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239 Mapping of Natural Resources Sustainable Use Mapping of natural resources sustainable use in the case studies of SECOA project Item Type Journal Contribution Authors Tran, Dinh Lan; Do, Thi Thu Huong; Cao, Thi Thu Trang Download date 25/09/2021 21:23:30 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/9348 Tuy ển T ập Nghiên C ứu Bi ển, 2013, t ập 19: 239-253 MAPPING OF NATURAL RESOURCES SUSTAINABLE USE IN THE CASE STUDIES OF SECOA PROJECT Tran Dinh Lan, Do Thi Thu Huong, Cao Thi Thu Trang Institute of Marine Environment and Resources Abstract Series of maps of sustainable use of coastal natural resources focusing on coastal ecosystems and their important components in SECOA project case studies in partner countries of Belgium, India, Israel, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, the UK and Vietnam show clearly the level of sustainable or unsustainable uses spatially and temporally. Although having some limitations in indication of sustainable use of coastal ecosystem due to the lack of data at different time points, the maps of sustainable use of coastal ecosystems in case studies are exercises showing the qualitative approach to assessment of sustainable use of natural resources. Using indicators of ecosystem sustainability for assessment and mapping coastal resources use is a simple method but requires datum sequences at different time points. Making maps of sustainable use of coastal ecosystems also provide the change in area of each level (very sustainable, sustainable, unsustainable and very unsustainable) of the use of coastal ecosystems. I. INTRODUCTION II. METHODOLOGY Within the frame work of the project Mapping sustainable use of natural ‘Solutions for Environmental Contrasts in resources in coastal area of case studies is Coastal Areas’ – SECOA project, maps of based on DPSIR (Driving forces, Pressure, sustainable resources use in SECOA case State, Impact and Response) frame work studies of partner countries as Belgium, analysis or more quantitatively the India, Israel, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, the sustainability indicators and index. UK and Vietnam have been made to The sustainable use of coastal interpret and provide more information on ecosystems in case studies was assessed at assessment of natural resources use. To do 4 levels: assessment of the sustainable use of natural - Very sustainable resources then produce the maps, three - Sustainable approaches were taken into account, - Unsustainable including DPSIR framework analysis, - Very unsustainable sustainable use indicators and sustainability index with increasingly quantitative Base maps and their scales are selected assessment. However, the later approaches by SECOA partners. The map scales are require more systematic data that are not selected mainly dependent on the always collected and become one of the geographical scope of selected case studies critical limitations of these methods. and the available data, indicators and Coastal ecosystems or their components in indices. Geographic information system the case studies were selected and assessed (GIS) technology is employed for mapping. based on the main criteria and indices. There are two exceptional cases of the partners of the UK and Sweden in mapping of sustainable use of coastal natural 239 resources. The UK partner developed two 1. Belgian case studies kinds of indicators, including indicators of SECOA Belgian case studies include the sustainability and relative indicators of ones of Brugge and Oostende. Because sustainability to indicate the areas under these two case studies are close to each higher or lower pressure levels without other and in the same coastal system, the actually quantifying them and use these coastal ecosystems in the two case studies indicators to produce maps. Swedish were assessed and mapped together. partners have taken into account the 2050 Outputs of the analysis and calculation of scenarios of human activity and climate sustainability indicators from the set of change to map the land use change in sustainability of the coastal ecosystem SECOA Swedish case studies. The (Table 1) allow mapping the sustainable use mapping and analysis of Swedish case of the coastal ecosystem in case studies. studies has gone through four steps: 1) Maps of sustainable use of coastal Combination of selected layers indicating ecosystems in Belgian case studies were status, values and threats/pressures (maps made for non-built area (including of status 2010, maps of pressures 2050) agriculture, natural and semi natural using GIS; 2) Assessment of the degree of habitats, and open spaces) in the period of pressure based on qualitative and seven years from 2001 to 2007, showing an quantitative information about specific unstable trend in area of sustainable use. areas; 3) Combination with earlier and The total of non-built area in the case proposed responses, measure areas of studies was decreased over years. The different categories (maps of status 2050, coastal ecosystems were in sustainable use tables on status 2010 and future threats & in 2001, 2003 and 2005 with total area of proposed measures 2050); and 4) 70,096.5 ha, 69,878.7 ha and 69,707.8 ha, Assessment of the threats in relation to the respectively, and in unsustainable use in measures proposed. 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2007 with total area III. MAPS OF SUSTAINABLE USE OF of 69,979.2 ha, 69,788.6 ha, 69,612.5 ha NATURAL RESOURCES IN CASE and 69,438.2 ha, respectively. STUDIES Map 1. Map of sustainable use of coastal ecosystems in SECOA case studies of Belgium, 2007 240 Table 1. Calculated values of Index of sustainability (Isu) for the coastal ecosystems of Belgian case studies Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 ISU 0.609 0.460 0.717 0.434 0.582 0.491 0.455 Sources: N2.3 and D2.2 2. Indian case studies remarkable increase of unsustainable and Mangrove ecosystem in Mumbai very unsustainable wards, and the Metropolitan Region (MMR) and disappearance of some very sustainable marshland ecosystem in Chennai wards that existed in 1997. Metropolitan Region (CMR) were assessed In MMR, total area of mangrove and mapped for three time points: 1997, ecosystem was decreased from 140.34 2003 and 2008. Calculated values of sq.km in 1997 to 97.39 sq.km in 2003 and sustainability index from the set of then 96.98 sq.km in 2008. In more details, sustainability indicators of selected there were changes in area from very ecosystems in MMR and CNR (Table 2) sustainable use into very unsustainable use were used to map the sustainable use of in the period of 1997-2007. It is remarkable these ecosystems. that in 1997, there existed 36.08 sq.km of Maps of sustainable use of mangrove mangroves in a very sustainable use but in ecosystem in MMR and marshland 2008 there was none of them. The similar ecosystem in CMR show in 2008 a trend was observed in CMR (Table 3.). Map 2. Map of sustainable use of mangrove ecosystem in Mumbai case study of India 241 Table 2. Calculated values of sustainability indices for mangrove ecosystem (MMR) and marshland ecosystem (CNR) in Indian case studies Year 1997 2003 2008 Mangrove sustainability index - MMR 0.56 0.49 0.41 Marshland sustainability index - CNR 0.67 0.61 0.55 Sources: N2.3 and D2.2 Table 3. Changes of sustainable use levels in area of mangrove ecosystem (MMR) and marshland ecosystem (CMR) Name Assessed Area of very Area of Area of Area of very Assessed (Case Area (in sustainable sustainable unsustainable unsustainable component study (or sq. km) use (in sq. use (in sq. use (in sq. km) use (in sq. (ecosystem or sub-))/year km) km) km) environmental component) Mumbai Mangrove 1997 140.34 36.08 85.80 18.46 0.00 ecosystem Mangrove 2003 97.39 0.81 51.60 44.98 0.00 ecosystem Mangrove 2008 96.98 0.00 40.60 56.34 0.04 ecosystem Chennai Marshland 1997 11.19 1.76 9.27 0.16 0.00 Ecosystem Marshland 2003 9.18 0.13 3.77 5.28 0.00 Ecosystem Marshland 2008 8.03 0.07 2.77 0.57 4.62 Ecosystem 3. Israeli case studies index (Table 4) to be used to map the Israeli partner assessed and mapped the sustainable use of the coastal ecosystem. same ecosystem of sandy coastal trip, The changes of natural vegetation cover focusing on natural vegetation for the two were mapped at two time points of 1995 case studies of Palmachim –Tel Aviv and and 2009, showing steadily general Carmel Coast-Haifa. Sets of sustainability conversion of coastal area from sustainable indicators of the coastal ecosystems allow use into unsustainable use of the ecosystem, calculating the values of sustainability except for some sub areas in the coastal trip (Table 5). Table 4. Calculated values of sustainability index for coastal ecosystems in Israeli case studies (a) Palmachim Area 1995 2009 Ashdod 0.185 0.162 Bat Yam 0.600 0.105 Gederot 0.600 0.100 Gan Raveh 0.229 0.187 242 Yavneh outskirts 0.305 0.144 Yavneh 0.494 0.118 Rishon LeTzion 0.100 0.167 (b) Carmel Coast Area 1995 2009 Carmel Shore 0.247 0.108 Haifa 0.344 0.110 Tirat Ha'Carmel 0.224 0.118 Furidis 0.489 0.102 No Jurisdiction 0.247 0.100 Sources: N2.3 and D2.2 Table 5. Changes in the area of coastal vegetation in SECOA case studies of Israel Name (Case Area of Area of Assessed component (ecosystem or study (or sub- sustainable unsustainable use environmental component) ))/year use (ha) (ha) Palmachim Ashdod 1995 1,149,110 514,468 Natural Vegetation Cover 2009 829,658 1,034,729 Natural Vegetation Cover Bat Yam 1995 8,983,653 359,405 Natural Vegetation Cover 2009 121,895 478,917 Natural Vegetation Cover Gderot 1995 4,882,318 39,080 Natural Vegetation Cover 2009 1,797 108,928 Natural Vegetation Cover Gan Raveh 1995 4,755,680 282,640 Natural Vegetation Cover 2009 3,322,902
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