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Competing Manufacturers of MARINE GAS TURBINES a Special Descriptive Market Analysis October 2015

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Competing Manufacturers of MARINE GAS TURBINES a Special Descriptive Market Analysis October 2015 Competing Manufacturers of MARINE GAS TURBINES A Special Descriptive Market Analysis October 2015 By Stuart L. Slade; Senior Analyst/Editor of Naval Systems Preface This market assessment of the marine gas turbine sector in question is still in service. Planned units are those is based on the Forecast International Industrial and for ships whose construction has been authorized Marine Gas Turbine Database, a comprehensive listing but where the platform in question has not yet been of more than 41,150 gas turbine installations, of which commissioned. 3,916 (9.51 percent) are marine gas turbines used for propulsion and 933 (2.27 percent) are gas turbines The Industrial and Marine Gas Turbine Database used for onboard power generation. The Industrial and is being constantly maintained and updated, with Marine Gas Turbine Database is a unique reference new installations entered as the requisite orders are source that contains details of every propulsion gas placed. Also, as installations are decommissioned, the turbine that has ever been installed in a warship. appropriate database entries are amended to reflect this status. They are not, however, deleted. Ships have been known to be recommissioned after being withdrawn from service. They may be returned to their original roles, although this is becoming increasingly rare as the concept of reserve fleets falls into disuse. More commonly, a decommissioned ship may be sold to a new user. To avoid duplication, the Industrial and Marine Gas Turbine Database lists ships under their last active user. Land-based gas turbine power generation systems are often mothballed but maintained so that they can be returned to service in the event that more modern plants go off-line for any reason or there are unexpected surges in power demand. The status of these gas turbines is defined as being retired, operational or planned. Retired gas turbines are defined as those whose platform has been decommissioned. These turbines may not have been scrapped; most navies operating gas turbine-powered ships maintain a pool of replacement engines and turbines from decommissioned ships. The turbines are added to the pool, probably replacing older or inferior units. Operational gas turbines are those where the platform Descriptive Market Analysis The startling thing about the marine gas turbine market turbines. Rolls-Royce and GE both have licensees in is just how few companies are actually involved in Japan, and GE has also licensed the LM2500 to Italy, it. During the 1980s, the major players absorbed the India, Norway and Korea. Zorya-Mashproekt has sold minor ones and the industry consolidated to just six production licenses to India and China. In computing players. Of these, Pratt & Whitney and Perm provide the market share of the primary companies listed above, mostly aircraft engines for use on hovercraft and production by licensees is included within the totals. other air cushion vehicles. This is a very limited niche market, accounting for only 3 percent of the number GENERAL ELECTRIC of gas turbines supplied to the marine market. Vericor General Electric Company is one of the largest and owes its position to its provision of gas turbines most diversified industrial corporations in the world. for the U.S. Navy Landing Craft, Air Cushion (LCAC) GE traces its beginnings to Thomas A. Edison, who program. However, the follow-on program to the LCAC, established his Electric Light Company in 1878. In 1892, the Ship-to-Shore Connector, will use Rolls-Royce Edison General Electric Company and Thomson-Houston MT7 gas turbines, suggesting that Vericor will not be Electric Company merged to form General Electric participating in the future marine gas turbine market to Company. the same extent. Thus, the key players in the marine gas turbine market are GE, Rolls-Royce and Zorya- From the time of General Electric’s incorporation in Mashproekt. GE is the undoubted market leader with 1892, the company has developed, manufactured, and nearly half the market, while Rolls-Royce and Zorya- marketed a wide variety of products for the generation, Mashproekt split the rest between them. transmission, distribution, control, and utilization of electricity. Over the years, development and application of related and new technologies have considerably broadened the scope of GE’s activities and those of its affiliates. The company’s products include lamps, motors, locomotives, major appliances for the home, industrial electronic products and components, electrical distribution and control equipment, power generation and delivery products, nuclear power support services and fuel assemblies, and commercial and military aircraft jet engines. It also produces Notes: Vericor was formerly Avco Lycoming, which was engineered plastics, silicones, and cutting materials, acquired by MTU as a wholly owned subsidiary. Perm is as well as a wide variety of high-technology products a Russian company that primarily builds aero turbines. used in aerospace, defense, and medical diagnostic To some extent, this concentration of the market into a applications. General Electric employs about 307,000 few key suppliers is disguised by the fact that licensed people worldwide. production accounts for a significant number of gas Marine Turbine Programs GE LM2500 GE LM500 The LM2500 is a twin-spool, axial-flow, aeroderivative industrial gas generator and marine gas turbine The General Electric LM500 is an industrial and marine designed for marine propulsion, industrial and electric gas turbine produced by GE Aviation. It is a derivative utility power generation (including cogeneration of the General Electric TF34 aircraft engine. The first duty), and various mechanical drives. The LM2500 is LM500 engine was delivered to Esso Australia Ltd, a derivative of the General Electric CF6 aircraft engine. in Sale, Australia, in 1981. The engines performed The LM2500 is available in three versions: flawlessly in all applications, and run time between major overhauls far exceeded original expectations. In • The LM2500 delivers 33,600 shp (25,060 kW) the late 1980s, the engine became difficult to market with a thermal efficiency of 37 percent at ISO due to declining natural gas prices and the engine’s conditions. When coupled with an electric higher cost versus competitive, less efficient engines. generator, it delivers 24 MW of electricity at 60 Current versions of the LM500 deliver 6,000 shp (4.47 Hz with a thermal efficiency of 36 percent at ISO MW) with a thermal efficiency of 31 percent at ISO conditions. conditions. It has been used in various applications, such as in the Flyvefisken-class patrol vessels and in fast • The improved, third-generation LM2500+ version ferries. of the turbine delivers 40,500 shp (30,200 kW) with a thermal efficiency of 39 percent at ISO GE LM1500 conditions. When coupled with an electric generator, it delivers 29 MW of electricity at 60 The LM1500 is an industrial and marine gas turbine Hz with a thermal efficiency of 38 percent at ISO derivative of the General Electric J79 aircraft engine conditions. series. Many J79-derived engines have found uses as gas turbine power generators in remote locations, in • The latest, fourth-generation LM2500+G4 version applications such as the powering of pipelines. The was introduced in November 2005 and delivers LM1500 delivers 10,000 shp (7,420 kW) with a thermal 47,370 shp (35,320 kW) with a thermal efficiency efficiency of 33 percent at ISO conditions. The LM1500 of 39.3 percent at ISO conditions. product line is no longer a current offering from OEM (original equipment manufacturer) packagers. The LM2500 is license-built in Japan by Ishikawajima- S&S Turbine Services Ltd is currently the sole facility Harima, in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL), holding all the necessary fabrication jigs for full Level and in Italy by Avio (now a wholly owned GE subsidiary). IV overhaul of these units, as well as certified and calibrated test cell equipment specifically designed for testing of these units with corrected data to land-based and marine ISO conditions. GE LM1600 This is a simple-cycle, three-shaft, axial-flow, aviation-derivative industrial and marine gas turbine. More specifically, the LM1600 is a derivative of the General Electric F404 LM2500 Gas Turbine aircraft engine series. The LM1600 delivers 20,000 shp Source: General Electric Power Systems (14,920 kW) with a thermal efficiency of 37 percent at ISO conditions. Applications include mechanical drives, including compressor drives for pipeline, platform, and process operations; electrical generator drive and cogeneration duty; and marine propulsion. A dwindling order book portends an early end to the production life- cycle of this engine. GE LM6000 there are 14 LM6000 gas turbines operating in marine The LM6000 is a simple-cycle, very high-efficiency, installations, such as on floating production storage aeroderivative two-shaft industrial gas turbine capable and off-loading (FPSO) vessels in the harsh North Sea of driving equipment from either front- or rear-output environment. These engines had accumulated over shafts. The LM6000 is derived from the CF6-80C2 260,000 fired hours in service by 2003. In April 2015, the aircraft turbofan. Applications include industrial and LM6000 PC and PG models received Lloyd’s Register’s utility power generation in cogeneration and combined- Design Appraisal Document to the Marine Naval cycle configurations, mechanical drives, and marine Vessel Rules (NVR). Brien Bolsinger, vice president, propulsion. The LM6000 provides 54,610 shp (40,700 Marine Operations, GE Marine, said at the time, “The kW) from either end of the low-pressure rotor system, LM6000 already has a reliable track record in marine which rotates at 3,600 rpm. This twin-spool design and industrial service, logging more than 21 million with the low-pressure turbine operating at 60 Hz, a operating hours. Over 1,110 PC models are used for common electrical frequency, eliminates the need for land-based power generation, driving LNG compressors, a conventional power turbine.
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