1D New Québec and Torngat Orogens, Southeast Churchill Province

In the Lac Maugue area (project 8, Figure 1D-1), between New Québec and Torngat lakes Romanet and Dunphy, Manicouagan Minerals Inc. Orogens, Southeast Churchill obtained average grades of 132 g/t Ag and 0.46% Cu over 4.85 metres from channel samples. A one-metre section of the Province (Core Zone), channel sample yielded grades of 237 g/t Ag and 1.5% Cu. The company excavated a new trench located 97 metres to the and Ungava Orogen northwest of a former trench from the 1990s. Previous work on known copper-zinc and copper showings near Lac Maugue Serge Perreault, Abdelali Moukhsil (Lac-Maugue and Maugue-Sud) dates back to the 1990s.

Introduction Torngat Orogen and Southeast Composed mainly of Paleoproterozoic rocks, the New Churchill Province (core zone) Québec (Labrador Trough), Torngat, and Ungava (Cape Smith Belt) orogens cover a signiﬁ cant proportion of northern Québec GEOLOGICAL OVERVIEW (ﬁ gures 1D-1 and 1D-2). The Southeastern Churchill Province The Paleoproterozoic Torngat Orogen is bounded to the includes the New Québec and Torngat orogens and their hin- east by Archean rocks of the Nain Province and to the west terland (core zone, composed largely of Archean rocks and by Archean and Paleoproterozoic rocks of the core zone sometimes referred to as the Rae Province [James et al., 1996; (Figure 1D-1). This orogen is divided into lithotectonic domains Wardle et al., 2002] [Figure 1D-1]). and complexes separated by ductile shear zones (e.g., the Abloviak deformation zone, Figure 1D-1). The main targeted commodities in the New Québec Orogen and the core zone in 2004 were copper, nickel, platinum group Located in the Southeastern Churchill Province, the Trough elements (PGE), zinc, and cobalt. The search for diamonds hinterland and the Torngat foreland were called the “core zone” generated some interest in the Torngat Orogen (Figure 1D-1). by James et al. (1996). The core zone is composed largely of The Ungava Orogen (Ungava Trough or Cape Smith Belt) once Archean gneisses with bands of Paleoproterozoic supracrustal again attracted several exploration companies in the search for rocks. These rocks were subsequently deformed and metamor- nickel, copper, and PGE. All exploration projects conducted by phosed during the Paleoproterozoic. The core zone is divided exploration companies and individual prospectors within the into a series of lithotectonic domains separated by wide defor- study area are listed in Table 1D. mation zones (Figure 1D-1; Wardle et al., 2002).

The North Rae uranium property (project 12, Figure 1D-1), held by Azimut Exploration Inc. and Northwestern New Québec Orogen Mineral Ventures Inc., is located to the south and southeast GEOLOGICAL OVERVIEW of Kangiqsualujjuaq, near the mouth of Rivière George on Also referred to as the Labrador Trough in Québec, or simply the east coast of Ungava Bay. The main uranium zone lies “the Trough”, the New Québec Orogen, with rocks dated from within a strong radiometric anomaly (2,000 to 30,000 counts 2.17 to 1.79 Ga, forms a fold and thrust belt along the margin per second) that extends for about 5 km along strike. Uranium of the Superior Province (Clark and Wares, 2006). The Trough anomalies were also detected in lake sediments, and based on is composed of rocks comprising two volcano-sedimentary the preliminary analysis of a heliborne radiometric survey, 14 cycles and a third cycle of metasedimentary rocks (Clark and anomalies with a strike length of more than one kilometre were Wares, 2006). deﬁ ned, 7 of which are longer than three kilometres. Uranium mineralization occurs in pegmatitic, granitic and gneissic On the Willbob property (project 3, Figure 1D-1), the rocks. Uraninite was observed in two locations and conﬁ rmed Nunavik Mineral Exploration Fund, in partnership with by microprobe analysis. Twenty-two samples from 10 distinct Virginia Mines Inc., obtained grades of 2.97 g/t Au over 2.9 m, uranium occurrences along the Rae-1 Zone on the North Rae and 2.9 g/t Au over 3.9 m from channel samples on the Willbob property yielded grades above 0.05% U3O8. Fourteen samples zone. Grab samples yielded assays of 19.8 g/t Au (KUNI yielded grades above 0.1% U3O8; best results are 0.59%, 0.57%, showing), and of 9.53 and 9.66 g/t Au (Polar Bear showing) in 0.46%, 0.3%, and 0.22% U3O8. quartz veins with visible gold. The gold-bearing quartz veins are hosted in a differentiated gabbroic sill emplaced in mudstone and quartzitic sandstone. This property was explored during the 1960s (Willbob-Ouest showing) and in the late 1990s. Gold mineralization is associated with chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and arsenopyrite.

31 1D

Ungava Orogen have been drill-tested. Total resources for all the deposits on the Raglan South Nickel project (TK, Mesamax, Mequillon, GEOLOGICAL OVERVIEW Expo, Ivakkak) are estimated at 11.088 Mt of indicated The Paleoproterozoic Ungava Orogen (Ungava Trough resources grading 1.0% Ni, 1.2% Cu, 0.04% Co, 0.2 g/t Au, or Cape Smith Belt) consists of a volcano-sedimentary belt 0.6 g/t Pt, and 2.3 g/t Pd, and 0.954 Mt of inferred resources that stretches over some 370 km along an ENE-WSW axis grading 1.6% Ni, 1.5% Cu, 0.07% Co, 0.1 g/t Au, 0.7 g/t Pt, (St-Onge and Lucas, 1990; Figure 1D-2). The area may be and 2.7 g/t Pd. Potentially mineable resources (indicated and divided into four main tectonic units: a) the autochthonous inferred resources) after dilution for each deposit are as fol- Archean basement of the Superior Province, b) the allochthonous lows: 2.106 Mt grading 1.84% Ni, 2.31% Cu, 0.91 g/t Pt, and accretionary belt or Ungava Trough, c) the Paleoproterozoic 3.65 g/t PGE for Mesamax (project 19, Figure 1D-2); 2.39 Mt Narsajuaq Terrane, and d) the parautochthonous Archean base- grading 0.5% Ni, 0.68% Cu, 0.47 g/t Pt, and 1.73 g/t PGE ment (Lamothe, 1994). The Ungava Orogen comprises seven for Mequillon (project 21, Figure 1D-2); 0.475 Mt grading tectonostratigraphic units that form the Southern and Northern 1.65% Ni, 2.04% Cu, 0.78 g/t Pt, and 3.32 g/t Pd for Ivakkak lithotectonic domains, separated by the Bergeron fault. The (project 22, Figure 1D-2); and 8.562 Mt grading 0.76% Ni, Southern Domain is composed of three groups: a) the Lamarche 0.76% Cu, 0.04% Co, 0.8 g/t Au, 0.32 g/t Pt, and 1.36 g/t Pd Group (sedimentary assemblage intruded by gabbro sills), for Expo (project 20, Figure 1D-2). Drilling at the Ivakkak b) the Povungnituk Group (tholeiitic basalts intercalated with deposit (project 22, Figure 1D-2) expanded the known mineral- detrital sediments), and c) the Chukotat Group (komatiitic to ized zone along strike with grades of 2.32% Ni, 1.67% Cu, and tholeiitic basalts) thrust onto the Povungnituk. The Northern 4.0 g/t PGE over 12.85 m, including a 4.8-m interval grading Domain consists of the Chassé Formation (detrital unit) and of 4.05% Ni, 2.13% Cu, and 5.10 g/t PGE. On the Tootoo showing four groups: a) the Watts Group (sedimentary and metavolcanic (project 23, Figure 1D-2), the mineralized zone was traced to rocks), b) the Parent Group (tholeiitic basalts and tuffs), c) the a vertical depth of approximately 250 metres by drilling. Best Spartan Group (psammites, pelites, semipelites, sandstones, results reported by the company are: 1.08% Ni, 1.12% Cu, and felsic tuffs, and mudstones), and d) the Perrault Group (wackes, 2.93 g/t PGE over 29 m, including a 3.4-m interval grading conglomerates, sandstones, and mudstones). 3.54% Ni, 1.02% Cu, and 4.35 g/t PGE.

Since 1998, the Société minière Raglan du Québec, a Joint venture partners Anglo American Exploration wholly-owned subsidiary of Xstrata Nickel, operates an (Canada) Ltd and Knight Resources Ltd (project 25, underground and open pit mine, extracting ore from several Figure 1D-2) completed an extensive exploration program Ni-Cu-PGE deposits in the Raglan mining camp (project 18, including an important drilling campaign on the West Raglan Figure 1D-2). The mining camp comprises a series of 19 mas- project, which straddles the contact between the Povungnituk sive sulphide lenses (including the Katinniq deposit), associated Group to the south and the Chukotat Group to the north. Copper- with ultramafi c sills of the Raglan Trend. nickel mineralization occurs as massive sulphide lenses, net- textured sulphides or disseminated sulphides in ultramafi c sills. Since 2002, Canadian Royalties Inc. has gone from Best results from the 2006 drilling campaign are: 1.52% Ni, one discovery to the next and has stepped up its exploration 0.78% Cu, 0.31 g/t Pt, and 1.16 g/t Pd over 14.45 m, including efforts for nickel, copper, and platinum group elements (PGE) a section at 2.58% Ni, 1.38% Cu, 0.49 g/t Pt, and 1.89 g/t Pd in the Ungava Orogen. Many of its showings and deposits, (drillhole WR-06-113). associated with ultramafi c sills of the Raglan South Trend,

32 1D

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Figure 1D-1. Mineral exploration projects in New Québec and the Torgat orogen, the core zone and the Ungava Orogen for 2006. Modiﬁ ed from Wardle et al., 1990 and 2000.

33 1D

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NORTH DOMAIN SOUTH DOMAIN Perrault Group Wacke, conglomerate, CHUKOTAT GROUP LAMARCHE GROUP sandstone, mudstone Basalt Psammites, dolomite, Spartan Group iron formation, pelites Psammites, pelites, POVUNGNITUK GROUP INTRUSIVE ROCKS felsic tuff, dolomite Nuvilic Formation Granite, granodiorite, Parent Group Psammites, carbonates, monzodiorite Pyroclastites, basalt, pyroclastites, basalt Gabbro, peridotite, rhyodacite, rhyolite pyroxenite Cecilia Formation Watts Group Basanite, phonolite Peridotite, pyroxenite, NARSAJUAQ TERRANE gabbro, basalt Beauparlant Formation INTRUSIVE ROCKS Basalt, rhyolite Chassé Formation Tonalite, quartz diorite, Quartzite, psammites Dumas Formation granite, monzonite, syenogranite Psammites, pelites, SUGLUK GROUP Intrusive rocks basalt Granite, granodiorite, Semipelite, quartzite monzodiorite Gabbro, tonalite, diorite, ARCHEAN BASEMENT peridotite, pyroxenite Granodiorite, granite, quartz diorite, tonalite, psammites, iron formation, pyroclastites, basalt

Figure 1D-2. Exploration projects in the Ungava Orogen for 2006. Modiﬁ ed from Lamothe (1996).

34 1D D(166:24380), Re, S GpEm(B;G), GpMa, M, Pr GpMag(A;S), S Pr, S Pr, GpRa(G), S Au S Pr, Bélanger + Nuvilik Raglan West Ni-Cu-EGP D(25:4741), G, Gc(sl), Gc(t), Ni-Cu-EGP D(22:4303), G, GpEm(A;B;G), metamorphic rocks North Rae U G, Gc(l), Gc(r), GpMa(A), GpRa(A), Freewest Resources Canada Inc.Freewest George River U S G, Gc(r), GpRa(A), Pr, Anglo American Exploration (Canada) Ltd Knight Resources Ltd Nunavik Mining Exploration Fund Gold in high grade Nunavik Mining Exploration Fund Uranium reconnaissance U S GpRa(G), Pr, Waseco Resources Inc.Waseco Uranium Properties U Gc(r), Gc(sl), Gc(t), GpMa, GpRa(A;G), Northwestern Mineral Ventures inc. Northwestern Mineral Ventures 24 A/06, 07, 08, 09, 11 13, 16 07, 08, 24 H/04, 05, 06 24 F/04 TABLE 1D - Mineral exploration projects in New Quebec, Torngat Orogens, core zone and Ungava Orogen for 2006. 1D - Mineral exploration projects in New Quebec, Torngat TABLE Ungava Orogen, figure 1D-2 1819 35 H/11, 12 35 H/11, 12 Société Minière Raglan du Québec / Xstrata Nickel Canadian Royalties Inc. Raglan Cu-Ni-Co South Raglan - Mesamax S D(240:82.742), G, GpEm(B;G), Pr, Ni-Cu-EGP GpEM(B;G), GpMa(G), Env,G, 2021 35 H/1122 35 H/11, 1223 35 H/1124 35 H/11 35 G/0625 Canadian Royalties Inc. / Ungava Minerals Corporation Canadian Royalties Inc. 35 G/05, 06, F/08 South Raglan - Expo Canadian Royalties Inc. Anglo American Exploration (Canada) Ltd / Canadian Royalties Inc. Inc. / Goldbrook Ventures Ni-Cu-EGP see South Raglan Mesamax South Raglan - Mequillon South Raglan - Ivakkak Ni-Cu-EGP South Ragan - Tootoo see South Raglan Mesamax Ni-Cu-EGP Ni-Cu-EGP see South Raglan Mesamax see South Raglan Mesamax 17 14 D/05, 23 P/09, 10, 16, 1516 24 G/01, 02 24 B/07, 09, 10, Inco ltée Umilik Ni-Cu-EGP S G, GpEm, Pr, 45 24 F/13, 146 24 F/147 24 C/07, 088 24 C/089 24 B/04, 05 Orogen, figure 1D-1 Core zone and Torngat Mines Inc. / Virginia Nunavik Mining Exploration Fund 23 P/05, 0610 Willbob11 Uranor Inc. Chimo Minerals inc. Fort 24 A, G, H, I, P12 24 P/03, 04 inc. Uranium Star Corporation / Mines Virginia Manicouagan Minerals Inc. 24 I/05, 06, 11, 1213 Anglo American Exploration (Canada) Ltd 14 Uranor Inc. 24 I/12 Azimut Exploration Inc. / 24 G/01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, Sagar Uranor Inc. Au Deborah Lake Ericson Nunavik Mining Exploration Fund Lac Maugue S Pr, Minowean U-Au Ni-Cu-EGP S Gc(l), Gc(sl), GpMa(A), GpEm(A), Pr, Ni-Cu Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag Torngat G, Gc, GpMa(G), GpRa(G), S Kangiqsualujjuaq-2006 S, T Gc(r), GpEm(A), GpMa(A), Pr, Cage U GpMa(G), GpEm(S) Ni-Cu, U S Pr, Pg, TE U U G, GpRa(G), Pr S, T G, GpRa(A), GpRa(G), Gc(r), Pr, Nos. NTSNew Quebec Orogen, figure 1D-1 12 24 K/053 24 F/04, 05 24 C/04, C/08, / PROSPECTORS COMPANIES Resources Ltd Vantex Uranor Inc. PROJECTS Saint-Pierre SUBSTANCES Trimac Au-Ag-Cu-Zn G, Gc(sl), GpEm(S), GpMa(G), S, T U Pg, TE

35 1D (1) Anglo American Exploration (Canada) Ltd Spartan, Lac Bellau Watts, Ni-Cu-EGP G, Gc(t), S 35 G/09,10,11,15,16 TABLE 1D - Mineral exploration projects in New Quebec, Torngat Orogens, core zone and Ungava Orogen for 2006. 1D - Mineral exploration projects in New Quebec, Torngat TABLE 271 = See abbreviation list in appendix II. 35 C/13 Nunavik Mining Exploration Fund Akulivik-2006 Ni-Cu-Co-EGP S Pr, Nos. NTS26 35 F/09,10, / PROSPECTORS COMPANIES PROJECTS SUBSTANCES WORKS