Peeking into the Car of the Future
Luis Basto Sep 25, 2019
PUBLIC Agenda
Cost of Automotive Electronics Architecting the Car of the Future Domain Based Architecture − Connectivity − ADAS & Highly Automated Driving − Powertrain & Vehicle Dynamics − Body & Comfort − Infotainment & In-Vehicle Experience Safety & Security
PUBLIC 2 Some terms use in automotive electronics
• CAN bus – Controller Area Network • DSRC – Dedicated short range communication (802.11p) • V2X – V2V, V2I, V2X (vehicle-vehicle, infrastructure ) • ADAS – Advanced Driver Assist System • ASIL – Automotive Safety Integrity Level • LIDAR – Light Detection and Ranging • EPS – electronic power steering • ESP – electronic stability program • ISO -26262 Functional Safety Standard
PUBLIC 3 Autonomy Electrification Connectivity
Safe and Secure Mobility More than tripling the semi value per car – today’s standard car at $380
PUBLIC 4 Autonomy
+$700 Full 5 Automation LEVEL Level 3-5 +$600 High 4 Automation LEVEL Automated Driving System +$400 Conditional Performs entire dynamic driving task 3 Monitors environment Automation LEVEL +$100 Partial Automation 2 LEVEL +$50 Driver Assistance 1 Level 0-2 LEVEL Human Driver No Performs part of dynamic driving task Automation 0 Monitors environment
Semi Content per Car increase (TAM) vs Level 0 Source: Strategy Analystics; IHS; Evercore; ABI Research; NXP PUBLIC 5 Electrification
+$450 Pure E5 Electric Vehicle LEVEL +$425 Range Extended E4 Electric Vehicle LEVEL +$400 Plug-in E3 Hybrid LEVEL +$350 Full E2 Hybrid LEVEL Mild +$200 E1 Hybrid LEVEL Combustion E0 Engine
Semi Content per Car increase (TAM) vs Level 0 Source: Strategy Analystics; IHS; Evercore; ABI Research; NXP PUBLIC 6 Vehicle Electrification: Diversity of Approaches
Electrification E0 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 Levels LEVEL Combustion Mild Full Plug-in Range Extended Pure Electric Common Name Engine Hybrid Hybrid Hybrid EV Vehicle (ICE) (M-HV) (F-HV) (PHEV) Ford Mustang Honda Insight Toyota Prius FCA Pacifica BMW i3 Nissan Leaf Example
Combustion Engine
Battery System 12V 12V 48V LV HV LV HV LV HV LV HV
Mains Charging - - -
Electric Traction - 10 – 20kW 15 – 60kW 40 – 80kW 40 – 80kW > 80kW
PUBLIC 7 Connectivity
5G WiFi BT +$100 Fully Connected Car AM/FM NFC C5 LEVELDigital
4G-LTE WiFi +$80 + 4G-LTE Advanced, V2X Security AM/FM BT C4 LEVELDigital 4G +$50 WiFi + Digital Radio, 4G AM/FM BT C3 LEVELDigital
+$30 2G/3G WiFi + Connectivity BT C2 LEVELAM/FM +$10 Analog Radio AM/FM WiFi C1 LEVELBT No C0 Connectivity
Semi Content per Car increase (TAM) vs Level 0 Source: Strategy Analystics; IHS; Evercore; ABI Research; NXP PUBLIC 8 Architecting the Car of The Future
PUBLICPUBLIC USE 9 Mega Trends Force Vehicle Architecture Transformation TODAY: TOMORROW: AFTER TOMORROW: FLAT Flat to DOMAINS Wires go ZONES hierarchical virtual
Connectivity
Zonal Zonal Gateway Gateway Powertrain & Infotainment & Vehicle Dynamics Domain In-Vehicle Experience Controller
Domain Domain Gateway Central Controller Controller Brain
Domain Domain Controller Controller
Zonal Zonal Gateway Gateway
Body & Comfort ADAS & Highly Automated Driving
• Low bandwidth, flat network • High bandwidth network • Domains virtualized by SW – enabling high flexibility • Gateway key to communication between domains • One MCU per application • Easy enable/disable or update functions
Unfit to future Mobility Step to Autonomous Car StepPUBLIC to User10 -Defined Car Domain-based Connectivity Architecture
Connectivity DC Powertrain & Infotainment & Vehicle Dynamics In-Vehicle ADAS & Highly Experience
Automated Driving DC Gateway DC Powertrain & Vehicle Dynamics DC DC
Body & Comfort Vehicle Networking Vehicle
Infotainment & In-Vehicle Experience Body & Comfort ADAS & Highly Automated Driving
PUBLIC 11 SENSE THINK ACT
V2X Cellular Domain Connectivity Connectivity WiFi, BT, GNSS, NFC Domain Controller Architecture Smart Car Access
Radio Reception Domain MPUs Radar Safe Central ADAS & Highly Compute Edge Nodes & Sensors Camera & Planning Automated Driving Domain Lidar Controller High Bandwidth
Motion & Pressure Gateway Powertrain Engine Steering Powertrain & Transmission Airbag Speed Domain Brake Suspension Vehicle Dynamics Controller Battery Cell Management
Safety & Security Ultrasonic Networks Vehicle
Temp, Light, Humidity Body HVAC, Interior Lighting Body & Comfort Domain Controller Doors, seats, steering wheel, Switch Panels mirrors, wipers, sunroof
Infotainment & Touch Displays & Gesture eCockpitCockpit eCockpit In-Vehicle Domain Audio & Amplifiers Experience Voice Recognition & Audio Controller
PUBLIC 12 Auto Processors Tomorrow – NXP’s Unique S32 Platform
Body & General Purpose Network Processing Radar Vision Reduces SW R&D1 by 35% Arm Arm Arm Arm Memory Memory Memory Memory Cortex Cortex Cortex Cortex Unified HW with identical SW environment
Interconnect Interconnect Interconnect Interconnect
Specific IP Specific IP Specific IP Specific IP Specific
Application Application Application Application Common Chassis Common Chassis Common Chassis Common Chassis 10x the Performance2 Safety & Powertrain Common Chassis Autonomy – Safety Multiple real time OS ADAS AI accelerators Arm Arm Memory Memory Cortex Cortex Safety Peripherals
Interconnect Interconnect
Specific IP Specific IP Specific
Application Application Common Chassis Common Chassis Security Debug Safe and Secure 4 independent ASIL D paths HW security engine Ready for OTA The World’s First Fully Scalable Safe Auto Compute Platform Unprecedented Design Win Pipeline ➔ 1.5x of Previous Generations
1. Based on analysis of existing NXP Software code in existing customers’ applications 2. Based on publicly available competitor roadmap performance statements versus today’s best safe auto platform PUBLIC 13 Connectivity
PUBLIC PUBLIC 14 SENSE THINK ACT
V2X Cellular Connectivity Connectivity WiFi, BT, GNSS, NFC Domain Controller Smart Car Access
Radio Reception
Radar Safe Central ADAS & Highly Compute Camera & Planning Automated Driving Domain Lidar Controller
Motion & Pressure Powertrain Engine Steering Powertrain & Transmission Airbag Speed Domain Brake Suspension Vehicle Dynamics Controller Battery Cell Management
Ultrasonic Networks Vehicle
Temp, Light, Humidity Body HVAC, Interior Lighting Body & Comfort Domain Controller Doors, seats, steering wheel, Switch Panels mirrors, wipers, sunroof
Infotainment & Touch Displays & Gesture eCockpitCockpit eCockpit In-Vehicle Domain Audio & Amplifiers Experience Voice Recognition & Audio Controller
PUBLIC 15 A Look Inside the Connectivity Domain – All in a single ECU
Broadcast Reception Car Access – Base Station
Analog Digital Satellite Long Range Radio Radio Radio Passive Keyless Entry
Modem Security
Crypto µC 2G / 3G / 4G / 5G Consumer Connectivity V2X / DSRC Bluetooth Wifi Connectivity IEEE 802.11p GPS / GNSS Stack NFC & WPC
PUBLIC 16 Secure V2X Sensors Seeing around Corners
Sees objects up to 1km, around corners Proven IEEE 802.11p standards Highest security Scalable architecture
NXP RoadLINK In volume production 1st to market with secure 1-chip modem PUBLIC 17 ADAS & Highly Automated Driving
PUBLIC PUBLIC 18 SENSE THINK ACT
V2X Cellular Connectivity Connectivity WiFi, BT, GNSS, NFC Domain Controller Smart Car Access
Radio Reception
Radar Safe Central ADAS & Highly Compute Camera & Planning Automated Driving Domain Lidar Controller
Motion & Pressure Powertrain Engine Steering Powertrain & Transmission Airbag Speed Domain Brake Suspension Vehicle Dynamics Controller Battery Cell Management
Ultrasonic Networks Vehicle
Temp, Light, Humidity Body HVAC, Interior Lighting Body & Comfort Domain Controller Doors, seats, steering wheel, Switch Panels mirrors, wipers, sunroof
Infotainment & Touch Displays & Gesture eCockpitCockpit eCockpit In-Vehicle Domain Audio & Amplifiers Experience Voice Recognition & Audio Controller
PUBLIC 19 Field tested by Radar Evolves to 360° view with high-performance integration
Short range/ Medium range RADAR Park Assist Cross-Traffic Alert Junction Assist
Higher Resolution TOMORROW
Long Range Medium Range RADAR RADAR Adaptive Cruise Control Automatic Emergency Braking Blind Side Detection Forward Collision Warning
PUBLIC PUBLIC 20 Enabling A/D Perception & Sensing Requirements in Radar
Detection & Mapping Tracking Static and Dynamic Object & Free Space detection Resolve cluttered, (L4 functions) hidden objects & track directionality 3D Shapes (images) with classification (Deep Learning)
Classification & Localization Segmentation Ego motion and pin-point position via map correlation Pedestrians, Cars, or SLAM Trucks, Motorcycles
SOP 2021 for L3-4 vehicles PUBLIC 21 High-performance Vision Sensors Improve Safety on the Road
Front View Surround View Driver Monitor Perception
NXP S32V Supports demand for S32V open, safe, scalable solutions, and AI Vision Today and Tomorrow Market leading performance
Surround View VISION 3D Segmentation Highway Autopilot Assist Park Assist Pedestrian Detection
Driver Monitor Camera 3D Positioning NCAP Camera Driver Alertness VISION Driver Awareness Pedestrian Detection, Lateral Tracking Safe Central Compute Automatic Emergency Braking Camera / RADAR Collision Avoidance Safe Decision Making Rear View PUBLIC PUBLIC 23 Powertrain & Vehicle Dynamics
PUBLIC PUBLIC 24 SENSE THINK ACT
V2X Cellular Connectivity Connectivity WiFi, BT, GNSS, NFC Domain Controller Smart Car Access
Radio Reception
Radar Safe Central ADAS & Highly Compute Camera & Planning Automated Driving Domain Lidar Controller
Motion & Pressure Powertrain Engine Steering Powertrain & Transmission Airbag Speed Domain Brake Suspension Vehicle Dynamics Controller Battery Cell Management
Ultrasonic Networks Vehicle
Temp, Light, Humidity Body HVAC, Interior Lighting Body & Comfort Domain Controller Doors, seats, steering wheel, Switch Panels mirrors, wipers, sunroof
Infotainment & Touch Displays & Gesture eCockpitCockpit eCockpit In-Vehicle Domain Audio & Amplifiers Experience Voice Recognition & Audio Controller
PUBLIC 25 NXP Provides Leading Powertrain Control Solutions System optimized, scalable, secure and safe
Battery Management System
Battery Cell Network Processor Controller HV
Electric Motor Hybrid Vehicle Control Unit Combustion Engine Control Unit Motor Control Unit
Network Processor Network Processor Network Processor
Inverter Gate Driver DC/DC Converter
High Voltage Input Signal Output IGBT Module Network Processor & Sensor Drivers Interface
IGBT IGBT Power MOSFET
LV
26 Battery Traction Management Motor Hybrid Vehicle System Control Unit NXP GreenBox Development Platform Traction Target Applications Motor
Traction Motor
Integrated DC/DC Internal Converter Combustion Engine Traction Motor
PUBLIC 27 Vehicle Dynamics “Start, Stop and Steer”
Brake/ABS/ESP Traction Motors Brake/ABS/ESP Battery Steering/EPS Management Domain Controllers/ System Safety Companion MCU
Internal Combustion Engine
Brake/ABS/ESP
Brake/ABS/ESP Integrated Hybrid Vehicle DC/DC Control Unit PUBLIC 28 Safe Dynamic Control Using S32S MCUsSafety and MPUs Companion Domain MCU Controller Brake / ABS / ESP Steering / EPS Brake / ABS / ESP
Battery Management Brake / ABS / ESP Integrated DC/DC Converter Brake / ABS / ESP System Traction Motor Internal Combustion Energy Engine Energy Management Management PUBLIC 29 Navigation Dead Reckoning Roll Over Sensors in Automotive detection Applications Vehicle movement Electric Parking Brake Airbag Central Tracking Unit 6DOF Hill start control Crash sensor Night Vision Radar beam Infrared Electronic orientation & stabilization sensing Stability Control sensors Engine Mgt - Air Pressure,Turbo CNG/LPG Gas Tire Monitoring Sensor pressure
Suspension monitors Engine Mgt - Electronic Throttle Comfort seat Exhaust Gas Air Bladder Sensor Recirculation
Airbag Pressure Brake booster Satellite Sensor Car Alarm vacuum pressure Airbag Inertial Satellite Sensor Steering Angle, Torque Pedestrian Impact Sensor protection PSAT Keyfob motion and /or Low g detection Pedal Position Sensor Wheel Speed Sensor (ABS) PUBLIC 30 Body & Comfort
PUBLIC PUBLIC 31 SENSE THINK ACT
V2X Cellular Connectivity Connectivity WiFi, BT, GNSS, NFC Domain Controller Smart Car Access
Radio Reception
Radar Safe Central ADAS & Highly Compute Camera & Planning Automated Driving Domain Lidar Controller
Motion & Pressure Powertrain Engine Steering Powertrain & Transmission Airbag Speed Domain Brake Suspension Vehicle Dynamics Controller Battery Cell Management
Ultrasonic Networks Vehicle
Temp, Light, Humidity Body HVAC, Interior Lighting Body & Comfort Domain Controller Doors, seats, steering wheel, Switch Panels mirrors, wipers, sunroof
Infotainment & Touch Displays & Gesture eCockpitCockpit eCockpit In-Vehicle Domain Audio & Amplifiers Experience Voice Recognition & Audio Controller
PUBLIC 32 MagniV – Applications
SENSE Sensor Interface Motor Control ACT
Convertible or sliding roof Alarm sensors Door closing Ultrasonic sensors Seat, headrest control Rain / light sensor Mirror adjustment Steering wheel adjustment Particle sensor Steering column lock NOx sensor Starter / alternator Urea sensor Water pump engine cooling Engine cooling fan Headlight cleaning, levelling Oil pump Airmass sensor ABS pump Air quality sensor Parking break Passenger occupancy detection Window lifter Seatbelt system Steering wheel sensors (touch / hands off) Tailgate closing Throttle valve HVAC water pump
PUBLIC 33 Infotainment & In-Vehicle Experience
PUBLIC PUBLIC 34 Infotainment & In-vehicle Experience
Cockpit
Multimedia
Media Source
Radio
Audio
PUBLIC 35 Connected Infotainment: Key Differentiator & Sales Driver for OEMs
Cockpit Full digital eCockpit
Multimedia Multiple high resolution displays
Media Source Smartphone content, apps & services
Radio Digital radio & regional standards
Audio Noise cancellation, engine sound …
PUBLIC 36 Safety & Security
PUBLIC 37 System Development Unlocks NXP’s Value Propositions Functional Safety and Security
Looks at Looks at unintentional hazards intentional hazards Predictable and regular Unpredictable and irregular
Component Reliability & Robustness
Maximum quality of components is mandatory for high-value system
PUBLIC PUBLIC 38 Safety & Security Go Together
#1 Objective: no functional hazards ADAS & Highly on mission-critical ECUs Automated Driving
Powertrain & Vehicle Dynamics Only possible, if: System availability ensured Information received / processed trustworthy Body & Comfort
Infotainment & Vehicle Networks Vehicle Cyber-security is a prerequisite for In-Vehicle Experience availability and trust in the system Connectivity
PUBLIC 39 Functional Safety & Security – System-Level Concerns
IC-LEVEL SAFETY & SAFE & SECURE SAFE AND SECURE SECURITY SOLUTIONS + DOMAIN ARCHITECTURES = MOBILITY
ADAS & Highly Powertrain & Infotainment & Automated Vehicle Body & In-Vehicle Connectivity Driving Dynamics Comfort Experience
Vehicle Networks
• Resource isolation • Domain isolation • Fail operational • On-die monitoring • Firewalls • Resilient against cyber attacks • Integrity & authenticity checks • Network intrusion detection
PUBLIC 40 ISO 26262 : 2018 Part 11 – What’s New and Already Applicable
ISO 26262 Deliverables
Impact Analysis Reinforced Applicable
IP Management New Applicable
Safety Analysis- FTA Reinforced Applicable 2018 2018 Edition 2 Safety Analysis- DFA Improved Applicable
Safety Anlysis- Improved Applicable
FMEDA Applicablity
Fault Injection Reinforced Applicable (or not)
Confirmation Improved Yes and No Measures
PUBLICPUBLIC USE 41 Hazardous Event Domain Application ASIL (example)
Active Inadvertent hard braking Central Fusion D safety during driving ASIL Level Examples Passive Inadvertent deployment AIRBAG D Safety during driving For Different Solutions EPS Self steer during driving D
Chassis Stability control One wheel lock during driving D
One wheel lock during hard ABS C braking
HEV/EV Motor control Sudden Torque Up/Down C
Transmission Speed down on express way C Power Train D ADAS/ RADAR: SAFE Engine control Decreasing of engine torque B CENTRAL COMPUTE B SECURE CAR No brake lighting during ACCESS Body Brake Lamp B braking B INFOTAINMENT
VEHICLE B D POWERTRAIN NETWORKING ELECTRIFICATION
BODY B D SAFETY D CHASSIS PUBLIC 42 Examples Of a System Dreaded Event and ASIL Levels
ADAS Sensor Battery Management Power Steering Phantom detection Fire Auto steering, lock, loss
ASIL B ASIL C ASIL D
PUBLIC 43 NXP’s Safe Assure Program Functional Safety Standards
Automotive Industrial Simplify Customer Experience ISO 26262 IEC 61508 Safety ISO26262 system compliance process Support Optimize Customer R&D Efficiency Reduces time and complexity required to develop Safety Safety ISO26262 safety systems Hardware Software
Reduce Risk of Harm Safety Supports the most stringent Automotive Safety Process Integrity Levels (ASILs)
Safety Starts with Quality Zero defect methodology from design to manufacturing to NXP Quality Foundation help ensure our products meet the stringent demands of safety applications
PUBLIC 44 Proven History in Driving Security
2010s + • Hardware Security Module (HSM) Late 2000s • Secure Elements (SE) • Crypto Services Engine (SHE), • Gateway, CAN security Mid 2000s Active Shields • NFC-based Smart Access • High Assurance Boot & • Keyless Entry RF Transceivers Early 2000s Fault Detection Sensors • Enhanced Censorship • Passive Keyless Entry • Remote Keyless Entry Mid 1990s • Censorship • Immobilizers
#1 #1 #1 #1 #1 #1
eGovernment Bank Cards Smart Mobility Tags & Readers Mobile (MIFARE) Cards Authentication COMPANYPUBLIC PUBLIC45 45 What is at Risk and who is Affected?
STAKEHOLDERS
Car Users Car Owners Insurers OEM & Service IMPACT Suppliers Providers
Claims, Injuries Damage Safety brand damage
Insurance Loss of income Vehicle theft IP theft Financial claims (fraud, DoS, …)
Loss of Claims, Claims, personal data Privacy brand damage brand damage (PII)
COMPANY PUBLIC 46 NXP’s Automotive Security Solutions
Automotive ICs with... ² …on-chip security subsystems Security companions Secure Element (SE) Security Controller (SECO) Tamper-resistant secure system Infotainment & ideal for M2M authentication (e.g. V2X) In-Vehicle Experience High performance i.MX8 Media content protection
Connectivity Function-specific secure ICs Secure CAN Transceiver (TJA115x) ADAS & Highly Layerscape Security Engine (SEC) For enhanced IDS & IPS Automated Driving HSE (HSM) High performance Secure Ethernet Switch (SJA1110) Vehicle Networking Versatile feature set Network frame analysis (L2/L3/L4) S32x
Powertrain & & Secure Car Access ICs Vehicle Dynamics MPC57xx CSE For advanced RKE / PKE solutions Ease-of-use Cost-optimized Body & Comfort V2X DSRC Baseband (SAF5x00) Ultra-fast ECDSA verifications
COMPANY PUBLIC 47 PUBLIC 48 References
− http://www.nxp.com/automotive − http://www.arteris.com/flexnoc-resilience-package-functional-safety − Car Hackers Handbook, Craig Smith, No Starch Press, 2016 − Cybersecurity for Dummies, Lawrence C. Miller, 2016 − Car Hacks & Mods for Dummies, David Vespremi, 2004
PUBLIC 49