GREGG COUNTY
AND THE CITIES OF
CLARKSVILLE CITY, EASTON,
GLADEWATER, KILGORE, LAKEPORT,
LONGVIEW, WHITE OAK, AND THE
EAST TEXAS COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS 2018 HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN
Prepared by:
Gregg County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee
Under Authority of:
Gregg County Commissioners Court
City Council of Clarksville City
Easton City Council
Gladewater City Council
Kilgore City Council
Lakeport City Council
Longview City Council
White Oak City Council
East Texas Council of Governments Executive Committee
Local Contact: Mark Moore, Gregg County EMC
903-236-8400
Date submitted to TDEM: July 7, 2018
Date Submitted to FEMA: ______
Date approved by FEMA: ______
Date first adopted: April 8, 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Natural hazards exist throughout Gregg County which have caused and will continue to cause loss of life and/or property damage. Many of these hazard events are unavoidable.
The purpose of this Hazard Mitigation Action Plan is to reduce the potential for damage to the people and assets of our community due to natural hazards. This 2018 HMAP update replaces the 2013 Update which was adopted on September 7, 2013.
The first section of the plan explains the purpose of the project and describes the process used to meet the goals, including the legislative authority.
The second section gives a brief profile of Gregg County and its cities which are parties to this Plan: Clarksville City, Easton, Gladewater, Kilgore, Lakeport, Longview and White Oak, as well as the East Texas Council of Governments, which is also a party to this Plan.
The third section of the plan contains the hazard identification and risk assessment. First, the hazards are identified and described, including the locations that are at risk from each hazard and extent of the hazard’s anticipated effects. Previous occurrences are detailed, and the probability of recurrence is estimated. Vulnerability of our people and their property, as well as the infrastructure and resources of the county, are examined. Development trends are analyzed and potential losses are estimated. Hazards are prioritized.
The fourth section presents our Mitigation Strategy: the goals, objectives and actions that will be taken to mitigate the loss of life and property from the identified hazards. Specific mitigation actions focus on five areas: prevention, life safety, property protection, economic stability, and recovery. Mitigation is a sustained action; Gregg County communities are constantly involved in hazard mitigation, although mitigation efforts are not always well-documented. Another goal of this planning process was to recognize and document those mitigation actions.
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The fifth section details how this plan will be maintained in the future, and how it will be integrated into other planning mechanisms. Public involvement throughout the mitigation process is critical, and this section also discusses ways to keep the public involved.
The final section of the plan serves to document the planning process. This section details how the plan was prepared, who was involved, and how various local and state agencies worked together with the private sector and the public.
The three appendices contain reference material: National Climatic Data Center Weather History, which includes detailed tables of storm data from January 1, 1950 through March 31, 2018; Additional Verification of Participation in the form of sign-in sheets from committee meetings and public meetings at which hazard mitigation topics were discussed during the writing of this updated Plan; and finally, the Adoption Resolutions to be passed by the various jurisdictions which are a party to this Plan. The Resolutions will be added after this revised and updated Plan is FEMA approved.
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GREGG COUNTY LOCATOR MAP
Source: http://www.texasfile.com/static/img/counties/Gregg_County_1000px.png
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GREGG COUNTY JURISDICTIONS MAP
This Gregg County jurisdictions map shows the locations of all participating cities, rural communities, major water features, airports and transportation hubs, as well as the positions of the four neighboring counties: Harrison, Rusk, Smith and Upshur. ETCOG, the only participating entity not shown on this map, is the local council of governments organization, with its principal offices in the City of Kilgore. Map Source: Texas Almanac (https://texasalmanac.com/topics/government/gregg-county)
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ACRONYMS
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.A.
DFIRM Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map
DSHS Texas Department of State Health Services
EMC Emergency Management Coordinator
EMS Emergency Medical Service
ETCOG East Texas Council of Governments, a regional association which includes 14 counties and 99 cities; Gregg County is a member of ETCOG, and the ETCOG administrative office is located in the City of Kilgore
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency, formed by President Jimmy Carter on April 1, 1979.
HMAP Hazard Mitigation Action Plan
HMGP FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program
LEPC Local Emergency Planning Committee
LOMA Letter of Map Amendment for specific DFIRM
NFIP National Flood Insurance Program
PDM FEMA Pre-Disaster Mitigation Grant Program
TCEQ Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
TDEM Texas Division of Emergency Management
TxDOT Texas Department of Transportation
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 3 Gregg County Locator Map ...... 5 Gregg County Jurisdictions Map …...... 6 Acronyms ...... 7
PLANNING PROCESS ...... 10
COMMUNITY PROFILE ...... 15 Demographics ...... 29 Special Considerations ...... 31 Natural Environment...... 33 Economy ...... 35
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT Identification of Hazards ...... 38 Profiling Hazards to be Mitigated ...... 46 Tornado ...... 48 Windstorm ...... 57 Hailstorm ...... 63 Lightning ...... 67 Severe Winter Storm ...... 75 Wildfire ...... 80 Drought ...... 93 Flood ...... 99 Dam-Levee Failure ...... 108 Extreme Heat ...... 125
Assessing Vulnerability ...... 131 Analyzing Development Trends ...... 142 Estimating Potential Losses ...... 155 Prioritizing Hazards ...... 160
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MITIGATION STRATEGY Hazard Mitigation Goals ...... 170 Hazard Mitigation Objectives ...... 174 Mitigation Action Items ...... 178 Gregg County Action Items ...... 178 Clarksville City Action Items ...... 181 Easton Action Items ...... 183 Gladewater Action Items ...... 185 Kilgore Action Items ...... 188 Lakeport Action Items ...... 192 Longview Action Items ...... 194 White Oak Action Items ...... 201 ETCOG Action Items ………………………………………………………………………….…… 203 Implementation of Action Items ...... 206 Projects Completed Under the Expiring Plan ...... 239 Changes in Priorities since Previous Plan Adoption ……………………………………….……… 247
PLAN REVIEW, EVALUATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION Monitoring, Evaluation and Updating ...... 248 Incorporation into Existing Planning Mechanisms ...... 252 Continued Public Involvement ...... 257
DOCUMENTATION OF THE PLANNING PROCESS ...... 258
APPENDICES APPENDIX I: National Climatic Data Center Weather History ...... 265 APPENDIX II: Additional Verification of Participation ...... 289 APPENDIX III: Adoption Resolutions ………...... 303
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2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN
PLANNING PROCESS
The increasing public cost of disaster response requires emergency management professionals, elected officials, and members of the public to seek ways to reduce the risk associated with all hazards affecting the jurisdictions where they live and work. The Hazard Mitigation Planning process resulted from a series of federal and state mandates designed to significantly reduce the impact of various hazards at local levels. Authority comes from the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Assistance Act (Public Law 93-288), as amended by the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000. The requirements and procedures for State, Tribal and Local Mitigation Plans are found in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at Title 44, Chapter 1, Part 201 (44 CFR Part 201). This code also requires local governments to have a FEMA approved Local Mitigation Plan to be eligible to apply for project grants under the following hazard mitigation assistance programs: ➢ Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), ➢ Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM), ➢ Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA), ➢ Severe Repetitive Loss (SRL) and the Repetitive Flood Claims (RFC) program.
Section 201.2 of 44 CFR defines Local Government as: “Any county, municipality, city, town, township, public authority, school district, special district, intrastate district, council of governments (regardless of whether the council of governments is incorporated as a nonprofit corporation under State law), regional or interstate government entity, or agency or instrumentality of a local government.”
Additional guidance and updated regulations are provided by the FEMA Interim Final Rule dated October 31, 2007 (http://www.fema.gov). These laws require and provide a mechanism for States, Tribes, and Local Governments to undertake a risk-based approach
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 10 to reducing risks to natural hazards through mitigation planning. The National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 4001, reinforced the need and requirement for mitigation plans, linking flood mitigation assistance programs to State, Tribal, and Local Mitigation Plans.
The various requirements are further explained in several FEMA publications including a series of how-to guides, used during the writing of this document:
1. Getting Started, building support for mitigation planning (FEMA 386-1), September 2002.
2. Understanding your Risks, identifying hazards and estimating losses (FEMA 386-2), August 2001.
3. Developing the Mitigation Plan, identifying mitigation actions and implementation strategies (FEMA 386-3) April 2003.
4. Bringing the Plan to Life: Implementing the Hazard Mitigation Plan (FEMA 386-4), August 2003.
5. Integrating Historic Property and Cultural Resource Considerations into Hazard Mitigation Planning (FEMA 386-6), May 2005.
6. Multi-jurisdictional Mitigation Planning (FEMA 386-8), August 2006.
7. Using the Hazard Mitigation Plan to Prepare Successful Mitigation Projects (FEMA 386-9), August 2008.
8. Local Mitigation Planning Handbook, March 2013.
9. Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide, October 2011.
State of Texas Executive Order RP-12 on April 3, 2002, established the Emergency Management Council, and designated the Division of Emergency Management to administer and supervise the provisions of the Act. This State directive was later modified by Texas Executive Order RP-32, issued on January 28, 2004. By these Executive Orders, the Governor designated the Mayor of each municipality and the County Judge
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 11 of each county as Emergency Management Directors for their respective political subdivisions, and authorized each political subdivision to establish inter-jurisdictional agencies by intergovernmental agreement as needed.
Mitigation program activities in Texas employ the coordinated and interactive use of at least three components. The organization, responsibilities, and operations of the Hazard Mitigation Team are in Annex P (Hazard Mitigation) of a comprehensive Emergency Management Plan; current quantifiable vulnerability and risk data, designed to facilitate the prioritization of mitigation and preparedness needs, are in the Hazard Analysis; and the identification and implementation of specific vulnerability and risk reduction actions are contained within the Mitigation Action Plan. The Texas Department of Emergency Management (TDEM) has published a handbook that addresses the relationships and mutually supporting interactions between these three components. Source: State of Texas Mitigation Handbook (TDEM 21) June 5, 2002.
TDEM requires that jurisdictions achieve and maintain the Advanced Standards outlined in the DEM 100 - Preparedness Standards to receive Emergency Management Performance Grant (EMPG) funding. One of the requirements is to have an Annex P – Hazard Mitigation that describes how they will do the function of hazard mitigation in their community. This requires the EMPG jurisdictions to address mitigation issues.
The 77th Texas Legislature used Senate Bill 936 to amend the Texas Water Code, effective September 1, 2001, to authorize all political subdivisions to do the following:
➢ Adopt more comprehensive floodplain management regulations that the political subdivision determines are necessary for planning and appropriate to protect public health. ➢ Participate in floodplain management initiatives such as the National Flood Insurance Program‘s (NFIP) Community Rating system (CRS).
Very few counties have enacted any enforcement language, but they now have the power to do so. The State legislature has granted county government the power to establish a
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 12 floodplain management program, enforce floodplain management standards, and restrict growth in the floodplains.
The planning process begins with local plans like this one; local citizens and local government officials know the most about their community, its hazards, and its resources. Those local plans are submitted to the state, where they are consolidated with other jurisdictions to support broader planning efforts. State plans feed into national plans. The reverse is also true. Federal law places requirements on the states and local governments and sets minimum standards for the planning process and for plan development, updating, and monitoring.
The most successful mitigation plans, where practical meaningful mitigation actions resulted, have two common elements: Comprehensive risk and capability assessments that form a solid foundation for decision-making; and Participation by a wide range of stakeholders who play a role in identifying and implementing mitigation actions. (Source: Local Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Guidance, July 1, 2008.)
This local mitigation plan is the representation of the whole community’s commitment to reducing long-term vulnerability and acts as a guide for decision makers as they commit resources for implementation. The planning process does not stop at adoption. Proactively implementing the policies and actions included in the local implementation plan increases community resilience and is an investment in the community’s future safety and sustainability. (Source: Local Mitigation Planning Handbook, March 2013)
This multi-hazard mitigation plan covers all of Gregg County, including the incorporated cities of Clarksville City, Easton, Gladewater, Kilgore, Lakeport, Longview and White Oak, as well as the East Texas Council of Governments (ETCOG).
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Once the plan has received the necessary approvals from TDEM and FEMA, each participating jurisdiction will officially adopt the plan, and those adoption resolutions will be inserted in Appendix III at the end of this document.
Texas law does not give authority to counties to adopt or enforce zoning regulations or building codes. Without enabling legislation to grant such authority to county government, no action can be taken to reduce risk (unless they are a participant in the National Flood Insurance Program and the property to be developed is located in the 100- year floodplain). This means that counties cannot enact building and land management standards or use zoning to regulate development. A consequence of this is that minimal building standards are observed in rural areas while municipalities exercise complete authority to set higher standards for the protection of life and property. Attempts to modify legislation to give county governments the authority to regulate zoning and to adopt building codes have never been successful.
Several of the cities included in this plan lie in more than one county. Each of these cities is participating in the Gregg County plan as a primary documentation tool. Copies of this plan will be available to Harrison, Rusk, and Upshur County for coordination purposes. Those affected by overlapping jurisdictional boundaries are: ➢ Easton, which is partly in Rusk County; ➢ Gladewater, which is partly in Upshur County; ➢ Kilgore, which is partly in Rusk County; and ➢ Longview, which is partly in Harrison County.
Additionally, the East Texas Council of Governments (ETCOG) is now a participant in the Gregg County plan. ETCOG is a regional association of local governments, which serves a 14-county area, including Gregg County; its principal office location is in Kilgore, which is a city participating in this plan.
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COMMUNITY PROFILE
The principal cities in Gregg County are Longview, Gladewater, and Kilgore. The smaller incorporated cities are Clarksville City, Easton, Lakeport and White Oak. All these cities, as well as the East Texas Council of Governments (ETCOG) and Gregg County itself, are participants in this plan.
Gregg County is located in the northern portion of east Texas in the timber belt, approximately 125 miles east of Dallas and 47 miles west of the Louisiana state line. It encompasses 275.8 square miles of land area. It is bordered by Upshur County to the north, Harrison County to the east, Rusk County to the south, and Smith County to the west. Interstate Route 20 bisects the southern portion of the county. The study area watershed is in the Water Resources Council Texas-Gulf Region, Sub-region 09, and the Sabine-Neches River Basin. The population of the county has increased from 58,027 in 1940 to 121,730 in 2010 and is currently estimated to be approximately 123,367.
The climate of Gregg County is humid, as is expected in the central Coastal Plains of the United States. Temperatures range from an average low in January of 38 °F to an average high in July of 96 °F.
Rainfall measures nearly 46.5 inches per year, and while snow occasionally occurs, its value as measurable precipitation is negligible. November to April are usually the wetter months and August to October are usually the driest.
The rolling surface of the county has numerous streams draining to the Sabine River, which runs through the county from northwest to southeast. The northeastern tip of the county is located across a river basin divide and Gregg to Cypress Creek in the Red River basin. Sandy clay soil predominates, and the county has deposits of lignite, clays, iron ore, and iron rock gravel, and contains a significant portion of the East Texas Oil Field. Geologically, it is a domal area, and its structural relations are important to the accumulation of oil and gas.
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Clarksville City, Texas (shown in red on the county map below) is located in the northwest quadrant of Gregg County, to the west of Longview on U.S. Highway 80, between Gladewater and White Oak. Clarksville City, with a land area of 6.3 square miles, had 865 residents as of the 2010 Census, an increase of 7.3% since 2000. The population is currently estimated at 894, with approximately 8.2% of the population living in poverty. Lake Devernia is the only nearby reservoir. Gladewater Municipal Airport is also in the area. The City of Clarksville City is a member of the NFIP, has a city ordinance which regulates floodplain development, has a designated floodplain manager, and has a floodplain management ordinance which is enforced.
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Easton is a very small city with a land area of 2.5 square miles, ten miles southeast of Longview in extreme southeastern Gregg County and northeastern Rusk County, on the south bank of the Sabine River. The population is currently estimated at approximately 747.
The City of Easton is a member of the NFIP, but has no city ordinance to regulate floodplain development. All of the city’s emergency management, floodplain management and hazard mitigation functions have been delegated to the Gregg County EMC. There is no development within the floodplain in the City of Easton, and there are no NFIP repetitive-loss properties here.
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Gladewater is located on the border of Gregg and Upshur Counties in northeast Texas, at the crossroads of U.S. Highways 80 and 271. The 2010 census reported a population of 6,441 (currently estimated at 6,929). Gladewater has a total area of 12.2 square miles, of which 11.6 square miles are land and 0.54 square miles are water. Gladewater is approximately 27 miles northeast of Tyler on U.S. 271, 12 miles west of Longview on U.S. 80, and about 60 miles due west of Shreveport, Louisiana. The municipal airport is southwest of the city center, across the Sabine River.
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The Sabine River forms part of the city's boundary to the southwest. Running into the river are several branch creeks, particularly Glade Creek and Victory Branch. These two streams flow in the northern and western areas of the city. Victory Branch runs north of the city about 1.5 miles to the southwest until it joins Glade Creek. Glade Creek runs roughly from Lake Gladewater south to the Sabine River, about 2.75 miles across the west side of the city. Victory Branch joins it approximately 1/3 of the way to the River. A branch of Moody Creek runs along the east side of the city for approximately 3 miles. Two smaller streams flow from the city to meet it, halfway between the north and south corporate limits; both smaller streams flow less than a mile before intersecting into the Moody Creek Branch.
The City of Gladewater is a member of the NFIP, has a city ordinance which regulates floodplain development, has a designated floodplain manager, and has a floodplain management ordinance which is enforced. There are no repetitive-loss properties here.
Gladewater is the home of the Gladewater Round-up Rodeo, an annual event founded in 1937 by Jack Yates which is nationally recognized as one of Texas' top rodeos. It features a family atmosphere, offering events for all ages: the “grand entry” nightly mounted parade and flag presentation, the 6-year-old and under Mutton Busters contest, youth calf scramble, and all the usual adult rodeo events including barrel racing, calf roping, team roping, bulldogging, bronc riding and bull riding.
Gladewater is also known as the “Antique Capital of East Texas” with numerous antique shops lining Main Street. Lake Gladewater, constructed in 1954, provides recreation for city residents. Annual festivals include the East Texas Gusher Days in April, the Roundup Rodeo in June and the Arts and Crafts Festival in September.
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Kilgore is located on the border of Gregg and Rusk Counties, with the greater portion of the city in Gregg County and the remainder in Rusk County. The city population was 12,975 in 2010 and is currently estimated to be about 14,836, an increase of 14.3%. The median household income is $56,870, with approximately 16.1% of the population living in poverty. The City of Kilgore encompasses an area of 15.7 square miles.
Kilgore is bisected by U.S. Highway 259 and is also accessed via State Highways 31, 42 and 135. Interstate 20 passes through the northern edge of the city, which recently annexed the area along I-20 from Mile Marker 587 to 589. The Missouri-Pacific Railroad line also serves the city. Tyler is located 25 miles west of Kilgore; Longview, 10 miles northeast; and Shreveport, Louisiana, 55 miles east.
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Several creeks flow through the Kilgore area, most notably Bighead, Turkey and Birdsong Creeks. Turkey Creek runs approximately 2.5 miles through the study area, flowing southwest to northeast in the southern part of the city. It joins with Bighead Creek in the city's northeast quadrant. Bighead Creek is the longer of the two, with approximately 3.5 miles of the creek within the study area. It flows south to north and runs along the eastern side of the city. Intersecting Bighead Creek about 1/4 mile north of the city limits is Birdsong Creek. Birdsong Creek flows east to west into Bighead Creek, approximately 1- 1/3 miles from the eastern study area boundary.
The City of Kilgore has a local burning ordinance and enforces county-wide burn bans. The City has an ordinance which requires mowing of vacant lots, and if the land owner does not comply, City crews will mow at the owner’s expense. Kilgore has 14 warning sirens, which are activated when tornados threaten and in other times of emergency. The City also uses Code Red for emergency alerts and for weather warnings. The City advertises Code Red and encourages residents to register through notices on the City website, social media, and flyers distributed in government offices, at the local library, and during gatherings such as National Night Out block parties.
The City of Kilgore is a member of the NFIP, with a designated floodplain manager and a city zoning ordinance which prevents development within the floodplain areas. There are 10 properties within the City of Kilgore which have suffered a total of 35 flood losses, with $646,744.30 paid out by the NFIP. These properties are candidates for mitigation, if funding can be obtained to purchase them.
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Kilgore is proud to be the home of Kilgore College, a 2-year undergraduate institution founded in 1935. The college offers a wide range of academic, vocational and technical degree and certificate programs, including a fully-accredited Vocational Nursing program, and is the home of the East Texas Police Academy. The Kilgore Rangerettes drill team, founded in 1940, is said to be “the world's best-known collegiate drill team.” Kilgore College enrollment is approximately 6,000 students, including those who attend classes at its satellite campus in Longview, and those who are enrolled in distance learning courses via the internet.
Both the East Texas Oil Museum and the Rangerette Showcase Museum are located on the Kilgore College campus. Also on campus is the Shakespeare Garden, modeled after the original in England. Built to complement the Texas Shakespeare Festival, each of the plants grown is referenced in one of Shakespeare’s plays. The Texas Shakespeare Festival, a summer event in Kilgore for the past 32 years, offers professional theater productions including works by Shakespeare and others.
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Kilgore is also the home of the East Texas Council of Governments, a voluntary association of counties, cities, school districts and special districts within the 14-county East Texas region which includes Anderson, Camp, Cherokee, Gregg, Harrison, Henderson, Marion, Panola, Rains, Rusk, Smith, Upshur, Van Zandt and Wood Counties. ETCOG assists local governments in planning for common needs, cooperating for mutual benefit and coordinating for sound regional development. From its main office on Stone Road in Kilgore, and from various satellite locations, ETCOG provides programs and services for East Texas seniors, employers and job seekers; builds the 9-1-1 emergency call delivery system and administers 9-1-1 addressing for 8 East Texas counties and 23 cities; provides peace officer training and homeland security planning services; and delivers “Go Bus” flexible, affordable rural transportation services, business finance programs, grant writing services and environmental grant funding for the region. The ETCOG Vision statement reads: “We are a trustworthy organization committed to providing leadership, education, and financial resources to our 14-county region.” The ETCOG Mission states: “To improve the Quality of Life for all of our citizens, ETCOG pledges all its resources to educate and assist its members to accomplish their goals.” ETCOG has been heavily involved in hazard mitigation planning for the east Texas region since 2003, and has assisted all 14 of its member counties to produce their initial FEMA- approved Hazard Mitigation Action Plans. The 129 employees of the East Texas Council of Governments are ready to help east Texas communities thrive.
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Lakeport is a small city in southern Gregg County, with an estimated population of 1,039. The city has a total area of 1.5 square miles, located mainly along Highway 149, with one main intersection.
Lakeport is a member of the NFIP, and has no NFIP repetitive-loss properties within its city limits. There is no development within the floodplain. All of the city’s emergency management, floodplain management and hazard mitigation functions have been delegated to the Gregg County EMC. Lakeport uses a zoning system to classify, regulate, and restrict the use of land, buildings and structures; to regulate the height and bulk of buildings; to regulate the area of yards and open spaces about buildings; to regulate the intensity of land use, and to promote orderly urban growth within the corporate area of the city. The following zoning map shows the locations of the six zoning districts: Agricultural Districts (RA), Single-Family Residential Districts (R-1), Multiple-Family Residential Districts (MF-1), Mobile Home Districts (MH-1), General Business Districts (B- 1) and General Industrial Districts (GI-1).
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Longview, Texas, is the county seat of Gregg County and its largest population center. A small portion of the city extends into Harrison County, to the east of Gregg County. The City of Longview includes the communities of Spring Hill, Tenneryville, Greggton, Longview Heights and Judson, and covers an area of 54.7 square miles.
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Major transportation routes through the city include Interstate 20, U. S. Highways 259 and 80, States Highway 149 and 300, and Loop 281. The city is also served by the Union Pacific Railroad and the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway. Longview was incorporated in 1871 and became the county seat of Gregg County in 1873. The population of the city was 80,455 persons in 2010. The current estimated population is 82,822. Numerous industries and businesses are located in the City of Longview, including Texas Eastman, Trinity Industries, Crosby-LeBus Manufacturing, Dollar General Distribution, Komatsu Manufacturing, Neiman-Marcus Distribution, Holt-Cat, Genpac and others.
The City of Longview is in the upper portion of the Sabine River Basin and has topography characterized by gently rolling hills with numerous small streams, including Grace Creek, Lafamo Creek, Iron Bridge Creek and Eastman Lake Creek. Little commercial or industrial development is located within the floodplains of the city, although residential development is present along several streams. There are 19 NFIP repetitive-loss properties within the City of Longview, which have collectively suffered 53 flood losses with a total value of $1,107,161.90. The City has purchased and demolished six of these repetitive-loss properties, made drainage improvements at two locations, elevated one home, and plans to acquire two more within the next five years. The remaining repetitive- loss properties will be mitigated as funding permits.
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White Oak is located on U.S. Highway 80 in western Gregg County. Once simply a bedroom community adjacent to Longview, White Oak has matured into a small city that offers modern services and conveniences, while maintaining its friendliness and tranquility. The current population is estimated to be 6,389. The land area of the city is 9.1 square miles.
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Demographics
The table below shows actual population growth of Gregg County jurisdictions from 2000 to 2010, as well as the estimated population as of July 1, 2017, per the U.S. Census Bureau website, last accessed on April 10, 2018.
Rate of Rate of 2000 2010 Change 2017 estimate Change census census (2000-2010) (2010-2017)
Clarksville City 806 865 7.3% 894 3.4%
Easton 524 510 -2.7% 747 46.5%
Gladewater 6,078 6,441 6.0% 6,929 7.6%
Kilgore 11,301 12,975 14.8% 14,836 14.3%
Lakeport 861 974 13.1% 1,039 6.7%
Longview 73,344 80,455 9.7% 82,822 2.9%
White Oak 5,624 6,469 15.0% 6,389 -1.2%
Gregg County 111,379 121,730 9.3% 123,367 1.3%
State of Texas 20,851,820 25,145,561 20.6% 27,862,596 10.8%
(https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/whiteoakcitytexas,gladewa tercitytexas,kilgorecitytexas,longviewcitytexas,TX,greggcountytexas/PST04 5216).
Jurisdiction Population Density (2017) Poverty Rate (2017) Clarksville City 142 people per square mile 7.7% Easton 300 people per square mile 19.9% Gladewater 528 people per square mile 23.8% Kilgore 953 people per square mile 16.1% Lakeport 670 people per square mile 15.9% Longview 1,514 people per square mile 18.7% White Oak 703 people per square mile 22.1% Gregg County 447 people per square mile 18.1%
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Age Distribution as a percentage of total population (2016 estimates)
Under age 5 Ages 5-17 Ages 18-64 Age 65+ Clarksville City 8.9% 13.7% 61% 16.4% Easton 0 23% 59.7% 17.3% Gladewater 7.8% 27% 50.6% 14.6% Kilgore 8.0% 25.3% 52.7% 14% Lakeport 5.3% 16.9% 59.7% 18.1% Longview 7.7% 25.4% 53.5% 13.4% White Oak 7.9% 23.8% 57.7% 10.6% Gregg County 7.5% 25.5% 53.5% 13.5% State of Texas 7.7% 27.3% 54.7% 10.3%
(Source: https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/ productview. xhtml?src=CF last accessed May 20, 2018)
During emergencies, older residents are more likely to need transportation assistance, particularly elders who live alone, and those with serious health issues. Nursing home residents are more likely to require specialized transportation assistance.
Racial Distribution (2010 census data)
White Black Latino Native Asian Other American Clarksville 83.9% 3.7% 8.6% 0.8% 0.0% 3.0% City Easton 11% 60.4% 27.1% 0.2% 1.4% 0.0% Gladewater 72.7% 17.5% 6.4% 0.5% 0.6% 2.3% Kilgore 61.7% 12.8% 20.2% 0.1% 3.2% 2.0% Lakeport 30.3% 52.9% 13.9% 0.4% 0.8% 1.7% Longview 53.4% 22.1% 20.0% 0.4% 1.5% 2.6% White Oak 83% 4.7% 8.3% 0.6% 0.6% 2.8% Gregg 60.8% 20% 16.4% 0.6% 1.1% 1.1% County State of 45.3% 11.8% 37.6% 0.7% 3.8% 0.8% Texas
Note: ETCOG is not listed in the above tables, because ETCOG is not a geographic or political jurisdiction, and has no “population” other than the 129 employees who work in the various ETCOG offices daily.
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Special Considerations
The 2010 census found that 17% of Gregg County residents are living in poverty, 20.5% have no health insurance, and 10.5% of residents under age 65 are disabled.
Social Vulnerability is estimated through an indexed combination of social, economic, demographic, and housing characteristics that influence a community’s ability to respond to, cope with, recover from, and adapt to environmental hazards. The highest-rated counties are the most socially vulnerable (the least able to respond, cope, recover and adapt to environmental hazards).
The maps below display the social vulnerability index for each county in Texas based on the 2010 Census. The one on the left compares Texas counties with all other US counties. (Gregg County is shown in white.) The map on the right compares Texas counties to each other. (Gregg County is shown in light blue.) Each of the five classifications contains an equal number of counties, or 20% of the total number of counties. (Source: 2013 CHAMPS report.)
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The map below displays the social vulnerability index for each census block group in Gregg County, based on the 2000 Census (latest date for which this level of detail was available). Each classification contains 20% of the total number of block groups. The highest rated groups are the most socially vulnerable (least able to respond to, cope with, recover from and adapt to environmental hazards). Special effort must be made to assist residents who are particularly vulnerable. (Source: 2013 CHAMPS report.)
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Natural Environment
Gregg County, located in northeast Texas, is bordered by Upshur County to the north, Harrison County to the east, Rusk County to the south, and Smith County to the west. Gregg County encompasses 275.8 square miles of East Texas timberlands. Natural resources are the basis for a large part of Gregg County’s economy.
Climate
The climate of Gregg County is subtropical. Temperatures range from an average high of 96° F in July to an average low of 38° in January, rainfall averages over 47 inches per year, and the growing season extends for 247 days. The average date of the last freeze is March 17, and the first freeze is around November 14. This pleasant climate makes Gregg County a desirable recreational and retirement area. (Source: Handbook of Texas Online, Suzanne Perry, "Gregg County," accessed April 11, 2018, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hcg10. Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Modified on February 20, 2018. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.)
Source: http://www.bestplaces.net/climate/county/texas/gregg (April 10, 2018).
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Topography, Soils, Mineral Resources Gregg County is a populous, leading petroleum county, heart of the famed East Texas oil field, with more than 3 billion barrels of oil produced since 1931; natural gas is also produced here. Elevations range from 230 to 524 feet above sea level. The terrain is gently sloping to hilly, with well-drained to moderately well-drained loamy and gravelly soils. Numerous streams drain to the Sabine River, which runs through Gregg County from northwest to southeast. The map below shows the general location of the various types of soils in Gregg County.
Source: https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth130339/
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Economy
Oil and natural gas enabled Gregg County to make the most of the national boom that accompanied and followed World War II. The United States government built Harmon General Hospital near Longview during the war and afterward donated it for use as LeTourneau Technical Institute (later named LeTourneau University). The hospital was part of the inducement for building the LeTourneau Factory at Longview.
The Texas Eastman plant, established near Longview in 1950, became the largest petrochemical complex in inland Texas. Another industrial milestone was the Schlitz (later named Stroh) Brewery, which opened in 1964. Also beginning in 1964, the construction of Interstate Highway 20 confirmed Gregg County's fortunate location on a natural east- west transportation artery. By the time the county celebrated its centennial in 1973, its position as a thriving industrial center and desirable place to live was assured into the twenty-first century.
Gregg County is also an agricultural center, boasting cattle and horse ranches, hay farms, timber sales, and various nursery crops. The 2012 Census of Agriculture reports 527 farms in Gregg County, with an average size of 91 acres, for a total of 48,052 acres being farmed. The market value of farm products sold was reported as $3,607,000 annually. This figure includes both crop sales (37%) and livestock sales (63%).
According to http://www.city-data.com/county/Gregg_County-TX.html#ixzz 5COjlTcPs (last accessed 4/11/18) Gregg County has the following housing units, by structure type:
➢ Single-family residence, detached: 32,946 ➢ Single unit, attached: 1,268 ➢ Duplex: 2,775 ➢ 3 or 4 units: 1,916 ➢ 5 to 9 units: 2,398 ➢ 10 to 19 units: 2,490 ➢ 20 to 49 units: 1,961
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➢ 50 or more units: 1,000 ➢ Mobile homes: 4,976 ➢ Boats, RVs, vans, etc.: 106
The U.S. Census Bureau reports 51,829 total housing units in Gregg County, and states that 60.4% are owner occupied, with a median value of $124,600. The same report lists 45,618 households in Gregg County, with an average of 2.61 persons per household. Almost 80% of Gregg County residents over the age of one year were living at the same location one year ago, which indicates a relatively stable population.
Source: This table was provided by the Texas Geographic Society, as part of the 2013 CHAMPS report.
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The 2016 annual average unemployment rate for Gregg County was 6.1 percent, as calculated by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, and can be found at: https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LAUCN481830000000006?years_option=all _years&periods_option=specific_periods&periods=Annual+Data (Gregg County). The 2016 annual average unemployment rate for the U.S. as a whole was 4.9%, as found at: https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNU04000000?Years _option=all_years&periods_option=specific_periods&periods=Annual+Data. This information was provided to the HMAP Committee by Brian Hannon, of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics section, on January 16, 2018. Local unemployment figures for 2017 were not available at that time.
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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Identification of Hazards
Understanding possible hazards and their potential consequences is the first step toward effective reduction of community risks. The Gregg County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee identified the hazards to be mitigated through an extensive process that used research from the National Climatic Data Center; the State of Texas Hazard Mitigation Plan; the 2013 CHAMPS report, prepared by the Texas Geographic Society; the Multi- hazard Identification and Risk Assessment: A Cornerstone of the National Mitigation Strategy; other materials obtained at TDEM trainings on Hazard Mitigation Planning; Planning Committee member input; and public input.
All fifteen (15) of the hazards defined in the State of Texas Hazard Mitigation Plan 2013 update were considered for inclusion into this Plan. Those hazards are:
1. Flood, which is an overflow or accumulation of an expanse of water that submerges land. Flooding may result from the volume of water within a river, creek or lake, which overflows or breaks dams or levees, with the result that some of the water escapes its normal boundaries. A flash flood is rapid flooding of low-lying areas, usually caused by heavy rain in a relatively short period of time. For the purposes of this plan, flash floods are considered together with flood as a single hazard.
2. Hurricane / Tropical Storm, which are areas of disturbed weather in the tropics with closed isobars and a distinct rotary circulation. Hurricanes and tropical storms bring heavy rain, localized flooding, high tides, localized coastal erosion, and wind damage. To qualify as a hurricane, wind speed must be 74 mph or more. Hurricanes are classified into categories based on wind speed and the potential damage they cause. Because the subject jurisdictions are more than 200 miles from the Texas Gulf Coast, hurricanes and tropical storms are not a hazard to be mitigated in this Plan.
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3. Wildfire, which is any uncontrolled fire that occurs in the countryside or a wilderness area. Reflecting the type of vegetation or fuel, other names such as brush fire, bushfire, forest fire, grass fire, and wildland fire may be used to describe the same phenomenon. A wildfire differs from other fires by its extensive size, the speed at which it can spread out from its original source, and its ability to change direction unexpectedly and to jump gaps, such as roads, rivers and fire breaks.
4. Tornado, which is a localized and violently destructive rotating windstorm occurring over land, characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud extending toward the ground.
5. Drought, which is an extended period of months when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply. Generally, this occurs when a region receives consistently below average precipitation. It can have a substantial impact on the ecosystem and agriculture, and may cause severe water shortages, as well as higher fire danger.
6. Coastal Erosion, which is a hydrologic hazard defined as the wearing away of land and loss of beach, shoreline, or dune material because of natural coastal processes or manmade influences. Because the subject jurisdictions are more than 200 miles from the Texas Gulf Coast, coastal erosion is not a hazard to be mitigated in this Plan.
7. Dam or Levee Failure, which is defined as the sudden, uncontrolled release of water from a body of water that was previously contained by a dam or levee. Such events are comparatively rare but can cause immense damage and loss of life when they occur, if people or structures are in the release path.
8. Earthquake, which is the motion or trembling of the ground produced by a sudden displacement of rock in the Earth's crust. Although no one can reliably predict earthquakes, today’s technology can rapidly detect seismic waves as an earthquake begins, calculate the maximum expected shaking, and send alerts to surrounding areas
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 39 before damage can occur. This technology is known as “earthquake early warning” (EEW). An EEW system called “ShakeAlert” is being developed and tested for the West Coast of the United States. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), along with a coalition of State and university partners, is working on this innovative technology, which was initiated in California on April 10, 2017. The USGS has also compiled a map showing the “chance of potentially minor-damage ground shaking in 2018,” where that term is defined as “Felt by all, many frightened. Some heavy furniture moved, a few instances of fallen plaster. Damage slight.” This map, which is reproduced below, shows the risk of such an event in our jurisdictions to be less than 1%.
Because no earthquake has been felt in Gregg County over the past 50 years, and because the U.S. Geological Survey has predicted that the chance of a “potentially minor-damage ground shaking” in 2018 is less than 1% throughout east Texas, earthquake is not expected to affect the subject jurisdictions within the next five years, and is not a hazard to be mitigated in this Plan.
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9. Expansive Soil, which includes several types of clay, particularly bentonite, which are especially prone to shrinking and swelling. Areas where these clays are known to be present are especially likely to have damage due to expansive soil. This can disrupt supply lines (roads, power lines, railways and bridges) and damage structures. Because Gregg County soil is not high in bentonite or other such clays, because no damage due to expansive soil has been reported in Gregg County, and because no such damage is anticipated within the next five years, expansive soil is not a hazard to be mitigated in this Plan.
10. Extreme Heat, which is defined as “temperatures that are 10° or more above the normal average high temperature.” The dangerous effects of extreme heat are compounded by the addition of high humidity, which is common in northeast Texas. Extreme heat is dangerous because heat stroke and dehydration may occur when people work outdoors in hot, humid conditions. It is also especially dangerous for babies, young children, the elderly, the disabled, and low income families which cannot afford air conditioning, or cannot afford to pay the utility bills if air conditioning is used.
11. Hailstorm, which is defined as a storm which brings frozen precipitation in the form of small balls or lumps, usually consisting of concentric layers of clear ice and compact snow. Texas officials estimate that up to 40 percent of all homeowners’ insurance claims in the state result from hail damage. The northern half of the state, where Gregg County and its cities are located, experiences more frequent severe hailstorms than other areas of Texas.
12. Land Subsidence, which is defined as the loss of surface elevation due to the removal of subsurface support. It can range from broad, regional lowering of the land surface to localized collapses such as a sinkhole. Because land subsidence has not been reported in Gregg County and is not expected to occur within the next five years, land subsidence is not a hazard to be mitigated in this Plan.
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13. Severe Winter Storm, characterized by freezing rain or snow, and sometimes referred to as an ice storm. The U.S. National Weather Service defines an ice storm as a storm which results in the accumulation of at least 0.25-inch (0.64 cm) of ice.
14. Windstorm, characterized by the presence of strong straight-line winds, of 85 mph or above, with little or no precipitation. According to the current FEMA wind zone map, Gregg County and its cities are located in wind speed zone 4 and can expect to be subject to Wind Storms generating straight-line winds of up to 250 mph. (Source: www.training.fema.gov/emiweb/is/is394a/03wind-0306.pdf last accessed 9/26/16.)
15. Lightning, which is the discharge of electrical energy resulting from the buildup of positive and negative charges within a thunderstorm, creating a “bolt” when the buildup of charges becomes strong enough. This flash of light usually occurs within the clouds or between the clouds and the ground. A bolt of lightning can reach temperatures approaching 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
Data Sources: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), “Facts About Windstorms.” Web site: www.windhazards.org/facts.cfm
Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior Web site: www.usbr.gov
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Web site: www.fema.gov
National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Web site: http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html
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National Drought Mitigation Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Web site: www.drought.unl.edu/index.htm
National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Web site: www.nssl.noaa.gov
National Weather Service (NWS), U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Web site: www.nws.noaa.gov
Storm Prediction Center (SPC), U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service Web site: www.spc.noaa.gov
Texas State Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2013 Update, available online at: http://www.dps.texas.gov/dem/Mitigation/txHazMitPlan.pdf
Texas A&M Forest Service, Texas Wildfire Risk Assessment Portal (TxWRAP) Web site: https://www.texaswildfirerisk.com/
The Tornado Project, St. Johnsbury, Vermont Web site: www.tornadoproject.com
United States Department of Energy (DOE) Web site: www.energy.gov
United States Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Department of the Interior Web site: www.usgs.gov https://earthquake.usgsgov/earthquakes/byregion/texas.php
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The Gregg County Hazard Mitigation Committee identified the following ten hazards (listed in alphabetical order) as potentially serious dangers for one or more of the subject jurisdictions. These are the hazards which will be addressed in this Plan:
➢ Dam-Levee Failure; ➢ Drought; ➢ Extreme Heat; ➢ Flood; ➢ Hail Storm; ➢ Lightning; ➢ Severe Winter Storm; ➢ Tornado; ➢ Wildfire; and ➢ Wind Storm.
The map on the next page shows the State of Texas’ top five mitigation concerns, from the 2013 State update, with the areas of the State that are most at risk for each.
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Profiling Hazards to be Mitigated
The Hazard Mitigation Committee determined just how badly each hazard could affect each of the subject jurisdictions. Any given hazard type can produce different effects depending on its magnitude, duration, and intensity. This Plan uses past occurrences to predict future probability. Appendix 1 – Historical Storm Data includes all incidents reported to NOAA since January 1, 1950. This database lists all significant weather events impacting the subject jurisdictions. Most of these hazards can affect the entire area and all of the jurisdictions equally, with exceptions noted.
Factors Examined:
Location - Potential affected area that the hazard might impact.
Extent - Potential magnitude or severity of Impact – how much can it cost people and communities to respond and recover?
Previous Occurrence – how often has the hazard occurred in the past?
Probability of Future Events – How often is the hazard likely to occur? Is the hazard year-round or seasonal? Probability or frequency of occurrence is categorized as unlikely through highly likely. These terms are defined as follows:
Highly likely: Event is probable within the next year or two. Likely: Event is probable within the next 3 to 5 years. Occasional: Event is possible within the next 5 years. Unlikely: Event is not expected to occur within the next 5 years.
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Hazard Magnitude Categories
Four categories were used to define each hazard’s potential severity: substantial, major, minor, or limited. These categories are defined as follows:
Substantial: • Multiple deaths likely; • Complete shutdown of facilities for 30 days or more could occur; • More than 50% of property likely to be destroyed or suffer major damage. Major: • Injuries and/or illnesses may result in permanent disability; • Complete shutdown of critical facilities for at least 2 weeks could occur; • More than 25% of property likely to be destroyed or suffer major damage. Minor: • Injures and/or illnesses could result in permanent disability; • Complete shutdown of critical facilities for more than 1 week could occur; • More than 10% of property likely to be destroyed or suffer major damage. Limited: • Injuries and/or illnesses are treatable with first aid; • Minor quality of life lost; • Shutdown of critical facilities and services for 24 hours or less; • Less than 10% of property likely to be destroyed or suffer major damage.
All these factors were used to profile each hazard to be mitigated in the subject jurisdictions. Some hazards, such as floods and wildfires, were profiled by mapping the geographic extent of probable damage, because these events usually occur in predictable areas of the community. Other hazards, such as tornadoes, do not occur in predictable areas; these were profiled by reviewing past occurrences and projecting the possibilities of future events.
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Tornado
The first reported tornado struck Gregg County in 1954; over the past 64 years, 36 tornados have caused over $35.8 million in damage to Gregg County structures. Five of these have been F3 (severe) events, and 10 were classified as F2 (significant), while 17 were F1 or EF1 (moderate) in nature, and the rest were F0.
While Clarksville City and Lakeport have never reported a tornado, Easton suffered an EF1 tornado on May 28, 2017, which caused a reported $25,000 in damage. This tornado, with maximum estimated winds near 90 mph, reportedly touched down 2 miles west of Easton along FM 2906, where it uprooted several trees. The tornado continued east along FM 2906 where several more trees were snapped or uprooted, with the most noticeable damage found in the city of Easton along the Gregg-Rusk County line. Several trees were uprooted and fell on homes in Easton, before moving across the city to the Rusk County side. No injuries were reported due to this tornado.
Gladewater has never reported a tornado, but the Gladewater Police Department reported sighting a funnel cloud on May 27, 1998. No injuries or damage were reported.
Kilgore reported three tornados on the same day: May 4, 1999, all reportedly F2 events, as well as one EF0 tornado on March 18, 2008. The first 1999 tornado damaged numerous homes and businesses in Gregg County, crossed into Rusk County, then reentered Gregg County, doing a reported $6 million in damage. Two people were injured and $19 million in damage was done to homes and businesses in Kilgore by the second tornado that day. The Stoneridge Apartment complex lost portions of its roof, walls collapsed and the complex was condemned. This tornado was noted to be "separate from the Gregg County to Rusk County to Gregg County tornado event which occurred at the same time." The third tornado of the day did minor damage to homes and took shingles from the roof of a school, for a total of $25,000 in reported damage. The 2008 tornado caused a reported $3 million in damage on the east side of Kilgore. This EF0
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 48 tornado was approximately 100 yards wide and was a continuation of a tornado which originated in Rusk County. Many large trees were uprooted or snapped, beginning along the Rusk-Gregg County line near Stone Road, where the ETCOG office building is located. The combined total reported damage for all four tornado events in Kilgore is over $28 million, and two people suffered injuries due to the second May 4, 1999 tornado.
Longview has reported four tornados, all within the past 17 years, and has also been damaged by two tornados which began in Kilgore and ended in Longview. (1) On December 16, 2001, a weak tornado (F0) developed along a squall line and moved rapidly north-northeast. Damage was confined to tree limbs and brush and occurred away from any buildings or structures. No dollar amount of damage was reported. (2) Longview next reported an EF-1 tornado on April 9, 2015, which caused $1 million in damage. This tornado touched down near the downtown area, traveling in an east-northeast direction for approximately 1.32 miles before lifting some 5 minutes later. The roof of a nursing home was damaged, and a nearby mobile home park also sustained damage. The tornado also damaged homes along the Eden Drive - Eastman Road corridor. Three mobile homes were completely destroyed by fallen trees. The tornado also tore the roof off a local church on Eden Drive. (3) On March 29, 2017, an EF-1 tornado with maximum estimated winds of 100-110 mph touched down along Reel Road just north of West Loop 281, primarily snapping and uprooting trees. A tree fell on the back side of one house at the corner of Reel Road and Buckner Street, damaging the house. Several homes had roof damage in the Hobson Road area, and several fences were blown over. The cross at the Grace Crossing United Methodist Church was leaning significantly and a light pole was also bent in this area. The tornado partially lifted the roof at the Judson Road Animal Clinic. One home and two cars were crushed by trees along Mary Ellen Drive. Another home along Airline Road lost several shingles as well as several trees on the property. (4) Another EF-1 tornado was reported in the Spring Hill area on May 28, 2017. This tornado exhibited maximum estimated winds near 105 mph when it touched down along Pine Tree Road just north of West Cheryl Street, on the northwest side of Longview. The
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 49 tornado proceeded south-southeast through the Tenneryville area, snapping and uprooting numerous trees, then traveled just west of the Pine Tree ISD campus and continued southeast towards Highway 80, uprooting and twisting numerous trees, several of which fell on homes. The tornado continued southeast towards the Greggton community where it damaged a few homes along Willow Springs Drive before crossing Highway 31 and West Loop 281, where it began to turn to the east-southeast. The tornado collapsed a steel dome owned by Komatsu and continued to the southeast causing mainly tree damage, before lifting along Huntsman Way south of Interstate 20 just west of the Eastman Chemical Company. Two other tornados began in Kilgore and ended in Longview. (5) The first, on May 4, 1999, was an F2 tornado which caused some $19 million in damage. (6) The second, on March 18, 2008, was an EF0 tornado approximately 100 yards wide, which began in Rusk County. Many large trees were uprooted or snapped in Longview. Dozens of trees were downed near the intersection of Jean Road and High Street to near Electra Street and Timpson Street to near Alpine Road and Glover Drive. Numerous trees were downed or snapped causing damage to cars, houses and outbuildings throughout the city, including Valley View Elementary School where trees fell on the roof, puncturing holes in it. Trees were reported down east of Fourth Street and south Cotton Street. Trees were also reported downed at Mobberly Avenue, Young Street, and east of 4th Street. Collectively, these 6 tornados have reportedly caused $1.81 million in damage in Longview over the past 17 years.
White Oak reported an EF-1 tornado which caused $50,000 in damage on May 11, 2017. This tornado originated in southern Upshur County and initially touched down along North White Oak Road. The tornado exhibited maximum estimated winds between 100-110 mph as it entered Northern Gregg County between Morgan Road and East Mountain Road, where several large pine, cedar, and mesquite trees were snapped or uprooted across open pastureland. A few shingles were also blown off of a home at the intersection of East Mountain Road and Shiloh Road.
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Rural Gregg County has experienced 25 tornados over the past 63 years, an average of one event every 2.52 years. Five of these have been F3 (severe) events, and seven were classified as F2 (significant), while 12 were F1 (moderate) and one was rated F0. No people were reported killed or injured, but reported property damage exceeded $5.9 million.
ETCOG has not experienced a tornado, and there are no records of events that have impacted ETCOG facilities, but since ETCOG’s main office building is located in Kilgore, we can expect ETCOG’s vulnerabilities, impacts and future probability to be similar to those seen in the City of Kilgore.
The HMAP Committee analyzed storm history events and information from the American Society of Civil Engineers to profile tornados and determined that the potential severity of impact for the local jurisdictions could be major or substantial, depending upon the magnitude of the tornado, the extent of development existing where the tornado touched down, and the size (both width and length) of the tornado’s path along the ground. A tornado which touches down inside the city limits of a large population center like Longview would be more likely to cause a substantial impact, with multiple deaths and great destruction, while a tornado which touches down in a rural area would have a major impact but would be less likely to cause multiple fatalities.
Major Characteristics:
➢ Injuries and/or illnesses result in permanent disability ➢ Complete shutdown of facilities for at least 2 weeks ➢ More than 10 percent of property destroyed or with major damage Substantial Characteristics: ➢ Multiple deaths likely; ➢ Complete shutdown of facilities for 30 days or more could occur; ➢ More than 50% of property likely to be destroyed or suffer major damage.
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The following table profiles how tornados could affect the jurisdictions.
TORNADO Category Response Potential Severity of Major to Substantial, depending on location Impact Frequency of Occurrence Likely Probability of Future Likely Events Seasonal Pattern All Year List of Sources “Taking Shelter from the Storm” (2014) FEMA booklet National Climatic Data Center historical records Committee Input Probable Duration 15-30 min. Warning Time Minimal / no warning – (20 min.) Existing Warning Systems Internet, Radio, TV, CODE RED or Nixle Potential Affected Area All jurisdictions are at risk. Cascading Potential Power outage Cascading Potential Debris in road (trees) Natural gas pipeline breaks – Fire Injuries, possible deaths Transportation disruption Rerouting traffic
Justification for the County’s Risk Assessment/Profile
Gregg County is in Wind Zone IV (250 mph) according to the Design Wind Speed map created by the American Society of Civil Engineers, and is estimated to have 6-10 tornados per 1,000 square miles. All of Gregg County is at “High Risk.” This means that any of the jurisdictions could experience an F4 (old Fujita Scale) tornado, which could create devastating damage.
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Most past tornado incidents are recorded using the old Fujita Scale, while current incidents use the Enhanced Fujita Scale. Both the original Fujita Scale and the new Enhanced Fujita Scale were used for reference and are included here.
Fujita Tornado Measurement Scale (old)
Category F0 Gale Tornado Light damage. Some damage to chimneys, break (42-72 mph) branches, push over shallow-rooted trees, damage to signs. Category F1 Moderate Moderate damage. The lower the limit is the Tornado beginning of hurricane wind speed; peel surface (73-112 mph) off roofs, mobile homes pushed off of foundations or overturned, moving autos pushed off of the road.
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Category F2 Significant Considerable damage. Roofs torn off frame Tornado houses; mobile homes demolished, boxcars (113-157 mph) pushed over; large trees pushed over or uprooted, light-object missiles generated. Category F3 Severe tornado Severe damage. Roofs and some walls torn off (158-206 mph) well-constructed houses; trains overturned; most trees in forest uprooted; cars lifted off ground and thrown. Category F4 Devastating Devastating damage. Well-constructed houses tornado leveled; structure with weak foundation blown (207-260 mph) off some distance; cars thrown and large missiles generated. Category F5 Incredible Incredible damage. Strong frame houses lifted tornado off foundations and carried considerable (261-318 mph) distance to disintegrate; automobile-sized missiles fly through the air in excess of 100 yards; trees debarked; incredible phenomena will occur.
Comparison of old and new scales
Fujita Scale Derived EF Scale Operational EF Scale
Fastest 3 Second 3 Second 3 Second F EF EF 1/4-mile Gust Gust Gust Number Number Number (mph) (mph) (mph) (mph)
0 40-72 45-78 0 65-85 0 65-85
1 73-112 79-117 1 86-109 1 86-110
2 113-157 118-161 2 110-137 2 111-135
3 158-207 162-209 3 138-167 3 136-165
4 208-260 210-261 4 168-199 4 166-200
5 261-318 262-317 5 200-234 5 Over 200
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Enhanced Fujita Scale Damage Indicators
NUMBER (Details DAMAGE INDICATOR ABBREVIATION Linked)
1 Small barns, farm outbuildings SBO
2 One- or two-family residences FR12
3 Single-wide mobile home (MHSW) MHSW
4 Double-wide mobile home MHDW
5 Apt, condo, townhouse (3 stories or less) ACT
6 Motel M
7 Masonry apt. or motel MAM
8 Small retail bldg. (fast food) SRB
9 Small professional (doctor office, branch bank) SPB
10 Strip mall SM
11 Large shopping mall LSM
12 Large, isolated ("big box") retail bldg. LIRB
13 Automobile showroom ASR
14 Automotive service building ASB
15 School - 1-story elementary (interior or exterior halls) ES
16 School - Junior or senior high school JHSH
17 Low-rise (1-4 story) bldg. LRB
18 Mid-rise (5-20 story) bldg. MRB
19 High-rise (over 20 stories) HRB
20 Institutional bldg. (hospital, govt. or university) IB
21 Metal building system MBS
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NUMBER (Details DAMAGE INDICATOR ABBREVIATION Linked)
22 Service station canopy SSC
23 Warehouse (tilt-up walls or heavy timber) WHB
24 Transmission line tower TLT
25 Free-standing tower FST
26 Free standing pole (light, flag, luminary) FSP
27 Tree - hardwood TH
28 Tree - softwood TS
Frequency - 36 reported tornados from 1954-2017 (64 years). On average, a tornado occurs once each 1.7 years. Five EF-1 tornados have been reported since the last Plan update, which caused $1.88 million in property damage, and another tornado could occur at any time. See Appendix 1 – Historical Storm Event Data for additional information.
Personal Injuries and Property Damage
Since 1954, 36 reported tornados in Gregg County have caused 2 injuries and $35.8 million in reported property damage.
All of the subject jurisdictions are at risk from tornados, which could have a magnitude of up to EF-4, with 3-second gusts of up to 200 miles per hour.
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Windstorm
Since 1954, 219 reported windstorms in Gregg County have caused one death, five injuries, and $2.95 million in reported property damage. Over the past 20 years, 115 events have been reported, causing one death, two injuries, and $2.5 million in property damage.
Clarksville City and Lakeport have not reported any wind events. Easton reported one wind event of 54 knots on August 6, 2010. No damage was reported. Gladewater reported 21 events over the past 23 years, with recorded speeds up to 80 knots; 6 events have recorded wind speeds of 60 knots or higher, and a total of $201,000 in property damage has been reported. On April 16, 2015, wind caused a large tree to fall on top of an SUV in Gladewater, killing one of the two occupants in the vehicle and severely injuring the other.
Kilgore reported 35 wind events over the past 25 years, with recorded speeds of 40-62 knots; 6 events have recorded wind speeds of 60 knots or higher, and a total of $1,555,000 in property damage has been reported.
Longview reported 50 wind events over the past 25 years, with recorded speeds of 50- 77 knots; 18 events have recorded wind speeds of 60 knots or higher, and a total of $535,000 in property damage has been reported. One death occurred during a 56-knot wind storm on March 11, 2018, when a large oak tree was uprooted and fell on a mobile home at the Flamingo Mobile Home Park in Northwest Longview. The tree crushed much of the mobile home, killing a 41-year-old man inside. His 12-year-old son was also inside, but was uninjured. An injury due to another 56-knot wind storm was reported on September 27, 2007, when a tree fell on a home trapping a person inside.
White Oak reported 9 wind events over the past 21 years, with recorded speeds of 53- 62 knots; 4 events have recorded wind speeds of 60 knots or higher, and a total of $85,000 in property damage has been reported.
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Rural Gregg County reported 104 events over the past 61 years; with recorded speeds of 43-85 knots; 8 events have recorded wind speeds of 60 knots or higher, and a total of $651,100 in property damage has been reported. Three injuries were reported on November 3, 1983, but no details were given for this incident.
ETCOG has not experienced damage from a windstorm, and there are no records of wind events that have impacted ETCOG facilities, but since ETCOG’s main office building is located in Kilgore, we can expect its vulnerabilities, impacts and future probability to be similar to those seen in the City of Kilgore.
The Committee analyzed storm history events as reported by the National Climatic Data Center and used information from personal past experience to profile windstorm events and determined that the potential severity of impact for windstorms is limited.
Limited Characteristics:
➢ Injuries and/or illnesses are treatable with first aid; ➢ Minor quality of life lost; ➢ Shutdown of critical facilities and services for 24 hours or less; ➢ Less than 10 percent of property destroyed or with major damage.
WINDSTORM Category Response Potential Severity of Limited Impact Frequency of Occurrence Highly Likely Probability of Future Highly Likely Events Seasonal Pattern All Year List of Sources Weather radios, Outdoor Sirens, TV, radio, internet, CODE RED or Nixle Probable Duration 1-2 hours Warning Time 3-6 hours
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WINDSTORM Category Response Existing Warning Systems Internet, Radio, TV, Fire Department, CODE RED or Nixle Potential Affected Area All jurisdictions are at risk. Cascading Potential Property damage to fences, roofs; livestock roaming; poultry houses may collapse. Debris from trees causes transportation delays. Electrical grid problems. Communication problems – phone and internet lines down.
Frequency of Event
NCDC records list 220 reported wind events from 1957-2018 (62 years). On average, Gregg County experienced 3.5 windstorm events each year. Over the past 20 years, 116 events have been reported, with 26 of those occurring since the last Plan update. See Appendix 1 – Historical Storm Event Data for additional information.
Fatalities, Personal Injuries and Property Damage
Since 1957, 220 reported windstorms in Gregg County have caused two deaths, five injuries, and over $3 million in reported property damage. Over the past 20 years, 116 events have been reported, causing two deaths, two injuries, and $2.5 million in property damage.
Magnitude / Wind Knots
Two events have been reported with wind speeds of 80-85 knots; four events were reported of wind speeds from 70-77 knots; 38 events reported wind speeds of 60-69
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 59 knots; 105 events reported wind speeds from 50-59 knots; 3 events reported wind speeds of 40-49 knots; and 68 of the older events did not report wind speed.
The Modern Beaufort Wind Scale describes characteristics of wind storms.
Beaufort Wind speed Description Land conditions number mph kts
0 Calm < 1 < 1 Calm. Smoke rises vertically.
1 Light air 1 – 3 1 – 2 Wind motion visible in smoke. 2 Light breeze 4 – 7 3 – 6 Wind felt on exposed skin. Leaves rustle. 3 Gentle breeze 8 – 12 7 – 10 Leaves and smaller twigs in constant motion. Dust and loose paper raised. Small branches 4 Moderate breeze 13 – 17 11 – 15 begin to move. Branches of a moderate size move. Small trees 5 Fresh breeze 18 – 24 16 – 20 begin to sway. Large branches in motion. Whistling heard in 6 Strong breeze 25 – 30 21 – 26 overhead wires. Umbrella use becomes difficult. Empty plastic garbage cans tip over.
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Beaufort Wind speed Description Land conditions number mph kts High wind, Whole trees in motion. Effort needed to walk 7 Moderate gale, 31 – 38 27 – 33 against the wind. Swaying of skyscrapers may Near gale be felt, especially by people on upper floors. Some twigs broken from trees. Cars veer on 8 Gale, Fresh gale 39 – 46 34 – 40 road. Progress on foot is seriously impeded. Some branches break off trees, and some small trees blow over. Construction/temporary signs 9 Strong gale 47 – 54 41 – 47 and barricades blow over. Damage to circus tents and canopies. Trees are broken off or uprooted, saplings bent Storm, Whole 10 55 – 63 48 – 55 and deformed. Poorly attached asphalt shingles gale and shingles in poor condition peel off roofs. Widespread damage to vegetation. Many roofing surfaces are damaged; asphalt tiles that 11 Violent storm 64 – 72 56 – 63 have curled up and/or fractured due to age may break away completely. Very widespread damage to vegetation. Some windows may break; mobile homes and poorly 12 Hurricane ≥ 73 ≥ 64 constructed sheds and barns are damaged. Debris may be hurled about.
As shown on the map below, provided by the Texas Geographic Society as part of the November 2013 CHAMPS report, Gregg County is rated among the top 40% of the State for severe thunderstorm-wind events, based on data collected from 1950 through 2013.
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Over the next five years, Gregg County jurisdictions could experience windstorms of up to 85 knots, but winds of around 50-60 knots are most likely.
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Hailstorm
Since 1968, 187 reported hailstorms have caused one personal injury and over $1.1 million in reported property damage within the Gregg County jurisdictions. This is a 50- year period, meaning that, on average, locations in Gregg County receive hail about 3 to 4 times each year. The specific events reported to NOAA are listed in Appendix I. Reported hail size has ranged from 0.75 inches (about the size of a dime, which may cause significant damage to plants and crops) up to 4.5 inches in diameter (larger than a softball, which may cause extensive structural damage and the risk of fatal injury to persons or animals without shelter).
Clarksville City and Lakeport have not reported any hailstorms to NCDC.
Easton reported one-inch hail on February 18, 2013; no injuries or property damage were reported.
Gladewater has reported 17 events in 25 years; no injuries or damage were reported, although four reports stated that the hail was 2.5" in diameter or larger, which would be golf-ball-sized hail, characterized as “very destructive.”
Kilgore reported 9 hail events over the past 25 years; no injuries or damage were reported, although one report described 2.75" hail.
Longview reported 51 hail events over the past 22 years; no injuries were reported; reported property damage totaled $1,125,000. Reported hail sizes ranged from 0.6" to 4.5" with five reports of hail 2" or larger.
White Oak reported 14 hail events over the past 22 years; no injuries or damage were reported. Hail sizes reported ranged from 0.75" to 4.5" on January 6, 1998, which was the sole report of hail more than 2” in diameter.
Rural Gregg County reported 95 hailstorms over the past 51 years. One person was injured in the Judson area on April 8, 2008, when hail reportedly “smashed through the
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 63 windshield of a moving vehicle causing a non-life-threatening injury to the driver.” No property damage was reported. Hail sizes ranged from 0.75” to 3”, with four instances of hail 2.5" or larger.
ETCOG has not maintained records of hail events that have impacted ETCOG facilities, but since the main ETCOG office building is located in Kilgore, we can expect its vulnerabilities, impacts and future probability to be similar to those seen in Kilgore.
The HMAP Committee analyzed hailstorm events as reported by the National Climatic Data Center and used information from personal experience to profile hailstorm events and determined that the potential severity of impact for hailstorms is limited.
Limited Characteristics:
➢ Injuries and/or illnesses are treatable with first aid; ➢ Minor quality of life lost; ➢ Shutdown of critical facilities and services for 24 hours or less; ➢ Less than 10 percent of property destroyed or with major damage.
HAILSTORM Category Response Potential Severity of Limited Impact Frequency of Occurrence Highly Likely Probability of Future Highly Likely Events Seasonal Pattern All Year List of Sources Weather radios Outdoor Sirens TV, radio, internet, CODE RED or Nixle Probable Duration Less than one hour Warning Time 3-6 hours Existing Warning Systems Internet, Radio, TV, Fire Department, CODE RED or Nixle
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HAILSTORM Category Response Potential Affected Area All jurisdictions are at risk Cascading Potential Property damage to fences, roofs, livestock roaming, poultry houses collapse Debris from trees Transportation delays
The following charts show the number of incidents reporting hail of the various sizes, a hail size comparison, and a table giving typical damage for each size category. The first was created locally; the other two are from the National Weather Service.
All the Gregg County jurisdictions are at future risk of hail up to 4.5” in diameter, with hail of 2” diameter or smaller most likely to occur on 15 to 20 occasions within the next five years.
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Lightning
Lightning is the discharge of electrical energy resulting from the buildup of positive and negative charges within a thunderstorm, creating a “bolt” when the buildup of charges becomes strong enough. This flash of light usually occurs within the clouds or between the clouds and the ground. A bolt of lightning can reach temperatures approaching 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Lightning rapidly heats the sky as it flashes but the surrounding air cools following the bolt. This rapid heating and cooling of the surrounding air causes thunder. On average, 89 people are killed each year by lightning strikes in the United States. Lightning often causes property damage in rural areas, striking television antennas, windmills, and well pumps. Trees which are struck by lightning often fall on power lines, fences and buildings, causing additional damage. Lightning is also cited as a cause of wildfires, particularly during times of drought, when brush, weeds and undergrowth are particularly dry and subject to ignite. Such fires can spread rapidly.
The National Lightning Safety Institute http://www.lightningsafety.com provided the following definitions of types of lightning and lightning effects:
Direct Strike - This is the most dangerous hazard, wherein the person or structure is in a direct path for lightning currents to seek ground. The magnitude of the current determines its effects. A typical amperage of 2OkA acting on a ground of 10 ohms creates 200,000V. A large strike can attain l5OkA levels.
Side Strike - This hazard results from the breakup of the direct strike when alternate parallel paths of current flow into the ground via a person or structure. When the initial current path offers some resistance to current flow, a potential above ground develops and the person or structure's resistance to ground becomes the alternate path of conduction.
Conducted Strike - This hazard occurs when lightning strikes a conductor which in turn introduces the current into an area some distance from the ground strike point.
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Unprotected connected equipment can be damaged and personnel injured if they become an indirect path in the completion of the ground circuit.
Structure Voltage Gradient - When current passes through two or more structures momentary voltage differentials are created. Poor interconnect bonding may cause a completed circuit potential difference. The same hazard is created, for example, by a person touching an ungrounded object while he himself is grounded. The electrical circuit is completed through him, sometimes with fatal consequences.
Induced Effects - Lightning can induce electric field and magnetic field coupling into structures and into wiring. Magnetic coupling is transformer action, and the common laws for transformers prevail.
Streamer Conductor - The streamer hazard occurs when a lightning leader influences electric behavior of objects on the earth. Even streamers which do not become a part of the main channel can contain significant amounts of current. Streamer current exposure can affect people and sensitive electronics.
Sequelae - These secondary effects are many. Forest and grass fires, explosive steam conditions in masonry, trees and other water-bearing objects, and consequences of the thunder clap startling a person so as to drop a wrench or inadvertently throw a switch are examples.
Step Voltage/Touch Voltage - This hazard occurs as a result of a lightning strike hitting the ground and dissipating its energy through the ground. The ground current creates a voltage drop across the surface of the earth, emanating from the earth entry point radially. A person standing on the earth within several hundred feet from the lightning strike point can have several hundred volts generated between his feet. This hazard is identical to a person being grounded while touching two live wires, one with each hand.
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The extent for lightning can be expressed in terms of the number of strikes within a 5- minute interval.
Lightning Activity Level (LAL)
LAL 1 No thunderstorms.
LAL 2 Isolated thunderstorms. Light rain will occasionally reach the ground. Lightning is very infrequent, 1 to 5 cloud-to-ground strikes in a 5-minute period.
LAL 3 Widely scattered thunderstorms. Light to moderate rain will occasionally reach the ground. Lightning is infrequent, 6 to 10 strikes in a 5-minute period.
LAL 4 Scattered thunderstorms. Moderate rain is commonly produced. Lightning is frequent, 11 to 15 cloud-to-ground strikes in a 5-minute period.
LAL 5 Numerous thunderstorms. Rainfall moderate to heavy. Lightning frequent and intense, greater than 15 cloud-to-ground strikes in a 5-minute period.
LAL 6 Dry lightning (same as LAL 3 but without rain). This type of lightning has the potential for extreme fire activity and is normally highlighted in fire weather forecasts with a Red Flag Warning.
Source: 2013 Update to the State of Texas Hazard Mitigation Plan: http://www.dps.texas.gov/dem/Mitigation/txHazMitPlan.pdf
Since 1997, 13 Gregg County lightning events have been reported to the NCDC, which caused $103,000 in reported damage. Ten were reported over the past 20 years, including one death, which occurred on September 27, 2007, in the City of Longview, when a 53- year-old man was struck and killed by lightning. Two events were reported since the last Plan update. There are no records of lightning impacting ETCOG facilities, but since the main ETCOG office building is located in Kilgore, we can expect its vulnerabilities, impacts and future probability to be similar to those seen in the City of Kilgore.
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However, many lightning strikes occur which are not reported to NCDC. Reports are generally made only when lightning is observed to cause damage. The following table includes the “event narrative” as reported to NCDC for the last 10 lightning strikes reported in Gregg County:
Date Location Event Narrative 4/23/2003 LONGVIEW Cloud-to-ground lightning struck an oil storage tank in northeast Longview just south of FM 2751 and Highway 250 Intersection. The oil tank blew apart and caught fire. The explosion was heard as far as 5 miles away. 8/14/2005 LONGVIEW Lightning struck a large oak tree on Pegues Street near 4th Street. The tree split and crashed down onto a home. 9/27/2007 LONGVIEW A 53-year-old man was struck and killed by lightning on Cox Lane. Victim was located approximately 25 feet from a large tree that was struck by lightning. 6/9/2010 TENNERYVILLE Lightning struck an oil holding tank in the community of White Oak resulting in a large fire. 4/4/2011 LIBERTY CITY Three oilfield service tanks exploded following a lightning strike. The tanks were located along FM 1252 east of Liberty City, Texas. One tank was struck which caused all three to explode. 6/30/2011 LONGVIEW Lightning struck the Greggton United Methodist Church and tore bricks off the church building. 6/30/2011 GREGGTON Lightning struck a tank battery on North Fuller Road and caused fire. 6/14/2012 JUDSON Two or three oil tank batteries caught fire from an apparent lightning strike on Hwy. 259. 9/11/2013 GREGGTON Lightning struck a rotting tree which caused the tree to fall on a home in Longview, Texas on Oakdale Avenue. 10/13/2014 GREGGTON A lightning strike set an oil well site on fire at the intersection of HG Moseley and Bill Owens Parkway southeast of Wildwood. Residents had to be evacuated from the area.
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According to the VAISALA National Lightning Detection Network, for the years of 2007 – 2016, Gregg County experienced 12 to 20 lightning strikes per square mile per year. This translates to about 4,412 total strikes per year for all of Gregg County, 101 strikes per year for the City of Clarksville City, 40 strikes per year for the City of Easton, 186 strikes per year for the City of Gladewater, 246 strikes per year for the City of Kilgore, 25 strikes per year for the City of Lakeport, 875 strikes per year for the City of Longview, and 145 strikes per year for the City of White Oak. The ETCOG office buildings have not experienced a direct lightning strike.
(Source: https://www.vaisala.com/en/products/data/data-sets/nldn last accessed 2/7/18.)
A similar number of lightning strikes (12 – 20 per square mile per year) will be expected throughout the Gregg County jurisdictions over the next five years.
The table below was produced by the Texas Geographic Society, as a part of the CHAMPS Initial Risk Assessment for Gregg County, dated November 15, 2013, to portray the number, frequency, and severity of reported losses due to lightning in Gregg County at that time. The HMAP Committee was unable to obtain any additional information about
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 71 the three deaths shown on the table below as having occurred due to lightning events in 1971 and 1963. Those events were not included in the NCDC data which is currently available.
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The map below indicates that Gregg County is in the top 20% among Texas counties for lightning strikes reported between 1960 and 2010.
Source: This map was provided to the HMAP Committee by the Texas Geographic Society as part of its 2013 CHAMPS report.
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The Committee used the information summarized above and personal experience to profile lightning as a hazard to life and property in the Gregg County jurisdictions and determined that the potential severity of impact for lightning is limited.
Limited Characteristics:
➢ Injuries and/or illnesses are treatable with first aid; ➢ Minor quality of life lost; ➢ Shutdown of critical facilities and services for 24 hours or less; ➢ Less than 10 percent of property destroyed or with major damage.
LIGHTNING Category Response Potential Severity of Limited Impact Frequency of Occurrence Highly Likely Probability of Future Highly Likely Events Seasonal Pattern All Year List of Sources Warning system Outdoor Siren TV, radio, internet Weather radios Probable Duration 1-2 hours Warning Time 3-6 hours Existing Warning Systems Internet, Radio, TV, Fire Department, CODE RED or Nixle Potential Affected Area All jurisdictions are at risk. Cascading Potential Property damage to fences, roofs, livestock Debris from trees Transportation delays Injuries and deaths Electrical grid problems Communication problems – phone and computer lines down
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Severe Winter Storm
A total of 25 Severe Winter Storm events have been reported to the National Climatic Data Center from 1996 through 2017. This is a 22-year period. On average, Gregg County jurisdictions experience one ice storm every year or two. All jurisdictions are potentially vulnerable to these events.
Gregg County ice storm events produce damage both structurally and economically, affecting both rural residents and city dwellers. Winter storms may damage trees, causing loss of timber production, and trees or limbs may fall on utility lines, causing service disruption. Homes, barns and other structures may be damaged by falling timber. Icy roads cause traffic accidents with resulting fatalities, injuries, property damage and delay. Electric service may be disrupted, especially in rural areas, for several hours to several days, depending upon the extent of damage to the transmission lines and the number of lines that are damaged at once. Because severe winter weather is likely to affect a wide area at the same time, the limited number of trained repair personnel and limited inventory of repair parts may lengthen the time required to return service to all areas.
Some of the most notable severe winter storm events in Gregg County history are described below.
(1) The February 1996 Ice Storm: An arctic cold front moved into Northern Texas on February 4, causing temperatures to drop. Up to two inches of ice and sleet accumulated. Several highways, businesses, and schools were closed. Many homes suffered power outages, and damage from falling trees was widespread to homes and businesses. Freezing rain, sleet and snow with ice accumulations of one to two inches caused numerous automobile accidents. A Longview man lost control of his vehicle and collided head-on with another vehicle. This accident left one dead and one injured. $20,000 in property damage was reported.
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(2) January 2000 Ice Storm: Ice accumulations of one to four inches fell across most of the area with the ice and snow accumulations near 8 inches. Thousands of homes were left without power due to ice covered tree limbs falling and snapping power lines. Also, hundreds of chicken houses were destroyed and approximately seven million chicks were killed. Barns, carports, and some structurally weak homes collapsed from the weight of the ice and snow. Traffic accidents were numerous.
(3) January 2010 Winter Storm: Bitterly cold temperatures swept into the region during the evening hours of January 7th with a hard freeze being observed through the morning hours of January 10th. Overnight and early morning low temperatures were into the teens with daytime high temperatures below freezing. The cold temperatures froze water pipes of many homes throughout the county. Some city and county water lines burst as well resulting in many residents either without water for a short period of time or with reduced water pressure. $250,000 in property damage was reported. This event affected Gregg and 20 other counties.
(4) February 2010 Heavy Snow: Snow began accumulating during the morning hours of February 11th and did not end until the afternoon hours of February 12th. Snowfall totals across the county ranged from 6 to 8 inches with 7 inches being reported near Longview. Schools and some businesses were closed and the wet nature of the snow resulted in large tree branches being downed along with some smaller trees across the county. This storm affected Gregg and 9 other counties.
(5) February 2011 Winter Weather: The second winter storm of the week brought around 2” of snow and sleet across the county. This storm affected Gregg and 20 other counties.
(6) January 2017 Winter Weather: A bitterly cold arctic air mass settled south across all of the Ark-La-Tex region during January 6th and 7th, with low temperatures plunging into the lower and middle teens across much of the area during the morning of the 7th.
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A 72-year-old male was found dead under the railroad bridge in the 100 block of Spur 63 in Longview, Texas just before 1 pm on the 7th. The deceased was lying on a blanket with a t-shirt on and partially covered with a jacket. Police believe that this male succumbed to these extremely cold temperatures/exposure conditions, with the Longview Regional Airport recording a low temperature of 15 degrees earlier that morning.
Two Fatalities, one Injury and Property Damage
One traffic fatality and one injury were reported on February 4, 1996, due to icy road conditions. One man died of exposure on January 7, 2017. Total property damage reported throughout Gregg County for all winter storm incidents since 1996 is $270,000.
The HMAP revision team analyzed storm history events as reported by the National Climatic Data Center (see Appendix 1) and used information from personal experience to profile ice storm events and determined that the potential severity of impact for winter storms is minor.
Minor Characteristics: Injuries and illnesses do not result in permanent disability; Complete shutdown of critical facilities and services for no more than 1 week; Not more than 10% of property destroyed or with major damage.
The following table profiles how severe winter storms could affect the jurisdictions:
SEVERE WINTER STORMS Category Response Potential Severity of Minor Impact Frequency of Occurrence Likely Probability of Occurrence Likely Seasonal Pattern Winter List of Sources • National Climatic Data Center • Team Input
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SEVERE WINTER STORMS Category Response Probable Duration 1-3 days Warning Time 6-12 hours Existing Warning Systems Internet, Radio, TV, Storm watchers, CODE RED or Nixle Potential Affected Area All jurisdictions are potentially at risk. Cascading Potential • Power outages • Loss of heat • Frozen / Broken Pipes • Property damage • Dangerous driving conditions • Stranded travelers / Motels at full capacity • Tree debris blocks roads • Delayed Emergency Response Time • Impacts to the economy • Communication capabilities decrease
The intensity of severe winter storms is expressed using the following table along with the National Westher Service wind chill chart, which follows:
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ETCOG has not maintained records of severe winter storm events that have impacted ETCOG facilities, but since ETCOG’s main office building is located in Kilgore, we can expect ETCOG’s vulnerabilities, impacts and future probability to be similar to those seen in the City of Kilgore.
The Gregg County jurisdictions expect to experience 2 to 4 severe winter storms of moderate to significant intensity over the next five years, resulting in ice and snow accumulation of up to 6.”
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Wildfire
Wildfire is an uncontrolled fire that most often occurs in wilderness or wildland areas. They can be caused by lightning, man-made accidents, or arson. Drought and extreme heat contribute to the destructiveness of wildfires. Source: FEMA Disaster Management for Public Services (MGT-317) July 2010.
Throughout Texas, the majority of the state’s new development is encroaching on undeveloped wildland areas. As cities, communities and suburbia expand into what was once considered rural Texas people and structures come into close contact with large amounts of vegetation. The junction in which homes and structures intersect with undeveloped wildland areas that contain flammable grass, brush and trees is known as the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI).
The placement of people, homes and structures within the WUI renders those structures extremely vulnerable to wildfire. Texas is prone to wildfires due to development and population increases within the WUI, climate conditions and changes in agricultural, forest and ranch land use. Wildfire occurrence statistics in Texas show that people cause more than 95% of all wildfires and more than 80% of all wildfires in Texas occur within two miles of an established community. Source: http://texasforestservice.tamu. edu/main/article.aspx?id=8508 accessed 6/27/2011.
Wildfires within Texas can be defined as being wildland, interface, or intermix fires. Wildland fires are fueled almost exclusively by natural vegetation while interface or intermix fires are urban/wildland fires in which vegetation and the built-environment provide the fuel. With the semi-arid climate of the western, southern and panhandle counties of the State, wildland fires are most common in the spring and summer months but can occur at anytime during the year, as evident by the winter wildfire Federal disaster declaration (DR-1624) in January 2006, and the multitude of large fires across the state from February through October 2011 which resulted in disaster declaration (DR-1999).
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September, and October of 2011 saw huge outbreaks of very large fires in the eastern part of the state, including Gregg county, resulting in Federal disaster declaration (DR- 4029).
The wildfire disaster cycle begins when homes are built within urban/WUI areas. All too often, WUI fires have occurred before and will occur again in these areas. When wildfires do occur, they advance through all available fuels, which may well include homes and other structures. Even when homes are lost, many homeowners simply opt to build even larger homes in the same spot, because of the availability of low-cost disaster loans. When homeowners rebuild homes without incorporation of wildfire mitigation measures, they unwittingly recreate the same conditions that led to the initial losses. Source: 2010- 2013 State of Texas Hazard Mitigation Plan, Adopted October 18, 2010, page 62.
In general, the following factors will affect the potential and severity of a wildfire:
➢ Climatic Considerations – Areas of extreme climate conditions, including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and duration of high velocity, precipitation, wind direction, fog, and other atmospheric conditions;
➢ Topographic Considerations – elevation and ranges of elevation, location of ridges, drainages and escarpments, slope, location of roads, bridges and railroads;
➢ Geographic Considerations – Fuel types, concentration in a mosaic and distribution of fuel types, earthquake fault zones, hazardous material routes;
➢ Flammable material – on structure exteriors;
➢ Narrow roadways – leading to developed areas;
➢ Inadequate hydrants or poorly placed hydrants;
➢ Combustible landscaping or debris near structures;
➢ Increased development and human activity in and near the wildland-urban interface.
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The Committee analyzed NCDC records as well as local fire department calls and runs to profile wildfire events and determined that the potential severity of impact for wildfire in Gregg County and its cities is limited.
Limited Characteristics:
➢ Injuries and/or illnesses are treatable with first aid; ➢ Minor quality of life lost; ➢ Shutdown of critical facilities and services for 24 hours or less; ➢ Less than 10 percent of property destroyed or with major damage.
The following table profiles how wildfires could affect the Gregg County jurisdictions.
WILDFIRE Category Response Potential Severity of Limited Impact Frequency of Occurrence Highly Likely Probability of Future Highly Likely Events Seasonal Pattern Summer and Winter List of Sources Committee Input Probable Duration 2 hours duration – event itself Warning Time Minimal / no warning Existing Warning Systems KBDI, Haines Index, CODE RED or Nixle Potential Affected Area All jurisdictions are at risk, see maps for details. Cascading Potential Property damage Road closure Traffic accidents Loss of power – burning utility poles Stripped resources Fences Damaged Livestock roaming Loss of resources
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National Weather Service (NCDC) records from January 1, 1950, through March 31, 2018, show only two wildfire events reported in Gregg County, both dated September 4, 2011, during a time of severe drought and widespread fires throughout much of east Texas:
1. The NCDC reported that “Strong sustained winds and wind gusts, in association with Tropical Storm Lee which made landfall across the south central and southeast Louisiana gulf coast, were felt across all of Northeast Texas on September 4th. These winds, along with very low humidity values and exceptional drought conditions across Northeast Texas, resulted in critical wildfire threat being met across the region. A wildfire, known as the Old Magnolia Complex, began in Gregg County on September 4th and was not completely contained until September 17th. The fire burned 4,909 acres with numerous agencies called in to battle the wildfire. Evacuation orders were made with the American Red Cross setting up shelters for the evacuees in Jefferson, Texas. Three vehicles were burned as well as one business. Two helicopters were called in to make water bucket drops and four Single Engine Air Tankers (SEAT's) made several retardant drops.” Reported property damage was $125,000.
2. A second NCDC report, also dated September 4, 2011, states that “A wildfire, which became known as the Moore Fire, began 4 miles southwest of Gladewater consuming 1,556 acres of timberland and grassland near Hwy. 135. Twenty homes were destroyed along with 15 outbuildings. A 20-year-old woman and her 18-month-old daughter died in a house fire on Lincoln Springs Road off Old Gladewater Road. One man was in the home and escaped with minor burns. One firefighter was injured when a tree fell over on him. The fire was not contained until September 13th.” Reported property damage was $2,250,000.
The data below was extracted from the records of the Longview Fire Department, Kilgore Fire Department, Gladewater Fire Department, Clarksville City VFD, Easton VFD, Lakeport
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VFD, White Oak VFD, and all other Volunteer Fire Departments within Gregg County, covering the period from September 1, 2013, through April 23, 2018:
ETCOG, with its main office building located in the City of Kilgore, is served by the Kilgore
Fire Department and has never been threatened by wildfire, but its vulnerabilities, impacts and future probability are expected to be similar to those seen in the City of Kilgore .
The maps on the following pages were taken from the Texas A&M Forestry Service “Texas Wildfire Risk Assessment Summary Report” for Gregg County, Texas, generated using the Texas Wildfire Risk Assessment Portal website (https://www.texaswildfirerisk.com) on January 15, 2019. These maps show:
1. Wildfire Ignition Density Map -- estimates the likelihood of a wildfire starting, based on historical ignition patterns;
2. Community Protection Zones Map – defines areas of primary and secondary priority for planning purposes;
3. Wildland Urban Interface Map – indicates where people and structures are bordered by woodland fuels;
4. WUI Response Index Map – rates the potential impact of wildfire on people and their homes;
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5. Fire Intensity Scale (FIS) Map -- identifies areas where significant fuel hazards and associated dangerous fire behavior potential exist based on a weighted average of four percentile weather categories; provides a standard scale to measure potential wildfire intensity;
6. Surface Fuels Map – identifies the type of fuel on the surface of the land, categorized by various fire behavior characteristics; and
7. Vegetation Map – identifies the type of vegetation and landcover found on the surface of the land.
These maps represent all that is known about the past extent and probable future extent of wildfire in the Gregg County jurisdictions.
Wildfire may occur in Gregg County within the next five years, most likely in a rural area, or possibly at the WUI of one of the Cities. Barring extreme drought and high winds, any such fire should be contained by the nearest Fire Department within 100 acres of rural land, or a single building within the city.
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Drought
Drought is a frequent hazard encountered in the Gregg County area. The County is blessed with abundant rainfall, averaging over 47 inches per year. However, droughts have occurred and have had an impact on the area during eight of the past 12 years, suggesting that any future year may have about a 67% chance of drought. When considered by month, Gregg County has experienced drought approximately 11% of the time (29 months of drought, from a total of 264 months).
The earliest reported drought in Gregg County occurred in May of 1996, when the NCDC recorded “May was one of the hottest and driest on record. Over ninety percent of cooperative observers reported rainfall far below climatological averages. Some reporting stations in northeast Texas including New Summerfield had no measurable rainfall the entire month. Numerous industries were hard hit including agricultural, timber, crop and livestock.” Another drought was reported in June and July of 1998; another in August and December of 2005.
Gregg County experienced 16 months of increasingly severe drought, beginning in December of 2010, continuing throughout the entire year of 2011, and for the first three months of 2012. This was the worst drought on record for the northeast Texas area, contributing to destructive and deadly wildfires as well as lost agricultural and recreational revenues when local lakes, rivers and creeks dried up.
Gregg County also reported three months of drought in 2013; three months of drought in 2015; one report for November of 2016, and another for December of 2017. No dollar amounts of property damage or crop damage were reported.
The impact of drought is mostly damage to the local economy, resulting in loss of natural resources and crop production. All types of agricultural products are affected, including hay, grain, orchards, vegetables, beef and other livestock. Horse and cattle breeders find it difficult to obtain hay, and prices skyrocket as hay must be imported from distant areas.
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Fishing is adversely affected, as the water level drops in area lakes. Tourism declines. Risk of wildfire increases, and the severity of a fire is likely to be much greater in times of drought. The drought year of 2011 saw the most extensive wildfires in the history of Gregg County, with almost 7,000 acres of land and 20 homes being burned in two separate fires, both in the month of September. Two people died and two others were injured in these fires. The total cost of drought is difficult to determine, and losses are seldom reported to the National Climatic Data Center.
All of the Gregg County jurisdictions may experience drought, with ETCOG potentially affected in the same ways as the City of Kilgore.
The Keetch-Bynum Drought Index is used to measure the severity of drought conditions and may assist in predicting when burn bans should be issued due to drought and consequent severe danger of wildfire. Current KBDI estimates for all locations in the State of Texas may be found at: http://twc.tamu.edu/kbdi. A new map is generated each day, showing updated information. Some historical maps may also be viewed. The map below depicts the KBDI for December 7, 2017, with Gregg County circled in red.
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Note the contrast between the previous map and the next map, which depicts September 4, 2011, during the worst drought in recent history.
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The following chart gives a graphic representation of drought in Gregg County from January 1, 2010 through July 1, 2018.
The following table describes drought severity with reference to the various monitoring indices that may be used to categorize drought.
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As examples, the 2011 drought in Gregg County was categorized as D4 (Exceptional) while more recent drought conditions have been D3 (Extreme) or D2 (Severe).
After reviewing all historical data concerning drought, the Committee determined that drought would have a limited effect on the local jurisdictions, impacting the economy rather than being a direct hazard to human life.
Limited Characteristics:
➢ Injuries and/or illnesses are treatable with first aid; ➢ Minor quality of life lost; ➢ Shutdown of critical facilities and services for 24 hours or less; ➢ Less than 10 percent of property destroyed or with major damage.
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DROUGHT Category Response Potential Severity of Limited Impact Frequency of Occurrence Every year or two Probability of Future Highly Likely Events Seasonal Pattern All Year, but primarily in the Summer List of Sources Committee Input Public Input National Climatic Data Center Probable Duration Variable based on several factors Warning Time More than 12 hours Existing Warning Systems Keetch-Byram Drought Index Potential Affected Area All jurisdictions may be at risk, except the City of Longview, which has 3 independent water sources capable of meeting all anticipated needs. Cascading Potential Damage to crops and agricultural commodities Loss of water supply Increased wildfire potential and intensity Impact on tourism, farming, ranching
Drought probably will affect the local jurisdictions for about 6 of the summer months over the next five years, based on past averages. Gregg County and its Cities could experience a KBDI of 700-800 in the future, as happened in 2011. Some economic damage is expected, primarily to agriculture in rural Gregg County, with hay production and all crops being adversely affected. In some of the Cities, water rationing may be required, with subsequent loss of grass and flowers in people’s yards, and damage to the landscaping and horticulture industry. No deaths or human illnesses would be expected due to drought, but economic losses could exceed $100,000.
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Flood
Gregg County flooding occurs when several inches of rain falls in a short time, causing “flash flooding” which ends when the excess rain drains off into nearby watersheds or soaks into the ground. Damage is usually related to property development. As new developments are constructed, less land is available to absorb water, which is forced into other low-lying areas, causing those areas to flood. As forest and plant coverage decreases, run-off and erosion potential increase. Inadequate drainage system capacity and clogged drainage systems may exacerbate flooding, causing water to rise much higher than anticipated.
Clarksville City has not reported any flooding incidents to NCDC, but there is one residential property within the city limits which has been damaged twice due to flood. This property has received $181,863.97 in flood loss reimbursement from the NFIP. Because the subject property is located in a private, gated community, the City does not consider it an appropriate subject for mitigation by public purchase.
Easton and Lakeport have not reported any flooding incidents to NCDC, and have no repetitive flood loss properties. Easton has no areas which are prone to flooding, while Lakeport has two short sections of roadway which occasionally experience mild flooding that results in one to two inches of water covering the road.
Gladewater reported 10 flood events in 20 years; no deaths or injuries; $30,000 in reported damage. There are no repetitive flood loss properties located in the City of Gladewater.
Kilgore reported 12 flood events in 22 years; no deaths, injuries or property damage were reported to NCDC. However, FEMA records reveal that there are ten residential repetitive loss properties within the City of Kilgore, which have received $636,744.30 in NFIP insurance payments for 35 reported losses. The City would like to purchase these properties and demolish them to create open areas, but has not obtained funding to do
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 99 so. Areas in danger of flooding include: North of Houston Street, in the Horseshoe Drive and Scyene Road areas; Dwain Drive in the Turkey Creek area; and Leach Street at Birch Lane, near Bighead Creek.
Kilgore flooding locations map, areas of concern circled in red:
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The City of Longview reported 22 flood events to the NCDC over the past 22 years; no deaths or injuries were reported; $541,000 in damage was reported to NCDC. However, FEMA records reveal that there are 19 residential repetitive loss properties within the City of Longview, which have received $1,107,161.90 in NFIP insurance payments for 53 reported losses (no timeframe was given, so this total is presumably for the entire time that the NFIP has been active in Longview). Six of these 19 NFIP repetitive-loss homes have been purchased by the City of Longview and demolished. The land where those six homes were located is now set aside as drainage property. Two more NFIP repetitive- loss homes were given drainage improvements, and one was elevated to prevent flooding at the 100-year event level. One additional property owner was asked to participate in this improvement program, but refused. This makes a total of nine homes out of the 19 NFIP repetitive-loss properties that the City of Longview has addressed under the City’s voluntary mitigation program. Two of these purchases occurred during the past five years, and at least two additional purchases are planned for the next five years. The City of Longview was recently awarded FEMA funds for the purchase of two homes that had suffered repetitive losses insured by the NFIP. Others will be purchased as funding becomes available.
The City also has a locally funded and locally executed program to address repeated home flooding, as documented by the City, of properties that are not in a flood plain (Special Flood Hazard Area), but have experienced repeated home flooding. The city has been funding this local program since 1990, and has purchased or made drainage improvements to more than 200 homes, six of these within the past five years. The City plans to continue this program, as local funding becomes available.
The map on the next page shows locations within the City of Longview where flooding is likely to occur in times of heavy rainfall:
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White Oak reported 4 flood events over the past 17 years; no deaths, injuries or property damage were reported. Flooding was reported on George Richey Road in the northwest corner of the city, and on Highway 80 near Lake Devernia, just outside the city limits. White Oak flooding locations map:
White Oak has one NFIP residential repetitive-loss property within the city limits, (red dot above) which has been damaged twice due to flooding. This property has received $91,785.27 in flood loss reimbursement from the NFIP, and the home has been elevated by the owner, to prevent future flood losses.
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Rural Gregg County reported 3 flood events over the past 21 years; no deaths or injuries; $140,000 in property damage was reported to the NCDC. There are no NFIP repetitive-loss properties in rural Gregg County.
In 2014, heavy flooding occurred in the Liberty City area, on Wilkins Road, near Rocky Creek. The road was closed due to flooding. In 2017, Gregg County replaced the Rocky Creek bridge on Wilkins Road, and enlarged the nearby culvert system. Gregg County also replaced another bridge and enlarged the associated culvert system on Fritz- Swanson Road at Rocky Creek (work done in 2017) and on Spinks-Chapman Road at Rabbit Creek (work done in 2016).
Two areas in rural Gregg County remain flood-prone. One is on River Road from Highway 42 to Private Road 3322, alongside the Sabine River. This area floods in times of heavy rain, but is not a candidate for mitigation because there are no homes or other critical infrastructure threatened by the flooding. There is one business on River Road, which has been present for decades; it is a bar which remains closed during times of flood. Highway 42 (a major traffic artery, shown below in purple) is not affected, as it is higher in elevation than River Road, and has a better culvert system.
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The other area in rural Gregg County which is vulnerable to flooding is located on Highway 135 between U.S. 271 and Little Caney Creek. This issue will be resolved when TxDOT completes its planned project to widen Highway 135 from 2 lanes to 5 lanes, increasing the elevation of the roadway, replacing the bridge over Little Caney Creek and enlarging the culvert system there. This project, which is scheduled to begin construction in 2019, should alleviate all flooding issues along Highway 135 and reduce traffic congestion between Gladewater and Kilgore along this route.
ETCOG has not experienced flooding, but because its main office is located in Kilgore, we can expect its vulnerabilities, impacts and future probability to be similar to those seen in the City of Kilgore.
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The HMAP Committee analyzed historic flooding events as reported by the National Climatic Data Center and used personal experience to profile flooding and determined that the potential severity of impact for flood in Gregg County is Minor.
Minor Characteristics:
• Injures and/or illnesses could result in permanent disability;
• Complete shutdown of critical facilities for more than 1 week could occur;
• More than 10% of property likely to be destroyed or suffer major damage.
FLOOD Category Response Potential Severity Minor of Impact Frequency of Once or twice per year, on average Occurrence Probability of Highly Likely Future Events Seasonal Pattern Spring and fall List of Sources FEMA Flood maps National Climatic Data Center historical data County Road Reports detailing roads that have flooded or have potential to flood Probable Duration 1 day up to 2 weeks for water to drain away. Road repair after a flood may take several days to complete. Warning Time 3-6 hours Existing Warning TV, Radio, NOAA warning, Internet, storm watchers, CODE RED or Systems Nixle Potential Affected City and County areas identified on FEMA flood maps and specific Areas areas which have flooded in past incidents, as identified on maps on the preceding pages. Cascading Loss of electricity; Potential Contamination of water supply; Flooded homes or buildings;
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FLOOD Category Response Cascading Road closures; roads damaged; Potential Bridges closed, damaged or washed away; Vehicles damaged or destroyed; People injured or killed in vehicles, or drowned attempting to escape flood waters; Livestock or pets drowned in flood waters; Property damage in low-lying areas; Snakes migrate and mosquitos increase; Debris in transportation paths; Emergency response delays; Disruption of traffic; Impacts to the economy.
Flooding probably will affect some of the local jurisdictions over the next five years, with a likelihood of one or two incidents per year. Most incidents will be “flash floods” occurring during and immediately after prolonged periods of heavy rainfall. Most flooding will be limited to the areas shown on the maps in this section, and the extent will be no greater than 12” deep on level ground. (Magnitude is measured in depth of flood waters in feet or inches.)
NFIP Repetitive-Loss Properties Summary (all residential)
Community Building Contents Name Payments Payments Total Payments Losses Properties Clarksville City $158,332.65 $23,531.32 $181,863.97 2 1 Kilgore $539,852.05 $96,892.25 $636,744.30 35 10 Longview $942,512.41 $164,649.49 $1,107,161.90 53 19 * White Oak $91,785.27 $0.00 $91,785.27 2 1 **
* Nine of these properties have been mitigated by the City, with 2 more scheduled for mitigation within the next five years.
** This property has been mitigated by the owner.
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Dam - Levee Failure
Dam or levee failure is defined as the sudden, uncontrolled release of impounded water typically resulting in downstream flooding, which can affect life and property. Dam or levee failures can result from man-made or natural occurrences such as flooding, earthquakes, blockages, landslides, lack of maintenance, improper operation, poor construction or vandalism. Magnitude for this hazard is measured in depth of flood waters in feet or inches.
The National Inventory of Dams, found on the website of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, lists 7,395 dams in the State of Texas, 24 of those within Gregg County. There are no levees located in any Gregg County jurisdiction, and there is no historical record of dam or levee failure having occurred in any of the Gregg County jurisdictions.
The 2013 Gregg County HMAP Update listed 22 dams located in Gregg County, including 4 with high hazard potential and two with significant hazard potential (see definitions below). The two dams that now appear on the NID list, which were not listed in the previous HMAP update, are Premier Parks Lower Dam #1 and Premier Parks Upper Dam #2. These two dams were built in 2009 for flood control purposes, are privately owned, and of low hazard potential. They are not candidates for mitigation.
The National Inventory of Dams reports a dam’s hazard potential, as accepted by the Interagency Committee on Dam Safety, as one of the following:
1. LOW HAZARD POTENTIAL – Failure or mis-operation results in no probable loss of human life and low economic and/or environmental losses. Losses are principally limited to the owner’s property. Dams which have low hazard potential are not candidates for mitigation, and are not addressed here.
2. SIGNIFICANT HAZARD POTENTIAL – Failure or mis-operation results in no probable loss of human life but can cause economic loss, environment damage, disruption of lifeline facilities, or impact other concerns. These dams may be candidates for mitigation.
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3. HIGH HAZARD POTENTIAL – Failure or mis-operation will probably cause loss of human life. These dams require mitigation, are typically state regulated, and should have individual Emergency Action Plans.
The Gregg County EMC reports that there are 36 dams in Gregg County; each retains a small lake. The 12 dams which are not listed on the NID website are very small dams in rural areas, with low hazard potential (no homes or businesses at risk); these are not candidates for mitigation and are not listed here.
There are no levees in or near Gregg County or any of its Cities. There are no dams posing a threat to Clarksville City, Easton, Gladewater, Kilgore, Lakeport, White Oak or ETCOG.
The 2013 Gregg County HMAP Update listed the following six dams as posing a high or significant hazard potential:
Dam Hazard Owner Height Storage Dam Nearest Name Potential Type (feet) area Type City (acre- feet) Lake High Private 45 101,041 Earth None Cherokee Griffin Significant Private 30 550 Earth None Lake Lake High Private- 17 480 Earth Longview Lamond Public Partnership R & K Lake High Private- 23 160 Earth Longview Public Partnership Shannon High Private 20 25 Earth None Clark Lake Skipper Significant Private 22 126 Earth None Lake Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, National Dam Inventory (http://nid.usace.army.mil/cm_apex/f?p=838:4:0::NO) last accessed May 6, 2018.
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Two dams located within the City of Longview would put lives and property at risk in the event of a dam breach: Lake Lamond Dam and R & K Lake Dam, which is also called Wildwood Lake Dam. Each of these dams has an individual Emergency Action Plan dated July 14, 2015, prepared for the City of Longview by Joe N. Harle, Texas Registered Professional Engineer #42972, of East Texas Engineers, Inc., Longview, Texas. All of the following information about these two dams is derived from the 2015 Emergency Action Plans.
Lake Lamond Dam
Lake Lamond Dam (TX03460) is within the city limits of Longview, Texas, located between West Marshall Ave. (U.S. Hwy 80) and the Union Pacific Railroad track north of West Cotton Street. It is an earthen embankment dam that was constructed in 1909. The dam is 19 feet high, with a top width of 25 to 300 feet, a surface area of 29.5 acres, and a drainage area of 4.84 square miles. Its maximum water capacity is 587 acre-feet.
The Emergency Action Plan for Lake Lamond Dam notes the following issues: The crest of the dam is in good condition with a well-maintained 2-lane local road (Lake Lamond Road). The upstream and downstream slopes of the dam have undesirable vegetation including large and small trees and brush. The upstream slope has erosion damage apparently due to wave action. Bare patches of ground are found on the upstream slope. The spillway concrete weir and discharge channel consists of a substantial mass of rough concrete and rock rubble which is in fair condition. The concrete weir has multiple cracks. A significant scour hole has developed on the downstream side of the concrete weir which could result in undermining of the concrete weir. The scour hole has been armored with concrete and rock rubble. The spillway discharge channel has significant large trees, brush and debris which can inhibit the flow of water through the discharge channel minimizing the effectiveness of the spillway. Scoured and eroded areas have developed around the inlets and outlets of the spillway discharge channel culverts at Lake Lamond
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Road. Previous TCEQ inspection reports have questioned the hydraulic adequacy of the spillway. Additional hydraulic capacity may be required.
Potential inundation area: A dam failure would affect Lake Lamond Road and could potentially damage or destroy several habitable structures along Harris Creek. Further downstream along Grace Creek, a dam failure could potentially affect the Union Pacific Railroad, West Cotton Street, State Highway 31, Sabine Street, FM 1845 (Loop 281) and additional habitable structures. Such an event would cause millions of dollars in property damage.
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The Inundation Map was prepared using the results of a simplified breach analysis. After examining the results of the breach analysis of Lake Lamond Dam, it has been determined that there are a significant number of structures that could be affected by a dam breach. These structures are located along Harris Creek and Grace Creek for a distance of approximately 3.9 stream miles downstream of the Lake Lamond Dam. Harris Creek flows into Grace Creek approximately 0.6 stream miles downstream of Lake Lamond Dam. Flooding along Grace Creek was evaluated assuming a 100-year flood was occurring on Grace Creek concurrent with a breach of Lake Lamond Dam. Flood elevations along Grace Creek, downstream of the Harris Creek confluence, were found to rise as much as 3.1 feet higher than the Grace Creek 100-year flood levels without a concurrent breach of Lake Lamond Dam. At FM 1845 (Loop 281), approximately 3.2 stream miles downstream of the confluence of Harris Creek with Grace Creek, the rise in the Grace Creek 100-year flood level was found to be negligible. The City of Longview can suffer a dramatic impact from a breach in this dam. Water resulting from a breach, and associated damages, will travel up Grace Creek.
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R & K Lake Dam
R and K Lake Dam (TX03460), also known as Wildwood Lake Dam, is within the city limits of Longview, Texas, located along H.G. Mosley Parkway between Owens Parkway and Gilmer Road (State Highway 300). It is an earthen embankment dam that was constructed in 1953. On the dam crest, construction of H. G. Mosley Parkway (Inner Loop) was completed by the City of Longview in 1984. R & K Dam is located on properties owned by the City of Longview, the Wildwood Homeowners Association and an individual. The City of Longview owns the dam crest (between the right-of-way lines) and has a drainage easement for the spillway discharge channel that sits on the property of the said individual property owner. The Wildwood Homeowners Association owns the upstream side of the dam and the lake; the individual owns the downstream side of the dam. The dam is 23 feet high, with a top width of 80 to 200 feet, and is 780 feet long. The lake has a surface area of 18 acres, and a drainage area of one square mile. Its maximum water capacity is 160 acre-feet.
The Emergency Action Plan for R & K Lake Dam (also known as Wildwood Lake Dam) notes the following issues: The crest of the dam is in good condition with adequate grass cover and a well maintained 5-lane local road (H. G. Mosley Parkway). The upstream and downstream slopes of the dam have undesirable vegetation including large and small trees and brush. There is evidence of beaver activity on the upstream slope. The spillway concrete discharge channel has significant amounts of vegetation (grass and trees) growing through construction joints and cracks in the concrete. Multiple holes and large cracks in the concrete reveal erosion and undermining of the concrete. Broken, displaced concrete is located at multiple spots within the discharge channel. Deposited soil is located on the concrete floor up to a depth of 18 inches. Large trees have established themselves in the deposited soil.
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Potential Inundation Area: Angelina Court, Georgia Lane, Faircreek Lane and Stonewall Court along Gilmer Creek and approximately 50 houses along or in the vicinity of these streets. Further downstream along Grace Creek, a dam failure could potentially affect Bill Owens Parkway and East Fairmont Street and additional homes. Such an event would cause millions of dollars in property damage.
The Inundation Map was prepared using the results of a simplified breach analysis. There are a significant number of structures that could be affected by a dam breach. These structures are located along Gilmer Creek and Grace Creek for a distance of approximately 2.1 stream miles downstream of the R & K Dam. Gilmer Creek flows into Grace Creek approximately 0.8 stream miles downstream of R & K Dam. Flooding along Grace Creek was evaluated assuming a 100-year flood was occurring on Grace Creek concurrent with a breach of R & K Dam. Flood elevations along Grace Creek, downstream of the Gilmer
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Creek confluence, were found to rise as much as 2.2 feet higher than the Grace Creek 100-year flood levels without a concurrent breach of R & K Dam. At U. S. Highway 80, approximately 1.3 stream miles downstream of the confluence of Gilmer Creek with Grace Creek, the rise in the Grace Creek 100-year flood level was found to be negligible. The City of Longview can suffer a dramatic impact from a breach in the dam. Water resulting from a breach will travel up Grace Creek.
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Four rural Gregg County dams were listed on the National Inventory of Dams as having significant or high hazard potential: Lake Cherokee Dam and Shannon Clark Dam with high hazard potential and Griffin Lake Dam and Skipper Lake Dam with significant hazard potential.
Lake Cherokee Dam
Lake Cherokee is a privately owned water reservoir and recreation lake on the southeastern edge of Gregg County, with much of the lake in Rusk County, and virtually all of the inundation area (Cherokee Bayou) in Rusk and Harrison Counties. The spillway, about half of the dam, and the northern portion of the lake are in Gregg County. The
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 119 earthen dam, built in 1948, is 45 feet high and almost a mile long (4,988 feet). The lake has a surface area of 877 acres, and the dam typically retains 46,700 acre-feet of water. The following map shows the inundation area in red:
The portion of the inundation area that falls in Gregg County contains no structures. It is undeveloped pasture land, which could contain farm equipment or livestock, but does not pose a threat to human life or to critical infrastructure. The Lake Cherokee Dam is classified as high risk because of the potential to inundate houses outside of Gregg County, but within the boundaries of Gregg County it poses no risk to population or critical infrastructure, and is therefore not a candidate for mitigation in Gregg County.
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Shannon Clark Lake Dam
Shannon Clark Lake is a privately owned recreation lake. The earthen dam, built in 2000, is 20 feet high and 186 feet long. The lake is very small, containing only 25 acre-feet of water, and is quite shallow at the south end, which is fed by a creek. The satellite photo below shows the lake and its surrounding area. The blue dot signifies the location of the dam. Any excess water would drain into the creek bed at the south end of the lake, and would not pose a danger to the nearby homes. This dam is not a candidate for mitigation.
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Griffin Lake Dam
Griffin Lake is a privately owned irrigation lake. The earthen dam, built in 1953, is 30 feet high and 600 feet long. The lake has a surface area of 26 acres, and the dam typically retains 550 acre-feet of water. There is a natural, uncontrolled 65-foot wide spillway which allows overflow to drain into the surrounding forested pasture land and along an existing creek bed. The dam was inspected on May 7, 2014, and has an Emergency Action Plan dated August 20, 2012. Although listed on the NID as having “significant hazard potential,” this dam is not a candidate for mitigation, as there are no roads or structures in the inundation area. The following satellite photo shows the lake and its surrounding area. The blue dot shows the location of the spillway, at the eastern end of the dam. Note the path of the creek bed to the south, leading to another, much smaller lake.
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Skipper Lake Dam
Skipper Lake is a privately owned recreation lake. The earthen dam, built in 1965, is 22 feet high and 614 feet long; it was last modified in 1995. The owners have an Emergency Action Plan on file. The lake contains 126 acre-feet of water. It has an uncontrolled spillway which is 90 feet wide. Although listed on the NID as having “significant hazard potential,” this dam is not a candidate for mitigation. The satellite photo below shows the lake and its surrounding area. The red lines represent the possible inundation area. There are two houses which possibly could be affected by rising water in the event of a dam breach, but the inundation area is more likely to be quite shallow, spreading over a wide area of undeveloped land and causing no lasting damage.
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DAM-LEVEE FAILURE Category Response Potential Severity Varies from Limited to Substantial, depending on the dam location of Impact and the amount of water released. Frequency of Unlikely Occurrence Probability of Unlikely Future Events Seasonal Pattern Most likely to happen in spring or fall, after heavy rains. List of Sources U.S. Army Corps of Engineers National Inventory of Dams; individual dam Emergency Action Plans. Probable Duration 1 day up to 2 weeks for water to drain away. Road repair after a dam failure could take several months to complete. Warning Time 3-6 hours Existing Warning CODE RED or Nixle Systems Potential Affected City of Longview only, specific areas as identified on the maps on Areas the preceding pages. Cascading Flooded homes or buildings; Potential Road closures; roads damaged; Bridges closed, damaged or washed away; Vehicles damaged or destroyed; People injured or killed in vehicles, or drowned attempting to escape flood waters; Livestock or pets drowned in flood waters; Property damage in low-lying areas; Snakes migrate and mosquitos increase; Debris in transportation paths; Emergency response delays; Disruption of traffic; Impacts to the economy.
Dam Failure is a hazard to be mitigated by the City of Longview only, and specific to the two dams identified above. Each dam has a current Emergency Action Plan and is regularly inspected and maintained, so failure is unlikely.
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Extreme Heat
Extreme Heat is defined as “temperatures that are 10° or more above the normal average high temperature.” The dangerous effects of extreme heat are compounded by the addition of high humidity, which is common in northeast Texas. Extreme heat is dangerous because heat stroke and dehydration may occur when people work outdoors in hot, humid conditions. It is also especially dangerous for babies, young children, the elderly, the disabled, and low income families which cannot afford air conditioning, or cannot afford to pay the utility bills if air conditioning is used.
From 1999 to 2010, a total of 7,415 deaths in the United States, an average of 618 per year, were associated with exposure to excessive natural heat. (Source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6136a6.htm last accessed May 18, 2018.) In Texas from 1990 to 2017, 120 infants and children died after being left in hot cars. (Source: https://patch.com/texas/across-tx/hot-car- deaths-how-many-kids-have-died-texas last accessed May 18, 2018.) These deaths are 100% preventable. There is no record of any death in Gregg County due to Extreme Heat. While heat and humidity occur throughout east Texas, there is no specific historical record which documents the past occurrences of Extreme Heat in any of the Gregg County jurisdictions.
The Texas Department of State Health Services website offers the following information about heat-related illness:
Symptoms of heat illness include heavy sweating, muscle cramps, weakness, dizziness, nausea, weak but rapid pulse, and headaches. People with these symptoms should find shade, drink water slowly and make sure there is good ventilation.
If fluids are not replaced soon enough, heat stroke can follow causing extremely high body temperature, red and dry skin, rapid pulse, confusion, brain damage, loss of
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 125 consciousness and death. To help a person showing severe symptoms, get the victim into shade, call for emergency medical services and start cooling the person immediately with cool water or by fanning.
Staying in an air-conditioned area, either at home or in a public place such as a mall, library or recreation center, is the most effective way to combat heat. If air conditioning is not available, pull the shades over the windows and use cross-ventilation and fans to cool rooms.
A cool shower or bath also is an effective way to cool off. Limit the use of stoves and ovens to keep home temperatures lower. Children especially can quickly become dehydrated. They need to drink fluids frequently, especially water, and wear light-colored, loose-fitting clothes. Avoid drinks that are heavily sweetened or contain caffeine. Check on children often, especially if they are playing outside in high temperatures.
Other heat precautions include:
• Never leave anyone in a closed, parked vehicle during hot weather, even for a short time. Infants and the elderly or disabled are particularly at risk.
• Drink plenty of fluids but avoid drinks with alcohol, caffeine or a lot of sugar. Start drinking fluids before going out into the heat.
• Plan strenuous outdoor activity for early morning or evening when the temperature is lower.
• Take frequent breaks when working outside.
• Wear sun block, hats and light-colored, loose-fitting clothes.
• Stay indoors in air conditioning as much as possible.
• Eat more frequently, but be sure meals are well balanced and light.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 126
• Don’t dress infants in heavy clothing or wrap them in blankets.
• Check frequently on the elderly and those who are ill or may need help.
• Check with a doctor about the effects of sun and heat when taking prescription drugs, especially diuretics or antihistamines.
• At first signs of heat illness – dizziness, nausea, headaches, muscle cramps – move to a cooler place, rest a few minutes, then slowly drink a cool beverage. Seek medical attention immediately if conditions do not improve.
The best defense against heat-related illness is prevention. Staying cool, drinking plenty of fluids, wearing cool clothing and monitoring outdoor activities are keys to staying healthy in hot weather. (Source: http://dshs.texas.gov/preparedness/ factsheet_heat.shtm Last updated May 15, 2018.)
The National Weather Service Heat Index table, reproduced below, shows how the interaction of high relative humidity and high temperatures creates rising danger of heat- related illness or death. If the outdoor temperature is 90°F with 95% humidity, then the heat index is in the “extreme danger” zone. At 92°F the “extreme danger” zone is reached at 85% humidity.
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Current heat index information for Gregg County may be found online at: https://forecast.weather.gov/MapClick.php?site=SHV&lat=32.5177&lon=- 94.7623#.WvyYUiAh3IU
Heat index forecasts may be found online at: http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/heat_index_MAX.shtml
The map below is a sample heat index forecast for June 30, 2018, as accessed on June 27, 2018.
The graph on the next page shows the average temperature and average rainfall (indicating humidity) in Longview, which is representative of all of Gregg County. As shown by this chart, the average temperature is at or above 90°F from mid-June to mid-
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September, with 3 to 5 inches of rain expected each of those months. This hot and humid climate affects all Gregg County jurisdictions. However, there is no record of any death in Gregg County due to Extreme Heat, and there is no specific historical record which documents the past occurrences of Extreme Heat in any of the Gregg County jurisdictions.
Source: https://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/longview/texas/united-states/ ustx0793 last accessed May 18, 2018; based on historical data from 1981 – 2010.
The following table summarizes average weather data collected at Gregg County Airport (near Longview) from 1985 - 2015.
Month Average High Average Average Heat Index Temperature Median Humidity Temperature June 90ۣ° F 80° F 68% 82 - 105 July 94° F 84° F 65% 89 - 114 August 95° F 84° F 63% 88 - 115 September 89° F 77° F 66% 80 – 101
Source: https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/usa/longview/climate, last accessed May 18, 2018.
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All Gregg County jurisdictions are likely to experience days each summer when the heat index is in the “extreme danger” zone. However, there is no record of any death due to Extreme Heat, and no historical record documenting past occurrences of Extreme Heat in any of the Gregg County jurisdictions.
EXTREME HEAT Category Response Potential Severity Minor of Impact Frequency of Several days per year, on average, which may increase due to Occurrence climate change. Probability of Highly Likely Future Events Seasonal Pattern May to September, when heat and humidity coincide to raise the heat index to “extreme danger” levels. List of Sources CDC, DSHS, internet research, past events. Probable Duration 1 day up to 2 weeks Warning Time Forecasts up to 10 days in advance Existing Warning TV, Radio, NOAA warning, Internet, CODE RED or Nixle Systems Potential Affected All jurisdictions are potentially at risk. The homeless, the poor, Areas anyone who does not have or cannot afford to operate home air conditioning, people with chronic illness, young children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable. However, there is no record of any death in Gregg County due to Extreme Heat, and there is no specific historical record which documents the past occurrences of Extreme Heat in any of the Gregg County jurisdictions. Cascading Local hospitals / clinics could be overrun with many cases of heat Potential stroke / heat exhaustion. Homeless shelters could be filled to capacity and experience greater than usual demand for space, as the homeless who normally live in tents seek to escape extreme heat. In times of drought that coincide with extreme heat, drinking water could be in short supply in some areas.
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ASSESSING VULNERABILITY
Tornado, Wind Storm, Hail Storm, Lightning, Severe Winter Storm, Extreme Heat and Drought all have a county-wide impact, which could potentially affect all jurisdictions. Wildfire can be expected anywhere in the rural county, and may encroach upon any of the cities, but is a more serious threat in certain areas, as previously described and mapped (see pages 83 to 91). Only certain specific areas are at risk from Flood (see pages 98 to 104) or Dam-Levee Failure (see pages 112 to 122), as previously described and mapped.
Tornado and Wind Storm
While a tornado would be devastating to any populated area, mobile homes, manufactured housing and RV parks are especially vulnerable to tornados and windstorms. The following table shows U.S. Census estimates of the number of occupied mobile homes and RVs in each of the subject jurisdictions.
Jurisdiction Occupied Mobile Occupied RV, Total Occupied Homes van, boat, etc. vulnerable units Clarksville City 109 0 109 Easton 85 0 85 Gladewater 74 0 74 Kilgore 487 0 487 Lakeport 111 0 111 Longview 1,470 31 1,501 White Oak 299 0 299 ETCOG 0 0 0 Gregg County 2,218 20 2,238
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The map below shows where mobile home parks are located in the Gregg County jurisdictions.
One death occurred during a 56-knot wind storm on March 11, 2018, at a mobile home park in Longview, when a large oak tree was uprooted and fell on a mobile home, crushing much of the home and killing a man inside.
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The following table gives details of the size and location of mobile home parks in Gregg County, which are especially vulnerable to tornados and windstorms.
Name Address Number of Units Gladewater Antique Capital RV Park 500 S. Loop 485, Gladewater 114 Shallow Creek RV Park 54261 SH 135, Gladewater 63 Country Village Mobile Home 210 Sypert, Gladewater 36 Park Homeplace RV Park 138 Texas St., Gladewater 56 Woodside Mobile Home Park 5707 FM 1252, Gladewater 12 Oakwood Mobile Home Park Oakwood Ln., Gladewater 46 Fox Creek RV Park PR 3707, Gladewater 14 Longview Avenue B Mobile Home Park 511 Ave. B, Longview 10 Gum Springs RV Park 2532 Gum Springs Rd., 56 Longview C&C Mobile Home Park 2500 Lafamo Rd., Longview 31 Comfort Lake Village Mobile 602 Jordan Valley Rd., Longview 33 Home Park Darby Mobile Home Park 1008 Delia Dr., Longview 7 Dunford Mobile Home Park 309 Hudson Ave., Longview 8 Eastman Villa Mobile Home Park 816 S. Eastman Rd., Longview 62 Eden Park Drive Mobile Home 1705 Eden Dr., Longview 39 Park Flamingo Mobile Home Park 2501 Pine Tree Rd., Longview 150 Town and Country Mobile Home 608 W. Harrison Rd., Longview 25 Park Hilton Mobile Home Park 2501 Lafamo Rd., Longview 2 Live Oak Mobile Home Park 5805 Old Hwy. 80, Longview 16 Lone Star Mobile Home Park 1910 Jane St., Longview 34 Park 80 East Mobile Home Park 2900 E. Marshall Ave., Longview 12 Preston Place Mobile Home Park 2908 Gilmer Rd., Longview 8 Shady Lane Mobile Home Park 102 Marty Dr., Longview 22 Skylark Mobile Home Park 111 Breland, Longview 16 South Green Mobile Home Park 2107 S. Green St., Longview 16 Valentine Mobile Home Park 808 Memphis St., Longview 120 Village Mobile Home Park 2420 Page Rd., Longview 18
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Name Address Number of Units Camp Coles RV Park 1910 Gum Springs Rd., 26 Longview Big Oak Mobile Home Park 3300 Lansing Switch Rd., 253 Longview Fernbrook RV Park 2073 FM 2011, Longview 83 North Point RV Park 7552 N. US Hwy. 259, Longview 39 Secluded Acres Mobile Home 5421 SH 300, Longview 22 Park Shady Pines RV Park 1708 Gum Springs Rd., 21 Longview Whistlestop Mobile Home Park 1111 W. Sabine St., Longview 38 Pineridge RV Park 1060 W. I-20 Access Rd., 25 Longview Roberts River Ridge RV Park 2102 FM 2906, Longview 28 Seven Pines RV Park 5448 SH 300, Longview 19 Riverside RV Park 3711 SH 42, Longview 38 Western Villa Mobile Home Park 4522 W. Loop 281, Longview 157 Oak Grove Acres Mobile Home 705 Delia Dr., Longview 33 Park Pine Forest Mobile Home 110 Traci Lynn St., Longview 51 Community Sampley Mobile Home Park 1508 W. Fairmont, Longview 18 Spring Hill Mobile Home Park 4000 Burks Rd., Longview 31 Stone Oaks Mobile Home Park 3001 Graystone Rd., Longview 36 Sun Belt Mobile Home Park 1203 E SH 31, Longview 53 Town House Mobile Home Park 2906 Estes Pkwy., Longview 30 United RV Park 218 Thomas Rd., Longview 13 349 West RV Park 9281 FM 349 Longview 34 Big Woods Mobile Home Park N. Walnut Lane, Longview 16 N. 300 Mobile Home Park 5734 N. Hwy. 300, Longview 88 Triple A Estates Mobile Home 5101 Estes Pkwy., Longview 85 Park Pinewood RV Park 156 FM 2011, Longview 23 Gentry RV Park 1051 Gardner-Mitchell Pkwy., 22 Longview 1844 RV Park 4765 FM 1844 Longview 7 Quiet Acres RV Park Coulter Rd., Gilmer 11 Camp Coles RV Park 1910 Gum Springs Rd., 26 Longview
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Name Address Number of Units Big Oak Mobile Home Park 3300 Lansing Switch Rd., 253 Longview Fernbrook RV Park 2073 FM 2011, Longview 83 North Point RV Park 7552 N. US Hwy. 259, Longview 39 Secluded Acres Mobile Home 5421 SH 300, Longview 22 Park Shady Pines RV Park 1708 Gum Springs Rd., 21 Longview Whistlestop Mobile Home Park 1111 W. Sabine St., Longview 38 Pineridge RV Park 1060 W. I-20 Access Rd., 25 Longview Roberts River Ridge RV Park 2102 FM 2906, Longview 28 Seven Pines RV Park 5448 SH 300, Longview 19 Riverside RV Park 3711 SH 42, Longview 38 Western Villa Mobile Home Park 4522 W. Loop 281, Longview 157 Oak Grove Acres Mobile Home 705 Delia Dr., Longview 33 Park Pine Forest Mobile Home 110 Traci Lynn St., Longview 51 Community Sampley Mobile Home Park 1508 W. Fairmont, Longview 18 Spring Hill Mobile Home Park 4000 Burks Rd., Longview 31 Stone Oaks Mobile Home Park 3001 Graystone Rd., Longview 36 Sun Belt Mobile Home Park 1203 E SH 31, Longview 53 Town House Mobile Home Park 2906 Estes Pkwy., Longview 30 United RV Park 218 Thomas Rd., Longview 13 349 West RV Park 9281 FM 349 Longview 34 Big Woods Mobile Home Park N. Walnut Lane, Longview 16 N. 300 Mobile Home Park 5734 N. Hwy. 300, Longview 88 Triple A Estates Mobile Home 5101 Estes Pkwy., Longview 85 Park Pinewood RV Park 156 FM 2011, Longview 23 Gentry RV Park 1051 Gardner-Mitchell Pkwy., 22 Longview 1844 RV Park 4765 FM 1844 Longview 7 Quiet Acres RV Park Coulter Rd., Gilmer 11
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Another specific vulnerability which has been identified at the regional level is the issue of two major regional hospitals and many other medical facilities being clustered in a single “medical mile” in Longview, which could be disastrous if a tornado hit both hospitals. This issue has been addressed by the addition of two new ER facilities, but greater capacity is needed as the region continues to grow. The map below shows the locations of the hospitals and clinics in Longview.
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Hail Storm
According to the US Census Bureau, approximately 55.83% of the residential structures in Gregg County were built before 1980. These structures would typically be built to lower or less stringent construction standards than newer construction and may be more susceptible to damage during significant hail events. The following table gives details of hail vulnerability for each participating jurisdiction.
Jurisdiction Number of % Built before Number of Residential 1980 Residences Structures Vulnerable to Hail Clarksville City 380 50.8% 193 Easton 190 35.26% 67 Gladewater 3,002 71.78% 2,155 Kilgore 5,706 64.77% 3,696 Lakeport 486 45.3% 220 Longview 33,934 59.1% 20,057 White Oak 2,426 55.98% 1,358 ETCOG 0 0 0 Gregg County 5,073 55.83% 2,832
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.x html?pid=ACS_16_5YR_B25034&prodType=table Last accessed May 19, 2018.
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Lightning
Tall buildings, buildings with flagpoles or antennas on the roof or nearby, and buildings with nearby tall trees are vulnerable to lightning. The 105 registered FCC tower locations in Gregg County are also particularly vulnerable to lightning, which could cause service interruption and thousands of dollars in damage if a tower was struck. The map below shows the locations of these towers.
Source: https://www.homefacts.com/fcctowers/Texas/Gregg-County.html last accessed May 19, 2018.
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Severe Winter Storm
Severe Winter Storm affects all Gregg County jurisdictions, but its effects are particularly dangerous for the homeless, the indigent, the disabled, and elderly people who live alone. No reliable information exists to quantify the numbers of homeless individuals in each local jurisdiction, because such persons avoid contact with census takers and officials, and because homeless populations are highly likely to be transient. People with no home and no job tend to move often, seeking a better climate or better social services or a more favorable job market. The Highway 80 Rescue Mission in Longview offers shelter to men, women and families who are homeless and in need of help. They offer 175 beds each night, which are usually full during bad weather. The Salvation Army, other charities and local churches also offer limited assistance to individuals and families who need temporary shelter.
Throughout Gregg County, about 10.5% of adults under age 65 are disabled, and about 17% live in poverty. For more details about populations at risk, please see the table on the next page, which details vulnerable populations for each of the participating jurisdictions. (The same groups are also at risk for extreme heat.)
Severe Winter Storms frequently contribute to traffic accidents, and may result in power outages which may continue for a few hours or for several days. Loss of power can be deadly to patients on life-support, patients requiring oxygen, and other fragile or high- risk populations. Generators and other alternative power sources may be used, but are expensive to install and operate, and require regular maintenance, which may be difficult to obtain by those who are elderly, disabled, or without financial resources.
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Extreme Heat
Extreme Heat affects all jurisdictions, but it is especially dangerous for babies, young children, the elderly, the disabled, and low income families which cannot afford air conditioning. The following table gives details of the most vulnerable populations for each of the subject jurisdictions.
Jurisdiction Population Population Disabled Low Total at under age age 65 and population Income high risk 5 over under 65 Population Clarksville 69 80 147 94 390 City (7.7%) Easton 149 0 129 78 356 (19.9%) Gladewater 1,649 540 1,012 728 3,929 (23.8%) Kilgore 2,389 1,187 2,077 1,558 7,211 (16.1%) Lakeport 165 55 188 109 517 (15.9%) Longview 15,488 6,377 11,098 8,696 41,661 (18.7%) White Oak 1,412 505 677 671 3,265 (22.1%) ETCOG 0 0 0 0 0 Gregg 1,758 728 1.311 1,020 4.817 County (18.1%)
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Drought
Drought is experienced over large areas, typically affecting the entire county and all cities at the same time. However, the effects of drought cause great economic damage to rural areas where crops are destroyed, timber stands die for lack of water, and livestock are sold off due to the high cost or unavailability of hay and forage crops. Drought also causes economic hardship to horticulture businesses, and water rationing may be required in some cities. Drought is a contributing factor to destructive and deadly wildfires, and causes lost recreational revenues when lakes, rivers and creeks dry up. The City of Longview is less vulnerable to drought than most other urban jurisdictions, because it has three independent water sources which are capable of meeting all anticipated needs for the next five years or longer. The City of Easton and the City of Lakeport do not manage a municipal water supply system; residents of these cities purchase water from a cooperative. Therefore, the City of Easton and the City of Lakeport do not choose to mitigate drought by requiring water conservation at certain times, as these cities have no practical means of rationing water use or forcing reduced water usage. Drought does not directly affect ETCOG. The subject jurisdictions most likely to be affected by drought are rural Gregg County and the Cities of Clarksville City, Gladewater, Kilgore and White Oak.
Wildfire, Flood, and Dam-Levee Failure
Wildfire can be expected anywhere in the rural county, and may encroach upon any of the cities, but is a more serious threat in certain areas, as previously described and mapped (see pages 85 to 91). Only certain specific areas are at risk from Flood (see pages 98 to 106) or Dam-Levee Failure (see pages 114 to 119), as previously described and mapped.
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ANALYZING DEVELOPMENT TRENDS – CITY OF CLARKSVILLE CITY
The City of Clarksville City has grown slightly in population in the last 10 years. Approximately three to five families per year move to Clarksville City, but there is no specific growth pattern or direction in which the City is growing. Clarksville City has retained a certified engineer to make decisions regarding development within the floodplain, which is restricted.
ANALYZING DEVELOPMENT TRENDS – CITY OF EASTON
The City of Easton has experienced no new development over the past five years. No structures have been built in the floodplain, which is restricted. The City plans to work with the local water cooperative to upgrade all water mains in the city from 2” diameter pipe to 6” diameter pipe, and install fire hydrants along the path of the upgraded water system. This project, when completed, will lower the ISO rating for the City of Easton.
ANALYZING DEVELOPMENT TRENDS – CITY OF GLADEWATER
The City of Gladewater uses zoning as a means of regulating local land use to promote quality development to ensure the health, safety, and welfare of the public. The City also has its own floodplain regulations to ensure that restrictions are placed on new development within the floodplain to avoid flooding issues.
The City has a Capital Improvements Program, which continually implements specific infrastructure upgrades and repair projects that contribute to mitigation efforts. The historic downtown area was recently beautified and should attract increased retail traffic in the future. The population of Gladewater has grown by about 7.5% since 2010. In the past five years, approximately 45 new homes have been built in the City of Gladewater, at a total value of over $4.6 million.
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ANALYZING DEVELOPMENT TRENDS – CITY OF KILGORE
Since the last HMAP update, the City of Kilgore has annexed 1,003 acres on the north side of the city, adding approximately two miles of Interstate 20 into the city limits (mile markers 587 to 589). During this time, the City has added 41 new commercial buildings with a total value of $16,349,482 and 42 new residential buildings with a total value of $5,247,280. There has been no development in the floodplain, which is restricted. The City of Kilgore has a comprehensive plan that was created in May of 1965, which is reviewed and updated annually.
ANALYZING DEVELOPMENT TRENDS – CITY OF LAKEPORT
The City of Lakeport welcomed one new business within the past five years: Bailey’s Ace Hardware, a new 10,500 square foot store, scheduled to open in July of 2018. One new residence was built in 2013, and one in 2014; other than these three construction projects, Lakeport has experienced no new development over the past five years. No structures have been built in the floodplain.
ANALYZING DEVELOPMENT TRENDS – CITY OF LONGVIEW
From January 1, 2014, through December 31, 2017, the City of Longview added 93 new commercial buildings with a total valuation of $277,389,641. In the same time period, the City of Longview added 573 new residential structures with a total value of $111,351,696. There has been no development in the floodplain, which is restricted.
On March 12, 2015, the City of Longview adopted a Comprehensive Plan which includes an updated Future Land Use map and a recommendation to adopt a modest Annexation Plan. Possible expansion areas identified in the plan include areas north of Loop 281 and west of US-259; north of US-80 along 281; and a stretch of acreage north of Eastman Chemical Company and south of I-20. Since the last HMAP update, the City of Longview
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 143 has annexed several acres on the north side of the city, along McCann Road to FM 1844, and from FM 1844 east to Judson Road, then south to George Richey Road, then east to U.S. Hwy 259. The City of Longview is divided into twenty-two (22) Zoning Districts:
A Agricultural District
SF-1 One-Family Dwelling District
SF-2 One-Family Dwelling District
SF-3 One-Family Dwelling District
SF-4 One-Family Dwelling District
SF-5 One-Family Dwelling District
TF-1 Two-Family Dwelling District
TF-2 Two-Family Dwelling District
TF-3 Two-Family Dwelling District
MF-1 Multiple-Family Dwelling District
MF-2 Multiple-Family Dwelling District
MF-3 Multiple-Family Dwelling District
P Parking District
O Office District
NS Neighborhood Service District
GR General Retail
C-1 Light Commercial District
C-2 Heavy Commercial District
CB Central Business District
I-1 Light Industrial District
1-2 Heavy Industrial District
PD Planned Development District
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In 2019, the City of Longview anticipates the adoption of a Unified Development Code. This may result in the addition of new zoning districts, as well as the deletion or consolidation of others.
ANALYZING DEVELOPMENT TRENDS – CITY OF WHITE OAK
The City of White Oak is adjacent to the City of Longview, and much of what occurs in Longview directly affects the City of White Oak. White Oak uses zoning as a means of regulating local land use to promote quality development to ensure the health, safety, and welfare of the public. The City also has floodplain regulations to ensure that there will be no new development within the floodplain, to avoid compounding the flooding issues.
The City of White Oak has a 1999 Comprehensive Plan. The City does not have a Capital Improvements Program. This revised HMAP will be used as a tool in implementing hazard mitigation measures and development programs.
The City of White Oak has grown slightly in population, which lends itself favorably towards new development. The City is currently experiencing new development on the north side of town. There is no development pressure within or along the floodplain, and there are no land uses contributing to or enhancing the flood hazard.
ANALYZING DEVELOPMENT TRENDS – RURAL GREGG COUNTY
Rural Gregg County has grown significantly over the past five years, with the addition of one new automobile dealership (Peters Chevrolet, on U.S. Hwy. 259 North, just north of the Longview city limits) and 211 new homes. There is no new development in the floodplain, which is restricted.
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Year constructed Number of Homes Total Value 2014 31 $11,877,380 2015 61 $17,428,940 2016 45 $14,547,270 2017 31 $8,719,130 2018 43 $11,542,620
ANALYZING DEVELOPMENT TRENDS – ETCOG
ETCOG has neither built nor purchased any new buildings over the past five years, and has no plans to develop any real estate affecting the floodplain over the next five years.
The following table lists critical infrastructure for all the Gregg County jurisdictions.
Critical Infrastructure Location Description
(Longview, TX) Gregg County Courthouse 101 E Methvin St Courthouse Amtrak Station 905 Pacific St Railroad Station WASTEWATER 5211 W LOOP 281 Wastewater Treatment TREATMENT PLANT Plant LAKE O' THE PINES 2091 FM 1844 Water Treatment Facility WATER TREATMENT PLANT SABINE RIVER WATER 1400 SWINGING BRIDGE Water Treatment Facility TREATMENT PLANT RD CHEROKEE WATER 3512 MLK BL Water Treatment Facility TREATMENT PLANT Longview City Hall 300 W Cotton St Municipal Longview Fire Department 200 S Center St Municipal: Fire Station - Station 1 Longview Fire Department 708 N Eastman Rd Municipal: Fire Station - Station 2 Longview Fire Department 1133 E Birdsong St Municipal: Fire Station - Station 3
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Critical Infrastructure Location Description
(Longview, TX) Longview Fire Department 2022 E George Richey Rd Municipal: Fire Station - Station 4 Longview Fire Department 102 W Niblick St Municipal: Fire Station - Station 5 Longview Fire Department 2808 McCann Rd Municipal: Fire Station - Station 6 Longview Fire Department 2811 Gilmer Rd Municipal: Fire Station - Station 7 Longview Fire Department 4508 McCann Rd Municipal: Fire Station - Station 8 Longview Police 301 W Cotton St Municipal: Police Station Department SWEPCO 1001 MLK Blvd Utilities: Electric SWEPCO 127 Gilmer Rd Utilities: Electric SWEPCO 4808 Farmer Rd Utilities: Electric SWEPCO Airline Rd / Hollybrook Dr Utilities: Electric SWEPCO 5611 Old Hwy 80 Utilities: Electric SWEPCO 513 Delia Dr Utilities: Electric SWEPCO 821 E Cotton St Utilities: Electric Gregg County Precinct 1 1179 FM 449 County Maintenance facility – Road & Bridge Gregg County Precinct 3 6174 FM 2206 County Maintenance facility – Road & Bridge (Kilgore, TX) Gregg County Precinct 4 710 W.S. MLK Blvd. County Maintenance Kilgore, TX 75663 facility – Road & Bridge Kilgore Surface Water 3901 FM 349 $8,000,000 Treatment Plant Kilgore Waste Water 2701 Angeline St $8,000,000 Treatment Plant Kilgore Water Pressure 2600 block of State $1,000,000 Station (new Highway 135 N infrastructure) Kilgore Water / Rabbit 3600 block of U.S. $1,000,000 Creek lift station Highway 259 North Business Kilgore Water Tower 1200 block of Danville Rd $2,000,000
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Critical Infrastructure Location Description
(Kilgore, TX) Kilgore Water Tower 1200 block of E North St $2,000,000 Kilgore Water Tower 500 block of E Rusk St $2,000,000 Kilgore Fire Station # 1 2205 State Highway 42 N $4,000,000 (also includes Kilgore Dispatch Center and Public Safety Training Center) - Kilgore Fire Station # 2 2200 S Henderson Blvd $2,000,000 Kilgore Fire Station # 3 3500 Stone Rd $2,000,000 Kilgore EMS Station 509 State Highway 31 W $1,000,000 (currently leased by Champion EMS) Kilgore Rescue Station 1903 Broadway Blvd $1,000,000 Kilgore Police Department 909 N Kilgore St $10,000,000 and Municipal Jail
The following table lists vulnerable and high-risk facilities for all the Gregg County jurisdictions.
Vulnerable Facility: Address: Number Evacuation at Risk Requirements: Buses--Ambulances SCHOOLS: Longview ISD LONGVIEW, TEXAS Bramlette STEAM 111 Tupelo Drive 504 Yes No Academy 903-803-5600 JL Everhart Magnet 2919 Tryon Road 616 Yes No Elementary 903-803-5400 Forest Park Magnet 1644 N. Eastman Road 546 Yes No School 903-446-2510 East Texas Montessori 400 N. Eastman Road 1,125 Yes No Prep Academy 903-381-2200 Foster Middle School 1504 MLK Blvd. 813 Yes No 903-446-2710 Judson STEAM 5745 Judson Rd. 566 Yes No Academy 903-446-2610
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Vulnerable Facility: Address: Number Evacuation at Risk Requirements: Buses--Ambulances LEAD Academy HS 410 S. Green St. 133 Yes No 903-381-3921 Longview High School 201 E. Tomlinson Pkwy. 2,356 Yes No 903-663-1301 Johnston-McQueen 422 FM 2751 741 Yes No Elementary School 903-803-5300 Hudson Elementary 1311 Lilly St. 646 Yes No 903-803-5100 Ned E. Williams 5230 Estes Pkwy. 450 Yes No Elementary 903-803-5500 South Ward Elementary 1011 S. Mobberly 441 Yes No 903-803-5200 Ware Elementary 601 W. Garfield 526 Yes No 903-803-5700 Early Childhood 510 S. MLK 164 Yes No Office/Playing for Keeps 903-803-5900 Pine Tree ISD LONGVIEW, TEXAS Pine Tree Primary 1808 Silver Falls Rd. 500 Yes No School 903-295-5095 Birch Elementary School 815 Birch Dr. 700 Yes No 903-295-5120 Parkway Elementary 601 Pine Tree Parkway 700 Yes No 903-295-5151 Pine Tree Middle School 600 Pine Tree Parkway 800 Yes No 903-295-5160 Pine Tree 1701 Pine Tree Rd. 450 Yes No Administration and 903-295-5130 PACE Pine Tree Junior High 2100 NW Loop 281 900 Yes No School 903-295-5081 Pine Tree High School 1005 W. Fairmont 1,100 Yes No and ExCEL 903-295-5031 Spring Hill ISD LONGVIEW, TEXAS Spring Hill Primary 2700 Spring Hill Rd. 500 Yes No School 903-323-7848 Spring Hill Intermediate 3211 Spring Hill Rd. 300 Yes No School 903-323-7701
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 149
Vulnerable Facility: Address: Number Evacuation at Risk Requirements: Buses--Ambulances Spring Hill Junior High 3103 Spring Hill Rd. 300 Yes No School 903-323-7718 Spring Hill High School 2800 E. George Richey Rd. 500 Yes No 903-446-3300 Other Schools LONGVIEW, TEXAS ABC Sonshine School 202 W. Niblick St. 43 Yes No 903-759-6365 Applewood Academy 1512 JUDSON RD 118 Yes No and Day Care Center 903-753-3737 Asbury House Child 320 S CENTER ST 58 Yes No Enrichment Center 903-758-7062 First Step 2307 KINGSTON DR 96 Yes No 903-295-9999 Garrett Tender Loving 1602 S MOBBERLY AVE 88 Yes No Care Learning Center 903-757-6080 Handprints Child Care 3902 GILMER RD 180 Yes No 14 903-212-5552 Happy Hippopotamus 2603 W MARSHALL AVE 219 Yes No Daycare Academy 903-753-4477 Happy Hippopotamus 1700 N EASTMAN RD 115 Yes No Daycare Academy East 903-236-7777 Happy Hippopotamus 3833 GILMER RD 97 Yes No Daycare Academy of 903-759-4477 Spring Hill House of Tots Creative 434 S CENTER ST 45 Yes No School 903-757-5753 Jordan Country Day 1208 PINE TREE RD 120 Yes No School 903-759-3085 Kandyland Kampus 115 TUPELO DR 83 Yes No Preschool 903-758-8247 Kid Connection 200 PINE TREE RD903- 47 Yes No Preschool 759-4630 Alpine Christian 610 E. Loop 281 250 Yes No Academy 903-758-4995 Christian Heritage 2715 FM 1844 354 Yes No School of Longview 903-663-4151 Crisman Preparatory 2455 N. Eastman Rd. 50 Yes No School 903-758-9741
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Vulnerable Facility: Address: Number Evacuation at Risk Requirements: Buses--Ambulances Longview Child 1230 S. High St. <200 Yes No Development Center 903-758-3861 Longview Christian 1236 Pegues Place 375 Yes No School 903-297-3501 Noahs Ark Learning 1809 ALPINE RD 103 Yes No Center at Alpine 903-232-2295 Oak Forest Montessori 2000 Greenleaf 200 Yes No School 903-297-0634 Oakland Heights Baptist 1607 JUDSON RD 100 Yes No Church Family Life 903-753-9578 Oakland Heights CDC 1600 JUDSON RD 131 Yes No 903-753-1592 Prep School 720 N 6TH ST 85 Yes No 903-758-0320 Presbyterian Childrens 301 N CENTER ST 110 Yes No Center 903-757-8672 Primary Colors 3605 GILMER RD 104 Yes No Preschool 1 903-297-9494 Primary Colors 1901 TOLER RD 128 Yes No Preschool 2 903-297-9595 School For Little 400 N FREDONIA ST 215 Yes No Children 903-753-3121 See Saw Children's 1601 W FAIRMONT ST 60 Yes No Place - Afterschool 903-759-7403 See Saw Children's 111 TUPELO DR 40 Yes No Place - Bramlette 903-803-5631 See Saw Children's 1450 W FAIRMONT ST 75 Yes No Place - Fairmont 903-759-1726 See Saw Childrens 400 N EASTMAN RD 70 Yes No Place- Afterschool: 903-235-5042 Montessori Sharons Kid Korner 503 E METHVIN ST 129 Yes No 903-758-6876 Shirley & Abigail 505 N 2ND ST 34 Yes No Sunshine Preschool 430-625-7773 Small Steps Learning 2305 KINGSTON DR903- 34 Yes No Academy 295-5949
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 151
Vulnerable Facility: Address: Number Evacuation at Risk Requirements: Buses--Ambulances St. Mary’s Catholic 405 Hollybrook 230 Yes No School 903-753-1657 Trinity School of Texas 215 Teague St. 375 Yes No 903-753-0612 Wee Learn Center 209 E SOUTH ST 200 Yes No 903-758-0153 Woodland Hills Day 2105 E LOOP 281 70 Yes No School 903-757-3110 Kilgore College 300 S. High St. 200 - Yes No Longview Center 903-753-2642 300 Kilgore College 315 S. Center St. <100 Yes No Cosmetology 903-753-7730 LeTourneau University 2100 Mobberly 2,111 Yes No & Belcher Center 903-500-2921 Longview University 3201 N. Eastman Rd. 370 Yes No Center-UT Tyler 903-663-8100 Texas Baptist College 2200 W. Loop 281 65 Yes No 903-759-0940 NURSING HOMES LONGVIEW, TEXAS Alpine House Nursing 2104 Alpine Rd. 36 Yes Yes Home 903-234-8600 Arabella of Longview 1155 E Hawkins Pkwy Yes Yes Assisted Living & Memory Care Brookdale Longview 2920 N Eastman Rd Yes Yes Buckner Westminster 2201 Horsehoe Ln Yes Yes Place Colonial Village 2910 N Eastman Rd Yes Yes Genesis Clairmont 3201 N. 4th Street 200 Yes Yes Nursing Home 903-236-4291 Havencare Nursing & 111 Ruthlynn Dr. 95 Yes Yes Rehabilitation Center 903-757-2557 Hawkins Creek 311 E Hawkins Pkwy Yes Yes Heartis Longview 1408 Lago Tr Yes Yes Heritage at Longview 112 Ruthlynn 150 Yes Yes 903-753-8611 Highland Pines Nursing 1100 N. 4th Street 155 Yes Yes & Rehabilitation Center 903-753-7661
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 152
Vulnerable Facility: Address: Number Evacuation at Risk Requirements: Buses--Ambulances NBA Page Place 1907 Page Rd Yes Yes Pine Tree Lodge 2711 Pine Tree Rd. 100 Yes Yes Nursing Center 903-759-3994 Summer Meadows 301 Hollybrook Dr. 90 Yes Yes 903-758-7764 Trevisio Transitional 1154 E Hawkins Pkwy Yes Yes Care Trinity Timbers Assisted 3102 Gilmer Rd Yes Yes Living Whispering Pines Lodge 2131 Alpine Rd Yes Yes HOSPITALS LONGVIEW, TEXAS Christus - Good 700 East Marshall Ave. 1600 Yes Yes Shepherd Medical 903-315-2000 Center (Main) Christus Good Shepherd 323 E Hawkins Pkwy 60 Yes Yes Medical Center - Northpark Longview Regional 2901 N. 4th Street 230 Yes Yes Hospital 903-758-1818 SCHOOLS: Gladewater ISD GLADEWATER, TEXAS Gladewater Primary 100 Gay Ave. 400 Yes No School 903-845-2254 Weldon Elementary 314 E. Saunders 400 Yes No School 903-845-6921 Gladewater Middle 414 S. Loop 485 500 Yes No School 903-845-2243 Gladewater High School 2201 W. Gay Ave. 500 Yes No 903-845-5591 Other Schools: GLADEWATER, TEXAS GED Center 795 Tennery 15 Yes No 903-845-6991 NURSING HOMES GLADEWATER, TEXAS Aspen Care Center 12 Monte Carlo St Yes Yes (903) 845-6662 Legend Oaks 1201 FM 2685 Yes Yes Healthcare and (903) 845-2175 Rehabilitation Center
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 153
Vulnerable Facility: Address: Number Evacuation at Risk Requirements: Buses--Ambulances Texan Nursing & Rehab 300 N MONEY ST Yes Yes of Gladewater (844) 334-3818 HOSPITALS GLADEWATER, TEXAS Truman W. Smith 2200 Hwy. 80 W. 150 Yes Yes Pediatric Hospital 903-845-2181 SCHOOLS: Kilgore ISD KILGORE, TEXAS Chandler Elementary 2500 Chandler St. 708 Yes No School 903-988-3904 Kilgore Primary School 255 Baughman Rd. 930 Yes No 903-988-3905 Kilgore Intermediate 2300 Whippoorwill Lane 725 Yes No School 903-988-3903 Kilgore Middle School 455 Baughman Rd. 1,050 Yes No 903-988-3902 Kilgore High School 711 N. Longview St. 1,250 Yes No 903-988-3901 Other Schools KILGORE, TEXAS Kilgore College 1100 Broadway 3,500 Yes No 903-983-8209 NURSING HOMES KILGORE, TEXAS Arabella of Kilgore 2103 Chandler St 67 Yes Yes (903) 984-8839 Arbor Grace Skilled 2700 S. Henderson 74 Yes Yes Nursing & Rehabilitation (903) 984-3511 Willow Rehab & Nursing 1901 Whippoorwill Lane 118 Yes Yes (903) 983-7775 HOSPITALS KILGORE, TEXAS Christus Good Shepherd 1612 S. Henderson Blvd. 14 Yes Yes ER only (no admissions) Kilgore, TX 903-315-3800 SCHOOLS: White Oak ISD WHITE OAK, TEXAS White Oak Primary 200 S. White Oak Rd. 380 Yes No School 903-291-2201 White Oak Intermediate 200 S. White Oak Rd. 350 Yes No School 903-291-2201
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 154
Vulnerable Facility: Address: Number Evacuation at Risk Requirements: Buses--Ambulances White Oak Middle 200 S. White Oak Rd. 350 Yes No School 903-291-2201 White Oak High School 200 S. White Oak Rd. 420 Yes No 903-291-2201
Please note that the schools, nursing homes and hospitals listed in the above table are NOT “participating jurisdictions” in this Plan. The facilities listed are located within the various participating jurisdictions named, and may require evacuation in emergency situations.
Estimating Potential Losses
Possible Tornado Magnitude and Extent of Loss: Although Gregg County and any of its Cities could be affected by an F4 tornado, most reported occurrences have been F1 or F2 events, at a frequency of one every year or two. When a smaller tornado strikes, a small portion of the population will be without power and other utilities for a period of up to 72 hours; limited tree debris may be found in the area; roofs on some buildings may be damaged. In rare cases, a limited number of buildings may be structurally damaged or destroyed. All of the Gregg County jurisdictions collectively have experienced a total of 36 reported tornados over the 63-year period between 1954 and 2008; these tornados caused 2 injuries and total reported property damage of $35,817,750.00 (averaging over $900,000 per storm). Another tornado could occur at any time. A tornado striking the City of Longview or one of the other cities would cause more damage than one affecting the rural areas of the county. Any of the Gregg County jurisdictions could experience an F4 tornado, which could cause multiple deaths and injuries, as well as millions of dollars in property damage.
Possible Windstorm Magnitude and Extent of Loss: Severe windstorms usually move through Gregg County rapidly with a duration of approximately 30 minutes to one hour. Sporadic power outages affecting up to one-quarter of the county can be expected
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 155 to last four to eight hours. All critical facilities have auxiliary power, and the power outages caused by these storms is usually just an inconvenience for residents and local businesses. In most cases, damage is limited to fallen trees and branches, sometimes blocking a roadway, or causing limited structural damage to residential and out buildings. The accompanying wind, most often in the 50 – 65 knots range, may cause damage to metal or shingle roofing on structures. Gregg County experiences several windstorms per year, but on average, only three or four fall into the “severe storm” category. Financial losses (including cleanup costs) per severe storm can be expected to run $15,000 - $100,000 county-wide.
Storms which affect the City of Longview or one of the other cities would be expected to have a higher potential to injure people, and to cause more property damage than storms which affect the rural areas of the county. Since 1993, Longview has experienced 50 windstorms, ranging from 50-77 knot winds, which caused a reported $485,000 in property damage. Since 1993, Kilgore has reported 35 events, with 50-62 knot winds, causing $1,555,000 in damage. Since 1995, Gladewater has suffered 21 windstorms, ranging from 52-80 knot winds, which caused $201,000 in reported property damage. Since 1997, White Oak has reported 9 events, with 53-62 knot winds, which caused $85,000 in property damage. Clarksville City, Easton and Lakeport have not reported any damage due to windstorms. Any of the Gregg County jurisdictions could experience storm winds of up to 85 knots, which could cause deaths or injuries and many thousands of dollars in property damage.
Possible Hailstorm Magnitude and Extent of Loss: Hailstorms usually move through Gregg County rapidly, with a duration of less than 30 minutes. Sporadic power outages affecting up to one-quarter of the county can be expected to last four to eight hours. All critical facilities have auxiliary power, and the power outages caused by these storms is usually just an inconvenience for residents and businesses. Most damage is limited to dented vehicles, roof damage, and fallen trees and branches, sometimes blocking a roadway, or causing limited structural damage to buildings. Hail may cause damage to vehicles or other equipment, crops, animals that have no shelter, and to roofing on structures. On average, Gregg County experiences about three serious hailstorms per year. Financial losses (including cleanup costs) can be expected to run
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 156
$5,000 - $10,000 county-wide, with storms which affect the City of Longview or one of the other cities generally expected to cause more property damage than storms which affect the rural areas of the county.
Since 1996, the City of Longview has reported 51 hailstorms, with hail of up to 4.5” in diameter, which caused $1.125 million in reported damage. White Oak has reported 14 instances of hail, up to 4.5” in diameter, but no damage amount was reported. Gladewater and Kilgore and have also reported multiple hailstorms with hail of .75” to 2.75” in diameter, but no damage has been reported to NCDC. Any of the Gregg County jurisdictions could experience hail of up to 4.5” in diameter, which could cause death to people or animals and many thousands of dollars in property damage.
Possible Lightning Magnitude and Extent of Loss: Thunderstorms, which produce Lightning, usually move through Gregg County rapidly, with a duration of less than 30 minutes. Sporadic power outages affecting up to one-quarter of the county can be expected to last four to eight hours. All critical facilities have auxiliary power, and the power outages caused by these storms is usually just an inconvenience for residents and businesses. Lightning is expected to strike somewhere in rural Gregg County about 2,794 times per year; in Longview about 875 times per year; in Kilgore about 246 times per year; in the City of Gladewater about 186 times per year; in White Oak about 145 times per year; in Clarksville City about 101 times per year; in the City of Easton about 40 times per year; and in the City of Lakeport about 25 times per year. The ETCOG office buildings have not experienced a direct lightning strike.
Since 1997, a period of 21 years, 3 lightning strikes have been reported to NCDC in the City of Kilgore, causing a reported $3,000 in damages, while 10 lightning strikes have been reported to NCDC in the City of Longview, which have caused $100,000 in reported damages. No damage due to lightning strikes has been reported to NCDC from Clarksville City, Easton, Gladewater, Lakeport or White Oak; these cities have chosen not to mitigate lightning. Any of the Gregg County jurisdictions could experience lightning strikes, which could cause death to people or animals and thousands of dollars in property damage.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 157
Possible Severe Winter Storm Magnitude and Extent of Loss: A severe winter storm could result in some parts of the county being without power due to accumulated ice on power lines and overhanging trees. Some roadways may ice over and become impassable for a short period of time. A limited number of motorists may attempt to negotiate iced roads and may become stranded or involved in automobile accidents. Actual storm damage will be limited to utilities and trees, and in rare cases, structures. All vulnerable facilities are adequately prepared to cope with winter storms. The most significant financial loss is to utilities, and costs for repairing power and telephone lines can vary greatly. On average, Gregg County experiences one severe winter storm every year; when this occurs, the entire county and all of the cities are affected, along with other nearby counties. 25 such storms have been reported over the past 22 years, with a total of over $270,000 in damages reported. Any of the Gregg County jurisdictions could experience severe winter storms resulting in up to 6” accumulations of ice and snow, which could cause traffic accidents, utility outages, and thousands of dollars in property damage.
Possible Wildfire Magnitude and Extent of Loss: Although Gregg County experiences numerous grass and brush fires each year, few (if any) qualify as true wildfires. Until September 4, 2011, no wildfires had ever been reported to NCDC from Gregg County. On that day, reports were made to NCDC of two different fires which reportedly burned a total of 6,465 acres of land, causing two deaths and two injuries; consuming 20 homes, one business, numerous outbuildings and 3 vehicles, causing total property damage of over $2.375 million. Both of these fires were reported in rural Gregg County, but any of the Gregg County jurisdictions could experience wildfires resulting in deaths or injuries, utility outages, and thousands of dollars in property damage.
Possible Drought Magnitude and Extent of Loss: On average, Gregg County and its cities experience one or two months of drought every year. However, 16 months of drought in a row were reported from December of 2010 through March of 2012. The dollar amount of crop losses was not reported, but hay crops were totally destroyed, causing ranchers and dairy farmers to sell livestock in record numbers. Timber growth
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 158 was slow, and many trees died. Damage is primarily limited to agricultural losses, in the rural portions of the county. While some of the cities may need to institute water conservation policies in a time of drought, to ensure sufficient drinking water will remain available, losses within these cities should be limited to landscape plantings. Any of the Gregg County jurisdictions could experience drought of 700-800 on the KBDI scale, requiring water conservation efforts and resulting in thousands of dollars in property damage.
Possible Flood Magnitude and Extent of Loss: Flooding occurs in Gregg County and its cities along low-lying roadways during heavy rain. Such flooding should not be severe, although some lower-lying roadways may become submerged and impassable. A limited number of motorists may become stranded due to flooded roadways. In rare cases, rising lake levels could result in flooding of residential and commercial structures near the lakeshores. No vulnerable facilities are located in areas threatened by flood. Any of the Gregg County jurisdictions could experience flood waters up to 12” deep in the low-lying areas which have been designated on the preceding maps. This could cause damage to public roads. Some homes could be damaged by flood in Longview. Total anticipated damage from any one flood event (other than a major dam failure) is not expected to exceed $100,000.
Possible Dam-Levee Failure Magnitude and Extent of Loss:
There are no levees within Gregg County, and no dams which require mitigation except for two within the City of Longview. While the City of Longview includes several lakes, each is well-managed, the dams are properly maintained, and each of the two lakes which pose a high potential hazard has an emergency management plan in place. Risk for each dam has been discussed in the previous section on Dam Failure; for the two dams posing risk, potential property damage could be in the millions of dollars, but dam failure is unlikely to occur, because the dams are regularly inspected and well-maintained.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 159
Prioritizing Hazards
The Hazard Mitigation Planning Team used a matrix system to assist in prioritizing each hazard. The matrix below uses frequency and severity (as defined on pages 41-42) to classify each hazard by level of potential impact.
Highly Likely A A B B
Likely A A B C
Occasional B B C D
Unlikely C C D D
Substantial Major Minor Limited
F R E Q U E N C Y CF N E U ER Q S E V E R I T Y
Classification A: High-Risk condition, with the highest priority for mitigation and contingency planning (immediate action is needed). Examples of Losses: Death or potentially fatal injury, complete shutdown of facilities and critical services for more than 30 days, more than 50% of property located in affected area is severely damaged.
Classification B: Moderate Risk condition, with secondary priority for mitigation and contingency planning (action is needed). Examples of Losses: Severe injury/illness, complete shutdown of facilities or critical services for up to 10 days, up to 25% of property in affected area is damaged.
Classification C: Low Risk condition, with tertiary priority for mitigation (some action is needed.) Example of Losses: Treatable first-aid injury, complete shutdown of facilities and critical services for 1 day or less, less than 10% of property located in affected area is severely damaged.
Classification D: No Risk.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 160
2018 Gregg County Risk Assessment Priority
Hazard Frequency Severity Classification Priority
Wildfire Likely Major A 1
Tornado Likely Major A 2
Flood Likely Minor B 3
Severe Winter 4 Likely Minor B Storm
Wind Storm Highly Likely Limited B 5
Lightning Highly Likely Limited B 6
Hail Storm Highly Likely Limited B 7
Extreme Heat Occasional Limited D 8
Drought Occasional Limited D 9
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 161
2018 Clarksville City Risk Assessment Priority
Hazard Frequency Severity Classification Priority
Lightning Highly Likely Major A 1
Hail Storm Highly Likely Major A 2
Wind Storm Highly Likely Major A 3
Tornado Occasional Substantial B 4
Drought Likely Minor B 5
Wildfire Occasional Major B 6
Flood Occasional Major B 7
Extreme Heat Occasional Limited D 8
Severe Winter Storm Occasional Limited D 9
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 162
2018 Easton Risk Assessment Priority
Hazard Frequency Severity Classification Priority
Tornado Occasional Substantial B 1
Severe Winter Storm Highly Likely Minor B 2
Wildfire Occasional Minor C 3
Lightning Occasional Limited D 4
Hail Storm Occasional Limited D 5
Wind Storm Occasional Limited D 6
Extreme Heat Occasional Limited D 7
Drought Occasional Limited D 8
Flood Unlikely Limited D 9
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 163
2018 Gladewater Risk Assessment Priority
Hazard Frequency Severity Classification Priority
Tornado Occasional Major B 1
Wind Storm Highly Likely Minor B 2
Flood Likely Minor B 3
Extreme Heat Highly Likely Limited B 4
Wildfire Highly Likely Limited B 5
Hail Storm Highly Likely Limited B 6
Severe Winter Storm Highly Likely Limited B 7
Lightning Highly Likely Limited B 8
Drought Likely Limited C 9
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 164
2018 Kilgore Risk Assessment Priority
Hazard Frequency Severity Classification Priority
Tornado Likely Substantial A 1
Flood Likely Major A 2
Wind Storm Likely Major A 3
Drought Likely Limited C 4
Severe Winter Storm Occasional Minor C 5
Lightning Occasional Minor C 6
Wildfire Occasional Minor C 7
Hail Storm Occasional Minor C 8
Extreme Heat Occasional Minor C 9
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 165
2018 Lakeport Risk Assessment Priority
Hazard Frequency Severity Classification Priority
Tornado Occasional Substantial B 1
Severe Winter Storm Highly Likely Minor B 2
Flood Occasional Minor C 3
Wind Storm Occasional Minor C 4
Lightning Occasional Limited D 5
Hail Storm Occasional Limited D 6
Extreme Heat Occasional Limited D 7
Wildfire Occasional Limited D 8
Drought Occasional Limited D 9
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 166
2018 Longview Risk Assessment Priority
Hazard Frequency Severity Classification Priority
Wind Storm Highly Likely Major A 1
Tornado Likely Substantial A 2
Flood Highly Likely Minor B 3
Lightning Highly Likely Minor B 4
Hail Storm Highly Likely Minor B 5
Wildfire Occasional Minor C 6
Extreme Heat Likely Limited C 7
Dam Failure Unlikely Major C 8
Drought Occasional Limited D 9
Severe Winter Occasional Limited D 10 Storm
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 167
2018 White Oak Risk Assessment Priority
Hazard Frequency Severity Classification Priority Tornado Likely Major B 1 Wildfire Likely Minor B 2
Extreme Heat Occasional Limited D 3 Drought Occasional Limited D 4 Wind Storm Occasional Limited D 5
Severe Winter Storm Unlikely Limited D 6 Flood Unlikely Limited D 7 Hail Storm Unlikely Limited D 8 Lightning Unlikely Limited D 9
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 168
2018 ETCOG Assessment Priority
Hazard Frequency Severity Classification Priority
Tornado Highly Likely Substantial A 1
Wind Storm Highly Likely Major A 2
Lightning Highly Likely Minor B 3
Hail Storm Highly Likely Minor B 4
Drought Highly Likely Limited B 5
Flood Occasional Minor C 6
Extreme Heat Occasional Minor C 7
Severe Winter Storm Occasional Limited D 8
Wildfire Occasional Limited D 9
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 169
HAZARD MITIGATION STRATEGY
The purpose of hazard mitigation is to reduce property damage and risks to human life prior to the hazard event. Plan goals describe the overall direction that Gregg County, the participating cities, ETCOG, community organizations, businesses, and citizens can take to work toward mitigating risks that derive from natural hazards. Objectives describe specific results that the jurisdictions plan to achieve. Actions are specific tasks which the jurisdictions plan to accomplish over the next five years, to reach the stated objectives and attain the stated goals.
Hazard Mitigation Goals
Goal 1: Protect Life and Property
Implement activities that assist in protecting lives by making homes, businesses, infrastructure, critical facilities, and other property more resistant to losses from hazards.
Improve data collection and hazard assessments to make improvements to regulatory measures regarding new development, and to identify and retro-fit existing structures to reduce repetitive damage.
Goal 2: Increase Public Awareness
Implement public outreach and education programs to increase public awareness of the risks associated with natural hazards. Provide information on resources and funding sources to assist in implementing mitigation activities
Goal 3: Preserve and Protect Natural Resources
Take advantage of opportunities to improve long-range management and use of flood prone areas by using multi-objective approaches. For example, to preserve open space or create parkland by applying for funding to acquire land in the floodplain, while at the same time accomplishing the goal to ensure that development occurs outside the floodplain.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 170
Goal 4: Develop Effective Partnerships for Mitigation Action Implementation
Strengthen communication and coordinate participation among business owners, citizens, community organizations, and public agencies to gain a vested interest in implementing mitigation measures. Organize public and private partnerships to assist with the implementation of specific mitigation action items.
Goal 5: Improve Efficiency in Delivery of Emergency Services
Strengthen emergency operations by increasing collaboration and coordination with State and Federal programs to improve training, provide communication improvements, equipment and mapping improvements. Coordinate and integrate mitigation activities, where appropriate, with emergency operation plans and procedures.
Relationship to the State Hazard Mitigation Plan
The State of Texas has developed the following goals:
1. Reduce or eliminate hazardous conditions that may cause loss of life. 2. Reduce or eliminate hazardous conditions that may inflict injuries. 3. Reduce or eliminate hazardous conditions that can cause property damage. 4. Reduce or eliminate hazardous conditions that degrade important natural resources. 5. Reduce or eliminate repetitive losses due to frequent probability of occurrence. 6. Lessen economic impact within communities when hazards occur. (Source: State of Texas Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2013 Update, pages 189-190, found at http://www.dps.texas.gov/dem/downloadable forms.htm#mitigation.)
The hazard mitigation goals of Gregg County and the participating jurisdictions agree with and complement the State of Texas hazard mitigation goals.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 171
Relationship to the National Flood Insurance Program
This Hazard Mitigation Action Plan supports the objectives of the National Flood Insurance Program, to enable property owners in participating communities to purchase insurance protection against losses from flooding. This insurance is designed to provide an alternative to disaster assistance to meet the escalating costs of repairing damage to buildings and their contents caused by floods. Participation in the NFIP is based on an agreement between local communities and the Federal Government which states that, if a community will adopt and enforce a floodplain management ordinance to reduce future flood risks to new construction in Special Flood Hazard Areas, the Federal Government will make flood insurance available within the community as a financial protection against flood losses.
Gregg County and the Cities of Clarksville City, Gladewater, Kilgore, Longview and White Oak are participants in the National Flood Insurance Program, and plan to continue their participation in this program. These jurisdictions will continue to regulate development in floodplain areas, have designated floodplain managers, and enforce their floodplain management ordinances. The Cities of Easton and Lakeport, because of their small size and lack of available funding, are unable to participate in the NFIP because they do not have floodplain management ordinances, and rely on Gregg County for floodplain management as well as all other aspects of emergency management. The East Texas Council of Governments is not eligible to participate in the NFIP. It is not a city or county government, owns no property within a floodplain, and plans no future property development which might encroach upon any floodplain.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 172
Has a Has a Enforces the Regulates Current NFIP Designated Floodplain Floodplain Jurisdiction Floodplain Participation? Floodplain Management Management Development? Manager? Ordinance? Ordinance? Gregg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes County City of
Clarksville Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes City City of No Yes Yes No No Easton* City of Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Gladewater City of Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Kilgore City of No Yes Yes No No Lakeport City of Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Longview City of Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes White Oak
ETCOG Not eligible Not eligible Not eligible Not eligible Not eligible
* The City of Easton is a former participant in the NFIP, but no longer has a current floodplain management ordinance.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 173
Hazard Mitigation Objectives
All participating jurisdictions share the same hazard mitigation objectives, except as noted below.
Multi-Hazard
1. Improve the ability to warn citizens of impending or ongoing hazard events, through local radio, television, and cable providers; website announcements and e-mail blasts; Code Red or Nixle automated emergency calling system; emergency warning sirens; and any other available method. (Flood, drought, wildfire, tornado, severe winter storm, wind storm, hail storm, extreme heat, dam failure)
2. Improve local self-sufficiency to increase survivability during the first few hours after an event and decrease cascading potential for risks that occur prior to the arrival of State, FEMA, Red Cross, and other disaster teams. (Flood, wildfire, tornado, dam failure)
3. Develop public and private partnerships with businesses, service organizations, and other community groups to work together to lessen risks and cascading potential through hazard mitigation, pre-planning, and cooperative mitigation actions. (Flood, drought, wildfire, tornado, severe winter storm, wind storm, hail storm, extreme heat, dam failure)
4. Develop, enhance and implement education programs to increase awareness of natural hazards and encourage the use of mitigation actions to reduce risk to citizens, public infrastructure, private property owners, businesses and schools. (Flood, drought, wildfire, tornado, severe winter storm, wind storm, hail storm, extreme heat, dam failure)
5. Increase training opportunities for citizens, to encourage their involvement in mitigation efforts. (Flood, drought, wildfire, tornado, severe winter storm, wind storm, hail storm, extreme heat, dam failure)
6. Maintain, support and encourage the County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee by scheduling regular meetings to review the Plan and suggest any needed revisions. (Flood,
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 174 drought, wildfire, tornado, severe winter storm, wind storm, hail storm, extreme heat, dam failure)
Tornado
1. Harden public structures to protect the structure and its contents, to provide a safe place for humans during a storm and to reduce effects of hazards on existing buildings.
2. Build community storm shelters, as funds permit.
3. Educate the public about the dangers of tornadoes and the mitigation actions each family can take.
Wind Storm
1. Use Code Red or Nixle and other public warning systems to warn of imminent or expected windstorms.
2. Provide community outreach and education to individuals and businesses concerning the danger of windstorms and mitigation actions for homes and businesses to take.
Hail Storm
1. Use Code Red or Nixle and other public warning systems to warn of imminent or expected hailstorms.
2. Protect public property from damage due to hailstorms.
3. Provide community outreach and education to individuals and businesses concerning recommended mitigation actions for homes and businesses to take in preparation for hailstorms.
Severe Winter Storm
1. Use Code Red or Nixle and other public warning systems to warn of imminent or expected severe winter storms.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 175
2. Plan for public response to severe storms and prolonged icy conditions; develop procedures to de-ice roads, sidewalks and public access points to critical facilities.
3. Increase public awareness of the dangers of walking and driving on icy sidewalks and roads; educate the public in mitigation actions which can be taken, and in ways to avoid injury and accidents in icy weather.
Wildfire
1. Issue, publicize and enforce county-wide burn bans when drought and/or wind conditions increase the danger that wildfire may occur.
2. Enhance emergency services to increase the efficiency of wildfire response and recovery activities.
3. Implement all available measures to reduce the potential magnitude of a wildfire event on public-owned property and to reduce the effects of fire on new and existing buildings.
4. Develop public information programs to create a greater awareness of the risk of wildfire, and to encourage individuals to implement mitigation strategies on their own property.
5. Coordinate with the Texas Forest Service to schedule educational events and obtain literature for public distribution.
Drought
1. Issue burn bans during drought conditions; publicize burn bans when in effect; enforce compliance.
2. Maintain awareness of the local soil moisture index, and take steps to conserve public water supplies, before the situation becomes critical.
3. Increase public awareness of ways to conserve water, prevent loss of valuable topsoil, and reduce the effects of drought.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 176
Flood
1. Ensure that critical facilities are protected from flood.
2. Improve the long-range management and use of flood-prone areas by the diligent enforcement of local ordinances to regulate new development within the floodplain.
3. Encourage retrofitting of existing structures that are at risk to reduce effects of hazards on existing buildings.
4. Develop public information programs to create a greater awareness of the danger of flood, and to help citizens mitigate flood risks when planning future development.
Lightning
1. Provide community outreach and education to promote awareness of lightning dangers associated with thunderstorms and to show the value of lightning rods and arrestors.
2. Develop or improve and use public warning systems to warn of imminent or expected thunderstorms.
Dam – Levee Failure (City of Longview only)
1. Inspect, maintain and improve publicly-owned dams; maintain current Emergency Action Plans for each. 2. Encourage proper maintenance and improvement of privately-owned dams or levees.
3. Promote FEMA-recommended construction methods for any new dam or levee development.
4. Improve emergency procedures to efficiently respond and avoid unnecessary risk to human life, should a dam or levee fail.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 177
Hazard Mitigation Action Items
Hazard 2018 Gregg County Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Wildfire Issue, publicize and enforce burn bans Administration, No added in times of drought. EMC, Public cost; work Information, into existing Information programs Technology, Sheriff’s Office Wildfire Work with the Texas A&M Forest Service Administration, No added to attain “Firewise Communities” status. EMC cost; work into existing programs Wildfire, Implement a new and expanded EMC, County No added Severe program to partner with utility Road & Bridge cost; work Winter companies to keep right-of-way clear into existing Storm, and to trim tree limbs that may fall on programs Wind electric or telephone lines. Storm Flood Clean and upgrade major culvert areas County Road & Grant funds which are prone to flooding (about 12 Bridge or local locations planned for the next 5 years) funds: $467,000.00 Tornado & Partner with ETCOG to seek FEMA grant Administration, No added Wind funding to offer individual family Safe Public cost; ETCOG Storm Room rebate program. Once the Information will write program is operational, Gregg County grant will publicize the program to its citizens application and work with ETCOG to encourage and residents to apply. administer program
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 178
Hazard 2018 Gregg County Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Tornado, Partner with the National Weather EMC, Public No added Wind Service & local meteorologist to plan Information cost; work Storm, Hail and implement a public awareness into existing Storm, campaign to alert the public to the programs Lightning, meaning of NWS “watch” and “warning” Severe and how to respond. Winter Storm Tornado, Sponsor “Storm Spotter” classes EMC, Public No added Wind quarterly in partnership with the Information cost; work Storm, Hail National Weather Service and Longview into existing Storm, Fire Department. programs Lightning, Severe Winter Storm Wildfire, Encourage residents to sign up for Code EMC, Public No added Tornado, Red emergency warning notification Information, cost; work Flood, system. Post notices in public places Information into existing Severe and on public websites, facebook pages, Technology programs Winter and other social media outlets. Storm, Wind Storm, Lightning, Hail Storm Wildfire, Use Code Red and social media to warn EMC, Public No added Tornado, residents and the public of impending Information, cost; work Flood, natural hazard events. Information into existing Severe Technology programs Winter Storm, Wind Storm, Lightning, Hail Storm
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 179
Hazard 2018 Gregg County Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Wildfire, Develop and implement a public EMC, Public No added Tornado, education campaign to inform residents Information, cost; work Flood, of the dangers of natural hazards and Information into existing Severe suggested mitigation actions for Technology programs Winter individuals and families. Storm, Wind Storm, Lightning, Hail Storm
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 180
Hazard 2018 City of Clarksville City Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Lightning, Provide public education regarding Administration, No added Hail Storm, actions which may be taken to mitigate Public cost; work Wind the impact of these natural hazards. Information into existing Storm, programs Tornado, Drought, Wildfire, Flood Hail Storm Provide covered parking to protect Administration, Grant funds municipal vehicles and equipment. Public Works or local funds: About $8,000 Wind Harden public buildings to protect Administration, Grant funds Storm against wind storms. Public Works, or local Maintenance funds: About $15,000 Wind Partner with ETCOG to seek FEMA grant Administration, No added Storm & funding to offer individual family Safe Public cost; work Tornado Room rebate program. Once the Information into existing program is operational, Clarksville City programs; will publicize the program to its citizens ETCOG will and work with ETCOG to encourage write grant residents to apply. application and administer program Tornado Improve early warning systems to notify Administration, No added citizens of tornado warnings. This could Public cost; work include Facebook notifications, Information into existing Clarksville – Warren City VFD web page, programs and the improved use of the Code Red warning system.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 181
Hazard 2018 City of Clarksville City Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Drought Review drought contingency plan and Administration No added revise if needed; work with surrounding cost; work water systems to ensure all area citizens into existing are appropriately supplied with drinking programs water during extreme drought. Wildfire Implement program to remove debris Public Works No added and fuels that increase the risk of cost; work wildfire. into existing programs Flood Monitor flood-prone areas and remove Public Works No added debris from drainage culverts when cost; work needed to alleviate potential flooding into existing hazards. programs Lightning Install lightning arrestors on all Administration, Grant funds municipal buildings. Maintenance or local funds: $1,000 per building
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 182
Hazard 2018 City of Easton Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Tornado Partner with ETCOG to seek FEMA grant Administration, No added funding to offer individual family Safe Public cost; ETCOG Room rebate program. Once the Information will write program is operational, Easton will grant publicize the program to its citizens and application work with ETCOG to encourage and residents to apply. administer program Tornado, Provide public education regarding Administration, No added Severe actions which may be taken to mitigate Public cost; work Winter the impact of these natural hazards. Information into existing Storm, programs Wildfire Tornado, Improve early warning systems to notify Administration, No added Severe citizens of tornado warnings and other Public cost; work Winter emergencies. This could include Information into existing Storm, Facebook notifications, creation and use programs Wildfire of a city web page, and the improved use of the Code Red warning system. Tornado, Encourage residents to sign up for Code EMC, Public No added Severe Red emergency warning notification Information, cost; work Winter system. Post notices in public places Information into existing Storm, and on public websites, facebook pages, Technology programs Wildfire and other social media outlets. Severe Implement a program to partner with EMC No added Winter utility companies to trim tree limbs that cost; work Storm could fall on utility transmission lines in into existing icy weather or high wind conditions. programs Wildfire Implement a program in cooperation Public Works No added with the Easton Volunteer Fire cost; work Department to remove debris and fuels into existing that increase the risk of wildfire. programs
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 183
Hazard 2018 City of Easton Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Wildfire Work with the local water cooperative Public Works Grant funds to upgrade water mains from 2” to 6” or local diameter, and install fire hydrants. funds: $2,500 per hydrant
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 184
Hazard 2018 City of Gladewater Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Tornado & Partner with ETCOG to seek FEMA grant Administration, No added Wind funding to offer individual family Safe Public cost; work Storm Room rebate program. Once the Information into existing program is operational, Gladewater will programs; publicize the program to its citizens and ETCOG will work with ETCOG to encourage write grant residents to apply. application and administer program Tornado, Develop, implement and promote a EMC, Public No added Wind public education campaign to Information, cost; work Storm, encourage the public to register for the Information into existing Flood, Hail Nixle warning system; put link on city Technology programs Storm websites and facebook pages. Tornado, Develop and implement a public EMC, Public No added Wind education campaign to inform the public Information, cost; work Storm, about mitigation actions they can take Information into existing Flood, to make their family and home safer. Technology programs Extreme Put information and links to outside Heat, resources on city websites and facebook Wildfire, pages. Hail Storm, Severe Winter Storm, Lightning, Drought
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 185
Hazard 2018 City of Gladewater Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Tornado, Use Nixle and social media to warn EMC, Public No added Wind residents and the public of impending Information, cost; work Storm, natural hazard events. Note: The City Information into existing Flood, of Gladewater has replaced Code Red Technology programs Extreme with Nixle for the Emergency Messaging Heat, Service. Wildfire, Hail Storm, Severe Winter Storm, Lightning, Drought Wildfire, Publicize and enforce county-wide burn Administration, No added Drought bans in times of drought; place notices EMC, Public cost; work on city websites and social media. Information, into existing Information programs Technology, Police Dept., Fire Dept. Wildfire Work with the Texas A&M Forest Administration, No added Service to attain “Fire-Wise Community” EMC, Fire Dept. cost; work status into existing programs Wildfire, Implement a new program to partner EMC, Pubic No added Severe with utility companies to keep right-of- Works cost; work Winter way clear and to trim tree limbs that into existing Storm, may fall on electric or telephone lines. programs Wind Storm Flood Participate in the “Turn Around Don’t EMC, Police No added Drown” campaign. Dept., Fire Dept. cost; work into existing programs
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 186
Hazard 2018 City of Gladewater Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Extreme Provide bottled water and ice to outdoor Administration, No added Heat workers, the homeless, and others at Police Dept., cost; work city parks and other distribution centers. Fire Dept., into existing Coordinate donations from businesses Public Works programs and individuals, and distribute as needed. Extreme Partner with local charities and churches EMC, Public No added Heat to conduct a “fan drive” to aid low- Information cost; work income individuals and families by into existing providing fans and window air programs conditioners to the needy during times of extreme heat. Flood Implement program to remove debris Public Works No added from drainage culverts when needed to cost; work alleviate potential flooding hazards. into existing programs Lightning Install lightning arrestors on all Administration, Grant funds municipal buildings. Maintenance or local funds: About $1,000 per building Hail Storm Provide covered parking to protect Administration, Grant funds municipal vehicles and equipment. Public Works or local funds: About $25,000
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 187
Hazard 2018 City of Kilgore Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Tornado Install new warning sirens. Kilgore Police Grant funds Department or local funds: $50,000 Tornado Fund and expand subscriber Kilgore Police Grant funds database of Code Red weather Department or local warning product. funds: $5,000 Tornado Establish direct link with the National Kilgore Police No added Weather Service during expected Department cost; work severe weather and post updated, into existing pertinent weather information on programs social media. Tornado Partner with ETCOG to seek FEMA Administration, No added grant funding to offer individual Public Information cost; work family Safe Room rebate program. into existing Once the program is operational, programs; Kilgore will publicize the program to ETCOG will its citizens and work with ETCOG to write grant encourage residents to apply. application and administer program Flood Obtain awareness materials from Kilgore Police No added Texas Floodplain Management Department / cost; work Association for distribution to the Kilgore Fire into existing public. Post public awareness Department programs content on social media platforms prior to and during flooding. Flood Seek master drainage study and City of Kilgore Grant funds plan to evaluate future drainage Public Works or local enhancement projects. funds: $25,000
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 188
Hazard 2018 City of Kilgore Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Flood Seek funding for purchase of City of Kilgore Grant funds previously identified repetitive loss Administration or local properties. Re-purpose repetitive funds: loss properties into green space and $3,200,000 incorporate into city park system. Wind Partner with power utility (SWEPCO) City of Kilgore No added Storm, to implement an expanded tree Public Works cost; work Severe trimming program and identify areas into existing Winter where additional tree trimming is programs Storm needed. Wind Place mitigation tips on city website Kilgore Police No added Storm and through social media to prevent Department / cost; work or reduce property damage from high Kilgore Fire into existing winds. Post updated, pertinent Department programs weather information on social media. Wind Perform tests and maintenance on City of Kilgore No added Storm generators installed at critical Building cost; work infrastructure locations to ensure Maintenance into existing consistent performance during a loss programs of electrical service. Drought Post information to social media Kilgore Police No added announcing county burn bans, "red Department / cost; work flag" advisories from the National Kilgore Fire into existing Weather Service, and tips to Department programs conserve water. Drought Implement water use restrictions City of Kilgore No added during extreme drought conditions Water Utilities cost; work threatening the water supply. into existing programs Severe Street Department will prepare City of Kilgore Grant funds Winter dump trucks with appropriate road Street Department or local Storm salt mix and spreading equipment to funds: treat major bridges during icy $20,000 conditions.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 189
Hazard 2018 City of Kilgore Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Severe Prior to winter storm season, City of Kilgore No added Winter perform tests and maintenance on Building cost; work Storm generators installed at critical Maintenance into existing infrastructure locations to ensure programs consistent performance during a loss of electrical service. Lightning Perform survey of public buildings City of Kilgore Grant funds and critical infrastructure for Building or local lightning rods and arresting Maintenance funds: equipment. Purchase and install $10,000 lightning rods and arresting equipment where the need is identified. Lightning Post public education information on Kilgore Police No added social media regarding lightning Department / cost; work safety tips and how to mitigate Kilgore Fire into existing lightning damage. Department` programs Wildfire Develop, implement and publicize a City of Kilgore No added new program to enforce code Code cost; work ordinances relating to Enforcement into existing natural vegetation restrictions on programs private property, including mowing abandoned properties and properties in non-compliance. Wildfire The Parks Department will mow and City of Kilgore Grant funds clear natural vegetation on public Parks or local property throughout the city, to Department funds: reduce the risk of wildfire extension. $10,000 Hail Storm Create a public education campaign Kilgore Police No added to promote the use of roofing Department / cost; work materials that better resist hail Kilgore Fire into existing damage. Include mitigation tips to Department programs prevent damage to valuable property during hail storms. Hail Storm Provide covered parking to protect Administration, Grant funds municipal vehicles and equipment. Public Works or local funds: About $25,000
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 190
Hazard 2018 City of Kilgore Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Extreme Provide bottled water and ice to Administration, No added Heat outdoor workers, the homeless, and Police Dept., Fire cost; work others at city parks and other Dept., Public into existing distribution centers. Coordinate Works programs donations from businesses and individuals, and distribute as needed. Extreme Partner with local charities and EMC, Public No added Heat churches to conduct a “fan drive” to Information cost; work aid low-income individuals and into existing families by providing fans and programs window air conditioners to the needy during times of extreme heat. Tornado, Develop and implement a public City of Kilgore No added Flood, Wind education campaign to inform the Public Information cost; work Storm, public about mitigation actions they Officer, EMC and into existing Drought, can take to make their family and IT Department programs Severe home safer. Put information and Winter links to outside resources on city Storm, websites and facebook pages. Lightning, Wildfire, Hail Storm, Extreme Heat
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 191
Hazard 2018 City of Lakeport Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Tornado, Improve early warning systems to notify Administration, No added Severe citizens of tornado warnings and other Public cost for Code Winter emergencies. This could include Information Red and Storm, Facebook notifications, creation and use Facebook; Flood, of a city web page, and the improved work into Wind use of the Code Red warning system. existing Storm The City of Lakeport also wants to programs. apply for a FEMA grant to purchase New warning and install 4 warning sirens; this is sirens will a high priority. cost about $82,000 grant funds or local funds.
Tornado, Encourage residents to sign up for Code EMC, Public No added Severe Red emergency warning notification Information, cost; work Winter system. Post notices in public places Information into existing Storm, and on public websites, facebook pages, Technology programs Flood, Wind and other social media outlets. Storm
Tornado & Partner with ETCOG to seek FEMA grant Administration, No added Wind funding to offer individual family Safe Public cost; work Storm Room rebate program. Once the Information into existing program is operational, Lakeport will programs; publicize the program to its citizens and ETCOG will work with ETCOG to encourage write grant residents to apply. application and administer program
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 192
Hazard 2018 City of Lakeport Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Tornado, Provide public education regarding Administration, No added Severe actions which may be taken to mitigate Public cost; work Winter the impact of these natural hazards. Information into existing Storm, Partner with Elderville – Lakeport programs Flood, Volunteer Fire Department to put Wind mitigation information on their web Storm page at www.elvfd.com Severe Partner with utility companies to EMC No added Winter develop and implement a program to cost; work Storm, trim tree limbs that could fall on utility into existing Wind transmission lines in icy weather or high programs Storm wind conditions.
Tornado, Replace or upgrade generators for Public Works Grant funds Severe wastewater treatment & lift stations to or local Winter prevent interruption of service. funds: About Storm, $8,000 per Flood, generator Wind Storm
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 193
Hazard 2018 City of Longview Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Wind Check the location and condition of EMC No added Storm, warning sirens; if repairs or additional cost; work Tornado, units are needed, determine cost and into existing Flood, Dam make recommendation to governing programs Failure body. Wildfire Enhance emergency services to Fire Department No added increase the efficiency of wildfire cost; work response and recovery activities. into existing programs Wildfire Seek training opportunities, and Fire Department Grant funds publicize them to all emergency or local responders funds: Potential Overtime costs not to exceed $5,000 Flood Promote the “Turn Around Don’t EMC No added Drown” campaign, in partnership with cost; work DPS. into existing programs Wind Create and implement an education EMC, Public No added Storm, campaign to inform the public of the Information, cost; work Flood, dangers of natural hazards and teach other Public into existing Lightning, mitigation techniques to reduce the Officials programs Hail impact of these hazards. Public officials Storm, will include hazard mitigation messages Tornado, in their newsletters, web pages, and Wildfire, speeches, as appropriate. The EMC will Dam accept opportunities to speak to service Failure, clubs and school groups about hazard Extreme mitigation, and will encourage other Heat emergency management professionals to do the same.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 194
Hazard 2018 City of Longview Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Flood Ensure that critical facilities owned by Public Works No added the jurisdiction are protected from cost; work flood. Inspect all critical facilities and into existing consider the flood risk of each. Consult programs FEMA publications, and ask an expert for additional suggestions in floodproofing, if needed. Consider cost and potential benefits, and make recommendation to governing body. Wildfire Work with the Texas A&M Forest Service Fire Department No added to identify Wildland-Urban Interface cost; work areas; develop and implement a plan to into existing reduce risk. programs Wildfire Coordinate with the Texas A&M Forest Fire Department No added Service to schedule educational events cost; work and obtain literature for public into existing distribution. programs Lightning Install lightning arrestors on all public Public Works Grant funds buildings; check existing units to ensure or local that they are properly installed and funds: working correctly. $2,500 each Wildfire Sponsor a booth at local events, to hand Fire Department Grant funds out free literature about the dangers of or local wildfire and what mitigation actions funds: people can take to reduce the risk of fire Printing damage to their homes and businesses. costs not to exceed $1,000 Flood Seek state and FEMA sponsored training Public Works / Grant funds in flood mitigation for key personnel. Development or local Services funds: $2,000 per year
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 195
Hazard 2018 City of Longview Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Flood Improve the long-range management Development No added and use of flood-prone areas by the Services cost; work adoption and enforcement of local into existing ordinances to regulate new programs development within the floodplain. Review and revise ordinances, when needed. Flood Place links on local websites to free Media No added FEMA training for independent study via Development cost; work the internet, such as 15-271 into existing “Anticipating Hazardous Weather and programs Community Risk.” Extreme Conduct public information campaign to Media No added Heat remind citizens to hydrate and avoid Development costs; work direct exposure to the sun between the into existing peak UV hours of 1 p.m. to 4 p.m., to programs prevent heat stroke. Wind Increase training opportunities for EMC, Public No added Storm, citizens, to encourage their involvement Information cost; work Flood, in mitigation efforts. Partner with into existing Lightning, ETCOG, TDEM, Texas A&M Forestry programs Hail Storm, Service, TEEX, FEMA, and others, to Tornado, bring free and low-cost mitigation Wildfire, training to Longview. Send PSAs to Dam Failure, media to publicize these training Extreme opportunities. Heat
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 196
Hazard 2018 City of Longview Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Wind Develop public and private partnerships EMC No added Storm, with businesses, service organizations, cost; work Flood, and other community groups to work into existing Lightning, together on local mitigation projects, programs Hail Storm, mitigation planning, and cooperative Tornado, mitigation actions. Wildfire, Dam Failure & Extreme Heat Flood Work with state and federal agencies to Public Works / No added maintain current flood maps. Development cost; work Services into existing programs Wildfire Implement all available measures to Environmental Grant funds reduce the potential magnitude of a Health / Public or local wildfire event on public-owned Works funds: property. Schedule regular mowing of $562,739.60 grass, trimming of trees and shrubs; consider plowing a firebreak in hazard areas. Wind Partner with ETCOG to seek FEMA grant Administration, No added Storm & funding to offer individual family Safe Public cost; ETCOG Tornado Room rebate program. Once the Information will write program is operational, Longview will grant publicize the program and encourage application residents to apply. and administer program.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 197
Hazard 2018 City of Longview Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Hail Storm Provide shelter for supplies and Facility Services Grant funds equipment at critical facilities. or local funds: estimated $2,500 per facility Wind As new structures are planned, built, Public Works Based on Storm & harden public structures to protect the available Tornado building and its contents, and to provide funding. a safe place for humans during a storm. Pursue Grant Options. Flood Purchase properties in floodplain areas Public Works Grant funds to reserve them from development. or local funds: $15,600,000 scheduling to be based on available funds Dam Improve emergency procedures to EMC No added Failure efficiently respond and avoid costs; work unnecessary risk to human Life, should into existing a nearby dam fail. programs Dam Promote FEMA-recommended Public Works No added Failure construction methods for any new dam costs; work development. Provide educational into existing materials in public offices, such as the programs floodplain manager’s office, EMC’s office, tax office, inspector’s office, permit office, etc.; and offer links to FEMA publications on the local website.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 198
Hazard 2018 City of Longview Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Flood Severe Loss-Repetitive loss HMP Home Public Works Grant funds purchases in flood plain: participate or local with FEMA's program. funds: $1,200,000 scheduling based on available funds Flood Improve residential properties with a Public Works Grant funds history of flooding through the City's or local Master Drainage program. funds: $1,000,000 scheduling based on available funds Flood Improve street culverts and bridges that Public Works Grant funds are undersized or have reached their or local design life per City's Master Drainage funds: program. $2,500,000 scheduling based on available funds Extreme Provide bottled water and ice to outdoor Administration, No added Heat workers, the homeless, and others at Police Dept., cost; work city parks and other distribution centers. Fire Dept., into existing Coordinate donations from businesses Public Works programs and individuals, and distribute as needed.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 199
Hazard 2018 City of Longview Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Extreme Partner with local charities and churches EMC, Public No added Heat to conduct a “fan drive” to aid low- Information cost; work income individuals and families by into existing providing fans and window air programs conditioners to the needy during times of extreme heat.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 200
Hazard 2018 City of White Oak Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
Tornado Partner with ETCOG to seek Administration, No added cost; FEMA grant funding to offer Public work into existing individual family Safe Room Information programs; ETCOG rebate program. Once the will write grant program is operational, White application and Oak will publicize the program administer to its citizens and work with program ETCOG to encourage residents to apply.
Tornado Check condition and test EMC No added cost; warning sirens; repair if work into existing needed. programs
Tornado Create an action plan for city Administration, No added cost; employees outlining response EMC work into existing activities for the aftermath of programs a tornado.
Tornado Create and implement a Administration, No added cost; public education plan EMC, Public work into existing informing the public about Information programs tornado mitigation actions.
Tornado Conduct first aid classes for EMC, Fire Dept., No added cost; the public to provide Red Cross work into existing knowledge in life saving skills. programs
Tornado Create or locate local shelters Administration, Grant funds or for victims of tornadoes to be EMC local funds: About utilized before and after a $60,000 to build tornado disaster. shelter
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 201
Hazard 2018 City of White Oak Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
Wildfire Regulate and/or ban outdoor Administration, No added cost; burning during drought EMC work into existing conditions to prevent programs accidental fires from spreading.
Wildfire Publicize information to EMC, Public No added cost; citizens on the mitigation of Information work into existing wildfires. programs
Wildfire Create a list of resources to be EMC, Fire Dept. No added cost; used during a major wildfire work into existing situation. This should include programs equipment, water trucks, additional manpower and contact information for those surrounding departments with which White Oak has interlocal agreements.
Wildfire Develop training classes in EMC No added cost; conjunction with the Texas work into existing Forest Service to provide programs knowledge to citizens on mitigation of wildfires.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 202
Hazard 2018 ETCOG Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Tornado, Develop and implement a public Public Safety No added Wind Storm, education campaign to inform and Public cost; work Flood, individuals and families of the dangers Information into existing Extreme of natural hazards and ways in which programs Heat, Hail they can protect themselves, their Storm, loved ones and their property. Place Lightning, mitigation information on the ETCOG Drought website. Tornado, Schedule and hold public meetings to Public Safety, No added Wind Storm, discuss hazard mitigation topics; invite Public cost; work Flood, community leaders, emergency Information into existing Extreme responders and members of the public programs Heat, Hail to suggest ways to improve local Storm, emergency response and to brainstorm Lightning, about new mitigation actions for Drought ETCOG and its member jurisdictions. Tornado, Apply for NOAA’s Storm Ready Public Safety No added Wind Storm, Communities designation and cost; work Flood, encourage all ETCOG member into existing Extreme jurisdictions to participate programs Heat, Hail (http://www.stormready.noaa.go Storm, v/howto.htm). Lightning, Drought Tornado, Develop and implement a public Public Safety No added Windstorm, education campaign to encourage and Public cost; work Flood people to register for CODE RED Information into existing emergency notification system. programs Tornado, Apply annually for grant funding to Public Safety No added Windstorm, provide CODE RED emergency cost; work Flood notification services for the 14-county into existing region, including all member cities. programs
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 203
Hazard 2018 ETCOG Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Tornado & Seek FEMA grant funding to offer and Public Safety No added Windstorm administer an individual family Storm will write cost; work Shelter rebate program throughout the grant into existing ETCOG region. This program has been application; programs planned and is ready for immediate Aging will implementation, when funding is administer obtained. program if funded. Tornado & Create and implement an emergency Public Safety No added Windstorm plan for ETCOG that outlines cost; work evacuation, sheltering location and into existing logistics for employees in the event of programs threatening weather events. Flood Develop and implement a plan to Transportation No added efficiently use ETCOG GoBus resources cost; work in the event of an emergency into existing evacuation anywhere in the ETCOG programs region. Flood Train GIS mapping personnel to use GIS Mapping No added HAZUS software to estimate potential cost; work losses from floods and to visualize the into existing effects of such hazards; share results programs with all jurisdictions. There is a data deficiency for flood maps, and this action would mitigate the data deficiency by training personnel to use HAZUS. Lightning Add lightning arrestors to all ETCOG Operations Grant funds buildings. or local funds: $2,500 per building
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 204
Hazard 2018 ETCOG Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost Extreme Develop and implement a rebate Executive Grant funds Heat program to assist low income families Director, or local to purchase fans. Operations, funds: $25 Public per fan Information purchased Hail Storm Inspect the roof on each ETCOG Administration Grant funds building. Replace or reinforce any roof and or local which is vulnerable to hail damage. Operations funds: Inspection: $125 per building; roof hardening or replacement, $3,000 or more per building Drought Increase public awareness of ways to Public Safety No added conserve water, prevent loss of and Public cost; work valuable topsoil, and reduce the effects Information into existing of drought. Coordinate this effort with programs local agriculture agents; local Farm Bureau staff members; agricultural science, earth science, and natural science teachers at local schools, and other interested parties. Drought Replace toilets with low-flow fixtures Maintenance Local funds: $200 each Flood Create drainage ditches at lower ends Administration Local funds: of parking areas, to remove standing and Operations $1,200 per water. parking area
Wind Harden COG-owned buildings to better Administration Local funds: Storm resist wind storms. and Operations about $10,000 per building
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 205
Implementation of Action Items
The Mitigation Planning Team prioritized the actions using the STAPLE+E criteria, a planning tool used to evaluate alternative actions. The following table explains the STAPLE+E criteria.
STAPLE+E Criteria Explanation S – Social Mitigation actions are acceptable to the community if they do not adversely affect a particular segment of the population, do not cause relocation of lower income people, and if they are compatible with the community’s social and cultural values. T – Technical Mitigation actions are technically most effective if they provide long- term reduction of losses and have minimal secondary adverse impacts. A – Administrative Mitigation actions are easier to implement if the jurisdiction has the necessary staffing and funding. P – Political Mitigation actions can truly be successful if all stakeholders have been offered an opportunity to participate in the planning process and if there is public support for the action. L – Legal It is critical that the jurisdiction or implementing agency have the legal authority to implement and enforce a mitigation action. E – Economic Budget constraints can significantly deter the implementation of mitigation actions. Hence, it is important to evaluate whether an action is cost-effective, as determined by a cost benefit review, and possible to fund. E – Environmental Sustainable mitigation actions that do not have an adverse effect on the environment, that comply with Federal, State, and local environmental regulations, and that are consistent with the community’s environmental goals, have mitigation benefits while being environmentally sound. The jurisdictions each selected the action items felt to be most relevant and practical for implementation. The mitigation actions with highest priority were the most cost effective and most compatible with the communities’ social and cultural values. The team selected the actions for the initial implementation phase of the plan based on the hazard priority ranking, ease of implementation and available funding.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 206
Items rated A are anticipated to be completed within the first year of plan implementation; items rated B will require two to three years; items rated C are expected to require four years or more to complete. Within each category, numbers reflect priority; thus, A-1 will be implemented prior to A-2, and so on down the list.
The following charts show the priority of implementation of action items, the responsible agency, and the anticipated cost.
Priority Hazard 2018 Gregg County Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
A-1 Wildfire, Develop and implement a EMC, Public No added Tornado, public education campaign to Information, cost; work Flood, inform residents of the Information into existing Severe dangers of natural hazards Technology programs Winter and suggested mitigation Storm, actions for individuals and Wind families. Storm, Lightning, Hail Storm
A-2 Wildfire, Encourage more residents to EMC, Public No added Tornado, sign up for Code Red Information, cost; work Flood, emergency warning Information into existing Severe notification system. Post Technology programs Winter notices in public places and on Storm, public websites, facebook Wind pages, and other social media Storm, Lightning, outlets. Hail Storm
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 207
Priority Hazard 2018 Gregg County Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
A-3 Wildfire, Use Code Red and social EMC, Public No added Tornado, media to warn residents and Information, cost; work Flood, the public of impending Information into existing Severe natural hazard events. Technology programs Winter Storm, Wind Storm, Lightning, Hail Storm
A-4 Tornado, Sponsor “Storm Spotter” EMC, Public No added Wind classes quarterly in Information cost; work Storm, Hail partnership with the National into existing Storm, Weather Service and programs Lightning, Longview Fire Department. Severe Winter Storm
A-5 Wildfire Issue, publicize and enforce Administration, No added burn bans in times of drought. EMC, Public cost; work Information, into existing Information programs Technology, Sheriff’s Office
A-6 Wildfire, Implement a new and EMC, County No added Severe expanded program to partner Road & Bridge cost; work Winter with utility companies to keep into existing Storm, right-of-way clear and to trim programs Wind Storm tree limbs that may fall on electric or telephone lines.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 208
Priority Hazard 2018 Gregg County Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
B-1 Tornado & Partner with ETCOG to seek Administration, No added Wind FEMA grant funding to offer Public cost; work Storm individual family Safe Room Information into existing rebate program. Once the programs; program is operational, Gregg ETCOG will County will publicize the write grant program to its citizens and application work with ETCOG to and encourage residents to apply. administer program
B-2 Wildfire Work with the Texas A&M Administration, No added Forest Service to attain “Fire- EMC cost; work Wise Community” status into existing programs
B-3 Tornado, Partner with the National EMC, Public No added Wind Weather Service & local Information cost; work Storm, Hail meteorologist to plan and into existing Storm, implement a public awareness programs Severe campaign to alert the public Winter to the meaning of NWS Storm, “watch” and “warning” and Extreme Heat how to respond.
C-1 Flood Clean and Upgrade major County Road & Grant funds culvert areas which are prone Bridge or Local to flooding (about 12 funds locations planned for the next $467,000.00 5 years)
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 209
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Clarksville Responsible Anticipated City Actions Agency Cost
A-1 Wind Partner with ETCOG to seek Administration, No added Storm & FEMA grant funding to offer Public cost; work Tornado individual family Safe Room Information into existing rebate program. Once the programs; program is operational, ETCOG will Clarksville City will publicize write grant the program to its citizens and application work with ETCOG to and encourage residents to apply. administer program
A-2 Flood Monitor flood-prone areas Public Works No added and remove debris from cost; work drainage culverts when into existing needed to alleviate potential programs flooding hazards.
A-3 Tornado Improve early warning Administration, No added systems to notify citizens of Public cost; work tornado warnings. This could Information into existing include Facebook programs notifications, Clarksville – Warren City VFD web page, and the improved use of the Code Red warning system.
A-4 Lightning, Provide public education Administration, No added Hail Storm, regarding actions which may Public cost; work Wind be taken to mitigate the Information into existing Storm, impact of these natural programs Tornado, hazards. Drought, Wildfire, Flood
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 210
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Clarksville Responsible Anticipated City Actions Agency Cost
B-1 Drought Review drought contingency Administration No added plan and revise if needed; cost; work work with surrounding water into existing systems to ensure all area programs citizens are appropriately supplied with drinking water during extreme drought.
C-1 Wildfire Implement program to Public Works No added remove debris and fuels that cost; work increase the risk of wildfire. into existing programs
C-2 Lightning Install lightning arrestors on Administration, Grant funds all municipal buildings. Maintenance or Local funds: $1,000 per building
C-3 Hail Storm Provide covered parking to Administration, Grant funds protect municipal vehicles and Public Works or Local equipment. funds: $8,000
C-4 Wind Harden public buildings to Administration, Grant funds Storm protect against wind storms. Public Works, or Local Maintenance funds: $15,000
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 211
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Easton Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
A-1 Tornado & Partner with ETCOG to seek Administration, No added Wind FEMA grant funding for Public cost; ETCOG Storm individual family Safe Room Information will write rebate program. Once the grant program is operational, application & Easton will publicize the administer program to its citizens and program encourage residents to apply.
A-2 Tornado, Provide public education Administration, No added Severe regarding actions which may Public cost; work Winter be taken to mitigate the Information into existing Storm, impact of these natural programs Wildfire hazards.
A-3 Tornado, Improve early warning Administration, No added Severe systems to notify citizens of Public cost; work Winter tornado warnings and other Information into existing Storm, emergencies. This could programs Wildfire include Facebook notifications, creation and use of a city web page, and the improved use of the Code Red warning system.
A-4 Tornado, Encourage more residents to EMC, Public No added Severe sign up for Code Red Information, cost; work Winter emergency warning Information into existing Storm, notification system. Post Technology programs Wildfire notices in public places and on public websites, facebook pages, and other social media outlets.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 212
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Easton Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
A-5 Wildfire Work with the Easton Public Works No added Volunteer Fire Department to cost; work remove debris and fuels that into existing increase the risk of wildfire. programs
A-6 Severe Implement a program to EMC No added Winter partner with utility companies cost; work Storm to trim tree limbs that could into existing fall on utility transmission programs lines in icy weather or high wind conditions.
B-1 Wildfire Work with the local water Public Works Grant funds cooperative to upgrade water or Local mains from 2” to 6” diameter, funds: and install fire hydrants. $2,500 per hydrant
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 213
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Gladewater Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
A-1 Tornado & Partner with ETCOG to seek Administration, No added Wind FEMA grant funding to offer Public cost; work Storm individual family Safe Room Information into existing rebate program. Once the programs; program is operational, ETCOG will Gladewater will publicize the write grant program to its citizens and application work with ETCOG to and encourage residents to apply. administer program
A-2 Tornado, Develop, implement and EMC, Public No added Wind promote a public education Information, cost; work Storm, campaign to encourage the Information into existing Flood, Hail public to register for the Nixle Technology programs Storm warning system; put link on city websites and facebook pages.
A-3 Tornado, Develop and implement a EMC, Public No added Wind public education campaign to Information, cost; work Storm, inform the public about Information into existing Flood, mitigation actions they can Technology programs Extreme take to make their family and Heat, home safer. Put information Wildfire, and links to outside resources Hail Storm, Severe on city websites and facebook Winter pages. Storm, Lightning & Drought
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 214
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Gladewater Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
A-4 Tornado, Use Nixle and social media to EMC, Public No added Wind warn residents and the public Information, cost; work Storm, of impending natural hazard Information into existing Flood, events. Note: The City of Technology programs Extreme Gladewater has replaced Heat, Code Red with Nixle for the Wildfire, Emergency Messaging Hail Storm, Severe Service. Winter Storm, Lightning, Drought
A-5 Wildfire, Publicize and enforce county- Administration, No added Drought wide burn bans in times of EMC, Public cost; work drought; place notices on city Information, into existing websites and social media. Information programs Technology, Police Dept., Fire Dept.
A-6 Wildfire, Implement a new program to EMC, Pubic No added Severe partner with utility companies Works cost; work Winter to keep right-of-way clear and into existing Storm, to trim tree limbs that may fall programs Wind on electric or telephone lines. Storm
A-7 Flood Participate in the “Turn EMC, Police No added Around Don’t Drown” Dept., Fire cost; work campaign. Dept. into existing programs
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 215
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Gladewater Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
A-8 Extreme Provide bottled water and ice Administration, No added Heat to outdoor workers, the Police Dept., cost; work homeless, and others at city Fire Dept., into existing parks and other distribution Public Works programs centers. Coordinate donations from businesses and individuals, and distribute as needed.
A-9 Extreme Partner with local charities EMC, Public No added Heat and churches to conduct a Information cost; work “fan drive” to aid low-income into existing individuals and families by programs providing fans and window air conditioners to the needy during times of extreme heat.
A-10 Flood Implement program to Public Works No added remove debris from drainage cost; work culverts when needed to into existing alleviate potential flooding programs hazards.
B-1 Wildfire Work with the Texas A&M Administration, No added Forest Service to attain “Fire- EMC, Fire Dept. cost; work Wise Community” status into existing programs
C-1 Lightning Install lightning arrestors on Administration, Grant funds all municipal buildings. Maintenance or Local funds: About $1,000 per building
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 216
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Gladewater Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
C-2 Hail Storm Provide covered parking to Administration, Grant funds protect municipal vehicles and Public Works or Local equipment. funds: About $25,000
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 217
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Kilgore Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
A-1 Tornado & Partner with ETCOG to seek Administration, No added Wind FEMA grant funding to offer Public cost; work Storm individual family Safe Room Information into existing rebate program. Once the programs; program is operational, ETCOG will Kilgore will publicize the write grant program to its citizens and application work with ETCOG to and encourage residents to apply. administer program.
A-2 Tornado Fund and expand subscriber Kilgore Police Grant funds database of CodeRED Department or Local weather warning product. funds: $5,000
A-3 Tornado Establish direct link with the Kilgore Police No added National Weather Service Department cost; work during expected severe into existing weather and post updated, programs pertinent weather information on social media.
A-4 Flood Obtain awareness materials Kilgore Police No added from Texas Floodplain Department / cost; work Management Association for Kilgore Fire into existing distribution to the Department programs public. Post public awareness content on social media platforms prior to and during flooding.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 218
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Kilgore Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
A-5 Wind Place mitigation tips on city Kilgore Police No added Storm website and social media Department / cost; work telling how to prevent or Kilgore Fire into existing reduce property damage from Department programs high winds. Post updated, pertinent weather information on social media.
A-6 Wind Perform tests and City of Kilgore No added Storm maintenance on generators Building cost; work installed at critical Maintenance into existing infrastructure locations to programs ensure consistent performance during a loss of electrical service.
A-7 Drought Post information to social Kilgore Police No added media announcing county Department / cost; work burn bans, "red flag" Kilgore Fire into existing advisories from the National Department programs Weather Service, and tips to conserve water.
A-8 Drought Implement water use City of Kilgore No added restrictions during extreme Water Utilities cost; work drought conditions into existing threatening the water supply. programs
A-9 Severe Perform tests and City of Kilgore No added Winter maintenance on generators Building cost; work Storm installed at critical Maintenance into existing infrastructure locations to programs ensure consistent performance during a loss of electrical service.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 219
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Kilgore Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
A-10 Lightning Post public education Kilgore Police No added information on social media Department / cost; work regarding lightning safety tips Kilgore Fire into existing and how to mitigate lightning Department` programs damage.
A-11 Wildfire Develop, implement and City of Kilgore No added publicize a new program to Code cost; work enforce code ordinances Enforcement into existing relating to natural vegetation programs restrictions on private property, including mowing abandoned properties and properties in non-compliance.
A-12 Wildfire The Parks Department will City of Kilgore Grant funds mow and clear natural Parks or Local vegetation on public property Department funds: throughout the city, to reduce $10,000 the risk of wildfire extension.
A-13 Hail Storm Create a public education Kilgore Police No added campaign to promote the use Department / cost; work of roofing materials that Kilgore Fire into existing better resist hail damage. Department programs Include mitigation tips to prevent damage to valuable property during hail storms.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 220
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Kilgore Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
A-14 Extreme Provide bottled water and ice Administration, No added Heat to outdoor workers, the Police Dept., cost; work homeless, and others at city Fire Dept., into existing parks and other distribution Public Works programs centers. Coordinate donations from businesses and individuals, and distribute as needed.
A-15 Extreme Partner with local charities EMC, Public No added Heat and churches to conduct a Information cost; work “fan drive” to aid low-income into existing individuals and families by programs providing fans and window air conditioners to the needy during times of extreme heat.
A-16 Tornado, Develop and implement a City of Kilgore No added Flood, Wind public education campaign to Public cost; work Storm, inform the public about Information into existing Drought, mitigation actions they can Officer, EMC programs Severe Winter take to make their family and and IT Storm, home safer. Put information Department Lightning, and links to outside resources Wildfire, on city websites and facebook Hail Storm, pages. Extreme Heat
B-1 Wind Partner with power utility City of Kilgore No added Storm, (SWEPCO) to implement an Public Works cost; work Severe expanded tree trimming into existing Winter program and identify areas programs Storm for additional tree trimming.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 221
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Kilgore Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
B-2 Severe Street Department will City of Kilgore Grant funds Winter prepare dump trucks with Street or Local Storm appropriate road salt mix and Department funds: spreading equipment to treat $20,000 major bridges during icy conditions.
B-3 Lightning Perform survey of public City of Kilgore Grant funds buildings and critical Building or Local infrastructure for lightning Maintenance funds: rods and arresting $10,000 equipment. Purchase and install lightning rods and arresting equipment where the need is identified.
C-1 Tornado Install new warning sirens. Kilgore Police Grant funds Department or Local funds: $50,000
C-2 Flood Seek master drainage study City of Kilgore Grant funds and plan to evaluate future Public Works or Local drainage enhancement funds: projects. $25,000
C-3 Flood Seek funding for purchase of City of Kilgore Grant funds previously identified repetitive Administration or Local loss properties. Re-purpose funds: repetitive loss properties into $3,200,000 green space and incorporate into city park system.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 222
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Kilgore Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
C-4 Hail Storm Provide covered parking to Administration, Grant funds protect municipal vehicles and Public Works or local equipment. funds: About $25,000
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 223
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Lakeport Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
A-1 Tornado, Improve early warning Administration, No added Wind Storm, systems to notify citizens of Public cost for Code Severe tornado warnings and other Information Red and Winter Storm, emergencies. This could Facebook; Flood include Facebook work into notifications, creation and existing use of a city web page, and programs. the improved use of the New warning Code Red warning system. sirens will The City of Lakeport cost about also wants to apply for a $82,000. FEMA grant to purchase (Local funds and install 4 warning plus grant sirens; this is a very high funds) priority.
A-2 Tornado & Partner with ETCOG to seek Administration, No added Wind Storm FEMA grant funding to offer Public cost; work individual family Safe Room Information into existing rebate program. Once the programs; program is operational, ETCOG will Lakeport will publicize the write grant program to its citizens and application work with ETCOG to and encourage residents to administer apply. program
A-3 Tornado, Wind Encourage residents to sign EMC, Public No added Storm, Severe up for Code Red emergency Information, cost; work Winter Storm, warning system. Post Information into existing Flood notices in public places and Technology programs on public websites, facebook pages, and other social media outlets.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 224
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Lakeport Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
A-4 Wind Storm, Provide public education Administration, No added Tornado, regarding actions which Public cost; work Severe Winter may be taken to mitigate Information into existing Storm, Flood the impact of these natural programs hazards. Partner with Elderville – Lakeport Volunteer Fire Department to put mitigation information on their web page at www.elvfd.com
A-5 Severe Partner with utility EMC No added Winter Storm, companies to develop and cost; work Wind Storm implement a program to into existing trim tree limbs that could programs fall on utility transmission lines in icy weather or high wind conditions.
C-1 Tornado, Replace or upgrade Public Works About Severe Winter generators for wastewater $8,000 per Storm, Flood, treatment & lift stations to generator Wind Storm prevent interruption of Grant funds service. or Local funds
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 225
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Longview Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
A-1 Wind Check the location and EMC No added Storm, condition of warning sirens; if cost; work Tornado, repairs or additional units are into existing Flood, needed, determine cost and programs Dam make recommendation to Failure governing body.
A-2 Wildfire Enhance emergency services Fire Department No added to increase the efficiency of cost; work wildfire response and into existing recovery activities. programs
A-3 Wildfire Seek training opportunities, Fire Department Grant funds and publicize them to all or Local emergency responders funds: Potential Overtime not to exceed $5,000
A-4 Flood Promote the “Turn Around EMC No added Don’t Drown” campaign, in cost; work partnership with DPS. into existing programs
A-5 Extreme Conduct public information Media No added Heat campaign to remind citizens Development cost; work to hydrate and avoid direct into existing exposure to the sun between programs the peak UV hours of 1 p.m. to 4 p.m., to prevent heat stroke.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 226
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Longview Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
A-6 Extreme Provide bottled water and ice Administration, No added Heat to outdoor workers, the Police Dept., cost; work homeless, and others at city Fire Dept., into existing parks and other distribution Public Works programs centers. Coordinate donations from businesses and individuals, and distribute as needed.
A-7 Extreme Partner with local charities EMC, Public No added Heat and churches to conduct a Information cost; work “fan drive” to aid low-income into existing individuals and families by programs providing fans and window air conditioners to the needy during times of extreme heat.
B-1 Wind Create and implement an EMC, Public No added Storm, education campaign to inform Information, cost; work Flood, the public of the dangers of other Public into existing Extreme natural hazards and teach Officials programs Heat, mitigation techniques to Lightning, reduce the impact of these Hail hazards. include hazard Storm, mitigation messages in their Tornado, newsletters, web pages, and Wildfire, speeches, as appropriate. The Dam EMC will accept opportunities Failure to speak to service clubs and school groups about hazard mitigation, and will encourage other emergency management professionals to do the same.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 227
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Longview Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
B-2 Flood Ensure that critical facilities Public Works No added owned by the jurisdiction are cost; work protected from flood. Inspect into existing all critical facilities and programs consider the flood risk of each. Consult FEMA publications, and ask an expert for additional suggestions in floodproofing, if needed. Consider cost and potential benefits, and make recommendation to governing body.
B-3 Wildfire Work with the Texas A&M Fire Department No added Forest Service to identify cost; work Wildland-Urban Interface into existing areas; develop and programs implement a plan to reduce risk.
B-4 Lightning Install lightning arrestors on Public Works Grant funds all public buildings; check or Local existing units to ensure that funds: they are properly installed $2,500 each and working correctly.
B-5 Wildfire Sponsor a booth at local Fire Department Grant funds events, to hand out free or Local literature about the dangers funds: of wildfire and what Printing mitigation actions people can costs not to take to reduce the risk of fire exceed damage to their homes and $1,000 businesses.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 228
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Longview Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
B-6 Flood Seek state and FEMA Public Works / Grant funds sponsored training in flood Development or Local mitigation for key personnel. Services funds: $2,000 per year
B-7 Flood Improve the long-range Development No added management and use of Services cost; work flood-prone areas by the into existing adoption and enforcement of programs local ordinances to regulate new development within the floodplain. Review and revise ordinances, when needed.
B-8 Flood Place links on local websites Media No added to free FEMA training for Development cost; work independent study via the into existing internet, such as 15-271 programs “Anticipating Hazardous Weather and Community Risk.”
C-1 Wind Increase local training EMC, Public No added Storm, opportunities for citizens, to Information cost; work Flood, encourage their involvement into existing Extreme in mitigation efforts. Partner programs Heat, with ETCOG, TDEM, Texas Lightning, A&M Forestry Service, TEEX, Hail Storm, FEMA, and others, to bring Tornado, Wildfire, free and low-cost mitigation Dam training to Longview. Send Failure PSAs to media to publicize these training opportunities.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 229
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Longview Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
C-2 Wind Develop public and private EMC No added Storm, partnerships with businesses, cost; work Flood, service organizations, and into existing Extreme other community groups to programs Heat, work together on local Lightning, mitigation projects, mitigation Hail Storm, planning, and cooperative Tornado, Wildfire, mitigation actions. Dam Failure
C-3 Flood Work with state and federal Public Works / No added agencies to maintain current Development cost; work flood maps. Services into existing programs
C-4 Wildfire Implement all available Environmental Grant funds measures to reduce the Health / Public or Local potential magnitude of a Works funds: wildfire event on public- $562,739.60 owned property. Schedule regular mowing of grass, trimming of trees and shrubs; consider plowing a firebreak in hazard areas.
C-5 Wind Partner with ETCOG to seek Administration, No added Storm & FEMA grant funding to offer Public cost; ETCOG Tornado individual family Safe Room Information will write rebate program. Once the grant program is operational, application Longview will publicize the and program and encourage administer residents to apply. program.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 230
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Longview Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
C-6 Hail Storm Provide shelter for supplies Facility Services Grant funds and equipment at critical or Local facilities. funds: $20,000
C-7 Wind As new structures are Public Works Based on Storm & planned, built, harden public available Tornado structures to protect the funding. building and its contents, and Pursue Grant to provide a safe place for Options. humans during a storm.
C-8 Flood Purchase properties in Public Works Grant funds floodplain areas to reserve or Local them from development. funds: $15,600,000 scheduling based on funding
C-9 Dam Improve emergency EMC No added Failure procedures to efficiently costs; work respond and avoid into existing unnecessary risk to human programs Life, should a nearby dam fail.
C-10 Dam Promote FEMA-recommended Public Works No added Failure construction methods for any costs; work new dam development. Provide into existing educational materials in public programs offices, such as the floodplain manager’s office, EMC’s office, tax office, inspector’s office, permit office, etc.; and offer links to FEMA publications on the local website.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 231
Priority Hazard 2018 City of Longview Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
C-11 Flood Severe Loss-Repetitive loss Public Works Grant funds HMP Home purchases in flood or Local plain: participate with FEMA's funds: program. $1,200,000 scheduling based on funding
C-12 Flood Improve residential properties Public Works Grant funds with a history of flooding or Local through the City's Master funds: Drainage program. $1,000,000 scheduling based on funding
C-13 Flood Improve street culverts and Public Works Grant funds bridges that are undersized or or Local have reached their design life funds: per City's Master Drainage $2,500,000 program. scheduling based on funding
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 232
Priority Hazard 2018 City of White Oak Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
A-1 Tornado Partner with ETCOG to seek Administration, No added FEMA grant funding to offer Public cost; work individual family Safe Room Information into existing rebate program. Once the programs; program is operational, White ETCOG will Oak will publicize the program write grant to its citizens and work with application ETCOG to encourage and residents to apply. administer program
A-2 Tornado Check condition and test EMC No added warning sirens; repair if cost; work needed. into existing programs
A-3 Tornado Create an action plan for city Administration, No added employees outlining response EMC cost; work activities for the aftermath of into existing a tornado. programs
A-4 Tornado Create and implement a Administration, No added public education plan EMC, Public cost; work informing the public about Information into existing tornado mitigation actions. programs
A-5 Tornado Conduct first aid classes for EMC, Fire Dept., No added the public to provide Red Cross cost; work knowledge in life saving skills. into existing programs
A-6 Wildfire Regulate and/or ban outdoor Administration, No added burning during drought EMC cost; work conditions to prevent into existing accidental fires from programs spreading.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 233
Priority Hazard 2018 City of White Oak Responsible Anticipated Actions Agency Cost
A-7 Wildfire Publicize information to EMC, Public No added citizens on the mitigation of Information cost; work wildfires. into existing programs
A-8 Wildfire Create a list of resources to be EMC, Fire Dept. No added used during a major wildfire cost; work situation. This should include into existing equipment, water trucks, programs additional manpower and contact information for those surrounding departments with which White Oak has interlocal agreements.
B-1 Wildfire Develop training classes in EMC No added conjunction with the Texas cost; work Forest Service to provide into existing knowledge to citizens on programs mitigation of wildfires.
C-1 Tornado Create or locate local shelters Administration, About for victims of tornadoes to be EMC $60,000 to utilized before and after a build shelter tornado disaster. Grant funds or local funds
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 234
Priority Hazard 2018 ETCOG Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost
A-1 Tornado Seek FEMA grant funding to offer Public Safety No added & Wind and administer an individual family will write cost; work Storm Storm Shelter rebate program grant into existing throughout the ETCOG region. application; programs Aging will administer the program if funded.
A-2 Tornado, Apply annually for grant funding to Public Safety No added Wind provide CODE RED emergency cost; work Storm, notification services for the 14- into existing Flood county region, including all programs member cities.
A-3 Tornado, Develop and implement a public Public Safety No added Wind education campaign to encourage and Public cost; work Storm, people to register for CODE RED Information into existing Flood emergency notification system (or programs Nixle, for Gladewater residents).
A-4 Tornado, Develop and implement a public Public Safety No added Wind education campaign to inform and Public cost; work Storm, individuals and families of the Information into existing Flood, dangers of natural hazards and programs Extreme ways in which they can protect Heat, Hail themselves, their loved ones and Storm, their property. Place mitigation Lightning & information on the ETCOG Drought website.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 235
Priority Hazard 2018 ETCOG Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost
A-5 Tornado, Schedule and hold public meetings Public Safety No added Wind to discuss hazard mitigation topics; and Public cost; work Storm, invite community leaders, Information into existing Flood, emergency responders and programs Extreme members of the public to suggest Heat, Hail ways to improve local emergency Storm, response and to brainstorm about Lightning & new mitigation actions for ETCOG Drought and its member jurisdictions.
A-6 Tornado Create and implement an Public Safety, No added & Wind emergency plan for ETCOG that Administration cost; work Storm outlines evacuation, sheltering into existing location and logistics for programs employees in the event of threatening weather events.
A-7 Extreme Develop and implement a rebate Executive Grant funds Heat program to assist low income Director, or local families to purchase fans. Operations, funds: $25 Public per fan Information purchased
A-8 Drought Increase public awareness of ways Public Safety No added to conserve water, prevent loss of and Public cost; work valuable topsoil, and reduce the Information into existing effects of drought. Coordinate this programs effort with local agriculture agents; local Farm Bureau staff members; agricultural science, earth science, and natural science teachers at local schools, and other interested parties.
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Priority Hazard 2018 ETCOG Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost
B-1 Lightning Add lightning arrestors to all Operations Grant funds ETCOG buildings. or local funds: $2,500 per building
B-2 Hail Inspect the roof on each ETCOG Administration Grant funds Storm building. Replace or reinforce any and Operations or local roof which is vulnerable to hail funds: damage. Inspection: $125 per building; roof replacement, $8,000 per building
B-3 Flood Train GIS mapping personnel to GIS Mapping No added use HAZUS software to estimate cost; work potential losses from floods and to into existing visualize the effects of such programs hazards; share results with all jurisdictions. There is a data deficiency for flood maps, and this action would mitigate the data deficiency by training personnel to use HAZUS.
B-4 Flood Develop and implement a plan to Transportation No added efficiently use ETCOG GoBus cost; work resources in the event of an into existing emergency evacuation anywhere programs in the ETCOG region.
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Priority Hazard 2018 ETCOG Actions Responsible Anticipated Agency Cost
B-5 Tornado, Apply for NOAA’s Storm Ready Public Safety No added Wind, Communities designation and cost; work Flood, encourage all ETCOG member into existing Extreme jurisdictions to participate programs Heat, (http://www.stormready.noa Hail, a.gov/howto.htm). Lightnin g, Severe Winter Storm, Drought
C-1 Drought Replace toilets with low-flow Maintenance $200 each fixtures Local funds
C-2 Flood Create drainage ditches at lower Administration Local funds: ends of parking areas, to remove and Operations $1,200 per standing water. parking area
C-3 Wind Harden COG-owned buildings to Administration Local funds: Storm better resist wind storms. and Operations about $10,000 per building
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Projects Completed Under Expiring Plan
2013 Action Items Result EARTHQUAKE
Technical assistance for homeowners Deleted – change in priority; earthquake teaching them how to seismically is not perceived to be a hazard requiring strengthen their homes. mitigation by Gregg County jurisdictions.
Construct a survey instrument for schools Deleted – change in priority; earthquake to inventory structural & non-structural is not perceived to be a hazard requiring hazards. mitigation by Gregg County jurisdictions.
DAM FAILURE
Adopt a local wetland protection Deleted – change in priority; no proposed ordinance to protect and preserve development threatens wetlands near any wetlands bordering the 4 lakes. of the 4 lakes considered to be candidates for mitigation.
Collect data for all 4 High Hazard Dams in City of Longview completed this task in Gregg Co. The data collected shall include 2015. Dam inspection reports were a demarcation of the dam inundation completed, inundation areas determined, area. and Emergency Action Plans were prepared for R & K Lake and Lake Lamond Dams.
Gregg County completed this task and determined that there are no potential inundation areas which threaten any structures or roads in rural Gregg County; therefore, Dam Failure is not a hazard to be mitigated by Gregg County. This is a change in priority from the 2013 update.
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2013 Action Items Result WINTER ICE STORM
Coordinate City, County and volunteer In the City of Longview, this is regularly efforts to remove trees impinging on done by Longview Public Works Dept. or power lines and public utility works in local utility company employees. roadways BEFORE storms with special emphasis on soliciting assistance from the In Gregg County, this is regularly done by ALERT academy. the County Road and Bridge crews or by local utility company employees.
In Clarksville City, Easton and Lakeport, this is regularly done by the local utility companies.
In Gladewater, Kilgore and White Oak, this is regularly done by the City Public Works Dept. or local utility company employees.
Make the County website a permanent Gregg County now has a permanent site that includes both ice storm hazard website which includes an Emergency mitigation and response sections and that Management page: provides information about potential (http://www.co.gregg.tx.us/emergency- hazards, provides educational management) and a link to the Code Red materials, and allows citizens to submit website where people can sign up to comments or input pertaining to existing receive emergency notifications: or emerging hazards. Promote the (https://public.coderedweb.com/CNE/en- website with posters and/or printed US/D993E5C1AE2E) brochures which would be posted and The County website also includes a Fire available at all county and city public Marshal page which gives information buildings. about outdoor burning regulations, burn bans, fire weather, fire safety and Tier II reporting: (http://www.co.gregg.tx.us/fire-marshal) The Gregg County Sheriff’s Office also has a website: (http://www.greggcountytxsheriff.org/)
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2013 Action Items Result TORNADO
Install FEMA Safe Room at the County Deleted, because the EOC is rated to EOC. withstand winds from a Category 5 hurricane. Also, the EOC is located in space leased from AT&T and this type of building modification falls outside the parameters set forth by the lease agreement. This is not a priority for the 2018 Hazard Mitigation Action Plan.
Fund and operate an audible warning The City of Longview has 20 outdoor siren system in the cities within the warning sirens and works in conjunction county, and fund operating “Code Red” or with Code Red as an additional method of similar reverse-911 warning system. receiving emergency alerts. Residents are continually encouraged to sign up for Code Red as a primary means of receiving alerts within the City of Longview.
The City of Clarksville City uses Code Red to send emergency alerts. Residents are encouraged to sign up for Code Red as a primary means of receiving alerts.
The City of Easton uses Code Red to send emergency alerts. Residents are encouraged to sign up for Code Red as a primary means of receiving alerts.
The City of Gladewater uses Nixle to send emergency alerts. Residents are encouraged to sign up for Nixle as a primary means of receiving alerts.
The City of Kilgore has 14 outdoor warning sirens and also uses Code Red to send emergency alerts. Residents are
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2013 Action Items Result encouraged to sign up for Code Red as a primary means of receiving alerts.
The City of Lakeport uses Code Red to send emergency alerts. Residents are encouraged to sign up for Code Red as a primary means of receiving alerts. Lakeport plans to apply for FEMA grant funding to install 4 new warning sirens in the near future.
The City of White Oak has 6 outdoor warning sirens and also uses Code Red to send emergency alerts. Residents are encouraged to sign up for Code Red as a primary means of receiving alerts.
Code Red is used throughout Gregg County and all participating cities, funded by a grant which was awarded to and is administered by ETCOG. The City of Gladewater has chosen to use Nixle.
THUNDERSTORM
Coordinate City, County and volunteer In the City of Longview, this is regularly efforts to remove trees impinging on done by Longview Public Works Dept. or power lines and public utility works in local utility company employees. roadways BEFORE storms with special emphasis on soliciting assistance from the In Gregg County, this is regularly done by ALERT academy. the County Road and Bridge crews or by local utility company employees.
In Clarksville City, Easton and Lakeport, this is regularly done by the local utility companies.
In Gladewater, Kilgore and White Oak, this is regularly done by the City Public Works Dept. or local utility companies.
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2013 Action Items Result
Warn citizens prior to hazard events by The City of Longview has 20 outdoor operating and maintaining Code Red warning sirens and uses Code Red as an reverse 911 system, and posting useful additional method of sending emergency information for citizens on County alerts. Residents are continually website and promote its use with posters encouraged to sign up for Code Red as a and brochures available at all municipal primary means of receiving alerts within and county offices. the City of Longview.
Code Red is used throughout Gregg County and all participating cities, funded by a grant which was awarded to and is administered by ETCOG. The City of Gladewater has chosen to use Nixle.
DROUGHT
Draft and Implement NEW City City of Longview: Deleted, because the Ordinance BEFORE drought that outlines City has 3 independent water sources water restriction schedule during times of which are capable of meeting all drought, including the penalties anticipated needs, so no restrictions are associated with the newly written Code. implemented due to drought conditions.
City of Clarksville City: Deleted due to change in priorities.
City of Easton: Deleted. The City has no public water supply; residents depend on a water co-op. There is no City plan for water restrictions.
City of Gladewater: Deleted due to change in priorities.
City of Kilgore: Deleted due to change in priorities.
City of Lakeport: Deleted. The City has no public water supply; residents depend
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2013 Action Items Result on a water co-op. There is no City plan for water restrictions.
City of White Oak: Deleted due to change in priorities.
Distribute public awareness information City of Longview: Deleted. Because the brochures regarding droughts to City has 3 independent water sources encourage citizens to lower their water which are capable of meeting all use during drought periods. Also, post anticipated needs, no restrictions are this type of information on the county implemented due to drought conditions. web site and publicize the site with posters and brochures at public municipal City of Clarksville City: Deleted due to and county buildings. change in priorities.
City of Easton: Deleted. Because the City has no public water supply, the residents are dependent on a water co-op. Therefore, the City has no plan to mitigate drought by encouraging lower water usage.
City of Gladewater: Deleted due to change in priorities.
City of Kilgore: Deleted due to change in priorities.
City of Lakeport: Deleted. Because the City has no public water supply, the residents are dependent on a water co- op. Therefore, the City has no plan to mitigate drought by encouraging lower water usage.
City of White Oak: Deleted due to change in priorities.
Gregg County: Deleted due to change in priorities.
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2013 Action Items Result WILDFIRE
Hazardous Fuels Reduction: Deleted due to change in priorities. TWO PARTS First: Create and implement a community-wide program seeking voluntary participation from homeowners to remove trees and debris. Second: Removal of fuel supplies on the ground and at ladder height at subdivisions by the VFD/FD BEFORE a WUI Fire conflagration starts. This will reduce effects of wildfire on both new and existing buildings and infrastructure.
Conduct a Seminar/Workshop to City of Longview: Deleted due to change discuss and solve observed problems in priorities. during wildfire events. Develop, print, post on county web site, Gregg County: The Fire Marshal’s web and circulate educational pamphlet page (http://www.co.gregg.tx.us/fire- aimed at measures public can take to marshal) includes links to the Texas A&M mitigate wildfire hazard. Action can Forest Service website and the U.S. Fire reduce effects of wildfire hazard on both Administration website, where fire hazard new and existing buildings and mitigation information is available. infrastructure by developing better response and prevention measures.
FLOOD
Complete dry flood proofing measures Deleted due to change in priorities. at all City Hall buildings and at the County Courthouse. Seals a structure with waterproofing compounds, sheeting, or other impermeable materials to prevent floodwaters from entering. The seals can be either permanently installed, or temporarily put into place during a flood.
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2013 Action Items Result Property Acquisition: City of Longview: In progress; the City of Longview will continue to purchase Purchase existing structures located in structures that are prone to frequent the flood plain which are prone to flooding. frequent flooding. Other jurisdictions: Deferred due to lack of funding and/or change in priorities.
Re-channelization: City of Longview: In progress; in 2016, County Hazard Mitigation Officer, and the City of Longview received partial Emergency Management Coordinators will funding from FEMA for re-channelization each conduct a visual survey of low-lying along Johnston Creek in Longview. bridges and highway culverts within their Additional projects will be proposed as jurisdiction to determine what which ones needs become apparent. might benefit from Re-channelization BEFORE a flood event occurs. County Gregg County: In progress; in 2016, the Road and Bridge Department, or the City County replaced the Rabbit Creek bridge Street Department, will be notified and on Spinks-Chapman Road, which had clearing of the debris will be requested. been a flood site, and enlarged the associated culvert system. In 2017, two bridges were replaced and the culvert systems enlarged: Rocky Creek on Wilkins Road in Liberty City and Rocky Creek on Fritz-Swanson Road.
Public Education: City of Longview: In progress; a link to Develop, print, post, and circulate the FEMA website, “Things You Can Do educational pamphlet aimed at mitigating To Mitigate Against Flooding,” is on the effects of flooding. City of Longview Fire Department Provide more public education concerning website. The FEMA page contains NFIP flood insurance and FEMA information about the NFIP. Hard copies regulations of the FEMA educational pamphlet, “How to Prepare for a Flood” (available at https://www.ready.gov/floods) are made available in the lobby of the City of Longview Fire Department.
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Changes since 2013 Plan update:
1. East Texas Council of Governments was added as a jurisdiction participating in and adopting this plan.
2. Warren City was removed as a jurisdiction participating in and adopting this plan, because the city is no longer incorporated and no longer has any public infrastructure or elected officials.
3. The Thunderstorm hazard has been separated into its component parts of Wind Storm, Hail Storm and Lightning, which are now treated as separate hazards for mitigation.
4. The hazards of Coastal Erosion, Expansive Soil and Land Subsidence had not been considered in the past, but are now required to be considered for mitigation by the State of Texas; these hazards were discussed and evaluated, but were not selected for mitigation at this time, for reasons stated elsewhere in this Plan.
5. The Earthquake hazard was re-evaluated, and was removed from the Plan as not requiring additional mitigation at this time.
6. All hazards were re-evaluated, each jurisdiction prioritized all hazards, and new mitigation items were chosen by each jurisdiction to reflect current priorities.
7. The City of Longview adopted a Comprehensive Plan on March 12, 2015. Details may be found and a copy of the current plan may be downloaded at: https://clients.freese.com/longview/?page=main
8. The City of Gladewater has replaced Code Red with Nixle for its Emergency Messaging Service.
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PLAN REVIEW, EVALUATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION
Monitoring, Evaluation and Updating
The Gregg County Emergency Management Department will be responsible to monitor and evaluate the Hazard Mitigation Action Plan throughout the year, with the assistance of each jurisdiction’s EMC and other members of the Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee. The Gregg County EMC will monitor, record and evaluate the planning process, public involvement, how hazards change, previous occurrence data, changes in vulnerability and impacts, the integration process, changing goals, and any changes in risk assessment. All these aspects will be discussed by the Committee at its annual meeting each January. Throughout the implementation, monitoring and evaluation phases, the public will be invited and encouraged to comment on the Plan, and to assist in its implementation, evaluation and revision.
Each jurisdiction’s EMC will monitor the implementation of mitigation actions identified in the Plan for that jurisdiction. To facilitate plan maintenance, the Gregg County EMC will be the point of contact for hazard mitigation-related issues and serve as the coordinator for the plan update. During the five-year planning cycle, the Gregg County EMC will undertake the following initiatives:
➢ Maintain and update a mitigation action table showing all 2018 Action Items and progress. ➢ Obtain or develop reports of completed or initiated mitigation actions to incorporate in the plan revision as needed. ➢ Monitor and document any natural disasters affecting the jurisdictions during the planning cycle and incorporate into a revised Risk Assessment section as needed.
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➢ Organize annual January meetings with the Mitigation Planning Committee to discuss relevant hazard mitigation issues, provide status updates, and discuss available grant opportunities. ➢ Watch for and disseminate hazard mitigation funding information and applications. ➢ Convene a meeting of the Committee following a natural disaster or when funding is announced to prioritize and submit potential mitigation actions for funding. ➢ Watch for information about any training from TDEM or FEMA in hazard mitigation planning, and for any new requirements that may be announced. ➢ Post a copy of the current Plan on the Gregg County website, and deliver paper copies to the local library, the Courthouse, the Tax Assessor’s Office, the Chamber of Commerce, each City Hall, each public library, and other public places. Include information about how interested persons can participate in Plan implementation and revision. The Gregg County EMC will compile, document, and incorporate all changes derived from the activities listed above into a revised plan document which will be submitted to TDEM for review prior to the end of the fifth year of the plan.
Evaluation
The Plan will be evaluated annually by the Gregg County HMAP Committee to determine the effectiveness of its projects, programs, and policies. The Gregg County EMC will be responsible for scheduling and organizing the Committee meetings, collecting, analyzing and incorporating annual reports, and providing revised drafts to the Committee. Meetings may be held in conjunction with regular LEPC meetings. Each year, at a minimum during the January meeting, the EMC and Committee members will assess the current version of the Plan and determine the improvements necessary for the plan update. The EMC will also evaluate the Committee itself, to determine if other agencies or individuals should be added to the planning team. The public will be invited to attend
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 249 the annual meetings. Those who attend will be welcomed and encouraged to actively participate.
A thorough examination of the Plan will take place during the January meeting of the third year of the process to ensure an updated plan at the end of the planning cycle. At this meeting, the EMC and committee will review the goals and action items to determine their relevance to changing local situations, as well as changes in state or federal policy, and to ensure they are addressing current and expected conditions. The Committee will look at any changes in local resources that may influence the plan implementation (such as funding) and program changes to determine need for reassignment. The Committee will review all portions of the Plan to determine if this information should be updated or modified, given any new available data. The Committee will evaluate the content of the Plan using the following criteria: ➢ Are the mitigation actions effective? ➢ Are there any changes in land development that affect mitigation priorities? ➢ Do the goals, objectives, and action items meet social, technical, administrative, political, legal, economic, and environmental criteria as defined in FEMA’s STAPLE- E analysis? ➢ Are the goals, objectives, and mitigation actions relevant, given any changes in the local area? ➢ Are the goals, objectives, and mitigation actions relevant, given any changes to state or federal regulations or policy? ➢ Is there any new data that affects the Risk Assessment portion of the Plan? ➢ Do any additional hazards pose a threat to the jurisdictions which should be mitigated?
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Update and Revision
The Planning Team will review the Plan every year during the January meeting, and will note any updates needed to reflect the results of the annual reports and on-going plan evaluation by the EMC. Throughout the planning cycle, the EMC will compile new information and incorporate it into the Plan. The EMC will also assess and incorporate recommendations expressed by TDEM or FEMA into the plan revision. In January of the third year of the planning cycle, the entire Plan will be evaluated and the need for revisions assessed. If it appears necessary to hire a contractor to assist in Plan revisions, funding should be sought during the third year of the planning cycle, so that the contractor can be hired and revisions can be made during the fourth year. The completed document should be submitted to TDEM as soon as possible, ideally by the end of the fourth year, so that TDEM and FEMA approval may be obtained before the end of the fifth year of the planning cycle. After FEMA has approved the Plan, the jurisdictions will again formally adopt the Plan by Resolution.
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Incorporation into Existing Planning Mechanisms
Planning Incorporation Process Expansive Capabilities Mechanism City, County and Staff members are highly Hire a new staff member to ETCOG Staff involved in the planning process Mitigation Planning team. and the implementation of Send more staff members identified hazard mitigation to FEMA and TDEM actions. mitigation planning classes. City Public Works The managers of these divisions Train managers and staff in departments; Gregg will use this plan to improve emergency preparedness County Road & preparedness and plan for better and mitigation techniques; Bridge; ETCOG Public service delivery during hire additional staff as Safety and Public emergency situations. budget allows. Information Divisions Floodplain The HMAP will be used in Jurisdictions which do not development City updating and maintaining all currently participate in the Ordinances and local floodplain management NFIP’s Community Rating County Floodplain programs. The Plan will be System could take this Management Plan consulted for NFIP compliance, step, which could result in flood risk, and extent. lower flood insurance costs Information from these sections for homeowners within the will be reviewed for inclusion in participating jurisdictions. other plans. The jurisdictions will review the HMAP prior to revising Floodplain Management Plans and/or when developing any new plans.
Annual Budget Review The jurisdictions will review this Increase budget for – Cities, County and Plan and consider mitigation mitigation activities, which ETCOG actions when conducting annual could include hiring budget reviews. When allocating Mitigation staff, planning, funds for upcoming operating developing and carrying and construction budgets, high out mitigation projects.
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Planning Incorporation Process Expansive Capabilities Mechanism priority mitigation actions will be reviewed during executive group Apply for grant funding to meetings. Each identified staff carry out mitigation member / planning Team projects. This specifically member will be responsible for includes ETCOG, which is bringing mitigation actions to the applying for funding to meeting to discuss feasibility of administer a FEMA Safe the potential project in terms of Room grant program the availability of funds, grant throughout the 14-county assistance, and preliminary cost area. benefit review. Mitigation actions will be implemented whenever possible, within budgetary constraints. Emergency Gregg County and the Cities of Increased training in Operations Clarksville City, Easton, emergency management Procedures – Cities Gladewater, Kilgore, Lakeport and hazard mitigation for and County and White Oak have a state- current staff members; approved Emergency hiring and training new Management Plan, which is staff members. updated regularly. The City of Longview has a separate Gregg County and the City Emergency Management Plan, of Longview will each which is updated regularly. This revise Annex P of their HMAP is referred to and included Emergency Management in Emergency Management Plan, Plans to reflect the changes Annex P, and is incorporated and updates in this revised therein by reference. This HMAP. ETCOG staff will newly-revised Plan will be assist in these revisions. consulted during updates to the local Emergency Management ETCOG will coordinate Plan for the Cities and County. training opportunities with Risk assessment and TDEM, TEEX, FEMA and vulnerability data will be other training sources, and
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Planning Incorporation Process Expansive Capabilities Mechanism analyzed in conjunction with the will host training events review, renewal, and re-writing whenever possible. of the Emergency Operations procedures and Emergency Management Plan. ETCOG staff assists in revising and updating these plans for jurisdictions throughout the 14-county area, and will consult the relevant HMAP whenever revising any jurisdiction’s Annex P. Grant Applications The HMAP will be consulted Training in grant writing for when grant funding current staff members; opportunities arise, and funding hiring a new staff member will be sought for mitigation with grant writing projects whenever possible. experience, or hiring a contractor to write grant applications for mitigation projects. Capital Improvement The City of Longview has a The other jurisdictions Plans Capital Improvement Plan, last could develop Capital revised in 2017, which includes Improvement Plans. drainage improvement projects and the purchase and demolition of FEMA repetitive-loss structures to mitigate flooding. Gregg County and the other cities do not have a CIP in place. County and City departments will review the risk assessment and mitigation strategy sections of this HMAP prior to adopting any proposed Capital Improvement Plan.
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Planning Incorporation Process Expansive Capabilities Mechanism Comprehensive Plans Gregg County has a Long-term Other jurisdictions could Comprehensive Development develop Comprehensive Plan in place. The mitigation Plans. vision and goals of the HMAP will be reviewed in any future revision of the Gregg County Comprehensive Plan.
The City of Longview has a Comprehensive Plan which was adopted on March 12, 2015. Details can be found at: https://clients.freese.com/l ongview/?page=main
The City of White Oak has a Comprehensive Plan which was adopted in 1999. The mitigation vision and goals of this HMAP will be reviewed in any future revision of the City’s Comprehensive Plan.
Once this revised HMAP is adopted, Gregg County and participating jurisdictions will implement the listed actions based on priority and the availability of funding. The County currently implements policies and programs to reduce loss to life and property from hazards. The mitigation actions developed for this Plan enhance this ongoing effort and will be implemented through other program mechanisms where possible.
Gregg County and the participating jurisdictions will integrate implementation of their mitigation actions with other plans and policies such as construction standards and
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 255 emergency management plans, and ensure that these actions, or proposed projects, are reflected in other planning efforts. Coordinating and integrating components of other plans and policies into goals and objectives of the Plan will further maximize funding and provide possible cost-sharing of key projects, thereby reducing loss of lives and property and mitigating hazards affecting the area.
Planning team members from each participating jurisdiction will work to integrate the hazard mitigation strategies into other plans and codes as they are developed.
Participating team members will conduct periodic reviews of plans and policies, once per year at a minimum, and analyze the need for amendments.
Each participating jurisdiction will review and revise, as necessary, the long-range goals and objectives in strategic plan and budgets to ensure that they are consistent with this mitigation action plan. Additionally, the jurisdictions will work to advance the goals of this hazard mitigation plan through their routine, ongoing, long-range planning, budgeting, and work processes.
The step-by-step process for implementation of any policy change at the local government level in any of the participating jurisdictions is as follows: 1. Change is proposed by an elected official or other interested party. 2. Proposal is placed on the local agenda of the governing body. 3. Agenda is published at least 10 days in advance of the meeting at which it will be discussed, so members of the public have an opportunity to attend the discussion meeting. Publication is made by posting the agenda on a public bulletin board in the City Hall, County Courthouse or outside the ETCOG office building and by posting on the jurisdiction’s website. Notice may also be printed in the local newspaper. 4. Proposal is discussed at the public meeting, including any comments by members of the public in attendance.
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5. Proposal is voted on by the governing body. 6. If the proposal is passed, the change is implemented by the appropriate local authority.
Continued Public Involvement
Gregg County, ETCOG and the Cities of Clarksville City, Easton, Gladewater, Kilgore, Lakeport, Longview and White Oak are dedicated to public involvement during the implementation, monitoring and evaluation phases of this Hazard Mitigation Action Plan. Copies of the 2018 Plan will be available for public review and comment at the County Courthouse; at each City Hall; at public libraries throughout the county; at the ETCOG office; on the Gregg County website; on the City of Longview website; and on the ETCOG website. The websites will include contact information which people can use to direct their comments, concerns and suggestions to the Planning Committee.
Gregg County will hold an annual public meeting to discuss the Plan, with stakeholders from all participating jurisdictions and from surrounding jurisdictions invited to attend. Each participant will be encouraged to contribute to Plan improvement. The date, time and location of each annual meeting will be publicized well in advance, via notice posted on the local jurisdictions’ websites, posted on public bulletin boards at the Courthouse, at City Hall, at ETCOG, and at the public library, encouraging all interested persons to attend. Those who attend will be welcomed and encouraged to actively participate in the discussions. The HMAP planning process will emphasize public participation. Neighboring administrators, EMCs and other stakeholders will be personally invited to attend the annual HMAP planning meetings, by individual e-mail or telephone invitations, as well as by publication of the meeting agenda in the usual places.
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DOCUMENTATION OF THE PLANNING PROCESS
Throughout the planning process, efforts were made to solicit input from the general public; from neighboring community leaders; from first responders; from non-profit organizations and volunteer groups such as the Red Cross and Salvation Army; from local industry professionals; and from all levels of government within Gregg County and the participating jurisdictions. Public meetings were held, with agendas publicized in advance. These agendas were posted at City Hall and in the County Courthouse, as well as on the County and City websites, and were printed in local newspapers. Despite all of the above efforts to encourage public participation, no suggestions were received from anyone other than the following stakeholders, who participated in this revision:
Name & Agency & How Invited Contributions to 2018 HMAP Title Jurisdiction Revision Dwayne Public Works Telephone; Attended discussion meetings; Archer, Asst. Dept., City of email collected data; researched mitigation Director of Longview topics; reviewed historical hazard Public Works events; discussed potential hazards, jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and possible mitigation actions. Alton Engineering Telephone; Attended discussion meetings; Bradley, Dept., City of email collected data; researched mitigation City Longview topics; reviewed historical hazard Engineer events; discussed potential hazards, jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and possible mitigation actions; provided cost estimates for mitigation actions. Jason Sheriff’s Telephone; Collected data. Brannon, Office, Gregg email Asst. Fire County Marshal Chellye Gregg County Telephone; Provided minutes and sign-in sheets Callaway, Sheriff’s email from LEPC meetings where HMAP LEPC Office, Gregg was discussed. Secretary County (2018) David Administration, Telephone; Reviewed historical hazard events; Cleveland, ETCOG email discussed potential hazards,
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Name & Agency & How Invited Contributions to 2018 HMAP Title Jurisdiction Revision Executive jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and Director possible mitigation actions; approved hazards to be mitigated, rankings of hazards, mitigation actions & ranking of mitigation actions. Stephanie Public Safety, Telephone; Reviewed historical hazard events; Heffner, ETCOG email discussed potential hazards, Director of jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and Public Safety possible mitigation actions; approved hazards to be mitigated, rankings of hazards, mitigation actions & ranking of mitigation actions. Hank Hester, Longview Fire Telephone; Attended discussion meetings; Asst. Chief, Dept., City of email collected data; researched mitigation Admin. Longview topics; created charts, tables and graphs; reviewed historical hazard events; discussed potential hazards, jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and possible mitigation actions. Chad Fire Marshal’s Telephone; Attended G-318 class held in Hogue, Asst. Office, Smith email Longview; reviewed historical hazard Fire Marshal County events; discussed potential hazards (neighboring and possible mitigation actions. county) Clay Longview Fire Telephone; Attended discussion meetings; Kitchens, Dept., City of email attended G-318 class held in Fire Data Longview Longview; collected data; researched Analyst mitigation topics; created charts, tables (HMAP and graphs; reviewed historical hazard Planning events; discussed potential hazards, Team jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and Member) possible mitigation actions. Carolyn Fire Marshal’s Telephone; Attended G-318 class held in Lewis, Office, Smith email Longview; reviewed historical hazard Emergency County events; discussed potential hazards, Management (neighboring jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and Assistant county) possible mitigation actions. Terry Linder, Kilgore Police Telephone; Attended discussion meetings; Sergeant, Dept., City of email attended G-318 class held in EMC (HMAP Kilgore Longview; collected data; researched Planning mitigation topics; reviewed historical
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Name & Agency & How Invited Contributions to 2018 HMAP Title Jurisdiction Revision Team hazard events; discussed potential Member) hazards, jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and possible mitigation actions; chose hazards to be mitigated; ranked hazards; chose mitigation actions, ranked mitigation actions. Connie Fire Marshal’s Email Attended G-318 class held in McCoy- Office, Longview; reviewed historical hazard Wasson, Emergency events; discussed potential hazards, Fire Marshal Management, jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and - EMC Smith County possible mitigation actions. (neighboring county) Harry Maintenance Telephone; Reviewed historical hazard events; McMahan, Dept., Gregg email discussed potential hazards, Floodplain County jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and Manager possible mitigation actions; suggested mitigation actions. Rolin Public Works Telephone; Attended discussion meetings; McPhee, Dept., City of email collected data; researched mitigation Director of Longview topics; created charts, tables and Public Works graphs; reviewed historical hazard events; discussed potential hazards, jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and possible mitigation actions; proposed which hazards should be mitigated; ranked hazards; and suggested mitigation actions. Donetta Public Safety, Telephone; Reviewed historical hazard events; Miller, Public ETCOG email discussed potential hazards, Safety jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and Manager / possible mitigation actions; selected Homeland hazards to be mitigated; ranked Security hazards; chose mitigation actions & Coordinator ranked actions. (HMAP Planning Team Member) Thomas Fire Marshal’s Telephone; Attended G-318 class held in Mock, Office & email Longview; reviewed historical hazard
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 260
Name & Agency & How Invited Contributions to 2018 HMAP Title Jurisdiction Revision Fire Marshal Emergency events; discussed potential hazards, - EMC Management, jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and Harrison possible mitigation actions. County (neighboring county) Mark Moore, Sheriff’s Telephone; Attended discussion meetings; Fire Marshal Office, Gregg email attended G-318 class held in – EMC for County Longview; collected data; researched Gregg mitigation topics; reviewed historical County, hazard events; discussed potential Easton and hazards, jurisdictional vulnerabilities, Lakeport and possible mitigation actions; chose (HMAP hazards to be mitigated; ranked Planning hazards; chose & ranked mitigation Team actions. Member) Libby Neely, Gregg County Telephone; Provided data about new home Chief Appraisal email construction in rural Gregg County. Appraiser District, Gregg County Marc Emergency Telephone; Attended G-318 class held in Nichols, Management, email Longview; reviewed historical hazard EMC Upshur events; discussed potential hazards, County jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and (neighboring possible mitigation actions. county) Angela Emergency Telephone; Attended discussion meetings; Norton, Management, email attended G-318 class held in Emergency ETCOG Longview; collected data; researched Management mitigation topics; reviewed historical Planner hazard events; created hazard ranking (HMAP worksheets; discussed potential Planning hazards, jurisdictional vulnerabilities, Team and possible mitigation actions; Member) created charts, tables and graphs; wrote revised document and submitted to TDEM. Valerie Auditor’s Telephone; Attended G-318 class held in Palmer, Office, Gregg email Longview; reviewed historical hazard County events; discussed potential hazards,
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 261
Name & Agency & How Invited Contributions to 2018 HMAP Title Jurisdiction Revision jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and possible mitigation actions. Andy Parker, Longview Fire Telephone; Attended discussion meetings; Training Dept., City of email reviewed historical hazard events; Section Longview discussed potential hazards, Chief jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and possible mitigation actions. Caitlin Fire Marshal’s Telephone; Attended G-318 class held in Roberson, Office, email Longview; reviewed historical hazard Deputy Fire Emergency events; discussed potential hazards, Marshal / Management, jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and Inspector Smith County possible mitigation actions. (neighboring county) Johnny City of Telephone; Reviewed historical hazard events; Sammons, Lakeport email discussed hazards to be mitigated, Mayor ranking of hazards, choice of mitigation actions, and ranking of actions. Ingrid Self, Development Telephone; Provided information about Assistant Services, City email development in Longview 2014-2017. Director of Longview Billie Smith, Gregg County Telephone; Provided minutes and sign-in sheets LEPC Sheriff’s email from LEPC meetings where HMAP Secretary Office, Gregg was discussed. (2017) County Charles Administration, Telephone; Attended discussion meetings; Smith, City of White email collected data; researched mitigation City Oak topics; reviewed historical hazard Coordinator events; discussed potential hazards, (HMAP jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and Planning possible mitigation actions; completed Team hazard ranking worksheets; chose Member) hazards to be mitigated; ranked hazards; chose mitigation actions, ranked actions. J.P. Longview Fire Telephone; Planned and attended discussion Steelman, Dept., City of email meetings; attended G-318 class held in Fire Chief / Longview Longview; researched mitigation EMC topics; reviewed historical hazard (HMAP events; discussed potential hazards, Planning jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 262
Name & Agency & How Invited Contributions to 2018 HMAP Title Jurisdiction Revision Team possible mitigation actions; completed Member) hazard ranking worksheets; chose hazards to be mitigated; ranked hazards; chose mitigation actions, ranked actions. Deaun TDEM / DPS, Telephone; Attended discussion meetings; Stinecipher, State of Texas email attended G-318 class held in District Longview; discussed potential Coordinator hazards, jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and possible mitigation actions. Bill Stoudt, Administration, Telephone; Attended discussion meetings; Gregg Gregg County email reviewed historical hazard events; County discussed potential hazards, Judge jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and possible mitigation actions; completed hazard ranking worksheets, approved choice of hazards to be mitigated, hazard rankings, mitigation actions and actions rankings. Velma Fire Marshal’s Telephone; Attended G-318 class held in Taylor Office & email Longview; reviewed historical hazard Emergency events; discussed potential hazards, Management, jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and Harrison possible mitigation actions. County (neighboring county) Lindsay Public Telephone; Reviewed historical hazard events; Vanderbilt, Information, email discussed potential hazards, Director of ETCOG jurisdictional vulnerabilities, and Public possible mitigation actions. Information Robert Vine, Police Dept., Telephone; Attended discussion meetings; Police Chief City of email reviewed historical hazard events; – EMC Gladewater completed hazard ranking worksheets, (HMAP chose hazards to be mitigated; ranked Planning hazards, chose mitigation actions, Team ranked actions. Member) Walter Ward, City of Easton Telephone; Reviewed historical hazard events; Mayor email discussed hazards to be mitigated,
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 263
Name & Agency & How Invited Contributions to 2018 HMAP Title Jurisdiction Revision ranking of hazards, choice of mitigation actions, and ranking of actions. John City of Telephone; Reviewed historical hazard events; Whitsell, Clarksville City email completed hazard ranking worksheets, City chose hazards to be mitigated; ranked Manager hazards, chose mitigation actions, (HMAP ranked actions. Planning Team Member) Carol Planning Telephone; Answered questions about how Windham, Dept., City of email development in the flood plain is Flood Plain Kilgore restricted and how restrictions are Manager enforced.
During future revisions, efforts will again be made at the beginning of the revision process to identify all stakeholders in Gregg County and the surrounding area. Each identified stakeholder will be personally invited by e-mail and/or telephone, and asked to attend a meeting or send a representative, and/or to review the expiring document and send comments or suggestions for revision and improvement. At the conclusion of the revision process, the draft of the revised document will be sent to all identified stakeholders who have supplied an email address, so that they may again make comments or suggestions.
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 264
APPENDIX I
NATIONAL CLIMATIC DATA CENTER WEATHER HISTORY
Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage TENNERYVILLE 3/11/2018 Thunderstorm Wind 56 1 $50,000 TENNERYVILLE 3/11/2018 Hail 1.25 LONGVIEW 3/11/2018 Hail EASTSIDE AR 1.5 LONGVIEW 3/11/2018 Hail 1 Winter GREGG CO. 2/11/2018 Weather GLADEWATER 2/6/2018 Hail 0.75 GREGG CO. 1/15/2018 Winter Storm GLADEWATER 12/19/2017 Flash Flood GREGG CO. 12/7/2017 Drought GREGG CO. 10/22/2017 Strong Wind 43 $100 GREGG CO. 8/19/2017 Heat GREGG CO. 8/12/2017 Heat LONGVIEW Thunderstorm EASTSIDE AR 8/11/2017 Wind 52 GREGG CO. 7/26/2017 Heat GREGG CO. 7/19/2017 Heat Thunderstorm KILGORE 5/28/2017 Wind 56 Thunderstorm GREGGTON 5/28/2017 Wind 61 EASTON 5/28/2017 Tornado EF1 $25,000 SPRING HILL 5/28/2017 Tornado EF1 $750,000 WHITE OAK 5/28/2017 Hail 1.25 Thunderstorm WHITE OAK 5/28/2017 Wind 61 Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 5/28/2017 Wind 52 WHITE OAK 5/11/2017 Tornado EF1 $50,000 Thunderstorm WHITE OAK 5/11/2017 Wind 56 Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 5/11/2017 Wind 61
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 265
Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage JUDSON 4/26/2017 Hail 1 JUDSON 4/26/2017 Hail 0.75 GREGGTON 4/22/2017 Hail 1 (GGG)GREGG CO ARPT L 4/10/2017 Flash Flood KILGORE 4/10/2017 Flash Flood TENNERYVILLE 4/10/2017 Flash Flood (GGG)GREGG CO ARPT L 4/10/2017 Flash Flood (GGG)GREGG CO ARPT L 4/10/2017 Hail 0.75 KILGORE 4/10/2017 Hail 0.75 Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 4/2/2017 Wind 56 TENNERYVILLE 3/29/2017 Tornado EF1 $60,000 Thunderstorm SPRING HILL 2/20/2017 Wind 52 Extreme Cold/Wind GREGG CO. 1/7/2017 Chill 1 GREGG CO. 11/1/2016 Drought GREGG CO. 8/3/2016 Heat GREGG CO. 7/24/2016 Heat GREGG CO. 7/22/2016 Heat GREGG CO. 7/19/2016 Heat TENNERYVILLE 7/15/2016 Hail 1.25 GREGG CO. 7/3/2016 Heat KINSLOE 4/30/2016 Flash Flood KINSLOE 4/30/2016 Flash Flood KINSLOE 4/30/2016 Flash Flood LIBERTY CITY 4/30/2016 Flash Flood GLADEWATER MUNI ARPT 4/30/2016 Flash Flood WHITE OAK 4/30/2016 Flash Flood GLADEWATER MUNI ARPT 4/30/2016 Flash Flood SPRING HILL 4/30/2016 Flash Flood WHITE OAK 4/30/2016 Flash Flood
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 266
Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage GLADEWATER 4/29/2016 Hail 0.75 KILGORE 3/9/2016 Flash Flood KILGORE 3/9/2016 Flash Flood KILGORE 3/9/2016 Flash Flood JUDSON 3/9/2016 Flash Flood TENNERYVILLE 3/9/2016 Flash Flood WHITE OAK 3/9/2016 Flash Flood KILGORE EAST 12/27/2015 Flash Flood GREGG CO. 10/1/2015 Drought GREGG CO. 9/15/2015 Drought GREGG CO. 8/18/2015 Drought GREGG CO. 8/5/2015 Heat GREGG CO. 7/13/2015 Heat GLADEWATER 5/25/2015 Flash Flood KILGORE 5/25/2015 Flash Flood Thunderstorm KILGORE 5/25/2015 Wind 54 KINSLOE 5/11/2015 Flash Flood Thunderstorm WHITE OAK 4/24/2015 Wind 53 Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 4/16/2015 Wind 54 1 1 $20,000 LONGVIEW EASTSIDE AR 4/9/2015 Tornado EF1 $1,000,000 TENNERYVILLE 3/9/2015 Flash Flood Winter GREGG CO. 3/4/2015 Weather GREGG CO. 2/25/2015 Winter Storm GREGG CO. 2/23/2015 Winter Storm GREGGTON 10/13/2014 Lightning $10,000 Thunderstorm KILGORE 10/6/2014 Wind 52 LONGVIEW 10/6/2014 Hail 1.5 Thunderstorm LIBERTY CITY 10/2/2014 Wind 54 Thunderstorm GREGGTON 7/23/2014 Wind 52
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 267
Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage Thunderstorm GREGGTON 7/23/2014 Wind 53 Thunderstorm KILGORE 5/12/2014 Wind 55 $35,000 Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 5/12/2014 Wind 53 GREGGTON 4/14/2014 Hail 0.75 LIBERTY CITY 4/14/2014 Hail 0.88 LIBERTY CITY 4/6/2014 Flash Flood TENNERYVILLE 4/6/2014 Flash Flood KILGORE 4/6/2014 Flash Flood GREGGTON 4/6/2014 Flash Flood TENNERYVILLE 4/6/2014 Flash Flood GREGGTON 4/6/2014 Flash Flood GREGGTON 3/28/2014 Hail 1 Thunderstorm GREGGTON 3/28/2014 Wind 55 LIBERTY CITY 3/28/2014 Hail 0.88 GREGG CO. 3/2/2014 Winter Storm Winter GREGG CO. 2/11/2014 Weather Cold/Wind GREGG CO. 1/5/2014 Chill Winter GREGG CO. 11/24/2013 Weather BODIE 9/20/2013 Flash Flood $50,000 GREGGTON 9/11/2013 Hail 0.75 GREGGTON 9/11/2013 Lightning $30,000 LONGVIEW 9/2/2013 Flash Flood $15,000 Thunderstorm SPRING HILL 9/1/2013 Wind 55 Thunderstorm TENNERYVILLE 9/1/2013 Wind 55 $25,000 GREGG CO. 9/1/2013 Drought GREGG CO. 8/1/2013 Drought GREGG CO. 7/1/2013 Drought Thunderstorm GREGGTON 5/21/2013 Wind 55
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 268
Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage Thunderstorm GREGGTON 5/21/2013 Wind 53 Thunderstorm GREGGTON 5/21/2013 Wind 53 (GGG)GREGG Thunderstorm CO ARPT L 3/31/2013 Wind 57 GREGGTON 3/31/2013 Hail 1 EASTON 2/18/2013 Hail 1 GREGGTON 2/12/2013 Hail 0.75 GREGGTON 2/12/2013 Hail 0.75 Winter GREGG CO. 1/15/2013 Weather Winter GREGG CO. 1/14/2013 Weather Winter GREGG CO. 12/25/2012 Weather Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 12/19/2012 Wind 57 LONGVIEW EASTSIDE AR 11/11/2012 Hail 0.75 (GGG)GREGG CO ARPT L 11/11/2012 Hail 0.75 Thunderstorm KILGORE 8/9/2012 Wind 53 Thunderstorm WHITE OAK 8/9/2012 Wind 53 $20,000 Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 8/9/2012 Wind 54 $100,000 Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 8/9/2012 Wind 53 Thunderstorm GREGGTON 8/9/2012 Wind 54 $50,000 Thunderstorm GREGGTON 8/9/2012 Wind 54 $20,000 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 8/9/2012 Wind 54 Thunderstorm GREGGTON 8/9/2012 Wind 53
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 269
Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage GREGGTON 8/9/2012 Hail 0.75 Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 8/5/2012 Wind 52 JUDSON 6/14/2012 Lightning $10,000 GREGGTON 5/15/2012 Hail 1 GREGGTON 5/15/2012 Hail 0.75 Thunderstorm GREGGTON 5/7/2012 Wind 53 $10,000 JUDSON 4/20/2012 Hail 0.75 JUDSON 4/20/2012 Hail 1 Thunderstorm KILGORE 4/3/2012 Wind 52 GLADEWATER 4/3/2012 Hail 1 (GGG)GREGG Thunderstorm CO ARPT L 4/2/2012 Wind 52 $20,000 Thunderstorm GREGGTON 4/2/2012 Wind 54 $30,000 GREGGTON 4/2/2012 Hail 0.88 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 4/2/2012 Wind 52 $10,000 GREGG CO. 3/1/2012 Drought GREGG CO. 2/1/2012 Drought GREGG CO. 1/1/2012 Drought GREGG CO. 12/1/2011 Drought WHITE OAK 11/8/2011 Hail 1.75 GREGG CO. 11/1/2011 Drought GREGG CO. 10/1/2011 Drought Excessive GREGG CO. 9/11/2011 Heat GREGG CO. 9/4/2011 Wildfire 2 2 $2,250,000 GREGG CO. 9/4/2011 Wildfire $125,000 Excessive GREGG CO. 9/1/2011 Heat GREGG CO. 9/1/2011 Drought (GGG)GREGG Thunderstorm CO ARPT L 8/24/2011 Wind 52
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 270
Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage Thunderstorm GREGGTON 8/24/2011 Wind 55 GREGG CO. 8/1/2011 Drought Excessive GREGG CO. 8/1/2011 Heat GREGG CO. 7/1/2011 Drought Excessive GREGG CO. 7/1/2011 Heat Thunderstorm GREGGTON 6/30/2011 Wind 57 Thunderstorm GREGGTON 6/30/2011 Wind 56 $75,000 GREGGTON 6/30/2011 Lightning $5,000 LONGVIEW 6/30/2011 Lightning $5,000 Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 6/4/2011 Wind 54 $30,000 Excessive GREGG CO. 6/1/2011 Heat GREGG CO. 6/1/2011 Drought GREGG CO. 5/1/2011 Drought GREGGTON 4/26/2011 Hail 0.75 Thunderstorm GREGGTON 4/4/2011 Wind 50 LIBERTY CITY 4/4/2011 Lightning $20,000 GREGG CO. 4/1/2011 Drought GREGG CO. 3/1/2011 Drought Winter GREGG CO. 2/9/2011 Weather Winter GREGG CO. 2/3/2011 Weather GREGG CO. 2/1/2011 Drought GREGG CO. 1/1/2011 Drought GREGG CO. 12/1/2010 Drought (GGG)GREGG CO ARPT L 10/24/2010 Hail 1 KILGORE 10/24/2010 Hail 1
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 271
Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage Thunderstorm GREGGTON 10/23/2010 Wind 51 Thunderstorm EASTON 8/6/2010 Wind 54 Thunderstorm GREGGTON 8/6/2010 Wind 54 $40,000 Thunderstorm KILGORE 8/6/2010 Wind 54 Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 8/6/2010 Wind 53 FOX CITY 6/10/2010 Flash Flood
TENNERYVILLE 6/10/2010 Flash Flood GLADEWATER 6/10/2010 Flash Flood GLADEWATER MUNI ARPT 6/10/2010 Flash Flood Thunderstorm JUDSON 6/9/2010 Wind 50 Thunderstorm GREGGTON 6/9/2010 Wind 52
TENNERYVILLE 6/9/2010 Lightning $5,000 GREGGTON 5/26/2010 Hail 0.75 Winter GREGG CO. 3/21/2010 Weather LIBERTY CITY 3/10/2010 Hail 0.75 GREGG CO. 2/11/2010 Heavy Snow KILGORE 1/20/2010 Hail 1 Cold/Wind GREGG CO. 1/7/2010 Chill $250,000 Thunderstorm GREGGTON 10/9/2009 Wind 54 $10,000 Thunderstorm GREGGTON 10/9/2009 Wind 55 $200,000 Thunderstorm KILGORE 8/6/2009 Wind 52
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 272
Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 7/21/2009 Wind 52 GREGGTON 7/17/2009 Flash Flood $3,000 Thunderstorm GREGGTON 7/17/2009 Wind 52 Thunderstorm KILGORE 6/10/2009 Wind 54 $20,000 Thunderstorm JUDSON 5/26/2009 Wind 52 $10,000 GREGGTON 4/9/2009 Hail 0.88
TENNERYVILLE 4/9/2009 Hail 0.75 GREGGTON 4/9/2009 Hail 0.75 Thunderstorm KILGORE 2/10/2009 Wind 56 Tropical GREGG CO. 9/13/2008 Storm $1,000,000 (GGG)GREGG Thunderstorm CO ARPT L 5/27/2008 Wind 55 Thunderstorm SWAMP CITY 5/27/2008 Wind 55 GREGGTON 5/14/2008 Flash Flood $100,000 KILGORE 5/14/2008 Flash Flood Thunderstorm LIBERTY CITY 5/7/2008 Wind 53 Thunderstorm JUDSON 4/8/2008 Wind 54 JUDSON 4/8/2008 Hail 1.75 1 SWAMP CITY 3/30/2008 Flash Flood $2,000,000 GREGGTON 3/30/2008 Hail 1 LONGVIEW 3/29/2008 Flash Flood LONGVIEW EASTSIDE AR 3/29/2008 Flash Flood LONGVIEW 3/29/2008 Flash Flood GREGGTON 3/29/2008 Hail 1
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 273
Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage Thunderstorm GREGGTON 3/29/2008 Wind 62 $100,000 GREGGTON 3/29/2008 Hail 1 LONGVIEW EASTSIDE AR 3/29/2008 Hail 1.75 KILGORE 3/29/2008 Hail 1.75 KILGORE 3/29/2008 Hail 1.75 Thunderstorm KILGORE 3/29/2008 Wind 60 $500,000 KILGORE 3/29/2008 Hail 1 Thunderstorm KILGORE 3/29/2008 Wind 57 $50,000
KILGORE EAST 3/18/2008 Tornado EF0 $3,000,000 GREGG CO. 3/18/2008 Strong Wind 45 $30,000 Winter GREGG CO. 3/7/2008 Weather Thunderstorm JUDSON 3/3/2008 Wind 53 GREGGTON 2/5/2008 Hail 0.75 LONGVIEW 9/27/2007 Hail 0.75 LONGVIEW 9/27/2007 Lightning 1 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 9/27/2007 Wind 56 1 $100,000 Thunderstorm KILGORE 7/13/2007 Wind 53 LONGVIEW 7/6/2007 Flash Flood $25,000 LONGVIEW 7/6/2007 Flash Flood Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 6/20/2007 Wind 50 LONGVIEW 6/20/2007 Flash Flood GLADEWATER 6/16/2007 Flash Flood GLADEWATER 6/16/2007 Flash Flood GLADEWATER 4/13/2007 Hail 0.75 GLADEWATER 10/26/2006 Hail 0.75
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 274
Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage Thunderstorm LIBERTY CITY 8/17/2006 Wind 56 Thunderstorm KILGORE 8/17/2006 Wind 56 Thunderstorm KILGORE 8/17/2006 Wind 56 $1,000 Thunderstorm KILGORE 8/17/2006 Wind 56 Winter GREGG CO. 2/19/2006 Weather GREGG CO. 12/1/2005 Drought Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 11/27/2005 Wind 57 $5,000 LONGVIEW 11/27/2005 Hail 0.88 Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 8/27/2005 Wind 56 LONGVIEW 8/14/2005 Lightning $15,000 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 8/14/2005 Wind 55 $10,000 LONGVIEW 8/7/2005 Flash Flood $1,000 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 8/7/2005 Wind 54 GREGG CO. 8/1/2005 Drought Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 7/14/2005 Wind 56 LONGVIEW 7/14/2005 Hail 1 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 7/12/2005 Wind 57 $25,000 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 7/12/2005 Wind 55 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 6/2/2004 Wind 57 $50,000 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 6/2/2004 Wind 56 Thunderstorm WHITE OAK 6/1/2004 Wind 55
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 275
Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage Thunderstorm KILGORE 6/1/2004 Wind 54 Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 6/1/2004 Wind 55 LONGVIEW 4/7/2004 Hail 1 LONGVIEW 4/7/2004 Hail 0.88 GLADEWATER 4/7/2004 Hail 0.88 WHITE OAK 4/7/2004 Hail 1 LONGVIEW 8/27/2003 Flash Flood WHITE OAK 8/27/2003 Hail 1 LONGVIEW 6/15/2003 Flash Flood LONGVIEW 4/23/2003 Lightning LONGVIEW 12/18/2002 Flash Flood Thunderstorm KILGORE 8/27/2002 Wind 59 Thunderstorm WHITE OAK 8/27/2002 Wind 57 $25,000 Thunderstorm KILGORE 8/4/2002 Wind 56 $150,000 Thunderstorm KILGORE 8/4/2002 Wind 56 Thunderstorm WHITE OAK 5/17/2002 Wind 62 $40,000 GLADEWATER 5/9/2002 Hail 0.75 LONGVIEW 4/7/2002 Flash Flood LONGVIEW 3/30/2002 Hail 1 WHITE OAK 12/16/2001 Flash Flood JUDSON 12/16/2001 Tornado F0 LIBERTY CITY 3/12/2001 Hail 0.75 KILGORE 2/16/2001 Flash Flood GREGG CO. 2/14/2001 Flood $140,000 GREGG CO. 12/12/2000 Ice Storm Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 8/21/2000 Wind 77 $12,000 Thunderstorm KILGORE 5/27/2000 Wind 52
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 276
Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 5/27/2000 Wind 52 Thunderstorm JUDSON 5/12/2000 Wind 52 LONGVIEW 5/3/2000 Hail 2 LONGVIEW 5/3/2000 Hail 1 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 5/3/2000 Wind 55 JUDSON 4/23/2000 Hail 1.75 JUDSON 4/23/2000 Hail 1.75 GREGG CO. 1/26/2000 Ice Storm LONGVIEW 8/24/1999 Hail 0.88 Thunderstorm WHITE OAK 5/17/1999 Wind 60 GLADEWATER 5/4/1999 Hail 0.75 KILGORE 5/4/1999 Tornado F2 $25,000 KILGORE 5/4/1999 Tornado F2 2 $19,000,000 KILGORE 5/4/1999 Tornado F2 $6,000,000 Thunderstorm KILGORE 4/4/1999 Wind 60 WHITE OAK 3/24/1999 Hail 1 LONGVIEW 3/24/1999 Hail 0.75 Thunderstorm JUDSON 3/5/1999 Wind 60 LONGVIEW 3/2/1999 Hail 2.75 KILGORE 3/2/1999 Hail 2.75 LONGVIEW 3/2/1999 Hail 0.88 LONGVIEW 1/29/1999 Flash Flood Thunderstorm KILGORE 1/22/1999 Wind 52 LONGVIEW 1/21/1999 Hail 1 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 1/21/1999 Wind 59 Thunderstorm KILGORE 1/21/1999 Wind 62 $640,000 LIBERTY CITY 1/21/1999 Hail 0.88
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 277
Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage Thunderstorm KILGORE 1/1/1999 Wind 52 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 1/1/1999 Wind 52 GREGG CO. 12/22/1998 Ice Storm LONGVIEW 10/6/1998 Flash Flood GLADEWATER 9/16/1998 Flash Flood $30,000 GLADEWATER 9/15/1998 Flash Flood GREGG CO. 7/1/1998 Drought Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 6/4/1998 Wind 61 $50,000 Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 6/4/1998 Wind 52 GREGG CO. 6/1/1998 Drought GLADEWATER 5/27/1998 Funnel Cloud LONGVIEW 5/27/1998 Hail 0.75 LONGVIEW 5/27/1998 Hail 0.75 GLADEWATER 5/27/1998 Hail 1 GLADEWATER 5/27/1998 Hail 1 LIBERTY CITY 5/2/1998 Hail 1 LIBERTY CITY 5/2/1998 Hail 1 LONGVIEW 4/8/1998 Hail 0.75 LIBERTY CITY 4/8/1998 Hail 0.75 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 3/31/1998 Wind 65 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 3/30/1998 Wind 60 $5,000 Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 2/26/1998 Wind 65 $1,000 Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 2/26/1998 Wind 60 LONGVIEW 1/6/1998 Hail 2.75 $125,000 LONGVIEW 1/6/1998 Flash Flood LONGVIEW 1/6/1998 Flash Flood LONGVIEW 1/6/1998 Hail 1.75 WHITE OAK 1/6/1998 Hail 0.75
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 278
Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage LONGVIEW 1/6/1998 Hail 1.75 WHITE OAK 1/6/1998 Hail 4.5 WHITE OAK 1/6/1998 Hail 1.75 GLADEWATER 1/6/1998 Hail 2.5 LONGVIEW 1/6/1998 Hail 4.5 $1,000,000 GLADEWATER 1/5/1998 Hail 2.75 LONGVIEW 10/25/1997 Hail 1.25 WHITE OAK 10/25/1997 Hail 1 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 10/23/1997 Wind 60 LONGVIEW 8/20/1997 Hail 0.88 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 8/20/1997 Wind 60 Thunderstorm KILGORE 7/7/1997 Wind 60 $7,000 LONGVIEW 7/7/1997 Flash Flood KILGORE 7/6/1997 Lightning KILGORE 7/6/1997 Lightning $1,000 Thunderstorm KILGORE 7/6/1997 Wind 60 KILGORE 7/6/1997 Lightning $2,000 LONGVIEW 6/25/1997 Flood Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 6/17/1997 Wind 65 Thunderstorm WHITE OAK 6/17/1997 Wind 60 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 6/17/1997 Wind 60 LONGVIEW 6/17/1997 Hail 1 LONGVIEW 6/13/1997 Hail 0.75 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 6/13/1997 Wind 65 LONGVIEW 6/13/1997 Hail 1 GLADEWATER 4/22/1997 Hail 2.75 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 4/22/1997 Wind 60
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 279
Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage LONGVIEW 4/22/1997 Hail 1.75 LONGVIEW 4/22/1997 Hail 0.88 WHITE OAK 4/22/1997 Hail 1 GLADEWATER 4/22/1997 Hail 1 LONGVIEW 4/22/1997 Hail 0.75 GLADEWATER 4/22/1997 Hail 2.5 WHITE OAK 4/22/1997 Hail 0.88 LONGVIEW 4/22/1997 Hail 1.75 GLADEWATER 4/22/1997 Hail 1.5 GREGG CO. 3/2/1997 Flood KILGORE 2/20/1997 Flash Flood LONGVIEW 2/20/1997 Flash Flood KILGORE 2/20/1997 Flash Flood GREGG CO. 2/12/1997 Flood GREGG CO. 1/12/1997 Ice Storm GREGG CO. 1/6/1997 Ice Storm GREGG CO. 12/17/1996 Freezing Fog Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 11/7/1996 Wind 70 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 11/7/1996 Wind 60 LONGVIEW Thunderstorm EASTSIDE AR 11/7/1996 Wind 63 Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 11/7/1996 Wind 80 LONGVIEW 10/21/1996 Hail 0.6 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 10/21/1996 Wind 65 LONGVIEW 10/21/1996 Hail 0.75 Thunderstorm KILGORE 8/6/1996 Wind 40 KILGORE 7/24/1996 Flood Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 7/24/1996 Wind 62 LONGVIEW 7/23/1996 Flash Flood $500,000
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 280
Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage Thunderstorm KILGORE 7/23/1996 Wind 60 LONGVIEW 7/23/1996 Hail 1.75 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 7/23/1996 Wind 60 LONGVIEW 5/13/1996 Hail 0.75 WHITE OAK 5/13/1996 Hail 0.75 WHITE OAK 5/13/1996 Hail 0.75 5/1/1996 Drought LONGVIEW 4/28/1996 Hail 0.75 WHITE OAK 4/28/1996 Hail 0.75 LONGVIEW 4/28/1996 Hail 0.75 LONGVIEW 4/20/1996 Hail 2.5 LONGVIEW 4/20/1996 Hail 1 LIBERTY CITY 4/20/1996 Hail 0.88 LONGVIEW 3/24/1996 Hail 0.75 LIBERTY CITY 3/24/1996 Hail 0.5 GLADEWATER 3/17/1996 Hail 0.75 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 3/6/1996 Wind 60 LONGVIEW 3/6/1996 Hail 0.75 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 2/27/1996 Wind 70 GREGG CO. 2/4/1996 Ice Storm 1 1 $20,000 Thunderstorm LONGVIEW 1/18/1996 Wind 65 $10,000 Thunderstorm LIBERTY CITY 1/18/1996 Wind 65 $1,000 Thunderstorm GLADEWATER 1/18/1996 Wind 60 Thunderstorm Kilgore 11/10/1995 Wind 60 Thunderstorm Longview 8/31/1995 Wind 0 $3,000 Thunderstorm Kilgore 8/20/1995 Wind 0 $2,000
2018 GREGG COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 281
Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage Thunderstorm Gladewater 4/10/1995 Wind 0 Thunderstorm Longview 1/12/1995 Wind 0 Thunderstorm Longview 11/5/1994 Wind 0 $5,000 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 10/17/1994 Wind 0 $50,000 Thunderstorm Longview 5/13/1994 Wind 0 $50,000 Thunderstorm Longview 5/13/1994 Wind 0 $50,000 Thunderstorm Longview 5/13/1994 Wind 0 $50,000 Thunderstorm Longview 5/2/1994 Wind 0 $5,000 Thunderstorm Airport 5/2/1994 Wind 0 Kilgore 11/20/1993 Hail 1 $5,000 Thunderstorm Kilgore 11/20/1993 Wind 0 $50,000 Kilgore 10/20/1993 Hail 1 $5,000 Thunderstorm Kilgore 10/20/1993 Wind 0 $50,000 Thunderstorm Longview 9/13/1993 Wind 0 $50,000 Thunderstorm Kilgore 9/13/1993 Wind 62 $50,000 GREGG CO. 5/9/1993 Hail 0.75 Gladewater 4/19/1993 Hail 1 Thunderstorm Kilgore 2/25/1993 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 11/12/1992 Wind 52 GREGG CO. 10/29/1992 Hail 1 GREGG CO. 10/29/1992 Hail 1.5
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Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage GREGG CO. 10/7/1992 Hail 0.75 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 9/1/1992 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 6/11/1992 Hail 1 GREGG CO. 5/11/1992 Hail 1.75 GREGG CO. 5/11/1992 Tornado F1 $2,500 GREGG CO. 3/24/1992 Hail 1.75 GREGG CO. 3/9/1992 Hail 1 GREGG CO. 2/12/1992 Hail 0.88 GREGG CO. 2/12/1992 Hail 1 GREGG CO. 11/19/1991 Hail 0.75 GREGG CO. 11/19/1991 Hail 1.75 GREGG CO. 10/29/1991 Hail 1 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 9/24/1991 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 5/4/1991 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 5/4/1991 Hail 1.75 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 5/4/1991 Wind 52 GREGG CO. 5/3/1991 Hail 1.75 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 5/3/1991 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 5/3/1991 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 4/27/1991 Hail 1 GREGG CO. 4/26/1991 Hail 1.75 GREGG CO. 4/26/1991 Hail 2.75 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 4/13/1991 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 4/12/1991 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 2/19/1991 Hail 1.75 GREGG CO. 2/18/1991 Hail 0.88 GREGG CO. 2/18/1991 Hail 1
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Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 7/31/1990 Wind 55 GREGG CO. 5/30/1990 Hail 1.75 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 5/12/1990 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 5/12/1990 Wind 50 GREGG CO. 4/27/1990 Hail 1.5 GREGG CO. 2/15/1990 Hail 0.88 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 6/12/1989 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 6/7/1989 Hail 1 GREGG CO. 5/16/1989 Hail 1.75 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 5/16/1989 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 5/16/1989 Hail 1.75 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 5/16/1989 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 5/9/1989 Hail 1 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 5/5/1989 Wind 61 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 5/5/1989 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 5/3/1989 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 11/15/1988 Wind 57 GREGG CO. 11/15/1988 Hail 1 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 8/21/1988 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 8/1/1988 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 6/19/1988 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 5/9/1988 Hail 1 GREGG CO. 4/1/1988 Tornado F3 $2,500,000
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Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage GREGG CO. 4/1/1988 Tornado F1 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 12/19/1987 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 11/15/1987 Tornado F1 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 11/15/1987 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 6/23/1987 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 6/17/1987 Hail 1 GREGG CO. 6/17/1987 Hail 0.88 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 6/15/1987 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 8/3/1986 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 8/3/1986 Hail 1 GREGG CO. 8/3/1986 Hail 1 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 4/12/1986 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 4/12/1986 Wind 74 GREGG CO. 4/5/1986 Hail 1 GREGG CO. 4/4/1986 Hail 1.75 GREGG CO. 4/4/1986 Hail 1.75 GREGG CO. 4/23/1985 Hail 2.5 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 4/23/1985 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 4/23/1985 Hail 1 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 4/23/1985 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 4/23/1985 Hail 3 GREGG CO. 4/23/1985 Hail 1 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 12/31/1984 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 9/1/1984 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 5/7/1984 Hail 0.75
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Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage GREGG CO. 5/2/1984 Hail 1 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 4/10/1984 Wind 61 GREGG CO. 4/10/1984 Hail 1.75 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 4/10/1984 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 4/10/1984 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 12/10/1983 Hail 1.75 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 12/10/1983 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 11/23/1983 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 11/23/1983 Wind 0 3 GREGG CO. 8/12/1983 Hail 1 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 3/4/1983 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 1/31/1983 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 6/25/1982 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 6/16/1982 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 4/25/1982 Hail 1.75 GREGG CO. 4/19/1982 Hail 2.5 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 4/2/1982 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 10/17/1981 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 6/10/1981 Tornado F0 GREGG CO. 5/9/1981 Tornado F1 GREGG CO. 5/9/1981 Tornado F2 $25,000 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 5/9/1981 Wind 0
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Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 4/3/1981 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 9/18/1980 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 5/1/1980 Hail 0.75 GREGG CO. 4/1/1979 Tornado F3 $2,500,000 GREGG CO. 2/24/1979 Hail 1.25 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 5/11/1978 Wind 85 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 5/11/1978 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 5/11/1978 Tornado F1 $250,000 GREGG CO. 5/11/1978 Tornado F1 GREGG CO. 5/11/1978 Tornado F1 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 4/30/1978 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 7/26/1977 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 5/8/1977 Tornado F1 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 5/8/1977 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 5/8/1977 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 5/26/1976 Hail 1.75 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 5/26/1976 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 5/14/1976 Hail 1.75 GREGG CO. 3/20/1976 Hail 0.75 GREGG CO. 3/20/1976 Hail 1 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 9/4/1975 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 4/29/1975 Hail 1.75 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 1/10/1975 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 10/31/1974 Wind 0
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Property Location Date Event Mag Deaths Inj Damage Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 2/21/1974 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 12/3/1973 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 11/24/1973 Tornado F1 $2,500 GREGG CO. 1/20/1973 Hail 0.75 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 6/21/1972 Wind 52 GREGG CO. 12/14/1971 Tornado F2 $25,000 GREGG CO. 4/19/1970 Tornado F2 $250,000 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 3/3/1970 Wind 0 GREGG CO. 12/27/1968 Tornado F1 $25,000 GREGG CO. 4/27/1968 Hail 1.75 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 4/23/1966 Wind 0 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 4/26/1965 Wind 52 GREGG CO. 10/14/1962 Tornado F1 GREGG CO. 11/22/1961 Tornado F2 $25,000 GREGG CO. 11/2/1961 Tornado F1 $250 GREGG CO. 11/2/1961 Tornado F2 $2,500 GREGG CO. 5/3/1958 Tornado F3 $250,000 Thunderstorm GREGG CO. 5/23/1957 Wind 53 GREGG CO. 4/26/1957 Tornado F2 GREGG CO. 4/26/1957 Tornado F3 $25,000 GREGG CO. 4/26/1957 Tornado F3 $25,000 GREGG CO. 5/2/1954 Tornado F2
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APPENDIX II
ADDITIONAL VERIFICATION OF PARTICIPATION
On the following pages are copies of sign-in sheets or minutes from the hazard mitigation planning meetings held during the course of this HMAP revision:
Date of Meeting Location Description Number Attending May 25, 2017 Gilmer, TX Planning Meeting 3 August 1, 2017 Longview Fire Dept. Planning Meeting 6 Training Center September 7, 2017 Longview Fire Dept. LEPC Meeting – HMAP was 32 Training Center described & discussed; public participation ensued November 13, 2017 Longview Fire Dept. Planning Meeting 7 Training Center February 15, 2018 Longview Fire Dept. LEPC Meeting – HMAP was 38 Training Center described & discussed; public participation ensued March 15, 2018 Gilmer, TX Planning Meeting 3 April 16, 2018 Public Works Action Items Discussion 5 Conference Room, Meeting Longview, TX June 7, 2018 Longview Fire Dept. LEPC Meeting – HMAP was 38 Training Center described & discussed; public participation ensued
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LEPC Meeting Minutes
Call to Order: Gregg County LEPC meeting was called to order on Thursday, Sept 7th, 2017 @ 11am at 411 American Legion Blvd Longview Fire Department Training Bldg, Longview, Tx.
The meeting convened at 11:00 am. Chairperson – Mark Moore presided. There were approximately 32 in attendance. Lunch was generously provided by Eastman Chemical.
Guest Speakers/Advisors: Chief JP Steelman, Longview Fire Dept. – Mark Moore, Gregg County Fire Marshall – Angela Norton, HMAP-ETCOG – Donetta Miller, ETCOG – & Deaun Stinecipher, DPS/TDEM gave a presentation on our current Hazard Mitigation Plan.
New Business: Election of a Vice-Chairperson. Nomination: Andy Parker as Vice-Chairperson Motion: Hank Hester, Assistant Chief Longview Fire Dept. 2nd that Motion: David Adkinson, Fire Chief Eastman Chemical Motion was passed.
Hazard Mitigation Plan is due Sept 2018
2013 Hazard Mitigation Plan Topics 2017 Hazard Mitigation Plan Topics Thunderstorm (wind, hail, lightning) Multi Hazard Severe Winter Storm Flood Tornado Dam/Levee Failure Drought Drought Flooding Wildfire WUI Fire Tornado Earthquake Severe Winter Storm Dam Failure Windstorm Hailstorm Lightning Extreme Heat
Behind the scenes development: Small group committee mtgs and public group committee mtgs
Adjournment: Mark Moore
Our next LEPC meeting – TBA
The Sept 7th, 2017 meeting was adjourned at 1:00 pm.
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September 7, 2017, LEPC Invitees – Attendees
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APPENDIX III
ADOPTION RESOLUTIONS
This section is reserved for adoption resolutions, which will be added after FEMA approval of this update. The following jurisdictions will adopt this Hazard Mitigation Action Plan:
Gregg County
City of Clarksville City
City of Easton
City of Gladewater
City of Kilgore
City of Lakeport
City of Longview
City of White Oak
East Texas Council of Governments
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