DIIS REPORT Cindy Vestergaard Governing Uranium in Australia DIIS Report 2015:11 DIIS REPORT DIIS . DANISH INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 1 DIIS REPORT 2015:11 © Copenhagen 2015, the author and DIIS Danish Institute for International Studies, DIIS Østbanegade 117, DK 2100 Copenhagen Ph: +45 32 69 87 87 Fax: +45 32 69 87 00 E-mail:
[email protected] Web: www.diis.dk Layout: Allan Lind Jørgensen ISBN 978-87-7605-762-6 (pdf ) DIIS publications can be downloaded free of charge from www.diis.dk This report is part of the larger global 'Governing Uranium' project led by DIIS which is made possible by support from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. Cindy Vestergaard, Senior Researcher, International Security
[email protected] 2 DIIS REPORT 2015:11 Contents Abbreviations 4 Acknowledgements 6 1. Introduction 7 2. Uranium Production in Australia 8 2.1 Operating Mines 10 2.2 Mothballed Mines 14 2.3 Mines Approved 16 2.4 Government–Industry Collaboration 18 3. History of Uranium Production in Australia 20 3.1 Path to Responsible Supplier 24 3.2 Australia and Nuclear Power 31 4. Australian Regulation Today 33 4.1 Australia’s Uranium Exports and Safeguards 38 4.2 Australia–India Nuclear Cooperation Agreement 44 4.3 Uranium Security 50 5. Conclusion 53 Figures Figure 1. Australia Uranium Production 1945–2014 9 Figure 2. Total World Production by Country 1945–2013 10 Figure 3. Recent Production from Uranium Mines 16 Figure 4. Total Uranium Production from Closed Mines in Australia 23 Figure 5. Countries with which Australia has (or is negotiating)