DOCSLIB.ORG

Preface of the Chinese Version of ``The Seismite Problem''

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Preface of the Chinese Version of ``The Seismite Problem'' Journal of Palaeogeography, 2016, ▪(▪): 1e5 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-palaeogeography/ Multi-origin of soft-sediment deformation structures and seismites Preface of the Chinese version of “The seismite problem” Zeng-Zhao Feng China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China Abstract During the past 30 years (1987e2016), a great progress has been made in researches of soft- sediment deformation structures (SSDS) and seismites in China. However, the research thought of the aca- demic field was not open-minded. It was almost with one viewpoint, i.e., almost all the papers of this field published in China considered the beds with SSDS as seismites. In order to change the phenomenon of one viewpoint, Feng et al. (2016) wrote a paper “Researches of soft-sediment deformation structures and seis- mites in China d A brief review” as “to cast a brick to attract the jade”, emailed this paper to many geologists in China and other countries, and invited them to write papers for the symposium of “Multi-origin of soft- sediment deformation structures and seismites”, to orally present their papers at the symposium, and to discuss the problems of SSDS and seismites. “The seismite problem” by Prof. Shanmugam is the first paper that we have received from those geologists invited by us. It is an excellent paper that covers 153 years researches of geologists worldwide and has 268 references. It is beneficial to the researches of SSDS and seismites in China. The most important contribution of this paper is to challenge and negate the term “seismites” introduced by Seilacher (1969). Therefore, the term “seismites” should be obsoleted. Chinese geologist translated the term “seismites” into “震积岩” (Zhenjiyan) (the beds induced by earthquake and sedimentation). It is a mistranslated term and should not be used any more. Whether the term “seismites” should be obsoleted or not, and whether the term “震积岩” (Zhenjiyan) should not be used any more, these problems should be discussed and determined by numerous geologists in China and worldwide, and should be determined by geological practice. Another important contribution of “The seismite problem” is introduction of triggers and emphasis of liquefaction. 21 triggers and 2 types of soft-sediment constitute the theoretical foundation of the formation process of SSDS. If we utilize the method of “On contradiction” by Tse-Tung Mao (1937), study the formation process of SSDS in which there are many contradictions, and devote every effort to finding its principal contradiction, the SSDS can reveal something about the triggers, i.e., can reveal something about the origin of SSDS. Keywords Soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS), Seismites, 震 积 岩 (Zhenjiyan), Triggers, Liquefaction, Formation process of SSDS, Principal contradiction © 2017 China University of Petroleum (Beijing). Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of China University of Petroleum (Beijing). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Received 1 September 2016; accepted 24 October 2016; available online xxx E-mail address: [email protected]. Peer review under responsibility of China University of Petroleum (Beijing). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jop.2016.10.003 2095-3836/© 2017 China University of Petroleum (Beijing). Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of China University of Petroleum (Beijing). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Please cite this article in press as: Feng, Z.-Z., Preface of the Chinese version of “The seismite problem”, Journal of Palaeogeography (2016), http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jop.2016.10.003 2 Z.-Z. Feng 1. Introduction 2. A challenge to the “seismites” During the past 30 years (1987e2016), about 140 The most important contribution of the paper “The articles of soft-sediment deformation structures seismite problem” is a challenge to the term “seismi- (SSDS) and seismites were published in Chinese jour- tes” introduced by Seilacher (1969). nals, and some monographs of this academic field When translating “The seismite problem”, I care- were also published in China. It is a great progress in fully read the original paper “Fault-graded beds China. However, in these articles and books, the interpreted as seismites” by Seilacher (1969).I origin of SSDS was almost with one viewpoint, i.e., considered that the challenge to the term “seismites” the SSDS were almost induced by earthquakes and the is rational, just as Shanmugam stated: beds with SSDS were almost seismites. It is not a good The original paper of Seilacher (1969) was not a phenomenon. regular research article, but a “Short communication” In order to change the phenomenon of one view- published in the Sedimentology (13, 155e159). point, Feng et al. (2016) wrote a paper “Researches of In the late 1960s, as a visiting professor of the soft-sediment deformation structures and seismites in University of California at Santa Cruz, Seilacher took a China d A brief review”.Itis“to cast a brick to attract short field excursion to study the Miocene Monterey the jade”. I sent this paper to many geologists in China Shale at a nearby Elwoods Beach, north of Santa Bar- and other countries and invited them to write papers bara, California, USA. Only on an about 10 m outcrop (in Chinese and in English) for the symposium “Multi- and based on the so-called “4 fault-graded beds”,he origin of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) wrote the “Short communication” and introduced the and seismites”, to attend the symposium in the 14th term “seismites”. National Conference of Palaeogeography and Sedi- In fact, the “4 fault-graded beds” are not “graded mentology during September 23e25, 2016, held by beds”. They are not the sandwiched folded beds be- Henan Polytechnic University, in Jiaozuo, Henan tween undeformed beds either. It is why the “4 fault- Province, China, to orally present their papers at the graded beds” can't be accepted by geologists symposium, and to discuss the problems of SSDS and worldwide. seismites. The excellent papers will be published in At the neighboring places of the outcrop that the special issues of “Multi-origin of soft-sediment Seilacher (1969) studied, other geologists had discov- deformation structures and seismites” in the Journal ered many sandwiched folded beds. But these sand- of Palaeogeography (both Chinese Edition and English wiched folded beds are unrelated to earthquakes. Edition). Therefore, Shanmugam stated: The genetic term “The seismite problem” by Prof. G. Shanmugam is “seismites” which appears to have been introduced in the first paper that we have received from those ge- haste without necessary stratigraphic, structural, ologists invited by us. It is a challenged paper with very lithological and literature information, is a misnomer plentiful content and distinguished viewpoints. and a cosmetic term. For these reasons, the term Prof. Yuan-Sheng Du suggested that this paper “seismites” has no redeemable scientific value and should be published in the Journal of Palae- should be obsoleted. ogeography as soon as possible, and it is better to It is a challenge with basis, insight, and courage. translate it into Chinese and to publish the Chinese “With basis” means that the challenge is with solid translation in the Journal of Palaeogeography (Chi- foundation and evidence. Please refer to the sections nese Edition). Therefore, the numerous Chinese “1.1 The seismite problem” and “2.3 The genesis of readers can read the Chinese version and can get the term seismites” in the paper “The seismite more beneficial data and advanced viewpoints, and problem”. then promote the development of researches of SSDS “With insight” means that the author Shanmugam and seismites in China. precisely selected the original paper of Seilacher I and Dr. Min Liu accepted his suggestion and (1969) as an object of challenge. As long as the translated the paper into Chinese. “root-cause” analysis of the original paper of Seilacher The translation process benefits me much experi- (1969) is sufficient enough, the term “seismites” will ence. Now, I write our experience as a preface of this be valueless and should be negated and obsoleted. Chinese version. This preface may be also a brief re- “With courage” means that the author Shanmugam view of the paper “The seismite problem”. Criticisms has the courage to challenge a world-famous academic and corrections are heartily welcome. authority. Please cite this article in press as: Feng, Z.-Z., Preface of the Chinese version of “The seismite problem”, Journal of Palaeogeography (2016), http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jop.2016.10.003 Preface of the Chinese version of “The seismite problem” 3 In Chinese geological field, it just lacks the spirit of He also considered that any one of the 21 triggers can challenge with basis, insight and courage. We should induce liquefaction. The SSDS are formed in aqueous learn from this spirit. sediment, i.e., in soft-sediment, therefore the SSDS do not and cannot reveal anything about triggers. This statement is rather knotty and hard to un- 3. “震积岩” (Zhenjiyan) is a mistranslated derstand. Some explanations are as follows. term 4.1. 21 triggers Prof. Yi-Ming Gong (Gong, 1987, 1988) translated the English term “seismites” into Chinese term “震积 The introduction of 21 triggers by Shanmugam 岩” (Zhenjiyan), and juxtaposed it with “海啸岩” (2016) is an important innovation. The various types (tsunamites) and “风暴岩” (tempestites), and there- of SSDS are induced by these 21 triggers and the fore introduced these English terms into Chinese “seismites” is one type of SSDS. Therefore, the “seis- literature. It is a contribution to the geology of China. mites” is not equal to the SSDS.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dressing for the Times: Fashion in Tang Dynasty China (618-907)
    Dressing for the Times: Fashion in Tang Dynasty China (618-907) BuYun Chen Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 BuYun Chen All rights reserved ABSTRACT Dressing for the Times: Fashion in Tang Dynasty China (618-907) BuYun Chen During the Tang dynasty, an increased capacity for change created a new value system predicated on the accumulation of wealth and the obsolescence of things that is best understood as fashion. Increased wealth among Tang elites was paralleled by a greater investment in clothes, which imbued clothes with new meaning. Intellectuals, who viewed heightened commercial activity and social mobility as symptomatic of an unstable society, found such profound changes in the vestimentary landscape unsettling. For them, a range of troubling developments, including crisis in the central government, deep suspicion of the newly empowered military and professional class, and anxiety about waste and obsolescence were all subsumed under the trope of fashionable dressing. The clamor of these intellectuals about the widespread desire to be “current” reveals the significant space fashion inhabited in the empire – a space that was repeatedly gendered female. This dissertation considers fashion as a system of social practices that is governed by material relations – a system that is also embroiled in the politics of the gendered self and the body. I demonstrate that this notion of fashion is the best way to understand the process through which competition for status and self-identification among elites gradually broke away from the imperial court and its system of official ranks.
    [Show full text]
  • Historiography and Narratives of the Later Tang (923-936) and Later Jin (936-947) Dynasties in Tenth- to Eleventh- Century Sources
    Historiography and Narratives of the Later Tang (923-936) and Later Jin (936-947) Dynasties in Tenth- to Eleventh- century Sources Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie an der Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München vorgelegt von Maddalena Barenghi Aus Mailand 2014 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Hans van Ess Zweitgutachter: Prof. Tiziana Lippiello Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: 31.03.2014 ABSTRACT Historiography and Narratives of the Later Tang (923-36) and Later Jin (936-47) Dynasties in Tenth- to Eleventh-century Sources Maddalena Barenghi This thesis deals with historical narratives of two of the Northern regimes of the tenth-century Five Dynasties period. By focusing on the history writing project commissioned by the Later Tang (923-936) court, it first aims at questioning how early-tenth-century contemporaries narrated some of the major events as they unfolded after the fall of the Tang (618-907). Second, it shows how both late- tenth-century historiographical agencies and eleventh-century historians perceived and enhanced these historical narratives. Through an analysis of selected cases the thesis attempts to show how, using the same source material, later historians enhanced early-tenth-century narratives in order to tell different stories. The five cases examined offer fertile ground for inquiry into how the different sources dealt with narratives on the rise and fall of the Shatuo Later Tang and Later Jin (936- 947). It will be argued that divergent narrative details are employed both to depict in different ways the characters involved and to establish hierarchies among the historical agents. Table of Contents List of Rulers ............................................................................................................ ii Aknowledgements ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 82031272.Pdf
    journal of palaeogeography 4 (2015) 384e412 HOSTED BY Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of- palaeogeography/ Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Carboniferous and Permian in the Qinshui Basin, Shanxi Province, China * Long-Yi Shao a, , Zhi-Yu Yang a, Xiao-Xu Shang a, Zheng-Hui Xiao a,b, Shuai Wang a, Wen-Long Zhang a,c, Ming-Quan Zheng a,d, Jing Lu a a State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China b Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, China c No.105 Geological Brigade of Qinghai Administration of Coal Geology, Xining 810007, Qinghai, China d Fujian Institute of Geological Survey, Fuzhou 350013, Fujian, China article info abstract Article history: The Qinshui Basin in the southeastern Shanxi Province is an important area for coalbed Received 7 January 2015 methane (CBM) exploration and production in China, and recent exploration has revealed Accepted 9 June 2015 the presence of other unconventional types of gas such as shale gas and tight sandstone Available online 21 September 2015 gas. The reservoirs for these unconventional types of gas in this basin are mainly the coals, mudstones, and sandstones of the Carboniferous and Permian; the reservoir thicknesses Keywords: are controlled by the depositional environments and palaeogeography. This paper presents Palaeogeography the results of sedimentological investigations based on data from outcrop and borehole Shanxi Province sections, and basin-wide palaeogeographical maps of each formation were reconstructed Qinshui Basin on the basis of the contours of a variety of lithological parameters.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on the Auspicious Animal Motifs on Han Textiles in Ancient China
    A STUDY ON THE AUSPICIOUS ANIMAL MOTIFS ON HAN TEXTILES IN ANCIENT CHINA Zhang Wen 張文 Xu Chunzhong 徐純中 Wu Zhuo 吳焯 Qiu Yiping 邱夷平 hinese textiles have many animal motifs, found weft ones will be from 1/3 up to nearly all of of the C especially in combination with traditional Chi- cloth width (Zhao 2005, p. 132). There are many dif- nese cloud-designs. Such textiles were manufactured ferent kinds of animals in the designs on these textiles. during the period of the Han 漢代 and Northern Dy- To begin, we will classify in the table on the next page nasties (206 BCE – 589 CE), with many of the high- all the auspicious animals on the textiles by “species,” est quality examples produced in the Eastern Han the individual pieces often identifi ed by the inscrip- period, (25 – 220 CE). In earlier research, most schol- tions on them. ars thought motifs such as the winged monster origi- All the textiles in the list represent some of the fi n- nated in Chinese traditional culture: such auspicious est examples of world textile art. Most of them were 麒麟 天祿 animals have other names, e.g., qilin , tianlu , manufactured during the period from the Han to the 辟邪 bixie . Of interest though is the fact that similar Northern and Southern Dynasties. Such silk textiles depictions have been found in other places far away have been found in different sites, evidence for Silk from China — Central Asia, Western Asia, and even Road trade across Eurasia, from Korea in the east to in ancient Greece.
    [Show full text]
  • Text and Its Cultural Interpretation
    TEXT AND ITS CULTURAL INTERPRETATION I. Alimov MORE ABOUT SUN GUANG-XIAN AND BEI MENG SUO YAN1* There is very little information remaining about Sun “Generations [of the Song family] worked on the Guang-xian (孫光憲, 895?—968, second name land, but only Guang-xian began studying diligently Meng-wen 孟文, pen-name Baoguang-zi 葆光子); from a young age”, even his exact date of birth is not known [1]. His life- time came at the very end of the Tang rule, the period it is stated in Song dynastic history. Sun Guang-xian of the Five Dynasties and the first years of the Song was the first in his family who resolved to escape from dynasty. Information on where Sun came from is also poverty, and set his mind on science, book-learning, contradictory: well-known Song bibliophile Chen arts and achieved considerable results in these areas. Zheng-sun (陳振孫, 1190—1249) wrote in his bibliog- He followed the path of an official: he successfully raphy [2] that Sun Guang-xian was originally from passed the examinations and joined the public service Guiping in the region of Lingzhou (in the north-east and his first appointment the post of administrative part of what now is the Renshouxian district of assistant of his home region of Lingzhou [6]. The au- Sichuan province) [3], and the meagre biography of thor of “Springs and Autumns of the Ten Kingdoms”, Sun Guang-xian in Song dynastic history (j. 483) says Qing historian Wu Zhi-yi (吳志伊, second half of the same. Still, one of the most well-known works by 17th—first half of 18th century), says that it was at the him Bei meng suo yan (北夢瑣言, “Short Sayings from end of the rule of the Tang dynasty.
    [Show full text]
  • A Han Dynasty Chinese Textile with a Hellenistic Decoration Motif
    Marta Żuchowska "Grape Picking" Silk from Palmyra : a Han Dynasty Chinese Textile with a Hellenistic Decoration Motif Światowit : rocznik poświęcony archeologii przeddziejowej i badaniom pierwotnej kultury polskiej i słowiańskiej 12 (53)/A, 143-162 2014 ŚWIAToWIT • XII (LIII) /A • 201 4 MARTA ŻUChoWSKA “G RAPE PiCKinG ” S iLK FRoM PALMyRA . A h An DynASTy ChinESE TExTiLE WiTh A hELLEniSTiC DECoRATion MoTiF Keywords : Chinese silk, Chinese weaving, Han examples of Mediterranean, perhaps Syrian production dynasty, Palmyra, Silk Road (SChMIDT -C oLINET , S TAUFFER , AL AS‘AD 2000: 53). Thirteen fragments are undoubtedly of Chinese origin, since they represent typical Chinese types of weaving: introduction so-called han damask – warp-faced tabby with warp floats Among textile finds from Palmyra one calls for [qi 綺] and so-called han brocade – warp-faced compo - special attention. It is Chinese polychrome silk with deco - und tabby [ jin 錦]. ration representing human figures picking grapes, and animals: camels and tigers. The weaving technique suggests Table 1. Types of textiles found at Palmyra (M. Żuchowska, that this fabric must have been produced in China, but the based on SChMIDT -C oLINET , S TAUFFER , AL AS‘AD 2000). motif is definitely uncommon in Chinese iconography and Tab. 1. Rodzaje tkanin znalezionych w Palmyrze. until now the find from Palmyra is the only evidence of such representation on jin silk dated to the reign of the Material Number of finds han dynasty (206 bC – AD 220). The aim of this paper is Silk 96 to discuss issues connected to the place of this particular Wool 265 object in the cultural context of Chinese textile production Cotton 36 in the early 1 st millennium.
    [Show full text]
  • The Disappearance of Silk Weaves with Weft Effects in Early China
    Chinese Science 12 (1995): 41-76 The Disappearance of Silk Weaves with Weft Effects in Early China Angela Sheng [Angela Sheng was formerly Assistant Curator in the Textiles Department, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada. She is now living and researching in Japan. Material in Figures 5, Al, A2, and A4 has been reprinted from Dorothy K. Burnham, Warp and Weft: A Textile Tenninology (Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, 1980), with permission ofthe author.} * * * n 1982 spectacular costumes and textiles were unearthed from the Number I One Chu Tomb (340-278 B.C.) at Mashan in Jiangling (Hubei 1985). Complex patterns woven with weft effect were found on seven silk bands (taodai) trimming the opening of four robes. 1 This discovery all but shatters the misconception that the ancient Chinese learned to weave patterns in the weft from foreigners and obliterates the false debate about the origin of the Chinese drawloom. 2 But it also raises a new question: why did the Chinese not continue 1 The term "weaves with weft effects" follows Dorothy Bumham's classification ( 1980: 195-96). Textile terms are often confusing in both English and Chinese and this confusion is compounded in translation. As much as possible, I will use modem Chinese textile terms that refer to weave structures and provide their English equivalents. Where two different ancient textiles are the same in structure, I will use their historical names. For details on Chinese silk weaves, see Becker 1987: 23-25 and Zhao Feng 1992: 31-73. For an explantion of textile terins, see Appendix. 2 Based on textile finds from Antinoi!, Egypt dating to A.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Determining the Value of Textiles in the Tang Dynasty in Memory of Professor Denis Twitchett (1925–2006)
    Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society http://journals.cambridge.org/JRA Additional services for Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Determining the Value of Textiles in the Tang Dynasty In Memory of Professor Denis Twitchett (1925–2006) ANGELA SHENG Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society / Volume 23 / Issue 02 / April 2013, pp 175 ­ 195 DOI: 10.1017/S1356186313000151, Published online: 19 July 2013 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1356186313000151 How to cite this article: ANGELA SHENG (2013). Determining the Value of Textiles in the Tang Dynasty In Memory of Professor Denis Twitchett (1925–2006). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 23, pp 175­195 doi:10.1017/S1356186313000151 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/JRA, IP address: 91.240.2.62 on 19 Jul 2013 Determining the Value of Textiles in the Tang Dynasty In Memory of Professor Denis Twitchett (1925–2006)1 ANGELA SHENG How did people in Tang dynasty China view textiles and how did they conceive of their value? Those involved in production could calculate the value in terms of the costs of raw materials, labour and the loom used to weave a particular textile. They might add to this the costs of workshop supervision and maintenance, distribution and marketing, and they might expect to see some benefit – a profit – in the process. However, most people would be end users, and would reckon the value of textiles by eye, if not also by hand, and what they considered to be the market value.
    [Show full text]
  • The 5Th International Congress on Science and Technology of Ironmakin
    The 5th International Congress on Science and Technology of Ironmakin (ICSTF09) October 20-22,2009 Shanghai, China Organized by The Chinese Society for Metals Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on the Science and Technology of Ironmaking Part B Blast Furnace Ironmaking Bl-1 Ironmaking Process Bl-1.01 Advancement and Thought of BF Iron-Making Technology in Baosteel ZHURen-liang andLI Yon-qing (Baoshan Iron & Steel Co Ltd) 537 B1 -1.02 Technological Reconstruction of Ansteel Ironmaking System Since "The Tenth Five-Year" SHANG Ce, WANG Qian, WANG Bao-hai and TANG Qing-hua (Angang Steel Co Ltd) 544 B1-1.03 Developments in Blast Furnace Ironmaking Chandan Barman Ray, Narayan Sengupta and Amitava Dasgupta (M.N. Dastur & Company (P) Ltd) 549 B1 -1.04 Progress in Technology of Vanadium-Bearing Titanomagnetite Smelting in Pangang FU Wei-guo andXIE Hong-en (Panzhihua Iron & Steel Research Institute) 554 Bl-1.05 Technical Advance of TISCO Ironmaking WANG Hong-bin and YAN Kui-hong (Taigang Stainless Steel Co Ltd) 560 B 1-1.06 The Mini Blast Furnace Flex Castro Jose A dilson (Federal Fluminense University) 5 64 B1-1.07 Progress of Iron-Making Technology for Special Ore in Baotou Steel WUHu-lin, SONG Guo-long andMAXiang (Baotou Steel Group Co) 569 Bl-1.08 Some of the Aspects Future of Blast Furnace Ironmaking The Process: Focusing on Low Cost Hot Metal Maarten Geerdes, Roman Vaynshteyn andReinoud van Laar (Danieli Corus BV) 575 B1 -1.09 Technique Index Analysis on Different Types of Blast Furnace DUANDong-ping and LIU Wen-quan (Chinese Academy
    [Show full text]
  • The Later Tang Reign of Emperor Mingzong
    From Warhorses to Ploughshares The Later Tang Reign of Emperor Mingzong Richard L. Davis Hong Kong University Press The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong www.hkupress.org © 2014 Hong Kong University Press ISBN 978-988-8208-10-4 (Hardback) All rights reserved. No portion of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any infor- mation storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed and bound by Paramount Printing Co., Ltd., Hong Kong, China Contents Acknowledgments ix Preface xi Chart 1: Ancestry of Li Siyuan xvi Map 1: Map of Later Tang, ca. 926 xiv Chapter 1: People and Places 1 The conI 1 The Shatuo People 6 The Life and Legacy of Li Keyong 11 Imperial Women 15 Sons 18 Surrogate Sons 21 The upremeS Sibling Rivalry 24 Cast of Political Characters 26 Chapter 2: Royal Passage 33 The Slow Climb 33 The bortedA Reign of Zhuangzong 39 Unruly Guards and Bodyguards 42 The epidT Regent 49 Chapter 3: Political Events: The Tiancheng Reign, 926–930 63 Chapter 4: Political Events: The Changxing Reign, 930–933 89 Chapter 5: Institutions, Reforms, and Political Culture 121 Governing Officials 121 Law and Order 126 Campaign against Corruption 131 Historical Practices and Projects 134 Culture 137 Education and Examinations 140 From Finances to Technology 147 viii Contents Chapter 6: Volatile Periphery 155 The Shatuo-Kitan Rivalry 155 Nanping 162 Sichuan in Revolt 164 Epilogue 177 The bortedA Rule of Li Conghou (r.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Journal of Atherosclerosis
    CHINESE JOURNAL OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS Volume 18,Number 9 September 26, 2010 CONTENTS EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 1.Tongxinluo Prevented Vasospasm Through Lowering Circulation Angiotensin Ⅱ Level and Restraining Local Oxidative Stress.XIE Lian-Na，ZENG Ding-Yin，ZHANG Hai-Shan， SUN Dan-Meng ， PANG Xue-Feng ， and GUAN Qi-Gang. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS. 2010;19(19): 677 2.Effects of Rosiglitazone on Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by Angiotensin Ⅱ.REN Li-Qun，LI Ying-Juan，GUO Xiao-Zhen，SHENG Zu-Long，and LIU Nai-Feng . CHINESE JOURNAL OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS. 2010;19(19): 682 3.The Model Estabilishment and Identification of RAW264.7 Macrophage Derived Foam Cell.ZHOU Yun，WO Xing-De，and LU De-Zhao . CHINESE JOURNAL OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS. 2010;19(19): 687 4.Effects of Insulin on Impaired Ischemia Induced Neovascularization in Diabetic Mice.DONG Li, LIU Ying, SHEN Yu, CHEN Qin, BAI Jian, and XU Biao . CHINESE JOURNAL OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS. 2010;19(19): 691 5.The Role of Intrauterine Chronic Hypoxia on Vascular Endothelial Function in Rats Offspring.WANG Zhen-Hua，HUANG Zi-Yang,and LV Guo-Rong.CHINESE JOURNAL OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS. 2010;19(19): 696 6.Multiplication of Human Cytomegalovirus in Umbilical Arteries Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.LI Ling-Fang ， CHEN Hua ， and WU Guo-Jun. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS. 2010;19(19): 701 7.Expression of CD34 in Human Coronary Atherosclerotic Lesion.SONG Jing-Yu，DI Cun-Dan，LI Hui，and SHEN Yu-Jia. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS. 2010;19(19): 705 8.Expression of AngiotensinⅡ Type2 Receptor and the Effects of Rosuvastatin on it After Vascular Balloon Injury in Rats.LIU Ping，LI Yong-Hong，MAN Yu-Lin，and CAI Shang-Lang.
    [Show full text]
  • Korea and the Silk Roads, by Staffan Rosén
    Volume 6, Number 2 (Winter/Spring 2009) The Silk Road CONTENTS From the editor’s desktop ........................................................................ 2 Korea and the Silk Roads, by Staffan Rosén .......................................... 3 Alexander the Great and the Emergence of the Silk Road, by Yang Juping 杨巨平 .............................................................................. 15 Centaurs on the Silk Road: Recent Discoveries of Hellenistic Textiles in Western China, by Robert A. Jones ...................................................... 23 Dialogue Among the Civilizations: the Origin of the Three Guardian Deities’ Images in Cave 285, Mogao Grottoes, by Zhang Yuanlin 張元林 ..... 33 Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute: Possible Religious Symbolism within the Late-Song Paintings, by Lauren Arnold .............................................. 49 Shrine Pilgrimage among the Uighurs, by Rahilä Dawut ........................... 56 Cover photo: The golden crown from the northern mound of Tomb 98 in Kyôngju. Collection of the National Museum of Korea, Seoul. Photo © 2008 Daniel C. Waugh. The Silk Road is a semi-annual publication of the Silkroad Foundation supplied in a limited print run to li- braries. We cannot accept individual subscriptions. Each issue can be viewed and downloaded at: <http:// www.silkroadfoundation.org/toc/newsletter.html>. Please feel free to contact us with any questions or con- tributions. General guidelines for contributors may be found in Vol. 2, No. 1 (June 2004) on the website. The Silkroad Foundation Editor: Daniel C. Waugh 14510 Big Basin Way # 269 [email protected] Saratoga, CA 95070 © 2009 Silkroad Foundation © 2009 by authors of individual articles and holders of copyright, as specified, to individual images. “The Bridge between Eastern and Western Cultures” From the editor’s desktop This is the eleventh issue (of the twelve published) of this journal for which I have had editorial responsibility.
    [Show full text]