Synthetic Drugs

MINISTERO DELL’INTERNO

DIPARTIMENTO DELLA PUBBLICA SICUREZZA PREFACE

The 36th edition of the DCSA Annual Report has become a traditional event and a long- established statistical analysis, offering a useful contribution to the investigative strategies and, more in general, a series of data concerning the law enforcement activities. All the operators of social, information and drug prevention sectors can easily consult it in the electronic version, which was already experimented last year. The effective counter-narcotic activities at national and international level and the preventive measures taken within our territory have resulted in 22,000 operations as well as in numerous administrative sanctions, as provided for by the Italian legislation in case of drug possession for personal use. Moreover, in 2012, more than 50 tonnes of drugs were seized and almost 35,000 persons were reported to the Judicial Authority. In this framework, the Direzione Centrale per i Servizi Antidroga has coordinated the most significant drug operations, often involving the foreign counterparts, also through its 20 Law Enforcement Attachés, stationed in the major drug source and transit countries. Furthermore, thanks to DCSA coordination 668 investigative matches have been identified. Our agency has also supported the local operational units with high- tech electronic devices and specialized staff so to achieve positive results. Unfortunately, notwithstanding the above-mentioned effective counter-narcotic efforts, our domestic market - like those in other Countries - has continued to represent the most lucrative business for drug traffickers’ organizations. In addition, the law enforcement agencies have also to face another increasingly alarming threat represented by the online sale of numerous types of drugs. The chemical substances have won the psychological resistance of many young people who wrongly believe that these drugs are less dangerous than others, thus becoming easy prey for an illicit market, trying to fulfil the wish for attention and for socialization, typical of this age group. Moreover, since the Tables of controlled substances have to be constantly updated by the Ministry of Health, smart drugs traffickers try to take advantage of the time gaps, rapidly offering synthetic substances which are always different in their chemical compounds but have similar psychoactive principles. i n di c e The Director Andrea De Gennaro

Moreover, the manufacturetrafficking of routes, new the drugs, entry are all theof drivingemerging search forces Countries of for transnational overviewto alternative theof this crime.phenomenon,main Inconsumption international further addition,drug-related drug marketsin order problems profits to must havebe taken launderinga into completeaccount: and with financial the markets, consequent rehabilitation economic “contamination” of resourcesdrug ofabusers. price to legal paid devoteLast in terms commercialbut of tohuman not lives prevention,least thesefollowing mentionindependent car treatment accidentsmust variables duebe andto affectmade drugAlso intoxication. foreconomy ofthis reasons the in DCSA different Allpromoteshigh and participatesways. on theininternational prevention initiativesand fight againstfocused anddrug trafficking,in the inBalkan particular areas, inillicit the Mediterraneanwhich trades. are still majorFinally, thecriminalAnnual Report isalsovehicle a markets forbettera knowledge and whichofthedrug crossroads phenomenon may befor used both fullyby awarelaw enforcementof this terribleoperatorsas indicated scourgeand by bytheand Holycivilcombine Father society “PeacePopeall Francis effortstoso the duringto whole towardsbe world,last Urbi atorn commonet Thisapart Orbi byEastergoal,is violence amessage heavylinked totask, drug prevention trafficking…”.involving or supplyall reductionpublic strengthenandand allprivate having actions a institutions againstcommon thistarget: abandonglobal dealingthe threatfirmvulnerable with resolutionas well peopledrug as tothe living strong in determinationdifficult conditions not to because of drug abuse.

CONTENTS

status of country and NATIONAL COUNTER-NaRCOTIC ACTIVITIES

ACTVI I TIES of the DIREZIONE CENTRALE PER I SERVIZI antidroga

PART ONE

STATUS OF COUNTRY AND NATIONAL nents onte c COUNTER-NARCOTIC ACTIVITIES

national counter-narcotic activities

law-enforcement activities at regional and provincial level

ORGANIZED CRIME national counter-narcotic

ACTIVITIES

introduction nents onte c

drug operations

drug seizures

persons reported to the judicial authority

cocaine

heroin

cannabis

synthetic drugs

general table

drug abuse deaths

Introduction The drug multinational corporations, entrenched all These operations only referred to the indictable over the world move the illicit substances through offences without considering the violations and the

a complex network of smuggling routes originating administrative sanctions. e on rt pa from the source countries to the consumption areas, The above-mentioned operations involved all types attracted by the high profits deriving from these of drugs whose trafficking and trade is prohibited by illicit activities. Italy - where many powerful local law. and foreign criminal organizations are active - is a major European transit point and a consumption area as well as a cannabis producing country although to 23,272 a limited extent. The analysis of data gathered by the Direzione 22,748 Centrale per i Servizi Antidroga in 2012 - mainly referring to constantly monitored indicators such

as drug operations, persons reported to the Judicial nts onte c Authority and drug seizures - highlighted that drug demand and supply were still high, notwithstanding the effective counter-narcotic measures taken by the 2011 2012 law enforcement authorities in this sector. With respect to the previous year, the seizure trend Ten-year trend showed: Since 2003, the number of drug operations has - an increase of +17.27% for heroin; always been around 21,000 per year, peaking in 2009 - a decrease of -16.20% for cocaine; with 23,316 operations and reaching the lowest level - an increase of +37.06% for synthetic drugs and a in 2003 with 18,495. This discrepancy should be decline of the amphetamines in powder (-2.95%); considered in the light of the numerous legislative - marijuana seizures almost doubled (+96.73%) and amendments made, mainly aimed at focusing the a slight increase of hashish seizures (+7.70%). attention on the most serious crimes in order to hit An increase of drug abuse deaths (+7.14%) was also the upper echelons of drug trafficking organizations. recorded. The enforcement efforts reached high levels and culminated in the seizure of a total of kg 50,155 30,000 23,316 23,272 23,179 22,748 22,193 (+27.10%) of drugs, while 34,971 (-6%) subjects 22,166 20,776 19,877 18,745 were reported to the Judicial Authority: out of them, 20,000 18,495 12,226 were foreign nationals (-4.31%) and 1,263 minors (+5.87%). 10,000

0 drug operations 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 In 2012, 22,748 drug operations were conducted, with a decrease of 2.25% with respect to 2011. regional distribution of drug operations

Lombardia, with a total of 3,545 operations, is in the The most evident decreases were recorded in Friuli lead with respect to the other regions, followed by Venezia Giulia (-19.72%) and Marche (-17.37%). Lazio (2,956), Campania (2,341), Emilia Romagna Considering the number of drug operations by macro (1,859), Sicilia (1,615) and Puglia (1,596). areas, in 2012, the North of Italy was in the lead with

pa rt on e The lowest levels were recorded in Molise (113) and 43.10%, followed by the South of Italy and islands Valle d’Aosta (45). with 33.62% and by Central Italy with 23.29%. With respect to 2011, the number of drug operations increased in Basilicata (+7.69%), Abruzzo (+3.40%) and Campania (+3.31%).

tino A. en A r . e d’Ao T li V. Giul ll st iu i a a 417 r a V 45 ba F om rdia 228 c onte nts L e 3,545 Ven to mon Pie te 1,521 1,318 Rom ilia agna Liguria m 871 E 1,859

Toscana arche 1,338 M Umbria 590 413

Abruzzo Lazio 517 2,956 Molise Puglia 113 1,596 mpani Ca a 2,341 silica Ba ta rdegn 154 Sa a 720 by macro areas

Calabria 591 2% .6 3 3

Sicilia

1 1,615

3 2 drug seizures

In 2012, with respect to the previous year, increases The cocaine traffickers operating in Italy were above e on rt pa of seizures of heroin (+17.27%), hashish (+7.70%), all supplied by the Colombian market. This substance marijuana (+96.73%), amphetamines in doses was mainly transported through Ecuador, Venezuela, (+26.52%), LSD (+13.99%) and of the number of Brazil and the Dominican Republic and, once in cannabis plants were recorded, totalling a remarkable Europe, through Spain and the Netherlands. Heroin increase of 308.85%. On the contrary, there was reaching Italy mainly originated in Afghanistan, via a drop in the seizures of cocaine (-16.20%) and Turkey and the Balkan Peninsula. As to hashish, amphetamines in powder (-2.95%). The most the criminal networks used the smuggling routes significant seizure occurred in Imperia, in September transiting Spain and France. The Dutch market of (kg 3,680 of hashish). synthetic drugs and marijuana still has a significant As to the market of minor drugs, the following role with regard to Italy. In Italy, the most relevant seizures were made: kg 330.82 of khat; kg 6.36 and drug trafficking activities were operated by the nents onte c litres 8.50 of GBL; kg 1.65, litres 37.11 and 6,548 following criminal networks: doses of methadone; kg 44.27 and 5,227 poppy - for cocaine: ‘Ndrangheta, Camorra, Balkan and capsules. South American crime groups; - for heroin: the Puglia and Campania-based crime 2011 2012 groups having close contacts with Albanian and Balkan organizations, while at the lowest levels Kilograms of the chain there were Tunisian and Moroccan groups;

25,000.00 - for cannabis derivatives: the Sicilian, Lazio 21,892.60 21,495.67 20,327.02 20,000.00 and Puglia-based criminal networks along with Maghrebi, Spanish and Albanian groups. 15,000.00 10,926.23 10,000.00 Ten-year Trend 6,352.76 5,323.84 5,000.00 The year 2003 stood out for a total quantity of 45 993.94 950.92 810.88 426.64 50.28 66.20 0.00 tonnes of drugs seized, while since 2004 these values Cocaine Heroin Hashish Marijuana Synthetic Other drugs drugs have never been below 26 tonnes. The highest quantity was reached in 2012 (kg 50,156) and the lowest in 2004 (kg 26,463). These relevant values were mainly

Number due to the seizures of cannabis derivatives, that in the last five years, have levelled on an average of 39,000

5,000,000 kilograms. 4,500,000 4,122,617 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 60,000.00 50,155.86 46,944.82

2,000,000 42,740.17 39,461.12 34,125.98 33,214.21 31,956.28 31,634.57 1,500,000 40,000.00 31,495.24 26,463.12 1,008,336 1,000,000 500,000 20,000.00 16,582 22,727 16,318 27,256 0 Cannabis Synthetic Other 0.00 plants drugs drugs 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 regional distribution of drug seizures Puglia, with a total quantity of kg 12,843 of drug seizures was recorded in Sicilia (+246.35%) and seized, is in the lead as absolute value with respect Puglia (+177.66%). to the other regions, followed by Lombardia (9,759), The most significant percentage drops were recorded Liguria (6,071), Lazio (5,491), Campania (3,104) and in Toscana (-76.97%) and Umbria (-59.50%). Sicilia (2,995). The analysis of drug seizures according to macro pa rt on e The lowest levels were recorded in Molise (12) and areas revealed that the South of Italy and islands are Valle d’Aosta (17). in the lead with 45%, followed by the North with With respect to 2011, a significant increase of 40.21% and by Central Italy with 14.79%.

Drug seizures 250.27 45 1,257.58 17.45 9,759.57 1,569.58 465 449 0 765 238 321 1,571 1 3,131 5,182 813 0 5,109 606 tino A. en A r . V. G T uli iul e d’Ao ri ia ll st F a a V mbardi Lo a 44.63 net Ve o 16 iemonte 447 c onte nts P 856 1,196.38 Roma ur ilia gna 1,579 Lig ia m E 1,453 234 947.14 35 232 ca 6,071.27 755.13 Tos na 84 162 313 Marche 1,768 1,982 239.64 12.01 mbria 140 6,437 U 226 0 752 19 223.67 91 37 104 Abruzzo 12,843.10 283 Lazio 235 65 4,002,644 5,491.66 glia Molise Pu 4,736 2,867 5,269 1,942 mpani Ca a silica Ba ta 3,104.77 rdegn Sa a 15,118 165.28 14,348 0 42 191 by macro areas 477.70 alabria 16 560 C gram 6,071 kilo s 5,510 2,733.21 0 51,921 0% 54 .0 Sicilia 5 4 2,995.84 15

4 24,887 0

. 163 2 1

% Legend

Cocaine, heroin, hashish, marijuana, synthetic drugs, other drugs (kg)

7 . 4 1 Synthetic drugs (tablets) Cannabis plants (No.) Other drugs (No.) drug seizures made in customs areas You will find here below the quantities of the main - marijuana: 8,611.69 kg, of which 99.68% at maritime drugs seized in 2012 in border areas, in particular: borders, 0.06% at land borders and 0.26% at air e on rt pa - heroin: 198.38 kg, of which 35.08% at maritime borders. borders, 56.50% at air borders and 8.42% at land The comparison of 2012 values with those of the borders; previous year, highlighted a remarkable decrease - cocaine:3,471.41 kg, of which 70.48% at maritime (-49.98%) of the seizures made at land borders and borders, 27.69% at air borders and 1.83% at land a decline (-26.28%) of those made at airports, while borders; there was an increase (+37.31%) of the seizures - hashish: 1,735.84 kg, of which 93.52% at maritime made at maritime areas, thus proving a significant borders, 3.68% at land borders and 2.80% at air strengthening of intelligence and operational actions. borders; nents onte c Cocaine Heroin Hashish Marijuana Synthetic drugs Other drugs

kg kg kg kg kg Number kg Number

Air borders 961.14 112.08 48.65 22.14 10.55 146 224.34 1,685 Maritime borders 2,446.65 69.61 1,623.20 8,584.02 0.13 7 0.00 73 Land borders 63.62 16.69 63.92 5.53 4.32 75 34.41 31

Total Customs areas: 3,471.41 198.38 1,735.77 8,611.69 15.01 228 258.75 1,789

Overall quantities of drugs seized (kg)

2011 2012 Tauro, 300 kg ioia of G coc of a 12,723.61 t in or e P 9,266.12 1,870.35 1,378.91 376.86 188.49

Air borders Maritime borders Land borders

Overall quantities of drugs seized (number/doses/tablets) 2,010 1,831 1,447 106 80 34 Air borders Maritime borders Land borders persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012, 34,971 persons were reported to the Judicial The substance resulting in the highest number of Authority, with a decrease of 6% with respect to the reports was cocaine (12,386 cases), followed by previous year. hashish (8,267), marijuana (5,838), heroin (5,578) 22,745 cases regarded Italian nationals (65.04%) and and cannabis plants (1,361).

pa rt on e 12,226 foreign nationals (34.96%). The incidence of women and minors was respectively of 8.52% and type of offence 3.61%. As to the type of offence, 34,971 persons were In details, there was a drop in the reports for heroin- reported to the Judicial Authority, of which 27,300 related offences (-19.32%), for cocaine (-6.54%) and were arrested (-5% if compared to 2011). 3,372 hashish (-4.01%), while there was an increase in the cases regarded conspiracy to illicit drug trafficking, reports for marijuana-related offences (+11.12%).A thus showing the strong and constant attention of decline was also recorded for cannabis plants- the counter-narcotic services towards the organised related offences (-3.88%) and synthetic drugs-related crime sector. offences (-2.08%).

Persons reported according to type of report, offence and age groups 40,000 2011 2012 33,940 31,593 c onte nts 2012 % varation 30,000 2011

Type of offence 20,000

illicit trafficking (Art.73) 31,593 -6.92 10,000 3,223 3,372 conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 3,372 4.62 40 6 0 other offences 6 -85.00 Illicit trafficking conspiracy to Other offences (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) age of age 33,708 -6.39 Ten-year trend minors 1,263 5.87 In the time-frame under consideration, the persons gender reported to the Judicial Authority but not arrested for males 31,993 -5.96 drug-related offences exceeded the number of 30,000, females 2,978 -6.41 except for 2003, when the reports slightly dropped

Country of origin (29,580). The high number of reports for violations of Italy 22,745 -6.88 the Drugs Act, as well as the stable trend, has proved Other countries 12,226 -4.31 the effective and continuous counter-narcotic action.

age groups < 15 61 38.64 15 ÷ 19 3,414 -4.24 20 ÷ 24 7,172 -5.66 39,182 37,203 36,574 35,477 25 ÷ 29 6,877 -7.75 35,439 40,000 34,971 33,128 31,636 31,484 29,580 30 ÷ 34 5,663 -11.86 30,000 35 ÷ 39 4,460 -1.35 20,000 10,000 ≥ 40 7,324 -3.52 0 Total 34,971 -6.00 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 regional distribution - persons reported to the judicial authority

Lombardia, with a total number of 5,104 subjects to the Judicial Authority was noticed in Basilicata e on rt pa involved in drug trafficking, is in the lead as absolute (+24.80%) and Lazio (+8.24%). value in comparison with the other regions, followed The most significant percentage drops were recorded by Lazio (4,584), Campania (3,441), Sicilia (2,887) in Molise (-31.17%) and Marche (-26.69%). and Emilia Romagna (2,657). Analysing the macro-areas, the subjects reported The lowest values were recorded in Valle d’Aosta to the Judicial Authority are subdivided as follows: (54) and Molise (170). 40.96% in the North of Italy, 35.28% in the South and As compared to 2011, a remarkable increase of reports islands and 23.76% in Central Italy.

tino A. en A r . nts onte c e d’Ao T li V. Giul ll st iu i a a 651 r a V F 54 mbardi 401 Lo a 5,104 Veneto mon Pie te 2,034 1,947 Rom ilia agna Liguria m 1,475 E 2,657

Toscana Marche 2,127 Umbria 920 679

Abruzzo Lazio 994 4,584 Molise Puglia 170 2,597 mpani Ca a 3,441 silica Ba ta 307 rdegn Sa a 1,016 Calabria 926

by macro areas

Sicilia

8% 2,887 .2 5 3

. 3 2 foreign nationals reported to the judicial authority Introduction In Italy, in 2012 a significant presence of foreign drug hashish and heroin smuggling while the Serbian traffickers (34.96% of the total number of persons nationals are mainly active in heroin and cocaine reported for drug-related offences) was recorded. trafficking.

pa rt on e With respect to 2011, there was a decrease of 4.31% of reports against these subjects. Main foreign groups reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 Foreign crime groups settled in Italy mainly operated in the cocaine, cannabis derivatives and heroin trafficking sector. Country Total Among the foreign nationals involved: Moroccan 2011 (Art.73) % variation conspiracy to nationals accounted for 23.60% of the total of foreign other offences illicit trafficking nationals reported at national level, followed by trafficking (Art.74) Tunisians (17.54%), Albanians (16.98%), Nigerians Morocco 2,792 93 - 2,885 -13.10 % (6.13%) and Senegalese nationals (3.82%). Tunisia 2,049 96 - 2,145 -9.84 % Albania 1,633 443 - 2,076 22.05 % In particular, the Albanians, Tunisians and Moroccans Nigeria 734 16 - 750 -7.75 % were in the lead either for criminal conspiracy and Senegal 422 45 - 467 38.99 %

c onte nts drug trafficking or street pushing. Romania 357 21 - 378 2.72 % Egypt 254 1 - 255 9.91 % Dominican Republic 181 58 - 239 -40.69 % % Incidence of each country compared with the overall number Gambia 202 - - 202 -14.77 % of foreign nationals reported in 2012 Algeria 193 8 - 201 -20.55 % Morocco 23.60% Spain 136 25 - 161 -35.34 % Tunisia 17.54% Gabon 149 2 - 151 -0.66 % Albania 16.98% Colombia 67 51 - 118 4.42 % France 105 4 - 109 0.00 % Nigeria 6.13% Brazil 89 2 - 91 11.65 % Senegal 3.82% Other countries 1,783 215 - 1,998 16.34 % Romania 3.09% Total 11,136 1,090 0 12,226 -4.19 % Egypt 2.09% Dom. Republic 1.95% Gambia 1.65% Ten-year trend Algeria 1.64% In the last ten years, the reports of foreign nationals Spain 1.32% to the Judicial Authority have progressively increased Gabon 1.24% (8,189), and in the last four years have reached the Colombia 0.97% France 0.89% most relevant values peaking in 2011 with 12,777 by macro areas Brazil 0.74% reports to the Judicial Authority. Other countries 16.34%

15,000 12,777 12,487 12,226 12,108 11,507 11,507

The Albanian ethnic groups and the Moroccan gangs 12,500 10,758 9,594 9,033 8,792 mainly operate in cocaine and heroin importation 10,000 8,189 7,500 and distribution; the Colombian nationals are mostly 5,000 active in cocaine importation; the Nigerians are 2,500 interested in both cocaine and heroin trafficking; the Maghrebi nationals are mainly involved in cocaine, 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 foreign nationals reported at regional level

Foreign drug trafficking groups are mostly active in The regions reporting a minor incidence in this sector e on rt pa Lombardia, Emilia Romagna, Lazio, Toscana and are the Southern regions where even the street pushing Veneto. is controlled by the local criminal organizations. In absolute terms, data pertaining to these regions Moreover, the Moroccan groups are mostly have an incidence of 64.42% on the national estimates. concentrated in Lombardia, Emilia Romagna, Also Liguria reached high levels of incidence of Toscana and Veneto; the Albanian groups are mainly foreign nationals reported to the Judicial Authority settled in Toscana, Lombardia and Emilia Romagna; in relation to the population. This phenomenon is the Tunisians are active above all in Emilia Romagna, linked to its geographical position along one of the Veneto and Lombardia while Nigerian clans are hashish routes, coming from Morocco, via Spain and active in Veneto, Piemonte and Emilia Romagna. France. nents onte c

tino A. en A r . A T V. G lle ost uli iul a a 334 ri ia V ba F 6 om rdia 154 L e 2,726 Ven to mon 1,092 Pie te 982 Rom ilia agna Liguria m 834 E 1,468

Toscana arch 1,148 M e Umbria 342 442

Abruzzo Lazio 293 1,442 Molise Puglia 6 202 mpani Ca a 315 silica Ba ta rdegn 17 Sa a 100

alabria by macro areas C 60

10 .27% % 0 .6 7 cili 2 Si a

263

1 3 % foreign nationals reported at provincial level

Milan, Rome and Torino are the most affected the University for Foreigners is located), Bologna, provinces with regard to foreign groups involved in Firenze, Padova, Genova, Brescia and Bergamo. drug trafficking. On the contrary, the provinces of Analysing the macro-areas, in 2012, the foreign Avellino, Enna, Nuoro, Isernia, Vibo Valentia and nationals reported to the Judicial Authority are

pa rt on e Benevento have only recorded a negligible presence subdivided as follows: 62.13% in the North of Italy, of these groups. A quite remarkable number of reports followed by Central Italy with 27.60% and by the can also be noticed in the provinces of Perugia (where South and islands with 10.27%.

Bergamo 287 Mantova 41 Brescia 335 Milano 1,426 Bolzano 125 Belluno 5 Venezia 183 Como 94 Monza-Brianza 71 Trento 209 Padova 509 Verona 159 Cremona 127 Pavia 64 Rovigo 21 Vicenza 131 Lecco 16 Sondrio 26 Lodi 24 Varese 215 Treviso 84 Aosta 6 Gorizia 13 Pordenone 62 tino A, Trieste 18 en A r , Udine A T V, G 61 lle ost uli iul a a ri ia V ba F om rdia L e c onte nts Ven to

mon Pie te Bologna 627 Piacenza 98 Ferrara 76 Ravenna 127 Rom ilia agna Forli 58 Reggio Emilia 108 Liguria m Modena 114 Rimini 97 E Parma 163

Genova 496 Ancona 136 Macerata 51 Imperia 90 scan Ascoli Piceno 47 Pesaro 64 To a Fermo 44 Alessandria 74 La Spezia 132 Marche Savona 116 Asti 42 mbria Biella 14 U Aquila 86 Pescara 54 Cuneo 56 Chieti 34 Teramo 119 Novara 29 Arezzo 49 Torino 704 Firenze 535 Abruzzo Campobasso 5 Verbania 44 Grosseto 15 Isernia 1 Vercelli 19 Livorno 77 Perugia 365 Lazio Lucca 72 Terni 77 Bari 100 Foggia 18 Massa 21 Molise gl a Barletta-Andria-Trani 7 Lecce 26 Pisa 149 Pu i Frosinone 14 Roma 1,265 Brindisi 29 Taranto 22 Pistoia 63 Latina 48 Viterbo 95 Prato 143 Rieti 20 Siena 24 mpani Ca a silica Ba ta Benevento 3 ardegna S Caserta 61 Matera 8 Napoli 214 Potenza 9 Salerno 37 Avellino 0 Cagliari 27 alabria Nuoro 1 C Oristano 16 Sassari 56 Catanzaro 28 Cosenza 15 Crotone 8 Reggio Calabria 8 Vibo Valentia 1 Sicilia

Agrigento 12 Palermo 58 Caltanissetta 14 Ragusa 68 Catania 71 Siracusa 18 Enna 1 Trapani 8 Messina 13 Females reported to the judicial authority

Females reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 87.27% of cases regarded the offence of illicit e on rt pa were 2,978, of them 2,187 were arrested, i.e. 8.52% trafficking and 12.59% that of conspiracy to drug of the total reports at national level, with a decrease of trafficking. 6.41%, with respect to the same period of the previous Females reported to the Judicial Authority by type of offence year. Among them, 681 women were foreigners, in particular Romanians, Nigerians, Albanians and 2,746 3,000 2,599 Moroccans. 2,500 2011 2012 The prevailing age group was >= 40 years’ old, with 2,000 766 cases. 1,500 1,000 419 375 500 17 4 0 Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other offences Females reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) nts onte c

% Variation 2012 2011 In the last decade, the reports against women peaked in 2010 and set their minimum level in 2003. Type of report

arrested 2,187 -1.44 Females - ten-year trend Reported but not arrested 772 -18.91

at large 19 72.73

4,000 3,371 3,209 3,186 3,182 3,099 3,086 2,979 2,978 2,934 Type of offence 2,871 3,000

illicit trafficking (Art.73) 2,599 -5.35 2,000

conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 3375 -9.50 1,000 other offences 4 -76.47 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 age Females reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 by country of origin of age 2,904 -6.29

minors 74 -10.84 % Variation 2012 2011 Country of origin Italy 2,297 -6.40 Italy 2,297 -6.40 Romania 94 0.00 Other countries 681 -6.46 Nigeria 80 -16.67 age groups Albania 75 70.45 < 15 5 25.00 Morocco 59 -6.35 15 ÷ 19 199 -7.87 Dom. Republic 51 -40.70 20 ÷ 24 571 -4.67 Colombia 32 23.08 25 ÷ 29 537 -16.61 Brazil 29 20.83

30 ÷ 34 503 2.44 Spain 24 -22.58

35 ÷ 39 397 -1.00 Philippines 19 35.71

≥ 40 766 -7.38 Other countries 218 -12.80

Total 2,978 -6.41 Total 2,978 -6.41 regional distribution of women reported to the judicial authority

Lazio, with a total number of 432 women involved The most significant percentage drops were recorded in drug trafficking, is in the lead as absolute value in Marche (-40.69%) and Friuli Venezia Giulia in comparison with the other regions, followed by (-32.81%). Campania (392), Lombardia (340), Puglia (243) and Analysing the macro-areas, the women reported

pa rt on e Sicilia (200). to the Judicial Authority in 2012 are subdivided as The lowest values were recorded in Basilicata (19) follows: 39.86% in the South and islands, 34.72% in and Valle d’Aosta (5). the North of Italy and 25.42% in Central Italy. As compared to 2011, a remarkable increase of reports to the Judicial Authority was noticed in Lazio (+27.81%) and Puglia (+17.39%).

tino A. en A r . T li V. Giul le Aos 35 iu i al ta r a V F 5 mbardi 43 Lo a 340 Veneto mon Pie te 160 137 c onte nts Rom ilia agna Liguria m E 183 131

Toscana 185 Marche Umbria 86 54

Abruzzo Lazio 148 432 Molise Puglia 25 243 mpani Ca a 392 silica Ba ta rdegn 19 Sa a 87

Calabria 73

by macro areas

Sicilia 6% .8 200 9 3

4 . 5 2 Minors reported to the judicial authority

Minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 As to the type of offence, 1,248 minors were reported e on rt pa were 1,263, of them 780 were arrested i.e. 2.23% of for illicit drug trafficking and 13 for conspiracy to the total reports at national level, with an increase of illicit drug trafficking. 5.87%, with respect to the same period of the previous Minors reported to the Judicial Authority by type of offence year. Out of the total of reports, 61 subjects were 14 years’ old. As shown in the following table, the reports constantly increased as the subjects reached 1,500 1,250 1,179 the legal age. Among the minors reported, 287 were 1,250 2011 2012 foreigners, in particular, Tunisians and Moroccans. 1,000 750 500 250 13 13 1 0 0 nents onte c Minors reported to the J.A. 2012 Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other offences (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) % Variation 2012 2011 In the last decade, the reports against minors peaked in 2012 and reached their minimum level in 2007.

Type of report Minors - ten-year trend arrested 780 0.13 reported but not arrested 483 17.23 2,000

1,500 1,263 1,204 1,193 1,164 1,148 1,142 at large 0 -100.00 1,130 1,049 1,046 1,037 1,000 Type of offence 500 illicit trafficking (Art.73) 1,250 6.02 0 conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 13 0.00 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 other offences 0 -100.00 Minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 by country of origin gender % Variation males 1.189 7.12 2012 2011 females 74 -10.84 Italy 976 0.10 Tunisia 48 -5.88 country of origin Morocco 46 24.32 Italy 976 0.10 Gabon 36 80.00 other countries 287 31.65 Senegal 35 150.00 age Albania 29 26.09

14 61 38.64 Romania 14 -17.65 Nigeria 7 600.00 15 175 4.17 Malesia 6 -- 16 395 8.82 Ivory Coast 5 150.00 17 632 2.27 Other countries 61 15.09 Total 1,263 5.87 Total 1,263 5.87 regional distribution of minors reported to the judicial authority

Lombardia, with a total number of 153 minors The most significant percentage drops were recorded involved in drug trafficking, is in the lead as absolute in Umbria (-52.94%) and Friuli Venezia Giulia value in comparison with the other regions, followed (-51.85%). by Lazio (135), Piemonte (130), Campania (127), Analysing the macro-areas, the minors reported in

pa rt on e Sicilia (126) and Puglia (102). 2012 to the Judicial Authority were subdivided as The lowest values were recorded in Molise (4) and follows: 42.28% in the North of Italy, followed by the Valle d’Aosta (7). South and islands with 38% and 19.71% in Central As compared to 2011, a remarkable increase of Italy. reports to the Judicial Authority was noticed in Valle d’Aosta (+600%), Basilicata (+160%) and Piemonte (52.94%).

tino A. en A r . e d’Ao T li V. Giul ll st iu i a a 34 r a V 7 F mbardi 13 Lo a 153 Veneto mon Pie te 77 130 c onte nts Rom ilia agna Liguria m 42 E 78

Toscana Marche 71 Umbria 35 8

Abruzzo Lazio 22 135 gl Molise Pu ia 4 102 mpani Ca a 127 silica Ba ta rdegn 13 Sa a 61

Calabria 25 by macro areas

0% Sicilia .0 8

3 126

% %

. 9 1 Cocaine ar ne on rt pa In 2012, in Italy the operations (-3.68%) for cocaine- As to the type of crime, 83.49% regarded the illicit related offences slightly decreased, as well as the trafficking and 16.51% the most serious offence of reports (-6.54%). There was also a significant criminal conspiracy to drug trafficking. decline in the seizures (-16.20%), thus confirming Persons reported to the Judicial Authority by type of offence the last year trend indicating a stable demand for this 12,000 11,265 substance. 10,341 2011 2012 On the whole, in 2012, the operations to combat 8,000 cocaine trafficking were 6,735 and the reports to 4,000 the Judicial Authority were 12,386 while 5,323.83 1,986 2,045 kilograms of cocaine were seized. 2 0 0 Of 12,386 persons reported for cocaine-related Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other offences (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences, 1,156 (9.33%) were women and 189 nts onte c (1.53%) were minors. The foreign nationals involved were 4,783, The cocaine seized during the drug operations was corresponding to 38.62% out of the total of subjects mainly discovered strapped to the person (590), reported for cocaine-related offences. inside houses (509), inside vehicles (226), in corpore (159), inside luggage (123) and inside letters or Persons reported to the J.A. for cocaine - related offences (2012) parcels (60). 2012 % variation 2011 The most significant cocaine seizures carried out

Type of offence in Italy in 2012 occurred in Gioia Tauro/Reggio illicit trafficking (Art.73) 10,341 -8.20 Calabria (622.37 kg), Settimo Milanese/Milan (258 conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 2,045 2.97 kg) and Pisa (213.30 kg). other offences 0 -100.00 Evidence-based results showed that the Italian age market was mainly fuelled by the Colombian cocaine of age 12,197 -6.81 that reached our Country through several routes. In minors 189 15.24 particular, in 2012, the main transit Countries for gender cocaine destined to Italy (evidence-based data) were males 11,230 -6.81 Brazil, Chile, Peru, the Dominican Republic and females 1,156 -3.83 Ecuador. country of origin Italy 7,603 -5.95 Cocaine source countries (kg seized) 2012 other countries 4,783 -7.47 age groups 1,250 1,045.02 < 15 20 66.67 1,000

15 ÷ 19 577 -13.23 750 587.70 482.77 20 ÷ 24 2,138 -7.57 500 385.81 292.93 277.77 25 ÷ 29 2,528 -7.26 250 188.04 52.51 36.31 34.19 30 ÷ 34 2,249 -9.35 0 Peru chile

35 ÷ 39 1,855 0.16 Spain Brazil france Chile Mexico France Ecuador ≥ 40 3,019 -5.77 Argentina Panama Rep.

Total 12,386 -6.54 Dominican Rep. The foreign nationals who were mostly involved for the last ten years has been of 4,384 kg, recorded a in cocaine-related offences came from Albania, peak (6,352 kg) in 2011. Morocco, Nigeria and Tunisia. The operations moved from 5,134 in 2003 to 6,735 in 2012; the reports from 9,502 to 12,386 and the Ten-year trend seizures from 5,538 kg to 5,323 kg. Since 2003, the trend of operations for cocaine-related Seizures (kilograms) pa rt on e offences has recorded a steady increase until 2008, 10,000.00 with a decline from 2009 to 2012. Also the trend of

7,500.00 6,352.76

cocaine-related reports to the Judicial Authority has 5,323.84 4,639.12 4,382.78 4,134.57 4,100.99 3,936.20 5,000.00 3,845.61 3,588.89 increased but since 2011 a slight fluctuation has been 3,538.78 recorded. As to the seizures, whose average quantity 2,500.00 0.00 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Operations Persons reported to the J.A.

10,000 13,854 13,628 13,306 13,253 7,422 7,420 13,216 7,111 7,111 7,135 12,705 6,992

15,000 12,386 12,182 6,735 11,837 11,837 6,482 7,500 6,440 5,887 9,502 5,134 10,000 5,000

c onte nts 2,500 5,000

0 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 g of cocaine -110 k (Guar icino dia ium di F a F ina m nz Ro a) regional distribution of drug operations, seizures and persons reported to the judicial authority for cocaine in

2012 e on rt pa

The regions recording major cocaine seizures Analysing the macro-areas, the cocaine seizures made were: Calabria (2,130.61 kg), followed by in 2012 showed the South and islands in the lead with Lombardia (1,122.12 kg) and Lazio (644.27 kg). 49.41% of the total number of seizures, followed by Lombardia ranked first for the number of persons the North of Italy 33.32% and by Central Italy with reported (2,284), followed by Lazio (1,835), 17.27%. Campania (1,134), Sicilia (969) and Emilia Romagna (830).

79 1347 30.55 446 10 484 1,122.12 135 3.42 138.51 2,284 82.71 12 719 694 nents onte c tino A. en A r . A T V. G lle ost uli iul a a ri ia V F mbardi Lo a 48 Veneto 9.25 emont Pi e 126

Rom 491 ilia agna iguria m 101.94 L E 830 175 13.74 293 267 285.56 Toscana arche 570 400 M 169 252.79 Umbria 18.50 741 452 15 0.33 ruzz 17 136 Ab o 410 8.45 Lazio 36.63 248 797 960 Molise Puglia 644.27 1.835 mpani Ca a silicat by macro areas Ba a rdegn Sa a 17 g operatio 657 ru ns 6.26 D 386.25 7.71% 19 2 156 1.134 alabria 14.30 C

232 4

4 8

8 89 4

% 2 2,130.61 305

Sicilia

seizu ug res ported to 353 Dr re th ns e 37.65 o J s 9% . % r .6 A 969 1 e 1 3 . 4 P . 3

9 3

4 . 3

4 Legend 2

3 %

6 Drug operations

9 %

2 % 7 . 7 2 Seizures kg Persons reported to the J.A. Heroin In 2012, in Italy there was an increase in the seizures As to the type of offence, 86.77% regarded the illicit of heroin, passing from 810.88 in 2011 to 950.92 trafficking and 13.23% the most serious offence of in 2012 (+17.27%). On the contrary, there was a criminal conspiracy to drug trafficking. drop in the operations as well as in the reports for pa rt on e heroin-related offences, respectively recording 2,983 Persons reported to the Judicial Authority by type of offence

(-17.12%) and 5,578 (-19.32%). 8,000 2011 2012 6,292 Of 5,578 persons reported for heroin-related offences, 6,000 4,840

645 (11.56%) were women and 68 (1.22%) were 4,000

minors. The foreign nationals involved were 2,518, 2,000 620 738 2 0 corresponding to 45.14% out of the total of subjects 0 reported for heroin-related offences. Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other offences (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74)

Persons reported to the J.A. for heroin - related offences (2012) The heroin seized during the drug operations was % variation 2012 2011 mainly discovered strapped to the person (267 cases), inside houses (200), cars (81), in corpore (39) and Type of offence inside luggage (26). c onte nts illicit trafficking (Art.73) 4,840 -23.08 The most significant cocaine seizures carried out conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 738 19.03 in Italy in 2012 occurred in Stra/Venezia (81.5 kg), other offences 0 -100.00 Milano (55.20 kg) and Bari Maritime Port (41.10 kg). The foreign nationals who were mostly involved in age heroin-related offences came from Tunisia, Morocco, of age 5,510 -19.24 Albania, Nigeria and Algeria. minors 68 -25.27 According to evidence-based results, the Italian

gender market was fuelled by heroin that reached our Country

males 4,933 -19.71 through several routes. In particular, in 2012, the main transit Countries for heroin destined for Italy females 645 -16.23 were Greece, Tanzania, the Netherlands, Kenya and country of origin Pakistan. Italy 3,060 -22.49 Heroin source countries (kg seized) 2012 other countries 2,518 -15.10

age groups 80 < 15 1 0.00 70 66.24 15 ÷ 19 236 -34.63 60 54.73 20 ÷ 24 976 -27.92 50 40 25 ÷ 29 1,230 -18.16 27.51 30 22.65 30 ÷ 34 1,028 -24.19 20 13.70 9.35 7.35 6.76 35 ÷ 39 819 -11.84 10 3.59 2.28 0 ≥ 40 1,288 -8.65 Spain Kenya France Greece Turkey Turkey Holland Pakistan Total 5,578 -19.32 Belgium Tanzania Tanzania Germany Ten-year trend

In the long term, the trend of operations and reports to 2012 totalling the following values: 1,312 kg, e on rt pa to the Judicial Authority is almost stable from 2003 1,155kg, 944 kg, 811 kg and 951 kg. to 2012, totalling about 3,500 operations and 6,500 Seizures (kilograms persons reported to the Judicial Authority. Data pertaining to seizures - after a period of stability in 2,591.66 3,000.00 2,556.77 2003/2004 exceeding the quantity of 2,500 kilograms 1,899.49 2,000.00 1,373.77 1,328.84 1,312.46 seized – had a slight increase in 2007 with 1,899 1,155.51 950.92 943.96 kilograms, followed by fluctuations from 2008 1,000.00 810.88

0.00 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Operations Persons reported to the J.A.

10,000 3,864 nents onte c 3,741 3,647 3,599 3,579 3,497 4,000 3,491 3,313 3,281 7,056 6,914 6,801 6,779 6,601 2,983 6,592 6,480 6,414

7,500 6,221

3,000 5,578 5,000 2,000

1,000 2,500

0 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 - 4 kg of heroin (State enza Poli Cos ce) regional distribution of drug operations, seizures and persons reported to the judicial authority for heroin in 2012

The regions recording major heroin seizures were: Analysing the macro-areas, the heroin seizures made Lombardia (324.79 kg), followed by Puglia (124.08 in 2012 showed the North of Italy in the lead with kg), Veneto (119.59 kg), and Emilia Romagna (116.77 66.92% of the total number of seizures, followed by

pa rt on e kg). Emilia Romagna ranked first for the number of the South and islands with 23.15% and by Central persons reported (581), followed by Puglia (566), Italy with 9.93%. Campania (564), Lombardia (518) and Toscana (490).

71 30.21 331 111 329 4 151 324.79 119.59 0.04 25.13 518 3 239 482

tino A. en A i V. Giul r . ul le Aos T ri ia al ta F V ba om rdia L 44 Veneto 0,53 mon Pie te 64

om 355 c onte nts R ilia agna Liguria m 116.77 E 581 118 12.85 224 143 Toscana 19.31 233 Marche 104 310 53,37 Umbria 30.52 490 258 28 0.26 66 98 bruzzo A 211 6.55 Lazio 124.08 156 262 566 by macro areas Molise 21.70 Puglia 437 mpani g operation Ca a Dru s silica Ba ta .29% 28 rdegn Sa a 25 325 0.69 57,57 120 37 564

% 4 b 7 a

4 2,17 Cal ria

8 .

. 8

3 7 88

2 %

46 3.46 89

seiz orted Sicilia ug ures s rep to th Dr on e rs J. e A 68 3.15% % . 2 P 19 5. 1.34 % 3 212 3 9 .

3 Legend

3 Drug operations 4

% 6 . 2 9 Seizures kg Persons reported to the J.A. Cannabis e on rt pa In 2012, in Italy there was a remarkable increase in The foreign nationals who were mostly involved the seizures of marijuana (+96.73%) and a modest in cannabis-related offences came from Morocco, increase as far as hashish is concerned (+7.7%). As Tunisia, Albania, Nigeria, Romania and Senegal. to marijuana, there was a rise both in the operations As to the type of offence, 97.53% regarded the illicit (+15.29%)and in the reports for marijuana-related trafficking and 2.47% the most serious offence of offences (+11.12%). On the contrary, there was a criminal conspiracy to drug trafficking. decline in both sectors as far as hashish is concerned, Persons reported to the Judicial Authority by type of offence respectively of -2% and -4.01%. On the whole, in 2012, the operations to combat cannabis derivatives 16,000 14,800 15,084 2011 2012 trafficking were 12,060; the reports to the Judicial 12,000 Authority for hashish-related offences were 8,267, 8,000 while those pertaining to marijuana were 5,838. nts onte c In addition, 21,892.60 kilograms of hashish and 4,000 478 382 4 0 21,495.66 kilograms of marijuana were seized. 0 Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other offences Of 15,466 persons reported for cannabis-related (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences, 986 (6.38%) were women and 972 (6.28%) The most significant seizures carried out in Italy were minors. The foreign nationals involved were in 2012 occurred in Imperia (3,680 kg of hashish), 4,369 corresponding to 28.25% out of the total of Pomezia/Rome (1,500 kg of hashish), Brindisi (1,700 subjects reported for these substances. kg of marijuana) and Manfredonia/Foggia (1,610kg of marijuana). Persons reported to the J.A. for hashish and marijuana - related offences (2012) Cannabis consignments seized during the drug % Variation operations were mainly concealed inside houses 2012 2011 (1,737 cases), strapped to the person (1,281 cases), Type of offence inside vehicles (348) inside mail (120). illicit trafficking (Art.73) 15,084 1.92 conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 382 -20.08 According to evidence-based results confirming the other offences 0 -100.00 source country, it was noticed that the Italian market age was fuelled by hashish of Moroccan origin and by of age 14,494 0.81 marijuana originating in Albania. In particular, in minors 972 7.52 2012, the main transit routes for the hashish destined gender males 14,480 1.44 for Italy passed through Spain while marijuana females 986 -2.09 reached our country via Albania and Greece. country of origin Italy 11,097 -0.99 hashish source countries (kg seized) 2012 other countries 4,369 7.24 age groups 10,000 8,137.05

< 15 38 35.71 7,500 15 ÷ 19 2,481 2.35 20 ÷ 24 3,755 4.02 5,000 25 ÷ 29 2,827 -1.36 2,500 30 ÷ 34 2,125 -8.13 777.22 22.88 5.81 1.20 35 ÷ 39 1,583 5.53 0 India ≥ 40 2,657 4.57 Spain France Morocco

Total 15,466 1.20 Afghanistan Marijuana source countries (kg seized) 2012 Since 2001 antidrug operations regarding cannabis

6,000 have been undergoing an upward trend which has

4,435.66 been steady until 2012 with 12,060 operations. As to 4,500 3,942.15 the reports to the Judicial Authorities, there has been 3,000 a less evident drop until 2005, a slight increase up to 1,500 2009 and finally, a slight decline in 2011and 2012. 367.66 pa rt on e 20.35 19.47 14.44 2.66 0 Seizures hashish and marijuana (kilograms) Spain Albania Senegal Jamaica Holland Morocco Montenegro 50,000

Ten-year trend 40,000 Over the years, cannabis derivatives have been in 34,616.11 30,000 25,180.83 23,199.17 21,892.60 21,495.67 20,452.20 20,311.87 20,311.87 20,327.02 20,035.16 great demand on the illicit market. In this decade, the 19,730.02

20,000 16,423.02 15,339.39

hashish seizures amounted to more than the half of 10,926.23 10,000 8,097.83 5,504.97 4,984.93 4,550.88 3,490.69 2,485.22 the total of drug seizures in Italy. 2,400.62 0 The record peak in hashish seizures was recorded 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 in 2008 with 34,616 kilograms; that of marijuana in 2012 with 21,495 kilograms. From 2003 to 2011, the overall seizures of cannabis Cannabis plants seizures (No.) c onte nts

derivatives (hashish and marijuana) have remarkably 5,000,000 4,122,617 dropped, except for the year 2012, and the lowest 4,000,000 peak was reached in 2004, with 19,914 kilograms. 3,000,000

2,000,000 1,529,779 1,008,336 Operations 1,000,000 311,124 311,124 191,813 148,583 140,958 118,967 118,967 97,853 72,538 0 14,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 12,060 11,562 11,562 10,770 12,000 10,704 10,189 10,008 9,551 9,077 9,013

10,000 8,567 8,000 Persons reported to the J.A. 6,000

4,000 17,500 15,877 15,466 15,282

15,000 13,411

2,000 12,929 12,375 11,945 11,945 11,908 11,908 11,156 11,156

12,500 10,757 0 10,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 7,500 5,000 2,500 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 hash ari kg of ish (C kg of m juana 48 ar 33 (C a - ab .2 ar n in 0 ab g i i - i lo er l n o i o ie B ) p r a i ) N regional distribution of drug operations, seizures and persons reported to the judicial authority for cannabis in

2012 e on rt pa

The regions recording major hashish seizures were: consequently, seized in 2012 (+308.85% with respect Lombardia (7,139.31 kg), followed by Liguria to 2011): these operations were mainly carried out (5,695.31 kg) and Lazio (2,174.32 kg). As to marijuana in Puglia (4,002,644 plants seized) and Calabria major seizures were made in Puglia (12,220.46 kg) (51,921), where there are favourable climatic and in Lazio (2,543.02 kg). conditions for this type of crops. Lazio ranked first for the number of persons reported Analysing the macro-areas, the cannabis seizures for cannabis derivatives (2,085), followed by made in 2012 showed the South and islands in the Lombardia (2,054), Campania and Sicilia with the lead with 45.34% of the total number of seizures same value (1,644), and Puglia (1,135). followed by the North of Italy with 40.27% and by 4,122,617 cannabis plants were produced in Italy and, the Central Italy with 14.39%. nents onte c

252 1.664 149.53 8,202.67 465 693 30 606 3,131 390 1,009.46 13.99 1,326.38 2,054 1,571 1 5,182 778 33 877 tino A. en A r . i V. Gi e d’Ao T iul ul ll st r ia a a F V mbardi eneto Lo a V 116 mon 31.03 Pie te 447 180 ia Romag 907 iguria il na 972.48 L m 268 E 1,453 899.70 1,089 232 scan 317 407 To a 5,765.99 641 rc 233 419.23 Ma he 189.29 1,768 mbria 66 557 1,982 U 752 11.40 813 262 19 163 Abruzzo 74 208.44 Lazio 920 283 12,663.44 225 1,590 glia olise Pu 4,002,644 4,717.34 M 1,135 by macro areas 5,269 2,085 mpani Ca a erations - c ic op an asil ata g n B u a r b deg 1,306 6% i ar na D .1 s S 2,637.66 9 3 14,348 112 3 1,644 158.33

8 ab

. al ria 191

7 491 C

6 168 % 458.16

6,071

7 644 0

. 2 2 439 598.61 51,921 497 Sicilia

J.A. - ca 1,156 arijuana the nn 2,955.15 m se o ab nd izu t i 24,887 a r d s- e e % r 1,644 h s t 3 e is % r 2 l 4 - o . a h 3 k 9 t s . p 3 e Legend g e a 5 4 d 3

4 r

8 H o

s Cannabis operations

n 5

e o

2 Hashish and marijuana seizures (kg)

% n %

% e

e Cannabis plants seizures 4

3 Persons reported to the J.A. for cannabis-related offence . 4 1 Synthetic drugs In 2012, in Italy, there was a rise in the seizures As to the type of offence, 95.51% regarded the illicit of synthetic drugs (+37.06%), while a decline in trafficking and 4.49% the most serious offence of these seizures of amphetamines in powder (-2.95%) criminal conspiracy to drug trafficking. was noticed. On the whole, in 2012, the operations pa rt on e pertaining to synthetic drugs were 309, the reports Persons reported to the J.A. by type of offence for synthetic drugs-related offences were 423, while 22,727 doses were seized. 600 Of 423 persons reported for synthetic drugs-related 2011 2012 425 404 offences, 66 (15.60%) were women and 16 (3.78%) 400 were minors. The foreign nationals involved were

131 corresponding to 30.97% of the total of subjects 200 reported for this type of substances. 7 19 0 0 0 Persons reported to the J.A. for synthetic drugs - related offences (2012) Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other offences (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) % Variation 2012 2011 c onte nts

Type of offence The most significant seizure carried out in Italy illicit trafficking (Art.73) 404 -4.94 occurred in July in Castellammare di Stabia/Naples conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 19 171.43 (15,000 ecstasy tablets). other offences 0 -- The foreign nationals who were mostly involved age in synthetic drugs-related offences came from the of age 407 -3.55 Philippines (73), Iran (9), Spain (5), Albania and minors 16 60.00 Bulgaria (4).

gender Out of a total of 19 reports to the Judicial Authority for conspiracy to drug trafficking, none was issued males 357 -6.30 against foreign nationals. females 66 29.41 The synthetic drugs seized during the drug operations country of origin were mainly concealed inside parcels or letters and Italy 292 3.55 on the person. other countries 131 -12.67 The Dutch supply market still has a prominent age groups influence on our illicit trades in synthetic drugs. In < 15 0 -- 2012, the routes used to smuggle synthetic drugs 15 ÷ 19 60 50.00 generally originated in Bangladesh, Romania and 20 ÷ 24 98 -4.85 Great Britain. 25 ÷ 29 84 1.20 In Italy, the largest seizures of synthetic drugs regarded the ecstasy group substances. 30 ÷ 34 74 39.62 35 ÷ 39 42 -31.15 ≥ 40 65 -29.35 Total 423 -2.08 Ten-year trend

Since 2003, the operations, seizures and reports to the 438,437 doses seized, while in 2011 a sharp drop was e on rt pa Judicial Authority pertaining to the synthetic drugs recorded (16,582 doses seized). have had an unstable trend and peaked in 2007 with

Operations Seizures (kilograms)

600 501 481 250.00 413 401 392 170.50

351 200.00 331

400 309 150.00 213 213

100.00 66.20 50.29 200 50.28 16.77 16.49 15.06 11.67 11.67 50.00 10.75 4.49 0 0.00 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 nents onte c

Seizures (Number) Persons reported to the J.A.

1,000 600,000 840 785 695 438,437 677 750 651 379,848 329,804

400,000 498 432 423 251,593 500 327 288

200,000 133,979

74,914 250 66,214 57,615 22,727 16,582 0 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

tab 50 ecstasy lets (State a - 7 Poli Rom ce) regional distribution of drug operations, seizures and persons reported to the judicial authority for synthetic drugs in 2012

In 2012, the regions recording major synthetic drugs by Lombardia (92), Emilia Romagna (48), Puglia seizures were: Campania (15,118 doses), followed (23) and Veneto (19). by Lazio (2,867 doses), Emilia Romagna (1,579), Analysing the macro-areas, the synthetic drugs

pa rt on e Lombardia (765 doses), and Sardegna (560). seizures made in 2012 showed the South and islands Lazio ranked first for the number of persons reported in the lead with 71.08%, followed by Central Italy for synthetic drugs (124 subjects reported), followed with 14.60% and the North of Italy with 14.32%.

11 45 79 5.19 16 0 13 765 11 449 0 238 7.59 1.16 0 0.87 92 0 15 19 tino A. en A r . i V. G T ul iul le Aos ri ia al ta F V mbardi Lo a 9 Veneto 16 0.53 iemonte P 11 43 Rom c onte nts a iguria ilia gna 1,579 L m E 3.85 48 10 35 7 Toscana 162 20.66 10 13 0.40 arche 313 M 3 7 0.38 Umbria 226 1 15 0.13 0 1 2 0.02 bruzz 10 104 A o 17 azi 0.02 L o 235 0 60 uglia 0.83 2,867 Molise P 23 22.14 124 mpani Ca a by macro areas silica Ba ta 11 oper rug ation rdegn 15,118 0 D s Sa a 0.28 16.18% 0 10 13 0 % 1 560 0 2 alabria . 0.33 C

6 13 2

6 2

1 % 0 0.53 2

Sicilia 6 orted 15 ug seizur rep to t 1.30 Dr es ns he so .08% J 5 16 . r A 14 e .3 P . 2 % % %

8 3 Legend 4

1 7

4 1 . 5

9 Drug operations

6 .

7 3

% % Seizures number Seizures kg Persons reported to the J.A. eneral table

G e on rt pa Drug seizures

Cannabis Synthetic Other Cocaine Heroin hashish marijuana Synthetic Other Total kg kg kg kg drugs drugs plants drugs drugs kg kg No. No. No. kg No.

Fi v e - y e a r t r e n d

2008 4,134.57 1,312.46 34,616.11 2,400.62 10.75 265.67 148,583 57,615 21,375 42,740.17 227,573

2009 4,100.99 1,155.51 20,311.87 8,097.83 16.77 443.01 118,967 66,214 11,761 34,125.98 196,942

2010 3,845.61 943.96 20,452.20 5,504.97 50.29 698.21 72,538 74,914 6,396 31,495.24 153,848

2011 6,352.76 810.88 20,327.02 10,926.23 50.28 993.94 1,008,336 16,582 16,318 39,461.12 1,041,236 nts onte c

2012 5,323.84 950.92 21,892.60 21,495.67 66.20 426.64 4,122,617 22,727 27,256 50,155.86 4,172,600

2012 d a ta - G e o g r a p h i c a l subdivision

Northern Italy 1,774.06 636.35 15,113.96 2,357.56 19.59 265.21 14,018 3,254 8,079 20,166.73 25,351

Central Italy 919.25 94.47 2,653.53 3,591.18 43.20 115.97 7,766 3,319 8,528 7,417.59 19,613

Southern Italy and islands 2,630.53 220.10 4,125.11 15,546.93 3.42 45.46 4,100,833 16,154 10,649 22,571.55 4,127,636

Reports to the Judicial Authority

Country Age Gender Age groups

Total 15 20 25 30 35 < 15 ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ≥ 40 19 24 29 34 39 Italy Other Of Age Minors Males Females

Fi v e - y e a r t r e n d

2008 23,932 11,507 34,309 1,130 32,340 3,099 45 3,445 7,524 7,347 6,015 4,343 6,720 35,439

2009 24,087 12,487 35,410 1,164 33,388 3,186 50 3,600 7,716 7,727 6,225 4,463 6,793 36,574

2010 27,074 12,108 38,034 1,148 35,811 3,371 42 3,618 8,210 8,181 6,611 4,848 7,672 39,182

2011 24,426 12,777 36,010 1,193 34,021 3,182 44 3,565 7,602 7,455 6,425 4,521 7,591 37,203

2012 22,745 12,226 33,708 1,263 31,993 2,978 61 3,414 7,172 6,877 5,663 4,460 7,324 34,971

2012 d a ta - G e o g r a p h i c a l subdivision

Northern Italy 6,727 7,596 13,789 534 13,289 1,034 35 1,313 2,923 2,972 2,490 1,816 2,774 14,323

Central Italy 4,936 3,374 8,061 249 7,553 757 13 789 1,680 1,689 1,334 1,060 1,745 8,310

Southern Italy and islands 11,082 1,256 11,858 480 11,151 1,187 13 1,312 2,569 2,216 1,839 1,584 2,805 12,338 DRUG ABUSE DEATHS

drug abuse deaths at national level In 20121, the deaths for drug abuse recorded by the In the reporting year, persons deceased for drug-abuse law enforcement services and the Prefetture were were subdivided as follows: men were 343 (87.95%) 390, with an increase (+7.14%) with respect to 2011. and women were 47 (12.05%). The number of women pa rt on e Deaths for drug abuse were first recorded in Italy in who died of drug addiction has always been limited if 1973 (only one case was reported that year). In the compared to that of men. course of the following 40 years, there have been Analysing the age groups, the highest figures can be 23,588 drug deaths. found from 25 years old, and the peak records are The initial upward trend was explained by the reached in the population aged over 40. spreading – above all in the eighties and nineties – of In 2012, the deaths were caused by: heroin (163 heroin abuse. Up to now, this substance has always cases), cocaine (41 cases), methadone (7 cases), been the major cause of deaths. M.D.M.A. (2 cases), barbiturates (1 case); in 176 cases the substance was not indicated. Heroin was the major cause of drug deaths.

1 These are not consolidated data since these figures refer to deaths due to direct drug abuse, and not to the indirect causes, for ex. road accidents Death s - by age group and gender in 2012 c onte nts caused by driving while intoxicated, or drug-related diseases. These figures do not refer also to those deaths that were not reported to the police 137 authorities. It must be stressed that the drug abuse deaths documentation Males Females sent by the police authorities to the DCSA are not always completed by toxicological and post-mortem examinations, that are usually ordered by the Judicial Authority. 79

23 21

10 7 8 3 4 4 0 0

< 15 15 ÷ 19 20 ÷ 24 25 ÷ 29 30 ÷ 34 35 ÷ 39 ≥ 40 Deaths - five-year trend by age group and gender

Total Age 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 group Females Males Total F M F M F M F M F M

< 15 - 1 ------0 1 1

15 ÷ 19 5 8 2 6 - 6 3 9 3 10 13 39 52

20 ÷ 24 8 35 7 34 5 28 3 25 4 23 27 145 172

25 ÷ 29 8 61 3 52 8 49 3 39 7 38 29 239 268

30 ÷ 34 8 94 5 84 5 54 12 53 8 56 38 341 379

35 ÷ 39 8 109 9 86 9 76 5 58 4 79 35 408 443

≥ 40 18 154 18 178 15 119 22 132 21 137 94 720 814

55 462 44 440 42 332 48 316 47 343 Total 236 1,893 2,129 517 484 374 364 390 drug abuse deaths at regional level In 2012, Campania (69 cases) was the most affected (398) and Lombardia (389), while Valle d’Aosta(9), region, followed by Lazio (51), Toscana (43) and Molise (28) and Basilicata (30) have been marginally ar ne on rt pa Emilia Romagna (37), while in Molise and Basilicata interested by this problem. (1) the lowest level of drug abuse deaths was recorded. In the following table, the drug abuse deaths are In Valle d’Aosta there were no cases of drug abuse subdivided at regional level considering the last ten deaths. years, while the following graph describes - always at In the last ten years, Lazio has been the most affected regional level - the death toll in 2012. region (886), followed by Campania (868), Piemonte Ten-year trend of deaths by region

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Totale

L a z i o 95 112 130 106 105 87 87 72 41 51 886 C a m p a n i a 103 127 116 87 112 71 71 51 61 69 868 P i e m o n t e 45 81 57 34 19 29 50 21 39 23 398 L o m b a r d i a 43 54 42 41 55 38 39 33 20 24 389 nts onte c Emilia Romagna 37 40 35 51 47 40 28 20 33 37 368 Ve n e t o 35 29 53 34 49 35 30 15 27 25 332 To s c a n a 21 41 24 33 40 34 30 22 28 43 316 U m b r i a 20 15 25 26 38 26 17 28 27 25 247 S i c i l i a 20 24 26 17 21 31 22 25 12 16 214 S a r d e g n a 16 33 28 15 19 17 21 15 13 20 197 M a r c h e 12 14 23 21 25 19 17 23 13 26 193 L i g u r i a 14 20 18 23 15 17 17 8 9 7 148 P u g l i a 17 15 15 18 19 20 17 8 5 3 137 C a l a b r i a 14 11 23 8 11 7 13 7 5 2 101 Friuli Venezia Giulia 12 9 12 12 8 13 5 9 12 7 99 A b r u z z o 5 11 11 10 10 20 8 8 6 6 95 Trentino Alto Adige 3 7 7 4 9 2 2 2 5 3 44 B a s i l i c a t a 2 2 4 7 1 6 3 1 3 1 30 M o l i s e 2 5 3 2 1 3 5 4 2 1 28 Valle d’ Aosta 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 9 Total in Italy 517 651 653 549 605 516 483 374 362 389 5.099 Italians deceased abroad 0 2 0 2 1 1 1 0 2 1 10 Grand Total 517 653 653 551 606 517 484 374 364 390 5.109

Regional distribution of deaths in 2012

100

75 69

51 50 43 37 24 26 25 25 23 20 25 16 6 7 7 1 2 1 3 3 0 0

Lazio Puglia Sicilia Liguria Marche Molise Toscana Umbria Veneto Abruzzo Calabria Piemonte Sardegna Basilicata Campania Lombardia Valle d’ Aosta Emilia Romagna Friuli Venezia Giulia Trentino Alto Adige drug abuse deaths at provincial level In 2012, the provinces of Naples (42), Rome (35 at national level. In 31 provinces no deaths for drug cases), Perugia (19) and Torino (15) recorded the abuse were recorded. highest number of drug abuse deaths, accounting for 28.46% of the total of drug death toll recorded pa rt on e

Bergamo 4 Mantova 2 Brescia 1 Milano 11 Bolzano 0 Belluno 1 Venezia 7 Como 0 Monza-Brianza 0 Trento 3 Padova 2 Verona 5 Cremona 3 Pavia 0 Rovigo 3 Vicenza 4 Lecco 1 Sondrio 0 Lodi 0 Varese 2 Treviso 3 Aosta 0 Gorizia 2 Pordenone 0 Trieste 1 F Udine 4 lle d'Aost riu Va a Trentino A.A. li V.G

Lombardia Veneto Bologna 11 Piacenza 0 Piemonte Ferrara 1 Ravenna 1 Forlì 0 Reggio Emilia 8 Em ilia Ro Modena 8 Rimini 4 Liguria magn Parma 4 c onte nts a

Genova 3 Imperia 0 Ancona 13 Macerata 7 Toscana Ascoli Piceno 2 0Pesaro 3 La Spezia 4 Marche Fermo 1 Alessandria 2 Savona 0 Asti 0 Biella 0 Umbria Cuneo 3 Arezzo 9 L’Aquila 2 Pescara 2 Novara 0 Chieti 0 Teramo 2 Torino 15 Firenze 14 Verbania 1 Grosseto 8 Vercelli 2 Livorno 5 Abruzzo Campobasso 1 Lucca 0 Perugia 19 Lazio Isernia 0 Massa 1 Terni 6 Pisa 0 Bari 0 Foggia 2 Pistoia 2 Barletta A. Trani 0 Lecce 0 Prato 2 Molise Puglia Brindisi 0 Taranto 1 Siena 2 Frosinone 4 Roma 35 Latina 6 Viterbo 5 Rieti 1 Campania Basilicata

Avellino 7 Benevento 2 Caserta 10 Matera 0 Sardegna Napoli 42 Potenza 1 Salerno 8 Calabria

Cagliari 13 Nuoro 0 Oristano 1 Sassari 6 Catanzaro 0 Cosenza 1 Crotone 0 Reggio Calabria 0 Vibo Valentia 0

Sicilia

Agrigento 0 Palermo 4 Caltanissetta 0 Ragusa 2 Catania 2 Siracusa 1 Enna 0 Trapani 2 Messina 5 LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES AT

REGIONAL AND PROVINCIAL LEVEL

OVERVIEW

DRUG OPERATION AT REGIONAL LEVEL nts onte c

DRUG SEIZURE AT REGIONAL LEVEL

PERSONS REPORTED TO THE JUDICIAL AUTHORITY AT REGIONAL LEVEL

tino A en . r A . d’A T li le o iu V.G l s r . a t F a V m bard o i a L Veneto iemont P e

lia Roma ig uri mi gn L a E a

scan To a rc Ma he b Um ria

bruzz Lazio A o

olise M Puglia p am ani C a asilicat B a ardegn S a

labri Ca a

Sicilia

Overview Drug trafficking in Italy has been so far analyzed population density, that guarantees drug traffickers taking into consideration the overall amount of the higher or lower market potentiality; presence of areo e on rte pa counteracting activities carried out in this field by the strong criminal groups; presence of land, maritime or law enforcement agencies. The review of the regional air borders having strategic importance for criminal and provincial data will follow the same approach. organizations; universities, etc. However, in comparing regions or provinces, the According to the data in the following tables, data shown could be heterogeneous, which does concerning the antidrug operations and the persons not always mean that the problem has a different reported to the judicial authority, Lombardia, Lazio impact in a particular area. The quantity of drug and Campania registered the highest amounts, while operations, of the persons reported to the judicial the largest amounts of drug seizures were registered authority and of the drug seizures, in fact, is often in Puglia, Lombardia, Liguria and Lazio influenced by different factors, such as: resident nents onte c

2.4 kg of cocaine (C arese arab V inie ri) drug operations at regional level In 2012 Lombardia, with a total of 3,545 operations, A slight increase in the operations was registered in ranked first followed by Lazio (2,956) and Campania Basilicata, (7.69%), Abruzzo (3.40%), and Campania (2,341). In these three regions 38.86% of the (3.31%) with respect to 2011. operations were carried out, reflecting the same trend The most significant percentage decreases were pa rt on e of the previous year. registered in Friuli Venezia Giulia (-19.72%), Marche The lowest amounts of seizures were registered in (-17.37) and Calabria (-10.99). Basilicata (154), Molise (113) and Valle d’Aosta (45).

417 3,545 -1.65 % 1,318 45 -7.83 % 1,521 -0.15 % -2.17 % 2.84 % 228 -19.72 % tino A, en A r , T li V, Giul le Aos iu i al ta r a V F mbardi Lo a Veneto mont c onte nts Pie e

Roma 1,859 Liguria ilia gna m -2.97 % E

113 871 scan To a Marche 2.73 % -0.46 % 1,338 -4.22 % Umbria 517 3.40 % 68 bruzzo A 4.62 % 413 Lazio 1,596 -1.90 % gl -1.18 % Molise Pu ia 2,956 2.75 % mpani Ca a silica Ba ta 720 rdegn 2,341 -2.96 % Sa a 3.31 % 154 7.69 % Calabria b y m a c r o - a r e a s 591 -10.99 % 4% .3 cili 31 Si a

1,615 -1.10 %

8 4

. 9 9

1 8

% Legend Operations Percentage variation compared to 2011 drug seizures at regional level ar ne on rt pa In 2012 major seizures, amounting respectively to In comparison with 2011 the most significant increase 12,843 and 9,759 kg, were reported in Puglia and in the seizures was registered in Sicilia (+246.35%), Lombardia. Liguria (6,071 kg) and Lazio (5,491kg) Puglia (+177.66%), Valle d’Aosta (+177.29%), ranked third and fourth. In the four above mentioned Campania (+112.77) and Calabria (+105.58%). The regions over 68% of seizures at national level were most significant decreases were registered in Toscana carried out. (-76.97), Umbria (- 59.50%) and Sardegna (-56.95%). The lowest quantities were seized in Friuli Venezia Giulia (44.63 kg), Valle d’Aosta (17.45 kg) and Molise (12.01 kg).

Drug seizures in 2012 - regional distribution nents onte c

Total % Total % variation variation kg 2011 No. 2011 Cocaine kg Heroin kg Hashish kg Marijuana kg Synthetic drugs kg Other drugs kg Synthetic drugs No. Cannabis plants No. Other drugs No.

Puglia 36.63 124.08 442.98 12,220.46 0.83 18.12 12,843.10 177.66 235 4,002,644 4,736 4,007,615 27,096.08

Lombardia 1,122.13 324.79 7,139.31 1,063.36 7.59 102.41 9,759.57 27.81 765 3,131 5,109 9,005 -39.69

Liguria 285.56 19.31 5,695.31 70.68 0.40 0.01 6,071.27 44.28 162 1,768 140 2,070 43.55

Lazio 644.27 21.70 2,174.32 2,543.02 22.14 86.20 5,491.66 -30.97 2,867 5,269 1,942 10,078 61.74

Campania 386.25 57.57 2,167.39 470.28 0.28 23.00 3,104.77 112.77 15,118 14,348 42 29,508 152.12

Sicilia 37.65 1.34 821.85 2,133.30 1.30 0.40 2,995.84 246.35 15 24,887 163 25,065 -97.30

Calabria 2,130.61 3.46 221.27 377.34 0.53 0.00 2,733.21 105.58 0 51,921 54 51,975 31.30

Piemonte 138.51 25.13 1,253.86 72.52 0.87 78.69 1,569.58 -36.85 238 5,182 606 6,026 237.02

Veneto 82.71 119.59 300.60 708.86 1.16 44.67 1,257.58 -20.10 449 1,571 813 2,833 -45.47

Emilia Romagna 101.94 116.77 607.68 364.80 3.85 1.35 1,196.38 21.07 1,579 1,453 234 3,266 -1.69

Marche 13.74 12.85 74.36 825.34 20.66 0.19 947.14 9.94 35 232 84 351 -58.21

Toscana 252.79 53.37 221.42 197.81 0.38 29.37 755.13 -76.97 313 1,982 6,437 8,732 229.63

Sardegna 14.30 2.17 293.27 164.89 0.33 2.74 477.70 -56.95 560 6,071 5,510 12,141 243.16

Trentino Alto Adige 30.55 30.21 97.50 52.02 5.19 34.80 250.27 42.78 45 465 321 831 -65.94

Abruzzo 18.50 30.52 73.66 115.63 0.13 1.20 239.64 96.27 226 752 91 1,069 -59.37

Umbria 8.45 6.55 183.43 25.02 0.02 0.21 223.67 -59.50 104 283 65 452 77.95

Basilicata 6.26 0.69 97.55 60.78 0.00 0.00 165.28 -8.46 0 191 16 207 -64.92

Friuli Ven, Giulia 9.25 0.53 10.13 20.90 0.53 3.29 44.63 17.19 16 447 856 1,319 -16.83

Valle d’Aosta 3.42 0.04 9.58 4.41 0.00 0.00 17.45 177.29 - 1 0 1 -99.34

Molise 0.33 0.26 7.14 4.25 0.02 0.00 12.01 28.13 - 19 37 56 -60.56

Total 5,323.83 950.93 21,892.60 21,495.67 66.20 426.64 50,155.86 27.10 22,727 4,122,617 27,256 4,172,600 300.74 persons reported to the judicial authorities at regional level In 2012, the highest number of persons reported The regions in which the highest number of minors for violations of the antidrug law was registered in was reported to the judicial authority were Lombardia, Lombardia (5,104). Lazio ranked second (4,584) and Lazio, Piemonte, Campania and Sicilia. Campania third (3,441). In the above mentioned three More Females were reported in Lazio, Campania,

pa rt on e regions 37.54% of the reports for drug violations and Lombardia. were registered. The highest amount of reports for conspiracy to drug The lowest amounts were registered in Valle d’Aosta, trafficking was registered in Sicilia, Puglia, Lazio, Molise and Basilicata. Campania and Lombardia. The regions in which the highest number of foreigners was reported to the judicial authority were Lombardia, Emilia Romagna and Lazio.

Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 - regional distribution

Type of offence Country Gender Age

% variation Region Total 2011 c onte nts Italy males of age minors females (Art.74) (Art. 73) foreigners Conspiracy to trafficking Other offences Illici trafficking

Lombardia 4,764 334 6 2,378 2,726 4,764 340 4,951 153 5,104 -7.79

Lazio 4,193 391 0 3,142 1,442 4,152 432 4,449 135 4,584 8.24

Campania 3,094 347 0 3,126 315 3,049 392 3,314 127 3,441 -4.66

Sicilia 2,296 591 0 2,624 263 2,687 200 2,761 126 2,887 -5.75

Emilia Romagna 2,547 110 0 1,189 1,468 2,474 183 2,579 78 2,657 -16.68

Puglia 2,137 460 0 2,395 202 2,354 243 2,495 102 2,597 2.81

Toscana 1,862 265 0 979 1,148 1,942 185 2,056 71 2,127 -2.43

Veneto 1,961 73 0 942 1,092 1,874 160 1,957 77 2,034 -7.33

Piemonte 1,925 22 0 965 982 1,810 137 1,817 130 1,947 -1.12

Liguria 1,338 137 0 641 834 1,344 131 1,433 42 1,475 0.55

Sardegna 926 90 0 916 100 929 87 955 61 1,016 -14.48

Abruzzo 854 140 0 701 293 846 148 972 22 994 -7.88

Calabria 706 220 0 866 60 853 73 901 25 926 -22.70

Marche 857 63 0 578 342 834 86 885 35 920 -26.69

Umbria 609 70 0 237 442 625 54 671 8 679 -14.05

Trentino Alto Adige 636 15 0 317 334 616 35 617 34 651 -3.98

Friuli Venezia Giulia 365 36 0 247 154 358 43 388 13 401 -18.33

Basilicata 299 8 0 290 17 288 19 294 13 307 24.80

Molise 170 0 0 164 6 145 25 166 4 170 -31.17

Valle d’Aosta 54 0 0 48 6 49 5 47 7 54 -14.29

Total 31,593 3,372 6 22,745 12,226 31,993 2,978 33,708 1,263 34,971 -6.00 Piemonte ar ne on rt pa Regional incidence rates compared with national data

% 5.79

D s r u on g operati nents onte c

% % 3.13 5.57

P .

e A r s . o J e D g ns h ru k re o t g seizures p orted t Legend Other regions region piemonte drug operations In 2012 1,318 drug operations were carried out, with In the reporting year, as compared with 2011, the a decrease of 0.15% in comparison with the previous seizures of synthetic drugs, cannabis plants, cocaine year. and heroin increased while the seizures of all the The last ten years have held the two highest (1,320 in other substances decreased.

2011 and 1,255in 2009) and the two lowest records Drug seizures 2012 (924 in 2003 and 938 in 2005). % variation 2012 2011 Ten-year trend of the operations Cocaine kg 138.51 111.17

2,000 Heroin kg 25.13 14.69 1,500 1,255 1,229 1,320 1,318 1,105 1,118 1,080 924 938 966 Hashish kg 1,253.86 -43.98 1,000 kg 500 Marijuana 72.52 -38.26 0 Cannabis plants plants 5,182 390.72 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 kg 0.87 716.82 Synthetic drugs drug seizures No. 238 -39.29 In 2012 the regional drug seizures represented 2.60% kg 78.69 86.04 (cocaine), 2.64% (heroin), 5.72% (hashish), 0.34% Other drugs No. 606 78.24 (marijuana) and 1.32% (synthetic drugs) of the kg 1,569.58 -36.85 overall amount seized at national level. No. The largest quantity was seized in Turin in January Total 844 15.30 and amounted to 267 kg of hashish. Plants 5,182 390.72 Ten-year trend The following graphs show the last ten-year trend Cannabis plants number of the seizures by type of drug. The largest seizures

occurred in the following years: 2004 (heroin, 157 20,000 17,097 kg); 2003 cocaine (171 kg), 2003 hashish (4,611kg); 16,000 12,000

2011 marijuana (117 kg); 2005 synthetic drugs 8,000 5,182 2,519 2,387 1,363 1,215 pa rt on e 1,056 808 714 (101,630 tablets). 4,000 495 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Cocaine kg Synthetic drugs number

200 171.83 150,000 138.51 101,630

150 116.67 111.46 111.46 78,547 104.80 103.84 100,000 78.73 72.36 100 47,901 65.59 60.57 33,654 50,000 30,911

50 6,777 3,291 3,061 392 238 0 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

persons reported to the judicial authority c onte nts Heroin kg In 2012 1,947 persons were reported to the Judicial Authority for drug-related offences, with a decrease 200 157.78

134.85 of 1.12% in comparison with the year before and 150

80.44 equal to 5.57% of the total domestic amount. 98.87%

100 68.57 30.77 26.86 25.13

24.32 of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking and 50 21.91 12.71 0 1.13% conspiracy to drug trafficking. 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 Hashish kg % variation 2012 2011

6,000 Type of offence 4,611.93 4,611.93

4,000 3,136.73 Illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 1,925 1.10 2,630.25 2,238.24

1,536.44 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 22 -66.15 1,253.86 1,230.82

2,000 1,098.19 890.55 785.56 Other offences - - - 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Country Italy 965 -0.82 other countries 982 -1.41 Marijuana kg Gender males 1,810 -0.82 150 117.47 117.47

111.95 111.95 females 137 -4.86 84.21

100 75.33 73.95 72.52

69.10 Age 56.10 50 42.12 of age 1,817 -3.56 16.89 minors 130 52.94 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 1,947 -1.12

piemonte In the last ten years the highest number of reports In the last ten years the highest record was in 2007

was in 2009 (2,042), followed by 2010 (1,985) while as to females (160) and in 2009 as to minors (144). e on rt pa the lowest number was in 2003 (1,235), followed by 2005 (1,238). Females - ten-year trend

250 200 160 136 135 132 144 137 150 121 131 131 2,500 97 2,042 1,985 1,969 1,947 100 1,752

2,000 1,581 1,493 1,415 50 1,238 1,500 1,235 0 1,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 500 0 Minors - ten-year trend 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 foreign nationals reported to the judicial 200 144 authority 150 130 nts onte c 109 105 100 87 100 77 85 In Piemonte, in 2012 the foreign nationals involved 53 60 in drug trafficking amounted to 982, equal to 8.03% 50 0 of the foreigners reported at national level. However, 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 it is remarkable that foreigners amounted to 50.43% deaths of the persons reported. Drug abuse deaths amounted to 23, equal to 5.90% of The foreign nationals involved were mainly from the total amount at national level. Morocco, Senegal, Nigeria and Gabon. In the last ten years the highest record was in 2004 The reports for illicit drug trafficking amounted to (81cases) and the lowest record in 2007 (19 cases). 99.80%. The highest number of drug abuse deaths was recorded In the last ten years the highest record was in 2010 in the province of Turin (15) while no deaths were with 1,047 persons reported. reported in the provinces of Asti, Biella e Novara. Foreigners - ten-year trend

1,250 1,033 1,047 996 982 Deaths - ten-year trend 1,000 750 595 525 520 505 438 100 500 360 81 75 250 57 0 45 50 50 39 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 34 29 19 21 23 25

0 Females and minors reported to the 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 judicial authority In 2012, 137 females and 130 minors were reported, Provincial distribution (2012) equal to 4.60% and 10.29% of the females and minors reported at national level. 20 15 15 Females and minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 10 3 5 2 1 2 Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other % variation 0 0 0 Total 0 (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences 2011

Asti Biella Cuneo Novara Torino Vercelli Females 136 1 0 137 -4.86 Verbania Alessandria Minors 130 - - 130 52.94

piemonte The provinces Provincial incidence rates compared with national data pa rt on e VB 3.49% 2.26% 6.99%

BI 4.63% 0.84% NO 4.47% 5.92% 2.02% VC 5.50% 5.39% 0.69% TO 5.39% 60.02% 82.09% 56.24% c onte nts AT 2.20% 0.63% AL 4.26% 7.51% 9.52% 7.65%

CN 10.85% 1.95% 9.50%

Legend drug operations Drug operations Drug seizures kg In 2012, the highest number of drug operations was Persons reported to the J. A. registered in the province of Turin (791), followed by Cuneo (143). The lowest number was registered in Asti (29) and Verbania (46). In comparison with 2011, there was a significant the other provinces, followed by Alessandria with increase in the number of operations carried out in the 149 kg. provinces of Novara (62.50%) and Cuneo (25.44%). Asti (9,92 kg) and Vercelli (10,77kg) held the lowest The most remarkable decreases were registered in the records. provinces of Verbania (20.69%) and Asti (14.71%). In comparison with 2011 significant increases in terms of percentage were registered in the provinces drug seizures of Asti (934.97%) and Alessandria (733.02%). Also in the field of drug seizures in 2012 the province Decreases were registered in the provinces of Novara of Turin (with a total of 1,288 kg) stood out among (91.23%) and Turin (37.90%).

piemonte persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012, the same as for drug operations and seizures Remarkable decreases were registered in the provinces ar ne on rt pa the province of Turin held the record (1,095 persons of Alessandria (38.68%) and Biella (23.68%). reported), followed by Cuneo (185) and Alessandria The crime of conspiracy to drug trafficking was (149). registered only in the province of Turin (22). The lowest number of persons reported was registered in the provinces of Asti (83) and Biella (87). In comparison with 2011 the number of reports increased in the provinces of Verbania (51.11%), Novara (46.58%) and Asti (33.87%).

General table TO AL AT BI CN NO VB VC

Drug operations nts onte c

Operations No. 791 99 29 61 143 78 46 71

Drug seizures Cocaine kg 72.90 20.67 7.07 0.24 3.32 20.29 13.69 0.33

Heroin kg 13.82 0.07 - 0.16 0.05 0.06 10.92 0.04

Hashish kg 1,090.28 110.44 0.14 10.64 24.70 4.12 4.11 9.44

Marijuana kg 32.05 18.31 2.68 2.11 2.50 7.22 6.72 0.93

Cannabis plants Plants 4,383 89 15 195 341 38 76 45

kg 0.79 - 0.03 - 0.04 0.01 - - Synthetic drugs No. 49 - 59 14 67 - 17 32

kg 78.63 - - - 0.04 - - 0.02 Other drugs No. 37 - - 12 9 - 3 545

kg 1,288.47 149.49 9.92 13.15 30.65 31.70 35.44 10.77

Total No. 86 0 59 26 76 0 20 577

Plants 4,383 89 15 195 341 38 76 45

persons reported to the judicial authority

Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art.73) 1,073 149 83 87 185 107 136 105 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 22 ------Other offences ------Country Italy 391 75 41 73 129 78 92 86 other countries 704 74 42 14 56 29 44 19 Age of age 1,004 144 79 83 175 99 132 101 minors 91 5 4 4 10 8 4 4 Gender males 1,033 139 76 72 172 100 122 96 females 62 10 7 15 13 7 14 9 Total 1,095 149 83 87 185 107 136 105

piemonte Valle d’aosta Regional incidence rates compared with national data pa rt on e % 0.20

D s r u on g operati

% % 0.03 0.15

P .

e A r . c onte nts s o J D n e r k g s r th u g es ep o to seizur rted Legend Other regions region valle d’aosta drug operations In 2012, 45 drug operations were carried out with As compared with 2011, the seizures of hashish and a slight decrease (2.17%) in comparison with the marijuana increased while the seizures of all the other previous year. substances decreased The last ten years have held the two highest ( 52 drug operations in 2009 and 48 drug operations in 2006) Drug seizures 2012 and the two lowest records (19 drug operations in % variation 2012 2003 and 21 drug operations in 2004 and 2005). 2011 Ten-year trend of the operations Cocaine kg 3.42 -19.43 75 kg 52 Heroin 0.04 -39.68 48 46 46 45 50 41 kg 31 Hashish 9.58 683.72 21 21 25 19 Marijuana kg 4.41 479.63

0 Cannabis plants plants 1 -99.32 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 kg - - - Synthetic drugs drug seizures No. - - - In 2012 the regional drug seizures represented 0.06% kg - - - (cocaine), 0.04% ( hashish), 0.02%% (marijuana) Other drugs No. - -100.00 and of the overall amount seized at national level. No kg 17.45 177.29 synthetic drugs seizures were reported. Total No. 1 -99.32 The largest quantity was seized in Aosta in November and amounted to 9 kg of hashish. Plants 0 -100.00 Ten-year trend

The following graphs show the last ten-year trend of Cannabis plants number e on rt pa the seizures by type of drug. The peaks were reached in the following years: 2003 (heroin, 0.11kg); 2007 200 147 cocaine (24.96 kg), 2004 hashish (22.81kg); 2004 150 100 marijuana ( 32.51 kg); 2006 synthetic drugs (147 42 43 48 26 50 21 13 tablets). 3 3 1 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Cocaine kg 40 Synthetic drugs number

30 24.96 19.90 200 20 143 11.93 150 86

6.30 nts onte c 10 4.25 100 2.18 3.42 0.11 1.07 1.81 0 50 0 2 0 9 0 0 0 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Heroin kg persons reported to the judicial authority 54 persons were reported to the Judicial Authority for drug-related offences, with a decrease of 14.29% in comparison with the previous year and equal to 0.114 0.085 0.063 0.15% of the total domestic amount. 100% of the 0.035 0.048 0.048 0.039 0.038 0.005 0.001 reports concerned illicit drug trafficking while there was no report for conspiracy to drug trafficking. 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 Hashish kg % variation 2012 30 2011 22.81 Type of offence 20 Illicit trafficking(Art. 73) 54 -14.29 9.58 10 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) - - - 2.72 2.25 2.00 1.50 0.23 0.83 0.49 1.22 Other offences - - - 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Country Italy 48 -5.88 other countries 6 -50.00 Marijuana kg Gender 40 32.52 males 49 -15.52 30 females 5 0.00

20 14.33 Age

10 4.41 of age 47 -25.40 1.18 0.47 0.24 0.36 0.11 1.93 0.76 0 minors 7 - - 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 54 -14.29

valle d’aosta In the last ten years the highest number of reports In the last ten years the highest record was in 2007 as was in 2009 (107), followed by 2006 (94) while the to females (15) and in 2012 as to minors (7) lowest number was in 2005 (37) and 2008 (42). Females - ten-year trend

15 Persons - ten-year trend 14 15 pa rt on e 10 8 7 150 6 5 5 107 5 3 94 87 2 100 0 63 52 54 0 43 37 42 44 50 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0 Minors - ten-year trend 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 15

10 7 foreign nationals reported to the judicial 5 5 3 3 authority 2 2 0 0 0 0 Six foreign nationals were involved in drug 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 trafficking, equal to 0.5%% of the foreigners reported

c onte nts at national level. In the last ten years the highest record was in 2009 deaths with 47 persons reported. No drug abuse deaths were reported. The peak was reached in 2010 with 2 cases.

Foreigners - ten-year trend Deaths - ten-year trend

60 3 47 2 40 2

17 16 20 14 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 6 6 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Females and minors reported to the judicial authority In 2012, 5 females and 7 minors were reported, equal to 0.17% and 0.55% of the females and minors reported at national level.

Females and minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012

Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other % variation Total (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences 2011

Femals 5 - - 5 0.00

Minors 7 - - 7 --

valle d’aosta Lombardia ar ne on rt pa Regional incidence rates compared with national data

% 15.58

D s r u on g operati nents onte c % % 19.46 14.59

P .

e A r s . o J e D g ns h ru k re o t g seizures p orted t Legend Other regions region lombardia drug operations In 2012, 3,545 drug operations were carried out with The largest quantity was seized in Abbiategrasso a decrease (7.83%) in comparison with the previous (Milano) in September, amounting to 1,400 kg of year. hashish. The last ten years have held the two highest ( 4,253 As compared with 2011, the seizures of heroin, drug operations in 2008 and 4,157 drug operations hashish, cannabis plants and cocaine increased while in 2007) and the two lowest records (3,095 drug marijuana and synthetic drugs seizures decreased. operations in 2004 and 3,223 in 2003). Drug seizures 2012 Ten-year trend of the operations % variation 2012 2011 6,000 Cocaine kg 1,122.13 31.65 4,253 4,157 3,933 3,846 3,647 3,617 3,545 3,327 3,223 4,000 3,095 Heroin kg 324.79 72.71

kg 2,000 Hashish 7,139.31 53.85 Marijuana kg 1,063.36 -44.22 0 Cannabis plants plants 3,131 51.48 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 kg 7.59 -54.83 Synthetic drugs drug seizures No. 765 -92.99 kg 102.41 220.52 In 2012 the regional drug seizures represented 21.8% Other drugs No. 5,109 161.46 (cocaine), 34.16 % ( heroin), 32.61% (hashish), kg 9,759.57 27.81 4.95% marijuana and 11.46% (synthetic drugs by Total No. 5,874 -54.34 weight) of the overall amount seized at national level. Plants 3,131 51.48 Ten-year trend The following graphs show the last ten-year trend of Cannabis plants number

the seizures by type of drug. The peaks were reached 8,000 6,777 in the following years: 2007 (heroin, 873 kg); 2008 6,000 (cocaine, 1,613 kg), 2003 hashish (11,979 kg); 2011

4,000 3,131 2,818 2,574 2,531

(marijuana, 1,906 kg); 2007 (synthetic drugs with 2,067 1,664 993

2,000 929 791 pa rt on e 258,782 tablets). 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Cocaine kg Synthetic drugs number

2,000 1,613.53 300,000 1,472.83 258,782 1,385.42

1,500 1,255.36 1,122.12 250,000 962.75 923.30 852.34 756.88 1,000 711.55 200,000 150,000 500 100,000 42,162

0 29,753 19,871 17,523 14,050 50,000 10,911 2,192 1,671 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 765 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

c onte nts Heroin kg persons reported to the judicial authority The persons reported to the Judicial Authority for drug-related offences amounted to 5,104, with a 873.43 1,000 859.75

750 688.96 decrease of 7.79% in comparison with the previous 488.40 411.96 411.96

500 368.38 324.79 year and equal to 14.59% of the total domestic 311.01 311.01 271.75 250 188.05 amount. 0 93.34% of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 while 6.54% conspiracy to drug trafficking.

Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 Hashish kg % variation 2012 2011 15,000

11,978.54 11,978.54 Type of offence 10,257.01 10,000 Illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 4,764 -6.97 7,139.31 6,527.42 5,369.37

4,640.47 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 334 -13.92 4,197.58 3,997.81 3,796.34

5,000 3,268.42 Other offences 6 -76.92 0 Country 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Italy 2,378 -9.34 other countries 2,726 -6.39 Marijuana kg Gender

2,500 males 4,764 -7.55 1,906.44 2,000 females 340 -10.99 1,422.22 1,500 1,063.36

927.95 Age 1,000 476.26 of age 4,951 -8.18 278.16 245.79 184.16 163.49 500 150.74 0 minors 153 6.99 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 5,104 -7.79

Lombardia In the last ten years the highest number of reports was In the last ten years the highest record was in 2005 as

in 2008 (6,269), followed by 2007 (5,975) while the to females (488) and in 2008 as to minors (168) e on rt pa lowest number was in 2003 (4,612) and 2004 (4,745). Females - ten-year trend

Persons - ten-year trend 600 488 458 457 413 408

8,000 394 382 373 358 6,269 340

5,975 400 5,757 5,557 5,535 5,112 5,112 5,104 6,000 5,102 4,745 4,612 200 4,000

2,000 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Minors - ten-year trend foreign nationals reported to the judicial 250 authority 200 168 154 154 nents onte c 153 149 143 132 129 127 2,726 foreign nationals were involved in drug 150 117 trafficking, equal to 22.30% (the highest percentage 100 50 at regional level) of the foreigners reported at national 0 level. It is remarkable that the foreigners reported 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 in this region were 53.41% of the overall amount of persons reported while the national average was deaths Drug abuse deaths amounted to 24 (6.15% of the 34.96%. overall amount at national level). The foreign nationals reported were mainly from In the last ten years the highest record was in 2007 Morocco, Albania and Tunisia. (55 cases) while the lowest record was in 2011 (20 94.86% of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking cases). In the last ten years the highest record was in 2008 The highest number of drug abuse deaths was with 3,531 persons reported. recorded in the province of Milano (11); No drug Foreigners - ten-year trend abuse death was reported in the provinces of Como, 5,000 Lodi, Pavia e Sondrio.

4,000 3,531 3,178 3,143 3,016 2,912 2,726 2,626 3,000 2,548 2,320

2,194 Deaths - ten-year trend 2,000 75 1,000 54 55 0 43 50 42 41 38 39 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 33 24 25 20 Females and minors reported to the judicial authority 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 In 2012, 340 females and 153 minors were reported, equal to 11.42% and 12.11% of the females and Provincial distribution (2012) minors reported at national level. 15 11 10

Females and minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 4 5 3 2 2 1 1 Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other % variation 0 0 0 0 Total (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences 2011 0

Lodi Como Lecco Pavia Varese Brescia Milano Sondrio Females 313 23 4 340 -10.99 Bergamo Cremona Mantova Minors 149 4 - 153 6.99

Lombardia The provinces Provincial incidence rates compared with national data

pa rt on e LC 1.81% 0.27% 1.65%

SO 1.55% CO 0.04% 6.74% 2.08% 2.95% 5.09%

VA 11.68% BG 7.52% 8.43% 8.39% 5.86% 8.86% BS 9.45% 8.44% MB MI 10.19% c onte nts 3.30% 48.01% 4.23% 61.73% 3.59% 50.02%

MN PV 1.66% 2.45% 0.04% LO CR 8.48% 1.52% 1.59% 2.72% 3.39% 0.20% 0.25% 1.25% 4.58%

drug operations Legend In 2012, the highest number of drug operations was Drug operations registered in the province of Milan (1,702), followed Drug seizures kg by Varese (414). Persons reported to the J. A. The lowest number was registered in Lodi ( 54) and Sondrio (55). In comparison with 2011, there was a significant increase in the number of operations carried out in of the seizures at regional level) stood out among the the provinces of Lecco (30.61%), Cremona (26.32%) other provinces, followed by Pavia with 827 kg. and Sondrio (22.22%). Sondrio (3.72 kg) and Mantova (3.89 kg) held the The most remarkable decreases were registered in the lowest records. provinces of Lodi (30.77%) and Como (30.12%). In comparison with 2011 significant increases in terms of percentage were registered in the provinces drug seizures of Pavia (1,330.08%) and Lecco (746.38%). Also in the field of drug seizures in 2012 the province Decreases were registered in the provinces of of Milan (with a total of 6,024 kg, equal to 61.72% Mantova (90.66%) and Lodi (89.74%).

Lombardia persons reported to the judicial authority

In 2012, the same as for drug operations and seizures Remarkabledecreases were registered in the provinces e on rt pa the province of Milan held the record (2,553 persons of Lodi (43.86%) and Mantova (35.20%). reported equal to 50.02%), followed by Brescia (520) The highest number of reports for conspiracy to drug and Bergamo (452). trafficking was registered in Milano (233), Brescia The lowest number of persons reported was (61) and Pavia (21). registered in the provinces of Lodi (64), Mantova (81) and Lecco (84). In comparison with 2011 the number of reports increased in the provinces of Monza-Brianza (40.77%) and Cremona (24.47%).

General table nts onte c MI BG BS CO CR LC LO MB MN PV SO VA

Drug operations Operations No. 1,702 299 335 239 120 64 54 117 59 87 55 414 Drug seizures Cocaine kg 686.54 23.35 25.55 13.88 2.01 3.89 2.18 2.59 0.18 4.12 0.36 357.48 Heroin kg 194.93 1.08 24.38 2.50 3.91 0.21 0.04 24.54 0.21 0.04 0.31 72.64 Hashish kg 4,805.32 285.12 736.74 19.14 3.39 8.02 16.01 267.66 2.51 819.08 2.77 173.55 Marijuana kg 333.20 258.84 36.19 251.10 14.77 14.44 0.93 117.97 0.96 4.65 0.22 30.09 Cannabis plants Plants 173 318 262 174 58 169 26 531 58 591 14 757 kg 3.74 - 0.82 0.50 - 0.07 - - 0.03 - - 2.43 Synthetic drugs No. 536 6 103 75 2 14 - - 4 6 - 19 kg 0.60 3.31 0.12 0.51 0.01 - - 0.08 - - 0.05 97.70 Other drugs No. 443 3 2,996 31 38 2 - 1 10 - 9 1,576 kg 6,024.33 571.70 823.81 287.63 24.10 26.63 19.15 412.84 3.89 827.89 3.72 733.88 Total No. 979 9 3,099 106 40 16 0 1 14 6 9 1,595 Plants 173 318 262 174 58 169 26 531 58 591 14 757

persons reported to the judicial authority Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art.73) 2,319 452 456 259 233 84 64 181 81 117 106 412 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 233 - 61 1 - - - 2 - 21 - 16 Other offences 1 - 3 - 1 - - - - 1 - - Country Italy 1,127 165 185 166 107 68 40 112 40 75 80 213 other countries 1,426 287 335 94 127 16 24 71 41 64 26 215 Age of age 2,489 429 505 252 230 77 63 181 81 135 102 407 minors 64 23 15 8 4 7 1 2 - 4 4 21 Gender males 2,423 427 483 240 215 78 57 171 79 128 94 369 females 130 25 37 20 19 6 7 12 2 11 12 59 Total 2,553 452 520 260 234 84 64 183 81 139 106 428

Lombardia Veneto Regional incidence rates compared with national data pa rt on e

% 6.69

D s r u on g operati

% % 5.82 2.51

P .

e A r . c onte nts s o J D n e r k g s r th u g es ep o d to seizur rte Legend Other regions region veneto drug operations In 2012, 1.521 drug operations were carried out with As compared with 2011, the seizures of heroin, a slight increase (2.84%) in comparison with the hashish, cannabis plants decreased while the seizures previous year. of all the other substances increased. The last ten years have held the two highest ( 1,479 in 2012 and 2011) and the two lowest records (1,029 Drug seizures 2012 in 2005 and 1,075 in 2006). % variation 2012 Ten-year trend of the operations 2011

kg 2,000 Cocaine 82.71 97.32 1,521 1,479 1,466 1,457 kg 1,500 1,255 Heroin 119.59 -43.73 1,168 1,096 1,076 1,075 1,029 1,000 Hashish kg 300.60 -60.71

500 Marijuana kg 708.86 34.27 0 plants 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Cannabis plants 1,571 -57.65 kg 1.16 -78.54 Synthetic drugs drug seizures No. 449 76.77 In 2012 the regional drug seizures represented 1.55% kg 44.67 112.71 (cocaine), 12.58 % ( heroin), 1.37% (hashish), 3.30% Other drugs No. 813 -33.96 marijuana and 1.98% (synthetic drugs in tablets and/ kg 1,257.58 -20.10 or doses) of the amounts seized at national level. No. The largest quantity (165 kg) was seized in Martellago Total 1,262 -15.02 (Venezia) in May. Plants 1,571 -57.65 Ten-year trend Cannabis plants number

The following graphs show the last ten-year trend e on rt pa of the seizures by type of drug. The largest seizures 5,000 occurred in the following years: 2004 (heroin, 339 3,710 4,000 3,416 3,045

kg); 2009 (cocaine, 509 kg), 2008 (hashish (968 kg); 3,000 2,503 2,125 1,957 1,580 2012 marijuana ( 708 kg), 2004 (synthetic drugs, 2,000 1,571 1,279 1,032 31,040 tablets). 1,000 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Cocaine kg Synthetic drugs number 800 40,000

600 509.90 31,040

30,000 24,455 400 20,707 19,848 18,565 211.51 211.51 20,000 145.15 136.98 120.93 nents onte c 103.57 102.20

200 93.29 82.71 41.92

10,000 5,021 585 488 449

0 254 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Heroin kg persons reported to the judicial authority The persons reported to the Judicial Authority for 500 drug-related offences amounted to 2,034 with a slight 400 339.29 300

227.48 decrease of 7.33% in comparison with the previous 212.53

200 169.15 130.21

119.59 119.59 year and equal to 5.82% of the total domestic amount. 97.32 86.24 77.72 100 59.91 96.41% of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 while 3.59% conspiracy to drug trafficking.

Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 Hashish kg % variation 2012 1,250 2011 969.00 1,000 Type of offence 765.17 750 Illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 1,961 -10.09 471.65 412.04

500 336.19 300.60 263.16 250.99 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 73 421.43 214.20 250 181.88 Other offences - - - 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Country Italy 942 -2.48 other countries 1,092 -11.15 Marijuana kg Gender 1,000 males 1,957 -8.55 750 708.86 females 77 40.00 527.94 500 Age 296.99 226.18 156.15

250 134.58

93.90 of age 1,874 -7.55 80.77 71.53 59.25 0 minors 160 -4.76 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 2,034 -7.33

veneto In the last ten years the highest numbers of reports In the last ten years the highest record was in 2005 as were in 2009 (2,375) and 2010 (2,305) while the to females (190) and in 2012 as to minors (77). lowest numbers were in 2006 (1,676) and 2005 (1,690). Females - ten-year trend

250

Persons - ten-year trend 190 184 183 176

200 168 162 160 150 150 146 pa rt on e 150 3,000

2,375 100 2,305

2,500 2,195 2,034 2,009 1,947 50 1,865 1,831 1,690 2,000 1,676 0 1,500 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1,000 500 Minors - ten-year trend 0 100

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 77 65

75 62 59 55 52 52 51 47

foreign nationals reported to the judicial 50 37

authority 25

1.092 foreign nationals were involved in drug 0 trafficking, equal to 8.93% of the foreigners reported 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 c onte nts at national level. deaths The foreign nationals reported were mainly from Drug abuse deaths amounted to 25 (6.41% of the Tunisia, Morocco, Nigeria. overall amount). 97.25% of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking In the last ten years the highest record was in 2005 In the last ten years the highest record was in 2009 (53 cases) while the lowest record was in 2010 (15 with 1,340 persons reported. cases).

Foreigners - ten-year trend The highest number of drug abuse deaths was registered in the province of Venice (7) while the 2,000 lowest record in the province of Belluno (1).

1,500 1,340 1,229 1,136 1,113 1,113 1,092 987

865 Deaths - ten-year trend 836 836

1,000 777 75 500 53 49 50 0 35 34 35 29 30 27 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 25 25 15

Females and minors reported to the 0 judicial authority 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

In 2012, 160 females and 77 minors were reported, Provincial distribution (2012) equal to 5.37% and 6.10% of the females and minors 10 reported at national level. 8 7 6 5 4 4 3 3 Females and minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 2 2 1 Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other % variation Total (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences 2011 0 Females 152 8 - 160 -4.76 Belluno Padova Rovigo Treviso Verona Minors 77 - - 77 40.00 Venezia Vicenza

veneto The provinces ar ne on rt pa Provincial incidence rates compared with national data

BL 1.51% 0.12% 1.52% nents onte c

TV 9.47% 2.54% VI 9.88% 9.53% 5.13% 13.32%

VE VR 18.21% 14.33% 60.27% 12.63% 18.73% 15.93% PD 43.33% 18.12% 36.82%

RO 3.62% 1.18% 3.79%

egend drug operations L Drug operations In 2012, the highest number of drug operations was Drug seizures kg registered in the province of Padova (659), followed Persons reported to the J. A. by Venezia (277). The lowest number was registered in Belluno ( 23) and Rovigo (55). In comparison with 2011, there was a significant drug seizures increase in the number of operations carried out in the In 2012 the province of Venezia (with a total of provinces of Vicenza (22.88%), Rovigo (19.57%), 757.91kg) stood out among the other provinces, Padova (11.51%) and Belluno (4.55%). followed by Padova with 227.93 kg. Decreases were registered in the provinces of Venezia Belluno (1.49 kg) and Rovigo (14.88 kg) held the (16.31%), Treviso (4.64%) and Verona (0.91%). lowest records.

veneto In comparison with 2011 significant increases in In comparison with 2011 the number of reports terms of percentage were registered in the provinces sharply decreased in the provinces of Rovigo of Belluno (1,349.51%) and Venezia (119.10%). (30.63%), Venezia (23.65%), Verona (15.40%) and Decreases were registered in the remaining provinces. Treviso (10.67%). Increases were registered in the provinces of Belluno persons reported to the judicial authority (34.78%), Vicenza (26.05%) and Padova (1.35%). In 2012, the same as for drug operations the province The highest number of reports for conspiracy to pa rt on e of Padova held the record (749 persons), followed by drug trafficking was registered in Vicenza (49) and Venezia (381) and Verona (324). Venezia (17). The lowest numbers of persons reported were registered in the provinces of Belluno (31) and Rovigo (77).

General table VE BL PD RO TV VI VR

Drug operations Operations No. 277 23 659 55 144 145 218 Drug seizures c onte nts Cocaine kg 5.68 0.10 49.03 0.40 2.69 2.80 22.02 Heroin kg 82.83 0.02 28.54 0.89 0.25 2.24 4.82 Hashish kg 101.57 0.62 107.26 1.01 9.01 3.20 77.92 Marijuana kg 567.81 0.69 41.99 12.58 19.36 56.27 10.16 Cannabis plants Plants 211 78 185 163 211 394 329 kg 0.02 - 0.47 0.01 0.64 0.03 - Synthetic drugs No. 279 2 1 0 4 0 163 kg - 0.07 0.64 - - 0.02 43.95 Other drugs No. 4 260 59 - 1 458 31 kg 757.91 1.49 227.93 14.88 31.94 64.57 158.87 Total No. 283 262 60 0 5 458 194 Plants 211 78 185 163 211 394 329

persons reported to the judicial authority

Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art.73) 364 31 742 77 201 222 324 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 17 - 7 - - 49 - Other offences ------Country Italy 198 26 240 56 117 140 165 other countries 183 5 509 21 84 131 159 Age of age 360 31 727 75 191 267 306 minors 21 - 22 2 10 4 18 Gender males 343 28 692 75 184 251 301 females 38 3 57 2 17 20 23 Total 381 31 749 77 201 271 324

veneto rentino alto adige T e on rt pa

Regional incidence rates compared with national data

% 1.83

D s r u on g operati nents onte c

% % 0.50 1.86

P .

e A r s . o J e D g ns h ru k re o t g seizures p orted t Legend Other regions region trentino alto adige drug operations In 2012, 417 drug operations were carried out with As compared with 2011, the seizures of heroin, a slight increase (1.65%) in comparison with the marijuana and synthetic drugs (by weight) increased previous year. while the seizures of all the other substances The last ten years have held the two highest (453 in decreased. 2008 and 451 in 2009) and the two lowest records (248 in 2003 and 300 in 2005). Drug seizures 2012 % variation Ten-year trend of the operations 2012 2011 600 kg 427 453 451 431 424 Cocaine 30.55 -34.54 393 417 400 301 300 Heroin kg 30.21 1,276.17 248 200 Hashish kg 97.50 -5.13 Marijuana kg 52.02 127.74 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Cannabis plants plants 465 -43.43

kg 5.19 647.69 DRUG SEIZURES Synthetic drugs In 2012 the regional drug seizures represented 0.57% No. 45 -56.73 kg 34.80 31,535.45 (cocaine), 3.18% (heroin), 0.45 % ( hashish), 0.24% Other drugs (marijuana), 7.84% (synthetic drugs by weight) of No. 321 -78.80 the amounts seized at national level. kg 250.27 42.78 The largest quantity (60 kg of hashish) was seized in Total No. 366 -77.38 Bolzano in December. Plants 465 -43.43 Ten-year trend The following graphs show the last ten-year trend Cannabis plants number of the seizures by type of drug. The largest seizures 6,000 5,057 occurred in the following years: 2012 (heroin, 30.21 4,000 kg); 2007 (cocaine, 126 kg), 2007 (hashish 629 kg); 2,637

2,000 1,589 2007 (marijuana 692 kg), 2007 (synthetic drugs, 879 822 583 474 358 465

pa rt on e 148 31,882 tablets). 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Cocaine kg Synthetic drugs number

40,000 31,882 150 126.69 124.55 30,000

20,000 100 13,543 58.57 46.67 10,000 34.10 50 29.47 25.11 30.55 320 333 219 877 1,036 388 104 45 15.33 15.04 0 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

persons reported to the judicial authority Heroin kg The persons reported to the Judicial Authority for c onte nts 50.00 drug-related offences amounted to 651 equal to 40.00 29.93 30.21 1.86% of the total domestic amount. 30.00 22.80 97.69% of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking 20.00 16.14 15.84 while 2.31% conspiracy to drug trafficking. 10.00 6.25 6.65 1.76 1.57 2.20 0.00 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 % variation 2012 2011

Hashish kg Type of offence

Illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 636 -2.75

750 629.03 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 15 -28.57 500

259.29 Other offences - -100.00

250 129.66 123.59 102.77 97.50 90.11 90.11 29.46 16.62 13.41 Country 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Italy 317 -13.86

other countries 334 7.74

Gender

Marijuana kg males 617 -5.08 750 692.87 females 34 21.43

500 Age 305.59 250 of age 616 -2.07 81.64 64.28 87.68 52.02 1.26 23.12 22.42 22.84 minors 35 -28.57 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 651 -3.98

trentino alto adige In the last ten years the highest numbers of reports In the last ten years the highest record was in 2010 as

were in 2011 (678) while the lowest numbers were to females (294) and in 2010 as to minors (64). e on rt pa in 2003 (408) and 2004 (498). Females - ten-year trend 294 Persons - ten-year trend 300

200 3,500 3,214

3,000 100 52 53 50 50 2,500 37 47 45 49 35

2,000 0 1,500 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1,000 632 629 592 637 678 651 408 498 500 500 Minors - ten-year trend 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 100

75 64 nents onte c foreign nationals reported to the judicial 50 37 34 26 26 28 authority 21 22 25 25 15 334 foreign nationals were involved in drug 0 trafficking, equal to 2.73% of the foreigners reported 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 at national level. The foreign nationals reported were mainly from deaths Tunisia, Morocco and Albania. Drug abuse deaths amounted to 3 (all in the province 96.41% of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking of Trento), equal to 0.77% of the domestic amount. In the last ten years the highest record was in 2010 In the last ten years the highest record was in 2007 (9 with 396 persons reported while the lowest record cases) while the lowest records were in 2008, 2009 was in 2003 with 159 persons reported . and 2010 (2 cases).

Deaths - ten-year trend Foreigners - ten-year trend 15

396 400 334 9 310 10 283 302 7 7 300 261 243 209 227 5 5 4 200 159 3 3 2 2 2 100 0 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Females and minors reported to the judicial authority In 2012, 35 females and 34 minors were reported, equal to 1.18% and 2.69% of the females and minors reported at national level.

Females and minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012

Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other % variation Total (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences 2011 Females 35 - - 35 -28.57 Minors 34 - - 34 21.43

trentino alto adige The provinces Provincial incidence rates compared with national data pa rt on e

BZ 54.44% 81.23% 48.54% c onte nts

TN 45.56% 18.77% 51.46%

drug operations Legend In 2012 the province of Trento (227 operations) Drug operations stood out in comparison with the province of Bolzano Drug seizures kg Persons reported to the J. A. (190 operations) . In comparison with 2011, there was a significant increase in the number of operations carried out in the province of Bolzano (13.50%) while operations 203.31kg) stood out among the other provinces, decreased in the province of Trento (15.18%). followed by Trento (46.96 kg.) In comparison with 2011 seizures decreased in the drug seizures province of Trento (-43.57%) while they increased in In 2012 the province of Bolzano (with a total of the province of Bolzano (+ 120.83%).

trentino alto adige persons reported to the judicial authority e on rt pa In 2012, the same as for drug operations the province The highest number of reports for conspiracy to drug of Trento held the record (335 persons), followed by trafficking was registered in Bolzano (11), followed Bolzano (316). by Trento (4).

General table BZ TN

Drug operations Operations No. 227 190

rug seizures D nts onte c Cocaine kg 22.53 8.02

Heroin kg 24.94 5.27

Hashish kg 72.63 24.87

Marijuana kg 43.25 8.78

Cannabis plants Plants 252 213

kg 5.17 0.02 Synthetic drugs No. 45 -

kg 34.80 - Other drugs No. 28 293

kg 203.31 46.96

Total No. 73 293

Plants 252 213

persons reported to the judicial authority

Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art.73) 305 331 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 11 4 Other offences - - Country Italy 191 126 other countries 125 209 Age of age 305 312 minors 11 23 Gender males 298 318 females 18 17 Total 316 335

trentino alto adige Friuli venezia giulia

Regional incidence rates compared with national data

pa rt on e %

1.00

D s r u on g operati

% %

0.09 1.15

P .

e A r . c onte nts s o J D n e r g s th u g s k rep to seizure orted Legend Other regions region friuli venezia giulia drug operations In 2012, 228 drug operations were carried out with an The largest quantity (5.37 kg of cocaine) was seized increase (19.72%) in comparison with the previous in Latisana (UD) in May. year. As compared with 2011, the seizures of marijuana The last ten years have held the two highest ( 474 in increased while the seizures of all the other substances 2009 and 395 in 2006) and the two lowest records decreased. (228 in 2012 and 284 in 2011). Drug seizures 2012

Ten-year trend of the operations % variation 2012 2011 600 474 Cocaine kg 9.25 522.21 395 379 391 385 400 325 Heroin kg 0.53 -32.27 308 289 284 228 Hashish kg 10.13 -4.92 200 Marijuana kg 20.90 46.05 Cannabis plants plants 447 -40.24 0 kg 0.53 -14.15 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Synthetic drugs No. 16 -97.93 kg 3.29 -67.83 drug seizures Other drugs In 2012 the regional drug seizures represented 0.17% No. 856 1,237.50 (cocaine), 0.06% (heroin), 0.05 % ( hashish), 0.10% kg 44.63 17.19 (marijuana), 0.07% (synthetic drugs in tablets and/or Total No. 872 4.06 doses) of the amounts seized at national level. Plants 447 -40.24 Ten-year trend Cannabis plants number

The following graphs show the last ten-year trend e on rt pa of the seizures by type of drug. The largest seizures 1,500 1,259 occurred in the following years: 2006 (heroin, 382 1,000 kg); 2009 (cocaine, 16 kg), 2003 (hashish 157 kg); 784 756 748 421 458 447 2010 (marijuana 118 kg), 2010 (synthetic drugs, 500 358 230 193

11,084 tablets). 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Cocaine kg Synthetic drugs number 15,000 20 11,084 16.78 16.07 10,000 15 12.02 8,024 9.24 10.35 9.25 10 7.15 5.39 5,000 2,867 3.17 5 1,210 1,045 1.49 732 774 nts onte c 492 27 16 0 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Heroin kg persons reported to the judicial authority 382.62 400 360.42 The persons reported to the Judicial Authority for

300 drug-related offences sharply decreased (18.33%), 233.91 237.48 amounting to 401, equal to 1.15% of the total 200 domestic amount. 100 68.05 64.32 8.52 0.48 0.78 0.53 91.02% of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 while 8.98% conspiracy to drug trafficking.

Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012

% variation 2012 Hashish kg 2011

200 157.55 Type of offence 150 102.34 Illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 365 -23.64 100 80.66 61.15 45.17 46.89 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 36 200.00 50 25.88 33.98 10.66 10.13 Other offences - -100.00 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Country Italy 247 -35.00 other countries 154 38.74 Gender Marijuana kg males 388 -16.38 150 118.65 females 13 -51.85 100 Age

50 37.42 of age 358 -16.16 20.90 11.24 14.31 3.71 4.43 10.19 10.02 6.36 minors 43 -32.81 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 401 -18.33

friuli venezia giulia In the last ten years the highest numbers of reports In the last ten years the highest record was in 2004 as were in 2009 (756) and in 2010 (740) while the to females (90) and in 2010 as to minors (40). lowest numbers were in 2012 (401) and 2003 (458). Females - ten-year trend

100 90 87 Persons - ten-year trend 79 80 73 69 75 65 64 58 pa rt on e 1,000 50 43 756 740 750 636 615 25 552 577 590 458 491 500 401 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 250 Minors - ten-year trend 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 60 40 40 34 29 28 25 27 22 16 foreign nationals reported to the judicial 20 13 10 authority 154 foreign nationals were involved in drug 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 trafficking, equal to 1.26% of the foreigners reported c onte nts at national level. deaths The foreign nationals reported were mainly from Drug abuse deaths amounted to 7, equal to 1.79% of Albania and Morocco. the domestic amount. 83.77% of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking In the last ten years the highest record was in 2008 In the last ten years the highest record was in 2009 (13 cases) while the lowest record was in 2009 (5 with 274 persons reported. cases). The highest number of drug abuse deaths was registered in the province of Udine (4) while Foreigners - ten-year trend there were no drug abuse deaths in the province of Pordenone. 300 274 236 214 192 207 200 142 155 154 111 Deaths - ten-year trend 100 73 20

0 15 13 12 12 12 12 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 9 9 10 8 7 5 5 Females and minors reported to the judicial authority 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 In 2012, 43 females and 13 minors were reported, equal to 1.44% and 1.03% of the females and minors Provincial distribution (2012) reported at national level. 6

4 Females and minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 4

Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other % variation 2 Total 2 (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences 2011 1 0 Females 40 3 - 43 -32.81 0 Minors 13 - - 13 -51.85 Gorizia Pordenone Trieste Udine

friuli venezia giulia The provinces ar ne on rt pa Provincial incidence rates compared with national data nents onte c

UD 33.77% 68.95% PN 35.91% 18.42% 4.68% 26.68%

GO 22.37% 2.02% 17.21%

TS 25.44% 24.35% 20.20%

drug operations Legend In 2012 the provinces of Udine (77) and Trieste (58) Drug operations stood out in comparison with the other provinces, Drug seizures kg Persons reported to the J. A. followed by Gorizia (51) and Pordenone (42). In comparison with 2011, there was a decrease in the number of operations carried out in all provinces : Trieste (34.09%), Pordenone (17.65%), Udine Lower percentages were registered in Pordenone (13.48%) and Gorizia (8.93%). (2.09 kg) and Gorizia (0.90 kg). In comparison with 2011 seizures sharply increased drug seizures only in the province of Udine (92.17%). In 2012 the province of Udine (with a total of 30.77 Seizures decreased in all the other provinces: kg) stood out among the other provinces, followed by Pordenone (77.84%), Gorizia (27.43%) and Trieste Trieste (10.87 kg.). (4.66%).

friuli venezia giulia persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012 the province of Udine held the record for In comparison to 2011 reports increased in the highest number of reports for drug-related offences province of Pordenone (2.88%) while decreased in (144 reports), followed by Pordenone (107), Trieste the other provinces: Trieste (48.73), Gorizia 2.66% (81) and Gorizia (69). and Udine 4 %. pa rt on e

General table UD GO PN TS

Drug operations Operations No. 77 51 42 58

Drug seizures Cocaine kg 7.65 - 0.37 1.23

Heroin kg 0.05 0.08 0.15 0.24

Hashish kg 2.34 0.08 0.50 7.21

Marijuana kg 17.21 0.73 1.07 1.89 c onte nts Cannabis plants Plants 347 31 61 8

kg 0.25 - - 0.29 Synthetic drugs No. 16 - - -

kg 3.28 - - - Other drugs No. 710 146 - -

kg 30.77 0.90 2.09 10.87

Total No. 726 146 0 0

Plants 347 31 61 8

persons reported to the judicial authority

Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art.73) 112 65 107 81 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 32 4 - - Other offences - - - - Country Italy 83 56 45 63 other countries 61 13 62 18 Age of age 141 66 104 77 minors 3 3 3 4 Gender males 128 55 101 74 females 16 14 6 7 Total 144 69 107 81

friuli venezia giulia Liguria e on rt pa

Regional incidence rates compared with national data

% 3.83

D s r u on g operati

% nts onte c

12.10 % 4.22

P .

e A r s . o J n e D g s h Legend ru k re o t g se ures p orted t iz Other regions region liguria drug operations In 2012, 871 drug operations were carried out with The largest quantity (3,680 kg of hashish) was seized a slight decrease (0.46%) in comparison with the in Imperia in September. previous year. As compared with 2011, the seizures of marijuana, The last ten years have held the two highest (1.023 synthetic drugs, hashish and cannabis plants sharply in 2008 and 900 in 2007) and the two lowest records increased. (636 in 2004 and 688 in 2005). Cocaine and heroin decreased.

Ten-year trend of the operations Drug seizures 2012 1,500 % variation 2012 1,023 2011 1,000 900 870 877 875 871 720 Cocaine kg 285.56 -81.63 694 636 688 Heroin kg 19.31 -26.53 500 Hashish kg 5,695.31 117.81 Marijuana kg 70.68 507.03 0 Cannabis plants plants 1,768 88.69 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 kg 0.40 343.33 Synthetic drugs No. 162 440.00 DRUG SEIZURES kg 0.01 -99.15 Other drugs In 2012 the regional drug seizures represented 5.36% No. 140 -70.53 (cocaine), 2.03 % ( heroin), 26.01% (hashish), 0.33% kg 6,071.27 44.28 (marijuana) and 0.71% (synthetic drugs) of the Total No. 302 -40.20 amounts seized at national level. Plants 1,768 88.69 Ten-year trend The following graphs show the last ten-year trend Cannabis plants number of the seizures by type of drug. The largest seizures 25,000 20,193 occurred in the following years: 2008 (heroin, 55 20,000 kg); 2011 (cocaine, 1,554 kg), 2010 (hashish 7,696 15,000 kg); 2004 (marijuana 88 kg), 2005 (synthetic drugs, 10,000 5,000 1,406 937 1,768 pa rt on e 428 196 412 198 527 503 8,844 tablets). 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Synthetic drugs number

Cocaine kg 10,000 8,844

2,000 7,500 6,085 1,554.34 1,500 5,000 2,500 1,325 708 1,012 1,000 507 305 123 30 162 637.32 0 393.76 285.56 241.89 230.59

500 226.05 181.58

153.30 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 44.31 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 persons reported to the judicial authority The persons reported to the Judicial Authority for c onte nts drug-related offences amounted to 1,475, 0.55% Heroin kg more than the previous year and equal to 4.22% of 75 55.68 the total domestic amount. 46.68 50 90.71% of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking 26.28 while 9.29% conspiracy to drug trafficking. 25 17.25 15.85 15.69 19.31 11.43 6.82 7.05 0 Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 % variation 2012 2011

Hashish kg Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 1,338 -4.02

10,000 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 137 87.67 7,696.17 7,500 5,695.31 Other offences 0 - -

5,000 3,461.33 3,276.76 3,233.97 3,132.42 2,853.68 2,844.93 2,614.82 2,496.93 2,500 Country

0 Italy 641 -5.87 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 other countries 834 6.11 Age Marijuana kg of age 1,433 0.99

100 88.67 85.95 minors 42 -12.50 70.68 75 60.17 Gender 50 39.40 21.57 males 1,344 0.60 15.05 25 9.77 11.64 5.68 females 131 0.00 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 1,475 0.55

liguria In the last ten years the highest numbers of reports In the last ten years the highest record was in 2007

were in 2008 (1,522) and 2012 (1,475), while the and 2008 as to females (152) and in 2005 as to e on rt pa lowest numbers were in 2004 (992) and 2005 (1,001). minors (59).

Females - ten-year trend

Persons - ten-year trend 200 152 152 150 131 124 125 131 131 114 116 119 2,000 1,522 100 1,389 1,467 1,475 1,500 1,229 1,264 1,103 50 992 1,001 1,059 1,000 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 500

0 Minors - ten-year trend 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 75 59 58 nts onte c 54 51 48 50 44 44 42 foreign nationals reported to the judicial 39 37 authority 25 834 foreign nationals were involved in drug 0 trafficking, equal to 6.82% of the foreigners reported 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 at national level. The foreign nationals reported were mainly from deaths Morocco, Tunisia and Albania. Drug abuse deaths amounted to 7, equal to 1.79% of 87.53% of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking the domestic amount. In the last ten years the highest record was in the year In the last ten years the highest record was in 2006 under study with 834 persons reported. (23 cases) while the lowest record was in 2012 (7 cases). The highest number of drug abuse deaths Foreigners - ten-year trend was recorded in the province of La Spezia (4) while

1,000 there were no drug abuse deaths in the provinces of 834 786 750 Imperia and Savona. 613 573 605 497 500 416 394 334 361 Deaths - ten-year trend 250 25 23 0 20 20 18 17 17 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 14 15 15 9 10 8 7 Females and minors reported to the 5 judicial authority 0 In 2012, 131 females and 42 minors were reported, 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 equal to 4.40% and 3.33% of the females and minors Provincial distribution (2012) reported at national level. 6 4 Females and minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 4 3

Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other % variation Total 2 (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences 2011 0 0 0 Females 119 12 - 131 0.00 Genova Imperia La Spezia Savona Minors 42 - - 42 -12.50

liguria The provinces

Provincial incidence rates compared with national data pa rt on e

GE 60.05% 20.51% 55.73%

SV 16.65% 6.28% SP 15.53% 10.79% 9.44% 14.92% c onte nts

IM 12.51% 63.78% 13.83%

Legend drug operations Drug operations In 2012 the province of Genova (523) stood out Drug seizures kg in comparison with the other provinces, followed by Persons reported to the J. A. Savona (145). The lowest numbers were recorded in the provinces of La Spezia (94) and Imperia (109) In comparison with 2011, drug operations sharply increased in the province of la Spezia (11.90%) and Savona (3.57%). Remarkable decreases were recorded in the province of Imperia (9.17%) and Genova (1.51%). The lowest number was recorded in Savona (381 kg). In comparison with 2011 seizures sharply increased drug seizures in the province of Imperia 616.86% (from 540 kg in In 2012, the province of Imperia stood out (3,872 2011 to 3,872 kg in 2012) and Savona (83.47%). kg) among the other provinces, followed by Genova Decreases were recorded in the provinces of Genova (1,245 kg) and La Spezia (573 kg). (48.64%) and La Spezia (44.68%).

liguria persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012 the province of Genova held the record for (1.995). Reports slightly decreased in the remaining ar ne on rt pa highest number of reports for drug-related offences provinces. There was only one report for conspiracy (822 reports), followed by Savona (229), La Spezia to drug trafficking in the province of Genova. (220) and Imperia (204). In comparison to 2011 reports slightly increased in the provinces of La Spezia (2.33%) and Genova

General table GE IM SP SV

Drug operations Operations No. 523 109 94 145

rug seizures D nts onte c Cocaine kg 247.37 30.26 4.70 3.23

Heroin kg 8.75 9.54 0.53 0.49

Hashish kg 934.79 3,823.76 566.85 369.92

Marijuana kg 53.88 8.49 0.92 7.39

Cannabis plants Plants 184 208 32 1,344

kg 0.39 - 0.01 - Synthetic drugs No. 58 15 75 14

kg - - - 0.01 Other drugs No. 140 - - -

kg 1,245.17 3,872.05 573.01 381.05

Total No. 198 15 75 14

Plants 184 208 32 1,344

persons reported to the judicial authority

Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art.73) 685 204 220 229 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 137 - - - Other offences - - - - Country Italy 326 114 88 113 other countries 496 90 132 116 Age of age 798 202 216 217 minors 24 2 4 12 Gender males 746 179 203 216 females 76 25 17 13 Total 822 204 220 229

liguria Emilia romagna

Regional incidence rates compared with national data

% pa rt on e 8.17

D s r u on g operati

% % 7.60 2.39

P .

e A r c onte nts s . o J D n e r k g s h u g es re o t seizur p orted t Legend Other regions region emilia romagna drug operations In 2012 1,859 drug operations were carried out, with In the reporting year, as compared with 2011, the a decrease of 2.97% in comparison with the previous seizures of heroin, hashish, marijuana and synthetic year. drugs, increased while the seizures of cocaine and The last ten years have held the two highest (1,920 in cannabis plants decreased. 2009 and 1,912 in 2011) and the two lowest records

(1,385 in 2003 and 1,389 in 2004). Drug seizures 2012 % variation Ten-year trend of the operations 2012 2011 2,500 kg 1,921 1,916 Cocaine 101.94 -22.10 1,874 1,859 1,858 1,717 1,693

2,000 1,637 1,389 1,500 1,385 Heroin kg 116.77 188.46

1,000 Hashish kg 607.68 30.14 500 kg 0 Marijuana 364.80 8.61 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Cannabis plants Plants 1,453 -25.72

drug seizures kg 3.85 -53.15 Synthetic drugs In 2012 the regional drug seizures represented 1.91% No. 1,579 82.54 (cocaine), 12.28% (heroin), 2.78% ( hashish), 1.70% kg 1.35 -76.68 (marijuana) and 6.95% ( synthetic drugs in tablets Other drugs No. 234 -53.29 and/or doses) of the overall amount seized at national kg 1,196.38 21.07 level. Total No. 1,813 32.72 The largest quantity was seized in Rimini in November and amounted to 140 kg of hashish. Plants 1,453 -25.72 Ten-year trend Cannabis plants number

The following graphs show the last ten-year trend e on rt pa of the seizures by type of drug. The largest seizures 2,424 2,500 2,110 occurred in the following years: 2008 (heroin, 131 1,956 2,000 1,614 1,539 1,474 1,453 kg); 2007 cocaine (188 kg), 2008 hashish (2,490kg); 1,500 894 938 2012 marijuana ( 365 kg); 2004 synthetic drugs 1,000 780 500 (148,103 tablets). 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Synthetic drugs number Cocaine kg 200,000 148,103 250 150,000 188.09 183.92 90,182 200 169.55 100,000 156.50 154.28 146.17 150 130.86 44,050 102.25 101.94

96.26 50,000 25,524 100 9,159 4,807 4,706 1,326 865 1,579 nts onte c 0 50 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012 2,657 persons were reported to the Judicial Authority for drug-related offences, with a decrease Heroin kg of 16.68% in comparison with the year before and 200 equal to 7.60% of the total domestic amount. 95.86% 131.71 150 127.57 119.83 119.83 119.49 119.49 116.77 116.77 113.03 113.03 of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking and 103.07 100

62.12 4.14% conspiracy to drug trafficking. 47.12 50 40.48

0 Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 % variation 2012 2011

Hashish kg Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 2,547 -15.80 3,000 2,490.35 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 110 -31.25 2,192.58 2,000 1,423.75 Other offences - -100.00 1,058.39 925.41 806.20 691.24 607.68 1,000 572.95 466.95 Country 0 Italy 1,189 -16.50 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 other countries 1,468 -16.83 Age Marijuana kg of age 2,579 -17.58 364.80 400 335.87 minors 78 30.00 277.97 300 Gender 200 148.76 83.99 90.62 males 2,474 -15.96 100 62.93 43.52 19.27 17.51 females 183 -25.31 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 2,657 -16.68

emilia romagna In the last ten years the highest number of reports In the last ten years the highest record was in 2009 was in 2011 (1189), followed by 2009 (3,182) while as to females (271) and in 2006 as to minors (92). the lowest number was in 2003 (2,285), followed by 2004 (2,377). Females - ten-year trend

300 270 272 Persons - ten-year trend 234 240 248 232 245 212 209 183 200 pa rt on e 4,000 3,189 3,182

3,064 100 2,904 2,890 2,842 2,682 3,000 2,657 2,377 2,285 0 2,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

1,000 Minors - ten-year trend 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 125 100 91 92 81 79 78 71 73 foreign nationals reported to the judicial 75 60 63 60 authority 50 The foreign nationals involved in drug trafficking 25 0 amounted to 1,468 equal to 12.01% (ranked second 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 after Lombardia) of the foreigners reported at c onte nts national level. The foreign nationals involved were deaths mainly from Tunisia, Morocco and Albania. Drug abuse deaths amounted to 37, equal to 9.49% of The reports for illicit drug trafficking amounted to the total amount at national level. 94.07%. In the last ten years the highest record was in 2006 The highest record was in 2011 with 1,765 persons (51cases) and the lowest record in 2010 (20 cases). reported. The highest number of drug abuse deaths was recorded in the province of Bologna (11) while no Foreigners - ten-year trend deaths were reported in the provinces of Forli’ and

2,000 Piacenza. 1,765 1,638 1,482 1,468 1,433 1,380 1,367

1,500 1,259 1,099 982 1,000 Deaths - ten-year trend

500 80

60 0 51 47 40 40 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 37 35 33 37 40 28 20 20 Females and minors reported to the 0 judicial authority 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 In 2012, 183 females and 78 minors were reported, Provincial distribution (2012) equal to 6.15% and 6.18% of the females and minors 15 reported at national level. 11 10 8 8

Females and minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 5 4 4 1 1 Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other % variation 0 0 Total 0 (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences 2011

Forlì Females 178 5 - 183 -25.31 Parma Rimini Bologna Ferrara Modena Piacenza Ravenna Minors 78 - - 78 30.00 Reggio Emilia

emilia romagna The provinces ar ne on rt pa Provincial incidence rates compared with national data

PC 4.57% FE 4.17% 8.45% 6.62% 13.03% RE 7.38% PR 8.45% 8.66% 6.23% 2.82% 8.05% 10.35% BO RA

37.98% 10.65% nts onte c MO 29.74% 12.63% 6.19% 35.98% 8.36% 10.33% 6.66%

FC 5.38% 7.32% RN 5.23% 9.68% 13.74% 11.37%

Drug operations In 2012, the highest number of drug operations was registered in the province of Bologna (706), followed by Ravenna (198). Legend The lowest number was registered in Piacenza ( 85) Drug operations and Forlì (100). Drug seizures kg Persons reported to the J. A. In comparison with 2011, there was a significant increase in the number of operations carried out in the provinces of Parma (47.71%). Decreases were registered in the provinces of Forlì (30.07%), Piacenza (23.42%), Reggio Emilia (13.47%) of Ferrara (496.88%),Modena (38,26%) and Piacenza (134.11%). drug seizures Decreases were registered in the provinces of Parma Also in the field of drug seizures in 2012 the province (50.76%) and Forlì (16.79%). of Bologna (with a total of 335 kg) stood out among the other provinces, followed by Rimini with 164 kg. persons reported to the judicial authority Parma (33 kg) and Piacenza (49kg) held the lowest In 2012, the same as for drug operations and seizures records. the province of Bologna held the record (956 persons In comparison with 2011 significant increases in reported), followed by Rimini (302), Parma (275) terms of percentage were registered in the provinces and Ravenna (222).

emilia romagna The lowest number of persons reported was registered The crime of conspiracy to drug trafficking was in the province of Forlì (139) and Piacenza (176). registered only in the province of Bologna (77), In comparison with 2011 the number of reports Ravenna (14) Rimini (12), Modena (6) and Ferrara increased in the provinces of Parma (41.03%) and (1). Piacenza (2.92%), while decreases were registered in

pa rt on e the other provinces.

General table BO FE FO MO PC PR RA RE RN

Drug operations Operations No. 706 157 100 115 85 161 198 157 180

Drug seizures Cocaine kg 40.93 1.12 1.66 3.37 39.55 4.58 4.10 3.34 3.31

Heroin kg 16.56 1.89 35.12 9.98 0.01 2.04 38.89 10.52 1.76

Hashish kg 121.29 132.56 49.34 105.93 2.04 7.64 9.04 27.35 152.51

Marijuana kg 176.13 20.19 1.43 2.35 7.29 19.42 98.17 33.33 6.50 c onte nts Cannabis plants Plants 257 98 62 121 95 26 505 96 193

kg 0.49 0.06 - 2.00 1.00 - 0.09 - 0.22 Synthetic drugs No. 195 81 1,001 10 - 1 62 83 146

kg 0.46 0.04 0.03 - - - 0.79 - 0.04 Other drugs No. 114 38 7 3 - - - 62 10

kg 355.84 155.84 87.57 123.62 49.89 33.68 151.07 74.54 164.33

Total No. 309 119 1,008 13 0 1 62 145 156

Plants 257 98 62 121 95 26 505 96 193

persons reported to the judicial authority

Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art.73) 879 195 139 171 176 275 208 214 290 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 77 1 - 6 - - 14 - 12 Other offences ------Country Italy 329 120 81 63 78 112 95 106 205 other countries 627 76 58 114 98 163 127 108 97 Age of age 940 191 129 169 168 269 214 208 291 minors 16 5 10 8 8 6 8 6 11 Gender males 902 181 123 162 162 252 209 198 285 females 54 15 16 15 14 23 13 16 17 Total 956 196 139 177 176 275 222 214 302

emilia romagna Toscana e on rt pa

Regional incidence rates compared with national data

% 5.88

D s r u on g operati nents onte c % % 6.08 1.51

P .

e A r s . o J n e D g s h Legend ru k re o t g se ures p orted t iz Other regions region toscana drug operations In 2012 1,338 drug operations were carried out, with The largest quantity was seized in Pisa in May and a slight decrease of 4.22% in comparison with the amounted to 213 kg of cocaine. previous year. In the reporting year, as compared with 2011, the The last ten years have held the two highest ( 1,516 in seizures of heroin and cannabis plants increased while 2009 and 1,472 in 2008) and the two lowest records the seizures of all the other substances decreased. (1,286 in 2005 and 1,338 in 2012). Drug seizures 2012 % variation Ten-year trend of the operations 2012 2011 2,500 Cocaine kg 252.79 -82.25 2,000 1,516

1,472 kg 1,437 1,422 Heroin 53.37 7.21 1,397 1,371 1,357 1,339 1,338 1,500 1,286 Hashish kg 221.42 -84.59 1,000 kg 500 Marijuana 197.81 -30.25 0 Cannabis plants plants 1,982 73.86 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 kg 0.38 32.63 Synthetic drugs DRUG SEIZURES No. 313 -58.76 kg 29.37 -65.41 In 2012 the regional drug seizures represented 4.75% Other drugs (cocaine), 5.61% (heroin), 1.01% ( hashish), 0.92% No. 6,437 758.27 (marijuana) and 1.38% ( synthetic drugs in tablets kg 755.13 -76.97 and/or doses) of the overall amount seized at national Total No. 6,750 347.32 level. Plants 1,982 73.86 Ten-year trend The following graphs show the last ten-year trend Cannabis plants number of the seizures by type of drug. The largest seizures 6,000 occurred in the following years: 2007 (heroin, 153kg); 4,885 2011 cocaine (1,423 kg), 2004 hashish (1,857kg); 4,000 1,982 1,474 1,681 1,595 2010 marijuana ( 293,58 kg); 2010 synthetic drugs 2,000 1,233 1,195 1,140 678 696 pa rt on e (47,765 tablets). 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Synthetic drugs number

Cocaine kg 60,000 47,765

2,000 40,000 29,955 1,424.01 1,500 20,000 9,918 7,740 7,119 7,325 7,016

1,000 807.00 2,206 759 313 0 346.98 258.39 500 252.79 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 154.22 117.82 117.82 86.58 82.50 79.88 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012 2,127 persons were reported to the Judicial c onte nts Heroin kg Authority for drug-related offences, with a decrease

200 of 2.43% in comparison with the year before and 153.65 150 equal to 6.08% of the total domestic amount. 87.54% 110.68 110.68 97.53 100 87.08 of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking and 65.83 57.94 53.37 51.02 49.78

50 34.20 12.46% conspiracy to drug trafficking.

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 % variation 2012 2011 Hashish kg Type of offence 3,000 Illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 1,862 -13.19 1,857.66 2,000 1,849.88 1,494.91 1,436.83 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 265 657.14 1,043.71 800.44 759.06

1,000 599.10 Other offences - - - 442.91 221.42

0 Country 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Italy 979 -19.09 other countries 1,148 18.35

Marijuana kg Age of age 2,056 -3.25 400

293.96 minors 71 29.09 283.58 300

197.81 Gender 200 92.38

80.48 males 1,942 -2.31 50.17 100 48.05 35.91 29.20 20.25 females 185 -3.65 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 2,127 -2.43

toscana In the last ten years the highest number of reports In the last ten years the highest record was in 2003

was in 2003 (2,429), followed by 2010 (2,377) while as to females (288) and in 2004 as to minors (96). e on rt pa the lowest number was in 2012 (2,127), followed by 2006 (2,145). Females - ten-year trend

288 300 Persons - ten-year trend 239 224 223 211 222 207 200 192 185 200 4,000 100 3,000 2,429 2,377 2,352 2,333 2,318 2,249 2,180 2,154 2,145 2,127 0 2,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

1,000 Minors - ten-year trend 0 125 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 96 100 78 81 nts onte c 72 72 71 75 67 67 55 48 foreign nationals reported to the judicial 50 authority 25

The foreign nationals involved in drug trafficking 0 amounted to 1,148, equal to 9.39% of the foreigners 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 reported at national level. deaths The foreign nationals involved were mainly from Drug abuse deaths amounted to 43, equal to 11.03% Morocco, Albania and Tunisia. of the total amount at national level. The reports for illicit drug trafficking amounted to In the last ten years the highest record was in 2012 and 79.44%. the lowest record in 2003 (21). The highest number In the last ten years the highest record was in 2012. of drug abuse deaths was recorded in the province of Florence (11) while no deaths were reported in the Foreigners - ten-year trend provinces of Lucca and Pisa.

1,500 1,148 1,128 Deaths - ten-year trend 1,009 991 970 942 934 899 897 1,000 867 60

41 40 43 500 40 33 34 30 28 21 24 22 0 20 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Females and minors reported to the judicial authority In 2012, 185 females and 71 minors were reported, Provincial distribution (2012) equal to 6.21% and 5.62% of the females and minors 20 reported at national level. 14 15 9 Females and minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 10 8 5 Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other % variation 5 Total 2 2 2 (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences 2011 0 1 0 0 Females 171 14 - 185 -3.65 Pisa Lucca Prato Siena Arezzo Firenze Massa Pistoia Minors 71 - - 71 29.09 Grosseto Livorno

toscana The provinces Provincial incidence rates compared with national data

MS PO pa rt on e 4.78% 9.57 % 0.93% 6.70% 3.62% LU 9.83% 6.35% PT 0.97% 5.68% 5.45% 5.77% FI 5.92% 35.65% 27.58% 37.05%

AR PI 6.13% 9.79% 8.68% 43.23% 5.50% 11.38% SI 4.26% 2.39% LI 4.47% 13.90% c onte nts 2.30% 13.82%

GR 3.89% 1.46% 2.96%

Legend drug operations Drug operations In 2012, the highest number of drug operations was Drug seizures kg Persons reported to the J. A. registered in the province of Florence (477), followed by Livorno (186). The lowest number was registered in Grosseto ( 52) drug seizures and Siena (57). In 2012, in the field of drug seizures the province of In comparison with 2011, there was a significant Pisa (with a total of 326.43 kg) stood out among the increase in the number of operations carried out in other provinces, followed by Florence with 208,28 the provinces of Siena (35.71%), Prato (9.40%) and kg. Florence (12.77%). Massa (7.01 kg) and Lucca (7.36kg) held the lowest The most remarkable decreases were registered in the records. provinces of Grosseto (39.53%) , Massa (24.71%), In comparison with 2011 significant increases in Pisa (24.28%), Livorno (16.22%), Pistoia (5 %) and terms of percentage were registered in the provinces Lucca (2.30%), while no variations were registered of Pistoia (206.93%), and Siena (191.29%). in the province of Arezzo. Decreases were registered in the other provinces.

toscana persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012, the same as for drug operations the province Remarkable decreases were registered in the The provinces of Florence held the record (788 persons reported), provinces of Grosseto (70.14%) and Massa (48.32%). e on rt pa followed by Livorno (294) and Pisa (242). The highest number of reports for conspiracy to The lowest number of persons reported was registered drug trafficking was registered in the provinces of in the provinces of Grosseto (63) and Massa(77). Florence (170) and Pistoia (90). In comparison with 2011 the number of reports increased in the provinces of Florence (30.46%), Pistoia (22.33%) and Prato ( 18.08%).

General table FI AR GR LI LU MS PI PO PT SI

Drug operations Operations No. 477 82 52 186 85 64 131 128 76 57 nts onte c

Drug seizures Cocaine kg 9.51 1.29 0.38 2.06 2.78 1.39 219.56 10.75 2.85 2.22 Heroin kg 32.86 0.23 0.24 2.16 0.18 1.72 14.30 1.17 0.30 0.21 Hashish kg 16.31 56.95 9.69 3.76 3.41 2.07 91.28 33.18 2.48 2.28 Marijuana kg 120.44 7.05 0.65 9.35 0.98 1.82 1.27 5.01 37.90 13.34 Cannabis plants Plants 110 86 50 118 648 247 17 3 617 86 kg 0.07 - 0.04 0.01 0.01 - - 0.25 0.01 - Synthetic drugs No. 5 - - - - 2 8 198 98 2 kg 29.09 - - 0.03 - - 0.01 0.23 - - Other drugs No. 361 14 4,504 1,505 - - - 50 - 3

kg 208.28 65.52 11.00 17.35 7.36 7.01 326.43 50.60 43.54 18.05

Total No. 366 14 4,504 1,505 0 2 8 248 98 5

Plants 110 86 50 118 648 247 17 3 617 86

persons reported to the judicial authority

Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art.73) 618 117 63 293 115 77 152 206 126 95 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 170 - - 1 1 - 90 3 - - Other offences ------Country Italy 253 68 48 217 44 56 93 66 63 71 other countries 535 49 15 77 72 21 149 143 63 24 Age of age 759 109 59 282 114 76 237 203 123 94 minors 29 8 4 12 2 1 5 6 3 1 Gender males 727 112 56 253 112 69 223 190 116 84 females 61 5 7 41 4 8 19 19 10 11 Total 788 117 63 294 116 77 242 209 126 95

toscana Umbria Regional incidence rates compared with national data

pa rt on e % 1.82

D s r u on g operati

% % 0.45 1.94

P .

e A c onte nts r s . o J D n e g s th ru k re o Legend g seizures p orted t Other regions region umbria drug operations In 2012 413 drug operations were carried out, with The largest quantity was seized in Perugia in January a slight decrease (1.90%) in comparison with the and amounted to 31 kg of hashish. previous year. In the reporting year, as compared with 2011, the The last ten years have held the two highest (420 in seizures of heroin, cannabis plants and synthetic 2011 and 415 in 2003) and the two lowest records drugs (tablets and/or doses) increased while the (280 in 2006 and 292 in 2005 and 2007). seizures of all the other substances decreased.

Ten-year trend of the operations Drug seizures 2012 800 % variation 2012 600 2011 415 398 392 404 421 413 400 321 292 280 292 Cocaine kg 8.45 -0.65

200 Heroin kg 6.55 29.38 Hashish kg 183.43 -57.90 0 kg 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Marijuana 25.02 -75.55 Cannabis plants plants 283 57.22 kg 0.02 -62.22 drug seizures Synthetic drugs No. 104 166.67 In 2012 the regional drug seizures represented 0.16% kg 0.21 -68.98 Other drugs (cocaine), 0.69% (heroin), 0.84% ( hashish), 0.12% No. 65 85.71 (marijuana) and 0.46% (synthetic drugs in tablets kg 223.67 -59.50 and/or doses) of the overall amount seized at national Total No. 169 128.38 level. Plants 283 57.22 Ten-year trend Cannabis plants number

The following graphs show the last ten-year trend e on rt pa of the seizures by type of drug. The largest seizures 800 occurred in the following years: 2007 (heroin, 9 kg); 580 600 2006 cocaine (446 kg), 2011 hashish (435kg); 2007 400 264 259 283 199 marijuana ( 107 kg); 2003 synthetic drugs (4,458 153 192 180 200 102 26 tablets). 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Synthetic drugs number Cocaine kg

6,000 600 4,458 446.48 4,000 400

2,000 1,309 200 820 644 626 nts onte c 147 14 260 39 104 39.92 23.23 18.77 18.63 13.75 12.72 12.45 8.51 8.45 0 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012 679 persons were reported to the Judicial Heroin kg Authority for drug-related offences, with a decrease 15 of 14.05% in comparison with the year before and 9.73 10 equal to 1.94% of the total domestic amount. 6.74 7.04 5.89 6.55 5.06 89.69% of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking 4.05 4.24 5 3.18 2.70 and 10.31% conspiracy to drug trafficking.

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 % variation 2012 2011

Hashish kg Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 609 -7.31

600 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 70 -47.37 435.66 400 Other offences 0 - - 183.43

200 135.59 99.79 71.96 70.52 65.26 Country 26.17 19.07 16.31 0 Italy 237 -29.25 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 other countries 442 -2.86 Age Marijuana kg of age 671 -13.20 125 107.79 102.33 minors 8 -52.94 100 75 Gender 49.61 50 34.55 33.03 25.02 males 625 -13.19 25 4.25 3.43 2.28 6.90 females 54 -22.86 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 679 -14.05

umbria In the last ten years the highest number of reports In the last ten years the highest record was in 2010 as was in 2010 (978), followed by 2011 (780) while the to females (77) and in 2008 as to minors (21). lowest number was in 2005 (551), followed by 2006 (552). Females - ten-year trend 100 77 71 70 75 62 Persons - ten-year trend 56 56 58 54 45 pa rt on e 50 43

1,500 25

978 0 1,000 790 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 705 697 714 679 594 551 552 596 500 Minors - ten-year trend

0 30 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 21 19 20 17 15 15 16

9 8 8 foreign nationals reported to the judicial 10 6 authority 0 The foreign nationals involved in drug trafficking 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

c onte nts amounted to 442, equal to 3.62% of the foreigners reported at national level. deaths The foreign nationals involved were mainly from Drug abuse deaths amounted to 25, equal to 6.41% of Tunisia, Albania and Morocco. the total amount at national level. The reports for illicit drug trafficking amounted to In the last ten years the highest record was in 2007 89.59%. (38 cases) and the lowest record in 2004 (15 cases). In the last ten years the highest record was in 2010 The highest number of drug abuse deaths was with 621 persons reported. recorded in the province of Perugia (19). Foreigners - ten-year trend Deaths - ten-year trend 800 621 60 600 455 442 390 392 411 400 350 38 269 258 286 40 26 26 28 27 200 25 25 20 17 20 15 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Females and minors reported to the judicial authority In 2012, 54 females and 8 minors were reported, Provincial distribution (2012)

equal to 1.81% and 0.63% of the females and minors 25 19 reported at national level. 20 15 Females and minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 10 6 Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other % variation Total 5 (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences 2011 0 Females 50 4 - 54 -22.86 Perugia Terni Minors 8 - - 8 -52.94

umbria The provinces e on rt pa

Provincial incidence rates compared with national data nents onte c

PG 80.87% 78.96% 79.38%

TR 19.13% 21.04% 20.62%

Legend Drug operations Drug seizures kg Persons reported to the J. A. drug operations drug seizures In 2012, the highest number of drug operations was In the field of drug seizures in 2012 the province of registered in the province of Perugia (334), followed Perugia (with a total of 176.62 kg) stood out from by Terni (79). Terni ( 47 kg). In comparison with 2011, there was an increase in In comparison with 2011 a significant increase in the number of operations carried out in the province seizures was registered in the province of Perugia of Perugia(7.40%) and a decrease in the province of (52.04%) while a decrease was registered in Terni Terni (28.18%). (89.21%).

umbria persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012, the same as for drug operations, the province The crime of conspiracy to drug trafficking was of Perugia held the record for reported persons (539 registered only in the province of Perugia (70). persons reported), followed by Terni (140). In comparison with 2011 the number of reports decreased in both the provinces of Perugia (13.20%), pa rt on e and Terni(17.16%).

General table PG TR

Drug operations Operations No. 334 79

Drug seizures Cocaine kg 3.39 5.06 Heroin kg 5.96 0.59 Hashish kg 147.99 35.44 c onte nts Marijuana kg 19.16 5.85 Cannabis plants Plants 263 20 kg 0.01 0.01 Synthetic drugs No. - 104 kg 0.10 0.11 Other drugs No. 65 -

kg 176.62 47.05

Total No. 65 104

Plants 263 20

persons reported to the judicial authority

Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art.73) 469 140 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 70 - Other offences - - Country Italy 174 63 other countries 365 77 Age of age 533 138 minors 6 2 Gender males 498 127 females 41 13 Total 539 140

umbria Marche e on rt pa

Regional incidence rates compared with national data

2.59

D s r u on g operati

% % nts onte c 2.63 1.89

P .

e A r s . o J e D g ns h ru k re o t g seizures p orted t Legend Other regions region marche drug operations In 2012 590 drug operations were carried out, with a The largest quantity was seized in the harbour of decrease of 17.37% in comparison with the previous Ancona in July and amounted to 482 kg of marijuana. year. In the reporting year, as compared with 2011, the The last ten years have held the two highest (714 in seizures of cocaine, heroin, hashish and cannabis 2011 and 703 in 2009) and the two lowest records plants decreased while the seizures of marijuana and (472 in 2003 and 539 in 2004). synthetic drugs increased.

Ten-year trend of the operations Drug seizures 2012 1,000 % variation 2012 698 703 714 2011 750 653 612 590 539 550 558 472 Cocaine kg 13.74 -31.70 500 Heroin kg 12.85 -30.47 250 Hashish kg 74.36 -21.22

0 Marijuana kg 825.34 13.40 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Cannabis plants plants 232 -69.27 kg 20.66 9,555.61 Synthetic drugs drug seizures No. 35 94.44 kg 0.19 -64.19 In 2012 the regional drug seizures represented 0.26% Other drugs No. (cocaine), 1.35% (heroin), 0.34% ( hashish), 3.84% 84 25.37 kg 947.14 9.94 (marijuana) and 31.21% ( synthetic drugs by weight) Total No. 119 40.00 of the overall amount seized at national level. Plants 232 -69.27 Ten-year trend The following graphs show the last ten-year trend of Cannabis plants number

the seizures by type of drug. The largest seizures 1,000 850 755 occurred in the following years: 2003 (heroin, 133 750 464 kg); 2006 cocaine (58 kg), 2008 hashish (161kg); 500 421 361 271 242 240 233 232 2012 marijuana ( 825 kg); 2003 synthetic drugs 250 pa rt on e (3,769 tablets). 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Synthetic drugs number Cocaine kg 80 5,000 3,769 58.95 4,000 2,887 60 3,000 40.72 36.83 39.25 2,000 1,539 40 724 22.36 24.04 1,000 444 317 18.56 20.11 142 158 18 35 20 11.51 13.74 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012 920 persons were reported to the Judicial c onte nts Heroin kg Authority for drug-related offences, with a decrease 200 of 26.69% in comparison with the year before and 133.26 150 126.81 equal to 2.63% of the total domestic amount. 102.01 100 93.15% of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking 59.26 45.35 and 6.85% conspiracy to drug trafficking. 50 28.79 18.48 7.74 13.23 12.85 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Pe rsons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 % variation 2012 2011 Hashish kg 200 Type of offence 161.12 150 Illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 857 -19.91 103.12 100.42 94.39 100 88.97 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 63 -65.76 74.36 55.04 42.59 41.87 50 34.70 Other offences - -100.00 Country 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Italy 578 -27.84 other countries 342 -24.67

Marijuana kg Age of age 885 -27.40

1,000 825.34 minors 35 -2.78 801.38 727.80 750 Gender 500 males 834 -24.86 250 57.30 38.44 16.50 11.53 11.53 9.92 6.12 3.95 females 86 -40.69 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 920 -26.69

marche F P reported at national level. level. national at reported minors and females the of 2.77% reported, and 2.89% were to equal minors 35 and females 86 2012, In judicia F 2010 (957). 2010 in and (920) 2012 in were numbers lowest the while (1,103) 2004 and 2009 by followed (1,255), 2011 in was reports of number highest the years ten last the In In the last ten years the highest record was in 2011 2011 in reported. was persons 454 record with highest the years ten last the In to amounted 96.78%. trafficking drug illicit for reports The from mainly Morocco. and were Tunisia Albania, involved nationals foreign The foreigners level. the national at of reported 2.80% to trafficking equal 342, drug to in amounted involved nationals foreign The auth fo F Minors Females e 1,000 1,200 1,400 o e ema 100 200 300 400 500 r r 200 400 600 800 m s reign e 0 o 0 a i g n l e n s o 2003 s l

2003 e -

rity r a

es t s l

n 252 Illicit trafficking e

997

- n d

nati

auth 2004

t - 2004 (Art.73) m e y n e and 35 76 i 214 a n - 1,103 y r o e o

2005 r 2005 t a r s o na r

e 241 r

983 n rity t e r d min p l 2006 e 2006 trafficking (Art.74) o n s r Conspiracy to 331 d

t 1,028 rep e o 10 d 2007 2007

- rs t o 285 o 1,017 t

h rted 2008 2008 e rep

J 353

u 1,029 offences d 2009 Other 2009 i o

c t - -

i 409 rted a o 1,103 l

2010 A the 2010 Total u 35 86 306 t 957 h

o 2011

2011 judicia r t i t % variation % variation 454 o

y 1,255

-40.69

i 2012 2011 n -2.78 2012 m

the 2 342 920 0 a 1 l 2

r c M F P D (36). (36). minors to as 2004 and 2011 in and (145) females to as 2011 in was record highest the years ten last the In the province of Ancona (13). Ancona of province the in recorded was deaths abuse drug of The number (12). highest 2003 in record lowest the and 2012 in cases) was (26 record highest the years ten last the In level. national at amount total the of 6.67% to equal 26, to amounted deaths abuse Drug deaths e r e 10 15 i h 120 160 o 0 5 m n a 10 20 30 40 10 15 20 25 30 40 80 v 0 0 5 t o 0 a i h e r n l s s e c

Ancona s 2003 2003 2003 - - i 126

12 22

t t - l e e

n n t d e - i - 2004 2004 n 2004 s y y 118 14 36 t e - e r y a a i Ascoli Piceno e b r r a

t t 2005 2005 2005 r r r t 19 23 96

i 2 e e t o r n n n e d d n

( 2006 2006 2006 d 112 2 21 26 0 1 2 Fermo 2007 2007 2007 ) 100 25 32 1 2008 2008 2008 108 19 28 Macerata 2009 2009 2009 108 7 17 31 2010 2010 2010 23 30 84 Pesaro Urbino 2011 2011 2011 3 145 13 36

2012 2012 2012

26 35 86

nents onte c ar ne on rt pa The provinces

Provincial incidence rates compared with national data pa rt on e

PU 18.81% 1.68% 18.70% AN 39.32% 88.71% 39.57% c onte nts

MC 20.51% FM 5.09% 7.29% 19.46% 2.08% 8.59%

AP drug operations 14.07% 2.44% In 2012, the highest number of drug operations was 13.70% registered in the province of Ancona (232), followed by Macerata (121) and Pesaro-Urbino (111). The lowest number was registered in Fermo (43) and Legend Ascoli Piceno (83). Drug operations Drug seizures kg Persons reported to the J. A. drug seizures Also in the field of drug seizures in 2012 the province of Ancona (with a total of 840 kg) stood out among the other provinces, followed by Macerata with 48 kg and Ascoli Piceno with 23 kg. persons reported to the judicial authority In comparison with 2011 increases in seizures In 2012, the same as for drug operations and seizures were registered in the provinces of Ascoli Piceno the province of Ancona held the record (364 persons (140.06%) and Ancona (34.10%). reported), followed by Macerata (179), Pesaro- Decreases were registered in the other provinces. Urbino (172) Ascoli Piceno (126) and Fermo (79).

marche In comparison with 2011 the number of reports has The crime of conspiracy to drug trafficking was significantly increased in the province of Fermo registered only in the province of Ancona (63), equal e on rt pa (23.44%), while decreases were registered in the to 17.31% of the persons reported in that province. other provinces.

General table AN AP FM MC PU

Drug operations Operations No. 232 83 43 121 111

rug seizures D nts onte c Cocaine kg 4.77 2.16 1.13 1.94 3.73

Heroin kg 2.66 1.55 6.99 1.45 0.20

Hashish kg 29.17 0.87 11.36 25.63 7.34

Marijuana kg 783.57 18.48 0.03 18.62 4.64

Cannabis plants Plants 123 14 32 40 23

kg 20.03 0.02 - 0.59 0.03 Synthetic drugs No. 2 2 - - 31

kg 0.05 - 0.15 - - Other drugs No. 21 - - - 63

kg 840.24 23.08 19.66 48.22 15.93

Total No. 23 2 0 0 94

Plants 123 14 32 40 23

persons reported to the judicial authority

Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art.73) 301 126 79 179 172 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.4) 63 - - - - Other offences - - - - - Country Italy 228 79 35 128 108 other countries 136 47 44 51 64 Age of age 343 123 78 173 168 minors 21 3 1 6 4 Gender males 329 116 70 161 158 females 35 10 9 18 14 Total 364 126 79 179 172

marche Lazio

Regional incidence rates compared with national data % pa rt on e 12.99

D s r u on g operati % % 13.11 10.95

P .

e A r . c onte nts s o J D n e r g s th u g s k rep to seizure orted Legend Other regions region lazio drug operations In 2012 2,956 drug operations were carried out, with The largest quantity was seized in Pomezia (Roma) an increase of 2.75% in comparison with the previous in July and amounted to 1,500 kg of hashish. year. In the reporting year, as compared with 2011, the The last ten years have held the two highest ( 3,343 in seizures of cannabis plants, marijuana, cocaine and 2008 and 3,007 in 2007) and the two lowest records synthetic drugs (in tablets and/or doses) increased, (2,362 in 2010 and 2,486 in 2003). while the seizures of all the other substances decreased. Ten-year trend of the operations Drug seizures 2012 4,000 3,454 % variation 3,007 2,846 2,877 2,956 2012 3,000 2,714 2,659 2011 2,486 2,526 2,372 Cocaine kg 644.27 50.54 2,000 Heroin kg 21.70 -37.82 1,000 Hashish kg 2,174.32 -58.56 Marijuana kg 2,543.02 67.79 0 Cannabis plants plants 5,269 83.72 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 kg 22.14 36.79 Synthetic drugs No. drug seizures 2,867 46.57 kg 86.20 -87.92 In 2012 the regional drug seizures represented Other drugs No. 1,942 38.02 12.10% (cocaine), 2.28% (heroin), 9.93% ( hashish), kg 5,491.66 -30.97 11.83% (marijuana) and 33.45% ( synthetic drugs) of Total No. 4,809 43.00 the overall amount seized at national level. Plants 5,269 83.72 Ten-year trend Cannabis plants number

The following graphs show the last ten-year trend e on rt pa of the seizures by type of drug. The largest seizures 8,000

occurred in the following years: 2003 (heroin, 6,000 5,269 4,147 242 kg); 2003 cocaine (1,262 kg), 2008 hashish 4,000 2,868 2,827 2,630 2,528 2,317 1,935 1,734 (5,486kg); 2012 marijuana (2,543kg); 2006 synthetic 2,000 530 drugs (58,597 tablets). 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Synthetic drugs number

Cocaine kg 80,000 2,000 58,597 60,000

1,500 1,262.33 40,000 19,217

830.81 20,000

1,000 758.48 724.17 721.01 nents onte c

644.27 3,680 3,964 3,050 621.04 916 754 2,311 1,956 2,867 542.78 427.98 425.12 0 500 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012 4,584 persons were reported to the Judicial

Heroin kg Authority for drug-related offences, with an increase of 8.24% in comparison with the year before and 300 242.36 equal to 13.11% of the total domestic amount. 200 91.47% of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking

82.21 81.97 and 8.53% conspiracy to drug trafficking. 100 59.61 66.01 35.10 34.90 11.99 17.07 21.70 0 Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 % variation 2012 2011

Hashish kg Type of offence 8,000 Illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 4,193 7.16 5,486.08 6,000 5,247.49 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 391 21.43 4,187.53

4,000 3,194.45 Other offences - - - 2,344.29 2,186.69 2,174.32

2,000 1,035.23 641.59

582.73 Country 0 Italy 3,142 11.34 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 other countries 1,442 2.05 Age Marijuana kg of age 4,449 9.34

minors 135 -18.67

3,000 2,543.02 Gender

2,000 1,515.61 males 4,152 6.54

1,000 520.36 426.33 370.26 336.04 294.65 258.19 161.39 51.39 females 432 27.81 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 4,584 8.24

lazio In the last ten years the highest number of reports In the last ten years the highest record was in 2009 was in 2012 (4,584), followed by 2011 (4,219) while as to females (433) and in 2011 as to minors (166). the lowest number was in 2003 (3,029), followed by 2005 (3,158). Females - ten-year trend

500 438 410 432 380 Persons - ten-year trend 400 352 367 356 320 339 338 300 pa rt on e

200 4,584

5,000 4,235 4,071 4,043 3,897 100 3,443 4,000 3,343 3,226 3,157 3,029 0 3,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2,000 1,000 Minors - ten-year trend 0 200 166 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 147 150 136 134 135 119 111 93 101 100 100 foreign nationals reported to the judicial authority 50 The foreign nationals involved in drug trafficking 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 amounted to 1,442, equal to 11.79% of the foreigners c onte nts reported at national level. deaths The foreign nationals involved were mainly from Drug abuse deaths amounted to 51, equal to 13.08% Morocco and Albania. of the total amount at national level. The reports for illicit drug trafficking amounted to In the last ten years the highest record was in 2005 93.90%. (130 cases) and the lowest record in 2011 (41 In the last ten years the highest record was in 2012 cases). The highest number of drug abuse deaths was with 1,442 persons reported. recorded in the province of Rome (35).

Foreigners - ten-year trend Deaths - ten-year trend

1,750 150 1,442

1,413 130 1,500 1,226

1,150 112 1,138 1,250 1,098 125 106 105 993 932

898 95 1,000 895 100 87 87 750 72 75 500 51 41 250 50 0 25 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Females and minors reported to the judicial authority In 2012, 432 females and 135 minors were reported, Provincial distribution (2012)

40 equal to 14.51% and 10.69% of the females and 35

minors reported at national level. 30

Females and minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 20

Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other % variation Total 10 6 (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences 2011 4 5 1 Females 360 72 432 27.81 0 Frosinone Latina Rieti Roma Viterbo Minors 135 135 -18.67

lazio The provinces ar ne on rt pa

Provincial incidence rates compared with national data

VT 5.68% RI 1.27% nts onte c 2.74% 8.60% 0.11% 2.51%

RM 79.43% 93.26% 75.83%

FR 3.32% 3.84% 3.71% drug operations LT In 2012, the highest number of drug operations was 8.83% 1.52% registered in the province of Rome (2,348), followed 9.36% by Latina (261). The lowest numbers were registered in Rieti ( 81) and Frosinone (98). In comparison with 2011, there was a significant increase in the number of operations carried out in Legend the provinces of Rieti and Rome. Decreases were Drug operations Drug seizures kg registered in the other provinces except for Viterbo. Persons reported to the J. A. drug seizures Also in the field of drug seizures in 2012 the province of Rome (with a total of 5,121.46 kg) stood out In comparison with 2011 significant increases in among the other provinces, followed by Frosinone terms of percentage were registered in the provinces with 210.96 kg. of Frosinone (1,013.32%) and Latina (210.33%). Rieti (6.06 kg) and Viterbo (69,84kg) held the lowest A decrease was registered in the province of Rome records. (34.74%).

lazio persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012, the same as for drug operations and seizures In comparison with 2011 the number of reports the province of Rome held the record (3,476 persons decreased in the provinces of Frosinone (17.07%), reported), followed by Latina (429) and Viterbo while increased in all the other provinces. (394). The crime of conspiracy to drug trafficking was The lowest number of persons reported was registered registered mainly in the province of Rome (343) and in the provinces of Rieti ( 115) and Frosinone (170). Latina (37). pa rt on e

General table RM FR LT RI VT

Drug operations Operations No. 2,348 98 261 81 168

Drug seizures Cocaine kg 615.51 3.28 18.54 0.37 6.58

Heroin kg 21.10 0.10 0.18 0.20 0.13

Hashish kg 2,085.10 65.91 17.32 2.32 3.68

Marijuana kg 2,291.66 141.48 47.25 3.17 59.45 c onte nts Cannabis plants Plants 1,866 202 2,192 127 882

kg 22.11 - 0.02 0.01 0.01 Synthetic drugs No. 2,769 1 - 59 38

kg 85.99 0.20 0.01 - 0.01 Other drugs No. 1,332 161 102 17 330

kg 5,121.47 210.96 83.32 6.06 69.85

Total No. 4,101 162 102 76 368

Plants 1,866 202 2,192 127 882

persons reported to the judicial authority

Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art.73) 3,133 159 392 115 394 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 343 11 37 - - Other offences - - - - - Country Italy 2,211 156 381 95 299 other countries 1,265 14 48 20 95 Age of age 3,372 166 415 109 387 minors 104 4 14 6 7 Gender males 3,167 154 383 98 350 females 309 16 46 17 44 Total 3,476 170 429 115 394

lazio Abruzzo e on rt pa Regional incidence rates compared with national data

% 2.27

D s r u on g operati nents onte c

% % 0.48 2.84

P .

e A r s . o J n e D g s h Legend ru k re o t g se ures p orted t iz Other regions region abruzzo drug operations In 2012 517 drug operations were carried out, with The largest quantity was seized in Chieti in August an increase of 3.40% in comparison with the previous and amounted to 49 kg of marijuana. year. In the reporting year, as compared with 2011, the The last ten years have held the two highest (586 in seizures of heroin decreased while the seizures of all 2008 and 585 in 2009) and the two lowest records the other substances increased. (401 in 2004 and 410 in 2003). Drug seizures 2012 Ten-year trend of the operations % variation 2012 800 2011 586 585 538 539 600 500 517 451 Cocaine kg 18.50 75.37 410 401 415 400 Heroin kg 30.52 -13.67

kg 200 Hashish 73.66 75.24 Marijuana kg 115.63 239.58 0 plants 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Cannabis plants 752 46.88 kg 0.13 21.36 Synthetic drugs drug seizures No. 226 1,030.00 In 2012 the regional drug seizures represented 0.35% kg 1.20 120,200.00 Other drugs (cocaine), 3.21% (heroin), 0.34% ( hashish), 0.54% No. 91 -95.66 (marijuana) and 0.99% ( synthetic drugs in tablets kg 239.64 96.27 and/or doses) of the overall amount seized at national Total No. 317 -85.04 level. Plants 752 46.88 Ten-year trend The following graphs show the last ten-year trend Cannabis plants number of the seizures by type of drug. The largest seizures 1,000 881 occurred in the following years: 2006 (heroin, 134 752 750 538 512 kg); 2005 cocaine (157 kg), 2009 hashish (123kg); 426 500 363 370 2012 marijuana ( 115 kg); 2005 synthetic drugs 264 246 250 63 pa rt on e (1,417 tablets). 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Synthetic drugs number

Cocaine kg 2,000 1,417 250 1,500 1,264 200 974

157.62 1,000 150 472 500 324 226 100 25 1 34 20

43.23 0 29.39

50 18.50 15.09 14.19 12.81 11.31 11.31 10.55 4.35 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012 994 persons were reported to the Judicial c onte nts Heroin kg Authority for drug-related offences, with a slight 200 decrease of 7.88% in comparison with the year

150 134.01 before and equal to 2.84% of the total domestic 100.24 100 86.00 amount. 85.91% of the reports concerned illicit drug 67.59 56.86 60.85 40.58 50 31.76 35.36 30.52 trafficking and 14.09% conspiracy to drug trafficking.

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 % variation 2012 2011

Hashish kg Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 854 -7.38 200 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 140 -10.83

150 123.92 115.71 115.71 Other offences - - - 73.66 100 72.37 51.13 49.31 42.03 41.56 36.59

50 22.34 Country 0 Italy 701 -15.13 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 other countries 293 15.81 Age Marijuana kg of age 972 -7.60 150 115.63 minors 22 -18.52 100 Gender

43.14 50 37.29 35.00 34.05 males 846 -6.21 21.71 21.33 13.55 1.12 3.46 females 148 -16.38 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 994 -7.88

abruzzo In the last ten years the highest number of reports was In the last ten years the highest record was in 2008

in 2009 (1,113), followed by 2008 (1,110) while the as to females (209) and in 2005 as to minors (34). e on rt pa lowest number was in 2003 (682), followed by 2004 (821). Females - ten-year trend

300 Persons - ten-year trend 207 209 191 177 200 161 144 157 148 1,500 129 85 1,047 1,110 1,113 1,079 100 950 994 1,000 821 839 857 682 0 500 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0 Minors - ten-year trend 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 60 nents onte c foreign nationals reported to the judicial 40 34 33 33 27 authority 24 25 20 22 19 17 The foreign nationals involved in drug trafficking 20 amounted to 293, equal to 2.40% of the foreigners 0 reported at national level. 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 The foreign nationals involved were mainly from Morocco and Albania. deaths The reports for illicit drug trafficking amounted to Drug abuse deaths amounted to 6, equal to 1.54% of 66.21%. the total amount at national level. In the last ten years the highest record was in 2012 In the last ten years the highest record was in 2008 with 293 persons reported. (20 cases) and the lowest record in 2003 (5 cases). Drug abuse deaths were recorded in the provinces Foreigners - ten-year trend of Teramo, Aquila and Pescara (2), while no deaths

400 were reported in the province of Chieti. 293 300 253 203 208 Deaths - ten-year trend 200 159 167 124 87 87 104 25 100 20 20 0 15 11 11 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 10 10 10 8 8 5 6 6 5 Females and minors reported to the 0 judicial authority 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 In 2012, 148 females and 22 minors were reported, equal to 4.97% and 1.74% of the females and minors Provincial distribution (2012) reported at national level. 4 3 Females and minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 2 2 2 2 Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other % variation Total (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences 2011 1 0 Females 121 27 - 148 -16.38 0 Minors 22 - - 22 -18.52 Aquila Chieti Pescara Teramo

abruzzo The provinces

Provincial incidence rates compared with national data pa rt on e

TE 27.27% 13.89% 27.57%

PE 28.63% 15.93% 26.56% c onte nts

CH AQ 19.34% 61.63% 24.76% 24.75 8.55% % 21.13%

drug operations In 2012, the highest number of drug operations was registered in the province of Pescara with a total Legend of 148 operations, followed by Teramo (141) and Drug operations L’Aquila (128). Drug seizures kg Persons reported to the J. A. The lowest number was registered in Chieti ( 100). In comparison with 2011, there was an increase in the number of operations carried out in the provinces of L’Aquila (16.36%) and Teramo (12.80%). Teramo (33.29 kg) and L’Aquila (20.49kg) held the Decreases were registered in the provinces of Pescara lowest records. (8.64%) and Chieti (2.91%). In comparison with 2011 significant increases in terms of percentage were registered in the provinces drug seizures of Chieti (370.43%), L’Aquila (30.89%) and Teramo In the field of drug seizures in 2012 the province of (21.10%). Chieti (with a total of 147.68 kg) stood out among the Decreases were registered in the province of Pescara other provinces, followed by Pescara with 38.17 kg. (19.74%).

abruzzo persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012 the province of Teramo held the record (274 Remarkable decreases were registered in the provinces persons reported), followed by Pescara (264), Chieti of Pescara (33.67%) and L’Aquila (35.38%). e on rt pa (246) and L’Aquila (210). The crime of conspiracy to drug trafficking was In comparison with 2011 the number of reports registered in the province of Teramo (104), L’Aquila increased in the provinces of Teramo (65.06%) and (22), Pescara (12) and Chieti (2). Chieti (29.47%).

General table AQ CH PE TE

Drug operations Operations No. 128 100 148 141

rug seizures D nts onte c Cocaine kg 2.12 1.08 6.40 8.91

Heroin kg 0.13 22.81 0.90 6.68

Hashish kg 14.20 20.19 27.17 12.09

Marijuana kg 4.05 102.40 3.59 5.60

Cannabis plants Plants 62 139 393 158

kg - - 0.12 0.01 Synthetic drugs No. - - - 226

kg - 1.20 - - Other drugs No. - 8 75 8

kg 20.49 147.68 38.17 33.29

Total No. 0 8 75 234

Plants 62 139 393 158

persons reported to the judicial authority

Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art.73) 188 244 252 170 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 22 2 12 104 Other offences - - - - Country Italy 124 212 210 155 other countries 86 34 54 119 Age of age 208 243 257 264 minors 2 3 7 10 Gender male 190 211 223 222 female 20 35 41 52 Total 210 246 264 274

abruzzo Molise Regional incidence rates compared with national data

pa rt on e % 0.50

D s r u on g operati

% % 0.02 0.49

P .

e A c onte nts r s . o J n e D g s th ru k re o Legend g seizures p orted t Other regions region molise DRUG OPERATIONS In 2012 113 drug operations were carried out, with In the reporting year, as compared with 2011, the an increase of 2.73% in comparison with the previous seizures of cocaine and marijuana increased while year. the seizures of all the other substances decreased. The last ten years have held the two highest (145 in 2005 and 133 in 2010) and the two lowest records (68 Drug seizures 2012

in 2003 and 70 in 2008). % variation 2012 2011 Ten-year trend of the operations 160 145 Cocaine kg 0.33 50.00 133 116 113 120 105 110 Heroin kg 0.26 -34.26 99 94

80 68 70 Hashish kg 7.14 -14.13

40 Marijuana kg 4.25 915.27

0 Cannabis plants plants 19 -85.71 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 kg 0.02 0.00 Synthetic drugs drug seizures No. - -100.00 In 2012 the regional drug seizures represented 0.01% kg - - - (cocaine), 0.03% (heroin), 0.03% ( hashish), 0.02% Other drugs No. 37 362.50 (marijuana) and 0.03% ( synthetic drugs by weight) kg 12.01 28.13 of the overall amount seized at national level. The largest quantity was seized in Campomarino in Total No. 37 311.11 July and amounted to 3.2 kg of marijuana. Plants 19 -85.71 Ten-year trend Cannabis plants number

The following graphs show the last ten-year trend e on rt pa

of the seizures by type of drug. The largest seizures 250 194 occurred in the following years: 2003 (heroin, 74 200 kg); 2004 cocaine (42 kg), 2010 hashish (31.78 kg); 150 133 100 63 54 63 2005 marijuana ( 5.70 kg); 2003 synthetic drugs (567 36 43 50 29 19 19 tablets). 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Synthetic drugs number Cocaine kg 60 800 567 548 42.88 600

40 400 310 267 200 133 20 25 0 38 1 0 nts onte c 0 0.32 1.31 0.26 0.35 0.71 0.42 0.18 0.22 0.33 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012 170 persons were reported to the Judicial Heroin kg Authority for drug-related offences, with a decrease 100 of 31.17% in comparison with the year before and 74.00 70.11 75 equal to 0.49% of the total domestic amount. The

50 reports concerned only illicit drug trafficking.

25 12.88 0.14 0.05 0.07 0.12 0.27 0.39 0.26 0 Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 % variation 2012 2011

Hashish kg Type of offence

40 Illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 170 -24.78 31.78 30 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) - -100.00

20 15.33 Other offences - - - 11.84 8.65 8.32 10 5.70 7.14 Country 3.96 5.16 3.40 0 Italy 164 -30.21 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 other countries 6 -50.00 Age Marijuana kg of age 166 -30.83 10 minors 4 -42.86 8

6 4.74 Gender 4.25 4 2.30 males 145 -30.95 1.43 2 1.23 1.09 1.35 0.10 0.49 0.42 females 25 -32.43 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 170 -31.17

molise In the last ten years the highest number of reports In the last ten years the highest record was in 2011 as was in 2005 (344), followed by 2011 (247) while the to females (37) and in 2005 and 2007 as to minors lowest number was in 2008 (123), followed by 2007 (14). (138). Females - ten-year trend

37 Persons - ten-year trend 40 34 29 30 25 pa rt on e 600 21 16 17 20 14 12 400 344 9 10 247 213 211 168 179 166 170 200 138 123 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Minors - ten-year trend

15 14 14 foreign nationals reported to the judicial authority 10 7 7 7 6 The foreign nationals involved in drug trafficking 4 4 5 3 3 amounted to 6, equal to 0.05% of the foreigners reported at national level. 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 c onte nts The foreign nationals involved were mainly from Morocco and Albania. deaths The reports for illicit drug trafficking amounted to Drug abuse deaths amounted to 1, equal to 0.26% of 100%. the total amount at national level. In the last ten years the highest record was in 2004 In the last ten years the highest record was in 2004 with 36 persons reported. and 2008 (5cases) and the lowest record in 2007 and 2012 (1 case). The only case of drug abuse death Foreigners - ten-year trend was recorded in the province of Campobasso.

40 36 Deaths - ten-year trend 30 23 6 19 5 5 20 14 12

11 11 4 9

6 6 4 10 3 3 3

0 2 2 2 2 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1 1

0 Females and minors reported to the 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 judicial authority In 2012, 25 females and 4 minors were reported, equal to 0.84% and 0.32% of the females and minors reported at national level.

Females and minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012

Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other % variation Total (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences 2011 Females 25 - - 25 -32.43 Minors 4 - - 4 -42.86

molise The provinces ar ne on rt pa

Provincial incidence rates compared with national data nents onte c

CB 72.57% 83.70% 69.41%

IS 27.43% 16.30% 30.59%

drug operations In 2012, the highest number of drug operations was registered in the province of Campobasso (82), Legend Drug operations followed by Isernia (31). Drug seizures kg In comparison with 2011, there was an increase in Persons reported to the J. A. the number of operations carried out in the province of Campobasso (30.16%) while a decrease was registered in Isernia (34.04%)

In comparison with 2011, although low quantities drug seizures Also in the field of drug seizures in 2012 the province were involved, significant increases in terms of of Campobasso (with a total of 10.05 kg) stood out percentage were registered in the provinces of from Isernia (1.96 kg). Campobasso (35.35%) and Isernia (0.57%).

molise persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012, the province of Campobasso held the In comparison with 2011 the number of reports record (118 persons reported) of the reports for drug decreased in the provinces of Isernia (58.40%) and violations, followed by Isernia (52). Campobasso (3.28%).

General table pa rt on e CB IS

Drug operations

Operations No. 82 31

Drug seizures

Cocaine kg 0.26 0.07

Heroin kg 0.09 0.17

Hashish kg 5.66 1.48

Marijuana kg 4.01 0.25

Cannabis plants Plants 19 -

c onte nts kg 0.02 - Synthetic drugs No. - -

kg - - Other drugs No. 37 -

kg 10.05 1.96

Total No. 37 0

Plants 19 0

persons reported to the judicial authority

Type of offence

Illicit trafficking (Art.73) 118 52

Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) - -

Other offences - -

Country

Italy 113 51

other countries 5 1

Age

of age 115 51

minors 3 1

Gender

males 106 39

females 12 13

Total 118 52

molise ampania C e on rt pa Regional incidence rates compared with national data

10.29

D s r u on g operati % %

9.84 nts onte c 6.19

P .

e A r s . o J D n e g s th ru s k re to g seizure p orted Legend Other regions region campania drug operations In 2012, 2,341 drug operations were carried out, with The largest quantity was seized in Angri (Salerno) in a slight increase of 3.31% in comparison with the May and amounted to 1,220 kg of hashish. previous year. In the reporting year, as compared with 2011, the The last ten years have held the two highest (2,341 in seizures of synthetic drugs (tablets and/or doses), 2012 and 2,311in 2010) and the two lowest records cannabis plants, cocaine and heroin increased while (1,680 in 2003 and 1,891 in 2004). the seizures of heroin slightly decreased.

Drug seizures 2012 Ten-year trend of the operations % variation 3,000 2012 2,261 2,311 2,266 2,341 2011 2,097 2,149 2,235 2,118 1,891 2,000 1,680 Cocaine kg 386.25 382.67 Heroin kg 57.57 -0.70 1,000 Hashish kg 2,167.39 150.55 Marijuana kg 470.28 7.08 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Cannabis plants plants 14,348 31.96 kg 0.28 -69.80 Synthetic drugs drug seizures No. 15,118 20,329.73 In 2012, the regional drug seizures represented 7.26% kg 23.00 43.10 Other drugs (cocaine), 6.05% (heroin), 9.90% (hashish), 2.19% No. 42 -94.45 (marijuana) and 66.52% (synthetic drugs in tablets kg 3,104.77 112.77 and/or doses) of the overall amount seized at national Total No. 15,160 1,724.31 level. Plants 14,348 31.96 Ten-year trend The following graphs show the last ten-year trend Cannabis plants number of the seizures by type of drug. The largest seizures

occurred in the last decade: 2004 (heroin, 122 kg); 40,000 35,693 2007 cocaine (914 kg), 2009 hashish (4,247kg); 2010 30,000 25,923 17,886 15,639 15,308

20,000 14,348 marijuana ( 537 kg); 2003 synthetic drugs (51,393 10,873 5,535

10,000 4,174 2,672 pa rt on e tablets). 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Cocaine kg Synthetic drugs number

80,000

1,000 914.98 813.46 60,000 51,393 750 40,000 30,256 462.33 400.37 500 386.25 18,916 15,118 290.99 20,000 8,071 240.62 218.45 2,701

168.06 1,108 1,101 250 56 74 80.02 0 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012, 3,441 persons were reported to the Judicial c onte nts Authority for drug-related offences, with a decrease Heroin kg of 4.66% in comparison with the year before and 200 equal to 9.84% of the total domestic amount. 89.91% 150 122.63 99.77 of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking and 100 80.05 76.42 55.80 49.84 48.25 57.98 57.57 10.09% conspiracy to drug trafficking. 50 33.70

0 Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 % variation 2012 2011

Hashish kg Type of offence 8,000 Illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 3,094 -5.06

6,000 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 347 -0.86 4,247.79 4,000 Other offences 0 - - 2,575.35 2,286.64 2,167.39 1,786.22 1,403.35 2,000 1,296.77 865.05

639.14 Country 542.00 0 Italy 3,126 -6.32 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 other countries 315 15.81 Age Marijuana kg of age 3,314 -5.37

minors 127 18.69 1,000

750 Gender 535.05 493.17 492.02 488.33 470.28 500 439.18 303.43 males 3,049 -5.10 235.61 231.94 250 198.50 females 392 -1.01 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 3,441 -4.66

campania In the last ten years the highest number of reports In the last ten years the highest record was in 2010 as

was in 2010 (4,015), followed by 2007 (3,797) while to females (450) and in 2010 and 2012 as to minors e on rt pa the lowest number was in 2003 (2,540), followed by (127). 2004 (2,925). Females - ten-year trend

Persons - ten-year trend 500 450 418 396 390 378 372 392 400 297 320 300 252

5,000 200 4,015 3,797 3,720 3,616 3,609 3,441 3,350 4,000 3,276 100 2,925

3,000 2,540 0 2,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1,000 Minors - ten-year trend 0

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 150 127 127 119 113 107 nts onte c 102 102 98 102 foreign nationals reported to the judicial 100 79 authority 50 In Campania, in 2012 the foreign nationals involved in drug trafficking amounted to 315, equal to 2.58% 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 of the foreigners reported at national level. The foreign nationals involved were mainly from deaths Morocco and Tunisia. Drug abuse deaths amounted to 69, equal to 17.69% The reports for illicit drug trafficking amounted to of the total amount at national level. 87.94%. In the last ten years the highest record was in 2004 In the last ten years the highest record was in 2006 (127cases) and the lowest record in 2010 (51 cases). with 373 persons reported and the lowest in 2004 The highest number of drug abuse deaths was with 230 persons reported. recorded in the province of Naples (42). Foreigners - ten-year trend Deaths - ten-year trend 373 372 400 360 341 315 309 287 282 300 272 150 127 230 116 112 200 103 100 87 71 71 69 100 61 51 0 50 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0 Females and minors reported to the 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 judicial authority In 2012, 392 females and 127 minors were reported, Provincial distribution (2012) equal to 13.16% and 10.06% of the females and 60 minors reported at national level. 42 40 Females and minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012

Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other % variation 20 Total 10 (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences 2011 7 8 2 Females 344 48 - 392 -1.01 0 Avellino Benevento Caserta Napoli Salerno Minors 119 8 - 127 18.69

campania The provinces

Provincial incidence rates compared with national data pa rt on e

CE BN 6.96% 2.65% 4.96% 0.39% 8.37% 2.91%

AV 1.50% 0.12% NA 1.39% 74.41% 48.48% 70.65% c onte nts

SA 14.48% 46.04% 16.68%

drug operations In 2012, the highest number of drug operations was registered in the province of Naples (1,742), followed by Salerno (339). The lowest number was registered in Avellino (35) and Benevento (62).

In comparison with 2011, there was an increase in the Legend number of operations carried out in the provinces of Drug operations Salerno, Benevento and Caserta. Drug seizures kg Persons reported to the J. A. In the other provinces a decrease was noticed.

DRUG SEIZURES Also in the field of drug seizures in 2012 the province In comparison with 2011 significant increases in of Naples (with a total of 1,505 kg) stood out among terms of percentage were registered in the provinces the other provinces, followed by Salerno with 1,429 of Salerno (662.04%), Caserta (533.28%), Benevento kg. (45.84%) and Naples (22.02%). Avellino (3.62 kg) and Benevento (12.26 kg) held the Decreases were registered in the province of Avellino lowest records. (30.39%).

campania persons reported to the judicial authority

In 2012, the same as for drug operations and seizures increased in the provinces of Benevento (43.93%), e on rt pa the province of Naples held the record (2,431 persons Caserta (20.50%) and Salerno (9.54%). reported), followed by Salerno (574) and Caserta Decreases were registered in the provinces of Avellino (288). (35.14%) and Naples (10.06%). The lowest number of persons reported was registered The crime of conspiracy to drug trafficking was in the province of Avellino ( 48) and Benevento (100). mainly registered in the provinces of Naples (227), In comparison with 2011 the number of reports Caserta (58) and Salerno (57).

General table NA AV BN CE SA

Drug operations nts onte c Operations No. 1,742 35 62 163 339 Drug seizures Cocaine kg 297.08 0.33 0.31 84.77 3.75 Heroin kg 50.05 0.01 0.10 7.14 0.28 Hashish kg 846.73 1.53 9.96 47.09 1,262.08 Marijuana kg 288.27 1.73 1.88 15.13 163.27 Cannabis plants Plants 5,495 45 99 900 7,809 kg 0.20 0.02 - - 0.07 Synthetic drugs No. 15,114 - - - 4 kg 23.00 - - - - Other drugs No. 20 - - - 22 kg 1,505.32 3.62 12.26 154.13 1,429.45 Total No. 15,134 0 0 0 26 Plants 5,495 45 99 900 7,809

persons reported to the judicial authority

Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art.73) 2,204 48 95 230 517 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 227 - 5 58 57 Other offences - - - - - Country Italy 2,217 48 97 227 537 other countries 214 - 3 61 37 Age of age 2,329 48 95 284 558 minors 102 - 5 4 16 Gender males 2,150 47 90 255 507 females 281 1 10 33 67 Total 2,431 48 100 288 574

campania Puglia Regional incidence rates compared with national data

pa rt on e 7.02

D s r u on g operati % % 7.43 25.61

P .

e A r . s J c onte nts o e D g ns h ru k re o t g seizures p orted t Legend Other regions region puglia drug operations in 2012, 1,596 drug operations were carried out, with at national level (4,000,000 in Avetrana/Taranto in a decrease of 1.18% in comparison with the previous July). year. The largest quantity was seized off the coasts of The last ten years have held the two highest (1,615 Brindisi in March and amounted to 1,700 kg of in 2011 and 1,596 in the reporting year) and the two marijuana. lowest records (1,093 in 2004 and 1,130 in 2003). In the reporting year, as compared with 2011, Ten-year trend of the operations an increase in the seizures of all substances was 2,000 registered. 1,615 1,596 1,449 1,378 1,304 1,382 1,500 1,207 Drug seizures 2012 1,130 1,093 1,142 % variation 1,000 2012 2011 500 Cocaine kg 36.63 121.31

0 Heroin kg 124.08 35.92 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Hashish kg 442.98 97.71 Marijuana kg 12,220.46 188.79 drug seizures Cannabis plants plants 4,002,644 34,201.52 in 2012, the regional drug seizures represented kg 0.83 219.16 0.69% (cocaine), 13.05% (heroin), 2.02% (hashish), Synthetic drugs No. 235 634.38 56.85% (marijuana) and 1.03% (synthetic drugs - kg 18.12 -70.65 Other drugs tablets and/or doses) of the overall amount seized at No. 4,736 56.05 national level. In 2012, a strong increase of cannabis kg 12,843.10 177.66 plants seizures (4,002,644 plants) was registered: Total No. 4,971 62.08 this represents 97.09% of the overall amount seized Plants 4,002,644 34,201.52 Ten-year trend Cannabis plants number

The following graphs show the last ten-year trend e on rt pa of the seizures by type of drug. The largest seizures 5,000,000

occurred in the last decade: 2003 (heroin, 538 kg); 4,002,644 4,000,000 2006 cocaine (105 kg), 2005 hashish (1,288 kg); 2012 3,000,000 marijuana ( 12,220 kg); 2003 synthetic drugs (23,577 2,000,000 1,000,000 102,617 25,113 25,113 23,277 795 11,669 11,669 9,320 4,452 1,821 1,726 tablets), 2012 4,002,644 cannabis plants. 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Synthetic drugs number

Cocaine kg 30,000 200 23,577 20,000 16,932

105.24 10,000 7,076 100 835 887 245 204 77 32 235 nts onte c 55.55 52.53 50.93 46.38

39.90 0 36.63 23.27 16.55

13.93 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012, 2,597 persons were reported to the Judicial Authority for drug-related offences, with an increase Heroin kg of 2.81% in comparison with the year before and 600 538.99 equal to 7.43% of the total domestic amount. 400 82.29% of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking 188.72 183.20 and 17.71% conspiracy to drug trafficking. 200 142.06 124.08 95.37 91.63 100.06 91.29 34.81 0 Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 % variation 2012 2011

Hashish kg Type of offence Illicit trafficking(Art. 73) 2,137 2.74

Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 460 3.37 1,500 1,288.72

1,000 Other offences - -100.00 662.63 442.98

301.18 Country 500 224.06 220.16 191.36 134.76 120.44 115.40 115.40 0 Italy 2,395 5.60 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 other countries 202 -21.71

age Marijuana kg of age 2,495 3.18

minors 102 -5.56 15,000 12,220.46 12,201.64 gender 10,000

4,231.64 males 2,354 1.51 3,137.09 2,936.66

5,000 2,527.16 1,056.79 936.81 562.24 343.50 females 243 17.39 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 2,597 2.81

puglia In the last ten years the highest number of reports In the last ten years the highest record was in 2012 was in 2010 (2,629), followed by 2006 (2,611) while as to females (243) and in 2005 as to minors (127). the lowest number was in 2009 (1,961), followed by Females - ten-year trend 2008 (2,056). 300 Persons - ten-year trend 243 207 197 191 201 195 200 166 153 140 145 pa rt on e 2,629 2,611 2,611 3,000 2,597 2,597 2,526 2,435 2,355 100 2,135 2,056 1,961 2,000 0 1,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Minors - ten-year trend

foreign nationals reported to the judicial 150 127 102 108 102 authority 91 100 85 83 75 82 In Puglia, in 2012 the foreign nationals involved in 74 drug trafficking amounted to 202, equal to 1.65% of 50

the foreigners reported at national level. 0 The foreign nationals involved were mainly from 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 c onte nts Albania; in fact, they represent more than 53.46% of deaths the foreign nationals in this region. Drug abuse deaths amounted to 3, equal to 0.77% of The reports for illicit drug trafficking amounted to the total amount at national level. 80.69%. In the last ten years the highest record was in 2008 (20 In the last ten years the highest record was in 2011 cases) and the lowest record in 2012 (3 cases). The with 258 persons reported and the lowest in 2008 highest number of drug abuse deaths was recorded in with 106 persons reported. the province of Foggia (2). No cases were registered Foreigners - ten-year trend in the provinces of Bari, Barletta-Andria-Trani, Brindisi and Lecce. 300 258 250 209 202

192 Deaths - ten-year trend 190 200 151 147 146 30 106 100 19 20 20 17 18 17 15 15 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 10 8 5 3

Females and minors reported to the 0 judicial authority 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 In 2012, 243 females and 102 minors were reported, Provincial distribution (2012) equal to 8.16% and 8.08% of the females and minors 4 reported at national level. 3

2 Females and minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 2 Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other % variation 1 Total (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences 2011 1 0 0 0 0 Females 184 59 - 243 17.39 0 Bari Barletta - Andria Brindisi Foggia Lecce Taranto Minors 102 - - 102 -5.56 Trani

puglia The provinces ar ne on rt pa Provincial incidence rates compared with national data

FG 11.09% 14.69% 15.75% nents onte c

BT 9.84% 2.13% BA 8.09% 28.88% 40.48% 27.45%

BR 10.65% TA 34.19% 16.98% 11.94% 1.28% 18.29% drug operations LE 22.56% In 2012, the highest number of drug operations was 7.23% registered in the province of Bari (461), followed by 18.48% Lecce (360). The lowest number was registered in the provinces of Barletta-Andria-Trani (157) and Brindisi (170). In comparison with 2011, there was a significant increase in the number of operations carried out in Legend the provinces of Brindisi and Lecce. Drug operations Drug seizures kg In the other provinces a decrease was noticed. Persons reported to the J. A. drug seizures Also in the field of drug seizures in 2012 the province In comparison with 2011 significant increases in of Bari (with a total of 5,198 kg) stood out among the terms of percentage were registered in the provinces other provinces, followed by Brindisi with 4,391 kg, of Foggia (1,031.86%), Brindisi (560.27%) and Foggia with 1,886 kg and Lecce 929 kg . Lecce (147.21%). Taranto (164 kg) and Barletta-Andria-Trani (273 kg) Decreases were registered in the province of Barletta- held the lowest records. Andria-Trani (42.51%).

puglia persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012, the province of Bari held the record (713 Foggia (29.43%) and Barletta-Andria-Trani (11.70%). persons reported), followed by Lecce (480) and Decreases were registered in the provinces of Lecce Taranto (475). (18.78%), Taranto (7.59%) and Bari (0.97%). The lowest number of persons reported was registered The crime of conspiracy to drug trafficking was in the province of Foggia (409), Brindisi (310) and mainly reported in the provinces of Bari (128), pa rt on e Barletta-Andria-Trani (210). Taranto (118), Lecce (84), Brindisi (71) and Foggia In comparison with 2011 the number of reports (59). increased in the provinces of Brindisi (57.36%),

General table BA BR BT FG LE TA

Drug operations Operations No. 461 170 157 177 360 271 Drug seizures Cocaine kg 10.12 13.11 0.57 5.16 1.35 6.32 Heroin kg 73.45 1.49 0.04 7.71 5.66 35.73 c onte nts Hashish kg 62.50 1.24 88.98 169.31 6.95 114.00 Marijuana kg 5,052.44 4,357.37 183.81 1,703.94 914.44 8.46 Cannabis plants Plants 293 647 166 1,115 347 4,000,076 kg 0.17 - - - 0.60 0.05 Synthetic drugs No. 66 - - - 60 109 kg 0.01 18.00 - - 0.05 0.06 Other drugs No. 3,882 846 - 1 5 2 kg 5,198.69 4,391.21 273.40 1,886.13 929.05 164.63 Total No. 3,948 846 0 1 65 111 Plants 293 647 166 1,115 347 4,000,076

persons reported to the judicial authority

Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art.73) 585 239 210 350 396 357 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 128 71 - 59 84 118 Other offences ------Country Italy 613 281 203 391 454 453 other countries 100 29 7 18 26 22 Age of age 686 302 202 398 448 459 minors 27 8 8 11 32 16 Gender males 649 286 200 368 431 420 females 64 24 10 41 49 55 Total 713 310 210 409 480 475

puglia Basilicata e on rt pa

Regional incidence rates compared with national data

% 0.68

D s r u on g operati nents onte c

% % 0.33 0.88

P .

e A r s . o J n e D g s h Legend ru k re o t g se ures p orted t iz Other regions region basilicata drug operations In 2012, 154 drug operations were carried out, with In the reporting year, as compared with 2011, an an increase of 7.69% in comparison with the previous increase in the seizures of cocaine and heroin was year. registered. As to all the other substances a decrease The last ten years have held the two highest (194 in was registered. 2010 and 176 in 2009) and the two lowest records ( 85 in 2004 and 99 in 2005). Drug seizures 2012 % variation Ten-year trend of the operations 2012 2011 250 194 200 176 Cocaine kg 6.26 1,344.57 143 154 150 124 121 Heroin kg 0.69 10.38 99 103 108 85 100 Hashish kg 97.55 -15.12 50 Marijuana kg 60.78 -5.79 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Cannabis plants plants 191 -53.53 kg - - - drug seizures Synthetic drugs No. - -100.00 In 2012, the regional drug seizures represented kg - -100.00 0.12% (cocaine), 0.07% (heroin), 0.45% (hashish) Other drugs No. 16 and 0.28% (marijuana) of the overall amount seized -80.95 kg at national level. 165.28 -8.46 The largest quantity was seized in Bernalda (Matera) Total No. 16 -91.06 in October and amounted to 36 kg of hashish. Plants 191 -53.53 Ten-year trend The following graphs show the last ten-year trend Cannabis plants number

of the seizures by type of drug. The largest seizures 1,500 1,268 occurred in the last decade: 2009 (heroin, 2.24 kg); 1,063 1,000 2012 cocaine (6.26 kg), 2011 hashish (114.92 kg); 433 2004 marijuana ( 116.25 kg); 2003 synthetic drugs 500 411 204 246 191 92 107 89 pa rt on e (111 tablets). 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Cocaine kg Synthetic drugs number 9 150 111 6.26 95 6 100

50 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0.68 0.77 0.25 0.13 0.37 0.21 0.26 0.34 0.43 0 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012, 307 persons were reported to the Judicial c onte nts Authority for drug-related offences, with an increase Heroin kg of 24.80% in comparison with the year before and 4 equal to 0.88% of the total domestic amount. 3 2.24 77.20% of the reports concerned illicit drug 2 trafficking. 0.93 0.63 0.69 1 0.50 0.40 0.49 0.10 0.06 0.21 0 Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 % variation 2012 2011

Hashish kg Type of offence 150 Illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 237 0.85 114.92 97.55 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 70 900.00 100 67.67 Other offences 0 -100.00 50 27.68 26.68 Country 3.51 4.29 5.88 4.26 8.22 0 Italy 290 21.85 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 foreigners 17 112.50 Age Marijuana kg of age 294 21.99 150 116.25 minors 13 160.00 100 Gender 65.21 64.52 60.78 50 males 288 28.57

0.84 0.58 1.72 1.84 0.69 2.98 females 19 -13.64 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 307 24.80

basilicata In the last ten years the highest number of reports In the last ten years the highest record was in 2009 as

was in 2009 (351), followed by 2010 (322) while the to females (31) and in 2012 as to minors (13). e on rt pa lowest number was in 2005 (164), followed by 2006 (176). Females - ten-year trend

40 Persons - ten-year trend 31 30 22 600 18 19 20 15 14 15 12 9 10 400 351 3 316 322 307 246 0 236 218 212 176 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 200 164

Minors - ten-year trend 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 15 13

12 nts onte c 10 10 9 7 foreign nationals reported to the judicial 6 5 5 5 5 authority 5 In Puglia, in 2012 the foreign nationals involved in 0 drug trafficking amounted to 17, equal to 0.14% of 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 the foreigners reported at national level. The reports for illicit drug trafficking amounted to deaths 64.70%. Only one case of drug abuse death, equal to 0.26% of In the last ten years the highest record was in 2012 the total amount at national level was registered. with 17 persons reported. In the last ten years the highest record was in 2006 (7 cases) and the lowest record in 2007, 2010 and Foreigners - ten-year trend 2012 (1 case). The only case of drug abuse death was recorded in the province of Potenza (1). 20 17 14 Deaths - ten-year trend 10 10

10 8 8 7 5 4

3 6 2

1 6 0 4 4 3 3 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2 2 2 1 1 1

Females and minors reported to the 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 judicial authority In 2012, 19 females and 13 minors were reported, equal to 0.64% and 1.03% of the females and minors reported at national level.

Females and minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012

Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other % variation Total (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences 2011 Females 15 4 - 19 -13.64 Minors 11 2 - 13 160.00

basilicata The provinces

Provincial incidence rates compared with national data pa rt on e

PT 62.99% 57.93% 44.30% MT c onte nts 37.01% 42.07% 55.70%

drug operations Legend In 2012, the highest number of drug operations was Drug operations registered in the province of Potenza (97), followed Drug seizures kg by Matera (57). Persons reported to the J. A. In comparison with 2011, there was a percentage increase in the number of operations carried out in In comparison with 2011 significant increases in the province of Potenza (14.12%). terms of percentage were registered in the province In the province of Matera a decrease was noticed of Matera (962.10%), while a decrease was registered (1.72%). in the province of Potenza (44.98%).

drug seizures persons reported to the judicial authority Also in the field of drug seizures in 2012 the province In 2012 the province of Matera held this record (171 of Potenza (with a total of 95.75 kg) stood out if persons reported), followed by Potenza (136). compared to Matera (69.54 kg).

basilicata In comparison with 2011 the number of reports The crime of conspiracy to drug trafficking was increased in the province of Matera (90%). mainly registered in the province of Matera (66), A decrease was registered in the province of Potenza which stood out if compared to Potenza (4). e on rt pa (12.82%).

General table MT PZ

Drug operations

Operations No. 57 97

Drug seizures

Cocaine kg 0.42 5.83

Heroin kg 0.55 0.15 nts onte c

Hashish kg 36.64 60.91

Marijuana kg 31.92 28.86

Cannabis plants Plants 80 111

kg - - Synthetic drugs No. - -

kg - - Other drugs No. 8 8

kg 69.54 95.75

Total No. 8 8

Plants 80 111

persons reported to the judicial authority

Type of offence

Illicit trafficking (Art.73) 105 132

Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 66 4

Other offences - -

Country

Italy 163 127 other countries 8 9

Age of age 164 130 minors 7 6

Gender males 162 126 females 9 10

Total 171 136

basilicata Calabria Regional incidence rates compared with national data

% pa rt on e 2.60

D s r u on g operati % % 5.45 2.65

P .

e A r . s J c onte nts o e D g ns h ru k re o t g seizures p orted t Legend Other regions region calabria drug operations In 2012, 591 drug operations were carried out, with a In the reporting year, as compared with 2011, the decrease of 10.99% in comparison with the previous seizures of cocaine, hashish, marijuana, synthetic year. drugs and cannabis plants remarkably increased The last ten years have held the two highest (725 in while the heroin seizures decreased. 2008 and 698 in 2009) and the two lowest records (497 in 2005 and 541 in 2003). Drug seizures 2012

Ten-year trend of the operations % variation 2012 1,000 2011

725 698 750 650 664 574 578 612 591 Cocaine kg 2,130.61 93.62 541 497 500 Heroin kg 3.46 -6.89

250 Hashish kg 221.27 402.66

0 Marijuana kg 377.34 109.12 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Cannabis plants plants 51,921 31.94 drug seizures kg 0.53 7,400.00 In 2012, the regional drug seizures represented Synthetic drugs No. - - - 40.02% (cocaine), 0.36% (heroin), 1.01% (hashish) kg 0.00 -100.00 and 1.75% (marijuana) of the overall amount seized Other drugs No. 54 -76.62 at national level. The largest quantity was seized at the Port of Gioia kg 2,733.21 105.58 Tauro (Reggio Calabria) in June and amounted to Total No. 54 -76.62 622.37 kg of cocaine. Plants 51,921 31.94 Ten-year trend Cannabis plants number

The following graphs show the last ten-year trend e on rt pa of the seizures by type of drug. The largest seizures 300,000 249,666 occurred in the following years: 2009 (heroin, 16 250,000 kg); 2012 cocaine (2,130 kg), 2009 hashish (247 kg); 200,000 150,000 89,699

100,000 59,892 55,090

2009 marijuana ( 1,382 kg); 2008 synthetic drugs 51,921 48,143 47,894 41,876 39,353

50,000 8,619 (908 tablets). 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Cocaine kg Synthetic drugs number 2,500 1,000 908

2,000 2,130.61 750

1,500 1,204.26

1,100.40 500 307

1,000 777.87 194 250 108 494.48

75 nts onte c

387.53 35 8 500 0 0 0

109.90 0 28.30 12.06 11.09 11.09 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012, 926 persons were reported to the Judicial Heroin kg Authority for drug-related offences, with a decrease

20 of 22.70% in comparison with the year before and 16.72 equal to 2.64% of the total domestic amount. 10.51 8.94 76.24% of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking 10 8.38 5.14 and 23.76% conspiracy to drug trafficking. 4.41 3.72 3.46 2.42 0.44 0 Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 % variation 2012 2011

Hashish kg Type of offence 400 Illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 706 -17.43

247.24 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 220 -35.86 221.27 194.98 200 Other offences - - - 112.63 112.63 62.62 55.15 44.02 39.24 37.29 34.60 Country 0 Italy 866 -24.63 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Gender 60 22.45 Age Marijuana kg of age 901 -23.51

1,382.76 minors 25 25.00 1,500 Gender 1,000

491.62 males 853 -22.88 500 377.34 214.14 180.45 93.06 88.43 78.35 67.97 60.02 females 73 -20.65 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 926 -22.70

calabria In the last ten years the highest number of reports was In the last ten years the highest record was in 2004 as in 2007 (1,328), followed by 2004 (1,296) while the to females (110) and in 2008 as to minors (32). lowest number was in 2005 (900), followed by 2003 (914). Females - ten-year trend

Persons - ten-year trend 150 110 106 92 pa rt on e 90 89 100 81 78 72 73 1,328

1,296 66 1,500 1,292 1,198 1,179 1,111 1,111 1,061 50 926 914 1,000 900

0 500 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Minors - ten-year trend

40 32 foreign nationals reported to the judicial 27 28 30 25 authority 19 20 19 20 20 17 In Calabria, in 2012 the foreign nationals involved in 14 drug trafficking amounted to 60, equal to 0.49% of 10 the foreigners reported at national level. 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

c onte nts The foreign nationals involved were mainly from Morocco and Spain. deaths The reports for illicit drug trafficking amounted to Drug abuse deaths amounted to 2 subjects, equal to 65%. 0.51% of the total amount at national level. In the last ten years the highest record was in 2004 In the last ten years the highest record was in 2005 with 100 persons reported, while the lowest one was (23cases) and the lowest record in 2012 (2 cases). in 2005 with 32 persons. These two cases occurred in the province of Cosenza.

Foreigners - ten-year trend Deaths - ten-year trend

100 23 100 75

71 20 66

75 60 58 14

53 13 49 11 11 50 44 32 10 8 7 7 5 25 2

0 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Females and minors reported to the Provincial distribution (2012) judicial authority 3 In 2012, 73 females and 25 minors were reported, 2 2 equal to 2.45% and 1.98% of the females and minors reported at national level. 1

0 0 0 0 Females and minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 0 Catanzaro Cosenza Crotone Reggio Vibo Valentia Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other % variation Total Calabria (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences 2011 Females 43 30 - 73 -20.65 Minors 25 - - 25 25.00

calabria The provinces ar ne on rt pa Provincial incidence rates compared with national data

CS 34.69% 4.71%

32.72% nts onte c

KR 13.71% 2.06% 12.20%

CZ 21.66% 4.21% 33.15%

VV 3.72% 0.41% 2.70 % Legend Drug operations Drug seizures kg Persons reported to the J. A. RC 26.23% 88.61% 19.22%

drug seizures drug operations In the field of drug seizures in 2012, the province of In 2012, the highest number of drug operations was Reggio Calabria (with a total of 2,421.85 kg - mainly registered in the province of Cosenza (205), followed resulting from the cocaine seizures carried out at the by Reggio Calabria (155). Port of Gioia Tauro for a total quantity of 2,116.95) The lowest number was registered in Vibo Valentia stood out among the other provinces, followed by (22) and Crotone (81). Cosenza with 128.79 kg. In comparison with 2011, there was a significant Vibo Valentia (11.20 kg) and Crotone (56.44 kg) held increase in the number of operations carried out in the lowest records. the province of Crotone (113.16%). In comparison with 2011 significant increases in The most remarkable decreases were registered in terms of percentage were registered in the provinces the provinces of Vibo Valentia (51.11%), Reggio of Crotone (636.14%), Catanzaro (226.18% and Vibo Calabria (23.27%) and Cosenza (22.64%). Valentia (121.30%).

calabria persons reported to the judicial authority Remarkable decreases were registered in the provinces In 2012 the province of Catanzaro held the record of Vibo Valentia (78.99%), Reggio Calabria (36.43%) (307 persons reported), followed by Cosenza (303). and Cosenza (25%). The lowest number of persons reported was registered The crime of conspiracy to drug trafficking was in the province of Vibo Valentia (25) and Crotone registered in the provinces of Catanzaro (175) and (113). Reggio Calabria (25). pa rt on e In comparison with 2011 the number of reports increased in the provinces of Crotone (13%) and Catanzaro (4.07%).

General table RC CS CZ KR VV

Drug operations Operations No. 155 205 128 81 22 Drug seizures Cocaine kg 2,128.11 0.89 1.49 0.04 0.08 Heroin kg 0.00 3.13 0.03 0.29 0.01 c onte nts Hashish kg 0.29 108.72 101.26 5.21 5.79 Marijuana kg 293.37 16.05 11.70 50.91 5.32 Cannabis plants Plants 12,351 1,174 1,949 35,354 1,093 kg 0.07 - 0.45 - - Synthetic drugs No. - - - - - kg - - - - - Other drugs No. - 50 - 4 - kg 2,421.85 128.79 114.93 56.44 11.20 Total No. 0 50 0 4 0 Plants 12,351 1,174 1,949 35,354 1,093

persons reported to the judicial authority

Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art.73) 153 303 132 93 25 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 25 - 175 20 - Other offences - - - - - Country Italy 170 288 279 105 24 other countries 8 15 28 8 1 Age of age 175 294 299 108 25 minors 3 9 8 5 0 Gender males 171 283 272 103 24 females 7 20 35 10 1 Total 178 303 307 113 25

calabria Sicilia e on rt pa

Regional incidence rates compared with national data

% 7.10

D s r u on g operati nents onte c % % 5.97 8.26

P .

e A r s . o J n e D g s h Legend ru k re o t g se ures p orted t iz Other regions region sicilia drug operations In 2012, 1,615 drug operations were carried out, with The largest quantity was seized in Augusta (Siracusa) a slight decrease of 1.10% in comparison with the in October and amounted to 1,421 kg of marijuana. previous year. In the reporting year, as compared with 2011, The last ten years have held the two highest (1,642 in the seizures of marijuana, hashish and synthetic 2010 and 1,628 in 2011) and the two lowest records drugs increased while the seizures of all the other (1,036 in 2007 and 1,208 in 2005). substances decreased.

Ten-year trend of the operations Drug seizures 2012 2,500 % variation 2,000 2012 1,642 1,633 1,615

1,541 2011 1,360 1,316 1,248 1,219 1,500 1,208

1,036 Cocaine kg 37.65 -11.02 1,000 Heroin kg 1.34 -83.90 500 Hashish kg 821.85 55.22 0 Marijuana kg 2,133.30 657.34 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Cannabis plants plants 24,887 -97.31 kg 1.30 3,511.11 drug seizures Synthetic drugs No. 15 -86.73 In 2012, the regional drug seizures represented 0.71% kg 0.40 -87.29 (cocaine), 0.14% (heroin), 3.75% (hashish), 9.92% Other drugs No. 163 -88.61 (marijuana) and 0.07% (synthetic drugs, in tablets kg 2,995.84 246.35 and/or doses) of the overall amount seized at national Total No. 178 -88.47 level. Plants 24,887 -97.31 Ten-year trend The following graphs show the last ten-year trend Cannabis plants number of the seizures by type of drug. The largest seizures

occurred in the following years: 2007 (heroin, 26 1,434,496 1,500,000

kg); 2008 cocaine (94 kg), 2005 hashish (4,911kg); 925,936 1,000,000

2012 marijuana ( 2,133 kg); 2004 synthetic drugs 500,000 27,160 24,887 23,482 20,670 10,073 7,217 6,939 6,411 6,411 pa rt on e (6,114 tablets). 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Synthetic drugs number Cocaine kg 10,000 8,178 7,500 150 6,114 4,389 4,419 5,000 94.34 100 2,716 73.23 68.16 2,500 1,790 1,786

48.39 734 42.31 41.96 40.80 113 37.65 15

50 30.85 23.73 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012 2,887 persons were reported to the Judicial c onte nts Authority for drug-related offences, with a decrease Heroin kg of 5.75% in comparison with the year before and 40 equal to 8.26% of the total domestic amount. 79.53% 30 26.52 of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking and 20 16.73 20.47% conspiracy to drug trafficking. 8.35 7.92 7.68 10 6.55 2.83 2.65 2.15 1.34 0 Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 % variation 2012 2011

Hashish kg Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 2,296 -14.77 6,000 4,911.71 4,911.71 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 591 60.16 4,024.54 4,000 Other offences - - -

2,000 947.38 821.85 Country 529.46 509.82 485.34 360.66 322.66 311.34 311.34 0 Italy 2,624 -2.13 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 other countries 263 -31.15 Age Marijuana kg of age 2,761 -5.28

2,500 2,133.30 minors 126 -14.86 2,000

1,335.82 Gender 1,500 1,012.45

1,000 722.91 males 2,687 -5.15 540.18 507.79 409.43 500 281.69 98.03 65.75 females 200 -13.04 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 2,887 -5.75

sicilia In the last ten years the highest number of reports In the last ten years the highest record was in 2011

was in 2011 (3,056), followed by 2012 (2,887) while both for females and for minors. e on rt pa the lowest number was in 2008 (2,304), followed by Females - ten-year trend 2007 (2,375). 300 Persons - ten-year trend 230 199 206 200 200 178 174 146 162 4,000 139 124 3,063 2,887 2,840 2,826 2,672 2,625 2,604 100

3,000 2,475 2,375 2,304

2,000 0 1,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Minors - ten-year trend

200 148 foreign nationals reported to the judicial 138 150 131 130 132 126 authority 106 109 83 nts onte c In Sicilia, in 2012 the foreign nationals involved in 100 71 drug trafficking amounted to 263, with a decrease of 50 31.15% with respect to 2011, equal to 2.15% of the 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 foreigners reported at national level. The foreign nationals involved were mainly from deaths Tunisia and Colombia. Drug abuse deaths amounted to 16, equal to 4.10% of The reports for illicit drug trafficking amounted to the total amount at national level. 69.20%. In the last ten years the highest record was in 2008 In the last ten years the highest record was in 2011 (31cases) and the lowest record in 2011 (12 cases). with 382 persons reported and the lowest in 2005 The highest number of drug abuse deaths was with 102 subjects. recorded in the province of Messina (5) while no deaths were reported in the provinces of Agrigento, Foreigners - ten-year trend Caltanissetta and Enna. 500 Deaths - ten-year trend 382 400

263 50 300 197 180 175 40

200 136 31 133 132 113 113 102 30 24 26 25 100 20 21 22 17 20 16 0 12 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 10 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Females and minors reported to the judicial authority Provincial distribution (2012) In 2012, 200 females and 126 minors were reported, 8 equal to 6.72% and 9.98% of the females and minors 6 5 4 reported at national level. 4 2 2 2 Females and minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 2 1 0 0 0 Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other % variation 0 Total (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences 2011

Enna Ragusa Females 150 50 200 -13.04 Catania Messina Palermo Siracusa Trapani Agrigento Minors 125 1 126 -14.86 Caltanissetta

sicilia The provinces

Provincial incidence rates compared with national data

pa rt on e ME 11.02% 4.35% 10.36%

PA TP 23.03% 6.56% 32.47% 0.32% 20.54% CT 5.54% 32.45% 8.89% 33.84% EN CL AG 2.72% 2.79% 0.17% 6.69% 1.00% 2.49% 0.34% 3.98% 8.00% c onte nts

SR 9.16% 48.59% drug operations 8.73%

In 2012, the highest number of drug operations was RG registered in the province of Catania (524), followed 5.57% 3.87% by Palermo (372). 6.51% The lowest number was registered in Enna (44) and Caltanissetta (45). In comparison with 2011, there was a significant increase in the number of operations carried out in the provinces of Caltanissetta (28.57%), Siracusa (25.42%), Ragusa (25%), Messina (8.54%) and Enna Legend (2.33%). Drug operations Drug seizures kg The most remarkable decreases were registered in the Persons reported to the J. A. provinces of Trapani (9.40%), Agrigento (9.24%), Catania (8.23%) and Palermo (5.58%).

drug seizures In comparison with 2011 significant increases in In the field of drug seizures in 2012, the province of terms of percentage were registered in the provinces Siracusa (with a total of 1,455 kg) stood out among of Siracusa (1,559.04%), Ragusa (863.31%), the other provinces, followed by Palermo with 972 Caltanissetta (425.57%), Enna (265.54%), Palermo kg. (45.72%), Messina (47.52%) and Catania (39.83%). Enna (5.20 kg) and Trapani (9.46 kg) held the lowest Decreases were registered in the provinces of Trapani records. (86.88%) and Agrigento (10.15%).

sicilia persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012 the province of Catania held the record Decreases were registered in the province of Palermo (977 persons reported), followed by Palermo (593), (30.72%). e on rt pa Messina (299) and Siracusa (252). The crime of conspiracy to drug trafficking was The lowest number of persons reported was registered registered in the provinces of Catania (304), Palermo in the province of Enna (72) and Caltanissetta (115). (70), Messina (57) and Agrigento (51). In comparison with 2011 the number of reports increased in the provinces of Siracusa (29.23%). General table PA AG CL CT EN ME RG SR TP

Drug operations Operations No. 372 108 45 524 44 178 90 148 106

rug seizures D nts onte c Cocaine kg 9.84 0.19 0.24 19.27 0.02 6.80 0.09 0.72 0.48

Heroin kg 0.50 0.01 0.12 0.16 - 0.03 0.34 0.08 0.12

Hashish kg 694.18 9.07 29.35 0.65 1.85 62.99 3.80 19.08 0.88

Marijuana kg 267.94 0.93 0.16 246.11 3.30 60.61 110.62 1,435.66 7.99

Cannabis plants Plants 6,843 765 597 2,125 228 411 10,243 696 2,979

kg 0.01 - - - - - 1.15 0.14 - Synthetic drugs No. 13 - - - 1 1 - - -

kg 0.27 - - - 0.03 0.01 - 0.10 - Other drugs No. - 4 108 - 27 22 2 - -

kg 972.74 10.19 29.86 266.19 5.20 130.43 116.00 1,455.77 9.46

Total No. 13 4 108 0 28 23 2 0 0

Plants 6,843 765 597 2,125 228 411 10,243 696 2,979

persons reported to the judicial authority

Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art.73) 523 180 78 673 72 242 153 215 160 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 70 51 37 304 0 57 35 37 - Other offences ------Country Italy 535 219 101 906 71 286 120 234 152 other countries 58 12 14 71 1 13 68 18 8 Age of age 581 226 108 926 65 284 177 240 154 minors 12 5 7 51 7 15 11 12 6 Gender males 550 216 111 913 71 272 176 233 145 females 43 15 4 64 1 27 12 19 15 Total 593 231 115 977 72 299 188 252 160

sicilia Sardegna

Regional incidence rates compared with national data

pa rt on e % 3.17

D s r u on g operati

% % 0.95 2.91

P .

e A c onte nts r s . o J n e D g s th ru k re o Legend g seizures p orted t Other regions region sardegna drug operations In 2012, 720 drug operations were carried out, with The largest quantity was seized in Cagliari in a decrease of 3.16% in comparison with the previous December and amounted to 74 kg of hashish. year. In the reporting year, as compared with 2011, the The last ten years have held the two highest (965 in seizures of cannabis plants, marijuana and synthetic 2006 and 931 in 2007) and the two lowest records drugs increased while the seizures of all the other (483 in 2003 and 632 in 2004). substances decreased.

Ten-year trend of the operations Drug seizures 2012

965 931 % variation 1,000 860 2012 816 777 801 2011 742 720 750 632 Cocaine kg 14.30 -97.27 483 500 Heroin kg 2.17 -82.88 Hashish kg 293.27 250 -34.02 Marijuana kg 164.89 29.13 0 Cannabis plants plants 6,071 98.20 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 kg 0.33 16.31 Synthetic drugs No. 560 286.21 drug seizures kg 2.74 1,298.47 Other drugs In 2012, the regional drug seizures represented No. 5,510 1,569.70 0.27% (cocaine), 0.23% (heroin), 1.34% (hashish), kg 477.70 -56.95 0.77% (marijuana) and 0.50% (synthetic drugs) of Total No. 6,070 1,177.89 the overall amount seized at national level. Plants 6,071 98.20 Ten-year trend Cannabis plants number

The following graphs show the last ten-year trend e on rt pa of the seizures by type of drug. The largest seizures 8,000 occurred in the following years: 2007 (heroin, 15.82 6,071 6,000 5,084 kg); 2011 cocaine (524 kg), 2003 hashish (1,363kg); 4,234 3,885 4,000 2,719 2,798 3,063 2,204 2012 marijuana ( 164.89 kg); 2004 synthetic drugs 2,000 1,241 1,445

(27,785 tablets). 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Synthetic drugs number 50,000 Cocaine kg 40,000 27,785 30,000 27,678 600 524.23 20,000 400

10,000 4,616 2,532 2,379 nents onte c 1,566 560 473 296 145 200 0 76.03 67.94 52.43 44.01 42.15 29.05 27.58

21.21 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 14.30 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012 1,016 persons were reported to the Judicial Authority for drug-related offences, with a decrease Heroin kg of 14.48% in comparison with the year before and 20 15.82 equal to 2.90% of the total domestic amount. 15 13.41 13.17 13.62 12.65 91.14% of the reports concerned illicit drug trafficking

10 7.63 6.45 6.74 and 8.86% conspiracy to drug trafficking. 4.89 5 2.17

0 Persons reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 % variation 2012 2011 Hashish kg Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 926 -12.97

1,500 1,363.89

1,092.71 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 90 -27.42 1,000 Other offences - - - 534.09 516.11 516.11 444.50 378.07

500 293.27 185.38 158.34

111.55 111.55 Country 0 Italy 916 -13.42 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 other countries 100 -23.08 Age Marijuana kg of age 955 -16.01 200 164.89 minors 61 19.61 150 127.70 Gender 100 75.83 45.94 males 929 -15.55 32.65 40.54 50 19.28 24.81 19.45 11.42 females 87 -1.14 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 1,016 -14.48

sardegna In the last ten years the highest number of reports was In the last ten years the highest record was in 2006 as in 2006 (1,567), followed by 2007 (1,412) while the to females (141) and in 2005 as to minors (63). lowest number was in 2003 (755), followed by 2004 (993). Females - ten-year trend

141 Persons - ten-year trend 150 129 111 112 111 102 100 88 87 pa rt on e 2,000 76 1,567 53 1,412 1,500 1,310 1,282 50 1,179 1,151 1,188 993 1,016 1,000 755 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 500

0 Minors - ten-year trend 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 80 60 63 60 61 foreign nationals reported to the judicial 60 51 40 36 38 authority 40 35 33

In Sardegna, in 2012 the foreign nationals involved 20

in drug trafficking amounted to 100, equal to 0.82% 0 of the foreigners reported at national level. 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 c onte nts The foreign nationals involved were mainly from Morocco and Spain. deaths The reports for illicit drug trafficking amounted to Drug abuse deaths amounted to 20, equal to 5.13% of 73%. the total amount at national level. In the last ten years the highest record was in 2011 In the last ten years the highest record was in 2004 with 130 persons reported and the lowest one in 2003 (33cases) and the lowest record in 2011 (13 cases). with 34 persons. The highest number of drug abuse deaths was recorded in the province of Cagliari (13) while no Foreigners - ten-year trend deaths were reported in the province of Nuoro.

150 130 120 120 100 Deaths - ten-year trend 100 79 63 65 40 60 54 33 28 50 34 30 19 21 20 20 16 17 0 15 15 13 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 10

Females and minors reported to the 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 judicial authority In 2012, 87 females and 61 minors were reported, equal to 2.92% and 4.83% of the females and minors Provincial distribution (2012) 16 reported at national level. 13 12 Females and minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2012 8 6 Illicit trafficking Conspiracy to Other % variation Total 4 (Art.73) trafficking (Art.74) offences 2011 1 0 0 Females 78 9 - 87 -1.14 Cagliari Nuoro Oristano Sassari Minors 61 - - 61 19.61

sardegna The provinces ar ne on rt pa Provincial incidence rates compared with national data

SS 38.33% 69.25% 36.71% nents onte c

NU OR 8.47% 6.67% 1.37% 3.15% 8.56% 7.68%

CA 46.53% 26.22% 47.05%

Legend Drug operations Drug seizures kg Persons reported to the J. A. drug operations drug seizures In 2012, the highest number of drug operations was In the field of drug seizures in 2012 the province of registered in the province of Cagliari (335), followed Sassari (with a total of 330.81 kg) stood out among by Sassari (276). the other provinces, followed by Cagliari with 125.27 The lowest number was registered in Nuoro (61) and kg. Oristano (48). Nuoro (6.55 kg) and Oristano (15.07 kg) held the In comparison with 2011, there was a significant lowest records. increase in the number of operations carried out in the In comparison with 2011 significant increases in provinces of Oristano (17.07%) and Nuoro (12.96%). terms of percentage were registered in the province The most remarkable decreases were registered in the of Oristano (744.03%). provinces of Cagliari (0.89%) and Sassari (10.68%). Decreases were registered in the other provinces.

sardegna persons reported to the judicial authority In 2012, the province of Cagliari held the record (478 Decreases were registered in the provinces of Nuoro persons reported), followed by Sassari (373), Nuoro (3.33%), Cagliari (17.01%) and Sassari (16.55%). (87) and Oristano (78). The crime of conspiracy to drug trafficking was In comparison with 2011 the number of reports registered in the provinces of Cagliari (51) and slightly increased in the province of Oristano (4%). Oristano (24). pa rt on e

General table CA NU OR SS

Drug operations Operations No. 335 61 48 276

Drug seizures Cocaine kg 5.30 0.27 0.08 8.66

Heroin kg 0.14 - - 2.02

Hashish kg 95.04 0.11 2.36 195.75

Marijuana kg 22.19 6.17 12.61 123.92 c onte nts Cannabis plants Plants 1,380 1,466 143 3,082

kg - - 0.01 0.32 Synthetic drugs No. 59 - 8 493

kg 2.60 - - 0.14 Other drugs No. 5,412 - 1 97

kg 125.27 6.55 15.07 330.81

Total No. 5,471 0 9 590

Plants 1,380 1,466 143 3,082

persons reported to the judicial authority

Type of offence Illicit trafficking (Art.73) 427 81 54 364 Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) 51 6 24 9 Other offences - - - - Country Italy 451 86 62 317 other countries 27 1 16 56 Age of age 451 85 67 352 minors 27 2 11 21 Gender males 440 84 70 335 females 38 3 8 38 Total 478 87 78 373

sardegna ORGANIZED CRIME nents onte c

INTRODUCTION

ITALIAN ORGANIZED CRIME

FOREIGN ORGANIZED CRIME introduction Thanks to its crucial position in the Mediterranean Sea and to its peculiar geographical structure Also in the reporting year, an effective and targeted characterized by eight thousand kilometres of counter-narcotic strategy carried out by the Italian law enforcement agencies resulted in a global coasts, the Italian Peninsula represents one of the e on rt pa main gateways of drugs to the Old Continent, the increase of seizures (+24.17%). This result is highly most important heroin consumption market, second1 positive for different and important reasons: first of only to North America for cocaine. Besides these all, because a remarkable quantity of drugs did not geographical features Italy is also characterized by reach the national and foreign consumption markets well-known domestic criminal organizations, having since Italy is not only a final destination but often a widespread and deep-rooted links abroad, as well as transit area for drug activities. Secondly, the fiercest, a thorough control over their territory. This allows well-structured and qualified criminal networks them to manage international drug trafficking of huge controlling the most dangerous drug trafficking phase proportions as well as local domestic markets. – i.e., the border transit of huge quantities of drugs - Italy is an important crossroads of international drug could be identified and dismantled. Moreover, this operational strategy generates a higher economic loss

trades, especially as far as the maritime routes are nts onte c concerned. In 2012, its ports registered 89% of the for narco-traffickers, reducing the gain that the same drugs seized at borders, with an increase of 8 % with drugs have on the retail market and at the same time, respect to the previous year. limiting the profits of the traffickers belonging to the This trend is particularly characterized by hashish crime ring. and marijuana seizures that, at maritime borders, The following paragraphs show the remarkable represent the great majority of cannabinoids seized variations at regional level pertaining to the quantities at national level. of drug seized and the number of persons reported to The maritime borders played a predominant role also the Judicial Authority for violation of the Law No. for cocaine seizures, which until 2008 were mainly 309 of 1990. This heterogeneity is due to several carried out at international airports. In 2011 the factors: various border crossing areas, maritime ports prevalence of these seizures was equal to 83.61% and airports, extent of the territory and population while in 2012 amounted to 70.48%. density as well as Italian and foreign well-entrenched Seizures at borders criminal organizations. Then, the national status of drug trafficking will be 14.296,09 15.00015,000 14,296.09 outlined as follows: 11.513,35 11.513,35 11.352,38 11.352,38 11,352.38 11,513.35

10.00010,000 - Italian criminal organizations; 7.039,55 7,039.55 5.177,56 5,177.56 5.0005,000 - Foreign crime groups;

0 - Narcotic drug substances through descriptive 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 tables. In the last decade, the quantitative trend of domestic This report is based on territorial geo-reference of seizures has been fluctuating (with a variation from data concerning drug seizures, drug operations and 20,142.86 kg in 2010 to 41,172.07 kg in 2003), while number of persons reported to the Judicial Authority, an upward trend in absolute terms has been registered in particular under Art. 74 “Conspiracy to traffic in at borders, steadily increasing from 5,177.56 kg in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances” of the 2008 to 14,296.09 kg in 2012. Consolidating Act of Laws regulating narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, prevention, treatment and drug abuse rehabilitation. 1 The European market is more convenient both because the demand is continuously growing and for the reason that 1 kg of cocaine gives a return of $ 32,000 in Luxembourg, of $ 77,000 in UK against $ 27,000 in the U.S.A.. italian organized crime Last year, 3,372 persons were reported to the traditional regions of origin (Campania, Puglia, Judicial Authority in accordance with Art. 74 of Calabria and Sicilia) and in others (such as Lombardia the Presidential Decree No. 309 of 1990, thanks to and Lazio). the counter-narcotic efforts made by the Italian law In fact, in 2012, as in the previous years, in the four enforcement agencies. regions of Southern Italy: pa rt on e Persons reported to the J.A. for conspiracy to traffic in drugs - Almost the half of the national quantity of drugs and psychotropic substances (Art. 74) was seized (in weight) and 40.74% in doses (only

5,0005000 synthetic drugs) as well as almost the whole of

4,0004000 4,099 cannabis crops (99.30%); 4.099 3,0003000 3,223 3.3723,372 3.0753,075 3.223 2.8582,858 2,0002000 Seizures kg 1,0001000 Calabria 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Campania The upward trend started in 2008 was steady and in 2012 the above-mentioned reports increased by

4.62% with respect to the previous year, representing Puglia almost one-tenth of the total number of persons c onte nts reported for drug-related offences. In particular, the national scenario - resulting from Sicilia the analysis of the law enforcement activities and from the information classified and processed by the Direzione Centrale per i Servizi Antidroga – shows Seizures doses/tablets that also in 2012 domestic drug trafficking was mostly Calabria managed by the traditional local criminal syndicates.

The structure of the major drug trafficking crime Campania groups resembles a network system whose modus operandi does not always refer to well-defined operational patterns. It is based on often occasional

and temporary synergies and collaboration relations Puglia that are as dynamic and rapid as unusual and unexpected. Sicilia In details, the investigations into the major Italian Mafia-like criminal organizations (‘Ndrangheta, Seizures plants cannabis Cosa Nostra, Camorra and criminal groups based in the Puglia region), coordinated by the D.C.S.A. up Puglia to 31 December 2012 were 69 (+3% with respect to 2011). Data pertaining to the persons reported to the Judicial Authority for criminal conspiracy as well as to the

seizures have confirmed that Mafia-type criminal Sicilia Calabria organizations have long been active both in their Campania - 28.17% of the total of persons reported for drug- chain, these groups use a complex network of Italian related offences was registered, thus confirming and foreign brokers and intermediaries, located all the trend of the previous years; over Italy and abroad. ar ne on rt pa

Persons reported - Total According to investigations and intelligence

100% activities, the ‘Ndrangheta is one of the kingpins

75% in the world cocaine trafficking; in 2008, the US

50% Government included this criminal network in the 27.94% 28.17% 25.40% 26.30% 27.21% 25% Foreign Narcotics Kingpins Designation Act List,

0% identifying the major foreign narcotics organizations. In the last decades, the Calabrian criminal syndicates

Totale denunciati Totale denunciati Totale denunciati Totale denunciati Totale denunciati Totale have exploited the enormous licit trade activities of the Total reported Total reported Total Total reported Total reported Total reported Total

Puglia Sicilia Puglia Sicilia Gioia Tauro seaport (Reggio Calabria), transforming Puglia Sicilia Puglia Sicilia Puglia Sicilia Calabria Campania Puglia Sicilia Calabria Campania Puglia Sicilia Calabria Campania Puglia Sicilia Calabria Campania Puglia Sicilia Calabria Campania Puglia Sicilia Calabria Campania Calabria Campania Calabria Campania Calabria Campania Calabria Campania Italy in a strategic hub for cocaine trafficking in 20082008 20092009 20102010 20112011 20122012 Europe. The ‘Ndrangheta has increased close contacts

- About the half of the total domestic number of with drug trafficking groups of Central and South nts onte c persons reported to the Judicial Authority ex America as well as all previous collaborations with reported (A article 74 of the Presidential other foreign criminal rings and with major Italian ons rt s Calabria . er 74 P Campania ) Order No. 309 dating 1990, Mafia-like organizations. subdivided as follows: All this to confirm what described in the framework Puglia 17.53% in Sicilia (with an of previous investigations such as: increase of 60.16% with - Operation “Solare” in 2008. The investigation Sicilia respect to 2011), 13.64% in revealed that the clans located in the area of Reggio Puglia (+3.37%), 10.29% in Calabria and along the Ionian coast, formed strict Campania and 6.52% in Calabria. alliances in order to finance huge imports of Criminal conspiracy is the most serious offence cocaine and, through connections in USA, made reported in Southern Italy. For this reason most of agreements with the Mexican traffickers2 of the drug operations (27% in 2012 and 26.55% in 2011) “Gulf Cartel” for the cocaine supply destined for was carried out in this area. Europe and passing through Calabria; As you can see from the above-mentioned data, - Operation “Crimine 3”, in 2011 highlighted the the Calabrian organized crime operated outside its collaboration of the ‘Ndrangheta with a South boundaries more than the other criminal networks, American drug trafficking cartel as well as the except for the exploitation of the maritime commercial involvement of a Mafia family of Cosa Nostra. routes reaching the Port of Gioia Tauro (Reggio As to the reporting year, we would like to remind Calabria) with intent to international cocaine trade. operation “Dionisio” and “Revolution”, both With reference to the number of persons reported carried out in Lombardia and Calabria, having to the Judicial Authority for criminal conspiracy to important foreign connections in South American traffic in narcotic drugs, mention must be made of and North European Countries, above all in Lazio (1st place) and Lombardia (5th place). Ecuador and in the Netherlands. Moreover, the aforesaid regions registered 29% of 2 The Mexican Cartels are no more the intermediaries of the Colombian law enforcement activities and almost one-third of producers only: they are powerful transnational criminal organizations. According to the National Drug Intelligence Center, the Mexican Cartels the total of drugs seized. dominate distribution of cocaine in the United States, controlling 70% of However, data concerning Mafia-like criminal the drug market (the American department of State estimates that 90% of cocaine reaching the U.S.A. arrives from Colombia, through Mexico) and networks involvement in drug trafficking activities are are also penetrating the European market. These Cartels also distribute not comprehensive since in the long drug trafficking cannabis, methamphetamines and heroin in Mexico, which has become the second heroin world producing country, after Afghanistan. The international traffickers have preferably relations more and more effective response by the State and with the ‘Ndrangheta because of its structure, based the increased attention and rebellion of the civil on strong family ties, that makes them less vulnerable society against this phenomenon. to possible cooperation with the Judicial authorities As to the Camorra, investigative results have shown and, for this reason, much more reliable. that almost all the Campania clans are involved The Sicilian Mafia (Cosa Nostra) is strengthening in drug trafficking. They use their own supply pa rt on e its role in the vast drug trafficking field, especially channels and points of reference stationed in the cocaine. In fact, Sicilian kingpins are revitalizing drug producing, transit and storage countries. There, traditional contacts and channels which were once they act as intermediaries for the supply of the illicit used in order to rule the heroin smuggling bound for markets both in Italy and in other European countries. North America. The Campania-based Mafia utilizes the international In particular, complex counter-narcotic investigations maritime transport of its two regional ports of Naples coordinated by D.C.S.A. have revealed that members and Salerno for the importation of large quantities of of Cosa Nostra have made new alliances with South hashish and cocaine, as it was many times ascertained American networks. In 2012, in Sicilia 24 Colombian by investigations. nationals and in 2011, 49 Dominican nationals were In the drug sector, as in other illicit trafficking reported to the Judicial Authority for conspiracy to activities, the Puglia-based crime is a “service- traffic in cocaine (in 2011, 124 Dominican nationals providing organization” in favor of other criminal c onte nts were arrested in Sicilia under articles 73 and 74) . networks. It acts as an intermediary with the groups In the meantime, the Sicilian Mafia affiliates have also of Balkan origin or simply provides services and conducted their illicit activities with the ‘Ndrangheta logistic support in its own territory, often sharing in and the Camorra in order to exploit their well-rooted the profits. logistic-operational bases in South America, in the This is because Puglia is very close to the Balkan Iberian Peninsula and in Northern Europe, which are coasts, being an important crossroads for the the main drug trafficking sources and distribution transport of heroin and the marijuana with a high areas. active ingredient. Puglia ranked first for total amount We would like to point out that in 2012 Sicilia of seized drugs: it ranked first both for marijuana ranked first for the number of persons reported for (12,220.50 kg i.e. 56.85% of the overall amount conspiracy to trafficking in: at national level) and for cannabis plants detection − cocaine, with an increase of 78.51% in comparison (4,002,644 representing 97.09% of the overall amount with the previous year, representing alone one fifth at national level) and ranked second for heroin of the overall amount at national level; seizures (124.083 kg with an increase of 35.92% with − marijuana, with an yearly increase of 135%. respect to 2011). The renewed interest of the Sicilian groups in the The Puglia-based crime, having no unitary and defined international drug trafficking is due to several factors: hierarchical organization structure, is particularly − a strategy made of alliances and supremacy within dynamic, smooth and versatile in establishing - even the more and more delicate and unstable Cosa temporary - illicit business relations with both Italian Nostra balance, which was shaken by the numerous and foreign organizations looking for mere profit raids and arrests of top- level Mafia members made without any interest in permanent alliances. in the last years by Law enforcement agencies; Puglia ranked second (it ranked first in 2001) at − the need to guarantee profits. Extortions and national level for number of persons reported for contracts have a strong symbolic value for the conspiracy to drug trafficking. In particular, it Mafia power but they became too risky due to the remained the first one (like in 2011) among the heroin trafficking organizations , the third one among to traffic in drugs and psychotropic substances (Art.

the marijuana trafficking organizations(it was first in 74) was registered. e on rt pa 2011), the fourth among cocaine and synthetic drugs Foreigners - ten-year trend trafficking organizations and the fifth one among hashish trafficking organizations (it was first in 2011). Total reported Illicit trafficking (Art.73) Conspiracy to trafficking (Art.74) Even if the Italian Mafia-like organizations have very 12,777 14,000 12,487 12,108 12,226 different characteristics, drug business makes them 11,507 12,000 10,758 9,594 similar since they are profit- aimed. These groups 8,792 9,033 11,650 11,822 10,000 8,189 11,136 10,542 10,834 frequently use the method of the so-called “puntate” 8,000 9,726 8,820 8,048 8,166 (shares) to buy large quantities of drug: it consists 6,000 7,547 in a sort of “capital sharing” with the participation 4,000 1,274 of more clans belonging to the same criminal 2,000 641 743 866 774 1,031 961 837 954 1,090 organization or of other criminal networks, even in 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 contrast with them, in order to acquire importance nts onte c and contractual capacity towards foreign suppliers However, especially in the last three years the number so to lower the costs of wholesale drug supply. of foreigners reported for drug-related offences has increased also in terms of percentage, representing one third of the total number of the reported persons. foreign organized crime Drug investigations have shown complex and Persons reported - total developing scenarios, characterized by modifications 100% of the criminal organizations that often do not 75% follow defined operational patterns. They establish 50% 30.90% 34.34% 34.96% occasional and temporary partnership, that are 25% dynamic and quick but unusual and unexpected. In 0% such a context foreign criminal groups proliferate and Stranieri Stranieri Stranieri are inclined to set up and extend their relation system Total Total Total Foreigners Foreigners Foreigners Totale denunciati Totale denunciati Totale denunciati Totale overcoming regional boundaries and developing 2010 2011 2012 multiethnic criminal networks. The foreign organized crime, especially in the drug trafficking field, has been a particularly relevant phenomenon in Italy for Persons reported according to Art. 73 DPR 309/1990 a long time: these foreign criminal networks have widespread and well-established branches all over the country, having organizational structures and 100% multi-faceted characteristics, strengthening their 75% operational potential. 50% 34.83% 30.89% 35.25% In the last decade a continuous and constant increase 25% in the total number of foreigners reported for 0% violation of the Consolidating Act on drugs (from Stranieri Stranieri Stranieri Total Total Total

8,189 to 12,226 persons), for specific offences of “ Foreigners Foreigners Foreigners Totale denunciati Totale denunciati Totale denunciati Totale production, trafficking and illicit possession of drugs 2010 2011 2012 and psychotropic substances (Art. 73) and conspiracy most fertile ground for a criminal “corporation” also Persons reported according to Art. 74 DPR 309/1990 in the areas mostly affected by mafia-type crime. In

100% fact, the capacity to take in and absorb the changes

75% due to the evolution of the social and criminal

50% 32.33% context are fundamental features of the Mafia and of 31.08% 29.60% 25% its endurance. 0% With regard to the nationality of the reported pa rt on e foreigners, Moroccans, Tunisians, Albanians and Stranieri Stranieri Stranieri Total Total Total

Foreigners Foreigners Foreigners Nigerians maintained the first four positions. Totale denunciati Totale denunciati Totale denunciati Totale

2010 2011 2012 In particular, Moroccans, Tunisians and Albanians represented almost 60% of the total number of The collected data have shown that one third of the both the foreigners reported under Art. 73 of the drug market players consists of foreign nationals Presidential Decree 309/1990 and of those reported and foreign criminal groups that often, rather than under Art. 74. working in cooperation with the Italian criminal Specifically, in 2012 the regional situation organizations, deal with a specific task in order to concerning the foreigners reported under Art. 74 was better satisfy particular trafficking needs. the following: Over the half of the 12,226 foreigners reported − Toscana ranked first (236): 85 Albanians reported in 2012 for violation of the drug legislation was for conspiracy to cocaine trafficking and 74 for c onte nts concentrated in four Northern regions: Lombardia conspiracy to heroin trafficking; 48 Tunisians for (with 2,726 reported persons ranked first as in 2011), conspiracy to heroin trafficking; Emilia-Romagna (with 1,468 ranked second as in − Lombardia ranked second (140). In this regard 2011), Veneto (with 1,092 ranked fifth, while ranked we would like to point out that 29 Albanians, fourth in 2011) and Piemonte (with 982 ranked sixth, 16 Moroccans and 1 Chinese were reported for while ranked fifth in 2011). The foreign ethnic groups conspiracy to cocaine trafficking. Moreover 32 mainly involved are those coming from Morocco, Chinese nationals were reported for conspiracy to Tunisia, Albania and Nigeria. traffic in ketamine; On the contrary, in the regions of origin of the main − Liguria ranked third (104): 39 Albanians were Mafia-like organizations (Calabria, Campania, Puglia reported for criminal conspiracy to heroin and Sicilia) only approx. 6% of the foreign nationals trafficking, 42 Senegalese nationals and 8 reported for drug related offences was registered. Dominicans for conspiracy to cocaine trafficking; However, the situation regarding the two main − Abruzzo ranked fourth (99). It is important to offences in the above mentioned four southern point out that 41 Albanians, 35 Dominicans and regions should be explained . In fact approx. 6% of 10 Colombians were reported for conspiracy to foreigners were reported under art. 73, while 16.42% cocaine trafficking; were reported under art. 74. The latter percentage is − Lazio hold the fifth position (89), with 23 Albanians mainly due to Sicilia, where, inter alia 24 Colombians, for conspiracy to cocaine, heroin and marijuana 13 Tunisians, 5 Mexicans, 4 Guatemalan and 3 Santo trafficking and 11 Tanzanians for conspiracy to Domingo nationals were reported for conspiracy to heroin trafficking; traffic in cocaine and 11 Albanians for conspiracy to − Emilia-Romagna ranked sixth (87), with 41 traffic in cocaine and marijuana. Albanians for conspiracy to cocaine and heroin Considering the above mentioned data, in 2012 the trafficking, 29 Moroccans and 6 Chinese nationals players in the drug trafficking scenario did not change reported for criminal conspiracy to cocaine with respect to the previous year. Such scenario is the trafficking. However, with reference to the nationality, the data In the last ten years the number of Tunisians reported concerning violations of Art. 74 have shown that: – mainly for heroin trafficking – has increased from − Albanians are still at the top of the rank with 1,131 to 2,145 persons. In 2012, 48.49 kg of heroin, e on rt pa 443 associates (+92% with respect to 2011), 52.34 kg of hashish, 15.94 kg of cocaine and 17.01 representing 41% of the total number: over the half kg of marijuana were seized from Tunisian nationals. of them belongs to cocaine trafficking associations, Recent drug operations have shown that Tunisian over one third to cocaine trafficking associations criminal groups are well organized and have close and the rest is involved in marijuana, hashish and links with their fellow-citizens or Maghrebi nationals other drugs; living in many European countries: they can come − Tunisians moved from the fourth to the second into alliances with criminal organizations belonging position with 96 associates reported (+17%). Out to other ethnic groups and cope, even violently, with of them, over two thirds were involved in heroin rival groups. trafficking; In 2012, among the reports for violation of article − Moroccans went down from the second to the third 74 of Presidential Decree No. 309/90 mention must nents onte c position with 93 persons reported to the Judicial be made of 29 Moroccan nationals (reported for Authority. Almost the half of them was involved in conspiracy to cocaine trafficking in Emilia Romagna), cocaine trafficking; and 61 Tunisians (48 reported for conspiracy to − Dominicans ranked fourth, with 58 cocaine heroin trafficking in Toscana and 13 for conspiracy traffickers; to cocaine trafficking in Sicilia). − Colombians confirmed their fifth place, with 51 Investigations and data on drug seizures have persons involved in cocaine trafficking; highlighted that Albanian crime groups are a major − Senegalese nationals ranked sixth (they held the drug supply channel. In 2012 the highest quantities 13th position in 2011), with an increase of 38.99%. of marijuana, heroin and cocaine were seized from 45 persons (+400%) were reported - 44 for cocaine Albanian nationals: 10,266.27 kg, 344.88 kg and trafficking and one for hashish. 265.09 kg respectively. It is interesting to analyze the criminal organizations In the last ten year the Albanians reported – mainly of the first four foreign nationalities on the basis of for cocaine trafficking – have risen from 1,131 to the overall number of reported persons: Moroccans, 2,076. Tunisians, Albanians and Nigerians. Moreover the most recent police operations have In 2012, 2,885 Moroccan nationals were reported revealed that for their heroin supply Albanian for drug related offences, mainly for cocaine and syndicates have established relations with many hashish trafficking. In particular, the following criminal groups operating along the “Balkan route” amounts of drug were seized from them: 5,789.86 kg (in particular Turkish, Bulgarian and Romanian of hashish, 73.78 kg of cocaine, 47.17 kg of heroin nationals) as well as with members of South-American and 20.03 kg of marijuana. cartels. Some narco-traffickers have chosen Albania Analyzing the distribution of this ethnic group in and the Balkans in general as a storage and/or Italy, Moroccan nationals were mainly present in transit area of the cocaine destined for the European Northern Italy and particularly in Lombardia, where market,3 in synergy with Albanian traffickers living this community is well-rooted in the socio-economic in South America. Albanians have close links with tissue. The other regions in which they operated were: Spanish and North-European organizations supplying Emilia Romagna (343) with a percentage of 23.37%, them with cocaine, also in exchange for hashish

Toscana (340) with a percentage of 29.62%, Veneto 3 Some lab tests on the cocaine seized from Albanian traffickers revealed that they use refining techniques different from those generally used by (219) with 20.05% and Liguria (215) with 25.78%. South-Americans. It is thus reasonable to assume that the Balkan area has become not only a landing and storage area but also a cocaine processing area. and marijuana (marijuana of high quality is largely Montenegro and Koper in Slovenia). produced in Albania). They are also able to supply The increased use of the Balkan area for cocaine and manage non-European pushers, mainly from trafficking is reportedly due to the following factors: Maghreb (Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria) for any - Increased commercial traffic in the Mediterranean type of drugs. and presence of many ports in the Adriatic sea and Albanian kingpins usually live in their native in the Black Sea where important navigable water country while Albanian crime is made up of different courses flow into; pa rt on e autonomous groups working in parallel and jointly by - More permeable borders due to the high level of virtue not only of their ethnic origin but also of their corruption and political instability in the countries family ties. In particular, they operate in Central of the region as well as the free movement of and Northern Italy, mainly Toscana, Lombardia and persons and goods with the entry in the EU and the Emilia Romagna. Schengen area; Heroin trafficking along the Balkan route is, by - Increased counter-narcotics activity to fight against tradition, managed by Albanian criminals. In Italy a drug trafficking in Western Europe and Western high number of Albanians, equal to 42.42% of the Africa by international cooperation agencies (i.e. overall number of the persons arrested, were reported MAOC-N in Lisbon). Indeed since 2008 West for conspiracy to heroin trafficking. Africa has become less important as a cocaine In the last ten years Nigerians reported in Italy for route; drug-related offences – mainly cocaine trafficking - - Increased development of new cocaine consumer c onte nts have risen from 313 to 750. markets in Central and Eastern Europe, considering Nigerian crime groups are a deep-routed and the growing saturation of the Western European widespread network at international level; they market; are particularly insidious because they use body- - The well-known “Balkan route”, where the packers scattered throughout the routes, above all majority of Afghan heroin traded in Western and air routes. This method allows them to be flexible Eastern Europe passes through; and to rapidly change their routes. Couriers are no - the consolidated presence of transnational criminal longer their fellow-citizens or Africans but subjects networks which historically deal first of all with increasingly coming from the Balkan-Caucasian and heroin trafficking, but also with marijuana, hashish South-American area. and precursors as well as, more recently, of Nigerians are skilled managers of internet points skilled organizations, such as those from Serbia- and call centres, which can be easily used to launder Montenegro and Bulgaria, who are specialized in money through money transfers. trafficking huge quantities of cocaine by sea. The Crime groups from the Balkans have recently raised latter are able to go straight to the source of supply, the interest of investigators since the Balkan area has thanks to their relations and their operational and become important also as far as cocaine trafficking is logistical structures in Latin America. concerned. As an example mention must be made of the long- According to Europol4, a significant flow of cocaine lasting and complex investigation into a Bulgarian coming from South America arrives in the countries syndicate called “Magna Charta”, which in 2012 of the European Union through Western Balkans led to the seizure of about 6 tons of cocaine and and South-East Europe by large shipments passing the issuing of 30 preventive custody orders. The through the ports of the Black Sea (mainly Varna deep-routed and well-organized criminal group in Bulgaria, Constanta in Romania and Odessa (with operational bases in Northern Italy, Spain and in Ukraine) and the Adriatic Sea (mainly Bar in South America) was able to be supplied with huge

4 O.C.T.A. (Organised Crime Threat Assessment), Report 2012 quantities of cocaine straight in South America and - they take over all the risks connected to the

to autonomously transport them up to Europe and transoceanic transport and the stockpiling. e on rt pa Italy by means of transoceanic vessels for other Since 2007-2008 the most important investigations foreign and Italian criminal groups, including some into the above-mentioned groups carried out in Italy Calabrian networks based in Northern Italy. have been the following: Last but not least in 2012 near the Strait of Gibraltar - “Loptice” which ended up with the seizure of 3,000 kg of cocaine were seized and 21 Bulgarian , 900 kg of cocaine and the identification of many 7 Colombian and 3 Spanish nationals were arrested. members operating in separate cells mainly in the Criminal groups from Serbia and Montenegro have area of Milan; recently been playing a major role in international - “Skurau” which led to the interception of 140 kg drug trafficking, particularly cocaine. They are well of drugs within investigations carried out both in structured in the American continent, in Europe and Serbia and Argentina (2.6 tons of cocaine were in South Africa. In Italy they mainly operate in the seized in this country) and in 2012 to 29 orders of

North, in particular in Lombardia, where links with preventive custody against Serbian-Montenegrin nts onte c ‘Ndrangheta and Apulian crime have been identified. nationals. The Serbian and Montenegrin crime is characterized As far as Romanians are concerned, in the last ten by the military-type organization, methods, mentality years the number of persons reported has increased and equipment since many of its members belonged from 42 to 378 (21 of whom for conspiracy to drug in the past to special or intelligence forces or trafficking) paramilitary units. Moreover the international In conclusion, Eastern European criminal groups embargo during the war in the former Yugoslavia have massively penetrated the cocaine market: helped criminals be well trained in smuggling Serbian-Montenegrin, Macedonian, Bulgarian, techniques. Romanian and above all Albanian nationals. At first Montenegrin crime is strongly influencing sea cocaine they worked together with Turkish organizations trafficking from South America to Europe by: and later they partially replaced them in the heroin - diversifying Atlantic routes and affecting the trafficking along the Balkan route. They were able to countries which so far have been used to a limited redraw the directives of the drug flow and then, by extent, such as Uruguay and South Africa; increasing their economic and criminal power, they - slowly moving the centre of gravity from Spain to later succeeded in cocaine trafficking. the Balkan area: cocaine passes through the Strait Analyzing the risk factors, the reasons why Balkan of Gibraltar and reaches the Western coasts of the criminal groups are particularly dangerous in the Adriatic sea, particularly Montenegro (above all in drug trafficking are the following: the port of Bar), Croatia and Albania. - Bulgarian nationals are particularly skilled in Even the most powerful criminal organizations, such laundering the illicit proceeds, on the basis of the as ‘Ndrangheta, has turned to Serbian-Montenegrin experience gained5 in the field of bank frauds and groups to be supplied with cocaine, since: in the use of the deep web; - they offer and bargain only huge quantities of high - Among Romanians and Bulgarians there is a purity and at competitive prices, without getting strong component of ethnic Roma people scattered a percentage from trafficking in small quantities. throughout Europe, able to avoid controls. In this way they refrain from coming into conflict Recently in Italy the Roma ethnic component has with medium and low-level wholesalers or street strongly been involved in the drug sector (not only pushers and allow the whole criminal ring to gain as far as drug pushing is concerned but also as to

profits; 5 During the iron curtain USSR fully trained Bulgarian students in mathematical sciences, particularly informatics and electronics the conspiracy to international drug trafficking) and - 6 Chinese nationals in Emilia Romagna, together has established close links with Italian and foreign with many Moroccans as part of an international criminal groups. cocaine trafficking between Morocco, Spain and Last but not least mention must be made of Chinese Italy. crime although statistical data do not show a According to the analysis of the data held by DCSA, considerable involvement in drug trafficking in terms Chinese ranked seventh in absolute terms as far as the pa rt on e of numbers if compared to their deep-rooted presence offence of conspiracy is concerned (after Albanians, in Italy. Tunisians, Moroccans, Dominicans, Colombians Nonetheless there are more and more hints and Senegalese) but first in relative terms. Indeed highlighting the involvement of Chinese criminals in the reports ex. Art 74 Presidential Decree 309/90 exporting activities which were once destined only accounted for 58.21% of the overall number of the for their fellow-citizens, such as drug pushing and Chinese nationals reported to the Judicial authority prostitution. for drug-related offences. By contrast, the data on Inside their communities there is a widespread other nationalities revealed that the average of the use of synthetic drugs, particularly ketamine, a persons reported for conspiracy is less than 10%. This veterinarian anesthetic mainly produced in China6 threshold is overcome only by Colombians (43.22%), and mephedrone, which was born as a fertilizer and Dominicans (24.26%) and Albanians (21.34%). is now listed among the stimulating synthetic drugs, The risk analysis highlighted that although the Chinese c onte nts similar to phenethylamine, a mixture of amphetamines community is concentrated above all in Central and and MDMA, whose effects are similar, though less Northern Italy, it has significantly increased in the last powerful. ten years and has largely penetrated the economic and The penetration of the domestic drug market by entrepreneurial tissue of Southern Italy, particularly Chinese criminal groups is also facilitated by: Campania and above all the province of Naples. - The already proven and consolidated commercial In this area it has established close contacts with and illicit methods and routes (trafficking in illegal Camorra clans for the production, transportation and manpower and counterfeited products) distribution of counterfeit products. The risk analysis - The huge financial assets coming from their must also take into account that the port of Naples is widespread and flourishing entrepreneurial increasing its commercial traffic with the Far East, activities; particularly with China, with potential consequences - The indisputable fact that China is one of the for international drug trafficking. biggest world’s producers of synthetic drugs and precursors. In 2012, 67 nationals from the People’s Republic of China (+9.84%) were reported, of whom 39 belonged to the drug trafficking groups. Precisely, - 33 Chinese nationals in Lombardia, 32 of whom belonged to an organization dealing not only with drug trafficking but also with extortion, robbery, exploitation and prostitution, gambling and 1 was reported for conspiracy to cocaine trafficking;

6 And in Canada where there is an historically deep-rooted and numerous Chinese community. cocaine ar ne on rt pa borders: main seizures

Traforo Brogeda (CO) Linate (MI) Sterzing (BZ) M. Bianco (AO) 8.43 kg (+2,743.96%) 136.92 kg (+89.05%) 20.21 kg (-45.43%) 2.08 kg

0.24% 13.25% 3.94% 14.25% 0.58% 31.77% 0.06% 3.27% Malpensa (VA) Orio Al Serio (BG) Villafranca (VR) 306.83 kg (-33.55%) 11.85 kg (+18.82%) 19.34 kg (+123.67%)

Domodossola FF SS (VB) 8.84% 31.93% 0.34% 1.23% 13.08 kg (+375.86%) 0.56% 2.01% nents onte c

0.38% 20.56% Caselle (TO) Borgo Panigale (BO) 16.66 kg (+104.21%) 17.98 kg

0.48% 1.73% 0.52% 1.87% Ancona 2.12 kg

Ventimiglia (IM) Genova Brindisi 164.23 kg (-59.50%) 18.79 kg (+376.72%) 10.98 kg 0.06% 0.09%

0.54% 29.53% 4.73% 6.71% 0.32% 1.14%

Civitavecchia Napoli (RM) 150.34 kg (+886.78%) 10.71 kg (-25.17%)

0.31% 0.44% 4.33% 6.14% Incidence on the total of Fiumicino (RM) seizures at borders 430.48 kg (+74.05%) (3,471.41 kg) Gioia Tauro (RC) 2,116.96 kg (+95.56%) .....% 12.40% 44.79%

60.98% 86.52%

Persons reported at Incidence on seizures at borders borders - total (374) air sea land 1^ 2^ 3^ 4^ 5^ 6^ 7^ 8^ 9^ 10^ (961.14 kg) (2,446.65 kg) (63.62 kg) Italians(112) Dominican Nigeria Rep. Paraguay Brazil Spain Albania Peru Romania Colombia Portugal .....% .....% .....% (42) (27) (23) (20) (15) (14) (12) (10) (9) (7)

Foreigners (263) In Italy, in 2011 cocaine seizures trend was fluctuating In fact, since 2009 a remarkable increase of cocaine from a minimum of 73 kg to a maximum of 6,353 kg seizures at maritime borders has been registered, while in the reporting year there was a decrease of progressively passing from 611 kg seized in 2008 to 16% with an overall quantity seized equal to 5,324 kg, 1,359 kg in 2009, 1,331 kg in 2010, 4,103 kg in 2011 of which 65% at borders, in accordance with a trend and 2,447 kg in 2012. started in 2009. In this context, in 2012 approximately A key to interpretation is given by the increase of pa rt on e 2,500 kg of cocaine hydrochloride were found out at trafficking volume in the Mediterranean Sea, where the maritime borders: this was the largest quantity after Italian Peninsula, with its 8,000 kilometres of coasts 2011 when about 4,100 kg were seized, representing is one of the main gateways to Europe (the second the record for seizures of this substance in the last 30 cocaine consumption market after North America) years. and thus an important crossroads for international The analysis of data pertaining to the borders also drug routes, recently strengthened by the seaports revealed an increase of 17% at air borders while a of Tangier (Morocco), Port Said and Suez (Egypt), rise of 38% was noticed at land borders, even though Piraeus (Greece), Izmir (Turkey) and Gioia Tauro the quantity of the drug seized were lower. (Italy). Moreover, in the last few years investigations As to the rest of the territory, in 2012 an increase of have revealed that the major criminal networks 34% was registered, with an overall value of 1,852 (especially the ‘Ndrangheta and the Camorra) have kg. directly introduced huge quantities of cocaine on the c onte nts In 2012, the overall decline of cocaine seizures in domestic market. In this way they elude the transit Italy was only due to a decrease of 1,656.22 kg at and warehousing phases in the Iberian Peninsula maritime borders since in 2012 the following or in Northern European Countries, which are the seaports were not considered in the statistics: the port traditional entryways to the Old Continent, where of Livorno, where 1,015.77 kg of cocaine were seized minor seizures have been made. in 2011, the port of La Spezia, where another huge Cocaine - directly coming from South American quantity (974 kg) of this substance was seized and producing Countries and/or transported through the port of Alghero (Sassari), with another drugs haul West African Countries – reaches Italy by means of 503.10 kg was carried out. During the previous of merchant ships mainly at the west coast ports of five years at the above-mentioned seaports no drug Tyrrhenian and Ligurian Sea as well as of Sardinian seizures were registered (or only negligible quantities Sea. In the last five years, in the above-mentioned were seized). seaports a total of 9,457 kg of cocaine have been Although the main drugs seized at maritime borders seized. have been usually hashish and marijuana, in 2011 In the reporting year, the port of Gioia Tauro (Reggio cocaine ranked first in the Italian seaports (with Calabria) with 2,117 kg almost doubled (+96%) 4,103 kg) and second, after marijuana, in 2012 (with the quantities of cocaine seized the year before, 2,447 kg). confirming its importance as the main threshold for For this reason, it seems clear that drug trafficking the cocaine in our country. This seaport represented by sea has lately become the main channel for on its own 61% of all the cocaine seizures made at cocaine destined for Italy while, in the past, the domestic borders and 87% of those made at maritime largest consignments of this drug were mainly seized borders. Furthermore, this seaport also stood out for at Italian airports. In 2008, the seizures made at air the increase in the number (18) of seizures, which borders represented 50% of the overall quantities were 4 in 2010 and 8 in 2011. seized at borders, while in 2011 they dropped to 17% In the last three years, the cocaine seized in Gioia and in 2012 to 28%. Tauro has come directly from South America (Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil and Peru) as well as from In addition, this port is strategic for transportation

Mexico, Spain and Morocco. It was concealed inside costs and timing because of its central position also e on rt pa containers with different licit goods (for instance, for the goods coming from emerging economies such fruit, coffee, wood and leather, food cans, farming as China, India and South-East Asia bound for the tools, metal waste products and electric material). West consumption markets. It could also play a vital Drug traffickers mainly used the rip-off method: role for the maritime trafficking in synthetic drugs instead of concealing the drug inside the licit cargo and precursors produced in Asia (China) and South- they break and enter the container, introduce large East Asia and in heroin ( for example, from the port bags with 30-60 kg of cocaine and then replace their of Karachi for Afghan heroin and from the port of seals. Singapore for Myanmar heroin). Moreover, the ‘Ndrangheta has exploited the In 2012, also the Port of Genova1 (164.23 kg) and that international licit trade of the Gioia Tauro seaport of Naples (150.34 kg) came to notice: here, cocaine (Reggio Calabria), that is a very important seizures increased by 887% (in 2011, only 15 kg of transshipment hub for the containerized goods cocaine were seized). Intelligence and investigative nts onte c coming from all over the world and mainly destined efforts are particularly focused on the Port of Naples, for the markets of the Mediterranean area and Europe, considering its trade volume as well as the Camorra transforming it in the main entry point for South- interests. American cocaine (since 1999, 7,716 kg of cocaine have been seized there, of which 4,385 kg in the last three years). 1 In the last three years 575 kg of cocaine have been seized at the port of Genova.

Fiumicino 6.240 kg of cocaine (June 2012) As to the risk analysis, particular attention should be seized)2 77% of the cocaine quantity seized in 2012 given also to the ports along the Adriatic Sea coasts, at air borders and 21% of that intercepted at all other which are the natural geographical way out of the borders. Balkan route for heroin and marijuana trafficking. The above-mentioned two airports are interested by To this regard, the following Adriatic seaports are cocaine trafficking both on intercontinental flights particularly relevant: from South and Central America and on flights pa rt on e - Ancona: seizure of 2 kg of cocaine, in 2012, from a coming from the European airports, in particular Macedonian courier coming from Greece and with Lisbon, Madrid, Paris, Amsterdam, London, Zurich the seizure made in 2011 of 46 kg of cocaine in the and Frankfurt. province of Rimini, onboard a TIR truck coming Other cocaine seizures were made in minor airports from Greece and unloaded at the a/m port; which are not directly connected with intercontinental - Venezia: 108 kg of cocaine in 2010 and 10 kg routes: they are mainly used by traffickers for the in 2009 from an Austrian, a Serb and a Croatian connections with other European cities, above all national; through low cost air companies. - Ravenna: 12 kg seized in 2008 from two Croatians Among them, Linate (Milan) stood out for the and two Montenegrin nationals; cocaine quantities seized in the last year (136.92 kg, - Brindisi: 1 kg seized in 2010 from an Albanian with an increase of +89.05% with respect to 2011): national coming from Albania. this value accounted for 14.25% on the cocaine c onte nts Although the quantities involved were not significant quantities seized at air borders. Moreover, mention and the seizures were not so frequent, it is possible must be made of the following: Villafranca (Verona) that the Adriatic route shall gain importance in the 19.34 kg, +123.67%; Caselle Torinese (Torino) 17.98 cocaine trades. In fact, heroin trafficking has recently kg – this airport was not present in 2011 statistics; decreased in this area and, at the same time, the Bologna 16.66 kg, +104.21%; Brindisi 10.98 kg, this Balkan area has been recently playing a significant airport was not present in 2011 statistics. role in this type of illicit trafficking. Recently, several seizures of liquid cocaine have Air borders were mainly interested by cocaine been made above all at air borders. In particular, in trafficking both in terms of quantities and regularity the reporting year, 114.65 kg of liquid cocaine were of consignments seized. totally seized, of which 64.9 kg at Fiumicino Airport Cocaine concealed inside luggage or smuggled by (Rome), 40 kg at Linate Airport (Milan, 6.4 kg at human couriers in corpore, is the most trafficked Malpensa (Varese), and 3.35 kg at Bologna airport. substance seized at Italian airports (in the last five As to the method of concealment in corpore, although years 3,992 kg of cocaine have been seized). However, in 2012 a decrease was registered, this phenomenon even though seizures at air borders have increased primarily regarded the air borders and the cocaine as in the last five years, the incidence on the overall substance. This drug represented with 123.326 kg, seizures made at borders has progressively declined: 67.94% of the overall quantity of drugs concealed in in 2008 it was equal to about 50%, dropping in 2011 this way (181.53 kg). to 17% and with a slight rise in 2012 up to 28%. In details, 83 kg of cocaine – detected at airports - The “white powder” is above all seized at the were smuggled by 178 drug “mules” (they were 213 international airports of Malpensa (Varese) and in 2011). The most affected airports were: Fiumicino Fiumicino (Rome). Because of their significant (Rome) 33 kg, Malpensa (Varese) 30 kg, Orio al Serio passengers’ volume these seizures represent (Bergamo) 11 kg and Bologna 7 kg. (respectively, with 307 kg and 430kg of cocaine 2 In the last three years the following quantities have been seized: at Malpensa Airport 1,095.21 kg and at Fiumicino Airport (Rome) 976.38 kg. The remaining part was seized all over the national - the continuous increase of road transport crossing

territory (27.41 kg) and at land borders (6.95 kg at the Northeast border (where seizures, although e on rt pa the border post of Domodossola and Ventimiglia). limited in quantity, registered an upward trend); As in the previous year, in 2012 the drug “mules” - the recent stabilization of the Northern alternative mostly came from Nigeria (56 subjects were arrested), passageway of the Balkan route (for heroin, followed by Paraguay, Italy, Dominican Republic, marijuana and synthetic drugs trafficking) that Ghana and Brazil. In general, the Italian nationality could be also exploited to smuggle cocaine; is one of the few which registered an increase in 2012 - the role played by the Balkan region in the scenario so that Italy passed from the sixth place of 2011 (9 of international cocaine trafficking. subjects were arrested) to the third place with 18 According to information from law enforcement arrests. authorities of the Balkan area, the entry to the EU As to the cocaine trafficking made through the land of Romania and Bulgaria in 2007 caused a change borders, a further subdivision must be made: at in the trafficking routes as far as the main Balkan

Northwest border (traditionally affected by cocaine route is concerned. A North branch was developed, nts onte c coming from the Iberian Peninsula and from Central from Turkey through Bulgaria (which is more and and Northern Europe) in 2012 an increase of cocaine more a poly-drug trafficking hub) and then to North, quantities seized was registered. In particular, at the to Romania and then Hungary, Slovakia and Austria, highway border posts of “Autofiori” Ventimiglia finally to reach the heart of the Western Europe. (Imperia) and Monte Bianco in Courmayeur (Aosta), The drug flow reaching Austria obviously poses a connecting Italy with France; at the railway border threat to Italy, since it can enter our Country through post of Domodossola (Verbania) and at the highway the Northeast border. border post of Brogeda (Como), connecting Italy Moreover, thanks to the forthcoming entry of Romania with Switzerland. and Bulgaria to the Schengen Area, the use of the At Northeast border, also in 2012 the highway border North alternative to the traditional Balkan route will post of Sterzing (Bolzano) ranked first among the be probably developed once again. land borders for cocaine seizures, as it was in 2011. As to the national territory, Calabria ranked first for Although in absolute terms the land borders have cocaine seizures (2,131 kg, +94%, of which 2,117 kg a low incidence on the overall quantity of cocaine at the Port of Gioia Tauro). At the second place there seized, the Northeast border could play a vital role was Lombardia (1,122 kg, +32%) and then Lazio and a major strategic relevance from a risk analysis (644 kg, +51%). point of view. As a matter of fact, the border posts between Italy and Austria have become interesting in the last years: - Sterzing (Bolzano), since 2007, 185 kg of cocaine have been seized; - Brenner (Bolzano), where limited cocaine consignments not exceeding 10 kg have been seized almost every year. Due to their geographical position, these borders are crossed by flows of goods and persons coming from Central and Northern Europe as well as from the Balkan area, representing a concrete risk factor caused by: cocaine seizures, persons reported and main operations ended in 2012

magna charta skurau dionisio revolution (30) (29) 'ndrangheta 'ndrangheta cocaine 6,016.35 kg - cocaine 35 kg (52) (29) pa rt on e - marijauna 58 kg TO, MI - cocaine 13 kg - cocaine 1.8 kg - hashish 10 kg - 330,000 € - falsi Bond Federal Reserve: MI,VR 500 mln USD MI, RC MI, RC Lombardia Veneto

Calabria Lombardia Lombardia

Lombardia Piemonte

Calabria

1.17%

0.71%

0.15% 20.00% 6.62% sesso & coca 7.19% (21) - cocaine 5.40 kg Lombardia 7.29% - heroin 7 kg 4.35% MI, PD, FC, RM, RI Veneto FR, NA, CE, FG, KR c onte nts

cime bianche 5.90% E. Romagna (13) 2.60% LombardiaToscana Lazio

- cocaine 8.86 kg Lazio 2.02% - heroin 16 kg Calabria Puglia Campania - marijuana 0.6 kg Puglia MI, VA, PO, FI, GR Lazio, FG, BA, LE, TA 14.25% 2.51%

Lazio 0.22% 6.09% coco ludovisi (12) cocaine 5 kg 9.76% RM 2.32% 0.25%

Lazio Toscana Campania

Lombardia 1.32% heidi Campania Seizures camorra (5,323.84 kg) (27) Sicilia - cocaine 10 kg ≥ 0 kg - hashish 62 kg monterrey camorra, cosa nostra ≥ 50 kg - heroin 0.84 kg 5.24% (31) ≥ 100 kg SI, RM, NA, ≥ 200 kg - cocaine 424 kg - hashish 495 kg ≥ 500 kg MO, NA, PA ≥ 1,000 kg

Regional incidence Persons reported at 1^ 2^ 3^ 4^ 5^ 6^ 7^ 8^ 9^ 10^ on the national borders - total (12,386) total of antidrug Albania Morocco Nigeria Tunisia Senegal Dominican Rep. Romania Gabon Colombia Gambia ..... activities (1,229) (1,133) (376) (345) (228) (207) (144) (106) (91) (72) (6,735) Italians .....% 7,603) Argentina Belgium Bulgaria Canada Croatia Ecuador Germany Britain India Macedonia (5) (7) (18) (1) (6) (50) (13) (5) (8) (22)

Foreigners Uruguay (4,783) Mexico Montenegro Netherlands Paraguay Peru Portugal Spain Serbia (8) (2) (11) (37) (46) (12) (52) (33) (7) Data at regional level showed the following: Considering that in 2012 at national level there was

- Lombardia ranked first as to operations and an increase of the number of persons reported for e on rt pa persons reported to the Judicial Authority (this conspiracy to cocaine trafficking (+3%), particular region represents almost one-fifth of the overall mention must be made of: number of persons reported), second as to quantity - Toscana with 91 persons reported (of whom 85 of drug seized (+32%) and third as to the number were Albanians) and an increase with respect to of affiliates to cocaine trafficking crime groups 2011 of 1,038%; (+1%); - Veneto with 40 affiliates (+400%) of whom 6 - Lazio ranked second, both for the number of Tunisians and 3 Albanians; operations and for the persons reported to the - Friuli Venezia-Giulia with 32 affiliates (+300%), Judicial Authority (+17%) and for the offence of of whom 21 Albanians; conspiracy to cocaine trafficking (+18%), and - Liguria with 76 associates (+105%), of whom 42 third for the quantity of cocaine seized (+51%); Senegalese and 8 Dominicans;

- Lombardia and Lazio together represented 34% - Abruzzo with 132 persons reported (+7%) of whom nts onte c of the overall national drug operations regarding 41 Albanians, 35 Dominicans and 10 Colombians; cocaine; - Trentino Alto Adige with 15 associates (+50%), of - Campania ranked third as to the total number of whom 10 Albanians. operations and the number of persons reported The foreign nationals reported to the Judicial to the Judicial Authority, while ranked fourth for Authority (4,783) for cocaine-related offences the quantities seized (+383%) and sixth for the continue to be a high and stable value both with number of persons reported for conspiracy to respect to the overall number (39%) and to the cocaine trafficking. specific conspiracy offence. In order to evaluate the impact of organized crime, In details, as to the overall number of foreign it is useful to analyze in particular the regions of nationals reported, there were: origin of the most important Mafia-type criminal - In first place the Albanians with 1,229 (+13%) organizations, which are Sicilia, Campania, Calabria subjects, representing one-tenth of the total: 265 and Puglia. In these regions, the following aspects kg (+44%) of cocaine were seized from them; can be noticed: - In second place the Moroccans with 1,133 persons - The half of cocaine was seized in these regions; and with 74 kg (+32%) of cocaine seized; - A quarter of the overall number of persons reported - Nigerians ranked third with 376 persons reported to the Judicial Authority for cocaine-related to the Judicial Authority (of whom 56 swallowers) offences and almost the half of subjects reported and 70 kg seized; for conspiracy to cocaine trafficking (in 2011 it - The Tunisians ranked fourth with 345 subjects was 43%) was reported in these regions. reported and 16 kg seized; - In details, for this serious crime, Sicilia ranked - The Senegalese took the fifth place, with 228 first (+79%) representing by itself one-fifth of persons reported and 12 kg of cocaine seized; the overall domestic number, while Puglia ranked - The Dominicans ranked sixth, with 207 persons fourth, Calabria fifth and Campania sixth. reported and 62 kg seized; Also Lazio and Lombardia, which are particularly - The Romanians ranked seventh with 144 subjects influenced by Mafia-like Southern criminal reported (of whom 3 swallowers, in 2011 they organizations, were in the lead for this type of were 9) and 44 kg seized; conspiracy offence, respectively ranking second - In eighth place we found the Gabonese with 104 (+18%) and third. subjects reported and 2.65 kg of cocaine seized; - In ninth place the Colombians with 91 persons reported (+19%) and 16 kg seized. With regard to the more serious offence of conspiracy to cocaine trafficking, the total number of subjects reported (2,045) increased by 3%, while that pertaining to the foreign nationals (614) increased by pa rt on e 4%. In particular: - The Albanians ranked first with 233 (+69% with respect to 2011) persons reported to the Judicial Authority (+38% of the total number of foreigners reported); - The Dominicans ranked second with 58 associates; - The Moroccans ranked third with 56 affiliates; - The Colombians ranked fourth with 49 (+23%) associates; - The Senegalese ranked fifth with 43 (+500%) persons reported; - The Tunisians ranked sixth with 23 (+188%) c onte nts persons reported. heroin e on rt pa borders: main seizures

Domodossola Caselle (TO) Malpensa (VA) FF SS (VB) 2.44 kg 44.10 kg (-10.64%) 10.82 kg

22.23% 39.35% 5.45% 64.83% 1.23% 2.18% nents onte c

Borgo Panigale (BO) Ventimiglia (IM) 9.50 kg (-413.32%) 5.66 kg (+756.82%)

4.79% 4.48% 2.85% 33.91%

Bari Pisa Firenze 68.33 kg (+70.89%) 13.40 kg 12.93 kg

34.44% 98.16% 6.75% 11.96% 6.52% 11.54% Fiumicino (RM) 15.96 kg (-28.35%)

14.24% 8.05% Capodichino (NA) Ciampino (RM) 11.42 kg 1.89 kg

5.76% 10.19% Incidence on the total of 0.95% 1.69% seizures at borders (198,38 kg)

..,..%

Incidence on seizures at borders: Persons reported at borders- total air sea land (70) 1^ 2^ 3^ 4^ 5^ 6^ 6^ 6^ 6^ 6^ (112.08 kg) (69.61 kg) (16.69 kg)

Italians Tanzania Nigeria Albania Pakistan Lithuania Spain Ghana UK Morocco Senegal ..,..% ..,..% ..,..% (9) (10) (7) (6) (5) (4) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Foreigners (61) After the significant and constant decrease as of country, involving airports that previously had never 2005, in 2012 heroin seizures made in Italy (950,92 been affected by trafficking (Pisa, Firenze, Roma- kg) showed an increase of 17.27% with respect to the Ciampino, Napoli and Torino). previous year. Although Malpensa (VA) and Fiumicino (RM) The bulk was detected inland (with an increase airports registered a decrease in the seized quantities, of 12.83%), but the main increase in percentage they confirm their first two positions representing pa rt on e (+37.83%) was registered in the seizures made at over the half of the overall amount seized. borders: In particular the Malpensa airport stands out with − air borders: + 29.86%; 124.73 kg seized in the last three years. − sea borders: + 22.19%; Based on the quantities found, among the minor − land borders: +2,401.95%. airports, those of Florence, Pisa, Bologna and Naples The growth of seizures at national borders is mainly emerged. due to the results achieved at air borders. The heroin In general, with regard to: quantities which have been seized in the last two − nationality: Tanzanians, Nigerians and Pakistanis years, in fact, surpassed those made at sea borders, were those mostly involved, but also the couriers representing both in 2011 and in 2012 about 60% of from Eastern Europe, like the Lithuanians, Czechs the total amount intercepted at all borders. and Serbians played an important role; Therefore, air borders have become more strategic − origin: the half of the heroin seized at airports c onte nts and more used for importation of heroin into Italy, came from Tanzania, another large part from East also with respect to cocaine, which before was the African countries– in particular form the Horn most seized drug at air borders. of Africa (Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya) and from We would like to point out that heroin detections Madagascar – and one tenth from Pakistan. at air borders are parceled out and spread over the Port of Bari - 13.040 kg of heroin (August 2012) This confirms the consolidation of the so-called However, for a long time the significance of the

African route: heroin, leaving producing areas, Adriatic ports with relation to heroin seizure has been e on rt pa mainly from airports and ports ( especially the one decreasing, so that no seizures have been effected: in Karachi) in Pakistan, reaches Western markets in the port of Brindisi since 2007, of Ancona since through the Eastern part of the African continent, that 2009, of Trieste since 2010 and since last year also in has lately been used also for the cocaine international the port of Venice there have been no seizures. routes. Cocaine arrives there after leaving Central- This decline can be explained by the growing South America and reaching Western Africa through importance of: the Sahel inland route. − the Northern variant of the Balkan, which could Generally heroin, like the marijuana of Albanian also explain the decrease in the heroin seizures in origin, ends its journey in the ports of the Adriatic the Balkan area, mainly in Albania; sea, at the end of the Balkan route. In the last five − the African (sea and air) route. years 505 kg have been seized on the Western At land borders heroin seizures were again not maritime coast of Italy. high, even if there was a significant increase in nts onte c In particular, the port of Bari stands out in the records terms of percentage. Only the railroad border post of of heroin seizures, since: Domodossola (VB) stood out with10.82 kg seized, − in 2012 almost all heroin was seized there followed by the highway border post of Ventimiglia (98.16%); (IM) with 5.66 kg. − in the last three years 214.46 kg have been The situation revealed by the regional analysis of the intercepted, mainly brought from Greece and police operations aimed at counteracting heroin concealed in passenger cars by Albanian nationals. Last year 95.16% of the heroin seized at maritime borders came from Greece.

Port of Ancona - 30.960 kg of heroin (August 2012) heroin seizures, persons reported and main operations ended in 2012

aquile del deserto pa rt on e (14) - heroin 22.4 kg 2.38% - cutting substances 59 kg Veneto TV, VR, PD, VE 0.13% 1.48%

11.10%

11.03%

5.06% sesso & coca (21) 11.90% 4.79% - cocaine 5.40 kg Lombardia - heroin 7 kg MI, PD, FC, RM, RI Veneto FR, NA, CE, FG, KR

7.81% cime bianche 3.96% E. Romagna (13) 3.29% Lazio

- cocaine 8.86 kg Lombardia - heroin 16 kg Calabria Toscana Campania c onte nts - marijuana 0.6 kg Lazio Puglia MI, VA, PO, FI, GR 8.78% 3.49% Lazio, FG, BA, LE, TA Puglia

0.94% 7.07%

Toscana

Lombardia 10.90%

1.24% dirty call 0.84% (144) - heroin 4.2 kg - cocaine 1.56 kg - marijuana 1 kg LI, GR, FI

1.54%

Seizures (950,92 kg) 2.28% ≥ 0 kg ≥ 20 kg ≥ 50 kg ≥ 100 kg ≥ 300 kg

Regional incidence on Persons reported at the national total of borders - total 1^ 2^ 3^ 4^ 5^ 6^ 7^ 8^ 9^ 10^ antidrug activities (5,578) (2.983) Tunisia Morocco Albania Nigeria Algeria Senegal Gambia India Romania Gabon .... (1.008) (381) (356) (122) (71) (57) (51) (42) (36) (31) Italians ..,..% (3,060)

Bulgaria Macedonia Netherlands Foreigners (5) (3) (1) (2,518) trafficking is the following: − Campania: ranked third for overall number of

− Emilia-Romagna ranked first for the number of persons reported (564) and for number of persons e on rt pa operations and reported persons; it ranked fourth reported under Art. 74 (131, +40.86%) and fifth for quantities of heroin seized ( with an increase for quantities seized. of 118.46%, while the increase at national level 2,518 foreign citizens were reported for heroin reached 17.27%); trafficking-related offences, representing almost − Lombardia ranked second for number of operations; the half of the overall amount. The regions with the it ranked first for seized quantities (+72.71%) and highest number of foreign citizens reported were fourth for number of persons reported; Emilia Romagna (384), Lombardia (344), Toscana − Veneto ranked third, both for number of operations (321) and Veneto (314), while Toscana is the region in and for seized quantities, sixth for the overall which the major increase was registered with respect number of reported persons and fifth for the to 2011 (+34.31%). In that region 75 Albanians and number of the persons indicted under Art. 74 (with 48 Tunisians were reported under Art. 74.

an increase of 675%). Tunisian citizens were those mainly involved in nts onte c Moreover, with regard to the reports for conspiracy heroin trafficking , with 1,008 persons reported (and to heroin trafficking (a total of 738 reports, with an 48.49 kg seized), although only 6.84% was indicted increase at National level of 19.03% and an incidence for conspiracy. Moroccans ranked second with 381 of 13.23% on the overall amount of the persons reported persons (and 47.17 kg seized), only one of reported for heroin related offences) we would like whom was reported for conspiracy. to point out that Puglia ranked first, recording 240 On the other side, Albanians (344.88 kg seized) reports (+88.98%), Toscana ranked second, with 151 ranked third (with 356 persons), but almost the half persons (+1,272.73%), Campania ranked third with of them was reported for conspiracy. 131 persons (+40.86%) and Liguria ranked fourth The Albanian criminal groups are deeply rooted with 60 persons (+215.79%). mainly in Central-Northern Italy. The highest number An ad-hoc review of the four Southern regions of Albanians reported for heroin was registered (Sicilia, Calabria, Campania and Puglia) affected by in Toscana (109, +137%), Emilia (63, +26%), mafia-type organized crime, showed the following: Lombardia (51, +122%) and Liguria (51, +183%). − the quantity seized in those regions represented Analyzing the importance of the Eastern African route one fifth of the overall national amount, like in in drug trafficking, particular attention should be 2011; devoted in general to the African criminal networks. − the amount of persons reported: the total Specifically, in 2012, 30 Tanzanians were reported represented one fourth, while the reports for for heroin trafficking (+87-5%), over one third of conspiracy to heroin trafficking represented whom for conspiracy. 54.88% of all members of the organizations aimed As to couriers-swallowers, in 2012 32 persons at heroin trafficking. were identified, all of them were Africans (mainly In particular: Nigerians, but also Ghanians, Tanzanians and − Puglia: ranked first like in 2011, for number of Senegaleses), except for 5 Pakistanis and one Italian, persons reported for conspiracy (240 persons, with who were able to transport 17.745 kg of heroin. an increase of 88.98% and a percentage of 32.70% on the overall national amount), while it ranked second for seized quantities (+35.92%) and for total amount of reported persons (566, +19.66%); hashish borders: main seizures

Malpensa (VA) Orio al Seio) (BG 5.79 kg (-84.96%) 14.28 kg (-61.48%) Caselle (TO) 4.12 kg (11,391.81%) pa rt on e

0.33% 11.90% 0.82% 25.24%

0.24% 8.53%

Ventimiglia (IM) 63.34 kg (-79.66%) Bogo Panigale (BO) 9.48 kg (-46.62%)

3.65% 3.90% La Spezia Genova 0.55% 19.51% 560.00 kg 861.48 kg (-54.34%) c onte nts

32.26% 34.50% 49.63% 53.07%

Fertilia (SS) 4.56 kg (+168.26%)

0.26% 9.37% Civitavecchia (RM) Ciampino (RM) 76.38 kg (-58.57%) 3.09 kg (-69.29%) Olbia (SS) 66.07 kg (-5.13%)

4.40% 4.71% 0.18% 6.35% 3.81% 4.07% Porto Torres (SS) Isola Bianca (SS) 52.37 kg (+274.82%) 5.15 kg (-93.97%)

3.02% 3.23% 0.30% 0.32%

Incidence on the total of seizures at borders (1,735.77 kg)

..,..%

Persons reported at Incidence on seizures at borders: borders- total air sea land (315) 1^ 2^ 3^ 4^ 5^ 6^ 6^ 6^ 6^ 6^ (48.65 kg) (1,623.20 kg) (63.929 kg) Italians Spain Morocco France Switzerland Portugal Belgium Albania Romania Netherlands Brazil ..,..% ..,..% ..,..% (145) (56) (37) (34) (6) (3) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Foreigners (170) Last year, in terms of quantity, hashish was the most (Imperia). In 2012, 99.09% of the overall quantity of

seized drug (21,892.60 kg), i.e. 92% all over Italian hashish was intercepted at land borders (in 2011, it e on rt pa territory and 8% at borders, with an average increase was 97.44%, with 311.30 kg). of 8%. Also in this case, the hashish reaching our Country Generally, the drug flows follow the commercial overland mainly originated from Morocco, through routes. In particular regarding either hashish the route Spain-France. trafficking towards Italy and cocaine trade, the West As to the air borders, the quantities reaching Italy coast ports of the Peninsula are mainly used. were parcelled out and largely destined for central In the last five years, at the above-mentioned ports, and northern airports. In 2012, a significant and a total quantity of 16,000 kg of hashish was seized. general decrease was registered at all domestic Most of seizures were made at Ligurian Sea ports, airports, either international or national ones. in particular at the Port of Genova accounting for Malpensa (Varese) registered a drop of 32 kg (-85%), 91% on the overall value, in addition to the port Orio al Serio (Bergamo) of 23 kg (-61%), Bologna of of Civitavecchia (2.4%), of Livorno (2.3%), and in 8 kg (-47%), Ciampino (Rome) of 6.50 kg (-69%). nts onte c Sardegna (4.3% made at the port of Porto Torres, Some airports disappeared from the statistics of the Olbia, Golfo Aranci and Isola Bianca). reporting year, such as that of Fiumicino (Rome) The analysis of data regarding the last three years where in 2011, 30 kg of hashish were seized; of Pisa revealed that, in Genova, hashish was mainly (21 kg in 2011), Trapani (2.1 kg in 2011) and Cagliari smuggled by Moroccan nationals onboard cars coming (2.1 kg in 2011). from Morocco (a major world producer country). The In the last five years, at air borders, hashish has been huge hashish drugs haul occurred in 2010 at the port the second substance seized in terms of weight, after of Genova (7,233 kg), concealed inside a container cocaine. loaded on a cargo vessel coming from Pakistan and In the last three years, the most affected airports bound for Canada, represented an unusual case. where Malpensa (Varese) with 95 kg, Orio al Serio The aforesaid situation was also confirmed in 2012. (Bergamo) with 57 kg and Fiumicino with 41 kg. In fact, almost the total quantity of hashish (94%) As to the method of concealment in corpore, last year was intercepted and seized at the maritime borders, it was: especially at the port of Genova and La Spezia - In the second place, after cocaine, both for the (together totalling 82% of the overall quantity seized number (54 cases) and for the quantity (40 kg, at borders and 88% of seizures made at seaports). 22% of the drugs seized from couriers-swallowers Notwithstanding a significant decline of the quantities in 2012); seized with respect to the previous year, the port of - Only used at air borders in 10 different airports, Genova is always the main gateway of hashish to mainly in Northern Italy. In 9 of these airports Italy, totalling the half of seizures at borders by itself. (except for Malpensa) the hashish seizures were The west side of the Italian Peninsula is also mainly only made from swallowers. used to introduce hashish as far as the land borders are concerned. In particular, in the last three years, 532 kg of hashish were seized at the highway border post of Ventimiglia hashish seizures, persons reported and main operations ended in 2012

brenta (9) Veneto - hashish 203.68 kg Lombardia pa rt on e - cocaine 0.21 kg 3 undercover agents MI, Veneto

2.77% 0.76%

0.32% 17.79% 5.34% monterrey 6.27% camorra, cosa nostra (31) - hashish 495 kg 8.82% Lombardia 4.62% - cocaine 424 kg MO, NA, PA

Campania

Sicilia

Liguria 6.67% 2.44% celsius c onte nts (11) 1.83% hashish 7,233 kg 1 international controlled livery 1.97% GE

11.48% 0.74% 6.92%

Toscana

8.85% Lazio 3.38% Campania 1.07% heidi

camorra (27) - hashish 62 kg 1.68% - cocaine 10 kg - heroin 0.84 kg Lombardia SI, RM, NA, Lazio Campania

6.68% hasta la vista camorra, 'ndrangheta Seizures (69) (21,892 kg) - hashish 41 kg ≥ 0 kg - marijuana 1.56 kg ≥ 100 kg - cocaine 0.50 kg ≥ 500 kg - heroin 0.31 kg ≥ 1,000 kg RM, LT, Lombardia, Campania ≥ 5,000 kg

Persons reported at Regional incidence on the borders - total 1^ 2^ 3^ 4^ 5^ 6^ 7^ 8^ 9^ 10^ national total of antidrug (8,267) activities Morocco Tunisia Egypt Albania Spain Algeria Romania Senegal France Serbia .... (6,184) (1,153) (667) (130) (117) (85) (82) (80) (75) (52) (19) Italians ..,..% (5,449) Brazil Canada Colombia Nigeria Pakistan Peru Venezuela Foreigners (18) (1) (9) (12) (8) (5) (3) (2,818) As to the Italian territory, the drug operations In these regions, one-fourth of the total of persons

regarding hashish were above all made in: were reported and 64% (in 2011, it 47%) of the e on rt pa - Lombardia, which was in the lead both for the affiliates to the crime groups under Section 74 of the number of operations (+3.38%) and for the persons Presidential Decree No. 309 dating 1990. With regard reported to the Judicial Authority, as well as for to this serious offence (in 2012, a decrease of the the quantities of hashish seized (7,139.31 kg, number of persons reported to the Judicial Authority +53.85%); was registered) Sicilia (+97%) and Campania (+19%) - Lazio, which ranked second for the number of ranked first and second at national level, while Puglia operations and for the subjects reported (+8%), is in the fifth place (in 2011, it ranked first). while it was in the third place for the quantities Also in 2012, the foreign nationals who were mostly of seizures (2,174 kg) and in the fourth for the involved in hashish-related offences were Moroccans, number of affiliates to the criminal organizations equal to 41% of the total number, followed by to drug trafficking (+42%); Tunisians, Egyptians and Albanians.

- Campania, which ranked third for the operations In particular, both for the number of reports to the nts onte c (+20%) and for the number of persons reported to Judicial Authority concerning drug trafficking the Judicial Authority (+18%), while it was in the and conspiracy to drug trafficking, the Moroccan second place for the number of persons reported nationals were still in the lead, thus showing their full for conspiracy to drug trafficking (+19%) and in involvement in all phases of illicit trafficking, from the fourth place for the quantities seized (2,167 kg, import to the mere street pushing activity. +151%). As to the quantity of hashish seized, besides the A particular attention is given to four Southern Italian Moroccan nationals with 5,790 kg, there were the regions, where in 2012 a total quantity of hashish Bulgarians with 567 kg, the Nigerians with 560 kg equal to 3,653 kg was seized. It was almost one-fifth and the Romanians with 304 kg. of the overall quantity of hashish intercepted in Italy (in 2011, it was 8%).

Milan - 20 kg of hashish (October 2012) marijuana borders: main seizures Malpensa (VA) 20.83 kg (+7,344.29%) pa rt on e

0.24% 94.08%

Venezia 29.43 kg

0,34% 0,34%

Ventimiglia (IM) Ancona 4.25 kg (+212.50%) 774.63 kg (+53.22%)

0.05% 76.85% 0.90% 9.02% c onte nts Genova Acque antistanti (FG) 19.59 kg (+3,190.52%) 1,610.00 kg

0.23% 0.23% 18.70% 18.76% Bari 3,637.36 kg (+147.71%)

Olbia (SS) Isola Bianca (SS) 47.29 kg (+94,749.00%) 7.32 kg (+1,109.77%) 42.24% 42.47%

Acque antistanti (BR) 1,950.00 kg 0.55% 0.55% 0.09% 0.09%

22.64% 22.72%

Incidence on the total of Acque antistanti (LE) Brindisi seizures at borders 197.25 kg 308.76 kg (-52.39%) (8,611.69 kg)

..,..% 2.30% 2.29% 3.59% 3.60%

Persons reported at Incidence on seizures at borders: borders - total (158) air sea land 1^ 2^ 3^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 7^ 8^ 8^ 8^ (22.14 kg) (8,584.02 kg) (5.53 kg) Italians (57) Albania Switzerland France Spain Romania Germany Belgium Greece Poland USA ..,..% ..,..% ..,..% (40) (10) (6) (5) (5) (5) (4) (3) (3) (3) Foreigners (101) Last year, within 4,660 operations (+15.29%) in the port of Bari and in second instance in the

21,495.67 kg of marijuana were seized (the highest port of Ancona. Such seizures have been made from e on rt pa amount since 2002), almost the double with respect Albanians who landed with trucks coming from to 2011. Specifically: Albania, but also from Greece and in some cases − 12,879.99 kg (+55.57%) inland, as a result of an from Montenegro. increase of 17.43% of the operations; With relation to land borders, last year this drug − 8,616.68 kg (+225.46%) at borders, with an was introduced into Italy mainly through the Western increase of 80.49% of the interventions at sea border in Liguria. However, we should also point out borders and of 18.09% at air borders. the importance of the border post of Sterzing (BZ) In particular, the quantities seized at sea borders at which, since 2006, 769.61 kg of marijuana have deserve attention : 8,548.02 kg (+226.46%), been intercepted, which confirms the importance of representing 40% of the total at national level, which the Northern variant of the Balkan route. were almost completely intercepted at the Adriatic Finally, as to air borders , the main quantity of sea 1 ( 90 % in the ports of Puglia and in the waters in marijuana was seized at Malpensa airport /VA. nts onte c front of them ). In general, also in 2012 the records relating to In the last three years the marijuana seizures at sea marijuana body-packers were negligible: only two of borders (both in terms of number of seizures and them were stopped, one was Nigerian and the second quantities seized) have been carried out first of all Venezuelan, at the airports of Bologna and Venezia. Each one carried just a few grams of drug. 1 In the last five years at the ports on the Adriatic Sea 13,444 kg of marijuana have been seized.

Taranto - 442 kg of marijuana (January 2012) marijuana seizures, persons reported and main operations ended in 2012 pa rt on e

1.31% 1.01%

0.19% 9.70% 6.27%

3.35% daku (29) 6.72% 1.78% - marijuana 180.464 kg - cocaine 0.78 kg (1) TR, BA marijuana 567.6 kg BA 4.10% 2.08% Umbria 0,84%

Puglia (2)

c onte nts Puglia marijuana 1,290 kg 2.51% 16.03% BA

0.41% 8.91%

13.69% Puglia

4.08% 0.82%

Lazio

Veneto Basilicata

vito (76) 1.32% - marijuana 5 kg - cocaine 0.2 kg Puglia RM,VT, VE, MT (2) marijuana 250 kg BR 12.83%

Seizures (21.495 kg) ≥ 0 kg ≥ 100 kg ≥ 500 kg ≥ 1,000 kg ≥ 10,000 kg

Persons reported at 1^ 2^ 3^ 4^ 5^ 6^ 7^ 8^ 9^ 10^ Regional incidence on the borders - total national total of antidrug (5,838) activities Albania Nigeria Morocco Senegal Romania Tunisia Gambia Ghana Ivory Coast Egypt .... (4,660) Italians (279) (229) (138) (96) (87) (72) (58) (37) (33) (20) ..,..% (4,379)

Foreigners Greece (1,459) (7) The fight against marijuana trafficking, in terms of − 40% of the total number of the persons reported

operations, was carried out mainly in the following to the Judicial Authority at national level and 74% e on rt pa areas: of the persons reported for conspiracy to drug − Lazio: it ranked first for number of operations trafficking. With relation to the offence under Art. (+12.84%) and for number of persons reported 74 that registered an increase of 45% at national (+5.26%), while it ranked second for seized level, the following regions emerged: Sicilia, at the quantities (2,543.02 kg, +67.79%) and sixth for first place (+135%), Calabria, at the second place number of persons reported under Art. 74; (+133%) and Puglia at the third place (it ranked − Campania: it ranked second for number of first in 2011). operations (+5.11%) and third for number of Puglia, where 57% of the overall national amount persons reported; was intercepted- including maritime and territorial − Sicilia: ranked third both for number of operations areas- represents the major marijuana gateway into (+15.22%) and for quantities seized (2,133.30 kg, our country.

+657.34%), second for the amount of reported The very good results obtained in the above mentioned nts onte c persons (+10.63%) and first for amount of persons four regions were due to the operations carried out by reported under Art.74 (+135%); Law Enforcement agencies. Last year such operations − Lombardia: it ranked fourth both for number of increased by 23% in Calabria and Puglia, 15% in operations, for quantities seized and for persons Sicilia and 5% in Campania, respectively. reported, while it ranked eighth for persons In 2012 the foreigners reported for offences related to reported under Art. 74. marijuana trafficking were 1,459 (+19% with respect As to the four Southern regions (Sicilia, Calabria, to previous year), of Albanian, Nigerian, Moroccan, Campania e Puglia), considered separately due to the Senegalese, Rumanian and Tunisian nationalities. strong presence of organized crime, the following The marijuana trafficking is mainly run by Albanian data were registered: organizations, who were prosecuted mainly in Puglia − 15,201.38 kg were seized, representing 71% of and Sicilia and from whom 10,226.27 kg were the total amount at national level, a percentage seized, with an increase of 56%. overcoming the 46.98% registered in 2011. Besides Puglia, that with 12,220.50 kg intercepted Rovigo - 11.652 kg of marijuana (November 2012) (57% of the total National amount) ranked first with an increase of 189% in comparison with 2011, also Sicilia stood out. It ranked second, with an increase of 657% and Calabria, with a growth of 109%; in all these regions an increase was registered with respect to the already high national record of 97%; Also the seizure of 985.60 kg (+48.82%) from Rumanian nationals was very significant. A particular attention should be devoted also in our country to cannabis plants cultivation, pa rt on e from which both marijuana1 and hashish are produced. In 2012 4,122,595 cannabis plants were seized. Until recently in our country cannabis cultivation has been considered a home-made activity destined for a personal use. For a few years numerous and considerable plantations have been detected, mainly in Pontecagnano (SA) 130.5 kg of marijuana and 415 cannabis plants Central Italy, where favourable (September 2012) c onte nts climatic conditions and the type of lands help cultivation with very good results metres high) that could have made a profit of several both for quantity and quality. million Euros. Besides, especially in Southern Italy, marijuana The hemp cultivation is also helped by other factors, plants type skunk (a hybrid deriving from the mix first of all the Internet and the gradual diffusion of of cannabis sativa and cannabis indica, and sold until the so-called smart shops2, that allow to easily buy now in the Dutch coffee shops) are grown up, having the seeds and to cultivate the plants thanks to the an active ingredient 15% higher than the one of the precise explanation of the cultivation techniques traditional cannabis. and the wide range of products and instruments 99% of crops was detected in Sicilia, Calabria, offered (for example powerful fertilizers, particular Campania and Puglia. The seizure of 6,071 plants in irrigation and lightning systems). Sardegna places this region in fifth position. Last year a huge indoor plantation of over 1 km was Direct cultivation offers higher profits to the criminal detected in Rome, and 340 kg of marijuana with a organizations, lower costs and lower risks connected high active principle were seized. to purchase and transport. Furthermore, by “surfing” on the web it is possible A few years ago a cooperating witness stated that to exchange a wide range of information on the Cosa Nostra was behind the proliferation of such substances, how and where to find them, how to crops in Sicilia. prepare them, doses and its consumption methods. In summer 2007 in Palermo inland, between San Giuseppe Jato and Corleone, within a mafia investigation the largest clandestine cannabis indica plantation ever detected in Europe was seized (approx. one million and a half plants over three

2 These shops are increasing both in number and in turnover, which 1 From a cannabis plant an average of 100 g of marijuana are obtained. could be attractive for criminal organizations. synthetic drugs

e on rt pa borders: main seizures

Malpensa (VA) Ponte Chiasso (CO) Vipiteno (BZ) 2.12 kg (+40.01%) 60 doses (+400.00%) 4.09 kg

26.32% 80.00% 94.68% 14.13% 20.09% 2.27%

Borgo Panigale (BO) 45 doses

19.74% 30.82% nts onte c

Bari Caselle (TO) 0.12 kg 37 doses (+1,750.00%)

0.80% 92.31%

16.23% 25.34%

Fiumicino (RM) 8.23 kg (+1,698.03%)

Elmas (CA) 54.87% 78.01% 55 doses

24.12% 37.67%

Incidence on the total of seizures at borders (15.01 kg; 228 doses)

..,..%

Incidence on seizures at borders: Persons reported at borders - total (21) air sea land 1^ 1^ 1^ 1^ 1^ 1^ 1^ 1^ (10.55 kg; 146 doses) (0.13 kg; 7 doses) (4.32 kg; 75 doses) Italians (13) Switzerland France Spain Colombia Bulgaria Turkey Austria Philippines ..,..% ..,..% ..,..% (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Foreigners (8) The synthetic drug market is multifaceted in terms Euros and that of an amphetamine dose ranges from of production, trafficking flows, modus operandi, 15 to 18 Euros. Hence the turnover from a few kilos/ supply and demand. litres of such substances is remarkable. The market is articulated and complex due to the Seizures mainly increased at borders (+634.92%, flourishing of countless and new psychoactive1 from 2.04 kg in 2011 to 15.01 kg in 2012). substances and its growing on-line trading, which It is an extremely positive result above all considering pa rt on e not only allows to easily buy drugs and get them that the ways of trafficking and selling are more delivered at home by national and international and more innovative, cunning and hence difficult to couriers but also to have access to a wider and more identify. variegated range of products. As to air borders almost all the seizures (in kilos) They are a series of substances and mixtures with occurred at the airports in Fiumicino and Malpensa. stimulating and/or psychoactive and hallucinogenic Mention must be made of an Italian body-packer who effects, sold in different forms (pills, drops, drinks was stopped at the airport in Bologna with 45 tablets “joints”, etc..). In many cases they belong to the of M.D.M.A. Although the case is not important so-called smart drugs, that is drugs which are not from a statistical point of view, the nationality of the punishable by law since they are not listed as such courier and the method of concealment are worth of or for their active principles in the tables of drugs attention. and psychoactive substances under Presidential As to land borders, almost all synthetic drug seizures c onte nts Decree 309/1990. Indeed it is not possible to forbid (in kilos) occurred at the highway border post in the use of products somehow similar to drugs and the Sterzing (BZ) while 60 ecstasy doses were seized at synthetic substances are to be found in a countless the border crossing point in Ponte Chiasso (CO). series of molecular compounds which are not always Sea borders continued to be of little importance. classified as drugs of abuse. At regional level the operations carried out by the At international level this variegated range of drugs law-enforcement agencies gave the following results: is usually referred to as ATS (amphetamine-type − Lombardia ranked 1st as to the number of operations stimulants). This term is linked to the two main carried out, 2nd as to the overall number of persons groups of stimulating substances of the brain system: reported and 3rd as to the seizures in kilos and 4th − amphetamines: amphetamines and as to the seizures in doses; metamphetamines; − Lazio ranked 2nd as to the number of operations, − “ecstasy”: M.D.M.A., M.D.A., M.D.E.A. and 1st as to the seizures in weight (22.14 kg (+37%) similar substances. i.e. 33% of the total domestic amount) and the In 2012 in comparison to the previous year synthetic number of persons reported (+72%) as well as to drugs seizures in Italy highlighted an increase the number of persons belonging to a syndicate of 37.60% as to the doses seized (22,727 doses, under Art. 74 (+375%), while it ranked 2nd for the mainly as tablets) and an increase of 31.67% of the number of seizures in doses; overall weight (66.20 kg). Such an amount may − Emilia Romagna ranked 3rd as to the number sound irrelevant if compared to the tons seized for of operations, doses seized (+83%) and persons other drugs but it is remarkable since to obtain a doze reported while it ranked 5th as to the seizures an average of 0.15 and 0,20 grams for each dose is carried out (in weight). required. The retail price of an ecstasy dose is 12-15

1 There are at least 150 new synthetic drugs on the Italian market, according to the Department for Antidrug Policies at the Presidency of the Council of Ministers. In 2011, according to Europol 65, new synthetic drugs had appeared in the previous two years synthetic drugs

seizures, persons reported and main e on rt pa operations ended in 2012 Seizures by doses

0.00% 3.53% aroma compound 2 2.88%

(34) 25.32% - GBL 6.36 kg 5.13% - 16,500 € 4.17% - 6 Internet sites 13.78% 34 national controlled deliveries 2.24% TO, MI, LO, VE, TV, PC, RE, RN, 0.96% 5.90% LI, PO, PE, NA, RG 0.32%

Piemonte LombardiaVeneto 3.21% E. Romagna

0.32% nts onte c Toscana 19.23% Sicilia Campania

5.45% Abruzzo 3.53%

3.21% 0.00% Seizures by weight 0.64%

0.00% 3.53% 2.88%

25.32% 5.13% 1.92% 4.17%

13.78% Marche

2.24% (1) 0.96%

5.90% DMT (N,N-Dimethyltryptamine) 20 kg 0.32% 1 national controlled delivery

3.21% AN

19.23% Lazio 0.32% 5.45% (1)

3.53% ketamine (soaked in towels)

3.21% 0.00% 1 national controlled delivery RM

Lazio 0.64% (1) Seizures by doses YABA (methamphetamine) 1,910 tablets (22,727) 1 national controlled delivery ≥ 0 1.92% ≥ 200 RM ≥ 500 ≥ 1000 ≥ 10,000

Persons reported at Seizures by Regional incidence on the national total of borders - total weight (423) 1^ 2^ 3^ 4^ 4^ 6^ 6^ 6^ 6^ 10^ (66.20 kg) antidrug activities (309) ≥ 0 kg Italians Philippines Iran Spain Albania Bulgaria China Morocco Switzerland Tunisia Bangladesh ..... ≥ 0.5 kg (292) (73) (9) (5) (4) (4) (3) (3) (3) (3) (2) ≥ 1 kg ..,..% ≥ 5 kg Foreigners ≥ 10 kg (131) Marche ranked 2nd as to the seizures carried out (in and above all in the Philippines where the drug is kilos). Around 21 kg (+9.553%), representing 31% very common. It is usually considered an ethnic of the total domestic amount was seized, while the drug, mainly consumed by the Philippine community. highest number of doses was seized in Campania However latest investigations have revealed that (15,118, equal to 67% of the domestic amount). also Italian nationals, above all young people, are In the last two years the overall number of the persons consumers or act as street-dealers of this drug. pa rt on e reported has remained stable while the number of Iranians ranked 2nd; 9 Iranian nationals were involved Italians belonging to organizations aimed at synthetic in methamphetamine trafficking. drug trafficking has been increasing (from 2% to 4%). Mention must be made in particular of ketamine, The incidence of foreign nationals reported to the a powerful veterinarian anaesthetic which is Judicial authority is equal to 31% of the total number widespread among young people, mainly at discos or of persons reported during rave parties for its psychoactive effects. The In 2012 as in the previous year Filipinos were the substance, which is often taken together with other most numerous ( +12%). 73 Filipinos were reported drugs, is produced above all in Canada and in the for methamphetamine chloride1, one of the purest Peoples’ Republic of China and is used and smuggled forms of methamphetamines, better known as shaboo, mainly by the Chinese community. a word which is widely used in the Asiatic countries Mephedrone which was born as a fertilizer and is now listed among the stimulating synthetic drugs is c onte nts linked to the Chinese community too. 1 It is usually smoked in glass pipes or it is warmed up in aluminum foil or with electric-light bulbs so to inhale the smoke with straws. It can also be swallowed, sniffed or intravenously injected.

Naples - 15,000 tablets of ecstasy (July 2012) CONTENTS a og NE O N N RT O O O antidr TWO and

H r N AND o O SUPP DIREZI PERATI al RDINATI e G G RD emicals OO OO O h h N RESEARC RDINATI c precurs

ISTIC O t OO NAL C REW OG O ver TRAININ PLANNIN FO R C ATIVE C o G RMATI l FO o FO essential NICAL-L IN ICE H ntr o INTERNATI INVESTI c OFF TEC

ACTIVITIES of PART CENTRALE PER I SERVIZI

PA RT TW O CONTENTS 1st Section 3rd Section 2nd Section 2nd Division on i Cocaine Coordination of Italian drug liaison offices abroad and foreign liaison offices in Italy Relations with the Customs Administration service III service Antidrug operation cooperat 1st Section 3rd Section 2nd Section

1st Division Heroin Cannabis and its derivates Synthetic drugs and Precursors onal Office for General i oordination and Planning C 1st Section 3rd Section 2nd Section 2nd Division nternat i Servizi Antidroga deals with international the developmentrelations, the of working andout of strategic operational analysis coordination as well of as national drug and international the levels. investigative general activities at I Drug trafficking is a transnational phenomenon, as a result the Direzione Centrale per i Servizi Antidroga maintains and developsforeign counterparts, close also contacts LawEnforcement throughAttachés. withThis allows itsto constantly its network monitor of both the trafficking different originates contexts and develops where and drug to find a Data processing centre D.A.D.E. (Direzione Antidroga Data Entry) Archives and Library director service ii service

esearch, studies and information R 1st Section 2nd Section 1st Division dcsa Strategic analysis Operational analysis Personnel Accounting office t aria Section 2nd Division Technical equipment, Technical and Telecommunications Car fleet Interpreters Confidential files Logistics secret service i service nternational and GeneralAffairs I 4th Section 1st Section 3rd Section 2nd Section 1st Division Research, Studies, Legal Affairs Bilateral International Affairs oreword Multilateral International Affairs Training courses Training * Organizational chart up to December 31, 2012 F In the last affected decades all continents, the often drug becomingwith very negative a phenomenon effects global on theof hasvital issue,each sectorscountry, such as healthundoubtedly andproblema difficult economy.tosolve both because It is drug producers and traffickers are often protected by and close to terror groups and becauserapidly changes theandthe routes andscenariomarkets aremostly managed by skilled multinational criminal groups. In order to curb drug supplynecessary in toa adoptproper target-orientedway it andis counterstrategies effectively develop cooperationinternational agencies. between drug In line with these goals, the Direzione Centrale per CONTENTS PA RT two − are following: the Attaché missions Enforcement Law diplomatic hosting the present, At levels. judicial cooperation at police and problems to solution rapid − − − Last but not least the Direzione Centrale per i Servizi Servizi i per Centrale Direzione the least not but Last Ocean. illicit Atlantic the in air suppress and sea by to trafficking drug agency international an Narcotics Lisbon, – Center Operation “ the at officer has liaison a Antidroga also Servizi i per Centrale Direzione The shelter. find fugitives) (often crime Italian organized the of targets where or Italy in settlements or links close with pervasive and is aggressive crime post particularly organized to where possible countries be to those in also experts According will it countries. approach new transit this major as particularly or become Italy reaching drug the have of origin of countries which experts as important the areas posting those perspective, in counteractions Italian the an target from better to all, above and, needs latest the meet to possible be will it way this In in probably 2014. as in Accra well as Domingo Santo and Beijing, Skopje new Barcelona, Madrid, while in closed opened be be will seats will 2012) in closed posted), already be were (which Beirut will and Bangkok Lima, Security Public Department of another the of Law from Directorate Central a Attaché (where Enforcement Islamabad, in Moscow seats Budapest, the result, a As trafficking. drug international the of scenario account changing into taking revised being presently is offices these of location The

City in America; in Mexico City and Paz, Brasilia La Aires, Buenos Caracas, Bogota, Miami, Dakar e Rabat in Africa; in Rabat e Dakar Ankara, Istanbul, Islamabad, Islamabad, Istanbul, in Asia; Tashkent and Kabul Teheran, Ankara, Budapest and Moscow in Europe. in Moscow and Budapest Maritime Analysis and and Analysis Maritime ” (M.A.O.C.-N.) in in (M.A.O.C.-N.) ”

m e Z x A ic P o A c L i t y heroin routes”), focusing the attention of the Group Group the of attention the focusing routes”), heroin the together Germany, with headed, D.C.S.A. concerned, is 2010) drug June 4 and 3 on international Council guidelines JHA the by against (adopted the trafficking” Pact of “European implementation the the of as far As level. European at the in coordination their and policies participating drug the of field, drafting drug the in activities all the controls and to education, rise gives HDG security, The prevention). policy, foreign more (health, covers topics Countries, Third with cooperation the and Council the by fight drug the of coordination the both ensure to order in up set was which H.D.G., The Union. European the of (H.D.G.) Council the of Group” Drug the “Horizontal in the of participated meetings actively Antidroga Servizi Centrale i Direzione per the level multilateral at 2012 In Toulon. in located M.), – its (Ce.C.L.A.D. Mediterranean the in with Fight Drug the of Coordination the for contacts Centre the counterpart, constant foreign maintains Antidroga

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Project Group no. 2 no. Group Project

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l b u PA RT two CONTENTS ) in ), the . Moreover, th United Nation Head of National D.C.S.A. Director participated also this year in the Commission Drugs on Narcotics (C.N.D.), organization responsible the for the targeting international drug strategy level. at United Nations It was also an opportunity to reinforce the bilateral relations authorities with of the some non-EU drug (Colombia, countriesIran e Mexico). In 2012 alwaysNations, within a the Direzione United representative Centrale Antidroga of per participated meeting the of in i HONLEA ( the Servizi Drug XXII Law Enforcement Agencies November 2012) and Western Balkans (10 December 2012). Within U.N.O.D.C. Office ( on Drugs and Crime Antigua (Guatemala), on the of occasion the UN international day on drugs Kabul Is t la en m k a h b the second plan concerns training trainingin Italy centreat the of the Guardiadestined for di the Finanza, police it dog isunits and the Gendarmerieof Cape in Senegal, Verde to be used at airand sea borders (ports) of both countries. s a the first plan concerns the countermeasuresstrengthening at of airportsthe in Ghana. developedIt will withinbe the AIRCOP project, financedwhich is by the through European the formula Union “on-the andjob-training” destined Canadaand is for Ghana police officers; and Customs senior a

d T which is held annually on June 26 − D.C.S.A. Director was Executive invited Director by to the make UN.O.D.Cimpact a of presentation Italian on organized the drug crimetrafficking on at the international United Nations inHeadquarters NewYork. Thepartnership with U.N.O.D.C. was also developed through the drafting of two important projects which are underway: −

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B combating heroin and its through precursors the trafficking Balkan Action region Plan on the “Western inBalkans”. the Operational implementation of the financed with TAIEX European “joint” funds; training to be p drafting a handbook on the specialtechniques investigative to be used in the investigations carried out in cooperation with the Third countries of the Balkan area;

T Moreover D.C.S.A. contributeddocument to on work “EU out adopted the Drugby the Council Strategy of 7the (2013-2020)”,DecemberEuropean 2012, Unionwhich on is preparatory“European to theDrugs nextAction Plan (2013-2016)”,is still beingwhich discussed. At EU level the DirezioneAntidroga Centrale participates per i inGroup” Servizi and the works the Council results of of are the “Dublin then European adopted Union. reports concerns by In the following areas: particular, the South-East Asia last and China (6 November 2012); Western Africa (29 − − on the following priorities: − d

A N

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CONTENTS PA RT two − ones: following the of made be must mention meetings, 2012 Among − in the XXIX Conference XXIX the in participated Director D.C.S.A. that to remind It is also • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

strategy in the Mediterranean region); Mediterranean the in strategy (also common and European the Project addressing partnership for responsible III Euro-Mediterranean Euromed as General known Enforcement within Law Director the of meeting 1st Center Operations 2012). September 26 and 25 (Lisbon, the of meeting Analysis (M.A.O.C.-N.): Maritime blica of the United States United the of blica Contribution to the proposal of an Agreement with Austria on law-enforcement bilateral cooperation; bilateral the law-enforcement of on Austria drafting the with to Agreement an Contribution of proposal the to Contribution Participation in the preparatory work for negotiations on signing an agreement with Colombia on the fight fight the on the Colombia with with Understanding of agreement an Memorandum a sign to signing proposal on the in Participation negotiations for work trafficking; drug coope against preparatory law-enforcement the on in Bolivia of State crime; Participation organized of Multinational the field with the Swiss in the agreement with ration an of cooperation drafting the to bilateral Cooperation law-enforcement on proposal agreement an Confederation; of drafting the Affairs; to Foreign of Contribution Ministries the between operation Coordination meeting at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in view of the assignments of the Italian Ambassadors Ambassadors Italian 2012). the of December (11 assignments the of (Nicaragua) view Managua in and Affairs Rica) Foreign (Costa of José 2012); San Ministry in October the (10 at Stefano meeting Under-Secretary De the and Carlo IVANOV Pref. Coordination FSKN Interior, Russian the the 2012); of with Cancel October Interior Ministry 8 the the of Annamaria (Rome, of Ministry Fedotov Prefetto the at Yuri Interior, Amb. Director the DCSA of of Director, Meeting Minister Executive the between U.N.O.D.C. the Havana, meeting and in the in lieri, Ambassador Director DCSA Italian of new 2012); the of July (10 Participation assignment the Robustelli of view Carmine in 2012); Plen. Affairs May Min. (17 Foreign Republic of the Kingdom in Ministry United the started the at be of to Meeting Embassy the activities at seminar bilateral the on Italian-UK Affairs 2012); Foreign March of (6 Cuba Ministry of the at meeting Coordination Finalization of a bilateral cooperation agreement with Cuba’s National Revolutionary Police (21-26 May 2012). May (21-26 Police Revolutionary National Cuba’s with cooperation; agreement law-enforcement on cooperation Kenya Italy-Mexico with bilateral a III of the agreement during Finalization bilateral a beings human drafting in and 2013); weapons May Participation 24 drugs, (Rome in Commission trafficking illicit Binational crime, transnational against (IDEC), organized by the Indonesian Indonesian the by organized (IDEC), International Drug Enforcement Enforcement Drug International of Mexico on strengthening the judicial and law-enforcement cooperation in the fight fight the in cooperation law-enforcement and judicial the strengthening on Mexico of MEETINGS TO FINALIZE COOPERATION AGREEMENTS COOPERATION FINALIZE TO MEETINGS Board Executive Memorandum of Understanding of Memorandum INTERNATIONAL BILATERAL MEETINGS BILATERAL INTERNATIONAL which are summarized in tables No. 3/A, 3/B, 3/C e 3/C 3/D. meetings 3/B, 3/A, No. tables international in concerned summarized the are is which on placed cooperation is bilateral emphasis the as far As involved. organizations criminal the and international proceeds drug of on laundering the information trafficking, drug the sharing by regional level, at all above law- agencies, between of the cooperation improving at conference aiming agencies largest drug enforcement world’s the is IDEC meeting. Administration Enforcement US Drug the and USA with together which Agency, Drug with Afghanistan on long-term bilateral co bilateral long-term on Afghanistan with Procuraduria General de la Repu la de General Procuraduria co-chaired the the co-chaired TABLE No. 3/B No. TABLE TABLE No. 3/A No. TABLE - - - - PA RT two CONTENTS

of TABLE No. 3/C TABLE No. 3/D Unidad Antidroga (KOM) of Turkey, accompanied by the Comando Antidroga of the Guardia Nacional eadquarters - Rome - March 6, 2012 H VISITS (O.N.A.), Head of the (Havana 9 – 11 February 2012); to the Direzione Centrale per i Servizi Antidroga INTERNATIONAL VISITS OF D.C.S.A. DIRECTOR IN 2012 Unidad de Procesamiento de Información Delictual della Guardia Nacional Bolivariana erman delegation at D.C.S.A. G delegation of the Federal Republic of Germany (6 March 2012); Oficina Nacional Antidroga Kaçakçılık ve Organize Suçlarla Mücadele Daire Baskanlıgı , Head of the Policia Técnica de Investigaciones Meeting with the DEA and FBI Regional Directors in Miami (Miami, 20 September 2012). DEA and FBI General HeadquartersM. Leonhart and e RobertAcademies. S. Mueller Meetings III with(Washington the respective and Quantico, top-level 17 - 19 officers, September Michelle2012); Delegation of Head of the Liaison Officers’ Unit of the Swiss Confederation (5 June 2012); President of the M.A.O.C.-N. Director, Dott. Josèof Ferreirathe Portuguese Leite, NationalHis Excellency UnitJanuary for Renato 2012);the fight Varriale, against Ambassador drug trafficking, of Italy, Dott.the JoaquimHead Pereira, (Lisbon, 25 – 26 Military attaché at the Embassy of Mexico in Italy (5 March 2012); Bolivariana Law-Enforcement Attaché in Istanbul (Venice and Trieste: 3-6 December 2012). Bundeskriminalamt the Head of the General Directorate of Cuba’s Revolutionary National Police and Head of the (Intelligence) and Director of the Criminal Police (Caracas, 6 – 8 February 2012);

• • • • • • • • • CONTENTS PA RT two Foreign drug agencies increased their requests for for requests their increased agencies drug Foreign organizations. crime of trends and the developments new the on widening officers drug in of knowledge role fundamental a plays Training authorities. foreign by also were appreciated which Servizi highly seminars i and per courses hosted Centrale Antidroga Direzione of the training, favor particular In in drug agencies. courses law-enforcement drug foreign and fosters national refresher and Section qualification Training The T • • • • • • • • •

raining Administration) who organized the practical exercise and simulated undercover operations, held at D.C.S.A. D.C.S.A. at held operations, undercover of Enforcement simulated agents (Drug 2012. and and December, instructors 7 – exercise officers D.E.A. of November 26 practical team a the of Headquarters, organized inspectors/non-commissioned participation who of the with favor in Administration) agencies Agents” Prison law-enforcement the of Undercover three at Centre the for Training held Dog Course the at agencies Drug D.C.S.A. “XXII of November; law-enforcement 27 21- representatives three Asti, by in the held Police of Handlers” Dog personnel “Drug 2012; for the November Course 20 Antidroga; for - 19 Servizi i per destined Headquarters, Centrale Agents 2012, D.C.S.A. Direzione the of November Undercover 12-14 Section for Police, Equipment Criminal Seminar Technical the of the of Directorate personnel the Enforce Central for Law the at for destined held Studies law- mechanics fine Advanced three officers on of the senior course College of September; two Training 21 and - 17 Mexico Multiagency Rome, the from in at officers/officials coming held Officials senior Paraguay, ment officers of for senior two of intelligence destined drug Units”, the participation from Drug the with Bari, in Specialized agencies the located of enforcement Legion Heads for Trainees the for at destined held Italy, Course and “XII South-East agencies in precursors 2012; law-enforcement and May 24 three - 21 the of trafficking drug illicit 2012; officers/officials May against Communications senior 14-16 fight and the on Postal the headquarters, course by held D.C.S.A. at Interregional Line”, D.C.S.A. by “PROGETTO@On the organized of Internet and the Centre Police and 2012; Training drugs March and on 22 Me (PG), Breeding course Dog Lago the del Concealment at Preparatory handlers Castiglion Trafficking, in dog Drug for Finanza Course di International Guardia and Specialization Routes 47th the at of Operations, held Centre Drug thods” of Training 2012; Specialized “Coordination the on January at 20 held Conference Orvieto, in Trafficking” Drug Finanza di Guardia International and the Production “World on Conference SEMINARS, COURSES AND CONFERENCES OF NATIONAL RELEVANCE NATIONAL OF CONFERENCES AND COURSES SEMINARS, as shown in tables No. 3/E, 3/F and 3/G. and 3/F 3/E, No. tables in shown as organized, were activities training of series a 2012 In agencies. enforcement law- between cooperation the consolidated (CEPOL) Academy European in Police the participation by both the organized and courses programmes, foreign attendees, and training of teachers the as in representatives agencies of drug involvement and The technical at levels. training operational of terms in exchange an TABLE No. 3/E No. TABLE - - PA RT two CONTENTS - - - - - F G TABLE No. 3/ TABLE No. 3/ CEPOL Courses STUDY VISITS AND DRUG TRAINING COURSES OF INTERNATIONAL RELEVANCE ctober 24, 2012 O Rome - D.C.S.A. Director Presentation during the seminar “The fight against drug trafficking by sea” Within the program of theCentral NATO-RUSSIAAsian countries Council,personnel”, “PilotD.C.S.A.at theProjectprovided Training its forassistanceCentre Counter-narcotics induring theDomodedovo law-enforcement7 conferences training(Russianand the attachéseminars ofFederation), Afghan operatingheld and Tashkentin these (Uzbekistan) countries. and Istanbul (Turkey) by Course in favor of police membersin Sarajevo of the ( Bosnia),Federal State 10 - 15of DecemberBosnia, organized2012; by a D.C.S.A. training team, held Seminar on international law headed by the Chief of Police – Director General of Public Security, Prefect Anto Course in favor of members ofteam, the Albanianheld in Tiranapolice (Albania),(Internal Control19 - 23 Section),November 2012; organized by a D.C.S.A. training Course in favor of membersSeptember of 2012;the Albanian police, organized by anio D.C.S.A.,Manganelli trainingon the fight team, againstdestined Tirana, drug traffickingfor senior24 - byofficers/officials, 28sea: legislativeticipation instruments ofinspectors, University and non-commissioned professors,operationalcooperating techniques”representatives officerscountries, working ofheld international inRome,at this the24 field, OctoberMultiagency bodies, with 2012; ambassadorsthe College par andof Advancedliaison officersStudies of for Law Enforcement Officials in Study visit to Italy of representatives of the Bosnian police, at D.C.S.A. headquarters , 4 - 6 June 2012; An official of the Carabinieridrug Corps trafficking, participated illegal in the immigration course “EU and – Westerntrafficking Balkans in humanorganizedAn official beings”, crime ofheld linksthe in Guardia Ploiestion di (Romania),Finanza participated25 – 27 Sep in the course “EU Policy Cycle for Organised and Serious In A senior state police officerries”, participated held in Legionowo in the course (PL), “Training16-27 April on dismantling 2012; illicit synthetic drugs laborato tember 2012; ternational Crime”, held in Farnham (United Kingdom), 9 – 12 October 2012.

• • • • • • • • • D.C.S.A. participation: CONTENTS PA RT two - : allows This activities. undercover all above and operations special out so to carry units to drug officers operational specialized and Italian equipment high-tech the It provides units. by out carried Antidroga activity drug Servizi the level logistical i and technical at per supports strongly Centrale Direzione The T

echnical Technical equipment used during drug investigations drug during used equipment Technical bugging, satellite location, video and photo photo of and capability investigative room video the increasing for location, taking, equipment satellite bugging, sophisticated install to - L ogistical

S upport − video (No. 33), audio (No. 9) and GPS (No. 21) 21) (No. GPS and 9) (No. systems. audio 33), (No. installing video and cars 837 local them providing supported offices, drug Section Equipment Technical The

law-enforcement agencies; law-enforcement equipment and their concealment in favor of of favor in agencies. law-enforcement and drug concealment foreign their and equipment technical of use the on courses training organize to PA RT two CONTENTS is mainly based on operational analysis to rapidly attaché in order to inform establish contacts with foreign counterparts Italian and foreign law-enforcement attaché law-enforcement posted to Italy. to highlight investigations, the marginal investigative leads; suggesting aspects of possible the new to trace back the drug and money transfer flows; to identify subjects andorganization; their roles within the 53 information reportsfor participating which in werethe international necessary foramaking andcontributions for to Europol AWFs, to which D.C.S.A is paying more and more attention. 76reports onthe situation ofthe fight against drug trafficking in foreign states and thewith Italycooperation in the field of counternarcotics activitywhich were preparatory to the meetings Direzionethe betweenCentrale foreignits and counterparts.

In 2012 this approach was adopted in 146 operations allowing to understand thethe criminal connections scenario between andto the the syndicate under subjects investigation,interconnect belonging as well the as drug to coordination operations and provide precise information so useful toto orientate investigations. facilitate As far as information research is intoconcerned, account taking the spread of criminalthe phenomena Internet, via the DirezioneAntidroga Centrale continues per to i pay Servizi particular attention to − − − By contrast institutional sources. It starts when the investigationcarried out by the investigating local unit overlaps highlights with other amount enquiries of or when informationapproach. the huge requires The hits between a the investigations specialized withare highlighted reference plate to numbers etc.., subjects,using an ad-hoc software telephonegraphically which numbers, shows situations the which otherwise links are difficult to grasp. and In this way it is possible soon : clarifies − − − . research

allows todraw upsituation reports legal highs ormation f technical information on web sitesdrug trade, dealing both scheduled with substances and the so- called statistical data on involved in illicit drug drug trafficking; seizures and persons main drug operations; movement of precursors and chemical substances; information on transit organizations directives managing the different stages; and criminal dataon world production areas and relevant levels of production; n

trategicanalysis The analysis of such to data have which a clear are picture fundamental toand targetget useful law-enforcement information activity strategic is and carried operational levels. out at S on the problems connected to the drug phenomenonand its implications. Dataare developed by criminal analysts both through the dedicated software, in which the field is of used intelligence, worldwide institutional and through and openthe sources,use of such asnewspaper the Internet, reports, studies specialized carried magazines, out surveys by by research field centres. category associationsMoreover, strategic and analysis aims at identifyinggeneraltrends ofdrug trafficking the astodrug directives connectionsflows,itsandtransnational with organized crime and traffickers’ modus operandi. The study suchof trends allows to better allocate resources and to choose the best methods and techniquesdrug trafficking. to combat To this end infollowing reports were the issued: year under examination the − − − − − Drug trafficking consumption and have become a more the and more complex socialphenomenon. impact Statistical of analysestrends and its have allow an to up-datedand internationaloverview study scenarios.of national This method allows to information carry out in-depth research studies, andthorough analysis of: intelligence through− a I CONTENTS PA RT two Investigative coordination meeting at D.C.S.A. D.C.S.A. at meeting coordination Investigative networks social to up consumption, and use of trends narcotics the analyzing of contents those multimedia with to sites to drugs similar effects with abuse of substances of selling the proposing sites Internet the from goes interest of unit sphere multifaceted and wide its Its through Internet, “ the on trafficking drug Squadra Drug@OnLine Squadra ”. H eadquarters by law-enforcement agencies with the involvement authorities. involvement Judicial the of the with agencies law-enforcement by into investigated 108 further and Ministers, checked of were sites web Council the of Presidency the at Policies Anti-drug upon of 2012, Department the In of subject. information this with dealing blogs and PA RT two CONTENTS - - H TABLE No. 3/ recursors catalysts: compounds reactions. speeding up chemical solvents: liquids used substance; to dissolve or purify a reagents: products used to bring about a reaction; P

Taking into consideration the products importance in the fight against of drugs, these regulations have been developed (see table No. 3/H) at international national level. andThey are aimed at enforcing more and more effective evaluation proceduresauthorizations based on in case and oftrade activities, precursors as well destination.as on production controlling their The new legislation establishes the a traders set dealing of in dutiessuch substances; for the amongobligation them to notify the Direzione CentraleServizi Antidrogaper i of any transaction concerning23 substances, the divided into three schedules (see table No. 3/I) depending on their dangerousness. − − − on

aw L of

ources S and precursors

chemicals over

nitoring of trade in drug precursors273/2004 betweenof the the CommunityEuropean containing andParliament third rulescountries; and controlling of the intra-communityNo.Council 1277/2005 of of the tradethe Commission ofEuropean drug of tationEuropeanprecursors; Union of Communities mentioneddated February datedRegulations July 27,11, 2005, (EC) 2004 establishing No. 273/2004 the and implemen No. 111/2005. No.111/2005 of the Council of the European Union of December 22, 2004 laying down the rules for the mo

- - National legislation. The national legislation on drugand precursorsPsychotropic is containedSubstances, in approvedart.70,the Consolidating as by amended Presidential Actby art.of the decree1 ofLaws the ofon LegislativeOctoberNarcotic 9, Drugs 1990Decree No.309 of March and 24,in 2011,particular No. 50. in International legislation. Vienna Convention (United Nationsand Convention) psychotropic of December substances, 20, 1988 ratified against illicitby law traffickingNo. 328 of inNovember narcoticEC laws 5, drugs contained1990. in Regulations(EC):- essential chemicals: chemicals obtain indispensable a specific to reaction (e.g. necessaryacetic to anhydride,produce heroin); Precursors:manufactureessentialchemicalsto used chemical products. They the are final incorporated molecular into structureephedrine, of the from drug obtained); (e.g. which methamphetamine is ontrol

c. a. b. − Thefightagainst theso-called “precursors diversion”, i.e. the illicit trade in chemicals industriallegally used field,in the is one effectively of combating the strategies drug particularly production aimed focused theby“Drug Precursors at whichWorking was Group” (D.P.W.G.) of the European Commission, in which D.C.S.A. representatives take part. In general, the termsubstances depending precursor on their different includes use. the Infollowing differentfact, technical definitions are considered: − C essential CONTENTS PA RT two Substance S Substance S Substance S Methyl ethyl ketone ethyl Methyl Acetone ether Ehyl Toluene Acid Sulfuric Acid Hydrocloric 3,4-Methylenodioxyphenil -2-pro panone 3,4-Methylenodioxyphenil Potassium permanganate Potassium Piperidine AnthranilicAcid Acid Phenylacetic Anhydride Acetic lisergico Acido Ergotamine Ergometrine Norephedrine Pseudoephedrine Ephedrine Safrole Piperonal trans) + (cis Isosafrole acid N-acetyl-anthranilic 1-phenil-2-propanone chedule 3 controlled substances controlled 3 chedule chedule 2 controlled substances controlled 2 chedule substances controlled 1 chedule - Illicit use Illicit Illicit use Illicit Cocaine heroin Cocaine, heroin Cocaine, Cocaine heroin Cocaine, amphetamines and heroin Cocaine, Illicit use Illicit Cocaine Phencyclidine Methaqualone Amphetamines/Metamphetamines Heroin L.S.D.(lysergic acid diethylamide) acid L.S.D.(lysergic diethylamide) acid L.S.D.(lysergic diethylamide) acid L.S.D.(lysergic Amphetamines/Metamphetamines Amphetamines/Metamphetamines Amphetamines/Metamphetamines (Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine) MDE (Methylenedioxymetamphetamine), MDMA (Methylenedioxyamphetamine), MDA (Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine) MDE (Methylenedioxymetamphetamine), MDMA (Methylenedioxyamphetamine), MDA MDE (Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine) MDMA (Methylenedioxymetamphetamine), (Methylenedioxyamphetamine), MDA (Methylenedioxiamphtamine) MDE) (Methylenedioxiamphtamine), MDMA MDA(Methylenedioxiamphetamine), Methaqualone Amphetamines/Metamphetamines Legitimate use Legitimate Legitimate use Legitimate antibacterial and anti-fungal agents; water treatment water agents; anti-fungal and antibacterial plastic and products rubber in used industry; pharmaceutical and manufacturing chemical in reagent and Solvent making in also perfumes; repellents and bird and substances insect pharmaceutical dyes, making in and used intermediate amphetamines Chemical esters, phenylacetic agent flavouring produce and solutions to cleaning industry synthesis; penicillin pharmaceutical derivatives; and chemical in Used and explosives, fluids,dyes, brake aspirin making in used is It industry. pharmaceutical and chemical in Used Legitimate use Legitimate Used in organic synthesis organic in Used obstetrics in component oxytocin as and migraine of Treatment obstetrics in component oxytocin as and migraine of Treatment preparations anorexic and brochodilatators of Manufacture brochodilatators of Manufacture brochodilatators of Manufacture soaps soft of and piperonal of manufacture industry, Perfume repellent mosquito flavours; vanilla and cherry in industry; Perfume industry perfume and piperonal of Manufacture pesticides of manufacture perfums; modify to used piperonal; of Manufacture chemicals fine and plastics preparations, pharmaceutical of Manufacture and metamphetamine amphetamine, of derivatives; manufacture the in industry pharmaceutical in Used Manufacturing of coating, solvent, lacquers, resins etc.; commonly used as a solvent a as used commonly etc.; resins lacquers, solvent, coating, of Manufacturing cosmetics and paints plastics, , as and chloroform oils of making in manufacturing in intermediate an used industry; pharmaceutical and chemical in solvent a as used is It in perfumes; and anaesthetic as plastics medicine, explosives, manufacture to resins; and oils fats, in waxes, Used of industry. extraction the pharmaceutical and chemical in and labs chemical in solvent a as used Widely as used and additive substances gasoline organic other and dyes explosives, of manufacturing solvent; Industrial batteries lead-acid in and electrolyte metals for processing, agents wastewater paper;cleaning dyes, explosives, fertilizers, sulphates; of Manufacture and textiles cleaning,glue, explosives products metal hydrochlorides, and chlorides of manufacturing in Used TABLE No. 3/I No. TABLE PA RT two CONTENTS - - - - - TABLE No. 3/L used

illicitly

chemicals

subjecttoPEN, transmitted tothe relevant authorities ofthedestination country, sotoinform about possible adverse indications. Moreover, the export authorization is issuedthere onlyare if no indications on the possibilitysubstances willthat besuch destined for the illicit of productiondrugs. In 2012, authorized D.C.S.A. operators; received out of themmovements 4,300 3,000at national concerned level and reports 1,300 importationsand exportations. by Information received was processed and verified and no suspect operations were identified. main

: substance in schedule 1, mainly used in the industrial sector the NE

O of

PAN O : substance in schedule 2; it is a purple crystalline solid. It is widely used to ENIL-2-PR ANATE H haracteristics C G : substance in schedule 2, it looks like a colourless liquid with a strong smell. It is a widely XYP O : substance in schedule 1; it looks like a white chrystalline powder. It is highly toxic and, if inge YDRIDE : substance in schedule 1; it is obtained from some plants of the Ephedra type and looks like a chry H YLENEDI : substance in schedule 1; it is obtained from the Sassafras Albidum, a plant growing in South East Asia H IC ACID LE G O EDRINE R TASSIUM PERMANA F H O EP stalline solid of white colourstants. or Ephedrinecolourless. is usedIn medicine in theLYSER illicit it is marketused tofor producethe production bronchodilators of amphetamine and nasaland methamphetamine. deconge sted it provokes mental confusionof pharmaceutical and loss of consciousness. products, while,well-known This as substanceto illicithallucinogen. is use, employed it is 3,4-METin utilized the organic to produce synthesis lysergic foracid the diethylamide synthesis of (L.S.D.), pharmaceutical a anise-like and chemical odor. substances.It is used It substances isto liquid, produce oily,(MDMA,MDA,MDE). transparent,perfumes. ofIt yellowishSA is coloura precursor and for the illicit production of the ecstasy group dicines (aspirin). It is used P for the illicit production of heroin;. and in Central and Southernfrom the America, root and the root-bark,in tropical a percentagecolour climate and of a fresh,approx.areas. canphor-like 8% theFrom sassafrass the rangingodor. The oilSassafras main fromis obtained. chemical 80 to 90%Albidum It componentdepending has an amber-yellowplant, ofonthrough sassafrassthe degreein theparticular of oilreaction purity, is safrole, from with which with otherISOSAFROLEare a percentage mainly chemical andemployed PIPERONAL substances in the are production obtained (furtherof substances of substances scents of and the fragrancesin ecstasy schedule forACETICgroup; perfumes1). AN These and arethree used substances in the illicit production used industrial product, utilized in the production of polymers, synthetic textile fibres (acetate rayon), films, me purify water, given its high disinfecting power as well as for waste treatment, in textile production and leather tan ning. In clandestine laboratoriesto itobtain is mainlycocaine usedbase forfrom thecoca productionpaste, the enabling productof cocaine, the toxicpurification where and it not is a easilyfundamentalof the paste marketable.itself elementthat is full of impurities making As to the specific characteristicssubstances of and the of controlled those criminal more organizations frequently in the usedillicit seedrug by table productionNo. 3/L. Among the notification control activities, proceduresignificant. It is in fact the compulsory (PEN) to to communicatethe destination pre-export country is authorities any preventiveinformation particularly concerning the movementsclassified chemicals. or sale of Based on these procedures, all exports ofclassified chemicals in schedule 1 and those in schedules 2 and 3 destined for “sensitive” countries must always be CONTENTS PA RT two since it allows to enrich and complete the national national the scenarios. complete investigative level and law-enforcement enrich investigative to at allows it role foreign since major a with plays agencies information of exchange The proceeds). drug the of trade laundering drug and stockpiling, simultaneously (production, sectors to more or one in so operating organizations criminal the organized dismantle were agencies law-enforcement foreign with investigations joint also result, a As year. previous the to respect with 14.58% of decrease a with emerged, the crossovers 668 2012, In outline involved. to units the between exchange so information the facililitate necessary, and strategies if operational convened, are meetings coordination and evaluated are approaches and Italian investigative New the agencies. investigated of law-enforcement foreign offices are or units subjects different by same into the if crossovers identify to allows investigations of coordination The milieux. social- criminal the and operandi modus analyzing between deeply similarities investigations syndicates, their or previous targets from the on data of on analysis based is the contribution D.C.S.A development investigations. the of to useful hints of and offices, data exchange providing investigating national out continuous the with and carried information is constant a coordination through D.C.S.A. details, In law- investigations. of development needed, harmonized between where the fostering, and overlapping agencies enforcement avoiding technical and financial resources, human, investigations optimize to drug allows of coordination the Moreover, syndicates. fight crime to against level law- national at by out the carried in operations adopted drug Authorities Judicial strategies and offices drug enforcement the outline contributes to coordination as investigative Antidroga of Servizi agency an i per Centrale Direzione The I nvestigative

coordination agencies at national level. the national at agencies on law-enforcement the by information collected all phenomenon drug with System DCSA the Ministers, of at provides Council Policies the of Indeed, Anti-drug Presidency of role. the Department crucial a the playing through etc.) centers, first aid centers, poison agencies, hospitals, health System laboratories, local national Warning agencies, Early enforcement the (law to belonging centers national other the with cooperates Antidroga Servizi i per Centrale Direzione the framework, this In trends. consumption and market new and substances appeared narcotic newly on information in collecting are of Centers charge Monitoring EMCDDA national Such the Lisbon. by in coordinated the in States, Centers Member EU Monitoring national of creation the for provides Council, European the of 2005/387/JHA decision the on based Europe in adopted system, This and countries. quick participating a the within provide response effective to adopting so and measures suitable consumption more and spreading sold drug often trends in new the and stage, early an markets at intercepting illegal online, the on substances new appearing the of effects negative the reducing at aims Program, System” Warning the “Early of part European is which , System” Warning “Early The E those of including directives. EU charge implementing in initiatives, is antidrug that all Ministers, combining of Council the Presidency the of at Policies Anti-drug drug of against with Department contacts the fight on placed and was emphasis prevention addiction, of field the in cooperation of inter-institutional the In framework the the out I carried Office other activities: this following the 2012 in and particular, In society sector. reduction civil demand the in operating D.C.S.A. the institutions ensures with It D.C.S.A.. contacts a within plays role Planning and major Coordination for Office The O nter-institutional cooperation nter-institutional arly warning system warning arly ff ice

f or

coordination

and

planning