Research Article J Forensic Sci & Criminal Inves Volume 12 Issue 5 - October 2019 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Saloni Chadha DOI: 10.19080/JFSCI.2019.12.555847 Bullet Fingerprinting Analysis by Digital Comparison Microscope

Anjali Jangra1, Saloni Chadha2* and Suryakant Mishra3 1Department of Forensic Science, Amity University, India 2Department of Forensic Medicine & toxicology, Indraprastha University, India 3Department of Forensic science, Kurukshetra University, India Submission: August 22, 2019; Published: October 04, 2019 *Corresponding author: : Saloni Chadha, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Indraprastha University, Dr BSA Medical College & Hospital, New Delhi-110085, India

Abstract

The firearm can be linked to the projectiles on the basis of the striation marks formed due to the irregularities present on the surface of barrel. This can be accomplished by using comparison microscope. No two firearms, even those of the same make and model and made consecutively by the same tools, will produce the same markings on a bullet or a cartridge. On the other hand, bullets fired through the same rifled barrel and cartridge cases fired in the same gun may be expected to show an identity of markings which is peculiar to this particular firearm and to no other. These markings serve to identify a particular rifled barrel because that barrel has an individuality possessed by no other barrel. In this study, 20 samples were examined under digital comparison microscope in which fired suspected samples were compared to the crime bullets by conducting test firing. Class characteristics like direction of twist and individual characteristics like striation marks were compared using comparison microscope. It was found that the caliber of the received samples were 7.65mm and 0.315”/8mm. By comparing the striationKeywords: marks the sample was declared match or no match, leading to firearm linkage

Digital comparison microscope; Bullet; Striation marks; Firearm linkage; Bullet fingerprinting

Introduction

each cartridge case and projectile are released ready for analysis which a bullet is discharged [3-6]. The characteristic markings of The comparison of marks on fired bullets and spent cartridge cases is a useful way for firearms examiners to within these marks can be distinguished, which in combination when the gun is fired. More than thirty different features make a positive association between fired ammunition and a specific firearm or to exclude a suspected gun. [1] The forensic forensic technique has wide application in the world of forensic recognition and ultimate matching of markings on the surfaces produce a “fingerprint” for identification of the firearm [7]. This identification of ballistics specimens relies on the detection, science, and would play a vital part in legal evidence in the case of cartridges and projectiles made by the firearms [2] (Figure 1). continues to increase with greater accessibility to weapons in where firearms are involved. Projectile bullets fired through the The need for firearm identification systems by police services some of which are derived from minute irregularities in the barrel of a gun will exhibit extremely fine striation markings, the international contexts [3]. The characteristic markings on barrel, produced during the manufacturing process (Figure the cartridge and projectile of a bullet fired from a gun can be Forensic ballistics imaging has the capacity to produce high 4 & 5). The examination of these striations on landmarks and recognized as a fingerprint for identification of the firearm [4]. optical microscopy. However, digital imaging techniques have resolution digital images of cartridge cases and projectiles for groove marks of the projectile is difficult using conventional the potential to detect and identify the presence of striations matching to a library of ballistics images [5] (Figure 2). However, ballistics specimens both a demanding and exacting task, where on ballistics specimens. The discipline of firearm and tool mark the reliance upon imaging technologies makes identification of hypothesis is the consistency/reproducibility of markings which the control of the error of measurement in the imaging technique identification is based on two empirical hypotheses. The first is the existence of differences between markings originating originates from the same firearm or tool. The second hypothesis must not allow compromise of integrity of the identification process (Figure 3). The analysis of marks on bullet casings and from two different firearms or tools [7-12]. projectiles provides a precise tool for identifying the firearm from

J Forensic Sci & Criminal Inves 12(5): JFSCI.MS.ID.555847 (2019) 001 Journal of Forensic Sciences & Criminal Investigation

Figure 1: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

Figure 2: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

Figure 3: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

Figure 4: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

Figure 5: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

How to cite this article: Anjali Jangra, Saloni Chadha, Suryakant Mishra. Bullet Fingerprinting Analysis by Digital Comparison Microscope. J Forensic Sci 002 & Criminal Inves. 2019; 12(5): 555847. DOI: 10.19080/JFSCI.2019.12.555847 Journal of Forensic Sciences & Criminal Investigation

Materials and Methods with gloves, eye wear, and rinsed in hypo chlorate solution prior to any other examination. Swabs, moistened with methanol, lightly wiped over the surface, talking care not to damage Present study was done on 20 fired bullet/bullet fragment individual characteristics. Stubborn residue were removed by with rifled and unrifled firearm brought for firearm linkage in placing the item in an ultrasonic cleaner, rinsed with methanol Ballistics Division of Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CBI), out and at least two bullets from each barrel or at least two New Delhi. Test firing with the available firearm was carried and allowed to dry (Figure 7). After the initial treatment with marks-class characteristics under the comparison microscope. crime bullets/bullets fragments were examined for rifling test specimens were collected, marked for recognition (Figure 6). Debris from bullets/bullets fragments was removed. Bullet/ The following parameters were ascertained (Table 1): bullet fragment having biological fluids/residue were handled

Figure 6: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

Figure 7: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

Table 1: Showing Microscopic Examination of The Bullet Leading to Firearm

No. of No. of Sample Striation Caliber of Sus- No. of Conclu- crime suspected Microscopic Examination Remarks no. Marks pected Firearm Test Fires sion bullet Firearm After examina- tion under the Two 7.65mm fired bullet (marked BC/1 digital comparison microscope, it is IRREGU- and BC/2) contained in parcel no.2 1 2 1 concluded that one MATCH LAR were compared with three 7.65mm test fired bullet (marked BT/1 to BT/3) 7.65 MM 3 which were test fired from 7.65mm in parcel no. 1for their characteristic 7.65mm bullet had country made pistol (W/1) contained striation marks. been fired from 7.65mm country made firearm. After examina- tion under the digital comparison Two 7.65mm fired bullet (marked BC/1 microscope, it is IRREGU- and BC/2) contained in parcel no.3 concluded that one 2 2 2 MATCH LAR were compared with six 7.65mm test fired bullets(marked BT/1 to BT/6) 7.65MM 3 which were test fired from 7.65mm 7.65 mm bullet countrytheir characteristic made pistol (markedstriation W/1marks. and (BC/1)country had made been W/2) contained in parcel no.1 and 2 for fired from 7.65mm

Firearm (W/1)

How to cite this article: Anjali Jangra, Saloni Chadha, Suryakant Mishra. Bullet Fingerprinting Analysis by Digital Comparison Microscope. J Forensic Sci 003 & Criminal Inves. 2019; 12(5): 555847. DOI: 10.19080/JFSCI.2019.12.555847 Journal of Forensic Sciences & Criminal Investigation

After exam- ination Under digital compari- contained in parcel no.2 were compared One 7.65mm crime bullet (BC/1) son microscope, it is Concluded IRREGU- 1 1 LAR with three 7.65mm test fired bullets (marked BT/1 TO BT/3), which were 3 7.65MM 3 that7.65mm bullet test fired in the laboratory from 7.65mm in parcel no. 2 had parcel no.1 for their characteristic stria- (BC/1) contained countrytion marks made , which pistol(W/1) were found contained similar. in been fired from 7.65mm country made Pistol W/1).

After examina- tion under the Three 7.65mm fired bullet (marked digital comparison BC/1toBC/3) contained in parcel no.3 microscope, it is IRREGU- concluded that 4 were compared with nine 7.65mm MATCH LAR test fired bullets (marked BT/1to BT/9) 3 3 7.65MM 3 which were test fired from 7.65mm one 7.65mm bullet country made pistol (marked W/1, (BC/3) had been W/2 and W/3) contained in parcel country made striation marks fired from 7.65mm no.1,2 and 3 for their characteristic firearm (W/2). After examina- tion under the digital comparison microscope, it is concluded that two IRREGU- 5 0 0 Two7.65mmrespectively firedwere bullets examined (marked under BC/1 the MATCH LAR digitalto BC/3) comparison contained microscope in parcel No. for 1 their to3 contained7.65mm inbullets parcel 3 7.65MM characteristics striations marks. (BC/1 and BC/3)

no. 1 and 3 had beencountry fired made from single 7.65mm

firearm After examina- tion under the digital comparison microscope, it is Three 7.65mm fired bullet (marked concluded that two IRREGU- BC/1toBC/3) contained in parcel no.3 2 MATCH LAR compared with six 7.65mm test fired bullets (marked BT/1to BT/6) which 7.65mm bullets 6 3 7.65mm 3 contained in parcel containedwere test firedin parcel from no.1and 7.65mm 2 countryfor their (BC/1 and BC/2) madecharacteristic pistol (marked striation W/1 andmarks. W/2 ) no.country 3 had made been fired from 7.65mm

firearm (W/2). After examina- tion, under the digital comparison microscope, it is concluded that two IRREGU- 7 4 0 0 toFour 4. respectively 7.65mm fired were bullets examined (marked under MATCH LAR BC/1the digital to BC/4) comparison contained microscope in parcel No. for 1 contained7.65mm inbullets parcel 7.65mm their characteristics striations marks. (BC/3 and BC/4)

no. 3 and 4 had beencountry fired made from single 7.65mm

firearm.

How to cite this article: Anjali Jangra, Saloni Chadha, Suryakant Mishra. Bullet Fingerprinting Analysis by Digital Comparison Microscope. J Forensic Sci 004 & Criminal Inves. 2019; 12(5): 555847. DOI: 10.19080/JFSCI.2019.12.555847 Journal of Forensic Sciences & Criminal Investigation

After exam- ination under - digital comparison Two 7.65mm fired bullet (marked BC/1 microscope, it is IRREGU- and BC/2) contained in parcel no.3 com concluded that 8 2 2 MATCH LAR pared with six7.65mm test fired bullet (marked BT/1 to BT/6) which were test 7.65mm 3 infired parcel from no. two7.65mm 1 and 2 for theircountry character made - one 7.65mm bullet pistol (markedistic striation W/1 and marks. W/2) contained (BC/2)country had made been fired from 7.65mm

firearm (W/2).

After examina- tion under the digital comparison - microscope, it is Two 7.65mm fired bullet (marked BC/1- IRREGU- concluded that 9 2 1 and BC/2) contained in parcel no.2 com MATCH LAR pared with three 7.65mm test fired bul 7.65 MM 3 lets(marked BT/1 to BT/3) which were one 7.65mm bullet test fired from 7.65mm country made their characteristic striation marks. (BC/1) had been pistol (W/1) contained in parcel no.1 for country made fired from 7.65mm

firearm (W/1).

After exam- ination under digital comparison Four 7.65mm crime bullet (marked - microscope, it is BC/1to BC/4) contained in parcel no.2 concluded that IRREGU- 10 4 2 compared with six7.65mm test fired bul MATCH LAR lets (marked BT/1to BT/6) which were 7.65 MM 3 test fired in the laboratory from 7.65mm in7.65mm parcel no. bullet 2 had countrytheir characteristics made pistol (marked striation W/1and marks, (BC/1) contained W/2) inwhich contained were in found parcel similar no.1and3for been fired from 7.65mm country made pistol (W/1).

After examina- tion under the digital comparison microscope, it is inTwo parcel 0.315”/8mmmm no.1 compared fired with bullet three concluded that one IRREGU- (marked BC/1 and BC/2) contained 11 2 1 - MATCH LAR 0.315”/8mm test fired bullets (marked 0.315”/ 8MM 3 0.315”/8mmbul BT/1to BT/3) which were test fired let (BC/1) had from 0.315”/8mmcountry made pistol - characteristic striation marks. been fired from (W/1) contained in parcel no.2 for their 0.315”/8mm coun try made firearm (W/1). After examina- tion under the digital comparison microscope, it is Two 0.315”/8mmfired bullets (marked concluded that two - IRREGU- BC/1 to BC/2) contained in parcel No. 1 12 2 2 compared with six .315”/8mm test fired MATCH LAR 0.315”/8mmbul bullets(marked BT/1 to BT/6) which contained in parcel 0.315”/ 8MM 3 no.lets 1 had(BC/1) been was test fired from country made pistol- (markedtics W/1 striations and W/2)contained marks. in parcel no. 2 and 3 for their characteris - fired from single 0.315”/8mm coun try made firearm (W/1)

How to cite this article: Anjali Jangra, Saloni Chadha, Suryakant Mishra. Bullet Fingerprinting Analysis by Digital Comparison Microscope. J Forensic Sci 005 & Criminal Inves. 2019; 12(5): 555847. DOI: 10.19080/JFSCI.2019.12.555847 Journal of Forensic Sciences & Criminal Investigation

After examina- tion under the digital comparison microscope, it is Two0.315”/8mmfired bullets (marked concluded that two IRREGU- - 2 1 BC/1 and BC/2) contained in parcel MATCH LAR No. 1 compared with three .315”/8mm 0.315”/8mmbul 13 0.315”/8MM 3 test fired bullets(marked BT/1 to BT/3) contained in parcel lets (BC/1) forwhich their was characteristics test fired from striations country marksmade pistol (W/1) contained in parcel no. 2 no.1country had been made fired from 0.315”/8mm

firearm (W/1). After examina- tion under the digital comparison microscope, it is Three 0.315”/8mmfired bullets (marked concluded that two - IRREGU- BC/1 to BC/3) contained in parcel No. 14 1 compared with nine .315”/8mm test MATCH LAR 0.315”/8mmbul fired bullet (BT/1 to BT/9) which was contained in parcel 3 3 0.315”/ 8MM 3 no.lets 1had (BC/2) been test fired from country made pistol - (markedteristics W/1, W/2 striations and W/3) marks contained in parcel no. 2 , 3 and 4 for their charac - fired from single 0.315”/8mmcoun try made firearm (W/3). After examina- tion under the digital comparison microscope, it is inTwo parcel 0.315”/8mmmmfired no.2 compared with bullet three concluded that one IRREGU- (marked BC/1 to BC/2) contained 15 2 1 - MATCH LAR 0.315”/8mmtest fired bullets (marked 0.315”/ 8MM 3 0.315”/8mmbul BT/1to BT/3) which were test fired let (BC/2) had from 0.315”/8mm country made pistol - characteristic striation marks. been fired from (W/1) contained in parcel no.1 for their 0.315”/8mmcoun try made firearm (W/1). After examina- tion under the digital comparison microscope, it is Three 0.315”/8mmfired bullets (marked concluded that two - IRREGU- BC/1 to BC/3) contained in parcel No. 1 2 compared with six .315”/8mm test fired MATCH LAR 0.315”/8mmbul bullet (BT/1 to BT/6) which was test 16 3 0.315”/ 8MM 3 lets (BC/1 and fired from country made pistol (marked in parcel no. 1 had BC/3) contained W/1 and W/2) containedmarks. in parcel no. 2 and 3 for their characteristics striations beencountry fired made from single 0.315”/8mm

firearmAfter examina (W/2).- tion under the digital comparison microscope, it is Four 0.315”/8mmfired bullets (marked concluded that two - IRREGU- BC/1 and BC/2) contained in parcel 17 4 No. 1 compared with nine .315”/8mm - MATCH LAR 0.315”/8mmbul test fired bullet (BT/1 to BT/9) which 3 0.315”/ 8MM 3 lets (BC/2and was test fired from country made pistol in parcel no. 1 had - BC/4) contained (markedteristics W/1, W/2 striations and W/3) marks. contained in parcel no. 2 , 3 and 4 for their charac - been fired from 0.315”/8mm coun try made firearm (W/3).

How to cite this article: Anjali Jangra, Saloni Chadha, Suryakant Mishra. Bullet Fingerprinting Analysis by Digital Comparison Microscope. J Forensic Sci 006 & Criminal Inves. 2019; 12(5): 555847. DOI: 10.19080/JFSCI.2019.12.555847 Journal of Forensic Sciences & Criminal Investigation

After examina- tion under the digital comparison microscope, it is Two 0.315”/8mmfired bullets (marked concluded that IRREGU- BC/1 to BC/2) contained in parcel No. 1 18 2 2 MATCH LAR compared with six .315”/8mm test fired bullets (marked BT/1 to BT/6) which 0.315”/8mm bullet 0.315”/ 8MM 3 in parcel no. 1 had was test fired from country made pistol- (BC/1) contained (markedtics W/1 striations and W/2) marks. contained in - parcel no. 2 and 3 for their characteris been fired from 0.315”/8mm coun try made firearm (W/2). After examina- tion under the digital comparison inTwo parcel 0.315”/8mmmmfired no.4compared with bullet nine microscope, it is (marked BC/1 and BC/2) contained concluded that IRREGU- 19 2 MATCH LAR 0.315”/8mmtest fired bullets (marked 3 0.315”/ 8MM 3 BT/1to BT/9) which were test fired one 0.315”/8mm from 0.315”/8mm country made pistol- bullet (BC/2) had- (markedteristic W/1, W/2 striation and W/3) marks. contained been fired from in parcel no.1, 2and 3 for their charac 0.315”/8mm coun try made firearm (W/2). After examina- tion under the digital comparison microscope, it is Four 0.315”/8mmfired bullets(marked concluded that two BC/1 to BC/4) contained in parcel No. - IRREGU- 20 4 4compared with nine 0.315”/8mmtest MATCH LAR fired bullets (marked BT/1to 0.315”/8mmbul 3 0.315”/ 3 BT/9) which were test fired from inlets parcel (BC/1 no. and4 had 0.315”/8mmcountry made pistol - BC/3) contained (markedteristic W/1, W/2 striation and W/3) marks. contained in parcel no.1, 2 and 3 for their charac beencountry fired made from single 0.315”/8mm

firearm.

a) Direction of rifling (right/left) c) Groove width/land width

b) Number of lands and grooves d) Twist of rifling

Figure 8: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

Figure 9: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

How to cite this article: Anjali Jangra, Saloni Chadha, Suryakant Mishra. Bullet Fingerprinting Analysis by Digital Comparison Microscope. J Forensic Sci 007 & Criminal Inves. 2019; 12(5): 555847. DOI: 10.19080/JFSCI.2019.12.555847 Journal of Forensic Sciences & Criminal Investigation

Compared class characteristic data with the available also be compared with test bullets for individual characteristic marks. Examine and compare individual characteristic marks data and ascertained the probable types of firearm involved. bullets with crime bullets under comparison microscope with Comparison of class characteristic rifling marks on test fired present on all lands and grooves on test bullets in case of rifled firearm and striation marks on test bullets/specimen in case of marks on them. Compared inter-se individual characteristic specific reference to number of lands and grooves, direction/ unrifled firearms and identify similar individual characteristic marks present on crime bullet/bullet fragment whether similar angle of rifling, land width as well as groove width whether test and crime bullets are similar, then examine and compare similar or otherwise or insufficient. If class characteristics on individual characteristics. Fragmented bullet even having only or otherwise or insufficient to ascertain number of firearms one land and groove for tallying class characteristics should involved. Photomicrographs showing individual characteristic matching were taken, duly labeled, and marked (Figure 8 & 9).

Figure 10: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

Figure 11: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

Results and Discussion after all class characteristics agree and a sufficient correlation cartridge cases were examined under digital comparison between individual characteristics is found. Exhibit (bullet) was Markings on twenty successively fired bullets and expended not fired from Exhibit 2 (firearm). These conclusions are reached if classA bullet characteristics is slightly largerdon’t match in diameter [14]. than the bore diameter microscope. The fired samples were compared to the crime direction of twist and individual characteristics like striation bullets by conducting test fires. Class characteristics like is the distance from one land to the opposite land in a barrel. of the barrel in which it is designed to be fired. The bore diameter marks were compared using comparison microscope (Figure 10). Markings among different manufacturers of ammunition From an analysis of striation marks on landmarks, the surfaces As a result, a rifled barrel will impress a negative impression of differed significantly even between consecutively fired bullets. itself on the sides of the bullet. The rifling pattern in the barrel of the bore near the breech end area were eroded within twenty number of groove or land impressions around the circumference that fired a particular bullet can be determined by counting the of the bullet. Then, by holding the nose of the bullet pointing or velocity of bullets will affect the reproducibility of striations away from you, the direction the impressions run away from fired rounds which is in accordance to [13] Diameter, weight and/ on landmarks. A smaller number of striations were observed on the small diameter bullets. It was found that the caliber of the you (either to your left or right) determines the direction of the striation marks the sample was declared match or no match, twist. If the rifling impression pattern on the bullet matches the received samples were 7.65mm and 0.315”/8mm. By comparing rifling pattern in the barrel of the questioned firearm, the next step is to measure the rifling impressions on the bullet (Figure model and made consecutively by the same tools, will produce which leaded to firearm linkage. When comparisons were made 12-15). No two firearms, even those of the same make and between firearms and fired ammunition the results can read as follows: Exhibit (bullet) was identified as having been fired the same markings on a bullet or a cartridge When bullets are from Exhibit 2 (firearm) (Figure 11). This conclusion is reached compared to standards from a given barrel the pitch to the rifling

How to cite this article: Anjali Jangra, Saloni Chadha, Suryakant Mishra. Bullet Fingerprinting Analysis by Digital Comparison Microscope. J Forensic Sci 008 & Criminal Inves. 2019; 12(5): 555847. DOI: 10.19080/JFSCI.2019.12.555847 Journal of Forensic Sciences & Criminal Investigation impressions can be a means to eliminate the bullet as having this class characteristic as a means of elimination. As a result, is a noticeable difference in the pitch, it can be difficult to use found on standards, then the comparison will be a negative been fired from the firearm. If the angle disagrees with the angle one based on those class characteristics. The problem with this firearm examiners rarely measure the rifling impression pitch is that it is hard to accurately measure the pitch. Unless there (Figure 16).

Figure 12: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

Figure 13: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

Figure 14: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

Figure 15: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

Figure 16: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

How to cite this article: Anjali Jangra, Saloni Chadha, Suryakant Mishra. Bullet Fingerprinting Analysis by Digital Comparison Microscope. J Forensic Sci 009 & Criminal Inves. 2019; 12(5): 555847. DOI: 10.19080/JFSCI.2019.12.555847 Journal of Forensic Sciences & Criminal Investigation

Conclusion in which fired suspected samples were compared to the crime like direction of twist and individual characteristics like striation cartridge cases were examined. Markings among different bullets by conducting test firing [16-19]. Class characteristics Markings on twenty successively fired bullets and expended marks were compared using comparison microscope. It was manufacturers of ammunition differed significantly even found that the caliber of the received samples were 7.65mm between consecutively fired bullets. This study shows that there and 0.315”/8mm. By comparing the striation marks the sample are identifiable features on the surfaces of bullets that can link was declared match or no match, leading to firearm linkage [20- them to the barrel that fired them [15]. Exhibit (bullet) was community with additional supportive documentation in the conclusion is reached after all class characteristics agree and a 25]. Results of this study have provided the forensic science identified as having been fired from firearm (Figure 17-20). This

20 samples were examined under digital comparison microscope field of firearm and tool mark identification, especially as it sufficient correlation between individual characteristics is found. pertains to the identification of bullets fired from consecutively rifled barrels [15].

Figure 17: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

Figure 18: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

Figure 19: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

Figure 20: Showing Comparison Between Crime Bullet and Suspected Bullet.

How to cite this article: Anjali Jangra, Saloni Chadha, Suryakant Mishra. Bullet Fingerprinting Analysis by Digital Comparison Microscope. J Forensic Sci 0010 & Criminal Inves. 2019; 12(5): 555847. DOI: 10.19080/JFSCI.2019.12.555847 Journal of Forensic Sciences & Criminal Investigation

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13. Farhana T, Arjumand R, Shabina A (2004) Risk Factors Associated with Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 11(1): 496. Birth Asphyxia in Rural District Matiari, Pakistan: A Case Control Study. International Journal of Clinical Medicine 5: 1430-1441. This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License Your next submission with Juniper Publishers DOI: 10.19080/JFSCI.2019.12.555847 will reach you the below assets • Quality Editorial service • • Reprints availability Swift Peer Review • E-prints Service • • Global attainment for your research Manuscript Podcast for convenient understanding • Manuscript accessibility in different formats ( Pdf, E-pub, Full Text, Audio) • Unceasing customer service

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How to cite this article: Anjali Jangra, Saloni Chadha, Suryakant Mishra. Bullet Fingerprinting Analysis by Digital Comparison Microscope. J Forensic Sci 0011 & Criminal Inves. 2019; 12(5): 555847. DOI: 10.19080/JFSCI.2019.12.555847