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The Social and Symbolic Role of Early Pottery in the Near East
THE SOCIAL AND SYMBOLIC ROLE OF EARLY POTTERY IN THE NEAR EAST A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY BURCU YILDIRIM IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF SETTLEMENT ARCHAEOLOGY JULY 2019 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Tülin Gençöz Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Prof. Dr. D. Burcu Erciyas Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Çiğdem Atakuman Supervisor Examining Committee Members (first name belongs to the chairperson of the jury and the second name belongs to supervisor) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Marie H. Gates (Bilkent Uni., ARK) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Çiğdem Atakuman (METU, SA) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Neyir K. Bostancı (Hacettepe Uni., ARK) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ufuk Serin (METU, SA) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yiğit H. Erbil (Hacettepe Uni., ARK) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Burcu Yıldırım Signature : iii ABSTRACT THE SOCIAL AND SYMBOLIC ROLE OF EARLY POTTERY IN THE NEAR EAST Yıldırım, Burcu Ms., Department of Settlement Archaeology Supervisor: Assoc. -
The Dawn and the Dusk: Beginning and Ending a Long-Term Research Program at the Preclassic Maya Site of Cuello, Belize
N. Hammond: The dawn and the dusk: beginning and ending a long-term research program at the Preclassic Maya site of Cuello, Belize THE DAWN AND THE DUSK: BEGINNING AND ENDING A LONG-TERM RESEARCH PROGRAM AT THE PRECLASSIC MAYA SITE OF CUELLO, BELIZE Norman Hammond Department of Archaeology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA ABSTRACT The early Maya village site of Cuello, Belize, was investigated between 1975 and 2002. When investigations began, the Maya Preclassic was not well known, was poorly documented by radiocarbon dates, and did not extend back beyond 900 B.C. Initial dates from Cuello suggested a very early occupation, subsequently disproved and revised to begin ca. 1200 B.C. The site remains the oldest known lowland Maya village site, how- ever, and also the most extensively-excavated early Middle Preclassic settlement. Build- ings, including numerous houses, emergent public architecture, the earliest known Mesoamerican sweatbath (Maya pib na); almost 200 burials, with evidence of social ranking and long-distance exchange; and evidence of diet and environmental exploitation all help to document the initial phases of a tropical forest farming culture which developed into one of the major Pre-Columbian civilizations. Key words: Maya archaeology, Preclassic chronology, diet, burial practices, sweatbath. In March 2002, the excavations at Cuello, an early Maya village site in northern Belize that had been investigated since 1975, came to an end. Over eleven field seasons, totalling more than 80 weeks, the complex and finely-layered stratigraphy of a low, grassy knoll had been dissected, documenting the evolution of ancient Maya society from 1200 B.C. -
The Excavation of Structure 45 at Lubaantun, Toledo District, Belize
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Reconstructing Households: The Excavation of Structure 45 at Lubaantun, Toledo District, Belize A Thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology by Kiri Louise Hagerman Committee in charge: Professor Geoffrey Braswell, Chair Professor Guillermo Algaze Professor Paul Goldstein 2011 Copyright Kiri Louise Hagerman, 2011 All rights reserved The Thesis of Kiri Louise Hagerman is approved and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically. ________________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2011 iii For my mother and father- Thank you for everything. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page……………………………………………………………. iii Dedication………………………………………………………………… iv Table of Contents…………………………………………………………. v List of Figures……………………………………………………………... vii List of Tables………………………………………………………………. ix Acknowledgements………………………………………………………… x Abstract of the Thesis……..……………………………………………….. xi Introduction………………………………………………………………… 1 Maya Household Archaeology: History and Theory…................................. 5 What is a Household?........................................................................ 6 Why Study Households?..................................................................... 8 How do we Investigate Households?................................................. 15 Case Studies from the Maya Area…………………………………………. 23 Lubaantun and the Excavation of Structure -
The Wall Paintings of Çatalhöyük (Turkey): Materials, Technologies and Artists
The Wall Paintings of Çatalhöyük (Turkey): Materials, Technologies and Artists Duygu Seçil Çamurcuoğlu Thesis Submitted to University College London for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Institute of Archaeology University College London September 2015 1 I, Duygu Çamurcuoğlu confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Duygu Çamurcuoğlu 2 ABSTRACT Neolithic site of Çatalhöyük (Turkey) presents the most detailed and the interesting story up to date on Neolithic art and technologies both for the prehistoric archaeology and the material science studies. Çatalhöyük wall paintings are significant in terms of understanding the ideas of beliefs, rituality, symbolism and the social organization within the Neolithic community as well as the development of Neolithic wall art, since there are no other Neolithic sites at which the wall paintings were found of a similar scale in sizes and varieties in representations. However the technological processes which these paintings were created by did not seem to be interconnected with the discussions on the social aspects. The constantly developing field of material science has proved that the social studies on these paintings would not be complete without the study of their technologies which ultimately created these images. For the first time, this research aims to investigate primarily the technological make up of these paintings in detail and tie up the previous studies on the Çatalhöyük pigments and plasters within a broader technological and social context. The nature of wall painting production as a whole i.e. -
Terminal Classic Chert Use at Nohmul, Belize
6 LOCAL CHERT REDUCTION, MAINTENANCE, AND TOOLMAKING: TERMINAL CLASSIC CHERT USE AT NOHMUL, BELIZE Adrian S.Z. Chase and Jonathan Paige Stone tools and debitage recovered from Terminal Classic Period contexts at the site of Nohmul, Belize were collected in 1978 and 1979 as part of a dissertation project. Our analysis of this Nohmul chert assemblage has found evidence for local reduction of cobbles and core maintenance, as well as the production and maintenance of tools. Nohmul is situated roughly 30 kilometers from the Northern Belize Chert Bearing Zone, and the site of Colha, Belize – the argued center of lithic production in the region during the Terminal Classic. Consequently, these chert artifacts from Nohmul (1) broaden our understanding of chert consumption and production in the region and (2) provide researchers an additional dataset (via tDAR) for comparison to other Terminal Classic assemblages within and outside the Northern Belize Chert Bearing Zone. Introduction excavation at sites even more pertinent, because The traditional narrative of Classic Period additional excavation cannot be conducted on lithic technology in northern Belize is the destroyed mounds. The curation of characterized by a producer-consumer model, excavated material for future analysis has the wherein tool production is performed largely by potential to provide new results and add to prior a small number of specialists in specific sites, interpretations. and these tools are then exported, exchanged, and used by other sites in the region (Buttles The Producer Consumer Model 2004; Dockall and Shafer 1993; McAnany Chert has played an important role in 1989). However, this model has faced some archaeological interpretations of the economic challenges (see Moholy-Nagy 1990 but also relationships between settlements, particularly in Healen 1992; Hester and Shafer 1992). -
ELIZABETH GRAHAM Curriculum Vitae, Page 1
ELIZABETH GRAHAM Curriculum Vitae, Page 1 Elizabeth Graham Curriculum Vitae – Last update June 2020 Item Category 1 Personal details 2 Education/qualifications 3 Professional history 4 Appointments and Affiliations 5 Awards, honours 6 Professional bodies or learned societies 7 Consultancies or Advisory 8 Field Research Activity 9 Research Grants: 9a Research grants, development grants 9b Readerships, Fellowships, Studentships 10 Publications: In press; Single-authored books; Excavation reports; Book chapters; Articles in journals; General audience/educational; Review articles; Film reviews. 11 Papers presented at meetings (individual submissions to Program Committees) 12 Invited papers and talks: One-time/limited-period symposia or conferences Symposia at international annual meetings Discussant Special symposia, lectures with combined scholarly & public audiences University seminars 13 Conferences, symposia, workshops organised and/or chaired: 14 Academic supervision 15 Teaching activity 16 Enabling activity 17 Media & public engagement activity: Radio, Television Public lectures, courses, workshops School & community talks, interviews, videotaping Other public engagement activities ELIZABETH GRAHAM Curriculum Vitae, Page 2 ELIZABETH GRAHAM 1 Personal details: Work Address: Institute of Archaeology, UCL Phone: Within UK: 0207 679 7532 31-34 Gordon Square Outside UK: 44 207 679 7532 London WC1H 0PY Fax: Within UK: 0207 679 1043 [email protected] Outside UK: 44 207 679 1043 2 Education/qualifications: Details of Degrees: 1970 B.A. History, University of Rhode Island 1983 Ph.D.Archaeology, Cambridge University. Ph.D. thesis: The Highlands of the Lowlands: Environment and Archaeology in the Stann Creek District, Belize. Supervisor: Norman Hammond. Degree committee: Warwick Bray, Institute of Archaeology, University College London; Paul Mellars, Cambridge University. -
A Localized Approach to the Origins of Pottery in Upper Mesopotamia Elizabeth Gibbon University of Toronto
Laurier Undergraduate Journal of the Arts Volume 2 Article 3 11-19-2015 A Localized Approach to the Origins of Pottery in Upper Mesopotamia Elizabeth Gibbon University of Toronto Follow this and additional works at: http://scholars.wlu.ca/luja Part of the Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Art and Architecture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Asian Art and Architecture Commons, Categorical Data Analysis Commons, Ethnic Studies Commons, Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons, Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Near Eastern Languages and Societies Commons, Other Anthropology Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons, and the South and Southeast Asian Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Gibbon, Elizabeth. "A Localized Approach to the Origins of Pottery in Upper Mesopotamia." Laurier Undergraduate Journal of the Arts 2 (2015) : 29-45. Print. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Laurier Undergraduate Journal of the Arts by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gibbon: Origins of Pottery 29 A Localized Approach to the Origins of Pottery in Upper Mesopotamia Elizabeth Gibbon ottery was one of the first synthetic materials created by humans. It is an artifi- cial stone that heavily impacted social, political, economic, and technological innovation since its inception over ten thousand years ago (Rice, “Origins of PPottery” 2). In archaeology, the term pottery is applied to artefacts fabricated through the manipulation of silicate material (typically clay) and then hardened through the application of heat. -
A Late Formative Period Stela in the Maya Lowlands
396 AMERICANANTIQUITY [Vol.47, No. 2, 19821 A LATE FORMATIVE PERIOD STELA IN THE MAYA LOWLANDS Norman Hammond A plain stela has been identified at the site of Cuello, Belize. On the basis of stratigraphy and the accompany- ing cache vessels it has been dated to the latter part of the Late Formative, ca. A.D. 100. This date is approx- imately 200 years older than the earliest Initial Series dated stela so far known in the Maya lowlands, and com- parable with some early dated monuments in the Pacific piedmont zone. Stela erection in the lowlands may antedate the secondary use of such monuments as vehicles for dynastic propaganda. The tripartite division of Maya culture history into Preclassic (Formative), Classic, and Postclassic was predicated on the appearance at the beginning, and cessation at the end, of the Classic period of public monuments bearing dated hieroglyphic inscriptions. The Long Count in which these were expressed was precise to the day and has been correlated with the Christian calendar; the 11.16.0.0.0. or Goodman-Martinez-Thompson correlation, which is the most widely accepted, places the Classic period between approximately A.D. 250 and 900. The earliest dated monument currently known is Tikal Stela 29, with an Initial Series of 8.12.14.8.15, (A.D. 292), and the latest certain Initial Series is of 10.4.0.0.0. (A.D. 909), from Tonina. Apart from the introduction of dated monuments, the beginning of the Classic was also often held to be marked by the appearance of polychrome pottery and vaulted architecture, but recent research has demonstrated that both are found in contexts which, on other grounds, are formally Late Formative. -
Levantine Late Neolithic Pottery Assemblages
LEVANTINE LATE NEOLITHIC POTTERYASSEMBLAGES: The Reworking of Old 'Cultural' Typologies At Wadi ath-Thamad Site 40 A Thesis Submitted to The College ofGraduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment ofthe Requirements for the Master ofArts in the Department ofArchaeology University ofSaskatchewan Saskatoon By Carrie Ellen Dunn © Copyright Carrie Ellen Dunn, May 2006. All Rights Reserved. PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University ofSaskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of the University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work, or in their absence, by the Head ofthe Department or the Dean ofthe College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying, publication, or use ofthis thesis or parts thereoffor financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University ofSaskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made ofany material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or make other use ofmaterial in this thesis in whole or in part should be addressed to: Head ofthe Department ofArchaeology 55 Campus Drive University ofSaskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5Bl 1 ABSTRACT The relationships of the archaeological cultures of the Late Neolithic Period in the southern Levant have been the subject of much debate. As such, the excavation of the Late Neolithic site ofWT-40, approximately 20 km southeast ofMadaba, Jordan by the Wadi ath-Thamad Archaeological Project Survey team in 2004 will help to clarify and expand the understanding ofthis time period. -
Recovering Maya Civilisation
ALBERT RECKITT ARCHAEOLOGICAL LECTURE Recovering Maya Civilisation NORMAN HAMMOND Fellow of the Academy THE MAYA CREATED one of the most notable and surprising civilisations of the ancient world, in what are now the Yucatan Pensinsula of southern Mexico and the adjacent countries of Guatemala, Belize, and the western fringes of Honduras and El Salvador. Best known from great cities such as Tikal, Copan, Palenque and Chichén Itzá, which were first explored in the nineteenth century by scholars including John Lloyd Stephens, Alfred Maudslay and Teobert Maler, the Maya reached their apogee in the Classic Period of c. AD 250–900, when a multiplicity of small polities ruled by divine kings flourished and fought across this part of tropical Central America (Hammond 2000; Martin and Grube 2000; Sharer 2006; Fig. 1). This was followed by the Postclassic, ending with the Spanish conquest of the mid-sixteenth century, and preceded by a Preclassic (or Formative) period extending back to the beginnings of settled farming villages in the second millennium BC. In this lecture I discuss three succes- sive themes: the origins of a settled society; the emergence of a complex literate civilisation in the latter part of the first millennium BC in the Maya Lowlands; and the wider understanding of that culture’s apogee in the middle centuries of the following millennium, before its demise in the tenth century AD. The Maya area has three major regions: the volcanic and meta- morphic highlands of Chiapas and southern Guatemala, extending down to the narrow Pacific coastal plain and dominated by a chain of dormant and still-active volcanoes up to 4,265 m in elevation; the flat, arid lime- stone platform of the northern Yucatan Peninsula, where annual rainfall Read at the Academy 15 November 2006. -
Unwrapping the Neolithic Package: Wadi Shu'eib and Kholetria-Ortos in Perspective" (1996)
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-1996 Unwrapping the neolithic package: Wadi Shu'eib and Kholetria- Ortos in perspective Jason Brandon Cooper University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Cooper, Jason Brandon, "Unwrapping the neolithic package: Wadi Shu'eib and Kholetria-Ortos in perspective" (1996). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 3269. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/k3qn-1k7i This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. -
The Prehistory of Belizelhammond Mon Down to the 10 M
The Prehistoryof Belize NorrnanHammond Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey Belize, CentralAmerica, has been the location of manyinnovative research projects in Maya archaeology.Over the past generationseveral problem-ori- entedprojects have contributedsignificantly to a new understandingof an- cient Maya subsistenceand settlement,and increasedthe knowntime span of Maya culture.An historicalreview of researchin Belize is followed by a resumeof the currentstate of knowledgeand an indicationoffuture research potential. Introduction in which flow the major perennial rivers, the Hondo and Belize, a small nation on the Caribbeancoast of Central Nuevo, and the smaller Freshwater Creek. The Hondo America, occupies part of the territoryin which the Maya is one of the principal rivers of the Maya lowland zone civilization flourished during the 1st millennium A.C., and has a basin draining northernPeten and part of south- with an apogee in the Classic Period of 250-900 A.C. ern Campeche, an area often dubbed the "Maya Heart- The political history of Belize over the past 200 years land" and containing major sites such as Tikal; the river as a British colony (known until 1973 as British Hon- has throughoutMaya prehistory acted as a corridor to the duras), and now as an independent nation, has engen- Caribbean. Several large lagoons interrupt the courses dered a history of archaeological research distinct from of the Nuevo and Freshwater Creek, and were foci of that in the Spanish-speaking countries that comprise the ancient Maya settlement. The coast of northern Belize remainder of the Maya area (Mexico, Guatemala, Hon- is swampy, with mangrove stands building seawards, and duras, El Salvador).