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imiscoe mcgarrigle Questions surrounding ‘race’ as a spatial divider have come to the forefront of the DissErtations political agenda, compelling us to revisit the debate on residential segregation. Drawing on the spatial analysis of changing dynamics in the ethnic geography of Greater Glasgow and qualitative research on the residential preferences of 40 South Asian households, this book enhances our understanding of settlement in the city. Understanding Processes of Ethnic Concentration and Dispersal documents new residential patterns, including South Asian suburbanisation in traditionally ‘white’ areas. of Processes Understanding Ethnic Concentration and Dispersal Understanding Processes Processes underlying both the changes and signs of sustained ethnic concentration are shown to be dynamic and complex. They encompass elements of choice, constraint and negotiations between the two, while also revealing a remarkable of Ethnic Concentration array of differentials such as class, status, education, age and culture. Jennifer Leigh McGarrigle is a post-doctorate researcher at the Centre of Geographical and Dispersal Studies of the University of Lisbon. “Debates about ethnic segregation need to be informed by careful analysis such as this. It is too easy to assume that South Asian Residential some groups want to live separately from others, and that younger generations will simply follow the behaviours of their elders. This book shows that the reality for Asians in British cities is much more complex and interesting than Preferences in Glasgow ‘conventional wisdom’ often assumes.” Ade Kearns, Professor of Urban Studies, University of Glasgow “This book offers rich insights into the processes of ethnic suburbanisation and integration amongst Glasgow’s South jennifer leigh mcgarrigle Asian population and has important implications for understanding the dynamics of ethnic residential change.” Deborah Phillips, Reader in Ethnic and Racial Studies, University of Leeds in 978 90 5356 671 8 ameram nieri re · .a.nl Amsterdam University Press Understanding Processes of Ethnic Concentration and Dispersal IMISCOE International Migration, Integration and Social Cohesion in Europe The IMISCOE Network of Excellence unites over 500 researchers from European institutes specialising in studies of international migration, integration and social cohesion. The Network is funded by the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Commission on Research, Citizens and Governance in a Knowledge-Based Society. Since its foundation in 2004, IMISCOE has developed an integrated, multidisciplinary and globally comparative research project led by scholars from all branches of the economic and social sciences, the humanities and law. The Network both furthers existing studies and pioneers new research in migration as a discipline. Priority is also given to promoting innovative lines of inquiry key to European policymaking and governance. The IMISCOE-Amsterdam University Press Series was created to make the Network’s findings and results available to researchers, policymakers and practitioners, the media and other interested stakeholders. High-quality manuscripts authored by IMISCOE members and cooperating partners are published in one of four distinct series. IMISCOE RESEARCH advances sound empirical and theoretical scholarship addressing themes within IMISCOE’s mandated fields of study. IMISCOE REPORTS disseminates Network papers and presentations of a time-sensitive nature in book form. IMISCOE DISSERTATIONS presents select PhD monographs written by IMISCOE doctoral candidates. IMISCOE TEXTBOOKS produces manuals, handbooks and other didactic tools for instructors and students of migration studies. IMISCOE Policy Briefs and more information on the Network can be found at www.imiscoe.org. Understanding Processes of Ethnic Concentration and Dispersal South Asian Residential Preferences in Glasgow Jennifer Leigh McGarrigle IMISCOE Dissertations Cover design: Studio Jan de Boer, Amsterdam Layout: The DocWorkers, Almere ISBN 978 90 5356 671 8 e-ISBN 978 90 4850 134 2 NUR 741 / 763 © Jennifer Leigh McGarrigle / Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam 2010 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book. Table of contents List of figures and tables 9 Acknowledgements 13 1 Introduction 15 2 Processes of settlement: Residential segregation and ethnic clustering 23 Introduction 23 Spatial segregation: Defining the concepts 24 Early processes of settlement: Changing patterns and practices 27 The minority population in Britain 32 Competing explanations for segregation 36 Politicisation of segregation since 2000 in the UK 42 Conclusion 49 3 Urban migration, residential mobility and suburbanisation 51 Introduction 51 Defining the suburbs 52 A brief overview of the growth of the suburb in Britain 55 The social life of the suburbs 56 ‘Why people move?’ 58 Conclusion 62 4 Methodology 65 Introduction: Research aims and objectives 65 A triangulated approach 69 Quantitative analysis of the Glasgow Metropolitan Area 69 Qualitative phase 75 Conclusion 83 6 UNDERSTANDING PROCESSES OF ETHNIC CONCENTRATION AND DISPERSAL 5 Through the national lens to the city: The housing position and experiences of South Asians in Scotland and Glasgow 85 Introduction 85 South Asians in Scotland and Glasgow 85 Minority ethnic populations in Scotland 87 The minority ethnic population in Glasgow 92 Housing conditions 96 Tenure patterns in Glasgow 98 Housing purchase and finance 106 Housing need, preference and location 108 Conclusion 110 6 South Asian settlement in Glasgow: Changing patterns of residence 113 Introduction 113 Clustering in the inner city: Localised change 114 Moving out: Suburbanisation and new locales 119 Local neighbourhoods and microscopic clusters 125 Relative distributions: Segregation and exposure 129 Case study areas 131 South Asian housing transactions: Nam Pehchan results 152 Conclusion 152 7 The role of the neighbourhood in residential choice and relocation 155 Introduction 155 Moves between neighbourhoods: Paths through the city 156 The suburbs: Aspirations, identity and ‘peace and quiet’ 162 Conclusion 167 8 Housing, households, families and safe places 169 Introduction 169 The family, proximity, space and changing cultural ideas 170 Housing issues 173 Safety and area reputation 177 Conclusion 182 9 Residential outcomes: Settling in or moving on again? 185 Introduction 185 Settling into the suburbs: Privacy or inclusion? 185 The social environment, safety, fear of crime and lifestyle 193 Future aspirations 199 Conclusion 203 TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 10 Conclusions 205 Patterns of relocation 205 Motivations and resources 207 The role of the core settlement area and community 215 Drawbacks of the research and future research 218 Appendix 1 Semi-structured interview schedule (core residents) 221 Appendix 2 Semi-structured interview schedule (suburban residents) 225 Appendix 3 Interviewee characteristics 229 Appendix 4 Coding categories 235 Appendix 5 Parent nodes 239 Notes 241 References 243 List of figures and tables Figure 4.1 Case study areas 73 Figure 4.2 Migration flows within and between areas of core settlement and the suburbs (moves of interviewees) 75 Figure 5.1 Glasgow neighbourhoods 93 Figure 6.1 Distribution of South Asian population (% of the total postcode sector population), 1991 115 Figure 6.2 Glasgow neighbourhoods 116 Figure 6.3 Distribution of South Asian population (% of the total postcode sector population), 2001 118 Figure 6.4a Change in the South Asian population (% of the total postcode sector population), 1991-2001 118 Figure 6.4b Close view of changes in South Asian population (% of the total postcode sector population), 1991-2001 119 Figure 6.5 Distribution of the Pakistani population (% of the total postcode sector population), 1991 123 Figure 6.6 Distribution of the Pakistani Population (% of the total postcode sector population), 2001 123 Figure 6.7 Change in distribution of the Pakistani population (% of the total postcode sector population), 1991-2001 124 Figure 6.8 Distribution of the Indian population (% of the total postcode sector population), 1991 124 Figure 6.9 Distribution of the Indian population (% of the total postcode sector population), 2001 124 Figure 6.10 Change in distribution of the Indian population (% of the total postcode sector population), 1991-2001 125 Table 4.1 South Asian population of the area of study at council area level and % of national population, 2001 70 Table 5.1 Scottish population by ethnic group, 2001 87 Table 5.2 Age profile by ethnic group, all people in Scotland, 2001 (%) 88 Table 5.3 Tenure by ethnic group in Scotland, 1991 (% of households) 88 10 UNDERSTANDING PROCESSES OF ETHNIC CONCENTRATION AND DISPERSAL Table 5.4 Tenure by ethnic group in Scotland, 2001 (% of households) 89 Table 5.5 Household structure by number of families and ethnic group, Scotland, 2001 (%) 90 Table 5.6 Occupancy rating by number of families and ethnic group, Scotland, 2001 (%) 90 Table 5.7 BME population in Scotland’s major cities, 1991-2001 (%) 91 Table 5.8 Population of Glasgow City by ethnic group, 2001 92 Table 5.9 Tenure by ethnicity in Greater Glasgow, 2001 (% of households) 98 Table 6.1 Postcode sectors with over 10