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Lexington County Domestic Violence Court: a Partnership and Evaluation

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Lexington County Domestic Violence Court: a Partnership and Evaluation The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Lexington County Domestic Violence Court: A Partnership and Evaluation Author(s): Angela R. Gover Ph.D. ; John M. MacDonald Ph.D. ; Geoffrey P. Alpert Ph.D. ; Irick A. Geary Jr. Document No.: 204023 Date Received: February 2004 Award Number: 2000-WT-VX-0015 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. The Lexington County Domestic Violence Court: A Partnership and Evaluation Research Report Submitted to the National Institute of Justice and the Lexington County Sherifr s Department Angela R. Gover, Ph.D. John M. MacDonald, Ph.D. Geoffrey P. Alpert, Ph.D. Irick A. Geary, Jr., M.C.3. Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice University of South Carolina Columbia, SC 29208 This project funded by the National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, award #2000-WT-VX-0015. Approved By.' Y Date: Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................... 111 ABSTRACT .................................................................................... IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................... VI Scope and Methodology ........................................................................ vi1 Process Evaluation .............................................................................. vi11 Outcome Evaluation .............................................................................. X Conclusion and Implications.. .................................................................... XIV INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 1 Project Description .................................................................................. 6 PROCESS EVALUATION ...................................................................... 11 Court Observations ................................................................................. 11 Interviews With Key Participants ................................................................ 31 Victim and Defendant Interviews................................................................ 52 OUTCOME EVALUATION.................................................................... 62 Time Series ........................................................................................... 62 Spatial Analysis ...................................................................................... 71 Recidivism ............................................................................................ 81 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS .................................................... 90 REFERENCES ..................................................................................... 94 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared with the participation of the Lexington County Criminal Domestic Violence Court personnel and in partnership with the Lexington County Sheriffs Department. Their valuable participation, assistance, and insights are gratefidly acknowledged. We thank Sheriff James R. Metts for his willingness and assistance in establishing a research-practitioner partnership between his agency and the University of South Carolina. We also appreciate the assistance of those who provided resources used in this research. Judge Bruce Rutland graciously provided the research staff with access to court case files in all the Lexington County magistrates’ courts. Captain Scott Prill provided invaluable assistance in facilitating the on-going partnership throughout the study period. Steve Mason and the staff in the records division at the Lexington County Sheriffs Department were especially accommodating in assisting with the sample identification and acquisition of data. We’d like to thank Judge Scott Whittle and Judge Shirley Sons for their kindness in allowing the research staff to spend many hours observing their court sessions. We offer a special thanks to Prosecutor Nicole Howland, Investigator Oscar McIntosh, Investigator Ashley Milton, Sistercare Legal Advocate Debra Haney, and Mental Health Counselor Susan Harris for their invaluable insight and assistance. Finally, this project would not have been possible if it were not for the efforts of Jay Phillips and Nandalyn Heaitley of Lexington County Sheriffs Department who wrote the initial grant that funded the court. This investigation was supported under award #2000-WT-VX-0015 from the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US. Department of Justice. We greatly appreciate the support of our NIJ Project Monitor Dr. Angela Moore Parmley. For more information regarding this report, direct correspondence to govera@i),wm.sc.edu. Abstract Research Goals and Objectives: The current study involved a process and impact evaluation of Lexington County, South Carolina’s Criminal Domestic Violence Court (CDVC). The goal of the project was to determine whether the CDVC was successfully implemented and to assess its impact on recidivism of domestic violence in Lexington County. The CDVC is a specialized court that combines the efforts of law enforcement, judges, prosecutors, mental health professionals, and victim advocates, to improve the safety of domestic violence victims and hold offenders accountable. Research Design & Methodology: Three methods of data collection were used to conduct the process evaluation component of the study. Research staff observed 30 court sessions, interviewed seven key court officials, and interviewed 50 victims and 50 defendants whose cases were processed in the domestic violence court. The following three methods of quantitative analysis were used to examine the overall impact of the domestic court: a time series intervention analysis; a spatial analysis of the geographic boundaries of domestic violence arrests; and a recidivism analysis of 189 defendants arrested for domestic violence before the implementation of the court and 197 defendants arrested for domestic violence after the court’s implementation. IV Research Results and Conclusions: The results from the process evaluation indicate that an effective courtroom workgroup emerged and that important systemic changes occurred in the manner in which domestic violence cases were processed. Specifically, the CDVC had changed the focus of domestic violence prosecution from a traditional passive approach to an active approach that emphasized victim safety, offender accountability, and batterer treatment. Victims and defendants generally thought the CDVC officials treated them with respect and that the outcomes of their cases were fair. These results suggest that specialized domestic violence courts that emphasize collaboration between law enforcement officials, prosecutors, judges, and treatment providers can be successfully implemented and can change the process through which domestic violence cases are adjudicated. The results from the impact evaluation indicate that domestic violence arrests increased significantly after the CDVC was established, but that recidivism rates significantly decreased for defendants processed through the CDVC compared to the historical control group. The results from the impact evaluation suggest that domestic violence can be affected by increased coordination and attention from representatives of the criminal justice system. The results from this study also suggest that systematic localized court interventions in rural settings aimed at domestic violence defendants can be effective at enhancing enforcement and improving victim safety. Findings from this study suggest that the CDVC can serve as a model for other rural jurisdictions interested in establishing domestic violence courts. V Goldkamp et al., 1996). Many of the jurisdictions that have implemented domestic violence courts have done so without a standardized definition that directs judicial practices (Weber, 2000). Even more problematic is that the majority of research on this topic examines domestic violence courts in urban settings. As a result, precious little evidence is available to assist criminal justice agencies in rural areas design appropriate judicial intervention to combat domestic violence. The current study is designed to fill that void and evaluate the effectiveness of a specialized criminal domestic violence court. A separate Criminal Domestic Violence Court (CDVC) court was established in November 1999 in Lexington County, South Carolina, to hold perpetrators of domestic violence accountable through increasing fines and jail time, as well as placing a strong emphasis on mandatory batterer treatment programs. The court operates on a multi-agency collaborative approach and has handled more than 2,000 cases since its inception. Scope and Methodology An evaluation was undertaken to measure the extent to which the CDVC was successful /. in implementing its goals of establishing an effective court that enhances victim safety and providing a model of therapeutic jurisprudence. The
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