Tufto’s ENGLISH-SINHALESE Dr DICTIONARY aft 뗔ෆ්තොතොගෙතොගෙ

ඉග්‍රීස- සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය

©1982 Asbjørn Tufto 2012 : 2nd edition (version updated 27 March 2013)

“I still believe the most beautiful alphabet was created by the Sinhalese. The insect of ink curves into a shape that is almost sickle, spoon, eyelid. The letters are washed blunt glass which betray no jaggedness … and so a curling alphabet was derived from its Indian cousin. Moon coconut. The bones of a lover’s spine.” Michael Ondaatje in “Running”

“Language is a ford (뗓ථ) through the river of time, it leads us to the dwelling of those gone before; but he cannot arrive there, who fears deep water.” Vladislav Illich-Svitych

엒ස්සු ස 觓වත තොගෙවන ǒ뷒ය දන엊න ඕන නම 엒ස්සු ස엊තොගෙ භාෂාවල් දැනගන්ෂවල දන엊න ඕන. Fairbanks, Gair & deSilva

Index A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, Æ

Transliteration: This glossary is written in a romanized transcription throughout, but since Unicode standards now also provide for Sinhala characters (තොගෙහꗒය), I have included the non-transcribed representation (සහල වචන) in speech form, as well as a number of sentences (ව槊ක) since they represent the gate to colloquial Sinhala. The Sinhala writing system is largely phonetic in that one can understand how words are pronounced simply by looking at their spelling; it is a segmental system in which consonant- vowel sequences are written as single units.

There is however no commonly agreed convention for phonetic transcription of Sinhala – or Tamil. My orthography is a mix of Fairbanks et al (1973) and Reynolds (1980), who both follow familiar conventions used for South Asian languages and is largely self-explanatory. Reynold’s “Sinhalese–an English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 2 introductory course” pursues a romanised transcription very faithful to the original Sinhalese syllables. Vowel length is generally indicated by doubling the vowel symbol. Other scholars, however, use a macron, e.g. ‘hāl’ replacing ‘haal’ (Sinhalese word for ‘uncooked rice’). Similarly, retroflex consonants may be represented by either capitalization or underdot, e.g. ‘maTǝ’ or ‘maṭǝ’ (Sinhalese for ‘mouth’).

Pronunciation: sound අ槔ර english IPA Comments example equivalent: a අ but [a] Short a (full) aa ආ father, fast [aː] Long a (full) ə again, sofa, [ə] Reduced [a], a neutral vowel, much as in cf ‘schwa’ ago, about, unaccented syllables in English; is taken considered a positional variant of ‘a’ əə occurs only in loan-words səər, i.e. ‘sir’ i ඉ pit [i] Short i ii ඊ keen, bean [iː] Long i u උ put [u] Short u uu ඌ moon [uː] Long u e එ yet [e] Short e ee ඒ french thé [eː] Long e o ඔ domain [o] Short o oo ඕ french rôle [oː] Long o æ ඇ cat, hat [æ] Short ä ææ ඈ jam, bad [æː] Long ä ai ඓ my au ඖ out k kid [ka] Voiceless, velar stop Tikak g good [ɡa] Voiced counterpart of ‘k’ b බ bread [ba] Voiced counterpart of ‘p’ p ප apple [pa] Voiceless bilabial stop c ච church [t ʃa] Voiceless palatal affricate j ජ judge, joy [d ʒa] Voiced counterpart of ‘c’ T ට tool, tank, but [ʈa] Voiceless retroflex stop; tongue end tongue slightly touches the palate above the alveolar further back ridge D ඩ duck, dog, but [ɖa] Voiced counterpart of ‘T’, retroflex stop, tongue slightly tongue end touches the palate above the further back alveolar ridge t approx. equal [ta] Voiceless dental stop to [th] in thin d ද approx. equal [da] Voiced counterpart of ‘t’, true dental stop to [th] in this m ම mat [ma] When final in a word, often replaced by ‘ŋ’ n න not [na] Nasal; when final in a word, often replaced by ‘ŋ’; not distinguishable from ණ in pronunciation English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 3 n ණ [na] Retrolex, tongue end touches the palate above the alveolar ridge ŋ o sing Nasal, velar ñ ඤ French cognac [ɲa] Palatal nasal sound, i.e. Spanish España l ල letter [la] Dental lateral, not distinguishable from ළ in pronunciation l ළ [ḷa] Retroflex, tongue end touches the palate above the alveolar ridge r ර ring, run [ra] When initial, fairly strong aspirated, i.e. rææ sounds like hrææ s ස්සු sit, sun [sa] sh ශ wish Fricative (palatal) sound ş ෂ approx. equal Retroflex sound of sh to shut h හ hit [ha] y ය yet [ja] In intervocalic positions, very lightly pronounced; iyi -> ii; aya [əyə]-> ee v ව wine [ʋa] Something between v and w; ňga ඟ singer [ⁿɡa] Half-nasal …or prenasalized stops, a ඟ gaňga ňja ඦ [nd ʒa] Half-nasal distinctive Sinhala sound ňDa ඬ and [ⁿɖa] Half-nasal setting it off from Dravidian and Indo-Aryan ňda ඳ ‘in the’… [ⁿda] Half-nasal languages (Gair 1998) m ba ඹ humble [ᵐba] Half-nasal f ෆ්තො [fa, ɸa]

Thematic focuses The glossaries included reflects my personal interests, ranging from natural sciences and farming to anthropology, politics and religion.

Hamar, December 2011 Asbjørn Tufto අස්සු �තොගෙය엊 뗔ෆ්තොතොගෙ

Bibliography: A S. Anawaratne (1912): Easy steps to Sinhalese. Wesleyan Mission Press BH B. Herath (2011): Beginning readings in colloquial Sinhala. Cornell Univ. C Clough’s Sinhala-English Dictionary, number referring to page CA Carol S. Anderson et al (ed) 2012: Embedded languages: Studies of Sri Lankan and Buddhist cultures. Essays in honor of W.S. Karunatillake. 408 pp. CS Czech Sarana (2012): Sinhálsko-Anglicko-Český, Anglicko-Sinhálsko-Český, Česko-Sinhálsko-Anglický <1> DC Dileep Chandralal (2010): Sinhala. London Oriental and African Language Library 15 DG Dayaratne Garusinghe (1962): Sinhalese. The spoken idiom. Max Hueber Verlag DRW D.R. Wijegoonewardane (1951): Colloquial Sinhalese through easy way. DS D.D.De Saram (1979): An introduction to spoken Sinhala. The External Services Agency, Univ. of Sri Lanka F Fosen lectures 1983-84 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 4 FGdS Fairbanks, Gair & de Silva (1973): Colloquial Sinhalese (Sinhala) FSI Foreign Service Institute 1979: Basic course series in Sinhala. Ithaca, New York. <1> G J. W. Gair (1998): Studies in South Asian linguistics. Sinhala and other South Asian Languages. Oxford; number referring to page. GK J.W. Gair & W.S. Karunatilaka (1976):Samples of Contemporary Sinhala Prose with Glossary and Brief Grammatical Notes. Number referring to chapter. GP J.W. Gair & J. Paolillo (1997): Sinhala. 72 pp. JBD J. B. Disanayaka (undat.): National languages of Sri Lanka I – Sinhala. Dep. of Cultural Affairs. <1> JBD2 J. B. Disanayaka (2007): Say it in Sinhala. JBD3 J. B. Disanayaka (1998): Understanding the Sinhalese JBD4 J. B. Disanayaka (2012): Encyclopaedia of Sinhala language and culture. 774 pp. JP Jonathan Spencer (1999): A Sinhala village in a time of trouble. Politics and change in rural Sri Lanka. JWG James W. Gair: Subjects, cases and INFL in Sinhala <1> JWG2 James W. Gair (1970): Colloquial Sinhalese Clause Structures. JWG3 James W. Gair (2005): Some aspects of finiteness and control in Sinhala. In: The Yearbook of South Asian Languages and Linguistics 2005 H Henadeerage, D.K. (2002): Topics in Sinhala Syntax; number referring to page <1> K W.S. Karunatillake, An introduction to spoken Sinhala; number referring to page K2 W.S. Karunatillake (1988): Noun-stem in colloquial Sinhala LP Lonely Planet Phrasebook, Sinhala M මලලතොගෙස්සු රඉග්‍රීස- සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය MAs Theresa McGarry & Liyanage Amarakeerthi (2011): Beginning Colloquial Sinhala: An Introductory Sinhala Curriculum. Student edition. Cornell University <1>, MAt Theresa McGarry & Liyanage Amarakeerthi (2011): Beginning Colloquial Sinhala: An Introductory Sinhala Curriculum. Teacher’s guide. Cornell University MAD Madura Online Dictionary – Unicode Version <1> MB Menike Bandhusena (1989): Norsk-singalesisk ordliste. Voksenopplæringens forlag MM Michael Meyler, A dictionary of Sri Lankan English MO Michael Ondaatje (Anil’s Ghost) NeLC National e-learning Centre, http://www.e-learning.lk/ <1> R Reynolds; number referring to chapter RW Sinhala-English Dictionary. Compiled by Ranjith Wickramasinghe S A.W.L. Silva (2008): Teach yourself Sinhalese. A complete course for beginners with minidictionary. 586 pp. SdS M.W.Sugathapala de Silva (1971): A colloquial Sinhalese reader; numbers referring to chapter. SG Siripala Gamage’s personal contribution (1984) SP Shirley Perera (2009): Sinhala Katha Karamu. Let us speak Sinhala. Vol 1, Vol 2, Vol 3 T Asbjørn Tufto’s personal notes (1984) TLD Department of Offical Lanuages (2012): Tri Lingual Dictionary: Sinhala, Tamil, English W Wikipedia WG Wilhelm Geiger (1941): An etymological glossary of the Sinhalese language. WIS W. I. Siriweera (2009): Tradition and livelihood. A study of traditional practices and technologies in agriculture, animal husbandry, irrigation and fisheries. Nat. Sc. Foundation

Abbreviations: Glossing abbreviations: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_glossing_abbreviations English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 5 Refe- Norw. rence: * mostly used in spoken language ** mostly used in written S:viii litterært ord, Sinhalese uttrykk 1, 2, 3 1st person, 2nd p, 3rd p. H Ø zero anaphora A declarative marker on verbs -a ABL ablative case, අව쇒 ǒභාෂාවල් දැනගන්槊뗒ය of anim. nouns: -gen, SP2:9 ablativ, i.e. -of inanim. nouns: -en, frasteds-kasus -in ACC accusative case ම -va (is restricted to H, kasus for direkte ǒභාෂාවල්; දැනගන්槊뗒ය denotes the object ANIM n. and pron.); SP2:10 objekt not in South dialects (Ambalangoda-Matara) ACT.DEP Action dependent form; when …-ma x …. ACT.INDE action independent form; even …-at S143 P if x …. adj. adjective නමǒතොගෙශෂණ adjektiv adv. adverb 槊යǒතොගෙශෂණ adverb AFF affirmative H Agric agriculture, agricultural AM assertion marker -ය -yi [-y]; H ANIM animative H Arch AUX auxiliary case රණ ǒභාෂාවල්, දැනගන්槊뗒ය syn. instrumental case Bot. botany CAU causative; ‘C verb’ G H CDS child directed speech cf. confer, i.e. refer to other entries colloq colloquial muntlig COMP complementiser that H CONC concessive, also called ‘action -at independent form’ COND conditional , also called ‘future -ot / naŋ H conditional form’ CONJ conjunction -yi H konjunksjon (sideordnet, underordn.) DAT dative case ස්සු මප්‍රදන -Ta H, dativ ǒභාෂාවල් දැනගන්槊뗒ය SP2:4, R2, DEF definite H bestemt form DEM demonstrative demonstrativer; “denne/dette/dis se og den/det/de” English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 6 DIAL dialect, dialectic DM, Diga Mandulu (South- east); Ka, Kandyan; Ru, Ruhuna or Southern; 4K, hatara koorala (Kegalle); 7K, hat koorala (North Western P); RR Raja Rata (North Central P); W, Western = S, standard DUB dubitative focus marker Yæ H E scope marker on verbs -e H EMP, EM emphatic marker, emphasizing -ma [-mə] H emfatisk markør particle NPT.EMP, emphatic non-past -nne tense PT.EMP, emphatic past tense -e eg. English ERG ergative case H Etymol. etymological EXC exclusive focus marker vitarayi [witəray] H F, FEM feminine FNEG negative focus marker nemeyi [nemey] H FOC general contrastive focus tamayi / tamaa /-yi H marker FUT future tense; applies to 1SG -e H, R14 and 1pl -nnam: future termination FUT.CON Future conditional form, if x … …-ot S143 D GEN genitive case ස්සු මබ엊ධ -ge, in books usually H, genitiv, ǒභාෂාවල්; දැනගන්槊뗒ය denotes ownership written -gee; restricted SP2:6 eiendomskasus (possession) to animate n. -e, -ee; inanimates GER gerund form, i.e. a verb in its -iima, -illa S144 Gerundium, -ing form (present participle), substantivisk acting as a noun; also called form av et verb, verbal nominals G17 ‘verbal- substantiv’ HON honorific HORT hortative marker; let’s… -mu IMP imperative Stem +-ə*; -an** INAN inanimate H IND indicative form, NPT-IND / PT -vaa / -aa evidential mood; beskriver en faktisk handling IND indefinite ending (article) -k H ubestemt (artikkel) INF infinitive, equivalent to -nna (South); -nDa H imperative IMP (Colombo sociolect SP); -nTa (upcountry dialect) English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 7 INFER inferential form -i or -vi, expressing DC74 futurity INST instrumental case, syn. ANIM: -gen / atiŋ H, kasus for midlet auxiliary case රණ INAN: -en, -in [-eŋ, SP2:13 ǒභාෂාවල් දැනගන්槊뗒ය -iŋ] INV / involitive; unintended, -enavaa + root vowel R, H passiv INVOL unwillingly, unintentionally; ‘P a→æ, u→i, o→e verb’ for passive? G Lit literary meaning LOC locative case ආධර sg.: -e, -ee H, kasus for ǒභාෂාවල්; දැනගන්槊뗒ය denotes the place PL: -vala [-vələ] SP2:12 påsteds- that helps the person who does forklaring the action; M, MASC masculine n noun substantiv NEG negative particle nææ H NEG negation NF non-finite H NOM = nominative case, ප්‍රථම H, NOM subjektets DIR ǒභාෂාවල්; දැනගන්槊뗒ය denotes the ‘doer’ SP2:3 kasus of an action; the subject of a finite verb; also ‘direct case’ FGdS NOMIN nominalised form H NPT ‘non-past tense non-finite’ verb stem+na DC, ‘Infinitiv’ (DC) H, FGdS NPT-IND Non-past-tense indicative verb stem+na+vaa presens, nåtid (PRES) (DC), by others called ‘present futurum, framtid infinitive form’ (S), or ‘simple present’ (K); indicates present as well as future tense. NPT-REL cf. VA verb stem+na OPP opposite OPT optative H optativ; verb- kategori som uttrykker et ønske orig. origin(al) P particle H PAS passive H PT / PST / ‘past indicative form’ (DC), DC preteritum, PAST also called ‘past infinitive’ (S) fortid PT-REL cf. VA PER permissive, take 3rd p. subjects. -dden, -aave, -den H, DC72 PL plural �හ H PLUP pluperfect = PP + tiyenavaa.PT PP + tiyunaa, pol. / polite / impolite (intimate) impol. POSS possessive H English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 8 POSTP postposition H PP ‘past participle’ (DC), also -laa DC, H Perfektum; (PPL) called ‘perfect participle’, ‘past ‘forrige’ (W) participle form’ (S) or only ‘participle’ (abbr. PPL); also ‘absolutive form’ (SP, R), and ‘anterior’ (W) prep. preposition preposisjon PRES present tense PRES.CON present continuous form = =REDUP + innavaa pron pronoun pronomen prov proverb ordtak, PTCP particle H PTG particle marker gamaŋ PTK particle marker kota [kotə] Q question marker, ද də REDUP reduplicated form of verb acting as participle = simultaneous REL relative clause REP reportative focus marker -lu SG singular syn. synonymous TAG contrastive topic marker naŋ v. verb verb VN verbal noun; denotes person or -nnaa to a verbal stem agent of action K2:28 Denoting actions in process -iima or -illa to a verbal stem Denoting more concrete senses -mana vt verb transitive vi verb intransitive vti verb bi-transitive, taking an inanimate direct object and an indirect object vta verb transitive, taking an animate object VA verbal adjective ≈relative DC’s (REL) clause (REL), having three abbr. forms: VA 1. NPT-REL, also called -a [ə] S143 presens incomplete adjective form partisipp, eks. ‘gående’ 2. PT-REL, also called past -ya [-yə] preteritum adjective, or complete partisipp, eks. adjective form ‘som gikk’ 3. PP-REL, also called perfect -pu or -cca S144 perfektum adjective, or complete partisipp, eks. adjective form (more colloq ‘som har gått’ than PT-REL) VOC vocative case, ආලපන tiltale-kasus ǒභාෂාවල්; දැනගන්槊뗒ය denotes a person English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 9 called or addressed, with a command or imperative request VOL volitive; willfully, willingly -anavaa aktiv and intentionally; exercise of -inavaa the will; ‘A verb’ for active? G

A අ ආ a ā, aa

be able: 퇔ᗔව엊 puluvan R6, R20A23; හක** hæki**; ඇහ槊 æhæk (Ru DIAL, JBD4:137); cf. ‘can’ I.DAT can (lit ‘is possible for me’): maTa puluvan / puluvani [puluvəni], pilivan**/pilivani** be unable to do: bærivenavaa S471 be unable: bæhæ / bææ*, bæri S202; was not able: 퇔ව엊 ǔතොගෙ엊 න. BH6 There is nothing that Tony cannot do: tooniTa bæri deyak nææ. S202 That lady can write and read Sinhala: ඒ තොගෙනනට සහල ය엊න කයව엊න 퇔ව. CS My friend was not able to go abroad: මතොගෙ යᗔවට රට ය엊න බ උන. <1> about (prep, syn ‘concerning’, s.DIR): න gæna (post position, noun.ACC) R23; 퇒ᗒබඳ pilibaňda; ස්සු මබ엊ධවsambaňdava I know about that: mama ee gæna dannavaa S200 things about religions: ආම 퇒ᗒබඳ න <1> I wrote an essay about Sigiriya.මම ී燒ය න රචනය槊 NJව. NeLC15 about (adv): ǒර vitara [vitərə] ‘(Please) give me about a meter of cloth’: තොගෙර뷒 ටරය槊 ǒර 엊න. NeLC9 above (adv): උඩ uDa R8, uDaTa, uDin; ඉහළ ihala SP1:15, ඉහᗒ엊 ihalin S:512 above it: එට.DAT ඉහᗒ엊 abroad (adv, foreign country): 퇒ටරට piTa raTa [piTə raTə] One of my friends is going abroad next week: ලබන ස්සු 뗒තොගෙය මතොගෙ යᗔතොගෙව槊 රට යනව. <1> absorb (vt): NPT-IND උර 엊නව uraa gannavaa, PT u gæhuvaa absurd (adj): ǒර vikaara (syn. ‘nonsense’, ‘nuts’, ‘screwy’) abundantly (adv): වතොගෙරට vakaareTa Pepper grows abundantly: මස්සු වතොගෙවනව වතොගෙරට. JBD4:147 abuse verbally (vt, syn. ‘scold’, ‘blame’, ‘insult’, takes DAT): NPT-IND බ엒නව baninavaa R16, PT bænnaa S512, PP bænalaa, IMP baninna, GER බ엓ම bæniima S280 I scolded the child: mama lamayaaTa bænnaa; I (involuntarily/on impulse) scolded the child: maTa lamayaaTa bænunaa. G71 Abutilon indicum L. (Bot., medicinal plant, leaves for haemorroids): තොගෙබතොගෙහත අතොගෙනදbehet anoodaa (Eng. Indian abutilon, Indian mallow) <1>, <2>, Acalypha indica L. (Bot., medicinal plant against bronchial asthma): 槔퇊පතොගෙම엒ය kuppameeniya (Eng. Indian Acalypha <1>, <2>, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 10 Acanthus illicifolius L. (Bot., mangrove ‘weed’ species, 0.5-1.5 m high): 鷔 ඉකය kaTu ikili. <1>, <2>, accept (vt, ir): NPT-IND බර 엊නව baara gannavaa (syn. ‘take into custody’, ‘admit’, ‘enter upon’, ‘take burden’), PT baaragattaa, PP baaragena, IMP baaraganna S471 accept an invitation (v): aaraadanee baara gannavaa MAs334 Take my sins on you (Rel.; saying to a God): මතොගෙග පNJ බර엊න. CS PROV: Like the donkey accepting the work of the dog: බලලතොගෙ වතොගෙ �ව බර-ත වතොගෙ. JBD4:239 accept (vt, ir, syn. ‘admit as true’, ‘receive’): NPT-IND 퇒ᗒ엊නව piligannavaa, PT piligattaa, PP piligena, IMP piliganna S464; NPT-IND ‘accept’ karanavaa, PT a. kalaa [kəla], PP a. karalaa, IMP a. karanna S512 He admits that he was wrong: එයට වර뷔න කයල එය 퇒ᗒ엊නව. <1> I can accept that: මට එය 퇒ᗒ엊න 퇔ᗔව엊 maTa eya piliganna puluvan. accident: æksiDaŋ-eka R28, hadisi(ya) accidentally: බ තොගෙවල bæri velaa R13, cf. ‘be unable to do’, bærivenavaa acclimatization (n): අන槖ලනය (syn ‘adjustment’) accordingly, according to (a): අනව anuva according to that (adv): ee anuva; according to this (adv): mee anuva I acted accordingly: mama ee anuva kriyaa kalaa. S227 take account of: ganangannavaa R12 take (a person): ekka-yanavaa R18 ache: 槊槔ම kækkuma head ache: ඉස්සු 槊槔ම hisee kækkuma; ඔᗔතොගෙNJ oluvee k.; tooth ache: දත dat k.; stomach ache: baDee kækkuma ache (v): NPT-IND කයනව kakiyanavaa; ache (vi, INV): NPT-IND තොගෙදනව ridenavaa, PT ridunaa, PP ridilaa SP3:151; cf. ‘pain’, ‘hurt’ Achyranthes aspera L. (Bot., medicinal plant for haemorroids): gaskaralhaba (Eng. Prickly Chaff- flower) <1> Acorus calamus L. (Eng. Sweet Flag, Calamus, Cinnamon sedge, Norw ‘kalmusrot’): වදහ vadakaha <1>, <2>; in SL an infusion of the rhizome is given for dyspepsia, flatulence, choleraic diarrhoea in children, cough, fever. It is also antidote for several poisons. get acquainted with (v): අ췔න 엊නව aňdunaa gannavaa MAs344 (syn. ‘identify’ MAD) acquire (vt): NPT-IND ලබ엊නව labaagannavaa R25A14, PT l.gattaa, PP l.gena, IMP l.ganna S127; cf. ‘earn’ hamba karanavaa R21 acre (n): අ槊රය akkaraya NeLC14, PL akkara K86 The land is about one acre: iDama akkarayak vitara lokuyi.AM NeLC14 These two are cutting about an acre.GEN.IND of rice plants today: තොගෙම තොගෙද엊න අදඅ槊තොගෙ ǒර තොගෙයම පනව. JWG2:61 across (prep, post-position): හරහ harahaa R25, හරහට harahaTa S513 Children suddenly run across the road: lamayi paara harahaa paninavaa. DC120 Acrostichum aureum L. (Bot., water plant): kerang koku <1> act (n, syn ‘bill’, ‘enactment’, ‘article’): පන panata; cf. ‘sinhala only act’ act (a role) (v): NPT-IND රඟපනව raňgapaanavaa MAs344 (syn. ‘display’, ‘perform’ MAD), PT , PP , IMP , ‘action’: ම karma activity (n): ටත kaTayutta, PL kaTayutu, 槊යව kriyaava ‘It happened this way’: තොගෙම 槊යව ස뷊ද තොගෙNJ. <1> actor (n): M නᗔව naluvaa, F 엒ᗒය niliya, PL naluvoo English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 11 film actor (n): citrapaTi [citrəpəTi] naluvaa actress (n): 엒ᗒය niliya, PL niliyoo Adam’s Peak (n): ශපද shrii paada, also ස්සු මනළ 엊ද lit ‘butterfly mountain’ <1>, <2>, ‘aday!’, ‘adai!’: aDee; exclamation, like hey!, wow! add (vt): NPT-IND එ뗔 රනව ekatu karanavaa, PT e. kalaa [kəla], PP e. karalaa, IMP e. karanna be added (v): NPT-IND ekatu venavaa, PT e. unaa, PP e. velaa, IMP e. venna be addicted (v, o.DAT): NPT-IND ඇ�බහ තොගෙවනව æbbæhi venavaa (syn ‘be used to’), PT æ. unaa, PP æ. velaa My brother is addicted to smoking.DAT. මතොගෙග අයය/මල 뷔ම �මට ඇ�බහ තොගෙවල. <1> address (n): kalaava; 퇒නය lipinaya [lipinee]; ඇඩ්‍රස්සු එ* [æDrəs ekə] (Look) here’s my address: menna magee lipinaya Can I have your address, please: karunaakara maTa obee lipinaya denavaada? Do you have an e-mail address: obaTa iimeel lipinayak tiyanavaada? Adenanthera pavonina, Adenanthera microsperma Teijsm (Bot., large tree, ‘Red beadtree’, medicinal properties): මද鷒ය madaTiya. <1> Adhatoda vasica Nees (Bot., SYN Adhatoda zeylanica Medic.): ආඩ තොගෙඩ aaDa tooDa <1> adjust (vt): NPT-IND harigassanavaa, PT harigæssuvaa, PP harigassalaa ‘the man who adjusts’ (v. adj.+pre.): harigassana.VA minihaa administration (n): පපලනය paripaalanaya administrator (n): පපලය paripaalakayaa, බලරය balakaarayaa CS, admit (vt): ඒත뗔 엊නව eettu gannavaa adolescent (n): gæTa DC84; gæTayaa (very young chap); gæTissi (very young girl, ‘maid’) K2:25, PL gæTissiyoo S438 adult (n): වꗒහ鷒ය væDihiTiyaa; cf. ‘elderly’ in advance (of time): ල뗒ය CS advice (n): උපතොගෙ뷊ශය upadeeşaya [upədesəyə]; අවවදය avvaadaya [avaadee] advise (vt): NPT-IND උපතොගෙදස්සු තොගෙදනව upadees [upədes] denavaa, PT u. dunnaa, PP u. diilaa, IMP u. denna S124 advise (vt): NPT-IND අවවද රනව avvaada karanavaa, PT a. kalaa, PP a. karalaa, IMP a. karanna I advise you not to go there: එතොගෙහ ය엊න එප කයල මම ඔයට අවවද රනව. <1> adze (n, ): වය vææya <1>, aeroplane, cf. ‘plane’ Aerva lanata L. (Bot., medicinal plant treating Dysuria, Renal Calculi): තොගෙපල පලpolpala <1> Afghan (adj): ඇෆ්තොඝ엊 æfghan afraid (adj, s.DAT): භාෂාවල් දැනගන්ය, බය baya; cf. ‘worried’ He is afraid: එය(ට) බයය eyaa(Ta) bayayi.AM S513; He is afraid of me.DAT: එය මට බයය eyaa maTa bayayi S513; I'm not afraid of that guy.DAT: මම ඒ 엒හට බය නහ. <1> I.DIR /.ACC was afraid: mama / maava baya unaa. <1> I feel afraid.AM (Lit ‘There is fear to the mind.DAT’): hitaTa bayayi. <1> What.DAT.Q are you afraid of? ඔය තොගෙමටද බය? <1> His family is afraid.INST for his job: එයතොගෙග පǔතොගෙල අය එයතොගෙග රස්සු ස්සු ව න බතොගෙය엊 ඉ엊තොගෙ엊. <1> to alarm, frighten (vt): NPT-IND baya karanavaa, PT b. kalaa become / get afraid (v): NPT-IND බය තොගෙවනව baya venavaa, PT බය උන , PP බය තොගෙවල, IMP , බය තොගෙව臊ච (i.e. got scared unexpectedly) CS afresh: aluten R20 African (adj): අපපන‍ aprikaanu, e.g. අපපන‍ ස්සු 槊 ‘baobab’ <1> after, afterwards: පස්සු තොගෙස්සු passe R25, R29c; (suffix) -ක -kin CS English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 12 After breakfast, father walks to the paddyfield: udee kææmen.ABL passe, taattaa kumburaTa.DAT yanavaa. SG He will come (probably) after a month: මතොගෙස්සු ට පස්සු තොගෙස්සු එය ඒǒ. NeLC15 He learned Tamil in (lit ‘after’) five years: එය අǔ뷔 පහක තොගෙදමළ ඉතොගෙනත. CS afterwards / after that: ඊට පස්සු තොගෙස්සු iiTa passé After that my bus also came: ඊට පස්සු තොගෙස්සු ම යන බස්සු එත ආව. CS afternoon: හවස්සු havasa R12, හ엊දව hændææva R17 be afternoon: havasvenavaa, hændææ venavaa R20A33 good afternoon! සභාෂාවල් දැනගන්දවල槊 AGA, Assistant Government Agent (n): උප 뷒ස්සු ප뗒뗔ම upa disaapatitumaa / upa disaapati; cf. ‘government agent’ again (adv.): aayi(t), aayet R17 R25e, aayemat ආතොගෙයත එ엊න! ’Please’ come again! Say (it) again: aayet kiyanna. FGdS39 Work will begin.NPT.EMP again next month: aayet væDa paTan ganne labana maase. FGdS205 against (adv, syn. opposite, contrary): ǒ뷊ධ virudda R28 age (n): වයස්සු vayasa R16, PL vayasaval how old? vayasa kiiyada How old are you (Lit ‘what is your age.GEN’)? ඔයතොගෙ වයස්සු 槓ය ද? oyaage vayasa kiiyada? SP2:7 I’m forty-nine: magee vayasa hatalis-namayayi.AM. T I’m twenty years old (Lit ‘to me.DAT there are twenty years’): maTa avuruddu vissayi. FGdS2:27 from the age of five: අǔ뷔 පතොගෙහ ඉඳල. CS age (v): NPT-IND වයස්සු ට යනව vayasaTa yanavaa, PT v. giyaa, PP v. gihillaa, IMP v. yanna Ageratum conyzoides L (Bot., med. herb ‘Goat Weed’): හලල hulaŋtalaa <1>, ‘aggala’: අගල aggalaa; a type of sweet made with rice flour and honey and shaped into balls <1> Aggona (n, village name): අගතොගෙන ago: uDadi R20; උꗒ엊 uDin (syn. ‘over’, ‘up’); ඉස්සු ස්සුර issara; 엊 kalin BH18 two months ago: මස්සු තොගෙදට උꗒ엊 CS half an hour ago: පය භාෂාවල් දැනගන්ය ට ඉස්සු ස්සුර two weeks ago: සමතොගෙන තොගෙදට ඉස්සු ස්සු ර/ සමතොගෙන තොගෙදට 엊 This story starts about one year ago: තොගෙම ව පට엊 엊තොගෙන අǔ뷊දට ǒර 엊. T agree (vi): NPT-IND එඟ තොගෙවනව ekaňga venavaa, PT e. unaa Do you agree with we? එඟද, න뷊ද? I don't agree with you about/on this. මම තොගෙම ස්සු මබ엊ධතොගෙය엊 ඔය එ槊 එඟ තොගෙව엊තොගෙ엊 නහ; My parents didn't agree with my decision.DAT: මතොගෙග තොගෙදමNJ퇒තොගෙය මතොගෙග 뗓රණයට එඟ ǔතොගෙ엊 නහ; He agreed to come with us: අ퇒ත එ槊 එ엊න එය එඟ ǔන; <1> agreement: එඟǓම ekaňga viima MAD agreement (or affirmation), expressions of: saadu saadu DC58 agriculture (n): ৒ම kruşhik(a)rmaya, තොගෙǒන govitæna ‘ah / heck!’ (colloq): ශහ sah! Ahaetulla nasuta (Zool, Eng. ‘Green Vine Snake’): ඇහ鷔ලල æhæTullaa <1>, AIDS (n): ඒස්සු eeDs <1>, <2>, ailment (n, syn ‘physical disorder or suffering’): අමව amaaruva air (n): වය, වතොගෙ vaatee, හළ hulaŋ CS ‘nothing like fresh air’: අත වය පමණ CS ‘aiyo!’: ayiyoo (= amme! ammo! apo!); oh! oh no! oh dear! oh God! English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 13 Akuressa (n): අ槔ස්සු ස්සු akuræssa A/L (n): උස්සු ස්සු තොගෙපළusas pela <1>, cf. ‘O/L’ alas: anee R7, R15b (expression typical of female speakers <1>) do give it to me: denna ko anee! Albizzia lebbek (n, Bot, medicinal): ූයමර suuriyamaara <1>, <2>, alcohol (n): මතප엊 matpæn (syn. ‘liquor’) <1>; pronunciation <2> alcoholic (n / adj, syn ‘booze’): තොගෙබතොගෙ�* bebee (shortened form of තොගෙ�බ뷊ද); kasippu (‘illicit a.’) an addict to or one who distills illicit liquor: kasippuvaa K2:27 alike (adj): eka vage(-yi); cf. ‘same’ All white men we see are alike: sudu mahattvaru kavurut apaTa peenne eka vageyi.AM. FGdS271 These two boys are alike: mee lamayi dennaa eka vageyi / samaanayi.AM. FGdS2:118 Those two are just alike: ee dekama ekayi. MAs321 all (pron, syn. ‘everyone’): ඔ槊තොගෙම okkoma R10, තොගෙස්සු රම seerama FGdS258 all dogs: ballo okkoma / okkoma ballo It is I who do.NPT.EMP all the work in our house: apee gedara væDa okkoma karanne mama tamayi. <1> all along: tisse, digaTama I like to work non-stop: mama digaTama væDa karanna kæmatiyi.AM. FGdS325 allergy (n): I.NOM (have) bread flour allergy: මම ප엊 퇒鷒 ඇල角 (අස්සු ත). Mamǝ paaŋ piTi ælǝrji (asatmikǝta). T I.DAT cannot eat food that is made.VADJ.PP of bread flours.PL.GEN: මට ප엊 퇒鷒 ව엊 හද퇔 ම 엊න බ. maTǝ paaŋ piTi vǝliŋ hadǝpu kææmǝ kannǝ bææ. T Allium ascalonicum, cf. ‘shallot’ Allium sativum, cf. ‘garlic’ Allophylus cobbe, A. zeylanicus (Bot., medicinal plant, ‘Tit berry’): තොගෙතොගෙබය භාෂාවල්දැනගන් kobeyi. <1> allow (vt, o.DAT): NPT-IND ඉඩ තොගෙදනව iDa denavaa, ඉඩ අනව iDa arinavaa (lit. ‘give/open up a chance/occasion’); cf. ‘let’ She allows (for) it.DAT: ඇය එයට ඉඩ තොගෙදනව. æya eyaTa iDa denavaa. allow (v): arinavaa R12; denavaa S145; cf. ‘permit’ Let him/her go (Lit’allow him/her to go’): eyaaTa yanna denna S145 Let me cut.PER the tree: mama gaha kapadden; Allow us to cut.PER the tree: api gaha kapadden. DG72 be allowed (vi, syn ‘get permission’): v+labanavaa (lit ‘v+get’) We were not permitted to enter the hall (lit ‘For us to enter the hall (permission) was not got.’): අපට ශලවට ඇ뗔ල තොගෙව엊න (අවස්සු ර) ල�තොගෙන නහ. <1> ‘allowance’ (v, verbal noun): diimana, ‘giving’, orig. denavaa (to give) DC50 almond (n, Bot. Terminalia catappa, tropical almond): තොගෙ鷊ටමබ koTTambaa; රට තොගෙ鷊ටම raTa koTTam [koTTan] almost: වතොගෙග vagee (syn. ‘like’) almost everyday/daily: තොගෙපꗒ ළමය වතොගෙග. BH26 In almost every village there is a school: හම මම වතොගෙග ඉස්සු තොගෙලය槊 뗒තොගෙයනව. K239 alms: දනය daanaya, daane S513 memorial gifts: mataka daane; act of remembrance for the dead in which alms are given to monks and the merit is transferred to the departed person but also diffused more generally. <1> alms-giving: daane; a religious ceremony, involving giving alms to Buddhist monks, or as charity to poor people, e.g. at fixed periods after someone has died. Alocasia indica (Roxb.) (Bot., tall aoid, medicinal): රත අල rat ala <1> Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott (Bot., medicinal herb): හබරල habarala <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 14 alone (adv.): taniyama, taniyen R29; -ම -ma Who else is here? ආය ǔද ඉ엊තොගෙ엊 තොගෙමතොගෙහ? No one: ǔවත න. I am alone: මම 엒යම ඉ엊නව. FSI2:132 I alone must go there today: අද මම ම එතොගෙහ ය엊න ඕන. <1> along (with) (prep): 鷔ව kæTuva (syn. ‘let alone’) <1> along (adv., postposition): 뷒ට digaTa, 뷒තොගෙග dige R25 along the road: paara digee.LOC S514 There are flowers along the fence: væTa digaTa.DAT mal. DC119 alphabet (n, syn ‘script system’): තොගෙහꗒය hooDiya; තොගෙස්සු**; ꗒය (gram) වණමලව varnamaalaava JBD4:119 The English alphabet.LOC contains 26 characters: ඉග්‍රීග්‍රීස‍ තොගෙහꗒතොගෙ 뗒තොගෙය엊තොගෙ엊 අ槔 26 ය. <1> already (adv): දනටමත dænaTamat He is already gone: දනටමත එය 燒හලල; I have already read those books: දනටමත මම ඒ තොගෙපත කයවල. K240 I have been to Kandy already: මම නවර 燒හ 뗒තොගෙයනව. <1> also: ekka R25, -ත* -t* R2, -ද** -da** S199; ඒ වතොගෙගම ee vageema; අ엒 anika (lit ‘the other thing is…’) will go to us also: apiTat denavaa R2 I also went with them**: ovun samaga mamada giyemi** Also / furthermore,…: අ엒… BH30 Alstonia macrophylla (Bot, TRF tree): හව න havari nuga <1>, Alternanthera sessilis or Alternanthera triandra L. (Bot., medicinal plant taken against Parkinsonism, eye diseases): 槔නව엊න mukunu-wænna (Eng. Dwarf copperleaf). <1>, <2> alter (v): cf. ‘change’ although (CONC): -Ta DC202, -at R29, උනත unat <1> Although Ranjit goes.PT.DAT to the temple, he doesn’t offer flowers: ranjit pansal giyaaTa mal puujaa karanne nææ. Although he is.PT.DAT in the class, his heart (lit. ‘mind’) is somewhere else: eyaa pantiye hiTiyaaTa hita vena kohevat. Although I called.CONC him, he didn’t stop: man kataa kalat eyaa nævatunee nææ. DC202 aluminium (n): æluminiyam always (adv.): kavadat R30; nitarama K13; hæmatissema S216, S514; 뗒ස්සු තොගෙස්සු** tissee** MAD It is not good to play always: hæmatissema sellam karana.NPT-REL eka hoňda nææ. S216 I always tell the truth: mama kavadat ætta kiyanavaa. DG80 Alysicarpus vaginalis L. (Bot. Fabaceae, medicinal plant for renal calculi): aswenna (Eng. Alyce clover, Buffalo clover) Amaranthus hybridus L. (Bot., medicinal): රණ මපල rana tampalaa <1> Amaranthus spinosus L. (Bot., medicinal): 鷔 මපල kaTu tampalaa <1> Amaranthus tricolor L. (Bot., medicinal) ස뷔 මපල sudu tampalaa <1> Amaranthus viridis L. (Bot., medicinal): 槖ර මපල kuura tampalaa <1> Amarapura Nikaya (n): අමර퇔ර 엒ය monastic fraternity of ordained monks, founded in 1800 <1>, <2>, Amarasekara (n, surname): අමරතොගෙස්සු ර amaraseekara Amarasinghe (n, surname): අමරසහ amarasiŋha Amarasiri Gunawadu Mawatha (local road name, Meddawatte, Matara); orig. name of famous poet and participant in the තොගෙහළ‘ හǔල Hela Havula’ movement, a Sinhalese literary society that advocates the replacement of Sanskritic words with Hela (native) versions. Amaratunga (n, surname): අමර뗔 amaratuŋga English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 15 ‘ambalama’: අමබලම roadside shelter; open-sided pavilion with an over hanging roof; in ancient times a shed and a traditional resting place for the weary traveler; later also a centre of communication, a simple court of law, point of tax collection, model for the British ‘rest-house’ <1>, <2>, ‘am barella’ (Bot., fruit Spondias dulcis, Malay apple): අඹලල æmbarællaa, a type of fruit like a small, sour, green mango (hog plum or hog apple) MM7 <1> , <2> ambulance (n): ඇම�ල엊ස්සු එ æmbiyulans eka, 燒ල엊 රථය gilan rathaya [ratee] K369 ‘amme’ (colloq): an older woman working as a servant MM8 ‘ammi’ (colloq): = ammaa; mother, Mummy, Mum American (adj. / n, citizen): ඇතොගෙම엊රය I’m American: mama æmerikaave (Lit ‘I’m of America’) FGdS270 among (prep., syn ‘between’): අර atara R29, atare R29 There is a lot of money among these men: mee mahatturu atare huňgak salli tiyenavaa. FGdS280 from among (syn ‘through’, ‘in between’, ‘from the midst’): අ엊 atarin GK6 Amorphophallus campanulatus Bl., A. paeonhifolius Dennst. (‘Elephant-foot yam’, ‘Carrion flower’, ‘Devils tounge’): කඩර kiDaaraŋ. <1> amount (n): ණන ganana, gaana R12, PL ganan Your bill is hundred and ten: mahattayaage ganana rupiyal ekasiya dahayayi.AM. NeLC8 Anacardium occidentale, cashewnut tree (Bot., TRF NWFP): 觔 kaju (gum, resins and oleoresins); 觊觔 kajju (Ru DIAL) <1> anaemia (n, colloq, Med, symptoms of a. or malnutrition): ම엊දම mandama Anamirta cocculus L (Bot, medicinal pl): 뗒ත ලල titta væl <1>, Ananda College, Kotte (n): තොගෙ鷊තොගෙට ආන엊ද ǒදලය [KooTTe aanandə vidyaaləyə] <1>, <2>, ancestors (n, pl): 뗔엊 තතොගෙ mutun mittoo K369, ancestral home: maha gedara; family home, the home of one’s parents or grandparents. ancient (adj.): 퇔රණ puraana S514, 퇔රන puraatana, පරණ pærani old Sinhalese village: puraanaa; that old temple: අර 퇔රන ප엊ස්සු. ල ‘What is denoted by Anuradhapura is an ancient kingdom’: අනරධ퇔තොගෙ කය엊තොගෙ엊 පරණ / 퇔රණ රජධ엒ය槊. NeLC12 and: -yi R9, ස්සු හsaha; හ** haa**; -t + -t DG75 Nimal and I: nimaluyi mamayi S514 (My) wife and children are staying at home: noonaayi daruvoyi gama navatinavaa. FGdS87 A boy and a man go home: lamayekut minihekut gedara yanavaa. DG75 ‘ande’: a traditional Kandyan system of leasing out paddy fields for cultivation, the fee being a share of the harvest MM -anDi (suffix): added to certain kinship nouns to signify a degree of respect, e.g. taattanDi, ammanDi K2:28 Andrographis paniculata (Nees) (Bot., medicinal): ᇓ엊 � තොගෙතොගෙහඹ hiil biŋ kohom ba (lit. ‘small neem of the ground’); ᇓ엊 තොගෙතොගෙහඹ hiin kohom ba (lit ‘small neem’) <1>, <2>, ‘aney!’: අතොගෙ엊 anee; please! (expression of dismay or sympathy, typical of female speakers <1> angel (n, syn ‘nymph’): අ퇊ස්සු රව apsaraava You are very pretty, like an angel: ඔය හ ලස්සු ස්සු නය අ퇊ස්සු රව槊 වතොගෙග; Stop it, I know you are lying! (lit ‘Please go away!): අතොගෙන ය엊ඩ! JBD4:11 anger, angry: රහ taraha R23, තොගෙ槊엊뗒ය keenti JBD4:8 be angry: taraha venavaa R23 ‘That made me.ACC see red’: ඒ මව තොගෙහඳටම රහ ස්සු .සව <1>, angry (adj.): රහ taraha S514 angrily (adv): tarahen S514 get angry (v, s.DAT): taraha yanavaa, taraha gannavaa English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 16 Don’t get angry: taraha venna epaa; taraha ganna epaa. G41 Father.DAT got angry (Lit ‘It got to him’): taattaaTa taraha giyaa. The master.DAT really got angry at that.DAT: mahattayaaTa eekaTa hariyaTa taraha aavaa. G41 If someone calls.FUT.COND me on the phone in the middle of the night, I get angry: kauru hari maha rææ maTa Telapoon kalot nam, maTa taraha yanavaa. <1> I lose my temper (lit. ‘anger comes/goes to me’): මට තොගෙ槊엊뗒 එනව/යනව JBD4:8 ‘anicut’: අණ amuna, PL අ귔 amunu; an irrigation channel created by damming a river (Anglo- Indian, from Tamil ‘annaikattu’); weir, usually used for irrigation <1>, <2>; cf. ‘dam of paddy field’ animal (n): ස්සු sataa, PL sattu R30 / ස්සු 뗔 satuŋ CS, S514 (syn. ‘insect’); ස්සු තවය** satvayaa (syn ‘creature’), PL ස්සු තවතොගෙය** wild animal: වන ස්සු vana sataa, PL වන ස්සු ත뗔 CS What animal is that? අර තොගෙමන ස්සු ද? CS Anisomeles indica (Linn) (Bot., med. herb): ය槊 වනස්සු ස්සු yak vanassa <1>, Anisophyllea cinnamomoides (Bot., canopy TRF tree): velipiyanna ankle (n): වලර valalukara, PL valalukaraval Annona muricata L. (Bot., small tree, medicinal): 鷔 අතොගෙනද kaTu anoodaa <1>, <2> Annona reticulata L. (Bot., small medicinal tree): ව අතොගෙනද væli anoodaa <1> Annona squamosa L. (Bot., small tree, medicinal): ී엒 අතොගෙනද siini anoodaa <1>, <2> announce (v), cf. kiyanavaa It was announced over the radio that it will rain tomorrow: heTa vahinavaa kiyalaa radio ekee kivvaa SP1:150 annoy (v, syn ‘bother’): NPT-IND රදර රනව karadara karanavaa [karǝdǝrǝ k.], PT k. kalaa, PP k. karalaa, INF=IMP k. karanna annual (adj): ව৒ vaarşika K369 annually (adv): ව৒ව vaarşikava, අǔ뷔 ප avurudu pataa K369 Anogeissus latifolia (Bot., TRF NWFP): dawu (gum, resins and oleoresins) another (adj.): tava (+noun -k), vena S496 Give (me) another one: vena ekak denna S496 answer (n.): උතර uttaree R30, uttaraya S514, PL uttara, 퇒ᗒ뗔ර pilitura Their answers are good: ඒ අයතොගෙ උතර තොගෙහඳය. <1> Give me a true answer: ස්සු තය 퇒뗔ර槊 තොගෙද엊න. CS answer (vt): NPT-IND උතර තොගෙදනව uttara denavaa, PT u. dunnaa, PP u. dilaa, IMP u. denna S124 answer (reply) to a letter: uttara liyanavaa ant (n, Zool.): 槖ය kuum biyaa, PL kuum bi; හ엊න hinnaa (Southern DIAL) JBD4:137 black ant (small): ᗔ 槖ය; black ant (large): ꗒය kaDiyaa, PL kaDi; red ant (large, syn. ‘wood ant’): 뷒ය dimiyaa, PL 뷒යතොගෙය dimiyoo; red ant (small): nayi kuum biyaa; white ant (termite): veeyaa, PL veeyoo K369 red ant (Zool Anoplolepis gracilipes): ඇඹලය æm balayaa <1>; type of ant which are drawn to sweet stuff; (slang) refers also to a male who is drawn to females a lot; greedy person ‘anteater’ (n, Zoo, actually the ‘Indian pangolin’, Manis crassicaudata): බලලව kæbællæævaa, PL kæbællæævoo <1>, <2>, anthropology: maanava vidyaava Anuradhapura (n): anxiety (n): බය baya; opposite ‘brave’: බය න뗒 baya næti CS any (adj.): ඕනම oonæma R20, R28; කස kisi (syn. ‘some’), කසම kisima (EMP), cf. ‘safety’ any dog: onæma ballek any (pron.) කස kisi R28 anyone: kauruvat; oonææma kenek to anyone: kaaTavat.DAT. Don’t tell anyone: kaaTavat kiyanna epaa. S211 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 17 anyone: kaavavat.ANIM.ACC. Don’t look at anyone: kaavavat balanna epaa. S211 from anyone: kaagenvat.ABL. Don’t ask from anyone: kaagenvat ahanna epaa. S211 anyone’s: kaageevat.GEN: Don’t take anyone’s things: kaageevat eevaa ganna epaa. S211 with anyone: kaa ekkavat. Don’t dance with anyone: kaa ekkavat naTanna epaa. S211 anything (pron, syn. ‘something’): තොගෙම槔ත mokut R30, K53; oona deyak FGdS274 Now I can’t read anything: dæŋ maTa mokut kiyavanna bææ K53 (I) don't want anything: තොගෙම槔ත එප. CS I don’t want anything else: මට තොගෙවන තොගෙම槔ත එප. maTa vena mokut epaa. FGdS29 With the master gone, I couldn’t do a thing: මහතය 燒හලල මට තොගෙම槔ත ර엊තොගෙන බ උන. JWG2:153 anyway: එ තොගෙනතොගෙමය eka nemeyi (syn. ‘by the way’) anywhere (adv): තොගෙතොගෙහවත koheevat S212, තොගෙතොගෙහවත kohevat <1> to anywhere: koheeTavat.DAT. Don’t go to anywhere: koheeTavat yanna epaa. S212 from anywhere: kohenvat.ABL. Don’t bring from anywhere: kohenvat geenna epaa. S212 apart from that (syn ‘besides’): ඇරත ærat K172 Apium graveolens L. (Bot., Eng. wild celery): ස්සු ල뷒 sældiri <1> Aponogeton crispus (Bot., submerged plant): තොගෙ鷒ය kekaTiya <1> ‘apoyi, apoyi!’: ‘My gosh’ NeLC apparently (suffix, syn ‘it seems’): - -lu appeal (v): NPT-IND අලලනව allanavaa R19, R20a4, R31b1 (syn. ‘catch’, ‘touch’), PT ælluvaa S522 (අලලNJව allavvaa, Ka DIAL JBD4:139), PP allalla, IMP allanna, NPT-REL allana, PP-REL allapu (i.e. ‘next’) S346, GER අලම alliima That man’s work doesn’t appeal to me: ඒ 엒හතොගෙග වඩ මට අලල엊තොගෙන න. JWG2:61 appear (v, passive, i.e. ‘see passively’, ‘be seen’, s.DAT o.NOM): තොගෙපතොගෙනනව penenavaa R15, NPT- IND peenavaa R13, PT penunaa, PP , IMP (v., INV, cf. ‘show’ (v. volitive): pennanavaa R18), cf. ‘see’ I see / I can see: maTa peenavaa. I can see the difference between the two: maTa ee deka atare venasa peenavaa. FGdS281 We.DAT saw the fog (Lit ‘The fog was visible to us’): apaTa miiduma penunaa. <1> appearence: තොගෙපනම penuma appetite (n): බඩ燒엊න baDaginna apple (n.): ඇපලතොගෙꗒය æpal geDiya, PL æpal S515 application (n): ඉලම පත්‍රය illuŋpatraya, PL iluŋpatra appreciation, expressing: shah, shook DC58 appoint (vt): NPT-IND පත රනව, be appointed (v, syn ‘get in’): NPT-IND පත තොගෙවනව, appointment (n): පතǓම; appointment of the chief justice: අǒ엒ස පතǓම have an appointment: væDak tiyenavaa MAs approach, to (v., intr.): ළ තොගෙවනව laŋ venavaa, ක鷊鷔 තොගෙවනව kiTTu venavaa S515 approximately (adv.): vitara R26; (Mat.) ආස්සු 엊න වශතොගෙය엊 aasanna vashayen S515 April: අතොගෙප්‍රල මස්සුය apriyel, apreel R2 1 April, lie-telling day / fools’ day: boru kiyana davasa JS263 Archaeology (n): 퇔ර ǒදව puraa vidyaava area: හය* hariya, PL hariyaval R29, FGdS291; පළ palaata, GEN palaate, PLpalaat; ප්‍රතොගෙ뷊ශය pradeeshaya [prədeeshəyə] S515; ලපය kalaapaya (syn. ‘region’, ‘zone’, ‘belt’, cf. ‘tropical’) S244; One day I too must go and see that area: mamat davasak oya hariya balanna yanna oona. FGsD291 catchment area (drainage basin, watershed): තොගෙපෂ ප්‍රතොගෙ뷊ශය <1> Nuwara Eliya is a hilly area: nuvaraeliya kaňdukara palaatak. NeLC12 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 18 arecanut palm (betel palm, betal-nut palm): erikanaT, 퇔ව槊 puvak, Areca catechu L. <1>, <2> Aristolochia bracteolata (Bot., medicinal herb): ස්සු 퇊ස්සු ඳsapsaňda <1> Ariyapala (n, surname): ආයපල aariyapaala Ariyaratne (n, surname): ආයරතන aariyaratna arm: අ ata (i.e. ‘hand’) R12, බහව baahuva, PL baahu armchair: හ엊ස 퇔鷔ව haansi puTuva, PL haansi puTu; rattan armchair with folding leg-rests <1>, armpit (n, syn. ‘underarm’): කහලල kihilla, PL kihili army (n): හදව hamudaa; air force: 燔ව엊 හදව guvan hamudaava; navy: නǒ හදව naavika hamudaava around (adv.): වතොගෙ鷊 vaTee R25, vaTeeTa S516 arrack (Sinhalese toddy): æræk, අර槊槔 arakku R15; the juice of the flower of the coconut palm fermented and distilled arrange (v=prepare): ලස්සු 뗒රනව lææstikaranavaa K216, arrive (vi, ir., syn ‘reach’): NPT-IND ළඟ තොගෙවනව langaa venavaa, PT l. unaa, PP l. velaa, IMP l. venna S125 When will the bus arrive in Matara? kiiya vevida? [veidə] bas eka MataraTa langaa venakoTa? It may be five o’clock, but it’s difficult to say for sure: paha vitara veevi eett hariyaTa kiyanna amaaruyi.AM. SG arrogance (n): අහරය ahaŋkaaraya**, අහරම ahaŋkaarakama art (n): ලව kalaava fine arts: ල ල arthropod (n, Zoo, syn ‘leddyr’, i.e. insekter, edderkoppdyr og krepsdyr): ස්සු 엊쇒පදය sandhipaadakayaa, ස්සු 엊쇒ප뷒ය sandhipaadikayaa <1>, article (n, syn. ‘luggage’, ‘goods’): බꗔව baDuva, PL බꗔ baDu Artocarpus altilis (Bot.): del Artocarpus mariannensis (Bot.): valdel Artocarpus heterophyllus (Bot., jack-fruit): kos Artocarpus indica (Bot.): වර varakaa; variety of ripe sweet, less soft, jackfruit <1>, cf ‘jackfruit’ Artocarpus nobilis (Bot.): බ췒තොගෙදල bæňdidel Arundina gramimifolia (bamboo orchid): as (adv./con.): as you say: ඔය කයනව වතොගෙග oyaa kiyanavaa vaagee S516 as I was coming: මම එනතොගෙට mama enakoTa S516 as your teacher: ඔයතොගෙග 燔වරය ǒ쇒යට oyaagee guruvarayaa vidhiyaTa S516 as (adv, syn ’in proportion to’): hæTiyaTa ’The salary is paid in proportion to the work you do’: væDa karana hæTiyaTa paDi gevanavaa. DC203 He works as an executive (officer): එය ǒධය 엒ළධතොගෙය槊 හ鷒යට වඩ රනව. <1> as..ADJ..as : vitara, cf. ’much’ Sinhalese isn’t as hard as English: siŋhala iŋgriisi vitara amaaru nææ. FGdS295 as well as...: -ත; add -t/-ut to each of the things compared; cf. ’not only...but’ I go to the shop as well as work: mama kaDeeTat yanavaa, væDat karanavaa. (They) build (them) of brick.INST as well as of black granite.INST: goDalenut baňdinavaa, kalugalenut baňdinavaa. FGdS2:25 The gentleman can write as well as read: mahattayaaTa liyannat puluvani, kiyavannat puluvani. FGdS2:25 ascend (v): NPT-IND න燒නව (uDa) ň, PT næggaa, PP , IMP Asclepias curassavica (Bot., subshrub, Eng. ‘milkweed’): 엊槔ඹල kankumbala <1> ash: අᗔ alu <1>, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 19 ash plantain: alu kehel MM6 ashamed (adj): ල觊ජ** lajjaa, læjjaa* (syn. ’shy’, ’restraint’, i.e. a holding back from the gaze of others, keeping intense encounters at arm’s length’ JS171), cf. ’shame’ It’s a shame to the whole.EMPH village.DAT: mulu gamaTa ma læjjayi.AM <1> Asia: ආසයව aasiyaava Asian (adj.): aasiyaanu, aasiyaatika S516 in Asia: aasiyaave Asian Koel (Common Koel, Eudynamys scolopaceus L): තොගෙහ kohaa; member of the cuckoo order of birds, the Cuculiformes; regarded as a heralding of the traditional new year; ‘Indian plaintive cuckoo C. <1>, <2>, ‘Asian nod’: rolling one’s head slightly (a curling movement), communicating a tactful ‘yes’ and ‘no’; hinting simultaneously at a ‘yes’, a ‘no’ and even a ‘may-be’; nothing is said directly, and that is the Sri Lankan language of subtleties. aside: ahaka R28, ahaTTa R4, R28 ask (vi, VOL., o.ABL): NPT-IND ahanavaa [ahənəva?], PT æhuvaa R21, PP ahalaa, IMP ahanna S277, අහ퇒 asked unexpectedly Ask my father: taattaagen.ABL ahanna. FGdS185 I asked a man (a question): maŋ minihekugen.ABL æhuvaa R10:77 I asked Jinadasa where did he go: 角නදස්සු තොගෙ엊 ම ඇහව තොගෙතොගෙහ ද ය엊තොගෙන කයල. <1> Ask her what is her email address: eyaagen.ABL ahanna eyaage iimel lipinaya mokakda kiyalaa. <1> He asked, “What's the matter?”: “තොගෙම槊ද රතොගෙ/ප්‍රශතොගෙන?” එය ඇහව <1> I asked about this: තොගෙම න ඇහතොගෙව (emphatic). <1> cf. ‘hear’ (v., INV.): æhenavaa, PT. æhunaa I asked him, ‘Respected Sir, where did you get this rambutang?’ මම ඇහව 'තොගෙතොගෙහ엊ද ඔය රට엊 තොගෙනතොගෙNJ?' කයල කNJව. ask for (vt): NPT-IND ඉලලනව illanavaa, PT illuvaa R19, PP illalaa, IMP illanna! SP3:45, S353 asleep (adj): ninda, 엒뷒 nidi, budi R28 as long as: kal R21; 槊 뷔රට taak duraTa; v-stem + turu DG65 As long as (lit. ‘till long’) you have money, life is easy: ස්සු ල 뗒තොගෙයන 槊 뷔රට 觓ǒතොගෙත තොගෙලසය. MAs64 As long as the world lasts, the earth goes round the sun: lookaya pavatinaa turu polova ira vaTee yanavaa. DG65 aspirated (adj): මහ ප්‍රණ mahapraana R11s assemble (vt): NPT-IND ස්සු නව ræs karanavaa S370, cf. ‘collect’ be assembled (vi): NPT-IND ස්සු තොගෙවනව ræs venavaa <1>, assign (vt): NPT-IND පවරනව pavaranavaa, PT pævaruvaa, PP pavaralaa, IMP SP3:5 verbal adjective+ANI n: NPT-IND pavarana.VA minihaa, PT pavarapu.VA minihaa SP3:5 association: ස්සු ය samitiya, ස්සු මය saŋgamaya Are you going to the association meeting? oyaa samitiye ræsvimaTa yanavaa-da? Asparagus racemosus or falcatus L. (Bot., medicinal plant): හවය haatavaariya,‘hata-wariya’. <1> Asteracantha longifolia L. (Bot., medicinal, SYN Hydrophila spinosa): 엓රලය niiramulliya <1>, <2>, asthma (n): ඇ뷔ම æduma, ඇ뷔ම තොගෙරය <1>, <2>, He.DAT has asthma. එයට ඇ뷔ම 뗒යනව. <1> asweddumize (v): NPT-IND අස්සු ව뷊뷔ම රනව asvædduŋ karanavaa JS262, i.e. clearing and terracing of land for paddy cultivation <1>; land brought into cultivation: අස්සු ව뷊뷔ම at (prep.): English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 20 at school: iskoolee S516 at home: gedara at eight: aTaTa -at: although R29 ate (PT of eat): ව kævaa atmosphere (n): වවරණය vaataavaranaya (syn. ‘environment’) CS attain Nirvana (v, Budd): 엒ව엊 දකනව nivan dakinavaa (lit ‘see Nirvana’) May mother attain (lit ‘see’) Nirvana! 엒ව엊 දක엊 අමම.** JBD4:67 attractive (adj): ලස්සු ස්සුන lassana; ස්සු ඳරsuňdara, ස엊දර sundara CS, unattractive (adj): අවලස්සු ස්සුන avalassana (syn ‘ugly’) aubergine, eggplant, brinjal (Bot., Solanum melongena): බ鷔 baTu MM23, වමබ鷔 vambaTu <1>, <2>, <3>,; ‘Ata wambotu, nava hungan dunnaa vaagei’, i.e., "eight brinjals, but nine taxes to pay". Thai eggplant: elabaTu <1>, <2>, August: අතොගෙස්සු 뗔 agoostu R22 aunt (n.): ænTi R21, PL ænTilaa; න엊ද nændaa R26, PL nændalaa; න엊뷒 nændi (urban Western JBD4:134); mother’s younger sister: 槔ඩමම kuDammaa (Ka DIAL JBD4:138), puŋci-ammaa R3, DC64 mother’s elder sister: loku ammaa R21, mahammaa DC64 father’s younger sister: punci nændaa DC64 father’s elder sister: loku nændaa DC64 භාෂාවල් දැනගන් shubha MADה ,auspicious (adj): සබ suba an auspicious moment: සබ තොගෙමතොගෙහ槊 <1>, e.g. the case of an inaugural shop-opening, or a wedding ceremony auspicious time (n): න nækata, e.g. automatically: ibeeTama, ibeema R13 autumn (n): ස්සු රත තොගෙල sarat kaalee average (n, adj): ස්සු නයමන‍ (n), ස්සු නමන‍ (adj) saamaanya We have to find the average of these prices.GEN: අ퇒 තොගෙම ළ න엊වල ස්සු නයමන‍ තොගෙහය엊න ඕන. <1> Averrhoa carambola (Bot, Eng ‘Carambola’, ‘Starfruit’, Norw ‘stjernefrukt’): මර kaamaraŋgaa <1>, avocado (n): ඇවතොගෙඩ ævakaaDo; අට තොගෙ퇊ර MAD, ali peera MAs344; syn. ‘butterfruit’ <1>, ‘Avurudu’: අǔ뷊ද avurudda; සහල හ엊뷔 අත අǔ뷊ද Sinhala and Tamil New Year <1> ‘avurudu pola’: [aurudu polə]; New Year sale of clothes, gifts, etc. MM16 A happy new year to everybody! හම තොගෙදනටම සබ අᗔත අǔ뷊ද槊! <1> A happy Sinhala and Tamil New Year: සභාෂාවල් දැනගන් සභාෂාවල් දැනගන්ල ස්සු හ තොගෙදමළ අත අǔ뷊ද槊 තොගෙNJව! award (n, syn. ‘credit’, ‘honour’): ස්සු මමනය sammaanaya, PL sammaana awareness (n, syn ‘enlightenment, ‘understanding’, ‘knowledge’, ‘political conviction’): අවතොගෙබධය avaboodhaya awareness (n, syn. ‘consciousness’): ǒඤඤනය viññaanaya CS Azolla pinnata (Bot., ‘Mosquito Fern’, ‘Duckweed fern’, ‘Water fern’, ‘Fairy moss’): පස්සු තොගෙපඳ pas- penda, ර තොගෙපඳ kærali penda. <1> ‘ayyoo’! අයෝ exclamatio exclamation, expression of dismay, typical of female speakers <1> ‘ayubovan’ [aayuboovan, aayi boo]: ආතොගෙබව엊 Lit: “May you live long”. Traditional or strictly formal greeting; in addressing ආතොගෙබව엊ඩ is frequently used. NeLC11 Azadirachta indica (Bot., TRF NWFP): තොගෙතොගෙහඹ kohom ba, kohomba (Eng. Neem); mahogny spp.; <1>, <2>, <3> , <4>, <5>, ‘Ayurveda’: ආතොගෙNJ뷔ය [aayurveedə]; traditional herbal medicine English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 21 axe (n): තොගෙපතොගෙරව porova, PL තොගෙපතොගෙර poroo MAD; porava MB76, K370, PL poroo The bald-headed man cuts down trees with an axe: taaTTaa minihaa poraven.INST gas kapanavaa SP2:13; taaTTaa minihaa gas තොගෙපතොගෙරතොගෙව엊 පනව

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B � බ බ බ බ � � � � බ බ තොගෙබ තොගෙ� බබ තොගෙබ තොගෙබ තොගෙබ b ba bā bæ bæ bi bī bu bū bṛ bṝ be bē bai bo bō bau

භ භාෂාවල් දැනගන් භාෂාවල් දැනගන් භාෂාවල් දැනගන් භාෂාවල් දැනගන් භ භ භ භ භාෂාවල් දැනගන් භාෂාවල් දැනගන් තොගෙභාෂාවල් දැනගන් තොගෙභ බභාෂාවල් දැනගන් තොගෙභාෂාවල් දැනගන් තොගෙභාෂාවල් දැනගන් තොගෙභාෂාවල් දැනගන් භ bh bha bhā bhæ bhæ bhi bhī bhu bhū bhṛ bhṝ bhe bhē bhai bho bhō bhau

baby (n): බබ babaa R24, PL babaalaa (syn. ‘children’); ukkun (CDS); අ දව (lit. ‘baby in arms’) GK24 Where is my baby? mayi ukkun koo (CDS) 퇒엊නවල අත අ බබ <1> back (n): පස්සු ස්සු passa R29B5; 퇒ට piTa (syn. ‘back of the body’), PL piTaval <1> ‘a basket on the back’: 퇒තොගෙ鷊 පහ槊 <1> back again (adv.): aapahu R30; ආපස aapasu we’ll come back.NPT.EMP around twelve o’clock: api aapasu enne daval dolahaaTa vitara SG; cf. ‘return’ backwards (adv): පස්සු ස්සුට passaTa R29 bad: නර naraka R10; න naaka (4H DIAL JBD4:140) be rotten: narak venavaa DC146 the egg is spoiled: bittaree narak velaa DC146 bag (n.): bag eka; මලල malla, PL ම malu (woven, red bag) baggage (n.): bægeej; gaman baDu S517 bake (v., tr.): NPT-IND 퇔ᗔස්සු ස්සු නව pulussanavaa CS (syn. ’burn’),, PT. 퇒ᗒස්සු සවpilissuvaa, PP. pulussalaa SP3:6, IMP pulussanna S394, bake (vi): NPT-IND pilissenavaa SP3:6; bakery (n): තොගෙ�ය beekariya MAD , තොගෙ� beekari <1>, ප엊 퇔ᗔස්සු ස්සුන න (Lit ’bread baking.NPT-REL place’) MAD, Balachandra (n, surname): බලච엊ද්‍ර baalacandra Balasooriya / Balasuriya (n, surname): බලතොගෙස්සු ය baalasooriya bald (adj.): taTTe ball (n.): තොගෙබලය boolaya (orig. Eng.); play with a ball: තොගෙබල හනව CS bamboo: උණ una R24, උණ හ <1> Bambusa vulgaris (Bot., ‘Bamboo’): උන una, උනබම� unabambu; bananas (n.): තොගෙතොගෙහල kehel R20, තොගෙතොගෙස්සු ලkesel, PL kesel geDi banana foliage / flower: තොගෙතොගෙහලමල kehelmala (also ‘nonsense’) <1> ‘what nuisance’ / ‘what nonsense’ (colloq): තොගෙමන තොගෙතොගෙහලමල槊ද!* mona kehelmalakda! He knows absolutely nothing: (Lit ‘He doesn't know even the banana flower’): එය ද엊න තොගෙතොගෙහල මල槊 න. <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 22 Banda (very common Ka M first name): බඩ banDaa Bandaranaike / Bandaranayake (n, surname): බඩරනය banDaaranaayaka Bangladesh (n): බලතොගෙ뷊ශය baŋgalaadeeshaya, බගල තොගෙ뷊ශය baŋglaa deeshaya banian (an undershirt): බ엒යම bæniyama <1>, Banyan (n, Bot.), cf. ‘Ficus bengalensis’ bank of river (n): ඉǔර ivura, PL ivuru bank (n.): බ槔ව bæŋkuva, GEN bæŋkuvee/IND.GEN bæŋkuvaka, PL bæŋku Central Bank of Ceylon: ශශ‍ ල මහ බ槔ව sri lankaava maha bænkuva <1>, a bank.GEN security guard: බ槔ව රරතොගෙය槊 bank account: බ槔 燒귔ම bæŋku ginuma, PL b. ginum K369 <1> open an account: ginumak arinavaa K369 close the account: ginuma vahanavaa K369 banknote (n): දල තොගෙන鷊鷔ව mudal nooTTuva (syn. ‘note’, ‘paper money’), PL තොගෙන鷊鷔 <1>, <2>, bankrupt (adj): බතොගෙතොගෙලත baŋkolot CS barber (n): බබ (උ엊නහ) <1> barber saloon (n): බබ ස්සු 퇊퇔ව baabar saappuva, PL b. saappu <1> Barleria prionitis L. (Bot., medicinal): හ 鷔 රඬ kaha kaTu karaňDu <1> ‘bareland act’ (n): ꗔ �ම පන muDu bima panata (act saying: if you do not cultivate that land, I take it) CS barely (adv): ය엊ම jantam FGdS257 bark of tree (n): තොගෙපත potta, PL තොගෙප뗔 pottu <1>, bark (vi): NPT-IND �රනව buranavaa, PT biruvaa, PP buralaa, IMP buranna, GER biriima (‘barking’) S The dog barked: baallaa biruvaa. The dog is not fierce. He’s just barking for fun: ඌ න퇔 න. තොගෙස්සු ලලමට �ර엊තොගෙන. barley: cf. ‘Hordeum vulgare’ Basella alba (L.) Stewart (Bot., med. herb, Eng. ‘spinach’): 엒ǒ뗒 niviti <1> basic (adj):  (syn ‘primary’) basin (n): තොගෙ�ස්සු ම beesama, PL තොගෙ�ස්සු ම CS, basket: තොගෙප鷊鷒ය peTTiya (large, deep b., syn. ‘box’, ‘case’, ‘coffin’) and ævilla (medium size b.), baskets made of pan kola (rush, bulrush ) and væTakee kola (leaves of screw pine, Pandanus odoratissimus); ව鷊鷒ය vaTTiya (large, shallow b., e.g. පළ뗔 ව鷊鷒ය <1>) made of pan kola and pol kola; taTTuva (shallow, square b.) made of galæhi (Cyperus corymbosus) and hævan (Cyperus dehiscens); vaTa peTTiya; hæbiliya; malla; pædura; taTTu rææna; kulla (winnowing basket <1>, <2>); vap peTTiya (i.e. ‘sowing basket’); kuruniya; næliya; kuDDa; pæha; kuuruaDiya; uduhalla <1>; 槖ඩය kuiDaya S518 Basnayake (n, surname): බස්සු නය basnaayaka Bassia longifolia (Bot., tree sp., Sapotaceaea): mii-gasa; wild sapota tree, providing timber and medicinal mii-tel bat (n.): වǔල vavulaa [vaula], PL vavuloo / වǔල vavullu S518 <1> bath (n.): නම nææma S518, e.g. 뷒ය නම <1> bathe (v., intr.): NPT-IND නනව naanavaa, PT næævaa R11, PP naalaa, IMP naanna SP3:8 ‘naana yanavada?’ : are (you) going for a bath? Common greeting even from a parrot raised in a rural house near a well or river… <1> ‘the man who is bathing’ (VA +anim.n.): naana.NPT-REL minihaa ‘the man who was bathing’: nææva.PT-REL minihaa Go and take a bath / Go take a bath: 燒හ엊 න엊න (lit. ‘having gone, bath yourself’) <1>, I had a shower/took a shower (reflexive v): mama naa gattaa. DC138 bathe (v., intr.): næævenavaa SP3:8 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 23 bathroom (n): b. eka; නන මරය naana kaamaree S518 battery (n): බටය bæTariya The battery has not been charged: bæTariya charge velaa nææ. <1> unnaa R5, R7A19, R22, Batticaloa (n): මඩල퇔ව maDakalapuva R9 <1>, iňdinavaa (animate) R14 PT BCG (n): B C G ව槊සනය be (vi, ir., anim., colloq, syn. ‘stay’, ‘remain’, ‘live’; alternatively ‘have’s.DAT): NPT-IND ඉ엊නව innavaa, PT hiTiyaa/ උ엊න** unnaa??? / උ엊න** unnu (ANIM) <1>, , PP iňdalaa*/iňda**, IMP inna, GER ඉ췓ම iňdiima (i.e. staying) S129, FUT.XXX iňdiivi FGdS165 I live in Kandy (Lit ‘It is Kandy that is my hometown’): mama inne.NPT.EMP Nuvara will be: iňdii R14 I had an elder brother: maTa ayiyaa kenek hiTiyaa. S168 having been: iňda R15 having been, from: iňdaŋ, iňdalaa R15 the child was in the shop: ළමය තොගෙ.GEN/LOC උ엊න K159 be there! etana inna! S518 NEG: ‘be not’/’is not’/’are not’ (quasi-v): nææ; mahattayaa gedara nææ. NEG: ‘was not’/’were not’: tiyune nææ; mahattayaa gedara unne nææ. FGdS265 Pretty girls don’t remain in the office for long: 엊තොගෙතොගෙව ලස්සු ස්සුන තොගෙලතොගෙල ඉ엊තොගෙන න; Dogs don’t stay in our houses for long: අතොගෙ퇊 තොගෙදර බලතොගෙල ඉ엊තොගෙන න. JBD4:73 be (vi, ir., anim., formal / Lit, syn. ‘stay’, ‘have’, s.DAT): NPT-IND ස鷒නව** siTinavaa, PT siTiyaa, PP siTa, IMP siTinna, GER siTiima S167, S134 I have a sister (formal speech): maTa sahoodariyak siTi** I have brothers (formal): maTa sahoodarayoo siTinavaa** We don’t have sisters (formal): apaTa sahoodariyoo næta / nosiTiti** S167 be (vi, ir., anim., colloq., syn. ස鷒නව siTinavaa**): NPT-IND හ鷒නව hiTinavaa* R5, PT hiTiyaa, PP hiTalaa R15, IMP hiTinna! S134; must be: hiTii R22A24 Now (the clock) is close to four: dæn hataraTa kiTTuyi.AM / hiTii R22A24 be (vi, ir., inanim., colloq, syn. ‘have’): NPT-IND 뗒තොගෙයනව tiyenavaa/tiyanavaa*, tibee** PT tibunaa S135 (tibbaa, Ka DIAL JBD4:139)/tiyunna R5, PP tibilaa, IMP - - -, GER 뗒�ම tibiima (n, i.e. being, existence, presence) S135, FUT.XXX tiyeevi I had a pen: maTa pæænak tibunaa* Fruit is.NPT.EMP (usually/permanently) in the next shop: palaturu tiyenne allapu kaDee (අලල퇔 තොගෙ) Fruit is (at the moment) in the next shop: palaturu allapu kaDee. FGdS92 NEG: ‘be not’/’is not’/’are not’: nææ NEG: ‘was not’/’were not’: tiyune nææ. FGdS265 Money does not stay with me: ම ලඟ ස්සු ල 뗒තොගෙය엊තොගෙන න. Ice-cream doesn’t last long in the fridge: ෆ්‍රිජ්ෆ්‍රිජ් එකේඅයිස්ක්‍රීම්තියෙන්නෙනෑ.JBD4:73,PPİ
Mhttp://www.uni-muenster.de/Ling/dow‍ එකේඅයිස්ක්‍රීම්තියෙන්නෙනෑ.JBD4:73,PPİ
Mhttp://www.uni-muenster.de/Ling/dow觊 එතොගෙ槊 අයස්සුකම ක‍ 뗒තොගෙය엊තොගෙන න. JBD4:73 be (vi, ir., inanim., literary, formal spoken, radio/TV discussions, syn. ‘have’): NPT-IND 뗒තොගෙබනව tibenavaa**, PT tibunaa* / tibbaa**, PP tibilaa**, IMP tibenna** S296, R5, R15; We had books: apaTa pot tibuni**. S167 beach (n): තොගෙවරළ verala; වලල vælla; cf. ‘sea’ seashore (marine beach): හ뷔 තොගෙවරළ NeLC12 Father saw us playing on the beach, instead of going for Sunday school: api daham paasæl yanne nætuva vælle.LOC sellam karanavaa taattaa dækkaa. SP1:44 The whole family.EMP had fun on the (sea) beach.LOC: ᗔ පǔලම 뷔 තොගෙවරතොගෙළ ǒතොගෙනද උන. <1> beam (n, Arch): යටය yaTaliiya, PL yaTalii <1>, <2>, beans (n): තොගෙබච booŋci (orig. Port. ‘bonje’) S518, e.g. තොගෙස්සු ය තොගෙබච <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 24 bear (n): M වලහ valahaa, F වලහ엊න vælahinna K2:25; e.g. 뷔 වලහ <1> bear fruits for the first time (vi, syn. ‘blossom’): NPT-IND 퇖뷒නව puudinavaa, PT piidunaa, PP piidilaa, IMP puudinna, NPT-REL puudina, PT-REL piidicca, GER piidiima S300 bear fruits or flowers for the first time (vi, syn. ‘blossom’): NPT-IND 퇓තොගෙදනව piidenavaa beard (n): ǔල rævula [ræulə], PL rævul S518 <1> ‘person who has a beard’ (n): ræulaa DC84 beat (v, tr, syn ‘hit’, o.DAT): (1) NPT-IND ළනව talanavaa R27(A30), R31B36, PT tæluvaa, PP talalaa, IMP talanna SP3:9; (2) NPT-IND හනව gahanavaa (e.g. beat the drum) R15, R19A2, R20A16, PT gæhuvaa, PP gahalaa, IMP gahanna S277, The toddy tapping man beats the flowers: ම뷒න 엒හ මල ළනව. JWG2:62 Sirisena really beat Gunapala.DAT: siriseena gunapaalaTa hariyaTa gæhuvaa cause to beat (v, tr, syn. ‘cause to hit or jerk’): (1) NPT-IND gassanavaa DC97, R18, PT gæssuvaa, PP gæssalaa, IMP gassanna S346; (2) NPT-IND gassavanavaa, PT The ants will fall if you shake the clothes-line a bit: redivæla Tikak gassanavaa / gassavanavaa naŋ kuumbi væTei.INFER DC97 get beaten (v, intr, passive, syn ‘be bruised’): NPT-IND තොගෙලනව tælenavaa SP3:9, PT tælunaa, PP tælilaa, IMP tælenna S286 beat (v, intr; e.g. of heart): NPT-IND gæhenavaa, PT gæhunaa, PP , IMP , beauty (n.), beautiful (adj.): ලස්සු ස්සු නlassana R17; ලස්සු ස්සු නය(it is) beautiful; ස엊දර sundara (adj, syn. ‘attractive’, ‘graceful’, ‘pleasant’) S244 That girl looks beautiful (Lit ‘That girl’s figure is beautiful’): ඒ 귔 ළමයතොගෙ තොගෙපනම ලස්සු ස්සු නය. <1> because (of) (adv./con.): 엒ස්සු (-)nisaa R21, hindaa R21; v.NPT.VADJ/PT.VADJ/PP.VADJ + nisaa/hindaa; also cf ‘therefore’; තොගෙභාෂාවල් දැනගන්ය엊** I played all along because my elder brother is studying.PRES.VADJ: අයය පඩම රන 엒ස්සු මම 엒තොගෙයම තොගෙස්සු ලලම ළ. I walked as there was no buses: බස්සු න뗒 엒ස්සු මම පය엊 ආව. NeLC15 Can’t drink since it is hot: unu nisaa bonna bææ. S201 Chitra invited me to her place next week: Chitra invite karaa ee gollange gedaraTa ena satiye. I agreed because I couldn’t say no: bæhæyi kiyanna bæri hindaa maŋ haa kivvaa. <1> My sister is alone at home (I was told), hence I must spend the night there: ada naŋgi gedara taniyama lu, ee hindaa maTa ada rææTa ehe inna venavaa. SP2:81 Since there is no work at the estate, I came home: වතතොගෙ වඩ න뗒 엒ස්සු ස්සු මම මට ආව. JWG2:150 I can't go, because I am sick: අස්සු 엓ප තොගෙභාෂාවල් දැනගන්ය엊 මට ය엊න බහ**. CS become (vi, ir., syn ‘happen’, ‘be’): NPT-IND තොගෙවනව venavaa, PT ǔණ / උන unaa R12, PP velaa R15, R17b, IMP venna, GER viima, PLUP velaa tiyunaa FGdS353, FUT.COND ǔතොගෙනත vunot / unot (‘if it happens’); veegannavaa? R23, FUT.XXX veevi, OPT veevaa තොගෙනǓ (‘without becoming’) <1> not having become: novii R15 væsse væDa karana gamaŋ / taattaa-va hadisiyema asaniipa unaa. [rain.LOC work.ACC do.NPT-REL PTG / father.ACC suddenly sick become.INV.PT] ‘Father suddenly became sick, while working in the rain.’ Chitra often becomes (falls) ill: ChitraaTa nitara asaniipa venavaa DC106 The man who is becoming.NPT-REL a teacher, knows a lot: guruvarayek vena mahattayaa huňgak dannavaa. <1> The parents like.AM their son becoming.DAT a teacher: තොගෙදමNJ퇒තොගෙය 퇔 燔වරතොගෙය槊 තොගෙවනවට ම뗒ය. G99 When was (had become) Anuradhapura the capital of Ceylon? anuraadapuree laŋkaave aga nuvara velaa tiyune koyi kaale-da? FGdS353 Come back without delay! පර槊槔 තොගෙනǓ එ엊ඩ! <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 25 If you were not.PT.NEG so shy (lit. ‘a that much shameful lad’), you would have talked to her that day: ඔය ඔය රම ල觊ජරතොගෙය槊 තොගෙනǔණ නම එද එය එ槊 රනව. <1> bed (n): ඇඳ æňda R14, PL ඇඳ Some sleep in beds, some sleep on the floor: samaharu æňdanvala nidaagannavaa, samaharu bima nidaagannavaa. SG bed (n, syn ‘nursery’, ‘patch of land’, ‘plot’, ‘seedbed’): පත뗒ය paattiya; cf. ‘vegetable bed’ ‘That one (over there) is a patch of chilli plants: ara tiyenne miris (pæla) paattiyak. DC242 bedbug (Norw. ‘loppe’): ඇඳම槔ණ, මණ makunaa, PL makunu bedroom: 엒දන මරය nidana.VA kaamaraya There are three bedrooms: nidana kaamara tunak tiyenavaa. SG bee: මස්සු ස්සු miimæssaa SP1:19, PL miimæssoo The bee sucked the nectar from the flowers: mii mæssaa malvalin pæni iruvaa. SP1:44 bee honey (n.):  පණ mii pæni S518 beef (n): හර槊 මස්සු harak mas S518 beer: �ර biira beetroot (n, Bot. Beta vulgaris): ර뗔 අල ratu ala <1>, <2>, <3>; �鷊鷊 biiTruuT beetle (n.): 槔ණය kuruminiyaa S518, PL kuruminiyoo; e.g. ය槊ෂ 槔ණය <1> before (adv): ඉස්සු තොගෙස්සු ලල issellaa* R25 (syn. ‘first’, ‘before everything else’); ඉස්සු ස්සුර issara; issaravelaa** before that: iiTa issellaa Younger sister, wash your hand before eating: nangi, kææmaTa.DAT issellaa ata soodanna. SG First take that bus to Galle: issara velaa ara bus eken gaallaTa yanna. NeLC10 ‘I went home before my younger sister’: මම න燒ට ඉස්සු ස්සුර තොගෙවල තොගෙදර 燒ය. NeLC10 before last month.DAT/.INST: giya maaseTa / maasen issara before the Christian era.INST: kristu varsen issara FGdS363 People in the past drank medicinal drinks: issara minissu ausada paana biivaa. DC144 He came here three months ago: දනට මස්සු 뗔නට ඉස්සු තොගෙස්සු ලල එය තොගෙමතොගෙහ ආතොගෙව. Before this I haven’t seen the book: ට ඉස්සු තොගෙස්සු ලල ම තොගෙම තොගෙප දල න. <1> The lecture ended before I understood: මට තොගෙතතොගෙර엊න ඉස්සු තොගෙස්සු ලල ල槊චතොගෙර ඉවර උන. JWG3:126 before (conj): 엊 kalin I have listened to a speech by him before, too: mama minihaage kataavak miTa kalinut ahalaa tiyenavaa. FGdS372 Younger sister came home before the rain: naŋgi væssaTa kalin gedara aavaa. SP2:37 before (prep.): ඉ뷒퇒ට idiripiTa, ඉස්සු ස්සු රහ issaraha S518 before me: maa isseraha S518 beg (v, tr): NPT-IND හඟනව hiňganavaa, PT hiňguvaa, PP hiňgalaa, IMP hiňganda SP3:10 beggar (n): හඟ엊න hiňgannaa, PL hiňganno <1>, begin (v, tr): gannavaa R10, venavaa R12; begin (vti, ir): NPT-IND පට엊 엊නව paTan gannavaa R29, PT p. gattaa, PP p. gena, IMP p. ganna! S127, පට තොගෙන엊න (without beginning) <1> It is three years since I started writing this book: මම තොගෙම තොගෙප ය엊න පට අර අǔ뷔 뗔න槊 තොගෙවනව.** He has started to grow rubber there: එය ඒතොගෙ රබ වව엊න පට엊 අරතොගෙන.** <1> begin (v): NPT-IND අරඹනව arambanavaa, PT ærambuvaa, PP arambalaa, IMP aram banda SP3:11 began: hiTiyaa R29?; begin (vti): ආරමභාෂාවල් දැනගන් තොගෙවනවaarambha venavaa, cf. ‘meeting’ beginning (n): ආරමභාෂාවල් දැනගන්යaarambhaya English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 26 the beginning of: mula FGdS321 the beginning of the month: maase mula on behalf of (adv): තොගෙවනතොගෙව엊 venuven R25, CS This is a big help (you are) doing on my behalf: තොගෙම ම තොගෙවනතොගෙව엊 රන ǒස්සු ල උදNJව槊. CS behave (v, intr): NPT-IND හසතොගෙරනව hæsirenavaa, PT hæsirunaa, PP hæsirilaa, IMP hæsirenda SG3:12 behind (prep./adv., postposition): 퇒鷒පස엊 piTipassa R30B43, piTipasse R29, passeha R29c There is a well behind the house: gee piTipasse.LOC liňdak tiyenavaa. DC119 belief (n): ǒශවස්සු ය vishvaasaya (syn ‘trust’) Christian belief: 槊ස්සු 뗒ය엒 ǒශවස්සු ය <1>; believe (v, tr): NPT-IND අදහනව adahanavaa, PT ædahuvaa, PP adahalaa, IMP adahanda SP3:13 believe (v): NPT-IND ǒශවස්සු රනව vishvaasa karanavaa BH18 (syn ‘trust’), PT v. keruvaa, PP v. karalaa, IMP=INF v. karanna I didn’t believe that: මම ඒ ǒශවස්සු තොගෙතොගෙNJ න. BH18 What she said was hard to believe: එය කය퇔 තොගෙ뷊 ǒශවස්සු ර엊න අමය. <1> bell (n): ීනව siinuva (orig. Port. ‘sino’), PL ීන; siinuva gahanavaa The children are waiting till the bell rings: siinuva gahana tek/kal/kan lamayi balaa innavaa. DC199 belly (n): බඩ baDa, PL baDaval; bandija (CDS, child directed speech) ‘person who has a big belly’ (n): baDaa belong (v): NPT-IND හ තොගෙවනව himi venavaa, PT h. unaa, PP h. velaa, INF=IMP h. venna, ‘belong to’ (belonging to): අය뗒 ayiti; e.g. possession.DIR possessor.DAT ayitiyi.AM; හ himi That house belongs to me: ara gee maTa ayitiyi. That estate belongs to Mr. Perera: ee vatta pereeraa mahattayaaTa ayitiyi. FGdS363 the house belonging to me: maTa himi gee S508 The man spoke to the boy.DAT who owns.NPT-REL the dog: minihaa ballaa ayiti lamayaaTa kataa keruvaa. <1> possessor, owner, manager: අය뗒රය ayitikaarayaa MAs319 Whose books are these? තොගෙම තොගෙපත තොගෙග ද? These books belong to me. තොගෙම තොගෙපත අය뗒 මට. FSI2:68 below: පහළ pahala (prep) SP1:14, ප paata (a) CS belt (n): ප鷒ය paTiya, PL ප鷒 bench (n.): බ槔ව baŋkuva <1>, Bengal quince (Aegle marmelos L.): belli Berberis aristata DC (Bot., med. shrub): බ හද්‍ර baaru haridra <1> besides (adv.): ඇර æra R20, ærenna R28, ærat (syn. ‘apart from that’) S519, K172 besides that small crops: ඒ ඇර ව ස තොගෙබ besides coconut and rubber: තොගෙපය රබය ඇර <1> best (adj.): hoňdama betel: �ලත bulat, biiTal; a combination of betel leaf, arecanut and chunam (lime paste), which is chewed as a stimulant; betel leaves are also given as a sign of respect, e.g. to parents, teachers. <1>, <2>, <3>, <4>; (Budd., betel as alms to monks) දහත dæhæt <1>, chew of betel: �ලත ǒට bulat viTa (standard; i.e. betel leaf in which a bit of areca nut, tobacco and chalky lime are rolled for chewing), �ලත ǒඩ bulat viDa (Ru DIAL JBD4:136 betel-nut (=areca-nut): 퇔ව槊 puvak, ම�ල tambuula (orig. Sanskrit for betel leaf)? betel tray, i.e. brass betel dish: ඉලත鷊鷔ව ilat taTTuva, bulat taTTuva <1>; comp. ‘spittoon’ better (adj.): vaDaa hoňda (Lit ‘more good’) English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 27 get better (v): NPT-IND hoňda venavaa, PT. between (prep): අර atara [atərə] R29, cf. ‘run’; මද mæda [mædə] (syn. ‘centre’, ‘in the middle’), cf. ‘through’ Is there a river between the two houses? geval deka atare gaňgak tiyenavaa da? FGdS281 beverage (n): �ම biima <1>; පනය paanaya (syn. ‘drink’), PL paana; (Budd.) gilanpasa Bheeshanaya (n): භෂණය bhiişanaya, i.e. ‘The Terror’ period of 1988-1990, also ලබල ලය kalabala kaalaya (lit ‘period of chaos/disturbances’) Bible (n): බයබලය bayibalaya (orig. Dutch ‘bijbel’) bicycle (n.): බයසලය b. eka big (adj.): තොගෙල槔 loku R3; ‘big/old person’: තොගෙල槊 lokkaa bill (n): �ල bila (orig. Eng.), PL bil, cf. ‘amout’, ‘sum’ Please bring the bill: karunaakaralaa bila geenna/genDa. SP1:21 ‘binna’ marriage: �엊න ǒවහය; uxorilocal or matrilocal marriage, the men moved into their wife’s residence bind (vt, syn ‘tie’): NPT-IND බ췒නව baňdinavaa, PT bændaa, PP bæňdalaa, IMP baňdinna S281, S519 biology (n): පස්සු රය parisaraya bird: 槔ලල kurullaa, PL kurulloo; ස්සු ලය sakalayaa (DM DIAL JBD4:143) ‘bird-feeding area’ (n, Agric, i.e. prev. strip of paddy land reserved/abandoned for the purpose of bird feeding): 槔 පව kurulu paaluva ‘biriyani’: �ය엒 A festive preparation of rice fried in ghee and boiled in stock, with chicken, mutton or vegetable; ච엊 �ය엒 cikan biriyani <1>, birthday (n.): උප엊 뷒නය upandinaya, upandinee S519 Happy birthday! සභාෂාවල් දැනගන් උප엊 뷒නය槊! We made a cake on father’s birthday (Lit ’realizing it was father’s birthday, we made a cake’): taattaage upandina kiyalaa api keek hæduvaa. <1> biscuit (n.): ǒස්සු තොගෙත뗔ව viskoottuva, PL viskoottu S519; b. eka (orig. Port. ’ biscouto’) bite (vi): NPT-IND හපනව hapanavaa, PT hæpuvaa, PP hapalaa, IMP hapanna S277; NPT-IND හප නව hapaakanavaa Ranjit bit (sth): ranjit hæpuvaa; Ranjit bit himself: ranjit hapaa gattaa DC137 bitter (of taste) (adj): 뗒ත titta bittergourd: රǒල karavila MM29; cf ’Momordica charantia’ black (adj./n.): ᗔ kalu R13; ’black person’: ලල; ’dark-skinned person’: ව blackboard: ᗔ ලලල <1>, The teacher (F) writes on the blackboard.LOC with the piece of chalk.INS: guruvariya hunu kæællen kalu læælle liyanavaa SP2:13 The child erased the black-board with his hand.INST: lamayaa atin kalu læælla mækuvaa. <1> Black Gram (n, Agric): උ뷔 udu Black Prince (n): 槔මරය <1>, blacksmith (n): මමල ව kammal karuvaa <1>, <2>, <3>, <4>, PL k. karuvoo blacksmiths’ work: මමල වඩ blade (n.): ලය talee R30; b. eka S519 blame (v), cf. ’abuse verbally’; NPT-IND තොගෙදස්සු කයනව dos kiyanavaa My brother.DAT is to blame for this mess.DAT: තොගෙම අǔලට තොගෙදස්සු කය엊න ඕන මතොගෙග මලට/අයයට. <1>, blanket (n): �ල엊ට එ CS blind (adj.): අ엊ධ andha S519; ඇස්සු තොගෙ퇊엊තොගෙන න뗒 (Lit ‘eyes see – without’) <1> block (n): PL kæTa ‘dice’: daadu kæTa English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 28 ‘ice cubes’: ais kæTa block openings (v, DIAL): NPT-IND අවනව akavanavaa Grandpa blocks openings (along the fence) round the chena.LOC (to prevent animals entering it): �ඩ තොගෙහතොගෙ엊 අවනව. JBD4:156 blood (n.): තොගෙල lee; 쇒ර rudhira (being) one blood (Lit same caste): eka lee (of) good blood: hoňda lee blood test (n): 쇒ර ප槊ෂණය rudhira parikşanaya MB blossom (vi, syn. ‘open of flowers’, ‘rise of dough’): NPT-IND 퇒තොගෙපනව pipenavaa R30, PT pipunaa, PP pipilaa, IMP pipenna S296, PRES.CON pipi pipi innavaa (is blossoming) W, Night Queen flowers that have blossomed, are beautiful: ꗖ퇖ල මල 퇒퇒ල හම ලස්සු ස්සු නය. SG flowers have blossomed: මල 퇒퇒ල CS Aruni’s red rose bloomed.INV.PT: aruni-ge ratu rosa pipunaa. blow (vi, INV): NPT-IND හමනව hamanavaa, PT hæmuvaa, PP hamalaa, INF=IMP hamanna S277, The wind is blowing: සළඟ හමනව CS; hulaňga hamanavaa DG70 blow as the wind (v, syn. ‘winnow’): හළ හනව hulaŋ gahanavaa C740, cf. ‘winnow’ be ‘wind-struck’ (v, i.e. expose oneself to the air): හළ තොගෙහනව hulaŋ gæhenavaa R24A22, cf. ‘quiver’: gæhenavaa (Norw. ‘skjelve’) It is bad to expose oneself to the wind when having fever: una tiyena koTa hulaŋ gæhenna narakayi.AM. R24A22 blue (adj./n.): 엒ල nil R5 Blumea mollis (Don) (Bot., medicinal herb): kukula <1>, blush (v): NPT-IND ratu venavaa I blushed: maava.ACC ratu unaa. <1> board (n.): ලලල læælla (i.e. plank), PL lææli; මඩලය manDalaya (i.e. group) S520 boarding house (n): තොගෙබꗒම booDima, PL තොගෙබꗒ CS boat: තොගෙබ鷊鷔ව booTTuva (orig. Eng.), ඔව oruva; cf. ‘row’ Sinhalese outrigger logboat / catamaran: ඉස්සු ස්සු 엊 ඔ?? (lit ‘prawn boat’) <1>, තොගෙලලව ස්සු හ ඔව <2>, වල ඔ outrigger canoe WIS61; thora-oru and hädi-oru from Negombo, lateen-rigged palu-oru and bala-oru from the Weligama Bay area, vallam-oru, podi-oru ‘bodhi tree’, Bo-tree, Ficus religiosa (n, Budd.): තොගෙබ boo, තොගෙබ쇒엊 වහ엊තොගෙස්සු boodhin vahanse (Lit ‘highly respected Bo-tree’) <1>, <2>, <3>, <4>, the sacred Bodhi tree: සමහ තොගෙබ쇒ය sirimaha boodiya FGdS358 body: ශරය shariiraya; ඇඟ æňga, PL æňgaval S520; gata; kaya JBD4:4 Use warm water for washing (the body): unuvaturen æňga hodanna NeLC4 ‘body and mind’: gata sita; ‘mind and body’: sita kaya JBD4:4 body mass index: තොගෙ뷊හ ස්සු 엊ධ දශය, ශර ස්සු 엊ධ 뷔ශය bogeyman (n.): �ලල billaa; an imaginary creature used to frighten children MM29; also kidnapper; comp. goonibillaa boil (vi): NPT-IND උ뗔රනව uturanavaa R24, PT …. ; NPT-IND නටනව naTanavaa (syn. ‘dance’), PT næTuvaa water is boiling: vatura naTanavaa S520; boiling.VA water: naTana vatura DC51, uturana vatura boil (vti): NPT-IND නටවනව naTavanavaa, PT næTevvaa S520 Pamela is boiling water.ACC: pæmelaa vatura naTavanavaa S520 ‘boiling water’ (lit. ‘dancing water’): naTana vatura; pæhena vatura; kodiccivena vatura; uturana vatura SP1:126 boil (v): NPT-IND මබනව tambanavaa, PT , PT.VADJ tambapu , PP , IMP , English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 29 I ate two boiled.PT.VADJ eggs: මම මබ퇔 �තර තොගෙද槊 ව. FSI2:207 boil (vi): NPT-IND මතොගෙබනව tæmbenavaa, PT , ‘bold and fearless’ (adj, idiom): ූර Ǔර suura-viira, Lit ‘competent+brave’ DC86 bomb (n): තොගෙබමබය boombaya [boombee], PL තොගෙබමබ CS, e.g. �ම තොගෙබමබ <1>, Another Bomb Goes Off in Kabul: �ල නරතොගෙ වත තොගෙබමබය槊 퇔퇔රය (퇔퇔ර 燒ය). <1> boo(dhi) tree, Peepal tree: boo gaha, Ficus religiosa L. <1>; believed to be trees that are decendants from a branch of the tree under which the Buddha achieved enlightenment. ‘boodi puja’ (n): තොගෙබ쇒 퇖ජ offerings to the sacred bo tree <1>, used to offset negative influence of the planets when a person’s horoscope warns about an inauspicious period book: තොගෙප pota, GEN potee/IND.GEN potaka, PL pot R1; the book’s name: තොගෙපතොගෙත නම bookshop (n): තොගෙපත ස්සු 퇊퇔ව pot saappuva MB border: addara siŋharaajaya addara bore (vt, syn ‘drill’ e.g. a well): හරනව cf. ‘dig’ boring (adj): පල pal, cf. ‘useless’ (You) needn’t go to listen to that dry talk: oya pal kataava ahanna yanna oona nææ. FGdS374 be born (vi): NPT-IND උප뷒නව upadinavaa MAs321, PT ipadunaa, PP ipadilaa, GER ipadiima S335 I was born in 1987: මම උප엊තොගෙන එ槊දස්සු නමසය අසහතොගෙත. <1> be born (vi, passive): NPT-IND ඉපතොගෙදනව ipadenavaa (=upadinavaa), PT ipadunaa, PP ipadilaa, GER ඉප뷓ම ipadiima (i.e. ‘birth’) S326 is born: hamba venavaa Where were you born? මහතය ඉප뷔තොගෙ엊 තොගෙතොගෙහ ද? FSI2:165 Michael Ondaatje was not born in Canada: MO නඩතොගෙව ඉප뷔තොගෙ엊 න. MAs66 borrow (compound vt, lit. ‘ask for and get’): NPT-IND ඉලල 엊නව illaa gannavaa, PT i. gattaa, PP i. ?, IMP i. ganna I wasn’t able to borrow all of it: seerama illaaganna bæri unaa borrow (v): NPT-IND ඉලලනව illanavaa (syn ‘demand’), cf. ‘demand’ borrow money, i.e. take debt; cf. ‘debt’, ‘lend money’ boss (n): තොගෙල槊 lokkaa (syn. ‘big person’), also used as a jovial but respectful term to address an elderly person) S520; loku mahattayaa DC87, NeLC15, තොගෙබස්සු bos Is he as nasty as our boss? eyaa apee loku mahattayaa vagee napuru kenekda? NeLC15 the congratulatory speech by the boss: තොගෙල槊තොගෙග සබ ප뗓තොගෙම ව <1> both (adj./pron.): තොගෙදම deka-ma (i.e. objects) R12A1; තොගෙද엊නම dennaama (i.e. living beings) S520 the both.AM books: pot dekama the both.AM teachers: guruvaru dennaama; both are teachers: dennaama guruvaru. <1> Both are at school: dennaa-ma iskoolee. ‘don’t bother’ (colloq, syn ‘don’t worry’): රදර තොගෙව엊න එප karadara venna epaa. FGdS224 bottle (n.): තොගෙබලය bootalee R14 (orig. Dutch ‘bottel’) boutique (n.): ඩය kaDee R6, IND kaDeak, GEN kaDee, GEN.IND kaDeeka, PL kaDa / kaDaval; denotes a very modest store or teashop ‘kaDee yanavaada’? (are you) going to the store? Common utterance to keep one’s good will by asking the obvious even if one knows exactly where the addressee is going. <1> bow in worship (vt, syn ‘adore’): NPT-IND ව췒නව vaňdinavaa MAs345, PT , PP , IMP , GER ව췓ම; i.e. respectful physical gesture of salutation box (n., syn. basket, compartment): තොගෙප鷊鷒ය peTTiya R24, PL තොගෙප鷊鷒 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 30 boy (n, anim): 퇒 ළමය pirimi lamayaa, PL p. lamayi; තොගෙලල kollaa, IND kollek, PL kolloo JBD4:60; ප鷒ය pæTiyaa (lit ‘calf’); පට pæTaa (DM DIAL JBD4:143) the books of a boy: 퇒 ළමතොගෙය槔තොගෙග තොගෙපත ‘our boys’: apee kolloo Boys.DAT happen to think.INV: තොගෙලල엊ට සතොගෙනව.** JBD4:63 brain (n): තොගෙමලය, තොගෙමළය molaya ‘brain work’: තොගෙමලය වඩ SG branch (n): අත atta, PL atu (i.e. of a tree) brass (n): 퇒තල pittala <1>, <2>, bread (n): ප엊, ප paan [paaŋ] R15 (orig. Port. ‘pâo’) loaf of bread: ප තොගෙꗒය paan geDiya R15B21, GEN paan geDiye, brown bread: පරᗔ ප엊 paralu paan MAD; රᗔ ප엊 ralu paan MB Shall (I) bring some bread too? paanut geennada? NeLC8 breadfruit: del, රටතොගෙදල raTadel, katudel and kalladel, varieties originating from crosses of Artocarpus nobilis and the introduced. <1> breadth (n, syn. ‘broadness’, ‘width’): පළල palala R13 break a glass (vt. VOL): NPT-IND biňdinavaa R20, PT bindaa, PP biňdalaa, IMP biňdinna! S293 How did (you) break it? Kohomada eeka binde? be broken (v, passive INV): NPT-IND biňdenavaa, PT biňdunaa, PP biňdilaa, IMP biňdenna! S296 A glass got broken, Madam: Viduruvak bindunaa, Noonaa I didn’t break it, Noona; it got broken: Mama binde nææ, noonaa; eeka bindunaa. break (vt): NPT-IND ඩනව kaDanavaa, PT. kæDuvaa R11A19, PP kaDalaa, IMP kaDanda SP3:18 Did we break it on purpose (active), or did we break it by accident (passive)? අ퇒 ꗔව ද, අ퇒 අ뗒엊 ꗔන ද? api kæDuvaa da, api atin kæDunaa da? G31 ꗔතොගෙව න, ꗔන. G32 get broken, break by itself (vti, INV.): NPT-IND තොගෙඩනව kæDenavaa, PT ꗔන kæDunaa, PP ꗒල kæDilaa SP3:152, ꗒල (probably is broken). She didn’t accidentally break the plate: eyaa atiŋ piŋgaanaya kæDune nææ I know that the car is broken: තොගෙර ꗒ臊ච බව ම ද엊නව. CS Bus that come by today got broken: අද අ퇒 එන බස්සු එ ꗔන. CS breakfast (n.): උතොගෙ뷊 ම udee kæma ‘eating breakfast’ (colloq): tee bonavaa K226; cf. ‘eating dinner/lunch’ breaking (n, verbal noun): kaDana eka; kaDapu eka (breaking in the past, or what has been broken) DC50 breast (n): ප퇔ව papuva, PL papu breath (n): හස්සු මhusma Take a deep breath! Please cough! hoňdaTa husma ganna! kahinna! NeLC4 breathe (v, syn ‘respire’, ‘inhale’): NPT-IND හස්සු ම 엊නව husma gannavaa, PT h. gattaa bribe (n): ජරව jaraava; පව pagaava, PL pagaa The man accepts (lit. takes) bribes: 엒හ ප 엊නව. JBD4:114 bribe someone (v, colloq ‘slang’): ජරව තොගෙදනව jaraava denavaa <1> brick (n): තොගෙඩල gaDola, PL gaDol (They) build (them) of brick as well as of black granite: goDalenut baňdinavaa, kalugalenut baňdinavaa. FGdS2:25 large bricks from Northern Sri Lanka™: රජරට තොගෙල槔 තොගෙඩල <1>, bride (n, F): මනම manamaali K2:25 bridegroom (n, M): මනමලය manamaalayaa bridge (n): පලම paalama R29, PL පලම paalam, GEN paalamee; ඒදඩ eedanDa (footbridge, a tree trunk used as a bridge) <1>, <2>, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 31 Will the bridge break? I am very afraid: paalama kæDeyida? maTa hari bayayi. S232 brief (adj.): තොගෙ鷒 keTi bring (vt, ir.): NPT-IND තොගෙතොගෙනනව genenavaa/තොගෙගනව geenavaa R15, PT genaavaa, PP genallaa / genat / genæt R15, IMP geenDa SP3:19/geenna! S137, PRES.CON genemin innavaa (is bringing) SP1:111, bring (a person) ekkaŋ ennavaa R23A8 Gune.NOM patient.ACC bring.PT : Gune leDaava genaavaa It was the English men who brought tea to Sri Lanka: ලවට තොගෙත තොගෙනතොගෙව ඉ燒සරතොගෙය. SdS89 bring (animals / things) (vt, ir.): NPT-IND අර엊 එනව araŋ enavaa I’ll bring a book tomorrow: mama heTa potak araŋ ennam / geennam. FGdS2:91 put away, put in a safe place: araŋ tiyanavaa; cf. tiyalaa tiyanavaa, to keep, store R19A27. bringing: araŋ R15, R28A38, aragana R15 cause to bring (vb. INV.): gennanavaa R15 bring (a person) along (v, Lit ‘come together’): ekka enavaa FGdS2:81 Would it be bad to bring your wife along when you come this way? mee pætte ena koTa noonaat ekka enna naraka-da? bring up: æti karanavaa R19 bring up (children): hadanavaa R1, cf. ‘make’; හද 엊නව hadaa gannavaa (syn ‘adopt’) brinjal (n.): cf. ‘aubergine’ British person, Briton (n): ස뷊ද suddaa (also ‘white-skinned European’), PL ස뷊තොගෙද suddoo (i.e. ‘British people’) <1>, broad (adj.): පළල palal R13 broadcast (v, tr): NPT-IND ප뗔රනව paturanavaa, PT pætiruvaa, PP paturalaa, IMP paturanda SP3:20 broadcast (v, int): NPT-IND pætirenavaa broadcast (vt, i.e. sow paddy by broadcasting): NPT-IND ඉහනව ihinavaa, Now the field is ready for broadcasting the paddy: dæn vii ihinna kumbura lææstiyi.AM FSI:2:276 broken (exhausted): තොගෙප뗒 kapooti (orig. Dutch); kæDilaa; kæDicca S521 it’s broken: eeka kæDilaa broken pen: kæDicca pææna broken chair: kæDicca putuva Brooke Bond: bruuk bonD broom (e.g. besom broom, outdoor broom): ඉළප ilapata <1>, brother (n.): ස්සු තොගෙහදරය sahoodarayaa (syn ‘comrade’), PL sahoodarayoo S521 How many brothers do you have? ස්සු තොගෙහදරතොගෙය 槓තොගෙදතොගෙන槊 ඉ엊නව ද? FSI2:155 elder brother: væDimahal sahoodarayaa**, අය** * ayiyaa; younger brother: baala sahoodarayaa**, මල* malli R21 brother-in-law (n): We call the person married to our nangi, ‘massina’: න燒 බඳල ඉ엊න එ槊තොගෙනට අ퇒 කය엊තොගෙ엊 මස්සු සන කයල. FSI2:160 brown (adj.): 뷔 dum buru brush (vt, VOL): NPT-IND ම뷒නව madinavaa (syn ‘tap’), PT mæddaa, PP mædalaa, IMP madinna S280 be brushed (vi, INV, syn. ‘be ironed’, ‘be smoothened’): NPT-IND මතොගෙදනව mædenavaa, bubble (boil intr.): uturanavaa R24 Buchanania Ianzan Spreng. (Bot., medicinal): 퇒යල piyala <1> bucket (n.): බල뷒ය baaldiya R22 (syn. ‘container’, orig. Port. ‘balde’), Buddha (n., syn ‘Lord Buddha’): �뷔 budu, �뷊ධ buddha, cf. ‘Lord Buddha’ ‘Buddha house’ (n): �뷔 槔鷒ය budu kuTiya <1>, <2>, <3>, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 32 The Buddha house might bring me cure: මට �뷔 槔鷒ය槊 හද තොගෙද엊න තොගෙලඩ ස්සු 엓ප තොගෙවය. <1> Buddha statue (n): 퇒ම වහ엊තොගෙස්සු pilima vahanse (Lit. ‘highly respected statue’) <1>, Buddhist (adj.): තොගෙබ뷊ධ** bauddha, බǔ뷊ද* bavudda Buddhist teachings/church/community (n, also form of nationhood): ස්සු ස්සු නය saasanaya, saasana Buddhism (n.): �뷊ධම buddhaagama <1>, <2>; village Buddhism: gamee buddhaagama; �뷔 දහම** budu dahama (lit ‘Buddhist thought’/’B. doctrine’) <3>; ස්සු ස්සු නය saasana budget (n): අය වය වව aya væya vaartaava, Lit ‘revenue + expenditure + report’ buffalo: හර mii harakaa, PL mii harak; mii goon <1>, <2>, wild buffalo (Bubalus arnee L.): 槔ᗔ හර kulu harakaa bug (n.): ම槔ණ makunaa, PL makunoo S521 ‘bugs’ (n): mæsimaduruvo, mæsi + maduru, Lit ‘fly + mosquito’ DC87 build (v, tr): NPT-IND baňdinavaa R20; NPT-IND හදනව hadanavaa, PT hæduvaa, PP hadalaa, IMP hadanda SP3:21 build (vi), cf. ‘form’ (vi) building (n.): �ලꗒම* bilDima, PL bilDiŋ; තොගෙඩන燒ලල goDanægilla, PL තොගෙඩන燒 goDanægili; e.g. පරණ පතොගෙම엊뗔 තොගෙඩන燒ලල <1>, What is that big building? අර තොගෙල槔 තොගෙඩන燒ලල තොගෙම槊 ද? <1> block of flats: තොගෙඩන燒 ස්සු න槓න bulb (n): බල� එ bulb eka <1>, bull, bullock (n): තොගෙන gonaa R3, PL තොගෙ엊න gonnu (also a by-word for stupidity; cf ‘stupid deed’) Bull rush (Bot. Typha angustifolia L.): hambu pan bullshit (n, colloq): ǒරය槊 CS bun (n): බ엒ස්සු banis, බ엒ස්සු තොගෙꗒය banis geDiya, e.g. කල බ엒ස්සු <1>, මᗔ බ엒ස්සු <2>, CS bunch (n): වලල valla, PL ව valu CS bund (n, Civ, Agric, e.g. ‘tank bund’): ꗒය kanDiya, e.g. වNJ ꗒය <1> bundle (n): 鷒ය miTiya How much is a bundle of goTukola? තොගෙ鷔තොගෙල 鷒ය槊 槓ය ද? goTukola miTiyak kiiyada? NeLC2 bungalow (n): බලව baŋgalaava, PL baŋgalaa; i.e. residence of a well-to-do person Bupleurum wightii Poli (Bot., medicinal herb): val erandu??? <1> buriyani: … Burgher of Dutch origin (n, colloq): ල엊සය lansiyaa, ලසය laŋsiyaa, ල엊සජ뗒ය lansijaatikayaa; (adj): ල엊ස lansi Burgher of Portugese origin (n, colloq): 뗔퇊පහය tuppahiyaa, adj. 뗔퇊පහ tuppahi (syn ‘foreigner’, ‘hippie’, ‘interpreter’)???? burn (vt): dævenavaa ‘set fire to’ (vti, ir, syn. ‘to feel hot due to chilli’): NPT-IND දනව danavaa, PT dæævaa, PP daalaa, IMP danna S121 burst (vi, syn. blow up, crack, explode): NPT-IND 퇔퇔රනව pupuranavaa R24, PT pipiruvaa, PP pupuralaa, IMP pupuranna! S336 burst by itself (v, passive, syn. ‘to be exploded’): NPT-IND 퇒퇒තොගෙරනව pipirenavaa, PT pipirunaa, PP pipirilaa, IMP pipirenna! S330 The wood splits (lit. ‘bursts’) from the sunshine.DAT: අNJවට  퇒퇒තොගෙරනව avvaTa lii pipirenavaa. G32 bus (n): බස්සු එ bas-eka R11, GEN bas-ekee; bus halt, bus stop, bus stand (n): බස්සු ස්සු ට엊/තොගෙහල鷊 එ CS, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 33 Today, I’m going.NPT.EMP by bus.INST: mama ada yanne bas-ekeŋ FGdS120 catch the bus: බස්සු හමබතොගෙවනව CS bush (n.): gaha R8; ප췔ර paňdura, PL paňduru S521 business (n.): b. eka, වපරය vyaapaaraya S521 This is none of your business (Lit. ‘This one has become a business of ours’)! meeka ævillaa apee væDak! <1> bus stand (n): බස්සු නව뗔මපළ bas nævatumpala NeLC10; බස්සු නව뗔ම basnævatuma (syn ‘bus stop’) NeLC9; bas sTæænD eka SG Can you please tell me the way to the bus stop? karunaakara bas sTæænD ekaTa yanna paara kiyanavaada? (It is) not so far from here to the bus stand: bas sTæænD ekaTa metana iňdalaa væDiya dura nææ; Go straight.EMP ahead.DAT, and turn to the right.DAT from that junction.ABL: kelinma issarahaTa yanna, ara handiyen dakunaTa hærenna; Then you will see.INFER the bus stand: etakoTa bas sTæænD eka peneevi. SG busy (adj.): b. (colloq.), යබහල kaaryabahula S521; (be) busy (colloq): velaava nææ MAs73 Are you busy? ඔයට වඩද? MAs73 not (being) busy (colloq): mokut væDak nææ MAs73 but (con.,‘but – nevertheless’): ඒ උනට ee unaaTa (lit. ‘even that being the case’) K37, ඒ ǔණට ee unaaTa NeLC4; එතොගෙභාෂාවල් දැනගන්ත** [ඒ*] eet This rice is fresh, but expensive: තොගෙම හල අත, ඒ උනට ණ K37 I am reading a novel, (but) not a short story: මම නව කයවනව. ඒ ǔණට තොගෙ鷒 කයව엊තොගෙන න. NeLC4 But some days there are few buses: ee unaaTa samahara davasvalaTa bas aDuyi.AM. NeLC13 I don’t know, but I know that Sita didn’t hit Rohan: mama danne nææ, eet sita neveyi rohanaTa gæhuve kiyalaa mama dannavaa. if + but (conj): ehet [eet]; නත namut (occurs as sentence initiator) K70 but + however: හබය hæbæyi R10 But today however I can’t come: ada hæbæyi maTa enna bææ R10A27 business (n): bisnas eka [bisnəs ekə]; velaňdaama, cf ‘trade’ Is business good these days? bisnas hoňda-da mee davasvala? FGdS2:80 Father went to Colombo on business.DAT/in order to do business: taattaa velaňdaamaTa kolam ba giyaa. DG87 businessman (n): දල mudalaali (orig Tamil) butter: බට batar (orig. Eng.) buttocks (n, Norw ‘rumpe’): 퇒ꗒ තොගෙ鷊 piDi gæTee (DIAL 4K, JBD4:151) Old teachers hit the buttocks.DAT: පරන 燔ව 퇒ꗒතොගෙ鷊ට හනව. JBD4:151 button (n): තොගෙබතම bottama R31 (Port. ‘botão’) <1>, buy (vt): NPT-IND 엊නව gannavaa K3, PT gattaa, PP arangena, PLUP ganna tibunaa, IMP ganna, තොගෙනඅර (without buying) What do you want to buy? මහතය තොගෙමනවද 엊න ඕන? I want to buy several things: මට බꗔ 槓පය槊 엊න ඕන Where did you buy this? kohenda meeka gatte? S522 We buy things from this shop: api mee kaDen.ABL baDu gannavaa. <1> He still had to buy many kinds of things: එයට ව තොගෙඩ槊 බꗔ ජ뗒 엊න 뗒�න. BH8 by (prep./adv.): ǒස엊 visin S521 by (prep./adv.): ලව lavaa / laua (syn ‘through’, ‘with’) The carpenter makes the child hit the nails: vaDuvaa lamayaa laua æna gassavanavaa. DC97 The government makes the village officer distribute relief supplies to people: rajaya graama seevaka lauvaa minissunTaa shanadaara bedavanavaa DC167 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 34 The gentleman has his car washed by the help: මහතය තොගෙස්සු වය ලව  එ තොගෙහදනව; The son gets his father to buy chocolate: 퇔 ත ලව තොගෙච槊ල鷊 엊නවනව. MAs255; The boss has his gofer bring him a lunch packet: තොගෙබස්සු තොගෙස්සු වය ලව ල엊臊 ප鷊 එ槊 තොගෙ엊නනව.; Sometimes sister gets sari blouses made by that seamstress: ස්සු මහරǒට අ槊 ඒ මහන තොගෙනන ලව හ鷊ට මස්සු ස්සු නව. MAs277 return to index

C ච ච ච ච ච ච ච ච ච ච තොගෙච තොගෙ臊 බච තොගෙච තොගෙච තොගෙච ca cā cæ cæ ci cī cu cū cṛ cṝ ce cē cai co cō cau

ඡ ඡ ඡ ඡ ඡ ඡ ඡ ඡ ඡ ඡ තොගෙඡ තොගෙ බඡ තොගෙඡ තොගෙඡ තොගෙඡ cha chā chæ chæ chi chī chu chū chṛ chṝ che chē chai cho chō chau

cabbage (n., Bot. Brassica oleracea): තොගෙව goovaa (orig. Port. ‘côuve’) <1>, <2>, cabin (n), cf. ‘cottage’ cacoa (n, Bot, Theobroma cacao): තොගෙතොගෙ kokoo <1>, <2>, <3>, ‘cadjan’: kædjan?, pol-atta; dried and plaited coconut leaf, coconut branch, woven and used as building material <1>, <2> Caesalpinia bonduc L. (Bot., medicinal plant): kumburu (seeds used) ‘cah’!: exclamation R8s cake: තොගෙ槊槊 (තොගෙꗒය) keek, kokis; crips and light sweetmeat, a Sri Lankan dish made from rice flour and coconut milk. calamity (n.): වස්සු නය vyəsənəyə S522 <1>, Calamus spp: rattan: තොගෙNJවල veevæla <1> Calamus delicatulus L.: naravæl Calamus ovoideus L. (rattan, thorny liana): tuDarææna, (suduveevæl?) <1> Calamus pachystemonus L.: kukuluvæl Calamus thwaitesii L.: ma veevæl Calamus zeylanicus L.: tambotuvæl calculate (v., tr.): ණ엊 රනව ganan karanavaa; NPT-IND ණ엊 හදනව ganan hadanavaa, PT g. hæduvaa, PP , IMP S522 calendar (n.): ල엊ඩරය kælænDaraya, ල엊ඩතොගෙ kælænDaree calf (n): ප鷒ය pæTiyaa (syn. ‘young animal’, idiom ‘little boy’), indef.anim. pæTiyek The red cow has got a black calf: ratu harakaaTa kalu pæTiyek innavaa SG call (vt): (1) NPT-IND අඬහනව aňDagahanavaa, PT aňDagæhuvaa, PP , IMP R26; (2) NPT-IND kataa karanavaa (o.DAT) FGdS152 Call Pamela! PæmelaaTa.DAT aňDagahanne! ‘What is called the Dunhinda is a water fall’: 뷔엊හඳ කය엊තොගෙන 뷒ය ඇලල槊. NeLC12 Call the master tomorrow night: mahattayaaTa heTa rææ kataa karanna. FGdS152 called (so and so…) (v.PT-REL): කයන kiyana SdS2 Do (you) know a person called Malini? මල엓 කයල තොගෙතොගෙන槊 ද엊නව ද? English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 35 I am looking for one Ramanayake: මම ආතොගෙව රමනය කයල මහතතොගෙය槊 හමබ තොගෙව엊න. NeLC5 …to a gentleman called Brown: …බබǔ엊‍ කයල මහතතොගෙය槔ට FSI2:68 calm (adj, syn ‘collected’): මපත tæmpat Calophyllum calaba (Bot.): ට 槓ණ gæTa kiina Calophyllum inophyllum L (Bot., med. tree): තොගෙල තොගෙදඹ tel dom ba <1> Calophyllum mooni Wight (Bot, endemic) තොගෙදඹ 槓ණ dom ba kiina <1>, Calophyllum tomentosa, C. walkeri (Bot., Guttiferea, TRF tree spp.): 槓ණ kiina Calotropis gigantea L. (Bot., shrub/tree, medicinal): එල වර ela varaa <1> camel (n): ඔ鷔ව oTuvaa (also ‘odd person’), PL oTuvoo ඇය අ퇒 ඔ鷔තොගෙවද? æyi api oTuvoda? <1> camera (n): මරව kæmaraava, PL kæmaraa Campnosperma zeylanica L. (Bot., TRF tree): aridda campus (n, syn. ‘university’): ǒශවǒදල vishvavidyaala, e.g. හ귔 ǒශවǒ뷊යලතොගෙ <1>, can (Lit ‘is able’, ‘is possible’, ‘is allowed’, s.DAT): 퇔ᗔව엊 puluvan; with AM: puluvani; ඇහ槊 æhæk (Ru DIAL, JBD4:137); cf. ‘able’, ‘could’ the younger sister can read Tamil: nangiTa.DAT demala kiyavanna puluvaŋ K53 Can I leave? maTa yanna puluvanda? You can go! oyaaTa yanna puluvani! canal (n.): ඇළ æla, PL ælaval S522, e.g. හලට엊 ඇළ <1>, cancel (vt, ir, VOL): be cancelled (vi, INV): cancer (n.): 퇒ᗒව pilikaava S522 Smoking may cause cancer. 뷔ම�ම 퇒ᗒ ඇ뗒 ළ හකය. <1> His cancer is curable: එයතොගෙග 퇒ᗒව සවළ හකය. candle (n): ඉ鷒ප엊දම iTipandama MAs320 (lit ‘wax torch’) cane (n., syn. ‘rattan’): තොගෙNJවල veevæla, PL veevæl S522 <1>, e.g. තොගෙNJවල භාෂාවල් දැනගන්ඩ<2> Cannaga odorata (Lam.) (Bot., medicinal tree): වන ස්සු 퇔vana sapu <1> cannot: බහ bæhæ (syn. ‘is not possible’) I cannot come next month: maTa.DAT labana maase enna bææ K53 Why can’t the younger sister read Tamil? nangiTa.DAT demala kiyavanna bæri æyi? K53 If you can’t, you just stay away: tamuseTa bæri nam tamuse nikaŋ innavaa. FGdS374 Canarium zeylanicum (Bot., Burseracea, TRF NWFP): kækuna candidate: apeekşakaya Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica (Bot., cannabis, marijuana): ජ ganja <1>, smoking marijuana (colloq slang): තොගෙජය엊鷊 හනව <1> capable (adj.): ද槊ෂ dakşa S522 capital (n., syn. ‘city’): අනවර aganuvara, PL aganuvaraval S522, FGdS353 Ceylon’s first capital was Anuradhapura: lakaave palaveni aga nuvara anuraadapuree. FGdS353 capital letters (grammar): තොගෙල槔 අ槔 loku akuru; non-existing in the Sinhala script system to capitalize or not: තොගෙල槔 අ槔ද, තොගෙපꗒ අ槔ද? <1> Capsicum (Bot. Capsicum annum): මᗔ ස්සු maalu miris; a large variety of chilli used as a vegetable <1>, car (n): kaar-eka R11, GEN kaar-ekee; තොගෙමතොගෙටරථය** Carallia brachiata (Bot): davata Carallia calycina (Bot., Rhizophoracea, TRF sp.): උ�තොගෙ�ය ubbeeriya card (n): , ප English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 36 Let's have dinner now and play cards afterwards: අ퇒 ද엊 (ර) ම ල, ඊට පස්සු තොගෙස්සු හ. <1> cardamom (n): රද燔 karadamungu (orig. Port. ‘cardamômo’), එ엊ස්සු ල ensaal career (n): rassaava R21 careful (adj.): ස්සු ලකමත sælakilimat S522, පතොගෙරස්සු ස්සුම paressaŋ (We) must be careful: පතොගෙරස්සු ස්සු තොගෙව엊න ඕන. CS careless (adj.): තොගෙනස්සු ලකමතnosælakilimat S522 Careya arborea (Bot. ‘patana oak’): kahaTa <1>, carpenter (n): වꗔබස්සු , වꗔව vaDuvaa R25 (sg.IND vaDuvek, PL vaDu/vaDuvo; also naming one of the castes, as well as lineage, family, gender, a distinct class of beings) carpentry (n, woodwork): වꗔ වඩ vaDuvæDa carriage (n): cf ‘cart’ carrom (n, i.e. couronne): රම kæram <1>, <2>, <3>, carrot (n): ර鷊 kæraT, Daucus carota L. <1> carry (v., tr.): NPT-IND අර엊 යනව* aran yanavaa, PT a. giyaa, PP a. gihillaa, IMP a. yanna S522 cart (n): රතය [karattəyə], රතතොගෙ [karatte] SdS2, karattee R15 <1>, PL රත karatta cart owner (n): රත රය Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. (Bot., medicinal herb): 엓මල miniimal <1>, <2> Caryota urens L.: ක뗔ල kitul. <1>, <2>, <3>, <4>, <5>; the root bark and pith of the kitul palm is used for treatment of rheumatic swellings and snake bite poisoning. The inflorescence are tapped for toddy and treacle and jaggery made from it. case (n, Gram.): ǒභාෂාවල්, දැනගන්槊뗒ය ǒබ槊뗒ය, PL ǒභාෂාවල් දැනගන්槊뗒, ǒබ槊뗒 MAS, CS; for substantives in general there are four cases: direct DIR, as in pota, minihaa; dative DAT, as in potaTa, minihaaTa; genitive GEN, as in potee, minihaage; and instrumental INST, as in poten, minihaagen. Some substantives show two more: accusative ACC, as in minihaava, and vocative VOC, as in miniho. G14 cashew (n.): 觔 kaju (orig. Port. ‘kajú) <1> cashewnut tree: 觔 kaju Anacardium occidentale (Linn). <1>, <2>, cassava (n./adj.): මඤතොගෙඤ槊 maññokkaa <1>, Cassia fistula (Bot., ‘Indian laburanam’): ඇහල æhæla <1>, caste: 槔ලය kulaya, PL kula <1>; cf. ‘fishermen’s caste’ low-caste: kulahiina; අꗔ 槔ලය aDu kulaya S406; අꗔ ජමමය , අꗔ ජ뗒ය (lit ‘low-origin’) high-caste: kuliina ‘protecting our caste’: api jati aaraksaava kirima / karanavaa (become) ‘polluted’: naraka (venavaa); apirisudu (venavaa?) occupation of each caste: rajakariya, Lit ‘services to the king’ cat (n.): M බළල balalaa R3, R15, F bælali K2:25 PL balallu; 퇖ස්සු * puusaa R17, PL puusoo; naavva, puusi (CDS, child directed speech); 槔ච kuŋcaa (DM DIAL JBD4:143) That (indeed) is our newest cat: ඒ මය අතොගෙ퇊 අම 퇖ස්සු. CS catamaran (n): cf. ‘boat’ ‘cat-and-dog life’ (n, idiom): ස්සු ꗔ-දබර sanDu-dabara, Lit ‘quarrel + wrangle’ catch (n): අලම alliima fishery (n): මස엊 අලලන ස්සු ථනය, මස엊 අලම <1>, catch (vt, o.ACC): NPT-IND අලලනව allanavaa R19, R20a4, R31b1 (syn. ‘touch’, ‘appeal’), PT ælluvaa S522 (අලලNJව allavvaa, Ka DIAL JBD4:139), PP allalla, IMP allanna, NPT-REL allana, PP- REL allapu (i.e. ‘next’) S346, GER අලම alliima Can you catch me.ACC? මව අලල엊න 퇔ᗔව엊 ද? maava allanna puluvanda? Boys catch fish here: තොගෙලතොගෙල තොගෙමන මᗔඅලලනව. JWG2:62 get caught: ahu venavaa R19 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 37 catch (vt, ir): NPT-IND අලල 엊නව allaa gannavaa (syn. ‘arrest’, ‘catch hold of’), PT a. gattaa, PP , IMP S127 Grab.IMP this bunch (‘a few’) of books so that I can open.INF the door: තොගෙම තොගෙපත 鷒 鷒槊 අලල 엊න ම තොගෙදර අ엊න. catch (diseases) (v, syn. ‘get’): NPT-IND හතොගෙදනව (ස්සු තොගෙදනව) hædenavaa, PT hædunaa, PP hædilaa, IMP hædenna S286, FGdS2:68 My brother had a chest ailment, and the doctor treated him: apee mallige papuva amaaruvek hædilaa, vedaa tamayi.AM beet keruve. cattle (n.): හර harakaa (syn. bullock) R24, PL හර槊 harak;  හර buffalo cattle herd of cattle (n): harappaTTiya [harappaTTiyə], හර槊 harak + ප鷊鷒ය paTTiya DC94 People still plough their fields with cattle: minissu tavama harakungen.INS kumburu haanavaa. DC117 cauldron (n, No. ‘gryte’): ලතොගෙ뷊රම kalderama (orig. Port. ‘caldeiráõ’) cause (vti): NPT-IND ස්සු ලස්සු නවsalasanavaa, PT sælasuvaa, PP salasalaa, IMP salasanna S309, I got Banda to cut the trees (lit. ‘having persuaded Banda…’): mama banDaTa kiyalaa gas kæppuvaa. G28 cave (n): තොගෙලණ lena, PL len (syn ‘cavern’); ‘Pahiyangala stone cave’: පහයල ලතොගෙලන <1>, -cci (suffix): indicating ‘exclamatory verb mood’, cf. -pi DC75 fall! væTicci ceiling (n): ීම siiliŋ CS, ීම siilima MAs46 <1>, celebration (n): උතස්සු තොගෙවය utsaveya Kavum is served for every important ceremony: හම වදත උතස්සු තොගෙNJම ǔම 뗒තොගෙයනව. MAs100 Celtis cinnamomea (Bot., TRF sp.): gurenda cement (n.): සතොගෙම엊뗒 simenti (orig. Port. ‘cimento’), තොගෙ엊කක鷊‍ konkriiT cemetery (n.): රතොගෙ퇊퇔ව kærakooppuva (orig. Dutch); 엓 퇒鷊ට엒ය minipiTTaniya S523 cent (n): ස්සු යsatee R9, PL sata centre / center (n): මද; cf ‘middle’/’in the middle’ centipede (n): පතය pattææyaa, PL pattææyoo <1>, centre (n): මධස්සු ථනය madyastaanaya Sarvodaya Gramodaya Centre: meditation centre: භාෂාවල් දැනගන්වන ම뷊යස්සු ථනය Centella asiatica L. (Bot., medicinal plant): (ᇓ엊) තොගෙ鷔තොගෙල (hiin) goTukola, for iron deficiency and eye problems <1>, <2> Cerbera manghas L. (Bot., mangrove plant): gon kaduru <1> ceremony (n.): උතස්සු වයutsavee certain(ty): 엒臊ච(ය) nicci(ya) R28 that’s certain (colloq): eeka neennaŋ century (n): ස්සු වතොගෙස්සු * satavarse FGdS353; ශවෂය** shatavarşaya Chaetocarpus spp. (Bot., TRF tree): hadawaka chair (n.): 퇔鷔ව puTuva, PL puTu R1 ‘chaitya’ (n): place of sacrifice or religious worship, e.g. Buddhist dagoba challenge (n): අභතොගෙයය abhiyoogaya Commerce is a challenge: velaňdaama abhiyoogayak <1> chameleon (n): cf. ‘lizard-like’ chance (n): ඉඩ iDa (syn ‘probability’, ‘occasion’, ‘space’, ‘room’) He may / might lose his job (lit. ‘There is a chance of him losing his job): එයතොගෙ රස්සු ස්සු ව න뗒 තොගෙව엊න ඉඩ 뗒තොගෙයනව; It may/might not rain till April (lit. ‘There is a chance of no rain till April’): අතොගෙප්‍රතොගෙප්‍රල‍ තොගෙවන엊 තොගෙනවහ엊න ඉඩ 뗒තොගෙයනව. <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 38 Chandraratne (n, surname): ච엊ද්‍රරතන candraratna Chandrasekara (n, surname): ච엊ද්‍රතොගෙස්සු රcandraseekara change (n): තොගෙවනස්සු venasa; ǒපයස්සු ය viparyaasaya, viparyaasa (syn ‘misfortune’, ‘perversion’, ‘revision’), cf ‘climate change’ If (there is) a change, I’ll tell (you) later: තොගෙවනස්සු 槊 뗒තොගෙයනවනම මම පස්සු තොගෙස්සු කය엊නම. BH28 change (vt, ir.): NPT-IND තොගෙවනස්සු රනවvenas karanavaa, PT venas kalaa, PP v. karalaa, IMP v. karanna S523 change (v., passive): NPT-IND තොගෙවනස්සු තොගෙවනවvenas venavaa, PT venas unaa, PP v. velaa, IMP v. venna S523 change (vt): NPT-IND ම රනව maaru karanavaa R25, PT m. kalaa, PP m. karalaa, IMP m. karanna S130 chant (vi, syn ‘mutter magical spells S): NPT-IND ම뗔රනව maturanavaa, PST mætiruvaa, PP maturalaa, IMP maturanna S313 character (n): චය caritaya (syn ‘personality’) charge money (vt): NPT-IND අය රනව aya karanavaa, PT a. kalaa, PP a. karalaa, IMP a. karanna. He didn’t charge me that much: mageŋ eccara aya keruve nææ. K112 How much do (you) charge? 槓ය槊 අය රනව ද? NeLC5 ‘charpoy’ (n): ඇඳ æňda, bed used especially in India consisting of a frame strung with tapes or light rope <1>, <2>, chase away (vt): NPT-IND ප엊නනව pannanavaa, PT pænuvaa, PP pannalaa, IMP pannanna S346; chase (vt): NPT-IND අඹනව am banavaa (syn ‘sculpture’), PT æm buvaa, PP am balaa, Father chases birds (that come to harm crops): අ퇊ප臊ච ස්සු ලතොගෙය අඹනව. (South-Eastern DIAL) JBD4:116 chat (v., intr.): NPT-IND ර ර ඉ엊නව kata kara [kərə] kara innavaa, PT k.k.k. unnaa S523; NPT-IND බහ රනව kataabaha k. chatty for cleaning rice (n): නය nææmbiliya C307, MAs8; kitchen equipment, clay or aluminum, to clean the rice from gravel <1>, cheap (adj.): බල laaba R23, ලභාෂාවල් දැනගන් laabha MAD, MB It’s very cheap: hari laabayi.AM cheaply (adv): ලතොගෙබට labeeTa R23 cheat (vt, syn. ‘deceive’): NPT-IND රවටනව ravaTTanavaa R21, PT ව鷊鷔ව rævæTTuvaa, PP ravaTTalaa, IMP ravaTTanna S381 cheer up (v): NPT-IND ස්සු 뗔鷔 රනව satuTu karanavaa CS (syn. ‘comfort’, ‘content’, ‘please’), PT s. kalaa, PP s. karalaa, IMP s. karanna ‘cheers’ (colloq, a valediction; act of bidding ‘farewell’; a leave-taking): සබප뗔ම, සබප뗔ම subapætum(a) ‘cheers!’, ‘luck!’ (idiom): වස්සු !නව엊 vaasanaavan cheese (n): චස්සු chiis (orig. Eng.), තොගෙ槊觔 keju (orig. Port. ‘quéijo’) brown cheese (n): 뷔 පට තොගෙ槊觔 dum buru paaTa keeju <1>, chemistry (n): rasaayana vidyaava ‘chena’ (n, Agric): තොගෙස්සු න** cheena, තොගෙහන* heena, PL heen; high jungle land cultivated at intervals chena cultivation (shifting c.): තොගෙහ엊 තොගෙǒන <1>; typology (i): ‘cotton chena’: kapu hen; ‘sugar cane chena’: uk hen; ‘sesame chena’: tala hen WIS10 typology (ii): land cleared out of large forest: ල엊 තොගෙහන; land cleared of small trees: අත දඬව තොගෙහන; land cleared of shrubs: ල췔 තොගෙහන; land cleared of creepers: නත තොගෙහන; chena land cultivated several times previously: 퇒鷒ය තොගෙහන WIS11 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 39 chest (n): ප퇔ව papuva Now for a few days my chest has been aching a bit: dæn davas kiipayak mage papuva Tika Tika ridenavaa. FGdS2:68 Chetty, Chettiar (n): තොගෙභාෂාවල් දැනගන්鷊鷒ය bheTTiyaa; i.e. title used by various mercantile castes in South India and Sri Lanka (Colombo) (lit. ‘selling merchandise and advertise those loudly’); Colombo Chetty are mostly converted to Roman Catholics or Anglicans and are found in almost all niches of Sri Lankan society <1>, chicken (n): 槔槔ල (මස්සු ) kukul mas, cf. ‘poultry farming’ chickenpox (n, Med, Norw ‘vannkopper’): පතොගෙපල pæpola , පතොගෙපල තොගෙරය MAD <1>, <2> The boy.DAT has chickenpox: තොගෙලලට පතොගෙපල. JBD4:71 chief (adj): ප්‍රධන pradhaana [prədhaanə] (syn ‘central’) S523; නය naayaka (syn ‘commanding’, ‘leader’) the chief monk.HON.PLn (syn ‘the chief prelate’. ‘the chief abbot’): නය හ뷔තොගෙව Chilaw (n): හලව halaavata child (n): ළමය lamayaa, PL lamay R1; lamayoo.LOC DC119; ‘lamayaa’ (Lit ‘child / boy / girl’, is also heard extended to refer to a subordinate in a shop (e.g. waiter, sales boy) K35; දව daruvaa (Lit ‘one’s own child’, ‘offspring’), PL daruvo; ප鷒ය pæTiyaa (colloq., syn ‘cub’) a toy of a child: ළමතොගෙය槔තොගෙග තොගෙස්සු ලලමබꗔව槊 children’s group: singithi havula children of ’56: panashaye daruvo (generation of the 1956 revolution of SWRD Bandaranaike) childhood (n): තොගෙපꗒ තොගෙල* poDi kaalee* <1>, 퇔ච තොගෙල puŋci kaale* NeLC3, ළම ලය** lamaa kaalaya** since childhood: තොගෙපꗒ තොගෙල ඉඳල Since childhood (I) collect stickers: poDikaalee iňdalaa ‘stickers’ ekatu karanavaa. <1>, I went for a Tamil class when I was young: මම 퇔ච තොගෙල තොගෙදමල ඉතොගෙන엊න ප엊뗒යට 燒ය. NeLC3 chilli (n): ස්සු miris (Capsicum anunum L.) <1> dried chilli flakes (= chilli pieces): miris kææli chilli powder: miris kuDu <1> green chilli: amu miris <1> hot fish curry made without coconut milk: miris maalu these raw chilli really strong: mee amu miris hari særayi.AM: chisel (n, Norw ‘meisel’): 엒යන niyana, PL niyan Chitra (n, F name): චත්‍රත්‍ර‍ citraa; චතර තොගෙස්සු මපල <1> chocolate (n): තොගෙචල鷊 chokalaT [ʧɔkǝlǝt]; tɔkko (CDS, child directed speech) choose (vt): NPT-IND තොගෙර 엊නව, PT tooraa gattaa S524, PP t. gena**, IMP t. ganna! S127 Choose one! Ekak tooraaganna! S524 (You) can choose a good book: hoňda pot tooraa ganna puluvani. FGdS120 choose (v): tooranavaa R19, cf. ‘select’ Christian (adj): කකස්සු‍ 뗔 kristu, කකස්සු‍ 뗒ය엒 kristiyaani The wife is Christian.LOC: තොගෙනන ආතොගෙම; The children are Christian: දතොගෙව ආමරතොගෙය. JBD4:118 Christmas (n): නතල nattala, නතල nattalee (orig. Port. ‘natal’) Merry Christmas to everyone: ස්සු. මට DAT සභාෂාවල් දැනගන් නතල槊තොගෙNJව Christmas Eve: නතල 뷒නට තොගෙපර 뷒න Christmas tree: නතල හ Chrysanthemum segetum L. (Bot., Eng. ‘corn marigold’): 퇔 මල kapuru mal <1>, Chukrasia tabularis (Bot, medicinal pl, syn ‘Burmese almondwood’): හල හ槊 hulaŋ hik <1>, <2>, chummery (n): chamari; male boarding house English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 40 church (n): පලය palliya; තොගෙ뷊වස්සු ථනය deevasthaanaya <1> cicada (Norw. ‘sikade’): හයය ræhæyiyaa <1>, cigar (n): ස鷊鷔ව suruTTuva, GEN suruTTuve, PL suruTTu FGdS13, cigarette (n): biiDi; small cheap hand-made c.; සතොගෙර鷊鷔ව sigareTTuva, GEN sigareTTuve, PL sigareTTu; බට* baTa ‘Shall we have a smoke?’ (colloq): බටය槊 හද? baTayak gahamuda? <1> Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presi (Bot, Eng. ‘Camphor tree’): 퇔 槔췔 kapuru kuruňdu <1>, <2>, cinnamon (n, Cinnamomum verum): 槔췔 kuruňdu <1>, <2>, <3>, <4>, <5>, cinnamon tapers’, soldiers’ and weavers’ caste (n): ස්සු ලම 槔ලය salaagama kulaya <1>, circle (n, inanim.): රǔම rauma, PL රǔම raum, rauŋ (syn. adj ‘round’) Cissampelos pareira L (Bot., medicinal pl, Eng ‘Velvet leaf’): 뷒යත diyamitta <1>, <2>, <3>, cistern, cf. tank citizen (n): 퇔රවසය puravæsiya, PL puravæsiyoo citronella grass, cf. Cymbopogon nardus citrus (n): … Citrus maxima (Bot): ජමතොගෙබල <1>, city (n): නවර nuvara R8, නරය nagaraya S524 class (n): ප엊뗒ය, ප뗒ය pantiya, PL ප뗒 panti R18 (syn. ‘grade’, ‘lesson’) You have classes today, don’t you? oyaaTa ada panti tiyenavaa needa? NeLC There are three Sinhala classes in this school: mee iskolee.LOC sinhala panti tunak tiyenavaa / innavaa. <1> Many children go to that class: ඒ ප뗒යට ළමය හයට යනව. CS classmates (n, colloq): ප엊뗒තොගෙය엊 තොගෙඩ槊 අය* <1>, classroom (n): panti kaamara SP1:147, pantiya MAs5 clay (n, syn. mould, earth): ම鷒 mæTi; cf. ‘stupid’ clay plaster / plastering: ම鷒 පරව mæTi kaparaaruva <1>, <2>, special clay for the wattle-and-daub construction, giving walls a whitish finish once completed: ම槔ᗔ ම鷒 makulu mæTi (lit ‘spider clay’; syn ‘pipe clay’) <1> clean (adj): 퇒ස뷔 pirisudu R17 clean (vt): NPT-IND 퇒ස뷔 රනව / 퇒ස췔 රනව, PT p. kalaa, PP , IMP S524 clean (vt, syn ‘clear’): NPT-IND ස뷊ද රනව sudda karanavaa, PT s. kalaa, PP s. karalaa, PLUP s. karalaa tiyunaa, IMP s. karanna When the master came home, Banda had cleaned the estate: mahattayaa gedara ena koTa baŋDaa vatta suddakaralaa tiyunaa. FGdS360 Father is going to clean the garden very early in the morning: ත උතොගෙද엊ම වත ස뷊ද ර엊ඩය ය엊තොගෙන. CS clear (vt): cf. ‘clean’ Clearing of estate is finished: වත ස뷊ද රල ඉවරය. CS clear (adj): පහ뷒 pæhædili S462 make clear (vt, syn. clarify, demonstrate, define): NPT-IND පහ뷒 රනව pæhædili karanavaa, PT p. kalaa, PP p. karalaa, IMP p. karanna become clear (vi): NPT-IND පහ뷒 තොගෙවනව pæhædili venavaa, PT p. unaa, PP p. velaa, IMP p. venna clearly (adv): පහ뷒ව pæhædiliva SdS32 clergy (n, the Buddhist): saŋgha ‘the forest dwellers’: vanavaasi ‘the village dwellers’: graamavaasi clerk (n): 퇒ව lipikaruvaa, PL lipikaru, cf. ‘letter’ English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 41 Clerodendrum infortunatum,Clerodendrum viscosum, Volkameria infortunata, C. serratum (Hill Glory- Bower) (Bot., 1-2 m high shrub): pinna, gas-pinna, kalupinna; pinna leaves (pinna kola) are used to wrap ‘hælapa’, a flat cake made of ‘kurakkan’ (Eleusine coracana) <1>, clever (adj): හප엊 hapan R14, ද槊ෂ dakşa clever person: dakşayaa ‘clever and smart’ (adj, idiom): daksa-paksa, Lit’clever + loyal’ DC86 can very well / is good in: හ ද槊ෂය. CS cleverness, skill (n): ද槊ෂ dakşataa DC84 Clidemia hirta L. (Bot., invasive shrub at Sinharaja, also called ‘Koster’s Curse’): kata kalu bowitiya. <1>, climate (n): c. eka; තොගෙ뷊ශ燔ණය deeshagunaya [deeshəgunəyə] S524 climate change (n): තොගෙ뷊ශ燔ණ ǒපයස්සු ය deshagunika viparyaasaya The national climate change policy of Sri Lanka.GEN: ශශ‍ ලතොගෙNJ තොගෙ뷊ශ燔ණ ǒපයස්සු 퇒ᗒබඳ ජ뗒 ප්‍රප්‍ර뗒පත뗒ය‍ climb (vt): NPT-IND න緒නව naňginavaa R8A29, R9A20, PT næggaa, PP nægalaa, IMP naginDa SP3:28; climb (vt, syn. ‘get into’, ‘get on’, ‘ascend’) NPT-IND න燒නව naginavaa, PT næggaa, PP nægalaa, IMP naginna! GER න燓ම S280, PRES.CON næga næga innavaa (is climbing) SP1:111, climber (n): න燒엊න naginnaa climbing trees (v.adj., colloq): ස්සු යන එgas yana eka K88; Isn’t climbing trees difficult: ස්සු යන එ අම න뷊ද? Yes (lit. ‘no’), it is difficult: න අමය clock (n): ඔතොගෙලසව, (ඔරතොගෙලසව), orloosuva R15, alarm clock: elaam orloosuva MAs321, ීන ඔරතොගෙලසව siinu o. MAD close (vt, syn.’shut’, ‘turn off’, ‘lock’): NPT-IND වහනව vahanavaa, PT væhuvaa R13, PP vahalaa, IMP vahanna SP3:29, S277, PRES.CON vaha vaha innavaa (is closing) SP1:111, (They) close the office at four: kantooruva vahanne.FUT hataraTa. FGdS160 Today I closed the old road: mama ada parana paara væhuvaa. FGdS246 Shut up! (Lit ‘mouth - shut!’): ට වහ엊න! close (vi, i.e. ‘be closed’): NPT-IND වතොගෙහනව væhenavaa SP3:29, PT væhunaa, PP væhilaa, IMP væhenna S286 cloth (n): redda, PL redi (means often the ‘white national dress’) R16; ඇ췔ම ææňduma, PL ඇ췔ම make clothes (vt): mahanavaa cloud (n): වලව valaava, PL valaa; වල槔ළ valaakula, PL valaakulu; cf. Nilwala Ganga The blue sky has been filled with dark clouds: nil ahasee aňduru valaakulu pirilaa. SG Today it’s cloudy (Lit‘today clouds are’): අද වල槔 뗒තොගෙයනව. <1> clove (Bot., spices Eugenia caryophyllis or Syzgium aromaticum): රන鷒 karaam bunæTi <1>, ර� න뗒 <2> coat (n): kooT-eka R23, GEN kooT-ekee cobra (n): නය nayaa, PL නය naya <1>; නය naagayaa, PL nayi Father went to see the man whom the snake bit: taatta nayaa gahapu.PT-REL minihaava.ACC balanna giyaa. H48 The snake and the viper hate each other (prov): නයය තොගෙපලඟය හම වයරය. <1> Cocculus hirsutus L (Bot, medicinal pl): 귔 鷒ය වල lunu kæTiya væl <1>, <2>, <3>, cock (n): 槔槔ළ kukulaa R25, PL kukulu (also a flirtious male person, ‘womanizer’) construct (v): NPT-IND නනව tananavaa, PT , PP , IMP , the newly built ship: අ න퇔 නව JBD4:533 craftsman (n): බස්සු උ엊නහ baas unnæhæ (syn. ‘mechanic’, ‘carpenter’) CS cuckoo (n): තොගෙහ kohaa, PL තොගෙතොගෙහ kohoo (e.g. Eudynamys scolopaceus) <1>, <2>, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 42 cockroach (n, Norw. ‘kakerlakk’): රතොගෙපත kærapottaa, PL kærapottoo <1>, <2>, coconut (n): pol R15d, R22, තොගෙපල තොගෙꗒය pol geDiya, GEN pol geDiye, Cocos nucifera L. <1> coconut-tree: තොගෙපල හ pol gaha; coconut oil: තොගෙපල තොගෙල pol tel <1>, <2>; coconut husk: තොගෙපල ල pol læli; coconut scraper: හරමනය hiramanaya [hirəmənee] <1> young coconut: වවර væævara geDiya (Ru DIAL), kurumbaa hoovæævara, væævaraya; tender coconut: 槔ඹ kurumba (Western DIAL) king coconut:  තොගෙꗒය tæmbili, i.e. an orange-skinned coconut whose water is specially refreshing; bunch of king coconuts: ම� වලල槊; water coconut (Nypa fruticans L.): gin pol <1> scrape coconut (vt): තොගෙපල නව; Mother scrapes coconut with the coconut scraper: ammaa hiramanen.INST polgaanavaa SP2:13 coconut shell (pol kaTuva) for wooden spoon: pol kaTu hænda Mother served rice with the coconut-shell spoon.INST: ammaa pol kaTu hænden bat beduvaa. coconut soup (curry): kiri hodda; coconut copra, cf. ‘copra’; coconut coir, cf. ‘coir’ coffee (n): තොගෙ퇒 koopi R22 coffee with milk: kiri koopi; coffee powder: koopi kuDu coin (n): සය kaasiya, PL kaasi Do you have a five-rupee coin? ඔය ළඟ 퇒යල පතොගෙහ සය槊 뗒යනවද? <1> coir (n): තොගෙහ, i.e. තොගෙපලතොගෙලව엊 ලතොගෙබන තොගෙහ <1>, <2>, <3>, <4>, cold (adj): ී siita, ීල* siitala, ᇓල hiitala R25; I’m cold.AM: maTa hiitalayi. My hand got cold: mage ata hiitala unaa. R25:206 It’s cold.AM: siitalayi cold (n, s.DAT): තොගෙභාෂාවල් දැනගන්ම�ස්සුස්සුව hembirissaava R31; s.DAT when disease last for a short spell JBD4:70 Doctor, I have a cold, headache and cough: dostara mahattayo, maTa hembirissavaayi, hisee kækkumayi, kæssayi tiyenavaa. NeLC4 Coleus amboinicus (Bot.): 퇊පරවලය kapparavaliya <1>, <2>, <3>, Coleus rotundifolius (Bot.): ඉ엊නල innala <1>, <2>, collapse (v., passive): NPT-IND ඩ වතොගෙටනව kaDaa væTenavaa, PT kaDaa væTunaa The building collapsed: තොගෙඩන燒ලල ඩ ව鷔න. collect (vt, ir, syn. ‘gather’, ‘add’): NPT-IND ස්සු රනවræs karanavaa, PT r. kalaa, PP r. karalaa, IMP r. karanna S130 collect (vt): NPT-IND එ뗔 රනව ekatu karanavaa, PT e. kalaa, PP e. karalaa, IMP e. karanna Chitra collected money from the children: Chitra lamayigen.ABL salli ekatu kalaa.<1> be collected (vi): NPT-IND එ뗔 තොගෙවනව ekatu venavaa, PT e. unaa, PP e. velaa, IMP e. venna collective farm (n, governmental-initiated): janavaasa collective farm (n, i.e. communal farm in Pallegama): ස්සු හ තොගෙǒපළ samuuha govipala [samuuha govipalə]; samuuha (Sanskrit): assemblage, number, multitude C667, refers to a collectivity produced in the spirit of community and service; samuuhaya: crowd; samudra (Sanskrit, Hindi): the ocean college (n): koliijiya, e.g. ‘Royal College’, i.e. ‘high school’; ǒදදලය‍ ** vidyaale*, PL vidyaala collide (vi, passive, syn. ‘clash’): NPT-IND හ퇊තොගෙපනව hæppenavaa R23, PT hæppunaa, PP hæppilaa, IMP hæppenna S351 One of their lorries has had an accident. එයලතොගෙ තොගෙලය槊 හ퇊퇒ල. <1> Chitra accidentally strikes.ANTIC.IND her bicycle against (the fence): Chitra atin baisikəle hæppenəwa DC108 collide with (v, syn. ‘joint’, ‘strike against’): හ퇊පනව happanavaa R23 colloquial (adj): වවහර (lit ‘customary’, ‘ordinary’, ‘applied’); ථ රන භාෂාවල් දැනගන්ෂව colloquial Sinhala: වවහර සහල භාෂාවල් දැනගන්ෂව, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 43 Colocasia esculenta (Linn.) Schott (Bot, Eng. ‘Taro’): හල gahala <1> Colombo : තොගෙළඹ kolam ba [kolǝm bǝ] R8 native of Colombo: kolam bayaa [kolǝm bǝya] colonise (v): NPT-IND වසය엊 ප뷒ච රනව væsiyan padiŋci karanavaa; cf ‘depopulate’ colour (n): paaTa R5, R11A7, R26A39 ‘colour of a robe’: sivuru paaTa; the orange coloured robes of Buddhist monks What colour is this shirt? තොගෙම ෂට එ තොගෙමන පට ද? FSI2:58 colour (v): NPT-IND පට රනව paaTa karanavaa R14, PT p. kalaa, PP p. karalaa, IMP p. karanna! colourful (adj., syn. ‘of different colours’): paaTapaaTa* S525, DC90 discoloured (adj): avapaaTa MAs319 Colpetty (n): 퇒ටතොගෙ鷔ව piTakoTuva comb (n): පනව panaava S525, PL පන comb (vt): NPT-IND 퇓රනව piiranavaa, PT piiruvaa, PP piiralaa, IMP piiranda SP3:30 Chitra combed her hair (reflexive): citra konDe piira gattaa. DC138 combine (vt): NPT-IND ස්සු මබ엊ධ රනව sambandha karanavaa, PT s. kalaa S525 combine (vi) NPT-IND ස්සු මබ엊ධ තොගෙවනව sambandha venavaa, PT s. unaa S525 come (vi): NPT-IND එනව enavaa R1, R15A10, PT. aavaa R5, PP ævit / ævillaa / ævidin R15, IMP enna / IMP varen! (impolite) R15b, GER eema, PRES.CON emin innavaa (is coming) SP1:111, FUT.COND aavot S123, FUT.XXX eevi, ආ퇒 (i.e. came unexpectedly), FUT එය (2, 3; conveying future uncertainty) What shall we do if Pamela came.FUT.COND? Paamelaa aavot mokada karannee? S143 Pamela is coming. Doesn’t matter even if she came.ACT.INDEP: paamelaa enavaa. aavat kamak nææ. (He) is likely to come home about five: pahaTa vitara gedara eevi. FGdS165 I gave the book to Nimal when he came.ACT.DEP: nimal aavaama mama pota dunnaa. S143 ‘nikaŋ aavaa’: (I) came for no particular reason. Common utterance even if one has a burning issue to discuss. <1> He will come tomorrow (probably): එය තොගෙහට ඒǒ NeLC5 not come: no-enavaa = neenavaa S150 not came: no-aavaa = naavaa S150, naave R5 not having come (adv, i.e. ‘without coming’): නǒත næævit R15, næævillaa S150 does not come (adj., i.e. ‘not coming’): තොගෙ엊엊තොගෙන neenne R5, තොගෙ엊න neenna S150 don’t come! එ엊තොගෙ엊 න ennee nææ, [එ엊න] ennææ S142 Who are the children who bathed / did not come yesterday? iiyee naapu lamayi kavuda? S150 There are only ones that came, but no one who ate: ආ퇔 ස්සු 槊 퇔 තොගෙතොගෙන槊 න. <1> ‘Please come here’ (lit. ‘(It would be nice) if you came here’): mehaaTa aavaa naŋ. DC256 ‘come on!’ (colloq, lit. ‘father’, conveys a sense of disbelief): අ퇊තොගෙප臊ච appocci! FSI2:183 comfort (vt, syn ‘console’, ‘cheer’, ‘soothe’): NPT-IND ස්සු නස්සු නව sanasanavaa CS, PT comfortable (adj): පහස pahasu (syn. ‘easy’); ස්සු ප (syn ‘happy’) Tell (me) what day suits (to you): පහස දවස්සු 槊 කය엊ඩ තොගෙ. CS comma (n): cf ‘decimal’ commerce (n): තොගෙවළඳම velaňdaama become committed (v): ප තොගෙවනව (syn ‘be devoted’, We’re committed to developing this country: අ퇒 තොගෙම රට 뷒귔 ර엊න ප තොගෙවල ඉ엊නව. <1> committee (n): 鷔ව kamiTuva, commodity (n): බꗔව baDuva, PL baDu the shop where Ranjit buys.NPT-REL his commodities: ranjit baDu ganna kaDee. DC131 common (adj): තොගෙප뷔 podu S525 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 44 community (n): 퇊රජව prajaava CS community hall (n, e.g. Sarvodaya): ප්‍රජ ශලව prajaa şaalaava community leadership training course (n): 퇔හ귔 පඨමලව desati pujaaseevaka puhunu paaṭhamaalaa company (n): තොගෙමප엒ය kompæniya (orig. Eng.); ස්සු මම samaagama S525 compassion (n): ණව karunaava; cf. ‘kindly’ having shown compassion (Lit ‘compassion-doing’): karunaa-karalaa (not used as frequently as 'please' in English) R7 comparative degree (grammar): expressed by adding vaDaa (væDiya) to the adverb; cf. ‘more’ This boy works better than that boy: mee lamayaa ee lamayaaTa vaDaa hoňDaTa væDa karanavaa. DG44 compare (v, intr.): NPT-IND ස්සු ස්සු ඳනවsasaňdanavaa (syn. reconcile), PT sæsaňduvaa, PP , IMP , comparison (grammar): K180 near, nearer, nearest: ළඟ, වꗒතොගෙය ළඟ, වꗒයම ළඟ/ළඟම compartment (n): peTTiya R24 compete (v): taraga karanavaa, PT. taranga keruvaa complain (v., intr.): NPT-IND පණ රනව pæmilini karanavaa, PT p. kalaa, PP p. karalaa, IMP p. karanaa I have to make a complaint: maTa pæminillak karanna oona. NeLC8 complaint (n): පණලල pæminilla, PL pæminili NeLC8 compost (n): තොගෙමතොගෙපස්සු 鷊 kompoosT competition (n): tarage; රඟය taraňgaya; ද槊ෂය? dakşaya (orig. ‘clever’) 'compound' (n): 뷔ල midula R24, ව 뷔ල open space in front of a house, area surrounding a house, a small courtyard covered with sand; temple compound (Budd.): මᗔව maluva <1>, <2>; concerning (prep): න gæna R23; ස්සු මබ엊ධවsambandhava FGdS2:68 The best doctor for chest ailments is dr. Handy: papuve amaaru sambandava hoňdama dostara tamayi DokTa hænDi. FGdS2:68 condiment (n, syn. spice, Norw. ‘krydder’): 槔ᗔබꗔ kulubaDu <1> conduct (v, syn. ‘hold’): NPT-IND පවතනව pavattanavaa confuse (v, tr): NPT-IND පටලනව paTalanavaa, PT pæTaluvaa, PP paTalavalaa, IMP paTalavanda [paTəlavandə] SP3:32 confuse (v, intr): NPT-IND pæTalenavaa SP3:32 connect (v, tr): NPT-IND ස්සු මබ엊ධ රනව sambandha karanavaa, PT s. kalaa, PP , IMP connect (vt, syn. ‘join’): NPT-IND ඈදනව æædanavaa DC67/ ඈඳනව ææňdanavaa S416, PT ææduvaa / ææňduvaa be connected (vi, syn. ‘be joint’): NPT-IND ææňdenavaa, PT ææňdunaa S416 connection (n): ස්සු මබ엊ධය sambandhaya S526 I am not involved in this (lit ‘no a connection to this’): මම තොගෙමට ස්සු මබ엊ධය槊 නහ. <1> consciousness (Bud.): ǒඤඤණය viññaana consider (vt): cf. ‘think’ He is considering a new job: එය අᗔත රස්සු ස්සු ව槊 න හනව. <1> considerably (adj, syn ‘reasonably’): ස්සු තොගෙහ엊න sææhenna K85, People who live here have land to a considerable extent: mehe inna ayaTa sææhenna iDaŋ tiyenavaa. K85 console (vt, syn ‘appease’, ‘quiet’, ‘comfort’): NPT-IND ස්සු නස්සු ව sanasanavaa, PT sænasuvaa, PP sanasalaa, IMP sanasanna S309, cf ‘quarrel’ consonantal sign: alkiriima R3s; cf ‘stroke’ consonant sounds: (Lit ත්‍ර槊ෂරය) gaataakshara SP1:4 constitution (n, law): වවස්සු ථවvyavasthaava English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 45 construct (v, tr): NPT-IND නනව tananavaa, PT tænuvaa, PP tanalaa, IMP tananda SP3:33 construct (v, intr): NPT-IND tænenavaa construction (n): 엒ම, 엓ම tæniima contents (n, ‘of a book’): ස්සු 엊දහ sandahaŋ continue to (v): NPT-IND රතොගෙන යනව karagena [kərəgenə] yanavaa R23, PT k. giyaa, PP , IMP , S526 contract (n): තොගෙ엊ත්‍රත්‍රත뗔ව‍ kontraatuva (Port. ‘contráto’) converse (v): බස්සු රනව kataa bas karanavaa Conyza bonariensis L. (Bot., medicinal plant): සදන sudana <1>, convince (v., passive, i.e. ‘be convinced’): NPT-IND පහතොගෙදනව pæhædenavaa, PT pæhædunaa, PP pæhædilaa, IMP pæhædenna S381 cook (n): තොගෙකය kookiyaa S526; 槔ස්සු ස අමම kussi ammaa (i.e. ‘kitchen maid’) cook (vt): NPT-IND උයනව uyanavaa, PT ivuvaa/ ඉNJව ivvaa R12, PP uyalaa, IMP uyanda/uyanna SP3:34 / S298 GER iviima, mother is cooking: ammaa kææma uyanavaa SG If mother had cooked, I could have eaten: අමම උයල 뗒�න නම මට 엊ඩ 뗒�න. <1> cooking (v.adj.) oil: uyana.VA tel DC51 Mary cooks breakfast (for others): තොගෙම උතොගෙ뷊 ම උයල තොගෙදනව. FSI2:211 cook (vi): NPT-IND 퇒හනව pihanavaa [pihǝnǝva GP5], PT pissaa R24b, PP , IMP make cook (v. INV): pihavanavaa cool (adj): සසල sisil coolie (n): 槔රය koliikaarayaa, i.e. ‘worker’, ‘labourer’ cooperative (n): ස්සු පරය samuupakaaraya Some people sell paddy to the cooperative: samahara aya vii samuupakaarayaTa vikunanavaa. FSI:2:263 copra (n): තොගෙ퇊පර koppraa (i.e. dried meat, or kernel, of the coconut) <1>, <2>, copy (n): 퇒ටප piTapata [piTəpatə], PL piTapat; තොගෙ퇒ය kopiya (orig. Eng.) copy (v): 퇒ටපත රනව piTapat karanavaa coral reef (n): තොගෙරල පරය koral para [koralparə] <1>; හල hirigala, PL හල CS <1>, There is a beautiful coral reef at Hikkaduwa: hikkaDuve lassana koralpara tiyenavaa NeLC12 Corchorus olitorius (Bot., jute): තොගෙ엒 gooni core (n): මද (syn. ‘kernel’) coriander: තොගෙතමල kottamalli, Coriandrum sativum L. <1>, <2>, corner (n): handiya, GEN handiye, PL handi; ලල mulla, PL  mulu Go to that corner: ara handiyaTa yanna. FGdS39 correct (adj): හ hari* R10(A24), R31A7, 엒වර뷒 niværadi S526 correct (vt): NPT-IND 엒වර뷒 රනව niværadi karanavaa, PT n. kalaa, PP , IMP , S526 a correction (rectification): 엒වර뷒 කම槊 SG doing correct Sinhala: සහ엊 엒වර뷒 රනව, i.e. correcting bad grammar (spoken) by using written grammatical forms (hela bhasava) correct (vt, syn ‘put right’, ‘repair’): NPT-IND හස්සු ස්සු නවharigassanavaa R21, PT harigæssuvaa, PP harigassalaa, IMP harigassanna S346 correctly (adv): හයට hariyaTa Coscinium fenestratum L. (Bot., Menispermacea, medicinal plant): තොගෙව엒වල venivæl (woody stem used to treat tetanus) <1>, <2>, තොගෙව엒වල ට <3>, තොගෙව엒වල 퇒 ශය <4>, cost (v), cf. ‘how much’ cost (n): ǒයදම viyadama (syn. ‘expenditure’, ‘costs’, ‘expense’), gaastuva; 퇒වය pirivæya The cost of living is very high nowadays: තොගෙම දවස්සු වල 觓වන ǒයදම හ ස්සු රය. <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 46 Don’t incur too much expenses: හඟ槊 ǒයදම ර엊න එප. MAs171 capital cost: ප්‍රගධන 퇒වය; fixed c.: ස්සු ථවර 퇒වය; indirect c.: වක්‍ර 퇒වය, අ엒යම 퇒වය; labour c.: ශ්‍රම 퇒වය; marginal c.: ආ엊뗒 퇒වය; material c.: ද්‍රව 퇒වය; operating c.: තොගෙමතොගෙහම 퇒වය; opportunity c.: ආවස්සු 맒 퇒වය; overhead c.: තොගෙප뷔 ය 퇒වය; variable c.: ǒචල 퇒වය; Costus speciosus L. (Bot., medicinal plant): tebu (leaves) cot (n): තොගෙ鷒ලල , toTilla, PL තොගෙ鷒 toTili (syn. ‘cradle’, ‘hammock’ for babies) <1>, <2>, cottage (n): 槔鷒ය kuTiya (syn ‘cabin’, ‘dwelling’), PL kuTi; තොගෙල엊 槔鷒ය <1>; පල pæla (syn ‘hut’, ‘shanti’) <2> cotton (Bot. Gossypium transvaalense, G. arboretum): 퇔 kapu <1>, <2> cough (n): ස්සු ස්සුkæssa He.DAT has a cough: eyaaTa kæssa. JBD4:70 (s.DAT when disease lasts for a short spell) He.ACC? has a cough yet: එයව වම ස්සු ස්සු 뗒තොගෙයනව. <1> cough (v): NPT-IND හනව (සනව) kahinavaa, PT kæssaa, PP kæhælaa, IMP kahinna S283 (I) cough all night long: ᗔ ම හනව. <1> could be (v): තොගෙව엊න 퇔ᗔව엊 venna puluvan; ඉඩ 뗒තොගෙයනව iDa tiyenavaa (lit. ‘there is a chance’) could also be: vennat puluvan BH29 Could it rain today? අද වහ엊න 퇔ව엊ද / ඉඩ 뗒තොගෙයනවද? Lunch couldn't be ready before 2 o'clock (lit. ‘The chance is poor/minus/less for prepared lunch before 2 o’clock’): දවල ම 2 ට 엊 ලස්සු 뗒 තොගෙව엊න ඉඩ අꗔය. <1> ‘could it be?’ (i.e. ‘could it be that X did it?’, expressing doubt): -වත -vat K238 Could it be that he wrote this letter? එය තොගෙම ම NJව වතද? Could it be he who wrote this letter? එයවත තොගෙම ම NJවද? Could it be this letter that he wrote? එය NJතොගෙව තොගෙම මවත? council (n): ස්සු භාෂාවල්දැනගන්ව; e.g. provincial councils (lit ‘local councils’): පළත ස්සු භාෂාවල්දැනගන්; cf. ‘village council’ count (v, tr): NPT-IND ණනව ganinavaa, PT gænnaa, PP gænalaa, IMP ganinda SP3:36; NPT-IND ණ엊 රනව ganaŋ karanavaa country (n): රට raTa, PL raTaval R29; තොගෙ뷊ශය deeshaya S243 I’m travelling to Peter’s country: Peterge.GEN raTa.DAT mama yanavaa SG countryside (n): තොගෙඩතොගෙ鷊 DoTee, i.e. small villages situated far away from the urban; cf. ‘rural’ country life: 퇒鷒ස්සු ර 觓ǒතොගෙත piTisara jiivitee FGdS273 course (n., syn. educational programme): පඨමලව paaṭhamaalaava, cf. ‘programme’ curd: kiri; මර  ක Maatara mii kiri, buffalo curd of Matara <1>, <2>, cousin (n): මස්සු සන massinaa (W); ᇖර huuraa (RR DIAL) JBD4:144 cross-cousin: නන næænaa (female cross-cousin); මස්සු සන massinaa (syn ‘brother-in- law’/male cross-cousin) court (n): අ쇒රණය adhikaranaya supreme court (n): මහ쇒රණය mahaadhikaranaya (lit ’high court’) courtyard: 뷔ල midula, PL midul <1> internal (square) courtyard or small interior garden: මද 뷔ල mæda midula; මද i.e. ‘in the middle’, ‘centre’, ‘between’ be covered: වතොගෙහනව? væhenavaa R28, cf. ‘close’ / ‘be closed’ R28A14, cow (n., anim.): එළතොගෙදන eladena, PL eladennu S527 <1>, cow dung (n): තොගෙම goma, එළතොගෙම elagoma <1>, <2>, cow milk: එළ ක ela kiri MAs45 cowpea (n, Bot Vigna unguiculata): NJ퇒 kavpi <1>, <2>; cf. ‘Vigna’ coward (wimp): බය燔ලල bayagullaa (colloq) MM23, PL bayagulloo; cf ‘fear’ (baya) English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 47 crab (n): 槔ᗔව kakuluvaa, PL kakuluvoo <1>; 槊槔鷊ට kakkuTTa, PL 槊槔鷊තොගෙට <2> crane (n): තොගෙ kokaa, PL kokku; e.g. Asian Openbill (Anastomus oscitans)තොගෙබලල엊 තොගෙ <1> craving (Budd.): හව tanhaava, PL හ tanhaa (also meaning ‘thirst’, ‘desire’, ‘greed’, ‘lust’, ‘attachment’) craving (n, e.g. pregnancy longings, called ‘dola-duka’): තොගෙදළ뷔 doladuka; cf. Obeysekere <1>; තොගෙදළ뷔 ඇ뗒Ǔම <2>; crazy (adj): 퇒ස්සු සpissu, උ엊මද unmaada (syn. Eng ‘moody’) I.ACC might go crazy: maava pissu veevi; The man drove me.ACC crazy, too: minihaa maavat pissu keruvaa. create: æti karanavaa R19 credit (n): ණය naya Because Gunapala buys on credit, I’m short of money: gunapaala nayaTa ganna nisaa maTa salli higayi.AM. FGdS213 creep (v): NPT-IND නව riŋganavaa, PT riŋguvaa [riŋgua], PP , IMP riŋganna the hole that the cobra crept.PT-REL into: nayaa riŋgua [riŋguǝ] gula DC132 creeper (n, Bot): වල væla, PL වල Creepers hung (down) from the tree: වල තොගෙහ එලල 뗒�න. <1> crib (infant crib): tortilla cricket: කක鷊‍ krikaT, ප엊뷔 කකඩව‍ ** pandu kriDaava They play cricket: ඒ අය ක鷊 හනව. They played cricket: ඒ අය කක鷊‍ හව. <1> (play cricket: ප엊뷔 හනව pandu gahanavaa CS) crime: අපරධය aparaadhee R21, PL අපරධ aparaadha GK27 Crinum asiaticum (Bot., ‘spider lilly’, ‘Grand crinum lilly’): තොගෙලතොගෙබ tolaboo <1> Crinum bulbispermum Burm.f. (Bot., medicinal): තොගෙඩ මතොගෙනල goDa maanel <1>, crisis (n): අ�දය** arbudaya, අ�ධය* arbudhaya S243 criticize: ǒතොගෙNJචනය රනව viveechanee karanavaa While working, Gunee critizied Siri: væDa karana gaman, Gunee atiŋ Siriva viveechanee kerunaa. criticism: viveechanava crocodile (Saltwater c., Crocodylus porosus L): M කල æli-kim bulaa, F kim buli; inhabits the Nilwala River <1> ,<2>, crop (n): තොගෙබ, තොගෙබතොගෙ booge, PL booga K89 kinds, varieties of small, minor crops: සᗔ තොගෙබ ව sulu booga varga minor export crops: සᗔ අපනයන තොගෙබ <1>, cross (Rel.): 槔ස්සු ය kurusaya, 槔සය kurusiya (orig. Port. ‘crúz’) <1>, crow (n): 퇔ට kapuTaa, PL kapuToo; 槊 kaakka* (CDS, child directed speech), PL kaakkoo <1> The fox took the piece of cheese from the crow: nariyaa kapuTaagen.ABL keeju kæælla gattaa. <1>, crow: aňDalanavaa R25B, R26 crowd (n): තොගෙස්සු නඟ** senaga* many people: huňgak senaga FGdS312 cruel (adj): න퇔 napuru R17 (syn. ‘fierce’, ‘wicked’), kruura R15 crush (v, tr): NPT-IND තොගෙපꗒ රනව poDi karanavaa R14, PT p. kalaa, PP p. karalaa, IMP p. karanna!, cry (n): aňDa R24; cf. shout, call cry (v, tr, VOL): NPT-IND අඬනව aňDanavaa, PT ඇඬව æňDuvaa, PP aňDalaa, IMP aňDanda, GER ඇ뇓ම (i.e. crying) SP3:38, PRES.CON aňDa aňDa innavaa (is crying) SP1:111 crying.VA child: aňDana lamayaa DC51 having cried (incessantly): aňDalaa aňDalaa DC90 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 48 With the son crying.PRES.CON, how can one read? putaa aňDa aňDa kohoma da kiyavanavaa? JWG3:124 get to cry (vi, INV): NPT-IND ඇතොගෙඬනව æňDenavaa, Ranjit cannot help but cry: RanjitTa.DAT ænDenavaa pretending to cry (v) cf. ‘pretend’ Cryptocarya membranacea (Bot.): tawwenna Cryptocoryne spiralis (Retz.) (Bot., medicinal): අ뗒උඩය엊 atiuDayan <1> ??? Cuculus passerinus (bird, order Picariea): kohaa cucumber (Bot. Cucumis sativus, Norw. ‘agurk’): 퇒퇒ඤඤ pipiñña (orig. Port. ‘pepíno’) <1>, <2>; cucumber salad: 퇒퇒ඤඤ ස්සු ලදය <3>, Cucumis melo (Bot., alt. Cucumis callosus, cantaloupe, Norw. ‘musk-melon’: තොගෙ엊 ක gon kækiri (Lit ox melon) <1>, <2>, cf. ‘melon’

Cullenia rosayroana (Bot, sub-canopy TRF tree): katamoda <1>, cultivate (v, tr): (1) NPT-IND තොගෙǒ엊 රනව govitæn karanavaa (syn. ‘farm’), PT g. kalaa, PP g. karalaa, IMP g. karanna; (2) NPT-IND ව රනව vagaa karanavaa, PT v. kalaa, PP v. karalaa, IMP v. karanna S527 Do all people with land in your village cultivate? gamee iDam tiyena.NPT-REL okkoma aya vagaa karanavaada? NeLC14 cultivate a paddy field (vt, syn prepare/improve/till a paddy field): NPT-IND අස්සු ව뷊දනව asvaddanavaa C59, S411, i.e. a paddy field, PT asvædduvaa, PP asvaddalaa, IMP asvaddanna, GER අස්සු ව뷊뷓ම asvæddiima <1>; cf. ‘asweddumize’ cause to cultivate a paddy field (v): NPT-IND අස්සු ව뷊දවනව asvaddavanavaa, PT අස්සු ව뷊තොගෙදǔව asvæddevvaa C59, cultivation: තොගෙǒන govitæna, PL govitæŋ; වව vagaava ‘Let’s cultivate and uplift the nation’ (a national Food Production Drive Programme): අ퇒 වව රට හද api vavamu raTa hadamu <1>, <2>, dry cultivation: තොගෙඩ තොගෙǒන goDa govitæna wet cultivation (Lit ‘mud farming’): මඩ තොගෙǒන CS, cf. ‘paddy cultivation’ chena cultivation: තොගෙහ엊 තොගෙǒන heen govitæna <1 > ; cotton chena (n): 퇔 තොගෙහ엊 ‘kapu hen’ <1>, cultivators’ caste, cf ‘farmers’ caste’ traditional cultivators’ caste (n): බතම (ප뷔) 槔ලය batgama (padu) kulaya; predominantly in the Kandyan provinces, the traditional occupation being cultivation of paddy <1>, culture (n): ස්සු ස්සු 뗒යsaŋskrutiya S527 cumin (Cuminum cyminum, Norw. ‘karve’): 뷔 duru, suuduru <1>; white variety: ූ뷔; large variety: ම뷔 cup: තොගෙ퇊පය kooppee R22, PL kooppa Bring two cups of tea to the table.DAT: tee kooppa dekak meesayaTa geenna. SG cupboard (n): almaariya R13 cure (v, tr): තොගෙහඳ රනව hoňda karanavaa S527, 퇊ර뗒ර රනව pratikaara karanavaa CS, ස්සු 엓ප රනව saniipa karanavaa CS curfew (n): hartaal curry (n, syn. ‘gravy’): මᗔව maalu(va) (i.e. ‘fish curry’) R27, තොගෙහ뷒 hodi S527, වජනය vææŋjanaya, PL vææŋjana NeLC; kariya, PL kari FGdS339 <1> Mother, what dishes (curries) are there? amme vææŋjana tiyenne monavaada? Brinjals and potato curry. wambaTuyi ala hodiyi tiyenavaa. Don’t we need a gravy to eat string-hoppers? Iňdi aappa kanna hodi oona needa? NeLC curry leaves (n, Bot. Murraya koenigii): ර퇒ච තොගෙළ karapinchaa <1>, <2>, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 49 custard apple (n): අතොගෙනද anoodaa (orig. Port. ‘anóna’) <1>, <2>, custom (n, habit): ස sirita, PL sirit; චත්‍රත්‍රය‍ caaritraya (syn ‘tradition’), PL චත්‍රත්‍ර‍ caaritra some Sinhalese customs (Lit ‘customs and formalities’): siŋhala sirit virit kiipayak SdS Is this a custom in your country? තොගෙම ඔතොගෙ� රතොගෙ鷊 චත්‍රත්‍රය槊‍ ද? a Kandyan custom (lit. ‘upcountry custom’): උඩරට ස槊 uDarata siritak cut (vt, VOL): NPT-IND පනව kapanavaa R11, PT kæpuvaa, PP kapalaa, IMP kapanna, NPT-REL kæpana, PT-REL kæpapu, GER kæpiima S277 get cut (vi, INV): තොගෙපනව kæpenavaa R13, DC160, PT kæpunaa, PP kæpilaa, IMP kæpenaa, S286, S528 The sword.DAT is cutting (his) hand: kaDuvaTa ata kæpenavaa. DC106 This pencil is easy to sharpen: mee pænsalee hoňdaTa kæpenavaa. The knife cuts well: pihiya hoňdaTa kæpenavaa. My hand got cut by the knife: pihiyen ata kæpunaa / pihiyaTa ata kæpunaa. cut: NPT-IND keepenavaa R11 cause to cut: kapavanavaa cute (adj, syn ‘first-rate’, ‘pleasing’): හ�හ鷒 Is their baby cute? එයලතොගෙ බබ හ�හ鷒 ද? MAs105 Cymbopogon nardus L. (Bot., Eng. citronella grass): ᇓ엊 ප緒 hiin pæňgiri <1> Cymbopogon polyneuros Steud. (Bot.): මහ ප緒 maha pæňgiri <1> Cynodon dactylon L. (Bot., grass): හ ruha <1> Cymbopogon citratus DC. (Bot., grass, Eng. Lemon grass): තොගෙස්සු රseera <1> return to index

D 뷊 ද ද ද ද 뷒 뷓 뷔 ද ද ද තොගෙද තොගෙ뷊 බද තොගෙද තොගෙද තොගෙද d da dā dæ dæ di dī du dū dṛ dṝ de dē dai do dō dau

ධ ධ ධ ධ ධ 쇒 ධ ධ ධ ධ ධ තොගෙධ තොගෙධ බධ තොගෙධ තොගෙධ තොගෙධ dh dha dhā dhæ dhæ dhi dhī dhu dhū dhṛ dhṝ dhe dhē dhai dho dhō dhau

ඩ ඩ ඩ ඩ ꗒ ඩ ꗔ ꗖ ඩ ඩ තොගෙඩ තොගෙ බඩ තොගෙඩ තොගෙඩ තොගෙඩ ḍ ḍa ḍā ḍæ ḍæ ḍi ḍī ḍu ḍū ḍṛ ḍṝ ḍe ḍē ḍai ḍo ḍō ḍau

ඪ ඪ ඪ ඪ ඪ ඪ ඪ ඪ ඪ ඪ ඪ තොගෙඪ තොගෙඪ බඪ තොගෙඪ තොගෙඪ තොගෙඪ ḍh ḍha ḍhā ḍhæ ḍhæ ḍhi ḍhī ḍhu ḍhū ḍhṛ ḍhṝ ḍhe ḍhē ḍhai ḍho ḍhō ḍhau

-da: -ද interrogative suffix, question marker R4, R8d, R18B16 ‘dagoba’: දබ daaguba [also daagaba, daagæba FGdS354]; large cone-formed building (dome) raised closed to the Buddhist temple; the dagoba enshrines sacred relics (bones) of the Buddha, according to fables. Cf. ‘stupa’ <1>, Dahanayake (n, surname): දහනය dahanaayaka daily (adv): වදත kavadat; 뷒නප dinapataa S528; හමදම hæmadaama (syn ‘every day’) dam (n, i.e. ‘dam wall’): බමම bæmma, වNJ බමම væv bæmma; තොගෙNJලල veella English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 50 dam of paddy field (n): අ귔 බමම amunu bæmma damage (n): අලභාෂාවල් දැනගන්ය alaabhaya Dambana (n): දඹන dam baana <1>, <2>, ‘dana’ (Bud.): daana; the act of giving <1>, dance (n): න鷔ම næTuma, PL næTum [næTuŋ] DC49, FGdS146, naTayi village ritual dance: මමꗔව ශ엊뗒මය <1> dance (vt, VOL): NPT-IND නටනව naTanavaa, PT næTuvaa, PP naTalaa, IMP naTanDa SP3:39 ‘Do not dance as he whistles’ (prov): එයතොගෙ පදයට උඹ නට엊ඩ එප. <1> get to dance (vi, INV): NPT-IND næTenavaa, Chitra.DAT gets to dancing (impulsively): ChitraTa næTenavaa. dance (…..): නටවනව naTavanavaa dancer (n): M න鷊鷔ව næTTuvaa, PL næTTuvoo; න鷊鷔槊රය; නට엊න naTannaa.VN K2:28 (Some) very famous dancers are coming: bohoma prasidda næTTuvo enavaa. FGdS146 dancing (n., verbal noun): næTiima, næTilla DC49; naTana eka, naTapu eka (dancing in the past) DC50 tovil næTiima; tovil is a ceremony conducted to oppose or cajole evil spirits known as yakkas. It is believed that illnesses are caused by them. danger: අ엊ත්‍රව antraava R28 dangerous (adj): අන뗔දය anaturudaayaka S528 ‘dansala’/’dansela’ (n): ද엊ස්සු ල derives from the term ‘dana sala’, meaning ‘alms hall’; cf. ‘food stall’ <1>, dark (adj): අ췔 aňduru in the dark (adv): ᗔවතොගෙ kaluvaree; He's afraid of going out in the dark.DAT: එය ᗔවතොගෙ එᗒයට ය엊න බයය. <1> get dark (v, syn. ‘be late’): NPT-IND rææ venavaa R14B22, R20A33, PT r. unaa / vunaa, PP r. velaa, IMP r. venna! darling (adj): සරල suratal; ආදරව엊* aadaravanta* Dasanayake / Dasanaike (n, surname): දස්සු නය dasanaayaka data (n): දත datta <1>, date: 뷒නය** dinaya**, 뷒තොගෙ엊* dinee* K231, PL dina; exam date: vibaaga dinee K231 When does your exam begin? oyaage vibaage paTan ganne kavadda? My exam begins.NPT.EMP next week: vibaage naŋ paTan ganne labana sumaane I’m answering that (exam) next year: eeka labana avurudde liyanavaa NeLC3 What is the date today? අද 槓තොගෙව엒ද ද? The 3rd of August: අතොගෙස්සු 뗔 මතොගෙස්සු 뗔엊තොගෙව엒ද. FSI2:137 date clauses: -තොගෙව엒ද -venidaa third of next month: labana maase tunveni daa. FGdS224 The Sinhala New Year is on April thirteenth: siŋhala avurudda apriel dahatunvenidaa. JWG2:102 dative ending: -Ta R2 daub (v, tr): NPT-IND වරනව tavaranavaa, PT tævaruvaa, PP tavaralaa, IMP tavaranda SP3:41 daub (v, intr): NPT-IND tævarenavaa SP3:41 daughter: 뷔ව duva [duvə], PL duvalaa, PL duulaa; duu, PL duuru R11 ‘fair daugher or loving daughter’: sududuva DC87 dawn (n): ප엊දර (udee) paandara (syn. ‘sunrise’) I get up early.INST: mama udee paandarin nægiTinavaa SG day (n): දවස්සු davasa, GEN davasa, PL davas, davasvala R18; dinaya [dinee], PL dina different days: -daa (cf. Monday, Tuesday, etc.) R19d English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 51 every day (syn. ‘all along’): හමදම hæmadaama; වදත kavadaat FGdS2:84 that day (in the past): edaa R20; ‘on that day’ (with future reference): edaaTa K57 the day before: issarindaa R25A30 all four days: දවස්සු හරම BH30 on (all) five week.GEN days.EMP: ස්සු 뗒තොගෙහ දවස්සු පතොගෙහම satiyee davas paheema per day: දවස්සු ට davasakaTa BH30 what day: වද other days: තොගෙවනද venadaa FGdS257 someday (adv): kavadaa hari S211 any day (adv): වදවත kavadaavat FGdS207, K238, Pamela will come back someday: paamelaa kavadaahari aapasu enavaa. S211 ‘On what day, will you come?’: ඔය එ엊තොගෙන වද ද? NeLC10 I have to go there every three days: මට 뷒න 뗔නට ස්සු රය槊 එතොගෙහ ය엊න තොගෙවනව. <1> daytime: දවල daval R20 be day, be late (v): daval venavaa R20A33 part of the day (n, syn ‘term’): වව varuva Term: morning - that means from six in the morning until ten. උතොගෙ뷊 වව - ඒ කය엊තොගෙන උතොගෙ뷊 හතොගෙය ඉඳල දහය තොගෙවන. CS -ddi contemporaneous transformation (grammar): v+ddi, cf ‘while’ JWG2:147 Sahit eats a banana while watching TV: sahit ruupavaahinii baladdi kesel geDiyak kanavaa. MAt I took this photo while travelling by bus: mama bas eken yaddi mee fooTo eka gattaa. MAt de-: two- R11 dead (adj): මළ mala ‘dead and gone’ (adj): මළ燒ය malagiya DC113, cf. ‘give’ deaf (adj): � biiri, �හ bihiri become deaf (v): �තොගෙවනව biirivenavaa SdS deal (n): නතොගෙදනව ganudenuva (lit ‘taking-and-giving’; syn ‘commerce’, ‘transaction’) dear (starting a letter): දයබර dayaabara (syn ‘affectionate’); පපය‍ priya; ආදර귓ය aadaraniiya S528 death (n): මරණය maranaya S528; cf ‘if not’ debate (n): වදය vaadaya debate (vti): NPT-IND වද රනව vadaa karanavaa, PT v. kalaa, PP v. karalaa, IMP v. karanna debt (n): ණය naya R27; e.g. නය 엊නව naya gannavaa (Lit ‘take debt’) decay (v, VOL): NPT-IND 뷒රනව diranavaa; (v, INV): NPT-IND 뷒තොගෙරනව direnavaa The body decays: ඇඟ 뷒රනව / ඇඟ 뷒තොගෙරනව DG70 deceive (vt): cf. ‘cheat’ ‘take for a ride’ (idiom, lit. ‘dress/clothe the other as a bull’): තොගෙනට අ엊දනව (said about NGOs December: තොගෙදස්සු මබdesæmbar R22 decide (vi, ir): NPT-IND 뗓රණය රනව tiiranaya karanavaa R23, PT t. kalaa, PP , IMP , decide (v): NPT-IND hitaa gannavaa So, I decided to go to Japan: ඉ뗒 ම යපතොගෙ엊 ය엊න හ ත. decide (vi, passive): NPT-IND 뗓රණය රනව tiiranaya karanavaa (syn ’conclude’, ’determine’), PT t. kalaa, PP t. karalaa, IMP t. karanna S528 decimal (adj): දශම dashama 123.45: එසය ǒස 뗔නය දශම හරය පහය. Rs. 123.45: 퇒යල එසය ǒස 뗔නය ස්සු හස්සු පහය. English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 52 decision (n): 뗓රණය tiiranaya This decision.INST should solve most of our problems. තොගෙම 뗓රණතොගෙය엊 අතොගෙ퇊 ප්‍රප්‍රශන‍ වꗒ හය槊 ǒස්සුතොගෙඳ엊න‍‍ ඕන. <1> We should consider our future when making a decision like that: ඒ වතොගෙග 뗓රණය槊 엒뷊뷒 අපට අතොගෙ퇊 අනය න හ엊න තොගෙවනව. <1> decorate (vt): NPT-IND ස්සු රස්සු නව sarasanavaa, PT særasuvaa, PP sarasalaa, IMP sarasanna, GER særasiima (’decoration’, ’decorating’) S309 be decorated (vi, syn. ’adorn’): NPT-IND ස්සු රතොගෙස්සු නව særasenavaa decrease (vt): NPT-IND අꗔ රනව aDu karanavaa, PT a kalaa, PP a karalaa, IMP a karanna, GER a kiriima (We) lower the age for university entrance: ǒශව ǒදල ප්‍රතොගෙNJශ වයස්සු අꗔරනව. <1> be decreased (vi): NPT-IND අꗔ තොගෙවනව aDu venavaa, PT a unaa, PP a velaa, IMP a venna, GER aDuviima deep (adj):  gæm buru (Western DIAL) (syn ’profound’) deer (n, Zoo, Cervidae): five spp in Sri Lanka, ව muvaa, PL තොගෙව Hog deer (Axis porcinus): ǒල ව vil muvaa Spotted deer (Axis axis): 뗒ත ව tit muvaa Barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak): ඕᗔ ව oolu muvaa defeat (n): defecate (v): NPT-IND තොගෙරනව renavaa defect (n, Ayurvedic term, syn. ’fault’, ’sickness’, ’illness’): තොගෙදස්සු dosa defend (vt): NPT-IND ආර槊ෂ රනව aarakşa karanavaa, PT a keruvaa, PP a karalaa, IMP a karanna (We) defend (our) country, but not the government: රට ආර槊ෂ රනව ආꗔව ආර槊ෂ ර엊තොගෙ엊 න. deficient (adv): අꗔ aDu, හඟ hiňga It seems that the boss is short of money now: mahattayaa laňga dæŋ salli hiňga lu. FGdS258 deficiency, deficit (n, syn ’shortage’, ’lack’): හඟය hiňgaya, අꗔව aDuva There is something missing: අꗔව槊 뗒තොගෙයනව. definiteness (grammar): subsumes two specific categories, definite DEF and indefinite IND: pota and potak, minihaa and minihek. G15 degree (n, e.g. university d.): උප쇒ය upaadhiya Did (you) receive a degree? උප쇒ය槊 ල�න ද? What degree? තොගෙය උප쇒ය? In what year? තොගෙය අǔ뷊තොගෙ뷊 ද? FSI2:180 Dehigaspe (n): තොගෙදහස්සු ප dehigaspa; deity (n, Budd, i.e. holy, divine, sacred beings): තොගෙදයය deyyaa, PL? තොගෙදයතොගෙය deyiyoo JS264, <1>, Oh my god! තොගෙදයතොගෙය ස්සු槊කdeyiyoo saakki (W DIAL), තොගෙදයතොගෙය ස්සුතොගෙල(4H DIAL JBD4:140) delay (n): පර槊槔ව parakkuva, cf. ’late’ ; ප්‍රප්‍රමදය‍ pramaadaya [prǝmaadǝyǝ / prǝmaade] S529 I'm sorry about/for my delay. මතොගෙග පර槊槔ව න ණ鷔ය. <1> delay (vt): parakku karanavaa NeLC13, cf. ; (vti) NPT-IND ප්‍රප්‍රමද‍ රනව pramaada karanavaa S529 (You) can’t delay it much, it has to be sent soon: eeka eccara parakku karanne bææ, ikmanin yavanna onææ. NeLC13 become/get delayed (vi, passive): NPT-IND ප්‍රප්‍රමද‍ තොගෙවනව pramaada venavaa S529 dedicate (v), cf. ’devote’, ’become devoted’ delete (vt): NPT-IND මනව makanavaa, cf. ’rub out’ deliberately: oonækamin R23 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 53 delicate (adj): සම siyum delight (n), cf. ’pleasure’ delicious (adj): රස්සු වතrasavat; ප්‍ර귓 praniita [prǝniitǝ] There was a delicious buffet (lit. ’buffet food meal’) at the wedding.LOC: මල උතස්සු වතොගෙ රස්සු වත ’�තොගෙෆ්තො’ ආහර තොගෙNJල槊 뗒�න. <1> deluxe (adj): ස퇒 supiri (syn ’super’) demand (n): ඉලම illiima, PL illiim Now the demands of everybody.ABL are more: ද තොගෙ엊 ඉලම වꗒය. <1> demand (vt, ir): NPT-IND බතොගෙල엊 ඉලල ස鷒නව balen illaa siTinavaa, PT b. i. siTiyaa, PP b. i. siTalaa, IMP b. i. siTinna S124 demand (vt, syn. ’ask for’): NPT-IND ඉලලනව illanavaa, PT illuvaa, PP illalaa, IMP illanna! SP3:45, S353, GER ඉලම They asked (me) for some money / for a drink / for a job / for some information: ඒ අය (මතොගෙ엊) ස්සු ල 鷒槊 / තොගෙබ엊න තොගෙදය槊 / රස්සු ස්සු ව槊 / තොගෙර뗔 鷒槊 ඉලව. <1> demerit (n): පNJ pav; is ’pav’ and ’pin’ the same thing? පNJ ස්සු හ 퇒엊 යන එම තොගෙදය槊ද? ’ah demerit!’ anee pav, i.e. expression of sympathy, empathy, or shock; expression of moral denigration democracy (n): ප්‍රජ엊ත්‍රවදය prajaatantravaadaya [prəjaatantrəvaadəyə] S529 demolish (vt): NPT-IND ǒනශ රනව vinaasha karanavaa (syn ’annihilate’, ’delete’, ’put an end to’, ’ruin’, ’undo’) demon (n): M ය yakaa, F යක엊엒, යක엊න, PL ය槊槔 yakku; ය槊ෂය yakşayaa ’That made me see red’: ඒතොගෙ엊 මට ය නග (Lit ’from that the demon raised in me’) <1>, dengue (n): තොගෙඩ燔 Deŋguu <1>, <2>, dengue fever (n, s.DAT): තොගෙඩ엊燒 උණDeŋgi una <1> Children.DAT have ’dengue’: ළමය엊ට තොගෙඩ燔. JBD4:71 The government has issued a red alert about the spread of dengue in certain areas: ස්සු මහර පළතවල තොගෙඩ燔 (තොගෙඩ燒) උණ ප뗒ම න ආꗔතොගෙව엊 ප්‍රප්‍රබල‍ අන뗔 හඳǓම槊 රල 뗒යනව. <1>, Deniyaya (n): තොගෙදණයය, තොගෙද엒යය etym. ’deniya’=’valley’/’dale’/’glen’ dentist: dat dostara(-kenek) depart (vi): NPT-IND 퇒ටත තොගෙවනව piTat venavaa; yanavaa yanna (Lit ‘go to go’) They have departed: ee gollo piTat velaa S529 department: තොගෙදපතොගෙම엊뗔ව depaartameentuva (orig. Eng.) depend (vi): NPT-IND රඳ පව뗒නව raňdaa pavatinavaa, PT r pævatunaa, PP r pævatilaa, IMP r pavatinna S310 Also, a person’s health state depends on ‘happiness’**: ඒ වතොගෙගමය තොගෙතොගෙන槔තොගෙග 엒තොගෙර燓 බව ම ස්සු 뗔ට රඳ පව뗒නව.** dependent clause, or conditional clause (grammar, Norw ‘betingelsessetning’): If the gentleman is going to Colombo, I’ll stay: මහතය තොගෙළඹට යනව නම මම ඉ엊න엊; (He) said that gentleman was going to Colombo: මහතය තොගෙළඹට යනවය කයල කNJව. JWG2:48 depopulate (vti): NPT-IND වසය엊 අꗔ රනව væsiyan aDu karanavaa; cf ‘colonise’ deposit money (vt): NPT-IND බ엊뷒නව bandinavaa CS depth (n): ර gæm bura; cf ‘shallow’ After I got off the bus, I search for places with low water depth: ම බස්සු එතොගෙ엊 බහල ව뗔ර ර අꗔ 엊 තොගෙහයනව. Derangala (n): දරල dææraŋgala; English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 54 Derris carensis L .(Bot., mangrove plant): diya kalawel descend (vi), cf. get out, get down describe (vt, ir): NPT-IND ǒස්සු ර රනව vistara karanavaa, PT v. kalaa, PP v. karalaa, IMP v. karanna! Please describe the picture: 퇒엊뗖රය ǒස්සු ර ර엊න. FSI2:24 description (n): ǒස්සු රය vistaraya de Silva (n, surname): ද සලව da silvaa [dǝsilva] desire (n): මය kaama; ආශව aashaava, ආස්සු ව aasaava excess of desire (n, Budd): ආශව aashaava <1>, watch with desire /love to watch: ආස්සු තොගෙව엊 බලනව destroy (vt, syn. ‘make away with’, ‘abolish’, kill, ‘lose deliberately’): NPT-IND න뗒 රනව næti karanavaa R21, PT n. kalaa, PP n. karalaa, IMP n. karanna! Can you get stopped that sound being heard? oya dæn æhena.VA saddee næti karanna puluvanda? R21A31 destroy (vt): NPT-IND ǒනශ රනව vinaasha karanavaa DC123, PT v. kalaa, PP v. karalaa, IMP v. karanna The flood.NOM destroyed the whole village.EM: gaŋ vatura mulu gama ma vinaasha kalaa. be/get destroyed (vi): vinaasha venavaa The whole village.EM was destroyed by the flood.INST: gaŋ vaturen mulu gama ma vinaasha unaa. The whole village.EM was destroyed because of the flood.DAT: gaŋ vaturaTa mulu gama ma vinaasha unaa. DC123 destroy (vi, syn ‘break up’, ‘disintegrate’): NPT-IND ඩ�췓 යනව kæDiibiňdii yanavaa, PT k. giyaa, PP k. gihillaa, IMP k. yanna destroyed (adj): kæDiibiňdii destruction, devastation (n): වනීම vænasiima develop (vt, ir): NPT-IND 뷒귔 රනව diyunu karanavaa, PT d. kalaa, ABD d. karalaa, IMP d. karanna! S130 develop, get developed (v, passive, ir): NPT-IND 뷒귔 තොගෙවනවdiyunu venavaa, PT d. unaa, PP d. velaa, IMP d. venna! S125 develop (v, syn. improve, ameliorate): වꗒ 뷒귔 රනව developed (adj): diyunu undeveloped (adj): nodiyunu FGdS290 I like to work in undeveloped areas: nodiyunu palaatvala rassaava karanna kæmetiyi.AM. development (n): ස්සු වධනය saŋvardhana, diyunuva device (n): උපක්‍රමය upakramaya devil (n): yak*, PL yakku* C506, ය** yakaa, PL yakku MAD; IND yakek; ය槊ෂය** yakşayaa, PL yakşayo MAD; cf. ‘demon’, ‘she-devil’ ‘You devil!’ (colloq): යතොගෙ yakoo, the term is not offensive when used between friends devil dance (n): ය槊ම yakkama <1>; තොගෙයලය toyilaya [tovilee?], toyil-Daans [tovil-Daans]? devil dancer (n): tovil kaarayaa devil mask (n): තොගෙවස්සු හණ (yak) ves muhuna, තොගෙවස්සු ණ vesmuuna (syn ‘masque’) devote (vt): NPT-IND ප රනව kæpa karanavaa S529 (syn ‘dedicate’, ‘offer’, ‘sacrifice’) become devoted (vi): NPT-IND ප තොගෙවනව kæpe venavaa S529 (syn ‘be commited’) We're dedicated to developing this country: අ퇒 තොගෙම රට 뷒귔 ර엊න ප තොගෙවල ඉ엊නව. <1> dew (n): 퇒엒 pini; dew drop: 퇒엒 �엊뷔ව dhal: ප퇊퇔 parippu dhal varieties: ප퇊퇔 ව: English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 55 තොගෙර: ප퇊퇔 toora dhal; yellow pigeon peas මූ ප퇊퇔: masoor dhal; red lentils  ප퇊퇔: mung beans No Sir, we don’t have dhal. Try the next shop: parippunam nææ, mahattayaa. allapu kaDeeTa yanna. NeLC dharma, dhamma (n): ධම, i.e. teachings of the Buddha Dharmapala (n, surname): ධමපල dharmapaala; cf. අන ධමපල , , Dharmasena (n, surname): ධමතොගෙස්සු න dharmaseena -di: locative termination R17; i.e. while It is to that village that I go while in Lanka: laŋkaave di mama yanne.NPT.EMP ee gamaTa. <1>, I learnt some Sinhalese while in America also: mama æmerikaavedit siŋhala Tikak igenagattaa. FGdS272 diabetes (n): 뷒යවꗒයව diyavæDiyaava <1>, diacritics, Sinhala (n, syn ’glyphs’): cf ’stroke’ diagram (n): පස්සු ටහන ruupasaTahana (syn ’figure’, ’illustration’) diarrhea (n, s.DAT): පචනය paacanaya <1>, <2>; බඩ �ල Ǔම (Lit. The boy.DAT has diarrhea: තොගෙලලට පචතොගෙ엊. JBD4:71 diarrhea with fever: උණ අ뗓ස්සු රය una atisaaraya Dias (n, surname): ඩයස්සු Dayas, e.g. ල槊ෂම엊 ඩයස්සු Lakshan Dias, Dichrocephala integrifolia L. (Bot., medicinal herb): මහ ක maha kim bu <1>, dictionary: ශ�ද තොගෙෂය shabda kooshaya die (vi, INV): NPT-IND මතොගෙරනව mærenavaa R13, DC161, PT mærunaa, PP mærilaa, IMP mærenna! S285, cf. ‘pass away’ he died yesterday: eyaa iiye mærunaa he’s (not) dead: eyaa mærilaa (nææ) Some forty people have died in the bomb blast.INST: තොගෙබමබ 퇒퇒තොගෙම엊 엒ස්සු ස හහ槊 ǒර මල 뗒යනව. <1> die (v, euphemism for ’die’): nætivenavaa, cf. ’pass away’; die (related to Buddhist monks): apawat-vena-wa. die (v, lit. ‘enter the forest/jungle’): වල ව뷒නව val vadinavaa SG; a recognized method of avoiding the word ’die’ died: malaa R13A6; ‘house of the dead’: malaa gedara SG differ (vi): NPT-IND තොගෙවනස්සු තොගෙවනව venas venavaa S529 (syn ‘change’, ‘vary’), ; cf. ‘discriminate’ difference (n): තොගෙවනස්සු venasa R28, තොගෙවනස්සු මvenaskama R30, PL venas different (adj): තොගෙවනස්සු venas R28 (My) daughter is different from me: duva maTa væDiye venas. His younger brother is very different from Sudath: එයතොගෙග තොගෙපꗒ මල සදතට වꗒතොගෙ හම තොගෙවනස්සු. BH difficult(y): අම(ව) amaaru(va) R23; අපහස apahasu It is not so difficult: එ臊චර අම න. <1> Doctor, I find it difficult to eat too: dostara mahattayo, maTa kææma kannat amaaruyi.AM. NeLC4 The work he did was difficult/hard: ohu karapu væDa apahasuyi. <1> with difficulty, in a difficult manner (adv): අමවට amaaruvaTa dig (vt): NPT-IND තොගෙටනව koTanavaa R26 (syn ’cut’, ’pound’), PT keTuvaa, PP koTalaa, IMP koTanda SP3:93 dig (vt): (1) NPT-IND හරනව haaranavaa R12, PT hææruvaa (syn. scrape out), PP haaralaa, IMP haaranna, GER හම hææriima (boring, excavation) SP3:46; (2) (vt, o.DAT) NPT-IND අ엒නව aninavaa (syn ’jab’, ’jag’, ’plunge’, ’poke’, ’thrust’) English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 56 The duckling said ”I dig a hole”: ”මම 燔ල槊 හරනව” ර ප鷒ය 槓ව. <1>, <2>, get dug, be dug (vi): NPT-IND hæærenavaa SP3:46, PT hæærunaa, PP hæærilaa, IMP hæærenna, GER හම hææriima S288 ‘diga’ marriage: 뷓 ǒවහය diiga vivaahaya; virilocal or patrilocal marriage, the women moved into their husband’s residence, compare �엊න ǒවහය ‘binna’ marriage; diiga denavaa (v): give in marriage digit (n): ඉල槊ම ilakkama, PL ilakkam <1>, dignity (n), cf. ‘nambuva’, ‘pride and status’ diligent (adj): ꗒස්සු ර kaDisara Dilivaria ilicifolia (Nees) (Bot., medicinal, SYN Acanthus ilicifolius): 鷔 ඉක kaTu ikili <1>, <2> dill (n, Bot. ): ඈ췔 ææňduru (orig. Port ‘endro’) <1> dining room (n): ම මරය kææma kaamaraya There are eight chairs and a table in the dining room: kææma kaamaraye puTu aTak, meesayak tiyenavaa SG dining table (n): ම න තොගෙමස්සු ය kææma kana meesaya This cloth is for the dining table: තොගෙම තොගෙර뷊ද ම න තොගෙමතොගෙස්සු තොගෙර뷊ද. <1> dinner (n):  ම ‘eating dinner/lunch’: bat kanavaa K226 Diospyros sylvatica L. (Bot., TRF sp.): sudu kaDumbeeriya Diospyros gardneri (Bot., Ebenacea, ‘bastard ebony’, TRF sp.): kaDumbeeriya Diosporus quaesita (calamander ebony) Dipterocarpus glandulosus L. (Bot., TRF tree): තොගෙදරන dorana Dipterocarpus hispidus L. (Bot., emergent TRF tree): bu-hora Dipterocarpus zeylanicus (Bot. emergent TRF tree): තොගෙහර hora; picture of D. gracilis <1>, <2> Seed of hora (with wings): hora kurullaa direct (adj, syn ‘straight-talking’, ‘fair’, ‘what you see is what you get’): තොගෙ엊 keliŋ Southern people are straight-talking: dakunee minissu kelin direction (n): 뷒ස්සු ව** dihaava* R8 (syn ‘at’, ‘in direction of’); ata R12 The friend looks at the dog: yaaluvaa ballaa/ballaage dihaava balanavaa. DG83 dirty (adj): ක鷒 kiliTu, ක鷔 kiluTu; අ퇒ස뷔 apirisidu; comp. ’clean’ Younger brother drinks dirty water: මල අ퇒ස뷔 ව뗔ර තොගෙබනව. JWG2:61 disappeared persons (n): අ뗔දහ엊 අය disappointment (or rebuke), expressions of: ah, chah DC58 disaster (n): ǒප vipata, e.g. සන ǒප <1>, disc, disk, CD, record (n): 鷒ය tæTiya, e.g. ස්සු 槊 鷒ය <1> discipline (n): ස්සු වරය saŋvaraya (syn ’decency’, ’control’) discover (vt): NPT-IND තොගෙස්සු ය 엊නව soyaagannavaa, PT s. gattaa, PP s. gena, IMP s. ganna! S127 having discovered: dænaŋ R27, dænagana R15, R23 discriminate (vt): NPT-IND තොගෙවනස්සු ම රනව venaskam karanavaa (syn. ’ill treat’), PT v. kalaa, PP v. karalaa, IMP v. karanna; cf. ’differ’ discrimination (n): තොගෙවනස්සු ම කම venaskam kiriima disease (n): තොගෙරය roogaya; තොගෙලඩ leDa, තොගෙලතොගෙ leDee, cf. ’ill health’ God’s diseases (caused by the intervention of ’gods’): තොගෙදයය엊තොගෙ තොගෙලඩ JBD4:71, e.g. ’chickenpox’, ’smallpox’, ’measals’ dish (n): 뷓සය diisiya What’s.EMP in that dish.LOC? ඒ 뷓සතොගෙ තොගෙමනවද 뗒තොගෙය엊තොගෙ엊? LP:126 do the dishes (i.e. ’washing up’), 퇒ඟ තොගෙහදනව cf. ’plate’ English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 57 You have to wash up after dinner.ABL: (ර) තොගෙම엊 පස්සු තොගෙස්සු ඔය퇒ඟ엊鷒තොගෙහද엊න ඕන. <1> disinfectant: behet vatura R24 dislike (v): අම뗒 තොගෙවනව akæmati venavaa (syn. ’reject’), cf. ‘not to like’, ‘lazy’ She rejected him**: ඇය ඔහට අම뗒 ǔණ.** Dissanayake (n, surname): 뷒ස්සු නය disaanaayaka distance: 뷔ර dura; long d.: goDak dura; short d.: Tikak dura, keTi dura Our house is about 1,5 mile far from the junction: අතොගෙ퇊 තොගෙදර ඉ엊දල හ엊뷒යට හමම එ හමර槊 ǒර 뷔රය. CS distant (adj): ඈ ææta (syn. ‘far’) MAs320 at a distance: ඈ뗒엊 distribute (vt, syn. ‘deliver’): NPT-IND තොගෙබදනව bedanavaa, PT beduvaa, PP bedalaa, IMP bedanda SP3:48; cf. ‘serve’ The postmaster distributes letters: tæpæl mahattayaa liyum bedanavaa. FSI:2:83 district: 뷒ස්සු තත‍ 槊ය distrikkaya, PL 뷒ස්සු තත‍ 槊‌ ‌ disturb (v): NPT-IND රදර රනව karadara karanavaa [karǝdǝrǝ k.] Do not disturb me.DAT: මට රදර ර엊න එප. <1> ditch (n): 귔ව, PL kanu (on tea land); a cross- ditch: හරස්සු 槔鷊鷒 귔ව槊 <1>; dig ditches (v): 귔 පනව divide (vt, VOL): NPT-IND තොගෙබදනව bedanavaa, PT beduvaa, PP bedalaa, IMP bedanda SP3:48; cf. ‘serve’ divide (vi, INV): NPT-IND තොගෙබතොගෙදනව bedenavaa SP3:48 ‘divi neguma’ (n, Lit ‘life building’): 뷒ǒ න燔ම divi næguma, 뷒ǒ න緔ම divi næňguma, i.e. governmental programme for better household economy <1>, <2>, divorce (v): NPT-IND 뷒槊ස්සු ද රනව dikkasaada karanavaa get divorced (v): NPT-IND 뷒槊ස්සු ද තොගෙවනව dikkaasaada venavaa <1>, <2>, Diyadawa: 뷒ය, 뷒යර ‘water….’ Diyadawa Forest Reserve: 뷒යදව ර槊৒ (i.e. protected, reserved) වන엊රය (i.e. forest, wilderness) <1>, (We) have beautiful natural forests: lassana vanaantara tiyenavaa. NeLC12 ‘diya redda’, diyaredda: 뷒ය තොගෙර뷊ද diya redda, a cloth worn by women for bathing; the cloth the ladies wear instead of swimsuits in the village to preserve their modesty when taking their daily bath in the river <1>; -do: particle of doubt R30, or some uncertainty DG90 Someone came: kavdo aavaa; Something is visible: mokakdo peenavaa R30:255 Father went somewhere: taattaa koheedo giyaa; Father said something: taattaa mokakdo kivvaa; Father went there someday: taattaa kavadaado ehee giyaa. DG90 do (vi, ir., VOL): NPT-IND රනව karanavaa [kərənəva], NPT.EMP karanne [kǝranne], PT තොගෙව keruvaa [kerua] R4/ ළ kalaa [kəlaa] / karaa [kəra]; PT.EMP keruve [kerue] / kalee [kəle], PT-REL keruva / kala [kələ], PT.rel. karapu [kərəpu] R4, PP kara**[kərə]/karalaa* R15, IMP karanna [kǝrannǝ], FUT.COND keruvot / kalot [kəlot], GER කම kiriima (n, i.e. ‘act’, ‘doing’) S130, PRES.CON kara kara innavaa (is doing) SP1:111, FUT.XXX karaavi; (DIAL, in some areas): NPT-IND koranavaa, PT kolaa / koraa R12, ර퇒 (‘did unexpectedly’), FUT.COND තොගෙරත (‘if you do’), තොගෙලත (‘if you did’) <1>, තොගෙනර (‘without doing’), karakara [kərəkərə]: Lit ‘during doing’/’while doing’; reduplicated participles that indicate actions that are simultaneous with that of the main verb, are formed by reduplicating the verbal base, cf ‘letter’ done: kala [kələ] R20 What did (you) do? තොගෙමද තොගෙල? <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 58 The work that the child has done is good: ළමය ර퇔 වඩ තොගෙහඳය. <1> If you do it that way, it is fine: ehema keruvot hariyi; Even if you do it that way, it is no use: ehema keruvat væDak nææ. GP54 don’t! don’t want (quasi-v, ‘is not required’, s.DAT): එප epaa R6 I don’t want it: maTa eeka epaa Don’t go: yanna epaa! get done (v., INV.): kerenavaa (තොගෙතොගෙර엊 පව뗒න in progress) get (the work) done (v): These days I just work (habitually): mee davasvala maTa væDa kerenavaa. G30 The gentleman gets the work done (for himself) by children.INST: මහතය ළමය엊තොගෙ엊 වඩ ර엊නව. <1> do something for oneself (complex v, sometimes adding a sense of ‘with difficulty’): absolutive stem+gannavaa, i.e. ‘performed by oneself, usually for one’s own benefit’ JBD4:114 I usually prepare breakfast (for myself): ස්සු මනතොගෙය엊 මම උතොගෙ뷊 ම ලස්සු뗒ර엊නව. FSI2:211 I make milk rice (for myself): මම ක බත හද엊නව. FSI2:212 The dog opens the door himself: බලල තොගෙදර ඇර 엊නව; Mother plucks flowers herself: අමම මල ඩ 엊නව; Father cuts his hair himself: ත තොගෙතොගෙඩ ප 엊නව; The nurse vaccinates herself: තොගෙහ뷒ය අත ǒද 엊නව. JBD4:115 do something for somebody else (complex v, grammar): absolutive stem+denavaa I make milk rice (for others): මම ක බත හදතොගෙදනව. Or: මම ක බත හදල තොගෙදනව. FSI2:212 Can you open the door for me (please)? ඔයට 퇔ව엊ද මට තොගෙදර ඇරල තොගෙද엊න? <1> doctor, physician (n): තොගෙදස්සු ර dostara (mahattiya) R22 herbal (ayurvedic) doctor: vedaa R29, තොගෙවද මහතය vedaa mahattayaa, vedarala MM17 That's why I thought of seeing a good doctor: hoňda dostara kenek laňgaTa yanna kalpanaa kalee [kəlee] / keruve ee nisaayi.AM. FGdS2:68 I.DAT have met doctor.ACC Silva: මට සලව තොගෙදස්සු ර මහතයව හම�න. <1> ‘How about going to see the doctor?’ (lit. ‘(It would be nice) if you were to go to see the doctor’ (colloq): veda mahattayaa langaTa giyaa naŋ. DC256 doctrine: dharmaya document (n): PL යකයǒ liyakiyavili FSI2:56; යǒලල liyavilla <1> ‘dodol’, ‘kaludodol’:  තොගෙඩතොගෙඩල kalu DoDol, a sweet preparation made from coconut, jaggery and cashewnuts doer (suffix): -රය -kaarayaa R12 (creates an informal and (sometimes) disrespectful reference to a person) <1>; ර엊න karannaa [kəranna], ‘one who does’ S130 police-man: තොගෙපස්සු රයpolis-kaarayaa (unformal); රළහ raalahaami, PL raalahaamilaa (e.g. ’law-inforcing officer’) postman: පලරය tæpel-kaarayaa watchman: රරය mura-kaarayaa an American: ඇතොගෙම엊රය American-kaarayaa complicated person: අමරය dog (n): ballaa R3; dog-: balu R17, PL balloo; bælli (female dog, i.e. ‘bitch’) K2:25; when abused, considered insulting; bauva (CDS, child directed speech); ට kææTaa (DM DIAL JBD4:143) PROV: Barking dogs do not bite: �රන බලතොගෙල හප엊තොගෙන න. CS; �රන බලතොගෙල ස්සු ප තොගෙනත. JBD4:243 PROV: ‘like giving coconuts with husk to dogs’ (idiom ‘some action that is of no use’): බලල엊ට තොගෙල තොගෙපල 뷔엊නවතොගෙJBD4:239 Dolichandrone spathacea L. (Bot., mangrove associate plant): diya danga <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 59 doing (n, GER): කම kiriima S130; රණය karanaya (syn ‘making’, ‘medium’, ‘performance’, ‘matter’) Dolahena (n): තොගෙදලතොගෙහන dolaheena (lit ‘stream+cleared land (chena)’) Dolichos biflorus (Bot, Eng ‘horse gram’): තොගෙල kollu <1> doll (n): තොගෙබ엒槊 boonikkaa, e.g. ඵ තොගෙබ엒槊 <1>, Dondra (n): තොගෙදǔ엊දර [devundrǝ] <1>; Dondra Head: තොගෙදǔ엊දර 뗔ꗔව donkey (n): �ව buuruvaa, PL buuruvoo (refers also to a silly person causing damages due to lack of knowledge; ‘you stupid ass’) <1> ‘as old as two Puttalam donkeys’: 퇔තලම �තොගෙව තොගෙද엊තොගෙන槊තොගෙ වයස්සු doomala resin: Shorea sp. Doona spp. (Bot., TRF tree): dun Doona gardneri (Bot., Dipterocarpacea, endemic TRF sp.): dun Doona zeylanica (Bot., Dipterocarpacea, endemic TRF sp.): dun-gaha door (n): තොගෙදර dora R13, PL doraval door ball (n): තොගෙදර තොගෙබලය dora boolaya [dorə boolee] MAs46 door mat (n): ප퇒ස්සු ස්සු paapissa MAs46 doorway (n): dorakaDa R25B28 dot (n): 뗒ලය tilakaya; orig. Tamil ‘thilakam’, i.e. the dot that a Hindu-Tamil woman places on her forehead, syn. ‘pottu’ <1>; තොගෙප鷊鷔ව poTTuva, PL poTTu, i.e. dark-brown dot put on a child’s forehead, to warn off the evil eye and to add to the attractiveness of the child double ():තොගෙද තොගෙද, 뷊ǒතව doubt (n): aDamaana R25, ස්සු ය sækee doubt (v): NPT-IND ස්සු රනව sæka karanavaa (syn. ‘distrust’, ‘question’, ‘suspect’), doubtful (adj ,syn ‘suspicious’, s.DAT): ස්සු sæka I am doubtful about that: මට ඒ න ස්සු ය; Are you doubtful about this? ඔයට තොගෙම න ස්සු ද?; I doubt whether he would do this work: එය තොගෙම වතොගෙ රයද කයල මට ස්සු ය. K237 down (adv): palleha, පහ pahata, පහළ pahala R29 downstairs: පහල 鷊鷔ව CS dozen: dusima R30 drag (vt, syn ‘pull’, ‘fetch’): NPT-IND අ뷒නව adinavaa R20, PT æddaa, PP ædalaa, IMP adinna Didn’t (you) fetch the firewood? dura ædde nædda? No, (I) will fetch it tomorrow: nææ, heTa adinnam. FGdS245 drain (n, syn. ‘small stream’, ‘brook’): ඇළ æla, PL ælaval; ex. Hiyin Æla (in Pallegama) drama (n): නටට‍ naaTya draw (vt, e.g. pictures, diagrams): NPT-IND අ췒නව aňdinavaa R16, PT ændaa R20, PP æňdalaa, IMP aňdinna! S281 PROV: ‘Like the line drawn in water’: 뷒තොගෙය ඇ췒 ඉර වතොගෙ. JBD4:235 draw portraits (vt): ප අ췒නව draw / schetch (vt): චත්‍ර අ췒නව draw (vt, syn. ‘pull’): NPT-IND අ뷒නව adinavaa DC66, PT æddaa, PP ædalaa, IMP adinna S280, IMP ædapan*, ædapia* (non-polite) DC71, PER adidden DC73, HORT adimu DC73, be drawn (vi, syn. ‘be pulled’): NPT-IND ඇතොගෙදනව ædenavaa DC161, PT ædunaa, PP ædilaa, IMP ædenna S286, , cause to draw (v, int): NPT-IND අ뷊දනව addanavaa / addavanavaa, PT The engine is not pulling/running well: ænjima addanavaa horayi.AM. DC97 drawing (n): චත්‍රය citraya [citrəyə] <1>, dream (n): ᇓනය hiinaya*, ීනය siinaya** English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 60 It’s just a dream: ඒ ᇓනය槊 ǒරය. CS The child suddenly remembered the dream: ළමයට ᇓනය ම槊 ǔන. lamayaaTa hiinaya matak vunaa. <1> I had a dream (lit ‘I saw a dream’ / ‘A dream appeared to me’): mama hiinayak dækkaa / maTa hiinayak peenunaa. DG84 dress (vi, syn. ‘to get dressed’, ‘wear’, ‘draw a diagram’): NPT-IND අ췒නව aňdinavaa R16, PT ændaa, PP ændalaa, IMP aňdinna! S281 dress up, wearing clothes (vt): NPT-IND ඇ췔ම අ췒නව drink (n): පනය paanaya, PL paana drink (vti, ir.): (1) NPT-IND තොගෙබනව bonavaa R1, PT bivuvaa, biivaa**, bivvaa* [biuva] R3 (�엊න bunnaa, Ka DIAL JBD4:139, R12), PP biilaa* R15/ bii** S126, IMP bonna, GER biima S126, SP3:50, PRES.CON bi bii innavaa (is drinking) SP1:111, තොගෙන� (‘without drinking’); observe that ‘bonavaa’ without an object gives the meaning of taking alcohol, SP1:14; (2) NPT-IND පනය රනව paanaya karanavaa CS after drinking (heavily): biilaa biilaa DC90 Now we drink tea: dæn api tee bonavaa F1 The water they drank.PT-REL was not good. ඒ අය �NJව ව뗔ර තොගෙහඳ නහ. <1> Shall (we) have a (cup of) tea? තොගෙත එ槊 තොගෙබ ද? tee ekak bomu da? No, thank you: න ඕන න. JBD4:10 Let’s have (drink.1st.PLIMP) a cup of coffee: koopi ekak bomu FGdS231 If you drink tea now, you won’t be able to eat: dæn tee bivvot kææma kanna bæri venavaa. FGdS2:83 Why are you drinking (alcohol)? තොගෙම ද තොගෙබ엊න? What would you like to drink? තොගෙමනව ද තොගෙබ엊න? CS Every day, he would come.EMP home drunk. හමදම එය තොගෙදර ආතොගෙව �ල. <1> get drunk / get sipped (vi): NPT-IND pevenavaa SP3:50 (syn ‘swallow unint.’, cf. ‘swallow’) getting really drunk till one is unconscious (colloq slang): න뗒 තොගෙව엊න හනව* getting high but not really drunk (colloq slang): ව뷒엊න හනව* <1> cause to drink (vt, VOL, ‘give to drink’, ‘feed liquids’): NPT-IND තොගෙපවනව povanavaa DC167, PT pavvaa [pəvva], PP povalaa, IMP povanna! S307 mother is feeding the child.DAT milk: ammaa lamayaaTa kiri povanavaa The boy feeds younger brother dirty water: තොගෙලල මලට අ퇒ස뷔 ව뗔ර තොගෙපවනව. JWG2:67 drinker (n): තොගෙබ엊න bonnaa.VN K2:28 drinking (n, GER): biima S126 He has got into the habit of drinking.DAT: eyaa biimaTa purudu velaa. To him.DAT, drinking has become a habit: eyaaTa biima purudu velaa. drive a vehicle (v, tr): NPT-IND පදවනව padavenavaa, PT pædevuvaa, PP padavalaa, IMP padavanda SP3:51, පදව엊 ඉ엊නව (driving), drive (v, intr): NPT-IND pædavenavaa drive a vehicle (vt, syn. ‘drive away’, i.e. chase an animal): NPT-IND එලවනව* elavanavaa R24, PT elavuvaa [eləvvaa], PP elavalaa , IMP elavanna S337 You can drive a car, can’t you? oya lamayaaTa kaar elavanne puluvaŋ, needa? FGdS86 He generally drives a little fast, no? eyaa kavadat Tikak hayiyen elavanavaa, needa? ‘drive (sbd) crazy’ (v, s.DAT): NPT-IND ඇ뗒 තොගෙවනව Looking for a new job drove/sent me.DAT up the wall: අᗔත රස්සු ස්සු වත තොගෙහය엊න 燒හ엊 මට ඇ뗒 උන. <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 61 driver (n): ඩ්‍රඩ්‍රයව‍ Drayivar [Draivər], PL Drayivarlaa FGdS185; riyaduraa, (m) pirimi riyaduraa, (f) gæhænu riyaduraa LP20 drought (n): ඉතොගෙඩරය iDooraya [iDoore] drown (vt, deliberately): NPT-IND gilanavaa, PT giluvaa, Aruni drowned.PT Nimal.ACC: aruni nimalva giluvaa drown (vi, syn. ‘sink by itself’, ‘swim like a stone’, accidently): NPT-IND 燒තොගෙලනව gilenavaa, PT gilunaa, PP gililaa, IMP gilenna S296 Nimal drowned.PT.INV: Nimal gilunaa drug (n): තොගෙබතොගෙහ beheta, තොගෙ� beeta, PL behet, beet drummers’ caste, තොගෙබරව 槔ලය beravaa kulaya, cf. ‘tom-tom beaters’ caste’ drunkard (n): තොගෙ�බ뷊ද beebaddaa, beebadu (orig Port ‘bebado’), තොගෙබනය bonayaa CS dry (adj): ǒයᗒ viyali dry (vi, syn. ‘idle’): NPT-IND තොගෙNJළනව veelanavaa, PT veeluvaa, PP , IMP R31 dry (v., intr.): veelenavaa, PT. veelunaa SP3:156 ‘the fish that is drying’ (v.adj.+inan.n.,): veelena.VA maalu ‘the fish that was drying’ (v.adj.PT+inan.n.): veelunu.VA maalu ‘dry season’ (n): පයන තොගෙල paayana kaalee CS; drought season: ඉතොගෙඩර ලය JS264 dugong (Zool., Common Dugong, Dugong dugon, syn. ‘sea-cow’): හ뷔 ඌර muhudu uuraa <1>, ‘dukkha’ (n, Budd): 뷔, 뷔槊ඛ suffering <1>; explained as old age, sickness, or death, sorrow, lamentation, sadness; the word’s semantic field also includes an altogether subtler meaning which might be translated as ‘discomfort’ <2>; dukkha is one of ‘four noble truths’ච뗔රය ස්සුය ‍ <3>, <4>, durian (Bot., fruit): ꗖය엊 Duurian; a large green fruit with a hard prickly skin, famous for its pungent smell MM80 <1>, <2>, <3>, during (conj): kaaleTa; -뷓 -dii During Perahera time schools must be on vacation, mustn’t they? perahæra kaaleTa iskoolavala nivaaDu æti, nee-da? FGdS313 One can read a lot of books in one year: අǔ뷊ද 뷓 හහ槊 තොගෙපත කයව엊තොගෙන 퇔ව엊. <1> Durutu (name of a month): R22 duty (n): ටත kaTayutta, PL ට뗔 kaTayutu (syn. ‘affairs’, ‘doings’, ‘agenda’) ‘dwellings’ (n, idiom, syn ‘houses and property’): geval doraval (lit ‘houses + doors’) DC87 dye (v): saayampovanavaa return to index

E එ ඒ e ē

-e R4, incomplete verb ending -e R5 (4B9, 5A17, 12A1, 18A17), localite case ending each (pron): ekak (Lit ‘a one’); eka eka <1>, This one (i.e. ‘this bunch’) is three cents each: meeka ekak sata tunayi.AM. This one (i.e. ‘this bunch’) is three cents for two: meeka dekak sata tunayi.AM. FGdS33 each dog: eka eka ballaa <1> each…and every (colloq): හම…-ම FSI2:195 each and every day: hæmadaama; each and every area.IND: hæma palaatakama; each other ( ) noun-coordination -yi + -yi + v + gannavaa (=reciprocal verb, grammaticalized from ‘take’) DC137 Father and mother are scolding each other: ammayi taattaayi bæna gannavaa. English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 62 Ranjit and Chitra embraced each other: ranjituyi citrayi badaa gattaa. Sunil and Nimal are hitting each other: suniluyi nimaluyi gaha gannavaa. ear (n): න kana, PL kan early (adj, syn ‘in advance’): kal tiyaa FGdS292 Before coming, send me a letter in advance: enna issellaa kal tiyaa liyumak daanna. earlier on: kalin R26 earn (money) (vt, ir): NPT-IND හමබ රනව hamba karanavaa R21, PT h. kalaa, PP h. karalaa, IMP h. karanna S130; cf. ‘acquire’ ‘No matter how much we earn.CONC, there is no happiness in our heart.LOC (lit ‘mind’)’: koccara hamba kalat [kǝlat] hitee satuTak nææ. DC203 ear piercing (n): 엊 ǒ뷓ම kan vidiima, i.e. piercing a little girl’s ears, usually done between her 7th and 9th month at the auspicious moment earring (n) : east: නතොගෙනහර nægenahira, nægenaira Easter: පස්සු 槔ව paasku(va) (orig. Port. ‘Páscoa’) Eastern Province (n): නතොගෙනහර පළ nægenahira palaata <1>, <2>, easy: තොගෙලස* leesi R17, පහස pahasu (syn. ‘comfortable’) This lesson is easy.AM to understand: තොගෙම පඩම තොගෙතම 엊න තොගෙලසය. <1> easily, in an easy manner (adv): තොගෙලසයට* leesiyaTa eat (vti, ir.): NPT-IND නව kanavaa R6, PT ව kæævaa, PP kaalaa* / kaa**, IMP kanna, PRES.CON kakaa innavaa (is eating) SP1:111, තොගෙනනව nokanavaa, තොගෙන nokaa (‘without eating’), eating / while eating: kakaa R15, DC90, having eaten (heartily): kaalaa kaalaa DC90 I am eating rice: mama bat kanavaa [mamə bat kanəvaa] F1 A: bat tikak kamu: Ø rice Adj eat (NPT-INDS). Come and have some rice B: epaa epaa. dæn bada pirila. NEG NEG Adv. N Adj. No, no. Now I’m full. A: cuttak kamu. Adj. V. Come on, eat a little B: anee epaa. P NEG. Please, no A: ehenan api tarahay. CONJ 1PL Adv. Then we’re (I’m) going to be angry B: haa, ehenan poddak kamu. AFF CONJ Ø Adj eat(PRES). Ok. Then (we’ll) eat a little. <1>. It’s only beef that I don’t eat: මම තොගෙන엊තොගෙන හර槊මස්සු ǒරය. JWG2:156 cause to eat (vb. INV, ‘get to eat’, ‘feed’): NPT-IND වනව kavanavaa, PT kævuvaa, PP , IMP The child (accidentally) ate sth poisonous: lamayaaTa.DAT vaha kævunaa. happen to be eating (vb. INV.): kævenavaa Andare happens to be eating sand: AndareeTa /Andaree atiŋ væli kævenavaa eating (n, GER): ම kææma Echinochloa crus-galli (Bot, syn Panicum crus-galli L., grass weed in paddy field): මර뗔 maaratu WIS21 <1> Eclipta alba (n, Bot, medicinal herb and weed in paddy field, syn Eclipta prostrata L.): ක췒 kiriňdi WIS21 <1>, 槓 ක췒 kii kiriňdi <2>, ecology: parisara vidyaava පස්සු ර ǒදව, පස්සු රය economics (economic system: ආ맒 ǒදව aarthika vidyaava edge (n, syn ‘border’, ‘bank’; prep ‘by’): අයන ayina, PL ayin FGdS247 You must erect a fence on the river bank.LOC, also: gaŋga ayinet væTak baňdinna oona. FGdS244 Is the house by this road.LOC? තොගෙම පර අයතොගෙන ද තොගෙග 뗒තොගෙය엊තොගෙන. NeLC6 The van stopped at/by the roadside.LOC: ව엊 එ පර අයතොගෙන නවත뗔ව. <1> Edirisinghe (n, surname): එ뷒සහ edirisiŋha editor: kattru R15 educate (v, lit. ‘make trained’, syn. ‘train’): 퇔හ귔 රනව puhunu karanavaa English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 63 educated (adj): උත ugat; (n): උ ugattaa, PL උත뗔 ugattu education (n, syn. ‘training’, ‘learning’ ): 퇔හ귔 puhunu; උතම ugatkama [ugatkəmə]; අධධපනය‍ adyaapanaya <1> Do you still work.NPT.EMP at the educational office? oyaa tavama væDa karanne adyaapana (අධපන) kantooruveeda? NeLC11 -ee R5, nominal ending -ee R5e, locative case ending effort ( ) make effort (vti, syn ‘tire’): NPT-IND මහ엊ස තොගෙවනව mahansi venavaa How much effort I have made to bring up that child! ooka hadaa ganna koccara mahansi unaa da? DC264 egg (n): �තර bittaree R30, bittaraya eggplant (n), cf. ‘aubergine’ eight: අට aTa R9 eighteen: dahaaTa R18 eighteenth: දහඅට තොගෙව엒 dahaaTa veni the eighteenth century: දහඅටවන සයවස්සු eighth (ordinal number): අටතොගෙව엒, අටව엒 eighty: අූව asuuva R20 eighty-: asuu … either : -ත -t (in negative sentences); The lady isn’t in the office either: තොගෙනන මහතයත 엊තොගෙතොගෙNJ න. FSI2:133 either…or (adv./conj): hari…hari S207 Either Nimal or Pamela should do it: nimal hari paamelaa hari eeka kala yutuyi.AM. S207 Take this book or that book: mee pota hari ara pota hari ganna. K177 Either you or your wife can sign the document. ඔයට හ ඔයතොගෙ �ඳට හ යǒලල අතස්සු 엊 ර엊න 퇔ව엊. <1> -eka R11, termination of loanwords Ekanayake (n, surname): ඒනය eekanaayaka elder brother: ayiyaa R21 elderly (adj, syn ‘older’, ‘adult’): වꗒහ鷒 væDihiTi SdS elder sister: akkaa R21, akki election: ම뗒වරණය mætivarane, PL mativarana general election: maha mætivarana electric (adj): ǒ뷔 viduli, electric fan: ǒ뷔 පව <1>, <2>, ෆ්තො엊 එ fææn eka CS electric power station: ǒ뷔 බලරය <1>, the Ceylon Electricity Board: ල ǒ뷔බල මඩලය electrician (n): ඉතොගෙල鷊ෂ엊 ilekTrişan electricity (n): ǒදද‍ ය vidyutaya <1>, elephant (Elephas maximus L.): අය aliyaa, indef. aliyek, PL ali R4; ඇ ætaa <1> Song: The elephant is very big/the trunk long/while bathing in the river/being like a black rock (gneiss): අය මහ තොගෙල槔ය/තොගෙහඬ වලත 뷒ය/තොගෙ දල නවන තොගෙට/ᗔ ල槊 වතොගෙය. MAs Elephantopus scaber L. (Bot., medicinal herb): අත අꗒ at aDi <1> Eleusine coracana L. (Bot., finger millet): 槔ර槊엊 kurakkan <1>; key substitute for rice in the Dry Zone Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. (Bot., Eng. Crowfoot grass, med. herb): තොගෙබලණ belatana <1> eleven: එතොගෙළහ ekolaha R10 eleven and a half (colloq): ekolahamaara FGdS188 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 64 eleven-: ekolos R11 else (=other; selectional adj. as in‘what else’): තොගෙවන vena K24 what else do you want? ඔයට තොගෙවන තොගෙමනවද ඕනK24 Where else did you go? vena koheda giyee? Who else is coming? vena kavuda enne? Today, he is going somewhere else (Lit ‘another journey’): අද එය තොගෙවන මන槊 යනව. K120 Elu (n): term given to the pure dialect of Sinhala, unmixed with foreign words. Pali Sinhala (Sanskrit Sinhala)=Sinhala=hela=Elu e-mail (n): ඊතොගෙමල iimeel read e-mail: ඊතොගෙමල බල엊න <1> Emilia sonchifolia L. (Bot., medicinal herb): ꗔ පහර kaDu pahara <1>, <2>, employee (n): තොගෙස්සු වය seevakayaa (syn ‘salesman’) employer (n): තොගෙස්සු ව තොගෙයජය seeva yoojakayaa ‘employment’, (n, syn ‘livelihood’): 槓ර槊ෂව rækii-rakshaa, cognate words of new + old meaning DC87 -en R10, instrumental case ending end (n): ivaraya R28; අ aga, PL agaval K232; අ엊뗒ම antima (syn. ‘last’, ‘final’, ‘extreme’) FGdS223 the end of the year: avurudda aga FGdS322 I think.NPT.EMP that (they) might hold (put) our exam towards the end of that month: maŋ hitanne apee vibaagee ee maasee.GEN agadi tiyanavaa ætiyi kiyalaayi. K232 Vacation will be given at the end of the month: nivaaDu denne maase antimee.GEN. FGdS223 at the end (adv): agadi MAs319 end (v. tr.): ivara karanavaa R21 enemy (n): ස්සු 뗔ර satura, PL ස්සු 뗔තොගෙර CS engage (v): get engaged (v, syn. ‘affiance’): NPT-IND ǒවහ 燒ǒස්සු 엊නව vivaaha givisa gannavaa (Lit ‘come to a marital agreement’) engagement (n, Econ., syn ‘enterprise’): වවස්සු ය vyavasaaya [vyǝvǝsaayǝ] England (n): එල엊ය** eŋgalanta* English (adj, i.e. language): ඉග්‍රීස iŋgriisi <1>, ඉගග‍ ස , ඉ燒ස, Don’t talk in English.INST: ඉග්‍රීග්‍රීසතොගෙය엊‍ ර엊න එප. FSI2:26 ‘English’ (n): ꗔව kaDuva / ඩ kaDDa, Lit ‘Sword’; the etymology of the term is based on the fact that just like a person wielding a sword skilfully gets an ‘undue’ advantage in the olden days; nowadays someone displaying a fluency in English gets an ‘undue’ advantage in most situations. ‘ꗔව’ is used as a metaphor to symbolize social discrimination. ‘Interview will be a breeze if fluent in English’: ඩ සරනම ඉ엊ටǒNJ එ තොගෙඩ. <1> English (n, i.e. citizen): එල엊ය We’re English: api eŋgalante (Lit ‘we’re of England’) FGdS276 You must be English: mahattayaa eŋgalanta venna æti. FGdS270 enjoy (v): NPT-IND vinooda venavaa, PT v. unaa, PP v. velaa, IMP v. venna They were very happy: එයල හඟ槊 ǒතොගෙනද ǔන. BH26 enjoy (vt): NPT-IND රස්සු ǒ췒නව rase viňdinavaa (Lit ‘experience taste’) S533, PT r. vindaa, PP r. viňdalaa, IMP r. viňdinna S293 enjoyment (n, syn. ‘joy’, ‘delight’, ‘fun’, s.DAT): ǒතොගෙනදය, ǒතොගෙනද vinooda, vinoode Then you go.NPT.EMP to meetings only for enjoyment? ehenam tamuse ræsvimvalaTa yanne vinooda venna vitarayi, needa? FGdS375 I grow flowers for pleasure.DAT: mama vinoodaTa mal vavanavaa. DC117 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 65 I enjoy it much: මට හ ǒතොගෙනදය! CS I feel sorry for the animals killed for fun: මම 뷔槊 තොගෙවනව ǒතොගෙනදයට ස්සු 뗔엊 මරන එ න. CS enlarge (v, syn. ‘make bigger’): NPT-IND loku karanavaa R14, PT l. kalaa, PP l. karalaa, IMP l. karanna engine: ඇ엊角ම ænjima, enjima R15 engineer: ඉ엊角තොගෙ엊 injineeru is enough (quasi-verb): ඇ뗒 æti R19 not enough: ම뷒 madi R19 That is not enough! ම뷒 ම뷒! madi madi! CS ‘He does not have enough points’: එයට ල槔귔 ම뷒. NeLC11 He has enough books: එයට ඇ뗒තොගෙව엊න තොගෙපත 뗒තොගෙයනව. <1> appeared to be insufficient: ම뷒 වතොගෙග තොගෙපනන CS Her work leaves much to be desired: එයතොගෙග වඩ තොගෙහඳටම ම뷒. <1> enter (vt): NPT-IND ඇ뗔ල රනව ætul karanavaa (syn.’insert’, ‘introduce’) S415, PT æ. kalaa, PP æ. karalaa, IMP æ. karanna enter (vi, o.DAT): NPT-IND ඇ뗔ල තොගෙවනව ætul venavaa FGdS355, PT æ. unaa, PP æ. velaa, IMP æ. venna We were not permitted to enter the hall: අපට ශලවට ඇ뗔ල තොගෙව엊න (අවස්සු ර) ල�තොගෙන නහ. <1> enter into (v): bahinavaa; cf. ‘get out’ entertain (v, syn ‘feed’, ‘treat with food and drink’): NPT-IND ස්සුග ග‍ හ රනව sangraha karanavaa environment (n): පස්සු රය parisaraya (syn. ‘habitat’), cf ‘ecology’, ‘surroundings’ environmental impact assessment (EIA): පස්සු  බලපම ඇම Epiphyllum oxypetalum (n, Bot, ‘Dutchman’s Pipe’, ‘Night Queen’): ꗖ퇖ල (මල) kaDuupuul mal; ꗔ퇔ල kaDupul <1>, <2>, <3>, equanimity, one of the Four Brahmavihaaras (sublime states): උතොගෙ퇊槊ෂවupekkhaa equipment (n): උපරණ upakarana The photocopier is an important piece of office equipment: තොගෙෆ්තොතොගෙටතොගෙ퇒 ය엊ත්‍රත්‍රය‍ වදත යල උපරණය槊. <1> erase: cf. ‘rub out’ erode (v): NPT-IND තොගෙහද යනව SdS89, ඛදනය soil e.; ඇ燒 ඛදනය gully e. <1>, <2>; soil הerosion (n): ඛදනය khaadunaya; (Geo) ප erosion (lit soil eroding.GER): පස්සු තොගෙහද යමSdS89 err (vi): varadinavaa R23, cf. ‘mistake’ error (n): වරද varada (syn ‘mistake’); තොගෙදෂය dooşaya grammatical error (n): වරණ වරද vyaakarana varada Ervatamia divaricata L. (Bot., medicinal herb): ව뗔ස뷊ද vatusudda <1>, <2> Erythrina subumbrans (Bot., medicinal plant with antibacterial percaptans): එරබ뷔 erabadu Erythrina variegata (Bot., coral tree): එරබ뷔 erabadu; proposed as a shade tree in tea plantations escape (vi): NPT-IND beerenavaa R25, PT beerunaa, PP beerilaa, IMP beerenna! S306 ; paanalaa yanavaa S534 They managed to save face by telling a lie (lit ‘Having told a lie, they were able to escape from shame’): ඒ තොගෙලල엊ට 퇔ව엊 උන තොගෙබව槊 කයල ල觊ජතොගෙව엊 තොගෙ�තොගෙර엊න. <1> especially (adv, syn. ’mostly’, ’rather’): වꗒතොගෙය엊 væDiyen, væDiyema R26 estate: වත vatta, PL vatu There are two rubber estates here: mehe tiyenavaa rabar vatu dekayi.AM. SdS1 etc.: ආ뷒 aadi (syn. ‘and so on’), තොගෙහම hema CS, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 66 Are there in this shop with sinhala books and so? තොගෙම තොගෙ සහල තොගෙපත තොගෙහම න뷊ද? CS eternalism (Bud.): sassatavaada ethnic conflict or crisis (n, Pol.): ජනව燒 අ�දය <1> ethnicity (n): jaatiya Euphorbia tirucalli (Bot., ‘Indian Tree Spurge’): නවහ엊뷒 nava-handi; ornamental plant <1> even (adv): වත vat R9, R30; ම뷒වට madivaTa; -ත -t Even the son doesn’t have books: putaaTa vat pot nææ. FGdS266 We will even go to a village: api gamakaTat yanavaa R2 There isn't even sugar in this shop: තොගෙම තොගෙ ී엒ත න. K240 even if (grammar, v.ACT.INDEP): verb.PT+-at, called action-independent form Even if you come.ACT.INDEP, I will not come: oyaa aavat mama enne nææ. Even if mother does not give.ACT.INDEP, I will give: ammaa dunne nætat mama denavaa. SP1:142 even though ( ): -ත -t Even though I was born in Canada, my parents are American: මම නඩතොගෙNJ ඉප뷔නත මතොගෙග තොගෙදමNJ퇒තොගෙය අතොගෙම엊. FSI2:165 even then: ee unat DS66 evening: හවස්සු havasa R12, savasa, හ엊දව hændææ R17 good evening: සභාෂාවල් දැනගන් ස්සු엊දව槊subha sændæævak / hændæævak veevaa! event (n): ස뷊쇒ය sidDhiya [siddiə] cf. ‘happen’, PL sidDhi [ස뷊뷒] every (adj, syn. ‘all’): හම…ම* hæma R18, ස්සු ම** S216 every year.AM: hæma avurudde ma FGdS373 every dog.AM: hæma ballaama Every child received a gift: හම ළමයටම ග槊 ල�න. <1> everybody (pron): kavurut [kaurut] (refers to people only) R30; okkoma; තොගෙස්සු රම seerama (syn. ‘all’) FGdS229 Everybody is doing fine (Lit ’living ok’): kavurut hoňdiŋ innavaa K170 Please, come everybody to eat: karunaakara kavurut kææmaTa enna. SG Everybody went home: seerama gamaTa giyaa. FGdS229 almost everybody: ǔත වතොගෙග kavurut vaagee <1> everyday (n, lit ’from day to day’): එ뷒තොගෙනද edinedaa It’s one of our everyday activities: ඒ අතොගෙ퇊 එ뷒තොගෙනද කයරමව엊 එ槊. <1> everyone (pron): kookat R30, හතොගෙමම* hæmooma, hævoma R18, okkoma, හමතොගෙදනම hæmadenaa(ma) S216 Everybody knows that: hæmadenaama eeka dannavaa. S216 everything (pron): hæmadeema; seerama (syn. ’all’) FGdS229 Everything is at the corner: seerama handiye tiyenavaa. FGdS229 everywhere (adv): kohet R30, hæmatænakama, හම නම hæmatænama S216 I looked for you everywhere: mama hæmatænama oyaava bæluvaa. S216 every day: hæmadaama R1 in every way: kohomat R30 evil acts (n): බ වඩ CS evil eye (‘the evil eye’): æs vaha evil tongue (‘the evil tongue’): kaTa vaha (i.e. ‘evil mouth’) exactly (adv): හයට hariyaTa R10, හයටම hariyaTama S506 exactly on time (punctually): hariyaTa vellavaTa R12 exam (n): ǒභාෂාවල් දැනගන්යvibaage K231, PL vibaaga, cf. ‘pass’ the exam hold, place, keep the exam: vibaaga tiyenavaa K232 We have our exam this week: තොගෙම ස්සු 뗒තොගෙය අතොගෙ퇊ǒභාෂාවල්දැනගන්තොගෙ Do the exam well! hoňdaTa vibaage karanna! NeLC3 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 67 take an exam: vibaage liyanavaa MAs example (n): උදහරණය udaaharanaya except (prep): ඇර æra (cf. ‘besides’), æreddi DG76; ස්සු 槊 misa(k), R28, hæra S534 Make anything except tea: තොගෙත ඇර ඕන තොගෙදය槊 ර엊ඩ. <1> All ate rice except the father: taattaa æra kavurut bat kæævaa. DG76 exercise (n): NJයයමය vyaayaamaya CS Walking is a very good exercise: ඇǒ뷓ම ඉ තොගෙහඳ NJයයමය槊. CS excessive: වꗒ væDi R16, cf. ‘extra’ Coffee (is) not good (if you) drink.NPT.EMP too much: koopi hoňda nææ bonne væDiya (If so,) hundred (rupees) is too much: siiyaknam væDiyi.AM. If so, give me eighty rupees: ehenam rupiyal asuuvak denna. NeLC7 Excoecaria agallorha L. (Bot., water plant): thala, thel kiriya. <1> existence, cycle of- / repeated (Bud.): ස්සු ස්සු රයsamsaara exhausted, ref. broken expensive: ණ ganaŋ; very expensive: තොගෙබතොගෙහම ණ, 燒엒 ණ엊 rice is of course very expensive now: ද හල න තොගෙබතොගෙහම ණ get expensive: ganan yanavaa R26 exorcism: tovil; rituals carried out to ward off evil influences inflicted by demons. expect (v), cf. ‘hope’ expense: ස්සු 뗔ව gaastuva (orig. Port. ‘gasto’) How much for the bus fare to Matara? maatara bas gaastuva kiiyada? The bus leaves (is available).NPT.EMP at four o’clock, the fare is five fifty: bas eka tiyenne hataraTa, bas gaastuva pahayi panahayi. SG For a small fee those people that pull rickshaw carts, run very far: sulu gaastuvakaTa ee minissu rikşoo ædagana (‘pulling’) bohoma dura duvanavaa. SdS2 explain (vt, VOL): NPT-IND තොගෙරනව tooranavaa R19, PT teeruvaa, PP tooralaa* / tooraa**, IMP tooranna! S308; as opposed to teerenavaa (be understood, involitive R19), cf. ‘understand’ explain (to somebody): තොගෙත රල තොගෙදනව <1> explain (v, compound): NPT-IND ǒස්සු ර රනව vistara karanavaa (syn. ‘comment’, ‘describe’) MAs48 export (vt): NPT-IND 퇒ටරට යවනව piTaraTa yavanavaa, PT p. yævvaa, PP p. yavalaa, IMP p. yavanna S277, We still export coconut copra: අ퇒 වමත තොගෙපල තොගෙ퇊පර 퇒ටරට යවනව. extend (vt, ir): NPT-IND 뷒槊 රනව dik karanavaa, PT d. kalaa, PP d. karalaa, IMP d. karanna S130 to what extent? kohomaTa R30 to the extent (adv, of proportion): taramaTa, cf. ‘as’ The harder you work the higher grows the income: mahansi vena taramaTa aadaayama hondayi. DC203 extra (adv, syn. ‘further’, ‘plus’): වꗒ퇔ර væDipura, cf. ‘væDipurama’ extreme (adj, colloq): ප鷊ට paTTa extremely joyful (colloq): ප鷊ට ආල* <1> eye (n., inanim.): ඇහ* æhæ, PL æs; ඇස්සු ** æsa, PL æs; eyes open: æhærenavaa R22, ඇහනව close eyes: ඇහ 퇒යතොගෙවනව <1> eyebrow: ඇහ බම æhi bæma, ඇහ �ම æhi bima ‘evil eye’ (n, lit. ‘eye poison’): ඇස්සු වහ æsvaha <1>, <2>; cf. ‘evil mouth’ eye disease/pain/pang (n, Med, ‘ophthalmia’): e.g. 뗔엊ද ඇස්සු දව three days’ eye disease <1> return to index English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 68

F ෆ්තො ෆ්තො ෆ්තො ෆ්තො ෆ්තො ෆ ෆ ෆ ෆ ෆ්තො ෆ්තො තොගෙෆ්තො තොගෙෆ්තො බෆ්තො තොගෙෆ්තො තොගෙෆ්තො තොගෙෆ්තො f fa fā fæ fæ fi fī fu fū fṛ fṝ fe fē fai fo fō fau face: ණ, න, muuna, PL muunu; ණය** munaya then I wash (my) face: iilangaTa mama muune.LOC? soodanavaa SG facilitate (vt): NPT-IND පහසම ස්සු ලස්සු නව pahasukam salasanavaa (Lit ‘cause comfort’), PT p. sælasuvaa, PP p. salasalaa, IMP p. salasanna S309, fact / ‘the fact that’ (n, NM): බව bava, vaga R27b, ǒත뗒ය vittiya R31, satya karuna S535; රණව, pl karanaaval*, karanaa** JBD4:532 It is clear.AM that Ranjit wrote.PP-REL the letter: Ranjit liyuma liyapu vaga pæhædiliyi. DC191 It is true that that man is a thief: minihaa horaa bava ætta. DC191 He wrote a letter. That fact I know: eyaa liyumak livvaa. ee bava mama dannavaa. I know (the fact) that he wrote.PT-REL a letter: eyaa liyumak livva bava mama dannavaa. K159 That Ranjit was.PT-REL in the room.LOC, is a pack of lies: Ranjit kaamaree hiTiya bava / vaga / vittiya boru. DC191 (He) said those people are rich: ee gollo pohosat bava kivvaa. GP53 All know that the father is rich: taattaa pohosat bava kavurut dannavaa. DG82 having written these facts*: තොගෙම රණවල ය JBD4:532 ‘facts’ (n, idiom): උඩ යට uDa-yaTa, Lit ‘up + down’ DC88 factory (n): ප槊ට pækTari factory worker (n, syn ‘labourer’): kamkaarayaa MAs9 faeces: væsi; kakki (CDS child directed speech); 燖 guu (impolite!); මල mala (dung); වචස්සු (archaic formal term for excrement), 槔귔 kætakunu <1>; 槊 kakkaa CS faint (v, s.DAT): NPT-IND ල엊තොගෙ හතොගෙදනව kalante hædenavaa MAs322, PT k. hædunaa, PP k. hædilaa, IMP k. hædenna S286 People taking medicin will not faint: තොගෙබතොගෙහත තොගෙබන අයට ල엊තොගෙ හතොගෙද엊තොගෙන න. fair (n, syn ‘tradefair’, ‘market’): තොගෙපළ pola; ස්සු 엊තොගෙද sande (DM DIAL JBD4:143) The Sunday market of our village is the best fair of the (whole) area: apee gamee.LOC iridaa pola tamayi.FOC palate.LOC hoňdama iridaa pola. SdS1 fairy tale (n): සරඟන ව surabhanaa kataava CS faith: dahama SP1:15; බ槊뗒ය baktiya (syn. ‘belief’) CS; cf. ‘belief’ fall (vi, INV): NPT-IND වතොගෙටනව væTenavaa R18, PT væTunaa, PP væTilaa, IMP væTenna S286 every fruit that falls: væTena væTena geDi DC90 may / might fall.INFER: væTeevi, væTei DC74 cf. ‘gassanavaa’ When did that tree fall? ara gaha væTune kavadaada? FGdS245 The tank that the elephant fell into.PT-REL: aliyaa væTuna wæva DC132 We all have got (fallen).NPT.EMP into difficulty.LOC: api kavurut amaaruve væTilaa inne. <1> I saw a garden, where were fallen coconuts: තොගෙපල ව鷒臊ච වත මම ද槊. CS The tree fell from the wind.DAT: හළඟට හ ව鷔න. G27 cause to fall (v, VOL): NPT-IND ව鷊ටනව vaTTanavaa R18, PT vaTTuvaa, PP vaTTalaa, IMP vaTTanna S346 false (adj): cf. ‘lie’ family: පǔල pavula, GEN pavule/IND.GEN pavulaka, PL pavul ‘nuclear family’ (colloq.): apee katiye ???? a house of a family.IND.GEN: පǔල තොගෙදර槊 Tell (us) about your family: oyaagee pavula gæna kataa karanna. MAs15 family name (n, syn ‘surname’, ‘ge name’): වස්සු ම vaasagama <1>, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 69 famous (adj): ප ස뷊ධ prasidda [prəsiddə] (syn ‘important’?) a very famous place: bomoha prasidda tænak SdS1 He is well known as a teacher: එය 燔වරතොගෙය槊 හ鷒යට 퇊රස뷊දය. CS far (adv): ඈ ææta, 뷔ර dura R28, dura (related to distance) K74 Is it far to Matale? මතොගෙලට.DAT හඟ槊 뷔රද? K74 It is three miles far to Colombo.DAT: තොගෙළඹට හ뗔මම 뗔න槊 뷔රය. K75 Is it far from Peradeniya.LOC to Matale? තොගෙ퇊රතොගෙදණතොගෙය ඉඳල මතොගෙලට 뷔රද? ‘It is far away to Jaffna from here’: යපතොගෙ엊ට තොගෙමතොගෙහ ඉඳල තොගෙඩ槊 뷔රය. NeLC12 How far have you gone in biology? ඔය තොගෙ臊චර 뷔රට බතොගෙයතොගෙල角 ඉතොගෙන තද? MAs264 as far as possible: 퇔ᗔව엊 රම 뷔රට MAs264 Try to take your studies as far as possible: 퇔ᗔව엊 රම 뷔රට ඉතොගෙන엊න උතස්සු හ ර엊න. MAs264 farewell, cf ‘cheers’ farm (n): තොගෙǒපළ govipala [govipalə] MAD, තොගෙǒතොගෙපළ govipola MB farm (v): NPT-IND තොගෙǒ රනව govitæŋ karanavaa, PT g. kalaa, PP g. karalaa, IMP g. karanna When you cultivate, you must work hard: තොගෙǒ රන තොගෙට මහ엊ස තොගෙව엊න ඕන. <1> farmer: තොගෙǒය goviyaa, PL තොගෙǒතොගෙය farmers’ group: govi haula farmers’ caste / cultivators’ caste (n): තොගෙǒ 槔ලය govi kulaya, ‘තොගෙǒම’ govigama <1>, farming, syn. agriculture rice farming: Ǔ තොගෙǒන fart (v): NPT-IND පꗒනව paDinavaa fat (n): තොගෙල, තොගෙල tel R25 fat (adj, syn ’large’): ර tara, මහ mahata R5 get fat (v): NPT-IND mahat venavaa R19, PT m. unaa, PP m. velaa, IMP m. venna! ‘well-built’ (adj, idiom): usa-mahata, Lit ‘tall+fat’ DC86 father (n., anim.): ත taattaa, PL tattaalaa R1, R3A16; තꗒ taattanDi (resepectful); ත뗒 taatti (W DIAL JBD4:134); අ퇊ප臊ච appacci, apucca (Ka DIAL areas) R3A16; appaʧʧɪ (CDS, child directed speech); appaa R3; 퇒ය piyaa (a formal term of reference, not of address) R24, DC64; 퇒ය** piyaa**; step father: බ퇊ප baappaa CS, Father: budu taatte Father, save me: budu taatte maava beraganna <1>, father-in-law (n): maamaa, cf. ‘uncle’ DC65 fault (n): ව뷊ද værædda R20; වරද varada K22, PL væradi / varadaval (syn ‘mistake’) Ranjit’s.GEN fault: ranjit-ge varada DC129 How are you? itin kohomada? I am fine/ok: වරද槊 න varadak nææ / hoňdin innavaa NeLC11; ඔතොගෙහ ඉ엊නව ohee innavaa (Lit ‘There exist’, i.e. ‘I’m just fine’, ‘ok’) <1>, He has no fault (Lit ‘on hand’.LOC): eyaa atee varadak nææ. You’ve made a terrible mistake: ඔය රල 뗒තොගෙය엊තොගෙන තොගෙබතොගෙහම තොගෙල槔 ව뷊ද槊. <1> ‘favour’ (n, syn ‘help’, ‘assistance’): තොගෙපꗒ/ ච鷒 උදNJව* poDi udavvak; however important or serious a request is, one tends to hide the magnanimity of it by using the diminutive adjectives ‘podi/cuuti udawwak’ (‘a small favour’). <1> fear (n/adj): බය baya R29; opposite ‘without any fear’: බය槊 න뗔ව CS We all fear our boss.DAT: අ퇒 ඔ槊තොගෙම අතොගෙ퇊 තොගෙල槊ට බයය; We all fear for our jobs.INST: අ퇒 ඔ槊තොගෙම අතොගෙ퇊 රස්සු ස්සු න බතොගෙය엊 (රස්සු ස්සු න뗒 තොගෙවයදය ණස්සු ස්සු ලතොගෙල엊) ඉ엊තොගෙ엊. <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 70 fearless character (n): බය න뗒 뗒ය baya næti gatiya February (n): තොගෙපබරව මස්සුය pebaravaari R22 be/get fed up with (v, s.DAT): epaa venavaa I got fed up with books: maTa pot epaa unaa/vunaa. I won’t get fed up with going: maTa yanna epaa unee/vunee nææ. FGdS261 fee (n), cf. ‘expense’ feed (v, o.DAT): NPT-IND වනව kavanavaa The boy feeds the bull.DAT straw: ලමය තොගෙනට 퇒뷔 වනව. JWG2:67 feel (v, passive, s.DAT): NPT-IND දතොගෙනනව dænenavaa R12, PT dænunaa, PP dænilaa, IMP dænenna! S286 I feel a good smell: maTa.DAT hoňda suvandak dænenavaa. <1> I feel sad right now. මට තොගෙම තොගෙවලතොගෙව 뷔槊 දතොගෙනනව. <1> feeling (Bud.): vedanaa fellow (n): හදය haadayaa (syn. ‘bloke’, ‘chap’, ‘friend’) female, feminine (adj): ස්සු ත stri fence: වට væTa R23, PL වටවල væTaval <1>; (I) built (tied up) the fence: væTa bændaa FGdS244 I looked (to see) if Banda was building (lit ‘binding’) a fence: මම බඩ වට槊 බ췒නව ද බව. JWG2:62 fennel (n., spice Foeniculum officinalis): මහ뷔 ma(ha)duru <1>, fenugreek (n., spice Trigonella foenum-graecum): උහල uluhaal ferment (vti, i.e. ‘dough undergoing fermentation’): 퇒鷒 퇒තොගෙපනව piTi pipenavaa <1>, cf. inflection of ‘blossom’ Fernando (n, surname): ප්‍රප්‍රන엊뷔‍ prǝnaandu, fertile (adj): ස්සු ර saara (syn ‘rich’) become fertile (v): NPT-IND ස්සු ර වනව saara venavaa fertilise (v): තොගෙපර දනව poora to manure without rain: වස්සු ස්සු න뗒 තොගෙපර දනව CS fertilizer (n, syn ‘manure’): තොගෙපර* poora, තොගෙපතොගෙහර** pohora Some people put on fertilizer before plowing: samahara minissu haanna issaravelaa poora damanavaa. FSI:2:276 implement to disperse manure (agric): තොගෙප ලලල <1>; festival (n): උතස්සු වය utsavaya, utsave MAs320 festivity (n, syn. ‘wedding’, ‘useless matter’): magula R29A28 fever (n, s.DAT): උණ una R24 <1> he.DAT has fever: eyaaTa una; I.DAT got a fever; මට උණ නන. get fever (v): උණ 엊නව, උණ තොගෙනනව fever comes down: NPT-IND උණ බහනව una bahinavaa <1>, PT u. bæssaa I had fever and was in hospital: maTa una hædilaa.PP ispiritaale hiTiyaa NeLC3 few (pron): Tika; අꗔ aDu a few people (pron): 鷒 තොගෙදතොගෙන槊 Tikadenek R14 Those people not knowing are few: තොගෙනද엊න අය අꗔය. <1> the few: (inanim) 槓ප kiipa, (anim) kiipa denaa a few: 槓පය槊 kiipayak; e.g. a few books: තොගෙපත 槓පය槊 Give mee these few sigarettes: mee sigaræT kiipa maTa denna. These few boys don’t work: mee lamayi kiipa denaa væDa karanna nææ. FGdS189 Ficus bengalensis (n, Bot, Rel, Eng. ‘Banyan tree’): න nuga <1>, <2>, e.g. තොගෙල퇒鷒තොගෙය න ස්සු <1>, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 71 Ficus heterophylla L.f. (n, Bot, Eng ‘climbing stream fig’): වල ඇහ鷔 val æhæTu (lit ‘wild fig’) <1> field: 槔ර kum bura (PL kum buru) <1>; a field of cultivation IND: තොගෙǒ엊 ර엊න 槔ර槊 paddy field: තොගෙවල vela; small bunded terraced paddy field: ය뷊ද liyadda WIS15 fierce (adj): særa R14 fiercely (adv): særen, særeeTa R19 fifteen: පහතොගෙළව pahalova R10, පහතොගෙළහ** pahaloha, පලහ paalaha [paalǝha] (Ru DIAL JBD4:136) fifteen-: පහතොගෙළස්සු pahalos- R18 fifty: පනහ panaha fifty:fifty: පනහට පනහ fifty-: පනස්සු - panas- R19 fight (vti): NPT-IND හ엊නව gahaagannavaa R23, PT , PP , IMP ; NPT-IND ස්සු ට엊 රනවsaTaŋ karanavaa, PT , PP , IMP fight (n.): saTana (PL saTaŋ) file (n, i.e. datafile, syn. ‘collection’, ‘heap’): තොගෙනව gonuva fill (vt): NPT-IND 퇔රවනව puravanavaa R24, PT pirevvaa, PP puravalaa, IMP puravanna! S333 Fill (in) this form and return: menna mee kolee puravalaa [purəvəla] denna NeLC5 Fill in the blanks: හස්සු 엊 퇔රව엊ඩ. The bottle is full of tea (Lit ‘The bottle have been filled with tee’): තොගෙබලය තොගෙතව엊 퇔රවල. CS film (n.): චත්‍ර ප鷒ය citra paTiya (also picture) Our whole family watched a film yesterday: apee mulu pavulama iiye citra paTiyak bæluvaa. SP1:44 I loved ‘Avatar’; however, I wouldn’t call it my favourite: ‘Avatar’ චත්‍රත්‍රප鷒ය‍ මම ආස්සු තොගෙව엊 බව; ඒ උනත මම කය엊තොගෙන නහ ඒ මම ආස්සු ම චත්‍රත්‍රප鷒ය‍ කයල. <1> film (vti): චත්‍රප鷒යට 엊නව final (adj., syn. ‘last’): අවස්සු න avasaana, avasaan S411; අ엊뗒ම S536 They flew to Trichy, went on to Chennai by bus, and finally (i.e. final.DAT) decided to visit Bangalore too: ඒ අය ටට‍ චවලට 燔ව엒엊 燒හ엊, එ엒엊 බස්සු එතොගෙ槊 තොගෙච엊නය 燒හ엊, අ엊뗒මට බතොගෙල බල엊න ය엊නත 뗓රණය ළ. <1> finally (adv): අ엊뗒තොගෙම뷓 antimeedii; ය엊ම yantam (syn ‘barely’); cf ‘at last’ They hated each other at first, but finally they got married: ල뷓 ඒ තොගෙද엊න හ රතොගෙහ엊 හ鷒තොගෙ; ඒත අ엊뗒තොගෙම뷓 බ엊ද. <1> The exam is finally over: ǒභාෂාවල් දැනගන්තොගෙග ඉවරය ය엊ම. <1> find (for oneself) (vi): NPT-IND තොගෙස්සු ය 엊නව soyaa gannavaa FGdS257, PT s. gattaa, PP s. ?, IMP s. ganna Is it difficult to find (oneself) a servant? væDakaarayek soyaaganna amaaru-da? FGdS2:82 That type of friend is hard to find: ඒ වතොගෙග යᗔතොගෙව槊 තොගෙහය 엊න අමය. <1> fine (adj): yasa R17 (usually used sarcastically) fine (syn ‘ok’, i.e. ‘I’m fine’): වරද槊 න varadak nææ (lit. ‘I’m fine’); ඔතොගෙහ ඉ엊නව ohee innavaa “fine” (adj.): maara; fine, great, superb (often used ironically); strange, weird, unexpected ‘It took a hell of a long time’: ඒට මර තොගෙවලව槊 燒ය. <1> finger: æňgilla R24, PL æňgili (syn ‘toe’) The place is packed/crowded (idiom, Lit’you can’t poke a finger’): æňgillak gahanna bææ. FGdS313 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 72 finish (vt): (1) NPT-IND හමර රනව hamaara karanavaa R15, PT h. kalaa, PP h. karalaa, IMP h. karanna; (2) NPT-IND ඉවර රනව ivara karanavaa, PT i. kalaa, PP i. karalaa, IMP i. karanna; (3) NPT- IND අහවර රනව ahavara kanaravaa (syn ‘change’ in Southern Sinhala), PT , PP , IMP Tomorrow (I) shall finish the new road: heTa alut paara ivara karanna puluvani. FGsS246 They can finish the report next week: ee ayaTa puluvan ena satiye vaartaava ivara karanna. <1> I finished the letter quite a while ago: මම ම ඉවර රල තොගෙඩ槊 තොගෙවල. <1> I finish the work: මම වතොගෙ අහවර රනව. JBD4:117 Finish this job soon: තොගෙම වතොගෙ ඉ槊මනට ඉවර රලද엊න. S242 be finished / get finished / get done (v) NPT-IND ඉවර තොගෙවනව ivara venavaa, PT i. unaa, PP i. velaa, IMP i. venna The lecture finished before I understood: maTa teerenna issella lækcareka ivara unaa. finished: ivara R10 fire (n): 燒엊දර gindara R31 <1>; ginna, PL gini PROV: No smoke without a fire (lit ‘Smoke does not come without a fire’): 燒엊න槊 න뗒ව 뷔ම槊 තොගෙනන緒. JBD4:243 catch fire (v): NPT-IND 燒엒 엊නව gini gannavaa R27 (spontaneously), PT g. gattaa, PP , IMP g. ganna S127, make fire (v): gindara patukaranavaa The sunshine is like fire, no? avva gindara vageyi nee-da? FGdS2:142 Chauffer: The van caught fire from a burning petrol tank.ABL: ව엊 එ 燒엒තතොගෙත තොගෙපටට‍ ල ටකයට 燒엒 ඇǒතොගෙම엊 – ය뷔 <1>; fire/burn: 燒엒 අǔවනව, GER ඇǒම fire (v, syn ‘dismiss’, ‘remove’, ‘send away’): NPT-IND අස්සු රනව as karanavaa The gentleman fired those men.ACC from the job.ABL in the estate.LOC: mahattayaa ee minissunva vatte rassaaven askeruvaa. K229 firewood: දර dara R27 <1>, <2>, a portion of this firewood: mee dara valin koTasak තොගෙටස්සු 槊 I cut some firewood: dara Tikak kæpuvaa GFdS243 ‘firewood-bundle’: දර 鷒 JBD4:145 first (adj): පළතොගෙව엒 palaveni R18, palavæni S537; (ordinal number) palamuveni LP; ල mul (syn. ‘base’, ‘initial’, ‘original’, ‘root’) first one: පළතොගෙව엒ය the first of the kids: ළමය엊තොගෙ엊 පළතොගෙව엒ය. CS He was the best: පළතොගෙව엒යට ආව. CS foundation stone: mul gala first aid (n): ප්‍රප්‍රථමධර‍ prathamaadhara MAD <1>, first aid kit: 퇊රථමධර 鷊ටලය CS <1>, firstly (adv): issellaama R18; 엊(ම) mulin(ma); at first (adv): ල뷓 muladii First (firstly) you boil water; second (secondly) you pour it over the tea leaves;... finally you drink your tea: 엊ම ව뗔ර උ귔 රනව; තොගෙදතොගෙව엒යට තොගෙත තොගෙළ එට ඒ ව뗔ර දනව;... අ엊뗒මට තොගෙත තොගෙබනව. <1> first of all: is-issellaa R31A20, issaralaama, issaraalama MAs320 fish (n., anim.): මᗔව maaluvaa (alive), PL maaluvoo, ම maalu (for cooking) R27, S537 dried fish: රවල karavala [karəvələ] <1> There is fried, dried fish: karavala bædum tiyenavaa. NeLC There is.NPT.EMP only rice and dried fish for today’s meal: ada kææmaTa tiyenne batuyi karavalayi vitarayi.AM. SG fish, Maldive: warakaa, umbalakada some fish spp. in freshwater tanks: Lula, Mada Kanaya, Kawiya, Magura, Thilapiya, Anda, Korali, Pethiya and Weligowwa <1>, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 73 fish man, fish seller: maalu kaarayaa fish bun: maalu paan [maalu paaŋ] fishermen’s caste (n): රව 槔ලය karaava kulaya; fishermen inhabiting the littoral from Chilaw to Tangalle fisheries (n): ධවර** dhiivara** <1>, fifth (ordinal number): පස්සු තොගෙව엒 pasveni LP five : පහ paha R8 five-: pan- R18, pas- R11 five and a half (colloq): pahamaara FGdS188 fix (vt, ir): NPT-IND හය රනව hayi [hay] karanavaa, PT h. kalaa, PP h. karalaa, IMP h. karanna S130, cf. ‘hard’ flag (n): තොගෙꗒය koDiya, GEN koDiyee flat thing (n): තොගෙප뗒 peti rose petals (n): roosa peti tablets (n): behet peti <1> fish fillets (n): මᗔ තොගෙප뗒 maalu peti float (vi, ir): NPT-IND paavenavaa, NPT-REL paavena, PT paavunaa, PT-REL paavuna, PP paavelaa, IMP paavenna S125 The clouds that appear (float) in the sky: aakaase/ahase paavena valaakulu SP1:126 Oil floats on water.LOC: තොගෙල ව뗔තොගෙ පතොගෙවනව. <1> flood (n): ව뗔ර floor (n, syn. ‘ground’): �ම bima flow (vi, INV): (1) NPT-IND ලනව galanavaa, PT gæluvaa, PP galalaa, IMP galanna S277; cf. ‘get out’, bahinavaa (syn. ‘descend’, ‘flow down’) The river flows: gaňga galanavaa. DG70 A river flows in the middle of the village: gama mædden gaňgak bahinavaa. SdS1 flower (n): මල mala R30, PL mal flower plant: mal pælee flower vase: මල වස්සු We like flowers: අ퇒 මලවලට ම뗒ය. <1> ‘picking flowers’ (colloq slang): මල ඩනව mal kaDanavaa, i.e. engaging in flirtious chit- chat with member(s) of opposite sex; මල මම mal maamaa, i.e. male person with excessive such behaviours. <1> flower (v): cf. ‘bear flower or fruit for the first time’ pick flowers (v): NPT-IND මල තොගෙනලනව mal nelanavaa, PST fly (n): මස්සු ස්සු mæssaa, PL mæsso / මස mæsi <1>, ‘eye fly’: තොගෙ췔ව kooňduruva, PL kooňduru <1>; vector of topical diseases attacking open skin sores; cf. ‘oil cake’ fly (v): NPT-IND 퇒යඹනව piyaam banavaa, PT; fly (v): NPT-IND ඉ燒ලතොගෙලනව igillenavaa MAs320, focus affix (grammar): -e marks the verb of a focused sentence It was indeed woodwork that Siri did: ස තොගෙතොගෙව වꗔවඩ මය. How much rice was it that the child ate? තොගෙම ළමය බත තොගෙ臊චර ද තොගෙව? focused sentence (grammar): ‘cleft’ sentence (grammar): Some constituent of the sentence, often appearing to the right of the verb, is emphasized or foregrounded. This is done by G11 It is to Kalutara that this bus is going: තොගෙම බතොගෙස්සු ය엊තොගෙ엊 ᗔරට. G11 fold (v): නවනව navanavaa R24 folk high school: mahajana usas vidyaalaya (Sanskr.); ජන උස්සු ස්සු ǒ뷔හල janata usas viduhala fond of (adj, syn. ‘like’, s.DAT /s.NOM if cause is mentioned): aasa English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 74 I.DAT like very much to go to Nuwara Eliya: maTa hari aasayi nuvaraeliye yanna. S229 He/she.NOM is fond.AM of it.DAT: eyaa eekaTa aasayi. S230 Fonseka, Sarath (n, surname): ස්සු රත තොගෙෆ්තො엊තොගෙස්සු (හට퇔 හදප뗒) <1>, food: ම kææma R6 (syn. meal), PL kææm; ආහර aahaara <1>; (Budd., food for alms) දනය daane <1>, <2>, ‘food and beverages’: kææmabiima DC87, PL kææm biim ‘food that burns.NPT-REL the mouth’: kaTa dana kææma a la carte (lit. ‘on the menu list’): ආහර ව鷊තොගෙටව ප뷒 MAD food parcel (usually of rice): kææm paarsalee R17 food stalls set up by Buddhist devotees (n): ද엊ස්සු ල dansæla, provides free food and drinks to passersby / pilgrims. fool: තොගෙමඩය mooDayaa, ම鷊ට* mæTTaa <1>; ��බඩය (DIAL DM; syn ‘nincompoop’) JBD4:149 He’s no fool (Lit ‘He is not a fool’): එය තොගෙමඩතොගෙය槊 තොගෙනතොගෙමය. eyaa mooDayek nemeyi. You would be a fool if you believed that: ඒ ǒශවස්සු රනව නම ඔය තොගෙමඩතොගෙය槊. <1> foolish (adj): තොගෙමඩ mooDa R14 foot (n): පද pada(ya); පය paya SP1:11, පදය paadaya CS So how did you go? itin kohomada giyee? On foot (adv): පය엊 payin FGdS256 PROV: The travelled.PT.REL foot is worth a thousand: ඇǒ뷊ද පය දහස්සු වට. JBD4:242 foot (12"): aDiya R13 footpath: aDipaara R17 force (n): බලය balaya force (vt): NPT-IND බල රනව bala karanavaa Well, if (you) force (me), let’s eat: itin bala karanavaa nam kamu. FGdS2:84 I forced the child to go to Colombo: මම ළමයට තොගෙලඹට ය엊න බලතොගෙව. JWG3:135 ford (n, No ‘klopp’): 뗓ථය tiirtha (syn ‘ferry’) ford-maker (n): tiirthaNkara foreign minister (n): ǒතොගෙ뷊ශ ඇම뗒 videesha æmati foreigner (n): 퇒ටරට තොගෙතොගෙන槊 piTaraTa kenek One of her brothers is married to a foreigner: එයතොගෙග එ ස්සු තොගෙහදරතොගෙය槊 බඳල ඉ엊තොගෙ엊 퇒ටරට තොගෙතොගෙන槊. <1> forest (n): ලව kælææva, තොගෙල, ලය kælee R9, PL kælææ; vanee, PL vana; aDaviya; ළ엊 muukalan; cf. ‘Diyadawa’ as the moon light is to the jungle: තොගෙලට හඳ පNJව වතොගෙග <1> forest-dweller (n): වනවසය; forest-dwelling (adj): වනවස; forest-dwelling monk forestry (n): වන ǒදව vana vidyaava, gas kæpiima (i.e. trees felling) for example, for instance: uDaaharana hæTiyaata forget (v, s.DAT): amatakayi.AM, mataka nææ R25. forget (v): amataka karanavaa Forget about it! ඒ අම ර엊න! <1> forget (vti, s.DAT): NPT-IND අම තොගෙවනව amataka venavaa, PT a. unaa, PP a. velaa, IMP a. venna Oh, I.DAT forgot one thing: aa, maTa ekak amataka unaa. K When you don’t speak a language, you tend to forget it: bhaashaavak kataa keruvee nætuva ma mataka næti venavaa. NeLC3 He forgot to call home.DAT: එයට තොගෙදරට ර엊න අම උන forgive (vt): NPT-IND ස්සු මතොගෙවනව samaavenavaa, PT I am sorry, I am late (lit: ‘please forgive..’): නර ස්සු මතොගෙව엊න, මම පර槊槔 උන. CS English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 75 fork (n): ර퇊퇔ව gæærappuva (orig. Port. ‘garfo’); (agric): ලව mulluva, අත ලව at mulluva <1> form (n): තොගෙල*? form (Bud.): ruupa form (vi, passive, syn. ‘be formed’, ‘be created’, ‘grow’): NPT-IND හතොගෙදනව hædenavaa R12, PT hædunaa, PP hædilaa, IMP hædenna S286 Tea grows well in Sri Lanka.LOC: Lankaave hoňdaTa tee hædenavaa. former (adj): හට퇔 hiTapu R20A5 The former (Lit ‘that stayed’) teacher is now in Matale: hiTapu guruvarayaa dæn Maatalee. R20A5 formerly (adv): ඉස්සු ස්සුර issara (syn. ‘in the past’) R22 Before that I worked in a museum: ඊට ඉස්සු ස්සුර ම වඩ තොගෙළ තොගෙ뗔රය槊. <1> Fort (n): තොගෙ鷔ව koTuva; the central business district of Colombo <1>, <2>, and so forth, cf. ‘etc’ forty: හᗒහ hataliha [hatəlihə] R19, S35 forty-: හස්සු hatalis- R19 four: හර* hatara R8, ස්සු ර** fourteen: දහහර dahahatara R10 fourteenth (ordinal number): දහහරතොගෙව엒 fourth (ordinal number): ස්සු රව엒 hataraveni LP fox (n): හවල hivalaa, නය nariyaa The fox ate the fowl.ACC: නය 槔槔ලව ව. <1> fragrance (n): සවඳ suvaňda fragrant (adj): සවඳ suvaňda; fragrantly (adv): සවඳට suvaňdaTa free (adv/adj): 엒ම nikam(ma) (syn. ‘mere’, ‘simply’, ‘just’, ‘of itself’) R17; nidahas (syn. ‘independent’) S245 free (adj, Norw. ‘gratis’): තොගෙනතොගෙල nomilee Now people can go there free (of charge): ද엊 엒ස්සු ස엊ට තොගෙනතොගෙල එතොගෙහ ය엊න 퇔ව엊. <1> freedom (n, syn. ‘independence’): 엒දහස්සු nidahasa frequently (adv.): 엒ර nitara, nitara nitara FGdS2:80 very frequently: 엒රම nitarama ‘The elder sister sings frequently’: අ槊 엒රම ස엊뷔 කයනව. NeLC13 Friday (n): ස槔රද sikuraadaa R19 රණය, ීරණය siitakaranaya [siitəkərəne] (syn. ‘refrigerator’); ෆ්රිජ්ෆ්රිජ් එකේඅයිස්ක්රීම්තියෙන්නෙනෑ.JBD4:73,PPİ
Mhttp://www.uni-muenster.de/Ling/dow එකේඅයිස්ක්රීම්තියෙන්නෙනෑ.JBD4:73,PPİ
Mhttp://www.uni-muenster.de/Ling/dow觊 එ frijד :(fridge (n eka* <1>, friend (n): යᗔව yaaluvaa, PL yaaluvo R30; M යහᗔව yahaluvaa** RW, F තොගෙයතොගෙහᗒය** yeheliya JBD4:106; ත්‍රත්‍රය‍ mitrayaa <1>, 뗔 mituru (male), 뗔ය miturii (female f., girlfriend) DC83 best friend, best of friends: amba yahaluvaa (childhood friendship) become friends: yaalu venavaa Is Mr Ramanayake a friend of yours? Raamanaayaka mahattayaa yaaluvekda? NeLC6 friendship (n): යᗔම yaalu-kama, හදම* haadakama [haadəkamə] frightening: bayaanaka frog (n): තොගෙමබ gembaa R24, PL තොගෙමතොගෙබ gemboo, e.g. තොගෙමබ ස්සු හ 槔මය <1> from (prep): atin R13, ඉඳල iňdalaa, cf. ’be’ NeLC7, සට siTa** (syn ‘already’) What is the distance from Galle.GEN to Colombo? ලතොගෙල ඉඳල තොගෙළඹට තොගෙ臊චර 뷔ර ද? NeLC7 Lit: He came from Kandy: ohu nuvara siTa aaveeya**. S214 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 76 Today we go from Ambuluwawa to Kiribathgoda: අ퇒 අද අවව ීට කබතතොගෙඩට යනව.** CS ‘from…to…’ (with time expressions, dependent n/pron.GEN): iňdalaa…vena kaŋ. FGdS2:72, ඉඳ엊 iňdan…vena kaŋ DC120; iňdalaa…venakal BH12 From twelve.GEN noon to one: daval dolahe iňdalaa eka vena kaŋ. From 2 a.m.GEN until dawn: rææ dekee iňdalaa eli vena kaŋ. We work from eight.GEN o’clock to five o’clock: api aTee indan pahaa vena kan væDa karanavaa. DC120 since yesterday: ඊතොගෙය ඉඳ엊 We work from Monday to Friday: ස්සු 엊뷔ද ඉඳල සරද තොගෙවනල අ퇒 වඩරනව. BH12 ‘from…to…’ (with place expressions, dependent n/pron.GEN): iňdalaa…place to which.DAT. FGdS2:72 From here.GEN to Kalutara: mehee iňdalaa kalutaraTa.DAT in front of: issaraha R25B28, cf. ‘opposite’ (I) am getting off in front of: issaraha bahinavaa There is a big tree in front of the school: ඉස්සු තොගෙතොගෙල ඉස්සු ස්සු රහ තොගෙල槔 හ槊 뗒තොගෙයනව. NeLC15 in front of the gate: geeTuva issaraha FGdS152 frost (n): 뗔ෂර tuşaara (syn ‘dew’, ‘dow’, ‘rime’, ‘snow’) fruit (n): තොගෙꗒය geDiya R13, R20, GEN geDiye, PL geDi; පල뗔 palaturu; පල pala We gain no results {from working hard}.PT-REL.ABL: mahansi velaa wæDa karapu eken palak nææ. <1> fruit-like thing (n): geDi ‘cakes’ (whole): keek geDi; ‘loaf of bread’: paaŋ geDi; ‘eggplants’: vambaTu geDi; ‘limes’: dehi geDi fry (vt): NPT-IND බ뷒නව badinavaa, PT bæddaa, PP bædalaa, IMP badinna S280 Food fried.PP-REL in fat.INST is too heavy, isn’t it? telen bædapu kææma bara væDiyi, nee-da? FGdS336 fry by oneself (v): NPT-IND බද 엊නව bæda gannavaa The boy fries an egg himself: තොගෙලල �තරය槊 බද 엊නව. JBD4:115 ‘frying pan’ (n): 臊චය taacci (Port. ‘tacho’), e.g. තොගෙල 臊චය <1>, බල kabala PROV: ‘like falling from the frying-pan to the hearth’ (idiom): බතොගෙල엊 ᗒ퇒ට ව鷔ණ වතොගෙ JBD4:238 be full (vti, i.e. fill): NPT-IND 퇒තොගෙරනව pirenavaa R21, PT pirunaa, PP pirilaa*, IMP pirenna, NPT-REL pirena, PT-REL piruna full stomach (adj): baDa pirena; baDa pirilaa S539 It’s full! pirilaa! fullmoon day: uposatha full stop/period (gram): ෴ cf ‘punctuation’ fund (n): දල mudala, PL , GEN mudale (syn ‘money’, ‘sum’); ල දල mul mudala, අරදල aramudala (syn ‘bank capital’, ‘trust’) funeral (n): මළම malagama [malǝgamǝ] funeral house: මළ තොගෙදර mala gedara <1> future: අනය anaagataya in the future: idiriyaTa R29 in the near future: ada heTa (Lit today or tomorrow) R2 (Wishing) you a good (prosperous) future! ඔබට සභාෂාවල් දැනගන් අනය槊! <1> ‘the pure language’s future’: අනය තොගෙහළ භාෂාවල් දැනගන්ෂව anaagataya hela bhaasaava future termination: -ññam, -ññaa R14 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 77

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G ග 燒 燓 燔 燖 තොගෙ තොගෙග බ තොගෙ තොගෙ තොගෙ g ga gā gæ gæ gi gī gu gū gṛ gṝ ge gē gai go gō gau

ඝ ඝ ඝ ඝ ඝ ඝ ඝ ඝ ඝ ඝ ඝ තොගෙඝ තොගෙඝ බඝ තොගෙඝ තොගෙඝ තොගෙඝ ඝ තොගෙඝ තොගෙඝ බඝ තොගෙඝ තොගෙඝ තොගෙඝ gh gha ghā ghæ ghæ ghi ghī ghu ghū ghṛ ghṝ ghe ghē ghai gho ghō ghau

-gala (name, suffix): etym. ’rock’ Galkaduwa (village name): ලꗔව -galla (name, suffix): from ’-gala’ (cf.) or alternatively ’golla’, etym. ’cluster’/’thicket’ Galle (n): ලල gaalu, gaalla R8 <1>, <2>, GEN gaalle (lit ’of Galle’), gaallaa (lit ’native of Galle’) K2:27 Gamage (n, surname): මතොගෙග gamagee, etym. ‘house of the village chief (gamaraala)’ ’gang’ (n, colloq slang): 엊සය gænsiya garage: රජය garaaj-eka, PL garaaj, , GEN garaaj-ekee, the garage where Ranjit works.NPT-REL: ranjit væDa karana garaajaya DC131 garbage (n): ස්සු ළ kasala (syn. ’trash’, ’refuse’) Garcinia hermonii L. (Bot., TRF understorey): Garcinia quaesita Pierre (n, Bot, syn. G. gummi-gutta, G. cambogia, TRF, Eng ’gambooge’): තොගෙර gorakaa, ratu gorakaa, heen gorakaa, kana gorakaa; the dried rind of the fruit is astringent and antiseptic and used for washing ulcers and for anorexia and chronic dyspepsia, also employed for flavouring curries. <1>, <2>, <3>, Garcinia zeylanica (n, Bot, TRF): ela goraka garden: වත vatta R24, PL vatu (syn. orchard, kitchen-garden, estate), e.g. මදවත Mædavatta (Lit ‘the centre of a garden’; small suburb of Matara) <1>; cf ‘goda’ (තොගෙඩ තොගෙǒන) botanical garden: මලවත garlic (n): ස뷔 න sudu luunu R20, Allium sativum Linn. <1> garment: æňduma R25 ’garment workers’ (n, impol): jukiyoo, juki kello, juki kæli, gas cooker, gas burner, gas ring (n): ස්සු ප gææs lipa MAs46 <1>, gate (n): තොගෙග鷊鷔ව geeTTuva NeLC6 <1>, PL තොගෙග鷊鷔 His name is on the gate: geeTTuve.LOC name gahalaa (PP of gahanavaa, i.e. ’beaten’) tiyenavaa. NeLC6 -ge, -gee: genetive case-ending R3 gecko (n): cf. ’lizard-like’ gem: මණ mænika (PL mænik) <1>, රතනය ratnaya (syn. ’jewel’, ’treasure’) -gen: ablative case-ending R10 gender (grammar, i.e. grammatical gender independent of sex): Some substantives, primarily numerals, have animate ANIM and inanimate INAN gender forms. Ex: ’dennaa’ and ’deka’ (’two’) general: ස්සු මන saamaanya English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 78 generally: ස්සු මනතොගෙය엊 saamaanyayen (syn. normally, usually, currently) Usually, mother is preparing (cooking).NPT.EMP breakfast: saamaanyayen udee kææma uyanne ammaa. SG genetive ending: -gee R3 gentleman (n): මහතය* mahattayaa, PL mahatturu; මහතමය** mahatmayaa, an honorific term, but now applied to anyone wearing trousers, PL mahattvaru FGdS271 (i.e. ‘gentlemen’)/PL mahatmayaalaa (i.e. PL ‘you’) FGdS274 (Mr.): mahattayaa R1, PL mahatturu R11, mahattamayaa geography: භතොගෙල ǒ뷔්‍යාවව bhuugoolavidyaa bhuugoola vidyaava get (vt, VOL, ir, syn. ‘acquire’): (1) NPT-IND ලබ엊නව labaagannavaa, PT l.gattaa, PP l.gena, IMP l.ganna S127; (2) NPT-IND 엊නව gannavaa, PT gattaa, PP gena**/araŋ*, IMP ganna, GER gæniima S127 Can you tell me a good place to get medicine: behet ganna.NPT-REL hoňda tænak kiyanavaada? SG She managed to get a promotion. එයට උස්සු ස්සු Ǔම槊 ලබ 엊න 퇔ව엊 උන. I asked him to get me a pay rise: මට පꗒ වꗒǓ槊 ලබ තොගෙද엊න කයල මම එයට කNJව. <1> get (v. INV., s.DAT): NPT-IND ලතොගෙබනව læbenavaa, PT læbunaa, PP læbilaa, IMP læbenna S286 I got it: maTa eeka læbunaa. S539 this dog got from where? mee balaava.ACC læbune kohenda? The child got a present. ළමයට ග槊 ල�න. <1> get back: ආපහ 엊නව aapahu gannavaa K67 get a chance (v, syn. ‘have an opportunity’, s.DAT): hamba venavaa Here I don’t get a chance to speak Sinhala: mehee maTa siŋhala kataa karanna hamba venne nææ. FGdS265 get out, get down (vi, syn. ‘descend’, ‘enter into’): NPT-IND බහනව bahinavaa R11 / basinavaa, PT bæssaa, PP bæhælaa, IMP bahinna S283, PRES.CON bæhæ bæhæ innavaa (is getting out) SP1:111, The school children.NPT-REL got off the bus quickly: iskoole yana lamayi ikmanaTa bus eken bæssaa. SP1:44; He’s got off the bus: එය බස්සු එතොගෙ엊 බහල. <1> entering social work: samaaja væDavalaTa bahinavaa FGdS2:81 Tyre got flat (Lit ‘Tyre air got out’): ටය එතොගෙ槊 හළ බහල. CS get up (vt, syn. ‘arise’, ‘stand’, ‘wake’): NPT-IND න燒鷒නව nægiTinavaa R25, PT nægiTTaa, PP nægiTalaa, IMP nægiTinna! S320, SP60, PRES.CON nægiTa nægiTa innavaa (is getting up) SP1:111, The child wakes: ලමය න燒鷒නව. JWG2:70 Grandfather got up early in the morning: siyaa paandarin nægiTTaa. SP1:44 get to awaken (get to get up) (v): NPT-IND න燒鷊ටනව nægiTTanavaa I awaken the child (lit ‘I get the child awakened by someone’): මම ලමය න燒鷊ටනව. I get the girl.DAT to awaken the child: මම තොගෙලලට කයල ලමය න燒鷊ටනව. JWG2:70 ghost (n): අවරය avataare MAs319 gift (n): ග tæægga, PL 燒 tæægi; (Budd., gifts to monks) 퇒ර pirikara <1>, gingelly (n): ල tala, ල තොගෙල, i.e. the oil obtained from sesame seeds <1>, ginger (n., spice Zingiber officinale): ඉ緔 iguru <1>, PROV: ‘like taking chillies after giving ginger (idiom ‘of some false exchange’): ඉ緔 뷓ල ස්සු ත වතොගෙ JBD4:239 girl (n, anim): න ළමය gæænu lamayaa; තොගෙලල kella R24 (very unpolite!), IND kellek, PL kelloo JBD4:60; පච pæŋci (DIAL 4K, syn ‘lass’) very small girl (n): 鷒ක ය* (lit ‘very small woman’) They all are girls in Chitra’s family: citra-ge pavule.LOC okkoma gæænu lamayi. <1> girl (not faithful, slang): ලල English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 79 give (vt, ir.): NPT-IND denavaa R2, R6, R15A1, PT dunnaa R3, PP diilaa* R15/ dii**, IMP denna! S124, FUT.COND dunnot, GER 뷓ම diima (giving, grant, cession, bounty) S143, PRES.CON di dii innavaa (is giving) SP1:111, HORT demu DC260, give to drink: povanavaa R18 give back: ආපහ තොගෙදනව aapahu denavaa K67 Siri gave us.DAT a dog.ACC today: Siri ada apaTa ballekva dunnaa Please give me that plate! karunaakara ara piňgaana 퇒ඟන maTa denna! SG (I) will give (you) the pen if (you) gave the book: pota dunnot pææna denavaa. S143 People transfer to dead persons their meritorious feelings (Budd.): minissu malagiya ayaTa.DAT pin denavaa DC113 He still hasn’t paid the money: salli taama dunne nææ. FGdS207 ‘Shall we call.HORT Ranjit.DAT? ranjit-Ta kool ekak demu-da? give (related to Buddhist monks): puujaa karanavaa (i.e. ‘offering’) glad: ස්සු 뗔鷔 satuTu, saTuvuu; ස්සු 엊තොගෙස්සු( ය) santoosa(-yi.AM) glass: Ǔ뷔ව viiduruva R22 (orig. Port. ‘vidro’), PL viiduru This glass of water is not good: mee vatura viiduruva hoňda nææ. SG glasses (n): 엊නꗒය, ඇස්සු 엊නꗒය (Lit ‘eyes mirror’), cf. ‘mirror’ global (adj): තොගෙය gooliiya (syn ‘spherical’) Sri Lanka is ‘no 1’ in global food security in South Asia: තොගෙය ආහර සර槊৒තොගෙව엊 ද槔귔 ආසයතොගෙNJ ප්‍රප්‍ර‍ ඛය ශශ‍ ලව. <1> Glycine max (Bot., ‘Soya bean’): තොගෙබ ම boo mææ Gmelina arborea (Bot., TRF NWFP): æt demata gneiss (n, similar to ‘granite’): කළ ගල kalu gal ‘Kalugal’ is required for the construction of the new railway: නව 뷔මය මය ඉ뷒කමට අවශශ‍ ᗔල. <1> go (vi, ir.): NPT-IND යනව yanavaa R1, R6A1, R13A8, R15A10, R23, PT 燒ය giyaa R2, PP gihin / gihillaa / gohin* R15, gos**, PLUP gihillaa tiyunaa FGdS360, IMP yanna! (pol.) / palayan! (impol.), NPT-REL yana, PT-REL giya R15b, GER යම yaama S122, PRES.CON yamin innavaa (is going) SP1:111, FUT.XXX yaavi, COND giyot, CONC giyat, You are going home: oba gedara yanavaa F1 They are going to the village: ee gollo gamaTa yanavaa F1 He is going to school: ohu iskooleTa yanavaa F1 go! palayan* (impol) R15 ‘Get outa here!’ (colloq slang): පලය엊 ය엊න* / අතොගෙ엊 පලය엊 බ ය엊න* (meaning: We don’t believe you’) Let us go: yaŋ* R15, yamu** Let us go, I am going.NPT.EMP that way too: yamu, mamat yanne ee pættaTa tamayi.FOC. NeLC6 (When) you have gone, return! oba gihin / gihillaa, enna! Taking leave of someone: ‘I/we will go and come’ denoting the Sinhala way of saying good bye where it is considered inauspicious to say I will go (and not return). <1> When you came, I had.PLUP gone: ohee ena koTa mama gihillaa tiyunaa. FGdS360 Father had not gone there: ත එතොගෙහ 燒හලල 뗒�තොගෙන න. <1> Go right: හයනව hari yanavaa R11 ‘Where (are you) going?’: තොගෙතොගෙහද ය엊තොගෙන? koheda yanne? (common greeting in rural areas) <1>; ‘To a place near by’: ලඟට laňgaTa (common answer) JBD4:10 Who is the person that went.PT-REL? giya kenaa kavuda? S439 If he goes.COND, I am not going: ඒ 엒හ 燒තොගෙයත මම ය엊තොගෙ엊 න. G100 Even if he goes.CONC, I am not going: ඒ 엒හ 燒යත මම ය엊තොගෙ엊 න. G100 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 80 ‘We would be the first even to hell’ (common joke in reference to people arriving at social events early): අ퇒 අපයට 燒තොගෙයත ඉස්සු ස්සු රලම යනව. MAs201 Even though he was going.DAT, I am not going: ඒ 엒හ 燒යට මම ය엊තොගෙ엊 න. G100 go (related to Buddhist monks): va’inavaa. goat (n): M එᗔව eluvaa, F එ臊ච elicci K2:25 goblet (n, syn ‘carafe’, ‘decanter’, ‘flagon’, clay pot for storing water, shaped with a bread lower part and a long neck with a small lid over it): 燔තොගෙලත뗔ව guruleettuva, <1>, <2>, <3>, god: devaa, deyiyaa; cf ‘deity’, ‘oh my god’ the god.HON.PLn: තොගෙදǒතොගෙය JBD4:58; God Vishnu: ǒෂ귔 තොගෙදǒතොගෙය JBD4:59 ‘God bless you’ (idiom., lit ‘may the gods protect’, s.DAT): තොගෙදǒ 퇒හටය devi pihiTayi; තොගෙදයය엊තොගෙ 퇒හටය deyiyange pihiTayi SP1:21 Thanks.ABL to gods.GEN, I passed the exam: deyiyange pihiTen wibaage paas unaa. <1> -goda (n, suffix): -තොගෙඩ -goDa etym. ’land’/‘hillock’/’pile’/’heap’ non-shifting highland homestead cultivation: තොගෙඩ තොගෙǒන going (n, GER): yaama Going there is good: ehe yaama hoňdayi.AM. S144 gold (n): ර엊 ran <1>; golden: ර엊 පට; Gomphrena globosa L. (Bot., medicinal): රජ තොගෙපතොගෙහ鷊鷔 raaja pohoTTu <1>, <2>, ‘gonibilla’: goonibillaa; the masked informant who publicly denounced members of his or her community to the counter-insurrectionary forces during 1987-1991; his head covered with a sack to protect his identity; gooni: sack good, good quality: hoňda R9, R16A1, R17A25, තොගෙහඳය (it is) good very good: hari şook ‘no good can come out of evil’ (proverb): තොගෙනතොගෙහ췒엊 තොගෙහඳ槊 තොගෙනතොගෙNJ ‘really good’ (adj, colloq slang): 燒엊දර වතොගෙග ‍ gindara vagee (Lit ‘like fire’, syn ‘maching the requirements’) <1> ‘goodbye’ (greeting): aayuboo [aayboo]!; host: gihin enna! [gihiŋ ennə]; visitor/person leaving: api gihin ennam [api gihiŋ ennaŋ] (Lit ‘we, having gone, will come’) FGdS276 goods (n, syn. ‘articles’), cf. ‘luggage’ Some of these goods are mine: තොගෙම බꗔව엊 ස්සු මහර槊 මතොගෙග. FSI2:66 Goonatillake (n, surname): 燖න뗒ල guunatilaka Goonawardena (n, surname): 燖නවධන guunavardhana goose (n): පතය paattaya, PL පතතොගෙය Gossypium herbaceum L (Bot., medicinal pl, syn ‘Levant cotton’): 퇔 kapu <1>, goTukola: a rice-accompanying vegetable side-dish, Centella asiatica or Hydrocotyle asiatica a leaf growing as a ground cover beneath tea bushes and in paddy fields. Government: ආꗔව aanDuva R26; රජය rajaya S244, පලන paalana CS, ape aanDuva; the post-colonial government of Mr. Bandaranaika This road is being built by the government: mee paara aanDuven.INST hadanavaa. FGdS327 Do all doctors in SL work for the government? (Lit ‘Are all Lankan doctors ‘government- submissive people’? laŋkaave dostaravaru seerama aanDuva yaTate væDa karana aya-da? They work.NPT.EMP for the government only in hospitals: ee golla anDuva yaTate væDa karanne ispiritaalavala vitarayi.AM. FGdS2:66 It is not for the Norwegian government that I work: මම වඩ ර엊තොගෙන තොගෙනතොගෙNJ ආꗔතොගෙNJ තොගෙනතොගෙමය. FSI2:77 Local government: පළත ආꗔව MAD Government Agent (n): 뷒ස්සු ප뗒 diyaapati, administrative head of public services in the district <1>, governmental (adj): ආꗔව 퇒ᗒබඳ aanDuva pilibaňda English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 81 Earlier on, he worked in a governmental school: එය 엊 වඩ තොගෙතොගෙNJ ආ엊ꗔතොගෙNJ ඉස්සු තොගෙතොගෙල. BH6 ‘Goyigama’: farmers’ caste grade (n, syn ‘class’): ප엊뗒ය, ප뗒ය, ප槊뗒ය in first grade: පළතොගෙව엒 ප엊뗒තොගෙ palaveni pantiyee; in second grade: deveni pantiyee graduate (v): NPT-IND උප쇒ය槊 ලබනව upaadhiyak labanavaa / gannavaa, PT u. læbuvaa / gattaa, PP u. labalaa / gena, IMP u. labanna / ganna NPT-REL u. labana / gana, GER u. læbiima / gæniima S277 <1> graduation (n): උප쇒ය upaadhiya; උප쇒ය槊 ල�ම upaadhiyak læbiima.GER gram (n): ගග‍ම එ grææm eka, PL grææm ‘Grama Niladhari’ divisions: ගම 엒ළධ තොගෙ鷊ඨශ graama niladhaari koTTaasha, lowest level of local government grammar (n): වවරණ‍ vyaakarana gramodaya (village re-awakening): graamoodaya J • gramodaya granary (storeroom): අ鷔ව aTuva; a cubical storage bin, barn or silo used for keeping paddy <1>; also a place above the hearth in a traditional kitchen used for storing vegetables, etc. MM; cf. ‘rice bin’ elevated wicker frame for keeping paddy: aTumæssa; cf. ‘smoke rack’ dried and smoked pieces of jackfruit: අ鷔තොගෙස්සු aTukos, cf. ‘jackfruit’ grandchild (n): න퇔 munupuru DC83 granddaughter (n): 엒퇒ය minipirii DC64 grandfather (n): ීය siiyaa R21 (including brothers of certain grandparents and their respective husbands); ආ aataa, අත attaa, ක අත kiri-attaa, තොගෙල槔 අත (Ka DIAL JBD4:138), We call father’s father ‘siiya’: තතොගෙග තට අ퇒 කය엊තොගෙ엊 ීය කයල. FSI2:160 grandmother (n): ආ臊ච aacci R21 (including sisters of certain grandparents and their respective wives), PL accilaa; kiri ammaa R21, ᇓ엊 අත hiin attaa (Ka DIAL JBD4:138) We call mother’s mother ‘acci’: අමමතොගෙග අමමට අ퇒 කය엊තොගෙ엊 ආ臊ච කයල. We call father’s mother ‘acci’ also: තතොගෙග අමමටත අ퇒 කය엊තොගෙ엊 ආ臊ච කයල. FSI2:160 grandson (n): න퇔ර munupuraa DC64 grapes (n): 뷒 midi <1> grass (n): ණතොගෙළ tanakola R21 grateful (adj, syn. thankful): ස්සු 뗔뗒ව엊 stutivanta I'm grateful (to you) for your support / cooperation: ඔයතොගෙ/ඔබතොගෙග ස්සු හතොගෙයයට මම ස්සු 뗖뗒ව엊 තොගෙවනව <1>, gravel (n): තොගෙබරᗔ boralu gravy (n, i.e. ‘curry’, Norw. ‘saus’, ‘kraft’): තොගෙහ뷒 hodiyi S527, NeLC8 Don’t we need a gravy to eat string-hoppers? iňdiaappa kanna hodi oona needa? NeLC8 great (adj): මහ maha R8 It has been great meeting you! Oba hamuviima loku deyak! ‘great’ (adj., expressive): maru (syn. great, superb, super); şook, shook (syn. magnificent); එළක* elakiri (Lit ‘cow’s milk’, syn. ‘very good quality’) / එළ (shortened form) <1> green colour (n): තොගෙළපට kola paaTa (Lit:'the colour of leaves'), හ harita (syn. chlorophyll-) green leaves (n, i.e. vegetables): palaa jaati NeLC, e.g. goTukola, mukunuvænna, kaŋkuŋ a greeting: aayuboovan, aayi boo (Lit : 'live-you-long') R7 grey (adj): guru paaTa, ස뷔පට (i.e. grey hair) grief (sorrow), expressions of: ahoo, apoo, appoo, anee, appee, ammee DC58 grinding stone (n, i.e. saddle quern): miris gala; a flat stone used for grinding chillies, spices, etc. <1>, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 82 ground (n): �ම bima R21, PL biŋ play ground: තොගෙᗒ �ම barren ground, b. land (syn. ‘bad land’): 엒ස්සු  �ම ground floor: �ම මහල groundnut (n): රට觔 raTakaju (syn. ‘peanut’) <1>, <2>, group (n, of people): 鷊鷒ය kaTTiya; -තොගෙලල -golla Some (groups) grow tea: samahara kaTTiya tee vavanavaa. NeLC14 group of people: golla; two groups of people: degolla FGdS282 grow (vi, i.e.‘grow by itself’): NPT-IND වතොගෙවනව vævenavaa R30 / K85, PT vævunaa, PP vævilaa, IMP vævenna S286 What grows in this area mostly? තොගෙම පලතොගෙ.LOC වꗒතොගෙය වතොගෙව엊තොගෙන තොගෙමනවදK85 grow (vt): NPT-IND වවනව vavanavaa K85, PT vævvaa, PP vavalaa, IMP vavanna S277 Do many people grow coconut and rubber? හඟ槊 අය/엒ස්සු ස තොගෙපය රබය වවනවද? Mother grows vegetables, chilli and leaves in the home garden: ammaa gevatte.LOC elavalu, miris saha palaa vavanavaa. SG growing (VA) tree: hædena.VA gaha DC51 Nowadays much tea is grown in the hills: dæn kadukaree.LOC huňgak tee vavanavaa. <1> growl (v): NPT-IND තොගෙරවනව goravanavaa R18, PT , PP , IMP gruel (n, i. very thin porridge, almost soup): ඳ kæňda <1>, තොගෙළ ඳ <2>, Now I can’t eat rice. I had gruel: dæn bat kanna bææ. mama kæňda biuvaa. NeLC Can’t drink.DAT porridge in a hurry (DIAL 4K): හ엒 හ엒තොගෙ ඳ තොගෙබ엊ට බ. JBD4:154 guava: තොගෙ퇊ර peera, cf. ‘Psidium guajava’, guest (n): cf. ‘visitor’ guest-meal (n): අ뗔 බත JBD4:242 guilt guitar (n): 燒ටරය, giTaar eka Gunaratne / Goonaratne (n, surname): 燖නරතන guunaratna Gunasekara (n, surname): 燔ණතොගෙස්සු ර gunaseekara gunny / gunney (n, trad. of jute or sisal), cf. ‘sack’ <1>, gutter (n): 퇒හලල pihilla, 퇓ලල piilla, PL piili; i.e. small aqueduct to supply water, usually made of a split and scooped tree trunk/rail S464 ; ‘drinking and bathing pihilla’, i.e. drinking water from tank, bathing under pipe <1>, <2>, <3>, <4> Did (you) bath? Yes, I had a nice shower from the gutter.ABL (for myself): නවද? ඕNJ 퇓ලතොගෙල엊 තොගෙහඳට නත. næævaada? ov piillen hoňdaTa naagattaa. S242 Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) (Bot., woody climber, medicinal): masbedda <1>, <2>, return to index

H හ හ හ හ හ ᇓ හ ᇖ හ හ තොගෙහ තොගෙහ බහ තොගෙහ තොගෙහ තොගෙහ බහ තොගෙහ ha hā hæ hæ hi hī hu hū hṛ hṝ he hē hai ho hō hau

‘haa’ (colloq): oh habit (n, syn. ‘practice’): 퇔뷊ද purudda R28A15, PL 퇔뷔 purudu hail, hail storm (n, Norw ‘hagl’): ල වස්සු ස්සු(lit ‘stone rain’) hair: තොගෙඩ konDa, තොගෙඩය hair cut: තොගෙඩය 퇓ම konDaya kæpiima English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 83 ritual for a child’s first hair cut: හස්සු තොගෙස්සු 퇓ම She has long hair: එයට 뷒 තොගෙ엊ඩය槊 뗒යනව. <1> hair oil: hisa tel half (n): baagee R20; (a half, fraction), බය baagaya LP; half an hour: පය බය槊 CS (I) barely (finally) got half of it: yantam baagayak hamba unaa. FGdS258 and a half: -hamaara R9 half past: -hamaarayi In the morning the bus goes at half past seven: උතොගෙ뷊 බස්සු එ 뗒තොගෙය엊තොගෙන හය හමරට. <1> half (adv): බතොගෙට baageTa, cf. baageTa hall: ස්සු ලව saalaava; also cf ‘school’ reading hall: kiyəwiimsaala (kiyaw-iim + saala) <1> audience hall (DIAL Ka): මහ මꗔව maha maDuva, i.e. living room in traditional houses? sermon hall (Budd): බණ මꗔව bana maDuva <1> alms-hall (Budd): දන ස්සු ලව daana saalaava <1>, where the monks gather at different times during the day hama transformation (grammar), cf. ‘when’ (sequential) Hambantota: හමබ엊තොගෙට; one of three districts of Southern Province. <1>, <2>, hammer (n): 鷒ය miTiya R31, PL miTi First of all, we have to go and find a hammer, a screw-driver and some nails: 엊ම අ퇒 燒හ엊 තොගෙහය 엊න ඕන 鷒ය槔ය, ඉස්සු 槔퇊퇔 엒යන槔ය, ඇණ 鷒槔ය. <1> hand: අ ata R12, PL at; two hands: තොගෙද; both hands: තොගෙදත at the hand of: atin [atiŋ] R13, ate R20A, R14; atiŋ is etymologically the instrumental form of atə ‘hand’ [atə + iŋ]. We assume that atə has become grammaticalised as a postposition, and in its postpositional use it has lost its literal meaning as ‘with/by hand’, as can be seen by the following sentence: maa atiŋ ee wacəne kiyəvuna. 1SG atiŋ that word say.INV.PT ‘I said that word (unthinkingly).’ (Gair 1990:22) Eating rice is better.AM eating by hand.INST: bat kanakoTa atiŋ kana eka vaDaa hoňdayi. SG I have the key (Lit ‘In my hand is the key’): maŋ atee yatura tiyenavaa. DC120 ‘luck of hand’ (idiom): අත燔ණය; She has green fingers (lit ‘she has got a luck of hand growing plants’): එයට පල හටව엊න අත 燔ණය槊 뗒යනව. <1> handicrafts (n): ටයම kæTayam (syn. ‘carved’, ‘engraved’) handkerchief (n): තොගෙල엊සව leensuva NeLC, අත තොගෙල엊සව (Port. ‘lenço’) Mother, can I have a handkerchief: amme maTa leensuvak denna. NeLC hang (vt, tr, a person or a thing): NPT-IND එලලනව ellanavaa R30, PT elluvaa, PP ellalaa, IMP ellanda SP3:64 The man who is tapping, climbs the tree, cuts the end of the flower a little, and hangs a pot: ම뷒න 엒හ හට නල මල අ 鷒槊 පල 鷊鷒ය槊 එලලනව. JWG2:154 hang (v, int): NPT-IND ellenavaa, PT , PP , IMP The man hanged himself: 엒හ එලල මණ. <1> Hanguana malayana L. (Bot., mangrove grass plant): induru haphazardly: aavaaTa giyaaTa R25A24 happen (vi, ir.): NPT-IND ස뷊ද තොගෙවනව sidda venavaa R29, ; NPT-IND venavaa, PT vunaa / unaa* / vuuvaa**, PP velaa* / vii**, IMP vena, GER viima (happening), NPT-REL vena, PT-REL vecca (‘that happened’) S125, FUT veevi FGdS262, තොගෙවය veyi (must be or might/will happen) having got sick (Lit): asaniipa vii** SG What’s happening? තොගෙමනව ද තොගෙව엊න? Monava da venna? CS mokada venna? FGdS265 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 84 What happened? තොගෙමද උතොගෙ엊? mokada unee What happened to/about the loan? ganudenuvaTa mokada unee? FGdS257 The man might be able to go: mahattayaa yanna puluvan veevi. FGdS262 even if (it) happened: උනත <1> Hard work leads to tiredness (Lit ‘By hard work ‘tiredness’ might happen’): තොගෙවතොගෙහීතොගෙම엊 මහ엊ස තොගෙවය. CS It happened in the summer of 2006: ඒ ස뷊ද උතොගෙ엊 2006 ග්‍රීග්‍රීෂම‍ තොගෙල. <1> happiness (n): ස්සු 엊තොගෙෂය, ස්සු 뗔ට satuTa (syn ‘gladness’, ‘content’, ‘pleasure’) happy (adj): (1) ස්සු 뗔鷔satuTu; (2) ස්සු 엊තොගෙෂ santooşa (NPT-IND s.DAT; PT s.NOM); s.DAT when happiness is a momentary emotion JBD4:69 I.DAT am happy: මට ස්සු 뗔鷔ය. මට ස්සු 엊තොගෙස්සු ය CS; Children are happy: ළමය엊ට ස්සු 엊තොගෙස්සු ය JBD4:69 I am happy for you: oba gæna maTa.DAT santoosayi.AM. You are my only happiness: මතොගෙ එම ස්සු 뗔ට ඔබය. CS be happy (vi, ir.): NPT-IND ස්සු 엊තොගෙෂ තොගෙවනව santooşa venavaa, PT s. unaa, PP s. velaa, IMP s. venna I was very happy: mama.NOM hari santooşa unaa. ‘happy feeling’ (colloq): ආල* aatal, aatal eka, තොගෙස්සු ය* somiya (syn. ‘state of happiness’) harass (v): NPT-IND හහර රනව hirihæra karanavaa (Lit ‘make trouble’), PT h. kalaa, PP h. karalaa, INF=IMP h. karanna harassment (n): හහරම hard (adj): හයය hayiya S506 (syn ‘strong’); ද tada hard (adv, syn. ‘fast’, ‘aloud’): හයතොගෙය엊 hayiyen S506 become hard (v): hayi [hay] venavaa R19A10 -hari (suffix): adding indefiniteness to mokak, kavuru, kohee, kavadaa, kohoma; cf ‘-vat’ which adds emphasis The fool utters whatever comes to (his) mouth: mooDaya kaTaTa aa mokak hari kiyanavaa. Somebody (some one or other) must do this work: kavuru hari mee væDa karanna oonæ. That man lives somewhere (or other): ee minihaa kohee hari innavaa. I will go home some day (some time): mama kavadaa hari gedara yanavaa. I will do that work somehow: mama ee væDa kohoma hari karanavaa. DG79 harrow (n, agric): හතොගෙරව hæroova <1>, harsh (adj): kæta (syn. ‘dirty’, ‘ugly’), e.g. harsh words: වචන harvesting paddy (v): goviaŋ kapanavaa hat (n): toppiya, PL toppi hatch (vt): NPT-IND රකනව rakinavaa (syn. ‘observe’, ‘guard’, ‘protect’, ‘preserve’, ‘watch’) PT rækkaa, PP rækalaa, IMP rakinna S280, The female bird still hatches the remaining eggs: 槔ᗔ අමම වම ඉ뗔 �තතොගෙ රකනව. <1> hatchet (‘axe’): අත තොගෙපතොගෙරව porava axe-man: poroo-kaarayaa hate (n): බවරය vairaya, GEN vairayee hate (vt): NPT-IND බවර රනව vaira karanavaa have (vi, ir., VOL., ‘to be to inanim.’): NPT-IND 뗒තොගෙයනව tiyenavaa*/tibenavaa**, PT tibunaa, PP tibilaa*/tibii**, IMP – S135; gannavaa could have: tiyunaa R5 The child has a toy: lamayaaTa.DAT sellaŋbaDuvak tiyenavaa We have good cigars (Lit ‘by us there are g. c.): api laňga hoňda suruTTu tiyenavaa. FGdS19 I had some fever last night: iiye rææ Tikak una tibunaa NeLC4 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 85 Who have got money? ලඟද ස්සු ල 뗒තොගෙය엊තොගෙ엊? I have a little money on me: ම ලඟ ස්සු ල 鷒槊 뗒තොගෙයනව. FSI2:59 Have you got a pen? ඔය ළඟ පන槊 뗒යනවද? <1> We have (i.e. by necessity) to take the truck, don’t we? apiTa.DAT loriya geniyanna tiyenavaa, nee? FGdS246 If the boss comes, I’ll have to work: mahattayaa enavaa naŋ maTa væDa karanna venavaa. I had to go by foot: maTa payin yanna unaa. FGdS263 have (vi, ir., VOL., ‘to be to anim.’): NPT-IND innavaa, PT hiTiyaa, PP iňdalaa*/iňda**, IMP inna! S129 I have three younger brothers: මට.DAT මලල 뗔엊තොගෙදතොගෙන槊 ඉ엊නව That gentleman has five kids: ඒ මහතයට.DAT ළමය පස්සු තොගෙදතොගෙන槊 ඉ엊නව ...have to… (v., syn. ‘must’): s.DAT v.IMP + venavaa (indicating strong compulsion, the situation involved comes about without prior arrangement, or involuntarily) FGdS2:72 If Mr. Perera doesn’t come, I will have to do the work: pereeraa unnæhee enne nætnam maTa.DAT ee væDa karanDa.IMP venavaa. I had to go to the hospital to visit a sick friend: මට අස්සු 엓ප තොගෙවල ඉ엊න යᗔතොගෙව槊 බල엊න ඉස්සු 퇒තොගෙලට ය엊න උන. <1> Mr. Gunasekara might have to buy an estate: misTa gunaseekaraTa vattak ganna veevi. FGdS2:71 having (adj, syn ‘existing’): ඇ뗒 æti I know that the book is on the table: meesaya uDa pota æti bava mama dannavaa. S205 not having (adj., syn ‘not existing’): න뗒 næti Pamela knows that Nimal is not there: nimal nætibava paamelaa dannavaa. S206 he (pron): unnæhæ, උ엊නතොගෙහ unnæhe R1, R4A10, එය eyaa [eaa] (syn. ‘she’) R1, PL eyaalaa; -he R1, ඔහ ohu; තොගෙහතොගෙම** hetema** him DAT: එයට eyaaTa him ACC: එයව eyaava his GEN: එයතොගෙග* eyaagee head (n): ඔᗔව oluva R30B9, PL olu; හස්සු hisa, PL his; ඉහ iha [ihə] SP1:15 head.LOC ache: hisee kækkume, oluvee kækkuma have a headache: oluva kakiyanavaa MAs322 headman: aarachchi MM1, ගම තොගෙස්සු වය graama seevaka, රළහ raalahaami (syn. ‘Sir’, ), NeLC8, මරල gamaraala (i.e. ‘village headman’), maha gamaraala JS264 headquarter: ලස්සු ථනය muulasţaanaya heal (vt), cf. ‘cure’ health (n): ස්සු ප sæpa-saniipaස්සු 엓ප (Lit: ’prosperity ( and) health’) R7, R26A38; සව suva; තොගෙස්සු ඛය saukyaya May you be healthy! (optative form): sæpa veevaa! DC74 Are you allright now? dæn saniipada oyaaTa? Yes, I’m a bit better now: ov, dæn maTa Tikak saniipayi.AM. NeLC3 (My) son is well now: putaaTa.DAT dæn saniipayi.AM / putaa.DIR dæn saniipen.INST. FGdS2:88 Sri Lanka Saukyadana Movement: ශ ල තොගෙස්සු ඛයදන වපරය <1> heap (n, suffix): -තොගෙඩ -goDa, PL -goDaval (PL -goDaŋ DM DIAL JBD4:142) hear (v., INV., passively, s.DAT, ‘be heard’): NPT-IND ඇතොගෙස්සු නව æhenavaa R13, PT æhunaa, PP æhilaa, IMP æhenna S286; cf. ‘listen’ Okay? (Lit ‘Did you hear?): æhunaada? FGdS247 The child heard a noise: lamayaTa / lamayaa atiŋ saddayak æhunaa Mother heard Malini singing songs: ammaaTa maalini sindu kiyanavaa æhunaa. <1>, If the child hears music, he gets to dancing: ස엊뷔 ඇතොගෙහනව න ළමයට නතොගෙටනව. G102 cf. ‘ask’, ‘listen’ (v., VOL.): ahanavaa ‘hearsay’ evidential ( ): -lu English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 86 ‘What? Are you kidding?’ monavaa-lu? DC263 heart (n): හදව hadevata, PL හදවත <1>, broken heart �췔귔 හදව; hita (syn ‘mind’) ‘It breaks my heart’ (lit ‘hurts the mind’): hita ridenavaa; ‘My heart is on fire’ (lit ‘my mind is on fire’): hita gini gannavaa <1> hearth (the floor of a fire place): ᗒප lipa R27B34 <1>, Having put cold water in the kettle, keep it on the hearth: keetalayaTa æl-vatura daalaa, lipee.LOC tiyanna. FSI:2:223 PROV: The real economic situation of a family is reflected in the kitchen. (lit ‘How we eat, the hearth knows’): අප නස්සු 鷒 ᗒප ද엓.** JBD4:242, අ퇒 න හ鷒 ᗒප ද엓.* <1> heavy (adj): බර bara R28 That man weighs 200 kilos: ඒ 엒හ කතොගෙල ගග‍ ම 200 槊 බරය. height: උස්සු usa R5 heladiva: Ceylon Hela Havula (n): තොගෙහළ හǔළ Sinhalese literary association (Lit meaning ‘Ceylon partnership’) <1>, Helianthus annuus L. (Bot., Eng. Sunflower): ූය엊 suuriyakaanta <1>, <2> help (n): උදǔව udauva, උදNJව udavva help (v, o.DAT): NPT-IND උදǔ රනව udavu [udau] karanavaa / උදNJ රනව udav karanavaa / උදNJව රනව udavva karanavaa, PT u. keruvaa, PP u. karalaa, IMP u. karanna Another person helps me: ව තොගෙතොගෙන槊 මට උදNJ රනව. MAs171 What’s the use of friends who don’t help? උදNJ ර엊තොගෙන න뗒 යව엊තොගෙ엊 ඇ뗒 වතොගෙ තොගෙම槊 ද? I came.EMP to get.AM a little help from you regarding that: ඒ න ඔයතොගෙ엊 තොගෙපꗒ උදNJව槊 엊නය ආතොගෙව. <1> help (v): NPT-IND උපරරනව upakaarakaranavaa HELP (abbr.) for මනව පස්සු ර ස්සු ර槊ෂණ ස්සු මය Manawa Parisara(ya) Sanrakshana(ya) Sangamaya: Human Environment(al)/ecological Prevention/conservation League/society. Source: Wickramsinghe’s Sinhala-English Dictionary. helper (n): උදNJරය (lit ‘help-doer’) K2:25 helplessness (or sympathy), expressions of: anee anichchan, ane aparaade DC58 Hemidesmus indicus L (Bot., medicinal): ඉරස iramusu <1>, <2>, help/aid/refuge/relief/favour (from God): 퇒හට pihiTa hen (n): කකᗒ kikili K2:25 hence (syn. ‘this way’): mehen R10 her (pron), cf. ‘she’ Herath (n, surname): තොගෙහරත heerat herb (n): පල鷒ය pælææTiya herbal doctor (n, syn. physician): තොගෙවද vedaa R29 <1>, <2>, තොගෙවද මහතය herbal medicine: ආතොගෙNJද aayurveeda R29; e.g. news headline “තොගෙහරණ ආතොගෙNJද බවද පඨමල ඇරතොගෙ” (Horana Ayurveda medical course started…) <1>, herbal porridge: තොගෙළ ඳkola kæňda <1> herbal brew (n, Med): ස්සු ය kasaya, brew of medicinal plants, e.g. coriander and ginger is a simple treatment for the common cold. herd (n, syn ‘crowd’, politics): ළ ræla, ලල* rælla <1> here: mehe R2; තොගෙමන metana (Lit ‘this spot – by me’) R4; තොගෙ koo Give (it) here තොගෙ තොගෙද엊ඩ; Come here: එ엊න තොගෙ <1> Here.DAT I need a pair of scissors: මට තොගෙම엊ට 뗔ර槊 ඕන රනව. <1> heritage (n, syn ‘legacy’): උමය urumaya inheritor: උම槊රය K2:25 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 87 Hernandia nymphaefolia L. (Bot., thick mangrove shrubs): palatu heron (or crane, also ‘paddy-bird’ colloq): M තොගෙ kokaa (also nick name for a skinny tall person), F තොගෙක엒, තොගෙක엊엒kekinni K2:25; belikokaa, sudukokaa (white h.), kanakokaa (Ardeola leucoptera, half-blind h., or a heron appearing like a meditating saint), karavælkokaa, maanankokaa Hettiaracchi (n, surname): තොගෙහ鷊ටආර臊ච heTTiiaaracci, etym. ‘hetti’=’treasurer’, ‘banker’ or ‘wealthy merchant’ (orig. Pali ‘setti’) JBD3:31, ‘aaracci’=’village headman’ MAD Hewavitharana (n, surname): තොගෙහවǒරණ heevaavitaarana, etym. ‘heevaa’=’soldier, equipped with arms’ JBD3:31, Hibiscus abelmoschus L (Bot., medicinal pl, syn ‘Musk mallow’): 퇔 ක엒ස්සු ස්සු kapu kinissa <1>, Hibiscus esculentus L (Bot., medicinal pl, syn ‘okra’, ‘lady’s fingers’): බඩ槊 banDakkaa Hibiscus furcatus L (Bot, medicinal pl, ): න 퇒ත naa piritta <1>, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (Bot., medicinal PL, syn ‘red hibiscus’, ‘rose of China’): බ췔 වද baňdu vada Hibiscus tiliaceus L. (Bot., mangrove plant): තොගෙබප鷊ට belipatta hiccup (n): ඉ槊ව ikkaava, PL ikkaa hiccup (vi): ඉ槊 වතොගෙටනව ikkaa væTenavaa The child is giving a hiccup (Lit ‘To the child, the hiccups fall’): lamayaaTa.DAT ikkaa wæTenavaa. <1> hide (v, tr): NPT-IND හනව haŋganavaa [haŋgənəva], PT hæŋguvaa, PP haŋgalaa, IMP haŋganna SP3:65 the child whose handkerchief Ranjit hid.PT-REL: ranjit leensuva hangapu lamayaa DC132 high: usa R5 Kilimanjaro is the highest.EMP mountain.AM in Africa.LOC: කම엊ජතොගෙර (엊ද) අපපතොගෙNJ‍ උස්සු ම 엊දය. <1> ‘high-class people’ (n, idiom): loku loku (minissu), Lit ‘very big (people)’ DC90 highly: uDinma R20A34 hill: 엊ද kanda, PL kandu R14 hill country (n/adj): kaňduraTa S244; උඩරට upcountry; මලය රට malaya raTa JBD4:138 <1>, ‘Make storm in a tea cup’ (prov., Lit ‘from fibre.LOC hill make’): තොගෙ엊තොගෙ뷊 엊ද රනව. <1> ‘Pull on.IMP, son: not much more hill to go’: ædapan putaa tava Tikayi kanda. DC257 hilly (adj): 췔ර kaňdukara Is Nuwara Eliya in a hilly area? Nuvaraeliya kiyanne kaňdukara palaatak-da? NeLC12 hinda / nisaa transformation (grammar): v.NPT.VADJ/PT.VADJ/PP.VADJ + hinda, cf. ‘because’ Hindi (n): හ엊뷒 hindi Hindu temple (n): තොගෙǒල koovila, e.g. මතොගෙල හ엊뷔 තොගෙǒල <1>, නල තොගෙǒල <2>, hindrance (n, syn. ‘barrier’, ‘handicap’, ‘obstacle’): බධව** baadhaava, බදව* baadaava CS There is no problem about food: kææmen.INST? baadhaavak nææ. FGdS274 hire (vt): NPT-IND 槔යට 엊නව kuliyaTa gannavaa (syn. ‘rent’), PST hire a bicycle: බයසලය槊 槔යට 엊නව CS his (pron), cf. ‘he’ historical site (n): puraana tæna NeLC12 history (n, syn. record): ඉ뗒හස්සු යitihaasaya I teach.NPT.EMP history: mama ugannanne itihaasaya. NeLC11 hit (vt, o.DAT): NPT-IND හනව gahanavaa R15, R19A2, R20A16, PT gæhuvaa, PP , IMPgann the man hits the woman.DAT: minihaa gææniTa gahanavaa SG hit (vti, ir., passive, syn. ‘graze’, ‘collide’, ‘touch’): NPT-IND ව뷒නව vadinavaa, PT vædunaa, PP vædilaa*/vædii**, IMP vadinna! S132 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 88 hither: mehaaTa R4 he’s just wandering about: lamayaa ehaaTa mehaaTa yanavaa R4 holiday (n): 엒වꗔව nivaaDuva R22, PL nivaaDu; 엒වꗔ 뷒නය nivaaDu dinaya, PL n. dina (Norw. ‘helligdag’) <1>, <2>, Since it is a holiday, I have a lot of work to be done. Why? nivaaDu davasa nisaa væDa goDak tiyenavaa karanna. Æyi? NeLC15 Today and tomorrow the boss has holiday: තොගෙබස්සු අදය තොගෙහටය 엒වꗔ. <1> ‘Sir, would you mind my taking.PT.DAT leave, by any chance?’ saar, man nivaaDu gattaaTa kamak nædda? DC259 Holarrhena antidysenterica (Bot., medicinal tree): කවලල kirivælla <1> hole (n): 燔ල gula the hole that the cobra crept into: holy place (n): ස뷊ධස්සු ථනය siddhasthaane FGdS356 home: තොගෙදර gedara R2 ancestral home: maha gedara, ලතොගෙග mulgee JBD3:29, ල තොගෙදර mul gedara (syn. ‘homestead’) After breakfast, I leave my home.ABL: kææma kalaa mama gedarin yanavaa. FSI2:199 homeless (adj): තොගෙවල න뗒 geval næti honey: පණ, ප엒 pæni honey sieving: පණ හලනව pæni halanavaa, i.e. sifting/dropping/separating ‘honey hunter’ (n, colloq vulg): පණය pæniyaa (syn. ‘womanizer’) honest (adj): අව avaŋka, cf ‘politician’ an honest man: අව 엒තොගෙහ槊 <1> honesty (n): අවම avaŋkakama ‘hooniyam’, ‘hooniyama’: an evil spell or charm hope (n, syn. ‘expectation’): බලතොගෙපතොගෙරත뗔ව balaaporottuva I have been expecting a registered letter for about a week now: mama dæŋ sumaaneyak vitara rejisTar liyumak balaaporottuveŋ.INST innavaa. FGdS100, I didn’t expect to go: mama yanna balaaporottuven.INST vunne nææ. FGdS378 hope (vi, ir., syn. ‘expect’): NPT-IND බලතොගෙපතොගෙරත뗔 තොගෙවනවbalaaporottu venavaa R23 , PT b. unaa, PP b. velaa, IMP b. venna S125 I hope you understand: මම බලතොගෙපතොගෙරත뗔 තොගෙවනව ඹයට තොගෙතතොගෙරනව කයල. <1> Hopea discolor (Bot., ): mal-mora Hopea jucunda (Bot., subcanopy TRF tree): rath beraliya hopscotch (n, Norw ‘hoppe paradis’): තොගෙ 鷔 ප엓ම hopscotch (v): NPT-IND තොගෙ鷔 ප엒නව, hoppers: ආ퇊ප aappa <1>, hopper boutique: aappa kaDe MM1 aappa taachchiya: a small bowl-shaped pan used for making hoppers MM1 string-hoppers: ඉ췒ආ퇊ප iňdiaappa <1>, Horana (n): තොගෙහරණ horana <1>, Hordeum vulgare L. (Bot., grain, Eng. ‘barley’): යව yava <1>, බ baarli horn game (n): අතොගෙᗒය ankeliya, i.e. old village ritual, fought as a struggle between two teams in which obscene joking and verbal humiliation are components JS169 horoscope: තොගෙ槊엊ද්‍රය keendraya <1>; හඳහන haňdahana FSI2:85 <2>, to read horoscope: තොගෙ槊엊දර බලනව He (i.e. monk) is writing (casting) a horoscope on an ola leaf: උ엊න엊තොගෙස්සු ලප හඳහන යනව. FSI2:85 horse (n): අශවය ashvayaa, PL ashvayoo English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 89 hospital (n): ඉස්සු 퇒ලය ispiritaalee R28; General hospital: මහ ඉස්සු 퇒තොගෙල hospitality (n): ස්සු තරය satkaaraya host (n): gedara aya hot (adj): රස්සු තොගෙන* rasne R25; (adv): rasnen S485, උ귔 unu a hot day: rasne davasak It’s hot: rasneyi R25:206 Drink a lot of warm water: væDipura unu vatura bonna NeLC4 be hot/spicy (vti): ට දනව kaTa danavaa (Lit ‘mouth-burning’); cf. ‘burn’ I’m used to hot food: maTa.DAT kaTa dana.NPT-REL kææma puruduyi.AM. FGdS274 hotel (n): තොගෙහටලය hooTala [hooTəlee GP8]; a place to stay, but also restaurants of almost any type a hotel (in which) to stay: navatinna hooTaleak FGdS:62; serving a basic all-you-can-eat rice meal, with meat, fish, vegetables cooked in coconut milk with spices MAs38 hour (n): පය pæya PL pæya; තොගෙහරව / තොගෙව hooraava (orig. Port. ‘hora’) having eaten rice, we rest for an hour: bat kaalaa nidaagannavaa pæyak vitara SG many (numerous) hours: පය ණ; half an hour: පය බය槊; after two hours: පය තොගෙදට පස්සු තොගෙස්සු; every hour: පතොගෙය엊 පයට A bus came after an hour: පයට පස්සු තොගෙස්සු බස්සු එ槊 ආව. I'll be back after two hours: මම පය තොගෙදක엊 එ엊නම; in/after an hour: පයක엊 I was on the road for about one hour till the bus came: බස්සු එ එන මම පතොගෙර පය槊 ǒර හ鷒ය. CS every hour (lit ‘from hour.ABL to hour.DAT’): පතොගෙය엊 පයට K180 house (n): තොගෙදර gedara R2, gee, PL geval R20 <1>, PL තොගෙවල තොගෙදරවල <2> We built a new house: api alut geeyak hæduvaa. FGdS224 back of house (n, i.e. backyard, rear side of a house): 퇒ᗒ엊න pilikanna R29B5 ‘houses and property’ (n, idiom): තොගෙවල තොගෙදරවල geval doraval SdS household things (n): බꗔ 鷊鷔 baDu muTTu (syn. ‘furniture and things’) CS how (n, here used as rel adv / idiom): හ鷒 hæTi (n, syn ‘mode’, ‘matter’, ‘nature’, ‘way’); cf ‘manner’ He does not know how to write (lit ‘the way of writing’): eyaa liyana hæTi danne nææ. DG84 how? තොගෙතොගෙහමද kohoma-da R4; ‘How are you?’ Oyaagee sæpa-saniipa kohoma-da? ඔබට තොගෙතොගෙහමද? obaTa.DAT kohomada? taattaaTa.DAT kohomada? How are things? Couldn't be better. තොගෙතොගෙහමද වඩ ට뗔? තොගෙහඳටම තොගෙහඳය <1> ’how about?’ (colloq): naraka-da? (lit ’would it be bad?’) How about if you came forward (to run) for parliament, Sir? mahattayaaTa naraka-da mee paara paarlimeentuvaTa iridipat unot? GP55 how long (cf ’time’): තොගෙ臊චර ල How long have (you) been married? ස්සු ද බඳල තොගෙ臊චර ල තොගෙවනව ද? FSI2:146 how many? (countables): kii- R18, kiiyak-da, 槓යද kiiyada R8, How much (is) a kilo? කතොගෙල එ槊 槓යද? K31 How much for a mango? අඹ තොගෙꗒය槊 槓ය ද? <1> How much (is it) for this book.DAT? තොගෙම තොගෙපට 槓යද? K24 How much is that / are those? ඒ/ඒව 槓යද? MAs62 how many people ? kiidenaa-da R11, kiidenek FGdS75 how much? (un-countables): තොගෙ臊චර ද? koccara-da R10 How much Sinhala do you know? Mahattayaa siŋhala koccara dannavaa-da? How much money do you have (on you)? ohee laňga salli koccara tiyenavaada? FGdS137 How (much) tasty are these cigars? mee suruTTu koccara rasa da? FGdS278 How (much) difficult is it to find a job? hoyaa ganna eka koccara amaaru-da? DC264 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 90 how (by what means): තොගෙමතොගෙ엊 ද moken-da How (by what means.INST) did you come here? මහතය තොගෙමහට ආතොගෙNJ තොගෙමතොගෙ엊 ද? FSI2:167 ’how do you do?’ (idiom.): ආතොගෙබව엊 aayuboovan <1>, humming bird (n): පණ 槔ලල pæni kurullaa <1>, hundred: ීය siiya / සයය siyaya; cf. ’percent’ 101: ekesiya eka; 102: ekesiya deka; 200: desiiya; 201: desiya eka; 300: tunsiiya; 301 tunsiya eka; 400: haarasiiya; 500: pansiiya; 600 hayasiiya; 700 hat siiya; 800 aTa siiya; 900 nava siiya one hundred children.ACC: ළමය ීය槊ව; the hundred children.ACC; ළමය ීතොගෙයව CS hunger (n): බඩ燒엊න baDaginna (Lit ‘belly-fire’) R23 We'll come back as soon as we get hungry: අ퇒ට බඩ燒엒තොගෙව臊ච මම ආපහ එනව. CS hungry (adj): බඩ燒엒ය baDagini R23 I’m hungry: මට බඩ燒엒ය maTa baDagini (lit. ’to me hunger’); we’re hungry: අපට බඩ燒엒ය. Why can’t you eat? Aren’t you.DAT hungry? kanna bæri mokada? oyaaTa baDagini nædda? I am not hungry yet. I’ll eat a little later (lit ‘after a little while’): maTa tavama baDagini nææ. mama tava Tikakin kannam. NeLC I’m hungry.AM. Isn’t lunch ready yet? maTa baDaginiyi. taama lanc lææsti nædda? S229 hunt (v): NTP-IND දඩයම රනව daDayam karanavaa Father went to the forest in order to hunt /a-hunting.DAT: taattaa daDayamaTa kælee giyaa. hurry: හ뷒ස(ය) hadissi(ya) R28 hurt (v, tr, i.e. ‘to cause or give pain to’): NPT-IND riddanavaa, PT ridduvaa, PP riddalaa, IMP riddanna S353 hurt (v, INV, passive, i.e. ‘ache’, ‘be painful’, s.DIR): NPT-IND තොගෙදනව ridenavaa, PT ridunaa, PP ridilaa, IMP ridenna S296, NPT-REL ridena (‘hurting’); My hand pains: ata ridenavaa. DG70; My chest hurts: mage papuva ridenavaa; My whole body aches: mage æňga seerama ridenavaa. FGdS2:74 hurt (v, alternatively ‘be hurt’, or get hurt’, but only in the sense ‘(be caused to) feel pain’, not ‘to be wounded or injured’, s.DAT): ridenvaa Don’t fall! If you fall, it’ll hurt you: væTenDa epaa! væTunot oya lamayaaTa rideevi. FGdS2:74 husband (n, elevated term): 퇔ෂය** purusayaa my husband (colloq): putaagee taattaa (Lit ‘my son’s father) FSI:3:83 husk coconuts (v): NPT-IND තොගෙපල තොගෙල හනව pol leli gahanavaa; NPT-IND තොගෙපල ඔයනව pol oyanavaa (Ru DIAL JBD4:137) <1>; hut (n, syn ‘lodge’, ‘camp’): වꗒය vaaDiya; a small hut temporarily occupied by farmers or fishermen <1>, <2>; පල pæla, පලප pælpata, PL පල (syn. ‘cottage’) <3>, Hydrocotyl asiatica L. (Bot., vegetable): goTukola hælapa: හලප, millet cake; fruits from Shorea megistoplyhe and Shorea distica (‘beraliya’; syn. Shorea affinis?<1>) are used to make a snack called helapa with kitul syrup and coconut. This mixture is stuffed and steamed within a folded Macaranga peltata ('kenda') leaf and left to harden. hæTiye transformation (grammar), v.PT.VADJ/PP.VADJ + hæTiye, cf. ‘as soon as’ return to index

I ඉ ඊ i ī English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 91

i-vowel sign: ispilla R4s I (pron): NOM මම mama R1 (cf. ‘me’ and ‘my’); NOM ම maŋ (an alternative form implying greater informality); NOM maa (e.g. maa laňga salli tiyenavaa, JWG2:60); ACC maava; DAT maTa; GEN mage I myself: මමම mamama [maməmə]; to myself: maTama; it’s me: mamayi; it’s for me: maTayi; I too: mamat S34, maat S199; I ran: mama (1s.NOM) divuvaa (run-PT) I am falling (involuntarily): maava (1s.ACC) væTenavaa (fall.INVOL-IMPF) I danced (for some external reason): maTa (1s.DAT) næTunaa (dance.INVOL-PT) ice: අයස්සු ayis (orig. Eng.) ice cream (n): ඇයස්සු කම Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.): geta kiriwel. <1> ‘Idda’ flowers: idda mal; Wrightia zeylanica, idea (n, syn. ‘thought’): ලපනව kalpanaava, PL kalpanaaval; අදහස්සු adahasa identical (adj): cf. ‘alike’ idiom (n): වග ස්සු ම퇊රදය vaag sampradaaya idiot, cf. ‘fool’; idiots (colloq): එǔ엊 evuŋ (syn. ‘jerks’) MAs321, ම鷊ට mæTTaa <1>, තොගෙම鷊ටය moTTayaa (syn ‘block head’, ‘jackass’, ‘stupid person’); තොගෙමතොගෙබ觊ජ gombojjaa (DIAL DM) How dare you call me an idiot! උඹට 퇔ව엊ද මට තොගෙම鷊ටය කය엊න! <1> idle: veelenavaa R31 if (conj, conditional transformation): නම nam, න [naŋ] R8a, R24A30, R29; cf. ‘nam / naŋ’; cf. ‘dependent clause’ Good.AM if you are coming: oyaa enavaa nam hoňdayi. S200 If you are going to Kalutara, go by this one: kalutaraTa yannavaa naŋ, meekeŋ yanna. FGdS166 if so (syn. ‘then’, ‘in that case’): එතොගෙහනම ehenam [ehenaŋ] R19 if (you) like: kæmati nam… If you had told me yesterday I would have given (you) the money: ඔය ඊතොගෙය කNJව නම මම ස්සු ල තොගෙදනව. <1>; If the gentleman is home, you come here: මහතය තොගෙදර ඉ엊නව න ඔතොගෙහ තොගෙමහට එ엊න; If these cigarettes are good, give me a pack: තොගෙම ස鷊 තොගෙහඳ න ප鷊 එ槊 තොගෙද엊න. JWG2:149; If I don’t go, I’ll send you.DAT a letter: මම තොගෙනයනව නම/න ඔතොගෙහට ම槊 එව엊න엊. JWG2:156 if not: නත nættaŋ* FGdS225, න뗒නම nætinam, නතම nættam, නතනම nætnam R14, i.e. ‘otherwise’, ‘else’ If the salary is not increase I leave (the place): පꗒ වꗒ ර엊තොගෙන නත මම අස්සු තොගෙවනව. NeLC15 Or will you drink a glass a beer? nættaŋ biira viiduruvak bonavaada? ‘Motherland or death’ (JVP slogan): මNJ�ම නතනම මරණය ‘Socialism or death’: ස්සු මජවදය නතනම මරණය iguana: ඉ燔වන iguvaanaa, ලතොගෙය talagoyaa (Monitor Lizard, Varanus draceana L.) <1>, -iima (v suffix, i.e. GER): referring to action in process, occurs as an alternant to -illa; ‘doing’: kiriima; ‘being’/’living’: iňdiima; ‘cutting’: kæpiima; ‘falling’: væTiima K2:31 -ika (suffix): ‘related to’ DC85 economy: අථය aartha; economic: ආ맒 aarthika DC85 body: ශරය shariira; physical: ශ shaariirika DC85 Ilangaratna (n, surname): ඉලරතන ilaŋgaratna English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 92 -illa (v suffix): refers to action in process; e.g. ‘doing’: kerilla, kirilla; ‘dancing’: næTilla; ‘scolding’: bænilla; ‘falling’: væTilla; ‘being’: iňdilla ill health (n): අස්සු 엓පය asaniipee R25, තොගෙලතොගෙ leDee (syn ‘disease’), PL leDa S213 the medicine for the disease.DAT: ledeeTa beeta DC130 ill (adj, syn ‘ill’): අස්සු 엓ප asaniipa I’m unwell/ill: maTa.DAT saniipa nææ; maTa asaniipayi.AM; maŋ asaniipen/leDin I’m very unwell/ill: maTa.DAT loku asaniipayak (tiyenavaa) R25:205 The master is sick: mahattayaaTa.DAT asaniipayi.AM / mahattayaa.DIR asaniipen.INST. FGdS2:88 Is he very ill? huňgak amaaru-da? get ill (vi, syn ‘fall ill’): NPT-IND අස්සු 엓ප තොගෙවනව asaniipa venavaa, PT a. unaa, PP a. velaa, IMP a. venna I became unwell/ill (Lit ‘illness came to me’): maŋ/maTa asaniipa unaa R25:205 illness (n): ලතොගෙඩ laDee; තොගෙලතොගෙ leDee R22A20, PL leDa; asaniipaya immediately (adv): වꗒ තොගෙවලව槊 燒තොගෙය න. (Lit ‘much time didn't pass’) CS immigration and emigration (n): ආමන හ ǒමන** CS Impatiens repens (Bot., medicinal plant): ල තොගෙදමට gal demata <1> impermanent (adj): අ엒臊ච anicca Everything.AM is impermanent: ස්සු ම තොගෙදයම අ엒臊චය. <1> impolite ( ): තොගෙහඳ槊 න hoňdak nææ CS important (adj, syn ‘influential’, ‘serious’, ‘respectable’): වදත vædagat SdS1; qualifiers; a little important: Tikak vædagat; rather important: taramak vædagat; very i.: hari/goDak/huňgak vædagat; not very important: eccara vædagat nææ; not important at all: poDDakvat vædagat nææ; how important? koccara vædagat da? MAs (Our) village headman is a clever and important man: mee gamee graama seevakayaa hoňda vædagat kenek. SdS1 There are oil cakes for every important festival: hæma vædagat utsaveekama kævum tiyenavaa. MAs100 impossible (adj): බ bæri, bæhæ R6, R20 is impossible: බ bææ R6, R30A45, cf. ‘be unable to do’ in (prep): -ක엊 (suffix time) in an hour: පයක엊; in a week: ස්සු 뗒යක엊; in a month: මතොගෙස්සු ක엊; in five minutes: ǒනꗒ පහක엊; in two years: අǔ뷔 තොගෙදක엊 CS They will get.INFER there in about two hours: පය තොගෙදක엊 ǒර ඒ තොගෙලතොගෙල එහට යǒ. I will call.FUT you back in a short while: 鷒 තොගෙවලවක엊 මම ඔයට ආපහ ර엊නම. CS inability (n): බම bærikama DC84 incense (n, Norw ‘røkelse’): ස්සු මබ엒 saambraani, 뷔ම dum; cf. ‘smell’ incense holder, incensory: 뷔ම බල dum kabala <1>; incense burner (brazier): අ緔 බල aňguru kabala the incense rite: dum alliime caaritraya <1> ස්සුබ엒 මබ‍ ව鷊තොගෙටව槊: pu-sambrani, kattakumanjal, suvanda kottan, devadara, agil, gugul namalrenu, nelum renu, itana, sudu-handun <1> incense (vt, i.e. ‘perfume with incense’): සවඳ 뷔ම අලලනව (lit. ‘burning incense’, as a ritual offering’) <1>, inch: අඟල aňgala R13 incomprehensible (adj, colloq slang): අඤඤ තොගෙතොගෙරස්සු añña-koros <1> inch (n): අඟල aňgala R13 including (adv): ඇ뗔ᗔව ætuluva S415; cf. ‘inside’ English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 93 income (n): ආදයම aadaayama I have a good income from this work මට ඒ රස්සු ස්සු තොගෙව엊 තොගෙහඳද ආදයම槊 ලතොගෙබනව. He said he had a good income: තොගෙහඳ ආදයම槊 ලතොගෙබනව කයල එය කNJව. <1> incomplete (adj): අස්සු ම퇖ණ asampuurna MAs310 increase (vt, ir): NPT-IND වꗒ රනව væDi karanavaa, PT v. kalaa, PP v. karalaa, IMP v. karanna S130 increase (v, passive, ir): NPT-IND වꗒ තොගෙවනව væDi venavaa, PT v. unaa, PP v. velaa, IMP v. venna S125 indeed: මය tamayi.FOC, i.e. particle which emphasizes the preceding word FGdS365; න naŋ It is (indeed) we who learn.NPT.EMP Sinhala: siŋhala igenaganne api tamayi.FOC K55 The cycle.DAT is indeed a little damaged.AM: ස්සු යතොගෙලට න 鷒槊 뗔වලය. <1> independence (n): 엒දහස්සු nidahasa cf. ‘freedom’ Sri Lankan independence movement: ශ ලක 엒දහස්සු වපරය <1>, India: ඉ엊뷒යව indiyaava Indian (adj / n, citizen): indiyaave FGdS276; Indian Ocean: ඉ엊뷒ය엊 ස්සු රය indicate (v, tr): NPT-IND dakvanavaa, PT ද槊වනව, PP dakvalaa, IMP dakvanda SP3:67 indicate (v, int): NPT-IND dækvenavaa Indigofera tinctoria (n, Bot, syn ‘true indigo’): 엒ල අවය nil avariya <1> indirect statement (grammar): ya (post-particle); cf. ‘reported speech’ kiyalaa; The man said that he was going home: minihaa gedara yanavaa ya kivvaa. DG75 Indo-Aryan language (n): ඉ엊뷔-ආය භාෂාවල් දැනගන්ෂව indu-aarya bhaaşaava <1>, Indo-European language (n): ඉ엊뷔-තොගෙර퇓ය භාෂාවල් දැනගන්ෂව indu-yuroopiya bhaaşaava <1> infant (male): බබ babaa, PL බ�� babbu CS; kiri appacci (Lit ‘milk father’); cf. ‘baby’ inferior (adj, syn. ‘of poor grade’, ‘very young’): baala R8 inflation (n): uddhamanee MAs329 inform (vti): NPT-IND dannanavaa* DC92, PT dænnuvaa R18, PP dannalaa* / dannaa**, IMP dannanna! S346; NPT-IND ද엊වනව danvanavaa, PT dænnuvaa / dænnevvaa, PP danvalaa, IMP danvanda SP3:69 Banda informs the master.DAT of that: බඩ මහතයට ඒ ද엊නනව. JWG2:67 information (n), cf. ‘news’ ingredients (n, e.g. ‘spices’): dravya injure (n): 뗔වල tuvaala (syn. ‘damage’) He.DIR is injured (generally, or the whole): minihaa tuvaalayi; he.DAT is injured (a part): minihaaTa tuvaalayi. G34 The child didn’t get injured: ළමයට 뗔වල උතොගෙ엊 න. <1> ink (n, syn ‘paint’): 뗓엊 tiinta R31 innocent (adj): අහස්සු ahiŋsaka (syn ‘naïve’, ‘childlike’, ‘harmless’) insect (n): ය krumiyaa, PL krumii (syn ‘worm’, ‘creepy-crawly’) <1>, insert (vt, ir, syn. ‘admit’, ‘let in’, ‘enter’): ඇ뗔ල රනව NPT-IND ætul karanavaa, inside (n): ඇ뗔ළ ætula, ætule inside (adv): ඇ뗔තොගෙළ ætulee, ඇ뗔ළට ætulaTa.DAT, ætulen.ABL There is a frog inside the toilet: ToilaT eka ætulee gembek innavaa. DC119 The man works inside the ship: minihaa næva ætulee væDa karanavaa. The man goes into the ship: minihaa næva ætulaTa yanavaa. The boy came from within the ship: lamayaa næva ætulen aavaa. DG78 insignificant (adj): සᗔ sulu (syn. ‘very small’) SdS2 inspite of (): v.PP + -ත -t (also called perfect concessive) Inspite of having had money he doesn't buy books: ස්සු ල 뗒�ලත තොගෙපත 엊තොගෙන න. <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 94 In spite of (his) having been in Sri Lanka, he didn’t learn Sinhala: එය ලතොගෙව ඉඳලත සහල ඉතොගෙනතතොගෙ න. K242 instead of (adv): තොගෙවනවට venuvaTa R25 They use hakuru instead of sugar: ee gollo siini venuvaTa hakuru paavicci karanavaa. Some people eat millet instead of rice: samhara aya bat venuvaTa kurakkan kanavaa. FSI:2:261 The son came instead of the father: ත තොගෙවනවට 퇔 ආව. CS institute: මඩලය manDalaya, aayatanaya; Marga institute: ම ආයනය instrument (musical): ස්සු 燓 භාෂාවල් දැනගන්ඩයsaŋgiita bhaanDa, e.g. තොගෙපල 鷔 භාෂාවල් දැනගන්ඩ <1> insufficient (adj, adv): ම뷒 madi (I) don’t understand enough: teerenavaa madi. FGdS133 become insufficient (v): madi venavaa ‘Time became insufficient’ (lit): velaa madi unaa/vunaa. FGdS258 insult: තොගෙවනස්සු මvenaskama R30 insurance (n): ර槊ෂණය rakşanaya I have medical insurance: මට බව뷊ය [vaidyə] ර槊ෂණ 뗒තොගෙයනව. CS intelligent (adj): �뷊쇒මත buddhimat Both our girls are intelligent. අතොගෙ퇊 귔 ළමය තොගෙද엊නම �뷊쇒මත. <1> intend: innavaa R5; NPT-IND හතොගෙත 뗒තොගෙයනව hitee tiyenavaa (syn. ‘have in mind’) FGdS313 I intend to write a book: maTa.DAT potak liyanna hitee tiyenavaa. FGdS323 intend (vt, syn ‘mean’, ‘plan’): NPT-IND අදහස්සු රනව, intend (v, syn ‘hope’): NPT-IND හ ඉ엊නව hitaŋ innavaa I intend to go to Kandy: mama.DIR nuvara yanna hitaŋ innavaa. K57 intend (for oneself, v): hitaa gannavaa Therefore, I intend to see Jinasena: ඒ 엒ස්සු මම 角නතොගෙස්සු න හමබ තොගෙව엊න හ엊නව. JWG2:63 interest (n): උන엊뷔ව unanduva Every teacher teaches with great interest/enthusiasm: guruvaru kavurut bohoma unanduven ugannanavaa. SdS1 interesting (adj): That book is interesting to read: ඒ තොගෙප කයවන එ රස්සු වත; rasavat (syn ‘poetic’, ‘rich’, ‘sweet’); It's an interesting book to read.NPT-REL: ඒ කයව엊න රස්සු වත තොගෙප槊. <1> internal courtyard (n); cf ‘courtyard’ international (adj): අ엊 ජ뗒 antar jaatika, ජ엊ර‍ jaatyantara S243; cf. ‘world’ interpreter: තොගෙලය toolkayaa; 뗔퇊පහය tuppahiyaa (who knows two languages), living in the 뗔퇊පහතොගෙග JBD3:31, introduce (v): aňduravalaa denavaa investigate (v): තොගෙහයල බලනව hoyalaa balanavaa (Lit ‘having searched, watch’) CS investment (n): ආතොගෙයජනය aayoojanaya Indian.ADJ investments.PL in Afganistan.LOC/GEN: ඇෆ්තො엒ස්සු ථනතොගෙ ඉ엊뷒යන ආතොගෙයජන. <1> invite (vt, o.DAT): NPT-IND ආරධන රනව aaraadanaa karanavaa; NPT-IND ඳවනව kæňdavanavaa, PT kæňduvaa/kæňdevva, PP kæňdavlaa, IMP kæňdavanda SP3:71 He invited us: eyaa apiTa a. keruvaa. K182 He invited me to go to Gampaha: එය මට මපහට ය엊න තොගෙව. <1> invitation (n): ආරධනය aaraadhanaya [aaradənee]; ආරධනව aaraadanaava accept an invitation: ආරදතොගෙ엊 බර 엊නව aaraadanee baara gannavaa MAs320 Ipomoea aquatica (Bot., leafy vegetable): kankung Irani Athukorala: iron (n): යඩ yakaDa, cf. ‘steel’, ‘rusty’ English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 95 Iron is a kind of metal: යඩ තොගෙලහ වය槊. <1> iron (vt, VOL =press): NPT-IND ම뷒නව madinavaa, cf. ‘brush’ younger sister presses clothes: න燒 තොගෙර뷒 ම뷒නව K244 washing and ironing: තොගෙහද엊නය ම뷒엊නය CS ironwood (n, Bot. Mesua nagassarium, ven ‘Ceylon ironwood tree’): න naa, naagaha, diya naa; the Sri Lankan national tree, cf. Mesua ferrea. <1>, <2>, <3>, irrigate (v): vatura baňdinavaa (Lit ‘bind water’) overflow (v, lit ‘open the sluice’, colloq): ව දමනව JBD4:145 irrigation (works): වම vaarimaarga Isachne globosa (Bot, syn Isachne australis, grass weed in paddy): බටදලල baTadælla WIS21 <1> island (n): 뷒වයන** divayina, දප* duupata it (of animals): ඌ uu R11, eekaa G8 (‘that animal’); eeki (feminine, ‘that f. animal’) it (of non-human, derogatory): eeka; it (of inanimate): eka it (pron): එය** eya itch (v) ස්සු නව kasanavaa <1> lxora coccinea L (n, Bot): ratmal, ratabala/ratambala <1>, return to index

J ජ ජ ජ ජ 角 觓 觔 ජ ජ ජ තොගෙජ තොගෙ觊 බජ තොගෙජ තොගෙජ තොගෙජ ja jā jæ jæ ji jī ju jū jṛ jṝ je jē jai jo jō jau

ඣ ඣ ඣ ඣ ඣ ඣ ඣ ඣ ඣ ඣ තොගෙඣ තොගෙ බඣ තොගෙඣ තොගෙඣ තොගෙඣ ඣ ඣ ඣ ඣ තොගෙඣ තොගෙ බඣ තොගෙඣ තොගෙඣ තොගෙඣ jha jhā jhæ jhæ jhi jhī jhu jhū jhṛ jhṝ jhe jhē jhai jho jhō jhau

jackal (n): නය nariyaa (syn. ‘fox’) <1> jacket, a woman's (n., syn. ‘blouse’, ‘bodice’): (තොගෙර뷊ද) හ鷊ටය hæTTaya [hæTTee] R16, PL hæTTaa <1>, jackfruit (n, Bot. Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.): තොගෙස්සු තොගෙꗒයkos R26 <1>, <2>, තොගෙහර herali (Ru DIAL JBD4:137) <1> first stage jackfruit: තොගෙපතොගෙලස්සු polos (young, seeds hardly present, used as curry) <1>, variety of jack-fruit in its ripe state (bright, sweet yellow pieces): වර varakaa <1>, dried pieces of j.f.: අ鷔තොගෙස්සු aTukos <1>, Jaffna (n): යපනය, යපතොගෙ엊 yaapanee, jaapanee R9 (Tamil: யாழ்ப்பாணம்) <1>,<2>,akaaa°æp
Ljeweller(n):ර폍ꯍபாணம்)රත්තරන්බඩුවணம) <1>, <2>, jaggery sugar: හ槔 hakuru R30, solid brown sugar boiled down from the kitul sap <1>, jak (n), cf. ‘jackfruit’ jambu (a fruit) R20 January: janavarii R22 Jataka tales/Jataka Book (n, Budd): ජ තොගෙප jaataka pota; also: ප엊සය පනස්සු ජ තොගෙප (lit ‘book of 550 birth stories), i.e. collection of Buddhist stories related to the life of the Buddha in his previous births); also: ජ තොගෙපත වහ엊තොගෙස්සු <1>, <2>, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 96 Jathika Hela Urumaya (JHU): ජ뗒 තොගෙහළ උමය National Heritage Party <1>; famous politician පඨ චම퇒 රණව. Javanese people (n): jaa minissu, cf ‘Malay’ Jayamanne (n, surname): ජයම엊න jayamanna Jayaratne (n, surname): ජයරතන jayaratna Jayasekara (n, surname): ජයතොගෙස්සු ර jayaseekara Jayasena (n, surname): ජයතොගෙස්සු න jayaseena Jayatilaka (n, surname): ජය뗒ල jayatilaka Jayawardena (n, surname): ජයවදන jayavardana jealousy (n): ඉසයව irisiyaava; i. is always imputed on others, never admitted by oneself JS175 jeweller (n): රතර엊 බꗔ තොගෙවතොගෙළ엊ද rattaran baDu velendaa, PL r. b. velendoo job: වඩය væDa R4, R5A19, væDee (i.e. ‘piece of work’) R4; rassaava (i.e. ‘occupation’) R21, PL rassaaval; ර槊ෂව rakşaava (syn. ‘occupation’) CS, Are you doing any job in Ceylon? oyaa laŋkaave mokut væDak karanavaa-da? FGdS273 Mother doesn’t like her son going from job to job (that.DAT): putaa rasaaveŋ rasaavaTa yana ekaTa ammaa kæmati nææ. <1> join (vt): cf. ‘connect’ joke (n): ǒහᗔව vihiluva He said.PT.EMP it as a joke (lit. ‘for lies.DAT’): එය ඒ කNJතොගෙව තොගෙබවට. <1> That’s so ridiculous: තොගෙම මහ ǒහᗔව槊. joke (v): ǒහᗔ රනව vihilu karanavaa we make jokes to each other: api apiTa vihilu karanavaa journalism (n): ජන මධධ‍ ??? jana maadhya veedaya MAs58 journey (=trip): මන gamana, PL ම엊 gaman; ස්සු චරය saŋcaaraya (syn. ‘tour’) next week we are going on a trip: අ퇒 ලබන සමතොගෙන මන槊 යනව K42 Have a good journey (trip)! Subha gamanak veevaa! SP1:20; Bon voyage! සභාෂාවල් දැනගන්ම엊! <1> How (was your) journey? kohoma-da gamana? ‘joyful’ (adj): ස්සු ප තොගෙ엊 sæpa kanee (syn. ‘very joyful’, Lit ‘pleasure in the ear’) <1> ‘Juki girl’ (n, impol): factory girl (colloq) a garment factory worker MM July: ජ juuli R22 jump (vi): NPT-IND ප엒නව paninavaa R10, R24A26, PT pænnaa, PP pænalaa, IMP paninda SP3:73, ප엒엊 ඉ엊නව (be jumping), පන පන (‘jumping’, repeatedly) CS, The child is jumping up: lamayaa uDa paninavaa. PROV: If (you) jump.COND up, (you) will fall down (lit ‘on the ground’): උඩ ප엊තොගෙනත �ම වතොගෙ鷊. JBD4:242 jump (vi, syn. ‘appear’): NPT-IND පතොගෙනනව pænenavaa junction (n): හ엊뷒ය handiya How far is Bambalapitiya junction from here? metana indalaa bambalapiTiye.LOC handiyaTa koccara durada? NeLC7 June (n): ජ엒 මස්සු ය juuni R22 jungle: ලව kælææva, kælee R9, වල val real jungle: hari kælææva make a jungle of: kælee karanavaa R19 junglefowl, Sri Lankan (Zool Gallus lafayetii): ව 槔槔ළ wali kukulaa <1>, Song: Two golden rambutan trees/five junglefowls/the button of their neck/watch the beauty: ර엊 රට엊 ස්සු තොගෙදය/ව 槔槔ල엊 පස්සු තොගෙදනය/උ엊තොගෙග තොගෙ තොගෙබතමය/බල엊න හ ලස්සු .ස්සු නය MAs101 junk (n): ලටපට laTapaTa English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 97 Whose junk is this? තොගෙම ලටපට තොගෙගද? FSI2:56 just (adv): 엒මම nikam(m)a R17, 엒මට nikamaTa R20B16 (syn. ‘aimlessly’), onna ohe R30; ය엊ම jantam (I) just managed to see (him): jantam hamba unaa. FGdS257 I just asked, never mind: ම槊 නහ, මම 엒මට ඇහතොගෙව. just for plucking coconut: තොගෙපල ඩන එතොගෙ엊 ǒරය CS Justicia betonica L. (Bot., medicinal): ස뷔 퇔槊 sudu puruk <1> Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. (Bot., medicinal): ᗔ වර엓ය kalu væraniiya <1> Justicia procumbens L. (Bot., medicinal): මය엒 maayaani <1> JVP ( ): ජන ǒ槊뗒 තොගෙපරණ janataa vimukti peramuna; period of JVP troubles in the late 1980s; ‘biishana time’: භෂණ ලය bhiişana kaalaya (lit. ‘period of terror or dread’): harassment, intimidation <1>; ලබල ලය kalabala kaalaya (lit. ‘period of disturbances’) ‘jeppa’ (n): තොගෙජ퇊ප jeppaa, person associated with the political organization JVP or a person having pro-JVP ideology

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K 槊 ක 槓 槔 槖 තොගෙ තොගෙ槊 බ තොගෙ තොගෙ තොගෙ 槊 ක 槓 槔 තොගෙ තොගෙ槊 බ තොගෙ තොගෙ තොගෙ k ka kā kæ kæ ki kī ku kū kṛ kṝ ke kē kai ko kō kau

ඛ ඛ ඛ ඛ ඛ ඛ ඛ ඛ ඛ ඛ ඛ තොගෙඛ තොගෙඛ බඛ තොගෙඛ තොගෙඛ තොගෙඛ ඛ තොගෙඛ තොගෙඛ බඛ තොගෙඛ තොගෙඛ තොගෙඛ kh kha khā khæ khæ khi khī khu khū khṛ khṝ khe khē khai kho khō khau

-k (article): indefinite ending R2 ‘kachcheri’ (administration centre at district level, local government office): 臊තොගෙ臊ය, kacceeri, e.g. මතොගෙල 臊තොගෙ臊 <1>; ඉඩම 臊තොගෙච iDam kacceri, i.e. ‘land tribunals’ JS Kadirgamar, Lakshman (n): ල槊ශම엊 뷒ම, லக்ஷமன கதிர்காமர் lakshmankadirgaamar<1>,<2>,ltmlසÐජය[쏍கம쏍 lakshman kadirgaamar <1>, <2>, Kalu Ganga (n, Lit ‘the Black River’): ᗔ ඟ; measuring 129 km in length, the river originates from Adam's Peak and reaches the sea at Kalutara Kalutara district: ᗔර 뷒ස්සු ත槊ය kalutara distrikka <1>, -kama (n suffix): -kǝmǝ, added to descriptive adjectives to yield the corresponding abstract noun, e.g. hoňdakama (‘goodness’), narakakama (‘badness’), lokukama (‘bigness’), oonækama (‘need’), epaakama (‘unwantedness’), nætikama (‘not-havingness’, i.e. poverty), bærikama (‘inability’) K2:28 kamma (n, Budd.): මම kamma (orig. Pali), i.e. ‘karma’; cf. ‘karma’ kan/kaŋ transformation (grammar); v.NPT.VADJ, e.g. මම එන 엊/ ‘until I come’, cf. ‘until’ Kandy (n): නවර nuvara, මහ නවර maha nuvara (lit ‘chief city’, retaining the royal link R8 <1>, to Kandy: නවරට; from Kandy: නව엊 Kandy Perahara (n): ඇස්සු ළ තොගෙපරහර æsala perahera <1>, ‘kanna-kanna’ (idiom): 엊න-엊න, Lit ‘the more eaten, (the better it tastes)’ DC90 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 98 karma (n, Budd.): මය** karmaya, the concept of ‘action’ or ‘deed’, understood as that which causes the entire cycle of cause and effect (i.e., the cycle called saṃsāra) in Indian religions <1>, <2>; මය* karumaya (syn ‘doom’, ‘sin’, ‘evil deed’) ‘Karuna Amman’ (n): ǒනය뗒 රදර엊 Vinayagamoorthy Muralitharan விநாயகமூர்த்தி முரளிதரன்,<1>,<2>,B7කච්චේරිè jKilinochchi(n):நாயகமூர்த்திකිලිயாழ்ப்பாணம்)<2>,akaaa°æp
Ljewellerරக믂쏍鏍திர்காமர்lakshmankadirgaamar<2>,ltmlසÐජය[ 믁ரளிதரன், <1>,<2>,B7කච්චේරිè jKilinochchi(n):කිලිනොච්චිkilinocci,citysituatedதிர்காமர்lakshmankadirgaamar<2>,ltmlසÐජය[ரன, <1>, <2>, Karunaratne (n, surname): ණරතන karunaratna Karunanayake (n, surname): ණනය karunanaayaka Karunatilake (n, surname): ණ뗒ල karunatilaka Katunayake (n): 鷔නය kaTunaayaka, airport village <1>, Kegalle (n): ලල kæægalla keep, i.e. ‘be kept’? (vti, ir.): NPT-IND 뗒යනව tiyanavaa, PT tivvaa / tibbaa R5, R15, PP tiyalaa*/tiyaa**, IMP tiyanna! S133 Put it on the table (lit ‘Keep it on the table’): ඒ තොගෙමතොගෙස්සු උඩ 뗒ය엊න. <1> ‘keep for good’ , keep for oneself (reflexive v): NPT-IND 뗒ය 엊නව tiyaa gannavaa Keep it with you: ඒ ඔය ළඟ 뗒ය 엊න. <1> Don't get involved with those people (lit. ‘don’t keep connection with…’): ඒ අයත එ槊 ස්සු මබ엊ධම 뗒ය 엊න එප. <1> Kegalle (n, geo): ලල kæægalla, district <1>, <2>, ‘kem’ (n, agric): තොගෙම kem, තොගෙම 槊රම kem karma (lit ‘secret treatment’) (orig. Sanskrit ‘kshema’ meaning ‘protection’); ritual and physical measures to remedy or control plant diseases and pests WIS21; cf. ‘polpitta’ kerosene: �තොගෙල buumitel, kettle: keetalee key (n): ය뗔ර yatura, PL ය yaturu kick (vt, syn. ‘boot’, ‘toe’): NPT-IND පය엊 ස්සු නව payin gahanavaa [pain gahənəva], PT p. gæhuvaa, PP p. gahalaa, IMP p. gahanna S277 I kicked the boy who does my work: mama --- mage væDa karana lamayaaTa pain gæhuvaa. <1>, kidnapper, comp. bogeyman Kilinochchi (n): කතොගෙන臊ච kilinocci, city situated at the A9 road some 100 km south-east of Jaffna <1>, kill (vt, VOL): NPT-IND මරනව maranavaa R13, PT mæruvaa, PP maralaa, IMP maranna, GER මම mæriima (kill, death) S277, marapu ( The woman has killed the chicken and now everyone can eat: gǝhæni kukula-wǝ.ACC marǝla dæn hæmotǝmǝ kaanǝ puluwan <1>, He killed her**: ඔහ ඇයව මව.** <1> The rat kills the cat.ACC: miiyaa balalaava maranavaa DG92 cause to kill (v, VOL): NPT-IND මරවනව maravanavaa, PT mærevvaa, PP maravalaa, IMP maravanna S309 ‘get killed’, i.e. die (vi, INV): NPT-IND මතොගෙරනව mærenavaa R13, DC161, PT mærunaa, PP mærilaa, IMP mærenna, GER මම mæriima (kill, death) S285 killer (n, verbal noun): marannaa, ‘person who kills’ or ‘butcher’ DC49 kilometre (n): කතොගෙල ටරය kiloomiiTara, abbr. km ක square kilometres: varga kiloomiiTara -kin (suffix): -ක -kin, cf ‘after’ CS kind (of) (n): වය vargaya, PL ව varga (syn. ‘caste’, ‘category’, ‘class’, ‘family’, ‘race’, ‘tribe’); ජ뗒ය jaatiya (syn. ‘people’, ‘nation’, ‘race’, ‘ethnicity’), GEN jaatiye, PL jaati Cucumber is a kind/sort/type of vegetable: 퇒퇒ඤඤ/ක එළවᗔ වය槊. English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 99 It's a kind of bird: ඒ/තොගෙම 槔ᗔ වය槊. <1> Is that a good kind of cigarettes? eeka hoňda sigaræT jaatiyak-da? FGdS12 What (kinds) do you have for breakfast? උතොගෙ뷊ට 엊න ම ජ뗒 뗒තොගෙය엊තොගෙන තොගෙමනව ද? NeLC8 This kind/sort/type of answer is not good enough: තොගෙම ජ뗒තොගෙය උතරය槊 තොගෙහඳ ම뷒; I’m not that kind/sort/type of girl. මම ඒ ජ뗒තොගෙය (ඒ වතොගෙග) තොගෙලතොගෙල槊 තොගෙනතොගෙම. <1> kind (n, syn ‘sort’, ‘manner’): ǒ뷒ය vidiya, GEN vidiyee, PL vidi ‘work of what kind’: තොගෙමන ǒ뷒තොගෙ වඩ mona vidiyee væDa; What kind of work do you do? ඔය ර엊තොගෙ엊 තොගෙමන ǒ뷒තොගෙ වඩ ද? FSI2:83 kind (adj, syn ‘auspisious’, ‘good’, ‘righteous’): යහපත yahapat; ණව엊 karunaavanta, denoting a personal quality Sudath is a very kind person: සදත හම ණව엊 තොගෙතොගෙන槊. AT kindergarden: baalaaŋşa paasala**, තොගෙපර පස්සු ල* pera paasala <1>, kindle (vt): NPT-IND තොගෙමලවනව molavanavaa R31, PT melevvaa, PP molavalaa, IMP molavanna! SP3:74, S341, kindly (adv): ණතොගෙව엊 karunaaven MAs322 kindly, friendly, warm (adj/adv, ending a letter): හවත hitavat ‘with kind regards’… (ending a letter): ම ඔතොගෙ� හවත maa obee.GEN hitavat… king (n): රජ raja, රජ뗔ම rajatumaa S548 <1>, PL රජව rajavaru, ර觊觔 rajju CS, the king.HON.PLn.: ර觊觔තොගෙව rajjuruvoo JBD6, JBD4:58 king coconut, cf. ‘coconut’ kingdom (n): රජධ엒ය raajadhaaniya, රජම rajakama, රජය rajaya (syn. ‘government’) CS kinship (relationship by blood): නම næækama kin group (=family): pavula kiss (n): හ뷔 haaduva; tottu (CDS, child directed speech), උම umimaa (child’s word for a kiss, derived from the ‘sound’ of kissing); හචය haaciya (DIAL 4K) kiss (v, tr): NPT-IND හ뷔 엊නව, හ뷔 තොගෙදනව; NPT-IND ඉනව im binavaa, PT im baa, PP im balaa, IMP im binda, im binna SP3:75 kitchen: 槔ස්සු සය kussiya 22 (orig. Port. ‘cozínha’) <1>, ‘kitul’ (n): ක뗔ල Caryota urens, kind of palm-tree, providing pænni and jaggery (kitul hakuru) R30 <1>, <2>, cf. ‘Caryota’ ‘kitul pæni’: ක뗔ල පණ; the preferred accompaniment of the dessert of the Sinhala South - Buffalo curd and Kithul Paeni <1>, <2>, ‘kiyanna-kiyanna’ (idiom): කය엊න-කය엊න, Lit ‘the more you say, (the more he becomes stubborn)’ DC90 knee: dana knife: 퇒හය pihiya, PL pihiyaa R13 field knife (n, syn. ‘chopper’): ත kætta <1>, Bread has to be cut with the right knife: ප엊 ප엊න ඕන හ 퇒හතොගෙය엊.INS budded knife (n): බ뷊ධ 퇒හය baddha pihiya <1>, knit (vt): cf. syn. ‘weave’ knock: NPT-IND taTTu karanavaa R30, PT , PP , IMP know (vti, ir., VOL): NPT-IND ද엊නව dannavaa R6; PT dænagattaa, PP dænagena*/dæna**, IMP dænaganna, GER දන엓ම dænagæniima, ද엓ම dæniima (n, knowledge, cognition) S128 FUT.XXX daniivi, තොගෙනද엊න, තොගෙනදන (‘not knowing’) <1>, I know that gentleman.ACC: mama ee mahattayaava dannavaa Do you know who I am? ඔය ද엊නව ද මම ǔද කයල? I know who he is: මම ද엊නව එය ǔද කයල. English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 100 She knows the truth: එය ඇත ද엊නව; I see the truth: මම ඇත දකනව JBD4:67 It is difficult without getting to know (them) properly: hoňdaTa dænaganne nætuva amaaruyi.AM. FGdS271 I knew that you would come.FUT today: මම දනන හ鷒ය ඔය අද එය කයල. <1> get to know (vti, ir. VOL, syn. ‘find out’, ‘discover’, ‘understand’): NPT-IND දන 엊නව dænagannavaa, PT dænagattaa, PP dænagena*/dæna**, IMP dænaganna! S128 엒ස්සු ස 觓වත තොගෙවන ǒ뷒ය දන엊න ඕන නම 엒ස්සු ස엊තොගෙ භාෂාවල් දැනගන්ෂවල දන엊න ඕන. Without getting well acquainted, it’s difficult: තොගෙහඳට දන엊තොගෙන න뗔ව අමය. JWG2:105 If other people find out.FUT.COND about this, they’ll laugh in our face (lit ‘at us laughing will happen very much in public/openly’): අ엒ත 엒ස්සු ස තොගෙම න දන තතොගෙත අපට එᗒ퇒ටම හන තොගෙවය. <1> get to know (v., INV., syn. be realized, felt, heard; s.DAT): NPT-IND දතොගෙනනව dænenavaa, PT dænunaa, PP dænilaa, IMP dænenna S286 I realized that: eeka maTa dænunaa know (a person) (vt): NPT-IND අ췔නනව aňdunanavaa R19A11, අ췔රනව aňduranavaa R19 We hardly know them.ACC, do we? අ퇒 ඒ අයව අ췔ර엊තොගෙන න뗒 ණය තොගෙ엊ද? <1> you know: ne, novæ R28 is known (s.DAT, syn ‘has got the tidings’): ආරච aaraŋci K237 It is not known to him: එයට ඒ ආරච න; is it known to you? ඔයට ඒ ආරචද? I heard about it (lit ‘I got the news about that’): මට ඒ න ආරචය. K237 know-all (n., Norw.: ‘allviter’): පඪය baka panDitayaa; he’s a real baka panDitayaa: he has an opinion on everything; panDita (adj.): scholarly knowledge (n): දනම dænuma Her general knowledge is good: එයතොගෙ ස්සු නමන‍ දනම (සයᗔ 귔 න) තොගෙහඳය. <1> to become knowledgeable (about life): දන뗔 තොගෙවනව JBD4:157 Knuckles Mountain Range (n): 뷔මබර වන엊රය dumbara vanaantaraya <1>, <2>, -ko (imperative suffix): -තොගෙ please, i.e. politeness marker, e.g. ‘Hey please give that oil bottle to me’: අතොගෙ엊 මට අර තොගෙල තොගෙබතොගෙල තොගෙද엊න-තොගෙ. ‘Younger brother, please come here for a while’: මල තොගෙම තොගෙමහට එ엊න-තොගෙ තොගෙපඩ槊. <1> kohila (Bot. Lasia spinosa): leafy vegetable ‘korale’ (n): තොගෙරළය kooralee, PL තොගෙරළ koorala; part of a province, division; (dated) an administrative district in the Kandyan kingdom MM143, similar to an English ‘county’ or ‘shire’ JBD4:140 koTa transformation (grammar), cf. ‘when’ (simultaneous) Kotte: තොගෙ 鷔ව, the administrative capital of Sri Lanka; also called ශ ජයවධන퇔ර තොගෙ鷊තොගෙ鷊. Located beyond the eastern suburbs of the commercial capital Colombo. The Parliament of Sri Lanka has been based there since the formal inauguration of its new building on 29 April 1982. <1>, <2>, Kumaratunga, Chandrika Bandaranaike (n): ච엊දද‍ බඩරනය 槔මර뗔 candrikaa banDaaranaayaka kumaaratuŋga <1>, <2>, -kumbura (name, suffix): etym. ‘paddy field’ kurakkan: 槔ර槊엊 finger millet, a local grain <1>, kurakkan-cakes : හලප hælapala <1>, <2>, return to index English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 101 L ල ල ල ල     ල ල තොගෙල තොගෙල බල තොගෙල තොගෙල තොගෙල තොගෙල බල තොගෙල තොගෙල තොගෙල la lā læ læ li lī lu lū lṛ lṝ le lē lai lo lō lau

ළ ළ ළ ළ ᗒ ළ ᗔ ළ ළ ළ තොගෙළ තොගෙළ බළ තොගෙළ තොගෙළ තොගෙළ බළ තොගෙළ තොගෙළ තොගෙළ La Lā Læ Læ Li Lī Lu Lū Lṛ Lṝ Le Lē Lai Lo Lō Lau

-laa: plural ending R11 -laa: PPolutive ending R15 labourer (n): වඩරය væDakaarayaa, cf. ‘worker’ lace-work: තොගෙ엊ද reenda MAD (Port. ‘rênda’), e.g. �රᗔ තොගෙ엊ද <1>; �ර biiralu (orig. bilros in Portuguese, i.e. spool or reel that holds thread or yarn for spinning weaving knitting <1>); traditional style of lace-making from Southern province; ලතොගෙල �ර තොගෙ엊ද Gaale.GEN biiralu reenda, i.e. pillow lace of Galle <1>, <2>, <3>, lacking (adj, syn. ‘deficient’): හඟ hiňga, cf. ‘deficient’ lad: kollaa R24 ladder (n): ඉ엒ම inimaga <1>, The ladder collapsed because it was old: inimaga kaDaa væTunaa eeka parana nisaa <1> lady: noonaa mahattayaa, noonaa R16, PL තොගෙනන මහත뗔, noonaalaa; noonaa mahatmiya MB (orig. corruption of Portuguese ‘dona’) ‘lady’s fingers’ (Bot., Abelmoschus esculentus, Eng. okra): බඩ槊, බඩ槊 banDakkaa <1>, <2>, ‘ladies and gentlemen’ (n): noonaavaru-ni.VOC mahatvaru-ni.VOC DC119 Lagenandra ovate (Bot., aquatic plant): තොගෙල ketala <1> Lagenaria vulgaris (Bot, squash family): lake (n): තොගෙප槔ණ pokuņa, PL pokunu (syn ‘pond’); cf. ‘reservoir’ How many kinds of fish are there in this pond.LOC? තොගෙම තොගෙප槔තොගෙ මᗔ ව 槓ය槊 ඉ엊නවද? <1> ‘lakh’: ල槊ෂය one hundred thousand 250,000 (people) wretched.AM because of flood.INST in Japan.LOC: ජපනතොගෙ ව뗔엊 තොගෙදල槊ෂ පනස්සු දහස්සු 槊 අස්සු රණය. <1> lamp (n): ලම퇔ව laampuva, PL laampu; පහන pahana SP1:14 <1>,, පන paana, PL ප엊 CS land (syn. ‘farmland’, ‘holding’, ‘plot of land’): ඉඩම iDama [iDəmə], PL iDam [iDaŋ] (i.e. ‘land’); තොගෙඩ goDa Those who have lands, grow coconut and rubber: ඉඩ 뗒තොගෙයන අය තොගෙපය රබය වවනව R85 landlord (n): තොගෙවල හය geval himiyaa <1> landmine (n): �මතොගෙබමබ bimboomba landslide (n): නයයම naayayææma <1>, <2>, language: භාෂාවල් දැනගන්ෂවbhaaşaava, PL bhaaşaa <1>, What languages do you know, driver? ඩ්‍රඩ්‍රයව‍ තොගෙය බස්සු වල ද ද엊තොගෙ엊? FSI2:183 Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) (Bot., medicinal): හ槊 hik <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 102 lantern (n): ල엊ම lantææruma (syn ‘hurricane lamp’) <1> Lassia spinosa (Bot., leafy vegetable): kohila large (adj): මහත mahat (syn ‘fat’); ǒශල vishaala DC84 largeness or size (n): මහ mahata; ǒශලතවය vishaalatva [vishaalatvə] DC84 last, last part: අ엊뗒ම antima (syn ‘endmost’, ‘final’) R31; පස燒ය t** pasugiya, පහ燒ය** pahugiya my last day: mage antima davasa did you sleep well last night? mahattayaa hoňdaTa ninda giyada iyee? last Wednesday: pasugiya baadadaa MB at last (adv): ඇ뗒 ය엊ම æti yaantam; අ엊뗒තොගෙම뷓 antimeedii (syn ‘finally’) At last! He returned the money this morning: ඇ뗒 ය엊ම! එය අද උතොගෙ뷊 ස්සු ල අපහ 뷔엊න; At last the exam is over: ඇ뗒 ය엊ම ǒභාෂාවල් දැනගන්තොගෙග ඉවරය. <1> late (adv): පර槊槔* parakku R21 be late: daval venavaa, havas venavaa, hændææ venavaa R20, rææ venavaa R14 be very late: hæTa venavaa (I) was too late (Lit ‘didn’t have enough time’): velaa madi unaa. FGdS258 get late (v, passive): NPT-IND පර槊槔 තොගෙවනව parakku venavaa NeLC13 ‘It’s getting late’ (with no subject expressed): පර槊槔 තොගෙවනව. ‘The train is getting late’: තොගෙ臊චය පර槊槔 තොගෙවනව. ‘You will be getting late’ (with an affected person.DAT): ඔයට.DAT පර槊槔 තොගෙවනව. I’ll be late (if I stay here): maTa.DAT parakku venavaa. FGdS123 later: පස්සු තොගෙස්සු passe, I will come later: මම පස්සු තොගෙස්සු එනව. NeLC5 I will eat a little later: මම ව 鷒ක엊 엊නම. NeLC I’ll see.FUT you.ACC later: මම ඔයව පස්සු තොගෙස්සු හමබ තොගෙව엊නම. I arrived here at 8 o'clock. The others came two hours later: මම තොගෙමනට ආතොගෙව අටට. අ엒ත අය ආතොගෙව ඊට පය තොගෙදට පස්සු තොගෙස්සු. <1> latex (n), cf. ‘rubber’ latrine: වසකය væsikiliya C623, PL væsikila?; toilet (SYN lavatory): 槊槔ස්සු සය kakkussiya (orig. Dutch ‘kakhuis’); cf. ‘faeces’ Where is the toilet? væsikiliya koheda? SP1:21 I just want to go to toilet: මට වසකයට ǒරය ය엊න ඕන. CS rasas venavaa 14 , ,be very.'lau: h^Ta venavaa laugh (vi): NPT-IND හන තොගෙවනව* hinaa venavaa R28, සන තොගෙවනව** sinaa venavaa, PT , PP , IMP , GER , cf. ‘smile’ ‘One will gain weight by laughing.GER.ABL’ (prov, saying): sinaasiimen tara vee. <1> laughter (n): සනහව** sinahava, හනහ hinahaa? Andare was laughing to himself (lit. ‘Then Andare was really laughing with the inside.INST of his mind’): ee særee andaree hita ætuleŋ hinaha. G102 law (n): 엓뗒ය niitiya law (n, subject at school): 엓뗒 ǒ뷊යව niiti vidyaava (syn. ‘jurisprudence’) violation (n, Lit’ law – breaking’): 엓뗒ඩම legalisation (n): 엓뗒 කම lawsuit (n): නꗔව naDuva (syn. ‘case at court’); නꗔ ǒභාෂාවල් දැනගන්ය naDu vibhaagaya (i.e. ‘trial’) The man got involved in a court case (man court case-INDEF-DAT be caught-PT): minihaa naDuvakaTa ahu unaa; Court action was taken against the man (man-DAT court case-INDEF fall-PT): minihaaTa naDuvak wæTunaa. <1> lawyer: අ뷊වත advakaat (orig. Dutch), 엓뗒ඥය niitiñayaa lay (vt): cf. ‘put’ English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 103 lay priest, who communicates with the Gods/ritual intermediary (n, Budd.): kapu mahattaya, kapu mahatmayaa, 퇔රළ kapuraala JS166 <1> lazy (adj): අලස්සු alasa; මම kammæli (syn. ‘disinclined’, ‘not to like’; opposite of ආස්සු aasaa) I, of course, don’t like.AM entering public service.PLDAT: mama nam samaaja væDavalaTa bahinna kammæliyi. As for me, I am not interested.AM in public service.PLDAT: mama nam samaaja væDavalaTa kammæliyi. FGdS2:88 I.DAT’m too lazy.AM to go anywhere: maTa koheevat yanna kammæliyi (s.DAT when laziness as a momentary emotion); The boy.NOM is lazy.AM: kollaa kammæliyi (s.NOM when l. is a character). JBD4:69 Friend, you are a really lazy fellow: ayisee, tamuse hari kammæli minihek. FGdS2:88 You lazy girl! / Lazy girl! මමᗒ තොගෙලල! <1> laziness (n): මමම kammælikama MAs322 leader (n): නය naayaka Buddhist leader Dalai Lama: තොගෙබ뷊ධ නය දලය ලම leaf: තොගෙතොගෙළ, තොගෙළය kolee R17, PL තොගෙළ kola curry leaf: karapiñña, karapiñca tender leaf (tea leaf): දලල dalla, දව daluva, PL dalu <1>, <2>, <3>, leak (v): NPT-IND liik venavaa R16, PT l. unaa, PP l. velaa, IMP l. venna learn (in a class) (vi): NPT-IND ඉතොගෙන엊නව igena gannavaa, PT i. gattaa, PP i. gena, IMP i. ganna S127, GER i. gæniima; cf. ‘study’ Chitra learns English from Mr.ABL Mendis: citra mendis saargen ingriisi igena gannavaa. <1> at least: vat Will it be possible to see the big boss at least tomorrow? heTa vat loku mahattayaa hamba venna puluvan veevi-da? FGdS266 Read at least this book: mee potavat kiyavanna. at least two or three times: de-tun særayakvat leave (v): NPT-IND අස්සු තොගෙවනව as venavaa (syn. ‘quit’) R22, PT a. unaa, PP a. velaa, IMP a. venna Since leaving the office I’m always at home: kantooruven.ABL asvunaaTa.DAT passe mama gedara ma.EMP tamayi. FGdS2:79 ‘leaving home’: gedarin.ABL yanavaa MAs73 I quit my job. - No! මම රස්සු ස්සු තොගෙව엊 අස්සු උන. - න!/අයතොගෙය! <1> lecture (n): තොගෙ뷊ශනය deeshanaya, PL deeshana; ල槊ච එ lækcar eka I couldn’t attend the last week’s lectures. I couldn’t understand those: maTa avasaana sumaane deeşanavalaTa yanna bæri unaa. ee Tika teerenne nææ. NeLC3 leech: 槖ඩලල kuuDællaa (PL kuuDællo), diya-kuuDællaa (water leech) <1>, The leech sucks up blood: 槖ඩලල තොගෙල �엊නව. DG67 leeks (n, Agric): 槊ස්සු liiks (orig Eng) left: වම vam Turn left! වමට හතොගෙර엊න! CS left-branching (grammar): the relative clause structure in S is always left-branching, formed by adding a special affix to the verb, and placing the whole clause before its head, i.e. OV. G10. Ex: The man who works in this shop went yesterday: තොගෙම තොගෙ වඩ රන 엒හ ඊතොගෙය 燒ය. left-hand (n, syn. ‘left direction’, oppos. of ‘right’): වම, වම vama R15 On which side of the road is the house? paaren koyi pætteda gee tiyenne? (It is) on (your) left side when you walk: mehee indaŋ yanakoTa vam pætte tiyenne NeLC6 left-over (n): ඉ뗔* ituru (syn. ‘balance’, ‘remaining’, ‘rest’); ඉ췔ල** iňdul (syn. ‘leavings’, ‘impure food’) There was some left-over from yesterday: ඊතොගෙ ඉ뗔 ම 鷒槊 뗒�න. BH32 leg (n): 槔ල kakula R29, PL kakul English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 104 legal (adj): බන뗒 naitika leisure (n), cf. ‘rest’, ‘time’ (have free time) leisurely (adv): 엒ǒහලතොගෙල nivihællee (DIAL Ka, DM) I do some work leisurely: ම 엒ǒහලතොගෙල වඩ槊 රනව. JBD4:154 lemon (n): රට තොගෙදහ raTa dehi lend money (to sb) (v): NPT-IND නයට තොගෙදනවා nayaTadenavaa(Lit‘giveadebt’)47 nayaTa denavaa (Lit ‘give a debt’) lentils (dhal): ප퇊퇔 parippu length (n): 뷒 diga R13 Leonotis nepetifolia (Linn) (Bot, Eng. ‘Lion’s ear’): මහ ය槊 වනස්සු ස්සු maha yak vanassa <1>, leopard (n): 뷒ǒය diviyaa, PL diviyoo (syn. ‘forest cat’) S245 <1>; තොගෙ鷒ය koTiyaa <2>, <3>, less (a, syn. ‘low’, ‘poor’): අꗔ aDu, aDuyi, cf. ‘deficient’; opposite of ‘væDiyi’ Ban Ki-Moon mahattayaagee vayasa hæTa-pahayi-da (65)? aDuyi. Eyaage vayasa hæTayi-da (60)? væDiyi. Eyaage vayasa hæTa-hatarayi-da (64)? hari. MAs14 Tell me when you have a lack (of time)! මට අꗔ තොගෙවලව කය엊න! CS lesson (n): පඩම paaDama, PL paaDaŋ R23 hear a lesson: පඩම 엊නව paaDam gannavaa R23, cf. ‘study’ the lesson that was learned.PT-REL yesterday: iiye igenagatta paaDama DC134 This lesson is easy / difficult/hard / impossible to understand: තොගෙම පඩම තොගෙතම 엊න තොගෙලසය / අමය / බහ; It's a difficult lesson to understand.NPT-REL: ඒ තොගෙතම 엊න අම පඩම槊. <1> The teacher.DAT wants the child.DAT to understand.INF the lesson: 燔වරයට ළමයට පඩම තොගෙතතොගෙර엊න ඕන. let (v): cf ‘allow’ He was let go: එයට ය엊න 뷔엊න. <1> letter (n): liyuma R2, PL ; 퇒ය lipiya, PL lipi; you write a letter: oba liyamak liyanavaa ‘I.1SG.DAT can’t.NEG write.INF this letter.ACC, while talking.VOL.REDUP’: maTa kataa karakara [kətəkərə] mee liyuma liyanna bææ letter (n, verbal noun): liyamana DC50 letter (n, i.e. Sinhala letter/syllable/character): අ槔ර akura, PL අ槔 akuru; ය엊න yanna; (gram.) වණය varnaya ‘the letter ’: ය엊න; ‘the letter අ’: අ ය엊න FGdS366 letter by letter (idiom): අ槔තොගෙර엊 අ槔ර SdS There are fifty-six letters in the Sinhala language: siŋhala bhashaave.LOC akuru panas hayak tiyenavaa. <1> ‘letters of the alphabet’ (gram): වණ varna, cf ‘alphabet’ Leucaena leucocephala (Bot.): ඉ퇒ල ඉ퇒ල ipil ipil <1>, Leucas marrubioides (Linn) (Bot.): ස뷔 뗔ඹ sudu tum ba <1>, Leucas zeylanica (Bot.): ට 뗔ඹ gæTa tum ba <1>, <2>, library (n, syn. ‘bookshelf’): 퇔ස්සු තොගෙල pustakaale, pustakaalaya lie (n): තොගෙබව, PL තොගෙබ boru True or false? (colloq, Lit ‘the truth or lies?’): ætta-da boru-da? That is a false story: eka boru kataavak. FGdS2:120 lie (v): තොගෙබ කයනව boru kiyanavaa You lied to me: ඔය මට තොගෙබ කNJව. <1> Lying.DAT is bad: boru kiyanTa hoňda nææ. JS177 lier (n): තොගෙබරය boru kaarayaa K2:25, maha boru kaarayaa (lit. ‘huge lier’) life (n): පණ pana (syn. ‘breath’); 觓ǒය jiivitaya, GEN jiivitee/IND.GEN jiiviteeka English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 105 Is life in Sri Lanka good? laŋkaave jiivitaya hoňdada? SP1:156 life events: 觓ǒතොගෙත ස뷊뷒; (the) events of a life: 觓ǒතොගෙත ස뷊뷒 lift (v, tr): NPT-IND උස්සු ස්සු නව ussanavaa (syn ‘raise’) R24, PT issuvaa, PP ussalaa, IMP ussanda SP3:77 be lifted (v, passive): NPT-IND ඉස්සු තොගෙස්සු නව issenavaa (syn ‘be raised’) G83 light (adj): බරන뗒 (Lit ‘not heavy’) light (n, i.e. ‘traffic light’): ලය鷊 එ layiT eka We must / have (got) to stop at a red light: අපට ර뗔 ලය鷊 එ පත뗔 තොගෙවනතොගෙට නවත엊න තොගෙවනව. <1> light (vt, ir.): NPT-IND පත뗔 රනව pattu karanavaa R27, PT p.kalaa, PP p. karalaa, IMP p. karanna! S130; light (v, ): NPT-IND දලවනව dalvanavaa, PT dælluvaa, PP dalvalaa, IMP dalvanda SP3:78 light (v, int): NPT-IND dælvenavaa light (outside): eliya R21, laiT-eka, PL laiT, , GEN laiT-ekee, go out (v): eliyaTa yanavaa become light (v, i.e. outside, syn. ‘dawn’): eli venavaa FGdS150 lightning (n, syn. ‘electricity’): ǒ뷔 viduli, ǒ뷔ය viduliya R26 like, liked (v, ph., o.DAT) : kæmati R6; cf. ‘fond of’; ආස්සු aasaa I like books.DAT: මම තොගෙපතවලට ම뗒ය K245 He doesn’t like this book.DAT: එය තොගෙම තොගෙපට ම뗒 න K245 I like to go by bus.INST: මම බස්සු එතොගෙ엊 ය엊න ම뗒ය Nimal likes Pamela.DAT: nimal pæmelaaTa kæmatiyi.AM. S549 What is the colour that you like most? oyaa vaDaatma kæmati paaTa mokakda? S216 Everybody prefers rice cultivation.DAT: kavurut kæmati vii govitænaTa tamayi.FOC SdS1 I like for Gunapala to go.nominalizer=DAT there: mama Gunapaala yanavaaTa kæmati. <1>, The parents like their son becoming.DAT a teacher: තොගෙදමNJ퇒තොගෙය 퇔 燔වරතොගෙය තොගෙවනවට ම뗒ය. I.DAT feel like going to Colombo: maTa kolam ba yanDa aasaayi.AM I like going to Colombo: mama.DIR kolam ba yanDa aasaayi.AM FGdS2:89 not to like, not to feel like (adj): මම kammæli (syn ‘lazy’), cf. ‘lazy’ I don’t feel like doing anything: maTa.DAT kammæliyi.AM. FGdS2:88 like (adj/adv): වතොගෙග, වතොගෙය vage, vaage R26 like that: ඒවතොගෙග ee vagee S549, cf. ‘also’ He is like an actor (He looks like an actor): එය නᗔතොගෙව槊 වතොගෙග. NeLC15 The man cried like a child: minihaa lamayek vagee æňDuvaa. DG77 ‘Just like his father!’ (confirming the baby’s parentage): ත වතොගෙග මය. JBD4:11 ‘like curd and honey’: ක පණ වතොගෙග; like small children: තොගෙපꗒ ළමය වතොගෙග BH26 ‘like the woodapple swallowed by the elephant’ (Lit, prov.): ඇ 燒ලල 뷒ǔල තොගෙꗒය වතොගෙය; it’s a curious fact that a woodapple swallowed by an elephant passes out completely hollow, i.e. without any kernel, the shell being intact. likely (‘it can be’): venna puluvani It might be true: eeka ætta venna puluvani. FGdS328 lime (n, Agric): තොගෙදහ dehi <1>, lime (n): සන** sunu (syn ‘plaster’) <1>, හන* hunu painting walls / white washing (applying lime on the walls): හන නව CS line: ira R31 line housing (n, Arch, i.e. line rooms): ලයම 엒වස්සු [læiŋ] lion: සහය siŋhayaa [siŋhəya] SP1:15 (observe the closed sound of ‘hayannə’ හ hə!) liquorice (n., spice Glycyrrhiza glabra): වල vælmii lip (n): තොගෙල tola, PL තොගෙල tol English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 106 list (n, syn. ‘catalogue’, ‘note’, ‘recipe’, ‘schedule’, ‘specification’): ව鷊තොගෙටව vaTTooruva listen (vt, VOL) : NPT-IND අහනව ahanavaa, or අස්සු නව asanavaa, PT æhuvaa R10, PP ahalaa, IMP ahanna S277, PRES.CON aha aha innavaa (is listening) SP1:111, ; NPT-IND 엊 තොගෙදනව kan denavaa (Lit ‘give ears’, ‘lend ears’) Listen to me: මට අහ엊න. <1> The child listened to the story: ළමය ව ඇහව. G30 listener, hearer (n, verbal noun): අස්සු 엊න asannaa, ‘person who listens or listener’ DC49, PL අස්සු 엊තොගෙන GK7 literature: ස්සුය හ‍ saahitya Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) (Bot., Eng. ‘Indian laurel’): තොගෙබ  boo mii <1>, <2>, Litsea longifolia (Bot.): ratkeliya <1>, little: 鷒 Tika R6; හ엊엒 hinni (DIAL Ru), හ엊엒කර hinnikitara (DIAL Ru, i.e. ‘little in size’) JBD4:153, a little: Tikak, R6, තොගෙපඩ槊 poDDak R14 little son/younger son: hinni putaa; a little love: hinnikitara aadarayak JBD4:153 little fellow (n): M තොගෙපඩ poDDaa (lit ‘little boy’), F තොගෙපꗒස්සු සpoDissi (lit ‘little girl’) K2:25 live (v, passive, syn. ‘conduct a living’): NPT-IND 觓වත තොගෙවනව jiivat venavaa, PT j. unaa, PP j. velaa, IMP j. venna; cf. ‘nourish’ (You) can eat, drink, and dress well and live (comfortably): hoňdaTa kaalaa biilaa æňdalaa jiivat venna puluvan. K270 Man does work to live: minihaa jiivatvenna væDa karanavaa; Man does work for (the purpose of) living: minihaa jiivatviimaTa væDa karanavaa. DG87 way of living: 觓වත තොගෙවන ǒ뷒ය FGdS273 the way in which people live: minissu jiivatvena.NPT-REL vidiya My mother doesn't live: මතොගෙ අමම 觓ව뗔엊 අර න. <1> ‘living room’ / ‘hall’ (n): මහමꗔව mahamaDuva Liyanage (n, surname): යනතොගෙග liyanagee, etym. ‘house of the scribe’ (also: තොගෙලමතොගෙග leekam- gee, i.e. house of the registrar, secretary) lizard-like reptiles: Agamid lizards, Geckos, Chameleons and Monitor Lizards 1) Agamid lizards, 17 spp. - Calotes spp., Otocryptis spp., Cophotis spp., Sitana sp., Ceratophora spp., Lyriocephalus sp.: 鷔ස්සු ස්සු kaTussaa, PL 鷔ස්සු තොගෙස්සු <1>, 2) Geckos, 25 spp. – Cnemaspis spp, Calodactylodes spp, Cyrtodactylus spp, Geckoella sp, Hemiphyllodactylus sp, Lepidodactylus sp, Gehyra sp: ᇖණ, ᇖන huunaa, PL ᇖතොගෙන (living in urban areas); kimbul huunaa (living in rural areas, jungle) <1>, <2>, 3) Chameleon (Chameleo zeylanicus): තොගෙබ뷒ම boodilimaa <1>, 4) Monitor lizards: cf. ‘monitor’ loaf of bread (n): ප엊 තොගෙꗒය paan geDiya R15B21, GEN paan geDiye, loan (n): ණය naya; cf. ‘transaction’ (I) heard (the news) that the bank gives loans. Is it possible to get (acquire) a bank loan? bæŋkuven eekaTa naya denavaa kiyalaa aaraŋciyi.AM. nayak labaa ganna puluvanda? NeLC14 local (adj, syn ‘this country’, ‘domestic’): තොගෙම රට mee raTa [meraTə]; opposite ‘piTaraTa’; පළතොගෙත ’ය නම ‘local name’/’vernacular nameדය deeshiiya, e.g. තොගෙ뷊דpalaatee.LOC CS; තොගෙ뷊 locality (n): හය hariya (syn ‘area’, ‘region’) Do you live there.LOC, too? තොගෙනන මහතයත ඒ හතොගෙයම ද? NeLC6 lock (n, syn ‘bolt’): අ燔ල agula, PL agul lock (v): NPT-IND අ燔ල දමනව agul amanavaa, PT a. unlock: agul arinavaa loin-cloth, span cloth: අඩය amuDe MM8; cloth that farmers wear when working in the fields <1> long (adj): 뷒 diga R13 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 107 longyi / lungi (n): also known as the ‘sarong’ (cf), the Burmese unisex sarong <1>, <2>, <3>, look (at), syn. look for, watch (vt): NPT-IND බලනව balanavaa R1, R17A6, R21c, PT bæluvaa R3, PP balalaa* R15/ balaa**, IMP balanna (balahaŋ 2SG/balahallaa 2PL Ru DIAL JBD4:137), GER බම bæliima (i.e. observation, view) S277, PRES.CON bala bala innavaa (is looking) SP1:111, FUT.XXX balaavi, තොගෙනබල (‘without looking’), IMP.SG. බලප엊! balapan!, IMP.PL balapallaa! (*non-polite), sing. balapia, PL balapiav (*non-polite) DC71, PER baladden DC73, HORT balamu (‘let’s look’) DC73, OPT balaavaa DC73, බල බල, බල뷊뷒 (i.e. ‘while watching’), බල엊න 뗒තොගෙයනව (i.e. have to look) CS, Mother is looking (at) the child: ammaa lamayaa balanavaa F1 The father.NOM blamed.PT me1SG.DAT, when I was watching.NPT-REL TV.ACC: tv_eka balana koTa, taattaa maTa bænnaa. I examined the dog.ANIM.ACC: mama ballaava [ballavə] bæluvaa R3 The teacher temporarily in charge (Litsupervising.NPT-REL the work) at the school, is me: iskoolee dænaTa væDa balana guruvarayaa mamayi. R20 ‘Let’s see’ / Let me see / Let’s have a look (idiom): koo balanna FGdS366 look (at) sth without knowing (v, passive / INV, takes DAT): NPT-IND bælenavaa, PT bælunaa, PP bælilaa, IMP bælenna! S471, S286 ‘look at’ (idiom, syn. ‘visible over there’, ‘that can be seen yonder’): අර තොගෙ퇊න ara peena.NPT-REL FGdS366 Go up to that hotel: ara peena hooTalee laňgaTa yanna. FGdS366 look after (reflexive v): බල 엊නව balaa gannavaa (syn. ‘care for’; lit. ‘look for oneself’), cf. ‘tend’ look for (vt, syn. ‘search’): NPT-IND තොගෙස්සු යනව** soyanavaa, PT sevvaa, PP soyalaa, IMP soyanna! S307, cf. ‘search’ I looked and looked: sevaaa sevvaa. look forward to (v): NPT-IND බලතොගෙපතොගෙරත뗔 ඉ엊නව balaporottu innavaa CS, I am looking forward to seeing you: මම ඔබතොගෙ තොගෙප엓ම බලතොගෙපතොගෙරත뗔 ඉ엊නව.** CS look here (syn. ‘here is’, idiom ‘here you are’): menna R3; තොගෙබ엊න benna, තොගෙබ beŋ (4H DIAL JBD4:140) here’s the money: menna salli R3 look there: onna, anna / aanna R3 look, there’s father coming: aanna taattaa enavaa R3 look up (v, syn ‘search’): hoyaa balanavaa I can look up words in the dictionary.ABL: මට ශ�දතොගෙතොගෙෂ엊 වචන තොගෙහයබල엊න 퇔ᗔව엒. FSI2:182 loose (adj): �ල burul lord (n): බඩර banDaara, Kandyan term of ‘son of a chief or nobleman’, ‘prince’ C408 Lord Buddha: �뷔 Budu, �뷊ධ Buddha; �뷔 හ뷔තොගෙව (the Buddha) JBD4:58 ‘Budhu saranayi’ (rel.): �뷔 ස්සු රණය budu saranayi (lit. ‘May the Buddha bless you’) <1>, lorry (n): තොගෙලය loriya R26 lose (vt, deliberately): තොගෙන뗒 රනව næti karanavaa R21 lose (vi, i.e. ‘get lost’): NPT-IND තොගෙන뗒 තොගෙවනව neti venavaa Do letters get lost? liyuŋ nætivenavaada? FGdS100 I lost my identity card: magee hæňdunumpata næti unaa. When? næti vunee kavadaada? Where? næti vunee koheedida? NeLC8 All was lost. / Everything was lost: ඔ槊තොගෙම න뗒 උන. <1> When used about people: always PT for ‘died’: එය න뗒 උන. lose (vi, ‘lose a victory’): NPT-IND පර뷒නව paradinavaa, PT pæradunaa*/ පර뷔න**?, PP pæradilaa, IMP paradinna S310, loss (n): වය vyaya [vyǝyǝ] English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 108 lotus (n): තොගෙනᗔම nelum (syn. ‘water lily’) <1>, <2>, <3>, lotus flower: තොගෙනᗔම මල white lotus: sudu nelum, i.e. political campaign (1994-95) of Chandrika Kumaratunga to build public support for People’s Alliance’s devolution strategy loudly (adv): ස්සු 뷊තොගෙද엊 sadden, cf. ‘noise’ louse, PL lice (n): M උ槔ණ ukuna, F ඉකණ ikini love (n / adj, s.NOM, o.DAT): ආදතොගෙ* aadare, ආදරය** aadaraya (syn ‘affection’); තොගෙප්‍රමය preemaya (orig. Sanskrit) I love.AM mother.DAT: mama ammaaTa aadareyi; I.NOM love.AM you.DAT: මම ඔබට ආදතොගෙරය; (I) love (my) wife.DAT: �ඳට ආදරය රනව biriňdaTa aadaraya karanavaa You are in love with me, aren’t you? ඔය මට ආදතොගෙරය තොගෙ엊ද?; As if I’ve nothing else to do! (lit ‘it’s the work)’: වතොගෙමය! JBD4:120 lose one’s heart: තොගෙප්‍රම රනවprema karanavaa lovely (adj): ලස්සු ස්සු නlassana Isn’t it a lovely day! තොගෙ臊චර ලස්සු ස්සු නදවස්සු槊ද! <1> loving-kindness (n): බමතත‍ ය maitriya low (vertically): miTi R5 Low Country (n): පහ රට pahata raTa R29 Loxococcus rupicola (Bot.): dotalu loyal (adj): ල뷒 lædi; ප槊ෂප뗒 pakşapaati loyalty (n): lædiyaa LTTE (n, abbr. ‘Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam’): එලටටඊ elTiiTiiii, i.e. තොගෙදමළ ඊළම ǒ槊뗒 තොගෙ鷒 ස්සු ǒධනය <1>, <2> -lu (REP): - ‘it is said’ R9; ‘it seems’ FGdS265; reportative focus marker It’s supposed.REP to rain tomorrow: heTa vahinavaalu SP1:150 (I) hear.REP that aunt Lucy is not well: Lucy nændaaTa saniipa nætilu SP1:150 It seems / it is said.REP that this village can’t grow enough rubber of good quality: mee gama rabar vavanna hoňda madilu SdS1 It is said that bad boys tell lies: naraka lamayi boru kiyanavalu; It is said that good boys did not tell lies: hoňda lamayi boru kivve nætilu. DG74 luck: වස්සු න vaasanaa good luck: ස්සු භාෂාවල් දැනගන්ම엊! / වස්සු න තොගෙNJව vaasanaa veevvaa! ’Cheers!’ ‘Luck!’ වස්සු නව엊! CS luffa (Bot, Luffa acutangula, ribbed gourd): වටතොගෙᗔ væTakolu <1>, <2>, luggage (n): බꗔ baDu (syn. ‘articles’, ‘goods’); cf ‘goods’ lunch: දවල ම daval kææma Every day we get a visitor or two for lunch: kavadaat davalTa amuttek dennek innavaa. FGdS2:84 lung (n): තොගෙපනහලල penahælla, PL තොගෙපනහ penahæli / තොගෙපනහᗔ penahælu CS <1> Lycopersicon esculentum mill (Bot, Eng ‘tomato’): 槊 takkaali Lycopodium cernuum (Bot., club moss, Lycopodiacea, TRF spp.): baDalvanassa, vanassa return to index

M ම ම ම ම     ම ම තොගෙම තොගෙම බම තොගෙම තොගෙම තොගෙම බම තොගෙම ma mā mæ mæ mi mī mu mū mṛ mṝ me mē mai mo mō mau English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 109 ඹ ඹ ඹ ඹ  ඹ  ඹ ඹ ඹ තොගෙඹ තොගෙ බඹ තොගෙඹ තොගෙඹ තොගෙඹ බඹ තොගෙඹ m ba m bā m bæ m bæ m bi m bī m bu m bū m bṛ m bṝ m be m bē m bai m bo m bō m bau

-ma: -ම emphasizing particle, adding an intensive effect R10c, R11A11-12, R12A5, R16A9, R25, R26b; (i) -ම -ma added to a noun or pronoun, meaning lit ‘self’, ‘own’ yourself : oyaama; your own: oyaage ma You come, no one else: oyaama enna S201 Go now itself, no later: dænma yanna S201 That man himself did the work: ee minihaa ma væDa keruvaa. DG73 (ii) -මය -ma+yi added to v.NPT expresses either determination or the sense of doing that action for the first time: I will go home / I go home for the first time: mama gedara yanavaa mayi; The man shall go home / The man goes home for the first time: minihaa gedara yanavaa mayi. DG73 (iii) -මය -ma+yi added to v.PT expresses either the action just being completed or the action done for the first time: We just went home / We went home for the first time: api gedara giyaa mayi. DG73 (iv) -මය -ma+yi added to v.PP (absolutive) expresses the sense of doing a particular act without doubt: The man has gone home (and there is no doubt about it): minihaa gedara gihillaa mayi. DG73 (v) -ma added to the v.NPT-REL implies habit or regularity: The man who regularly cuts trees did not come: gas kapana ma minihaa aave nææ. DG73 (vi) -ma added to an adjective expresses the sense of the superlative degree: The boy plucks the whitest flower: lamayaa sudu ma mala kaDanavaa. DG73 (vii) -ma added to an adverb expresses the sense of ‘so much’ or ‘very much’: The man ate so much rice: minihaa hoňdaTa ma bat kæævaa. DG73 machine: ම৒ම mæşima, PL mæşi ‘machang’ (colloq): මච macan (syn. ‘mate’, ‘brother’); a familiar term of address between close male friends, e.g. brother-in-law, male cousin MM157; an informal term for massinā (orig. Tamil ‘brother-in-law’/cross-cousin) mad(ness): 퇒ස්සු සව pissu(va) R28 퇒ස්සු සම හතොගෙදනව… <1>, Madam (n): තොගෙනන මහතය noonaa mahattayaa*, තොගෙනන මහතමය noonaa mahatmayaa, මඩම mæDam NeLC6 Mae (n, Agric, Eng ‘long bean’): ම mææ magazine: saŋgaraava, PL sagaraaval ‘maha’: season based on the monsoon which brings rain from November to February; harvest is reaped in about February and March. ’Mahanayaka’ (Sangha chief, a senior Buddhist priest): මහනය mahanaayaka; ‘the four Mahanayakas’ <1> ‘Mahasangha’, Sangha: [mahasangə]; ස්සු ඟ saňga, ස්සු ඝ saŋgha, the order of Buddhist monks; highly influential Buddhist association Mahavamsa (n): මහවමස්සු mahaavamsa, මහවස්සු mahaavaŋsa (lit ‘Great chronicle’) <1>, <2>, Mahaweli: මහව Mahiyangana (n): මහයන mahiyaŋgana <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 110 majority (n): වꗒ තොගෙදන væDi denaa (Lit ‘the many’); වꗒ හය væDi hariya (lit. ‘better part’):, following a plural, dependent noun in INST case The majority of these tanks were built in ancient times: vævivalin.PLINST væDi hariya bohoma puraana kaale karapu eevaa. FGdS354 The majority of these shops are good: mee kaDavalvalin.PLINST væDi hariya hoňdayi.AM. FGdS364 Magistrate (Law): මතොගෙහස්සුත්‍රත ත්‍ර‍ maheestraat, i.e. the court of each division, at the lowest level of the judicial system magnificient (adj, syn. ‘posh’): තොගෙෂ槊 şook (shook) R28A19,20,24 mail (a letter) (v): NPT-IND පල රනව tæpæl karanavaa, PT t. kalaa, PP t. karalaa, IMP t. karanna maize (n, Bot. Zea mays, ‘Indian corn’): ඉ緔 iriňgu, බඩ ඉ緔 baDa iriňgu; <1>, <2>, make (vt, syn ‘invent’, ‘construct’, ‘prepare’): (1) NPT-IND හදනව hadanavaa R1, R17A22, PT hæduvaa, PP hadalaa, IMP hadanda SP3:81, GER hædiima, hædilla, PRES.CON hada hada innavaa (is making) SP1:111; (2) NPT-IND karanavaa; (3) NPT-IND නනව tananavaa; cf ‘construct’ father is making the chair: taattaa puTuva hadanavaa F1 make (tea): vakka-ranavaa R1 The way that mother raises her children, is not good: ee ammaage lamayi hædilla hoňda nææ. <1> I make breakfast (for myself): මම උතොගෙ뷊 ම හද엊නව; John makes breakfast (for others): තොගෙජ엊 උතොගෙ뷊 ම හදල තොගෙදනව. FSI2:211 This car is made.NPT.EMP in Sri Lanka.LOC: තොගෙම තොගෙර හද엊තොගෙන ලතොගෙව. <1> He made John the boss: එය තොගෙජ엊 තොගෙල槊 ල; I will make my son a doctor: මම 퇔 තොගෙදස්සු ර තොගෙතොගෙන槊 ර엊නම. JWG2:64 get made (vi, syn. ‘be formed’, ‘grow’): NPT-IND හතොගෙදනව (ස්සු තොගෙදනව) hædenavaa, PT hædunaa, PP hædilaa, IMP hædenna S286; cf. ‘catch’ For how long time have you had the cold? hembirissaava hædilaa davas kiiyak venavaada NeLC4 I’ll get a fever (lit ‘a fever gets made for me’): මට උන හතොගෙදනව. G38 Mother (always) makes Sinhala food well: අමමතොගෙ엊 සහල ම තොගෙහඳට හතොගෙදනව. G71 have made (v): NPT-IND හදවනව hadavanavaa, PT Carolis is getting the carpenter.DAT to make a bed: තොගෙරස්සු වꗔ බස්සු උ엊නතොගෙහට කයල ඇඳ槊 හදවනව. JWG2:68 making (n, syn ‘creation’, ‘culture’?): ඇ뗒 කම malaria: මතොගෙලයව mæleeriyaava <1>, It is a white tablet that the gentleman gave.PT.EMP you for malaria: mahattəya oyaaTə mæleeriyaavəTə dunne sudupaaTə_pettək. I.DAT have malaria: maTa mæleeriyaava. People died from malaria.ABL: mæleeriyaaven minissu malaa. <1> Malay language (n): මතොගෙල භාෂාවල් දැනගන්ෂවmælee bhaaşaava Malay people (n): ජ jaa minissu; ජව jaavaa m.; මතොගෙල mælee m. male: 퇔ෂ puruşa ’Maligava’: maaligaava; the Temple of the Tooth in Kandy <1> PROV: ‘The place your heart (syn ‘mind’) is in, is your castle’: හ 燒ය න මᗒව hita giya.PT-REL tæna maaligaava DC195 Malaysia (n): මලයසයව CS Maldives (n): මල 뷒වයන maala divayina (lit. ‘necklace islands’) Malpudanella (n): මල퇔දනලල malpudanælla; hamlet 2 km southwest of Pitabeddara ‘mammoty’, mamotee (n, syn. ‘hoe’): උදලල udælla, PL udalu; mæmaTi; an agricultural tool with a wooden handle and metal blade, used for digging and hoeing <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 111 If it is a small field, (they) dig with a mammoty.INST: poDi kumburak nam, udællakin koTanavaa. FSI:2:273 to weed with a hoe: udalu gaanna SdS89 man (n): NOM 엒හ minihaa* R1, 엒ස්සු minisaa**, ACC minihaava, INST minihaa atiŋ, DAT minihaaTa, ABL minihaageŋ, GEN minihaagee, LOC minihaa laňga, VOC minihoo, PL minissu, GEN minissunge; 퇒ය** pirimiyaa, PL pirimi? this man: meyaa R11 that man (syn. ‘he’): ee minihaa R2, oyaa, areyaa (Lit ‘that person over there’), eyaa (Lit ‘that person in question’) FGdS150 men's clothes: 퇒엊තොගෙග ඇ췔ම** ‘man’ (colloq, slang): බ baŋ, i.e. friendly way of addressing a male or sometimes a female ‘Why are you shouting, man?’ තොගෙමද බ엊 හ엊තොගෙ엊? <1> ‘man’ (follows name): මහ mahataa, e.g. රජප槊ෂ මහ <1>, -mana (v.PP-stem + suffix): -මන [-mǝnǝ], added to PP-stem of some verbs, refers to action as result; ‘writing’ (i.e. letter): liyamana; ‘saying’: kiyamana; ‘weaving’ (i.e. texture): viyamana; ‘giving’ (i.e. allowance): diimana; ‘begging’: hiňgamana K2:32 manager (n): අය뗒රය ayitikaarayaa (syn. ‘owner’, ‘possessor’, ‘proprietor’); cf. ‘landlord’ Mangifera indica L. (Bot., Eng. mango): අඹ am ba <1>, <2>, Mangifera zeylanica (Bot., TRF tree): ඇටඹ æTam ba <1>, <2>, <3>, mango (a fruit): අඹ am ba, අඹ තොගෙꗒය am ba-geDiya R13, GEN am ba geDiye, PL am ba R10, diya- am ba (water mango), Mangifera indica (Linn). <1> mangosteen (Bot., Garcinia mangostana): ම엊燔ස්සු ට엊 mængusTiin; mæŋgus geDiya; a small fruit with a thick purple rind and juicy white flesh. <1> ‘maniokka’ (Bot. Manihot esculenta): mannyokka; manioc, cassava, a kind of yam used as a vegetable. <1> ‘manna’ (syn. machete): ම엊නය manna; a large curved knife Mannar (n): ම엊නරම mannaarama, town and district in… manner (n.): andama R17, hæTi(ya) R17, R27b, ǒ뷒ය* vidiya, PL vidi FGdS275 (syn ‘method’, ‘way’), ǒ뷒 vidiha R17, ලය taalee R31 syn. fashion’; ‘how people get about’: minissu yana ena hæTi SdS11 The manner in which he wrote the book is not good: එය තොගෙප NJව ǒ뷒ය තොගෙහඳ න. CS He does not know how to write (the way to write): eyaa liyana hæTi danne nææ; The man works well (lit ‘in a good manner’): minihaa hoňda hæTi væDa karanavaa. DG84 mansion, cf. ‘valavuva’ many: හඟ槊 huňgak R10 map (n): ස뗒යම draw maps (vt): NPT-IND ස뗒යම අ췒නව March (n): maartu R22 mark (n, syn. ‘point’): ල槔ණ lakuna, PL ල槔귔 lakunu She didn’t have enough marks (to enter university): eyaaTa lakunu madi unaa. NeLC11 Both your children get good marks, don’t they? ඔයතොගෙ ළමය තොගෙද엊නම තොගෙහඳ ල槔귔 엊නව තොගෙ엊ද? <1> market: maakaT-eka, PL maakaT, GEN maakaT-ekee marry (vt): NPT-IND බ췒නව baňdinavaa R20, PT bændaa, PP bæňdalaa, IMP baňdinna S281, S519; marriage (n): ස්සු දය kasaadaya / kasaada (Port. ‘casádo’) get married (v): NPT-IND ස්සු ද බ췒නව kasaada baňdinavaa (formal; Lit ‘binding the thumbs together’), PT k. bændaa, PP k. bæňdalaa, IMP k baňdinna S281 <1>, Kamila married last year: ල 燒ය අǔ뷊තොගෙ뷊 ස්සු ද බ엊ද. BH6 I’ve married, and I continue to be married: මම ස්සු ද බඳල ඉ엊නව. FSI2:161 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 112 We are living together without formality: api nikaŋ innavaa taking a wife: gæhæniye / gæniyek gannavaa become family: pavul venavaa marry sb: ම燔ල තොගෙදර 뗒තොගෙයනව CS marriage registrator (n): lekam mahatmayaa love marriage: prema sambandha vivaahaya cross-cousin marriage: avæssa hiraya mason: තොගෙමස්සු 엊 බස්සු meesan baas (orig. Dutch); builder, mason, bricklayer massacre (n): ǒනශය vinaashaya (syn. ‘fall’, ‘blow’, ‘destruction’, ‘extinction’, ‘ruin’) CS mass media (n): ජන මධධ‍ jana maadhya; cf. ‘journalist’ mat (n, sleeping mat): ප뷔ර pædura R26, PL ප뷔 (made out of coconut-leaves, reeds or other fibres) -mat (suffix): ‘possessing’ DC84, cf. ‘-vat’ wonder: asiri; wonderful: asirimat DC84 courage: diri; courageous: dirimat DC84 Matara: මර, from Modara (“Lands End”) <1>, <2>, <3 > , native of Matara: maatarayaa K2:28 match box (n): 燒엒 තොගෙප鷊鷒ය ginipeTTiya R28, cf. ‘fire’ and ‘box’ You have a box of matches? Oyaa laňga gini peTTiyak tiyenavaa? <1> matchmaker (n): (ම緔ල) 퇔ව (maňgul) kapuvaa (syn ‘go between’, ‘marriage broker’); 퇔 මහතය JBD4:143; ඔත뗔රය ottukaarayaa (DIAL Ka, 4K; syn ‘spy’, ‘scout’) Now matchmakers are rare: ද엊 ඔත뗔රතොගෙය හඟය. JBD4:148 matchmaking (n): තොගෙපතොගෙර엊දම <1>; cf. ‘promise’ matter, ‘does it matter?’ (v, Lit ‘is it.DAT a matter/problem?’): kamak nædda? FGdS123 Doctor, is it alright to take a shower.DAT? næævaTa kamak nædda dostara mahattayaa? NeLC4 mattress (n): 燔뷒ය gudiriya (orig. Port. ‘godrím’) mature (v, VOL); cf. ‘become ripe’ ‘mawatha’ (n): මව maavata (in addresses) road, street, avenue maximum (adj): උපම uparima May: මය මස්සු ය mæyi R22 may be (quasi-v, verbal phrase): තොගෙව엊ඩ ඇ뗒** , තොගෙව엊න ඇ뗒* vennaæti, venna æti S496, ස්සු මහරǒට samaharaviTa R27, තොගෙව엊න 퇔ᗔව엊 venna puluvaŋ CS; cf. ‘perhaps’ may (v): May we read.INF+Q these books? අ퇒 තොගෙම තොගෙපත කයව엊ඩ ද? May I go.INF+Q? මම ය엊ඩ ද? <1> ‘may’, ‘might’, ‘will probably’, ‘is likely to’. FGdS165, DG72; cf. ‘possibility’ -maya (suffix): මය ‘made from’ DC85 metal: තොගෙලහ looha; made from metal: තොගෙලහමය loohamaya DC85 poetry: වව‍ kaavya; poetic: වවමය‍ kaavyamaya DC85 MP (member of parliament): ම엊තත‍ 뗔ම mantriitumaa <1> me (pron): මව maava R3; They cheated me.ACC: ඒ තොගෙලතොගෙල මව ව鷊鷔ව. <1> to me: මට maTa R2; from me: මතොගෙ엊 magen R10 ; with me: මත එ槊 maat ekka meal: ම kææma R6; kææma ekak meaning (n): තොගෙතම teeruma; අථය arthaya (syn ‘reading’) There are meaningless stories in these films: mee films-vala teerumak næti kataa tiyennee. <1> Is it a word to mean ‘courtesy’? Courtesy-vala-Ta kiyana vacanayak-da? That is what I mean: ඒ මය තොගෙතම. English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 113 What is the meaning of that word.GEN? තොගෙම뷊ද තොගෙම වචනතොගෙය තොගෙතම? <1> What is the meaning of ‘….’: තොගෙදමNJ퇒තොගෙය කය엊තොගෙ엊 තොගෙම槊ද? තොගෙදමNJ퇒තොගෙය කය엊තොගෙ엊 ‘අමමය’ ‘තය’. get meaning (v): තොගෙතම 엊නව teerum gannavaa (syn. ‘understand’) measles (n, Med, Norw ‘meslinger’): ස්සු රමප sarampa <1>, <2> The man.DAT has measles: 엒හට ස්සු රමප JBD4:71; All these children.DAT have had measles: තොගෙම ළමය ඔ槊තොගෙටම ස්සු රමප හ뷒ල 뗒යනව. <1> measure (v, tr): NPT-IND ම엒නව maninavaa, PT mænnaa, PP mænalaa, IMP maninda SP3:82 measure (vt, VOL): NPT-IND kiranavaa (syn. ‘weigh’) be measured (vi, INV): NPT-IND kirenavaa measures (old): amuna (5-6 bushels), pææle (1 ¼-1 ½ bushels), timba, kuruniya (1/10 of a pææle), næliya (¼ of a kuruniya), kuDDa (¼ of a næliya); are actually baskets of different sizes to measure rice. meat (n): මස්සු mas R27; chicken: kukul mas; beef: harak mas; mutton: elu mas; pork: ඌමස්සු uuru mas; venison: muva mas SP2:7 meat bun (n): mas paan meditation (n): භාෂාවල් දැනගන්වනව bhaavanaava, PL භාෂාවල් දැනගන්වන bhaavanaa CS meddle: æňgili gahanavaa 24B30 medicine (n): තොගෙබතොගෙහ beheta R22, R24A9, තොගෙ� beeta, PL තොගෙබතොගෙහත behet, beet science of medicine: බවද ǒදව vajdya vidyaava Have you taken any medicine? behet monava hari [monəvaari] bivvaada [biuvadə]? NeLC4 meet (v, ir., passive; 1. syn. ‘come across accidentally’, ‘be found’, s.DAT; 2. syn. ‘meet by arrangement or intention’, s.NOM): NPT-IND හමබ තොගෙවනව hamba venavaa R21, PT h. unaa / h. unaa, PP h. velaa, IMP h. venna S125, FUT h.vemu (let us meet), NEG හමබ තොගෙනǓ (without having met) I am meeting / will meet / am going to meet my old friends next weekend: එන ස්සු 뗒 අ엊තොගෙය මම මතොගෙ පරණ යᗔතොගෙව හමබතොගෙවනව. <1> Do you want to meet him.ACC? Mahattayaava hamba-venna oona-da? I.DAT saw him.ACC this morning: මට එයව අද උතොගෙ뷊 හමබ උන; dative case implies accidental meeting, and party in dative case caught sight of the other first. R21 I.NOM met the Master on Monday (either by arrangement or intention): mama saňdudaa mahattayaa hamba unaa. FGdS252 He said, ‘I'll see you tomorrow.’: එය කNJව “මම තොගෙහට ඔයට හමබ තොගෙව엊නම” කයල <1>; You.DAT have met my brother.ACC, haven’t you? ඔයට මතොගෙ අයයව/මලව හමබ තොගෙවල 뗒යනව තොගෙ엊ද? <1>; I met that gentleman while at Colombo: මට ඒ මහතයව තොගෙළඹ 뷒 හම�න. CS meet (vi, ir, syn. ‘gather’, ‘assemble’): NPT-IND ස්සු තොගෙවනව ræs venavaa, PT r. unaa, PP r. velaa, IMP r. venna S125 meeting: ස්සු Ǔම ræsviima, PL ræsviim; 鷒ම miiTima (orig. Eng.) We have a meeting today: අපට අද ස්සු Ǔම槊 뗒තොගෙයනව The meeting starts / will start at 9.30 a.m. උතොගෙ뷊 9.30 ට ස්සු Ǔම ආරමභාෂාවල් දැනගන්තොගෙවනව. a UN meeting: එ槊ස්සු ත ජ뗓엊තොගෙග ස්සු Ǔම槊 <1> ‘meeya’: miiyaa; (colloq) to stay quiet, to keep a low profile (e.g. feeling guilty about sth) (Sinhala: miiyaa=rat); Look at him, waiting like a meeya as if nothing happened! Melia azedarach L (Bot, medicinal pl, Eng. ‘Margosa tree’): මහ 엒බ maha niba <1>, <2>, melon (n): ක kækiri <1>, තොගෙමꗔ komaDu <1>; cf. ‘Cucumis melo’ water melon: 뷒ය තොගෙමꗔ <1>; honey melon: පණ තොගෙමꗔ memory (n): ම mataka R25; cf unremembered: amataka English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 114 I.DAT remember.AM: maTa matakayi R25; cf. forget: mataka nææ, amatakayi.AM (amətəkay) I.DAT remember.AM you.ACC: oyaaava maTa matakayi R25:206 remind (vb. VOL): matak karanavaa, cf. ‘remind’ come to memory (vb. INV): NPT-IND matak venavaa She remembered to write the letter: එයට.DAT ම ය엊න ම槊 උන I know the boy who remembered the homework: gedara væDa matak vecca.PT-REL lamayaava.ACC mama dannavaa. <1> Menika (very common Ka F first name): මණතොගෙ槊 mænikee Mentha arvensis (Linn) (Bot, Eng.’mint’, ‘peppermint’): ච, ම엊ච minci <1>, <2>, <3>, mental formations (Bud.): samkhaara mention: not to mention: tiyaa R30 merchant (n): දල mudalaali (orig Tamil), තොගෙවතොගෙළ엊ද velendaa merchants’, confectioners’ and military personnels’ caste (n): වහම퇔ර (හ槔) 槔ලය vahumpura (hakuru) <1>, also called ‘jaggery-maker caste’ JS268, merit (n, Budd.): 퇒, 퇒엊 pin R7; moral credit gained through meritorious acts such as charitable deeds, alms-givings, pilgrimages, etc. 'ah merit': anee pin (used for real thanks - the acquiring of merit is an important part of practical Buddhism) R7 meritorious (adj): puñña; blessed, happy, fortunate, lucky C363; puññakiriya: good action C363 mess (n): අǔල avula, PL avul (syn ‘chaos’, ‘disorder’) When we went home yesterday, the children had made a mess in the living room: අ퇒 ඊතොගෙය තොගෙදර යනතොගෙට ළමය ස්සු තොගෙල තොගෙහඳටම අǔල රල. <1> ‘mess’ (n, colloq slang): ‘messy’ (n, colloq slang): අ엊ජ බජල* anja bajal (syn. ‘complicated’, ‘troublesome’); 燖 තොගෙ槊ස්සු guu kees* (orig. ‘goo case’), වතොගෙ වචස්සු* væDee varcas (both Lit ‘shitty thing’) <1> message: paniviDee, PL paniviDa Mesua spp. (Bot., TRF trees, 30-40 m canopy, unbroken without emergents): naa Mesua nagassarium L. (Bot., canopy TRF tree):batu-naa M. ferrea (syn. M. thwaitesii): 뷒ය න diya-naa Mesua ferrea (Bot., medicinal tree): naa, naagaha; Sri Lanka’s national tree <1>, metal (n): තොගෙලහ looha; cf ‘iron’ meter (n): ටරය miiTaraya, PL miiTar, abbr. m  method (n): 퇒ᗒතොගෙවළ pilivela R29; ǒ쇒ය** / ǒ뷒ය* vidiya (syn. ‘way’, ‘manner’), PL ǒ뷒*; ක්‍රමය kramaya [krǝme:] (syn ‘technique’, ‘mechanism’, ‘process’); cf. ‘programme’ monastic order miaow (Norw. ‘mjau’): ñaav Mezomeuron spp. (Bot., mangrove plants): goda wavuletiya middle (n), in the middle: මද mæda R25, mædda S553 From the end of July till about the middle of August: juuli maase aga iňdalaa agoostu mæda hariya vena kaŋ FGdS313 central courtyard (in the middle of traditional Ka houses, sunk yard open to sky): මද 뷔ල middle-aged (adj): ල뗔න talatunaa He is middle-aged, may be around fifty: එය ල뗔න තොගෙතොගෙන槊, වයස්සු අǔ뷔 පනහ槊 ǒර ඇ뗒. NeLC5 might be / might have (quasi-v): ඇ뗒 æti (simple present + æti) Perhaps there might be (some) tomorrow: samaharaviTa heTa æti. FGdS100 The gentleman might have a car: mahattayaa kaar-ekak æti. FGdS104 The master might buy that car tomorrow: mahattayaa heTa ee kaar eka gannavaa æti. FGdS327 I.NOM might do that work: මම ඒ වඩ ර엊න 퇔ᗔව엒. English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 115 might not be (quasi-v): න뗔ව ඇ뗒 nætuva æti (emphatic form + nætuva æti) Tomorrow he might not stay in the office: mahattayaa heTa kantooruve navatinne nætuva æti. FGdS327 ‘milchard’: milchaaD; a cheap variety of rice mile, Sri Lankan (n): හ퇊ම* hætæpma, GEN hætæpme, ස්සු 퇊ම** sætæpma, i.e. ‘the distance at which a cooly rests’ C714; ස්සු 퇔ම sætapuma A Sri Lankan mile is 270 (m) long: laŋkaave diga sætæpma desiiya hættæævayi.AM. SG To go to Dambana one has to go about 12 miles from Maha Oya: dam baanaTa yanna maha oya iňdalaa hætæpma dolahak vitara yanna tiyenavaa. FGdS292 military service (n): හද තොගෙස්සු වය hamudaa seevaya <1>, milk: ක kiri R14; උ槊槔**, kuku*, ukkuŋ* (CDS, child directed speech) තොගෙළඹට ක - මට ක kolam baTa kiri, gamaTa kækiri: ‘milk for Colombo and cucumber for the village’ (political slogan of the JVP coined in the late 80s) ‘the first milk’ (n): ර엊ක ටම, i.e. the first small rite of passage, when a few drops of breast milk is spooned onto the baby’s tongue to ensure good health and prosperity milk-boiling (n, cult): ක ඉ뗒ම kiri itiriima <1>, milk powder (n): 퇒鷒ක piTikiri / ක퇒鷒 kiripiTi milk-rice: කබත kiribat R30 <1> milk rice stuffed with scraped coconut cooked in treacle: imbul kiri bat; cut into diamond shapes, served on festive occasions Milk Road: අහස්සු ඟahas gaŋga (Lit ‘the river of sky’) mill (n): තොගෙමල milla (Bot., =chaste tree): milla, milila, Vitex altissima L. millet (n, Bot, Norw ‘hirse’): තොගෙමතොගෙ엊 meneeri <1>; cf. ‘Panicum’ million (n): දශල槊ෂය dasha lakşaya, i.e. ten lahks; යනය miliyanaya, PL miliyana ten million: තොගෙ鷒ය kooTiya Mimusops elengi (Bot., Sapotaceae): muunamal; timber tree, producing a very fragrant yellow or white flower C496, luxurious hard wood <1> mind (n, syn. ‘feelings’, ‘heart’): හ hita R24, R23A35, PL hit; sita**; cf. ‘Maligava’; cf. ‘intend’ the pain of the mind.LOC: hitee duka DC129 my heart: මතොගෙග හmage hita <1> with a good heart: තොගෙහඳ හ뗒엊 CS Everybody worked together in unity (lit ‘one mind’.ABL): kavurut eka hitin væDa kalaa. the pleasing of the mind (Budd, syn ‘composure’, ‘calmness of mind’): hita santoosakiriima ‘body and mind’: gata sita; ‘mind and body’: sita kaya JBD4 mind (n): නවන nuvana (syn. ‘wisdom’, ‘intelligence’) <1> minister (n): ඇම뗒 æmati; ministerial position: ඇම뗒ම æmatikama K2:28 Ministry (n): අමශය‍ amaatyaŋshaya minor (adj): සᗔ, ස sulu (syn ‘insignificant’, ‘little’, ‘poor’, ‘simple’), cf. ‘crop’ minute (n, time unit): ǒනꗒය vinaaDiya, PL ǒනꗒ in five minutes: ǒනꗒ පහක엊 CS every fifteen minutes (lit. ‘from fifteen to fifteen minutes’): ǒනꗒ පහතොගෙලතොගෙහ엊 පහතොගෙලහට. CS ‘minutes’ (n, syn ‘documentary’, ‘report’, ‘account’): වව vaartaava mirror: ණꗒය, 엊නꗒය kannaaDiya (syn. ‘glasses’) <1>, <2> Gunapala saw himself.ACC in the mirror.INST: gunapaala tamanva kannaaDiyen dækkaa. GP56 be mischievous, be naughty, irritate (v): NPT-IND දඟ රනව daňga karanavaa R26, miserable, wretched, desolate, unfortunate, inauspicious (adj. colloq): muusala, muspeentu; noun: muusalayaa, muspeentuvaa English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 116 ‘the miserables’ (n): ලණය kaalakanniyaa, political term describing poor unemployed village youth mislead (vt, VOL, syn. ‘make mistakes’, ‘make wrong’): NPT-IND වර뷊දනව varaddanavaa R23, PT værædduvaa, PP varaddalaa, IMP varaddanna S381 He.DAT doesn’t make mistakes: eyaaTa varadinne nææ. <1> be missed (vi, passive, s.DAT, syn. ‘err’, ‘make mistake’): NPT-IND වරතොගෙදනව væradenavaa R23, PT væradunaa, PP væradilaa, IMP væradenna S316 miss (vi, passive, s.DAT, syn. ‘go wrong’, ‘make mistakes without knowing’): NPT-IND වර뷒නව varadinavaa, PT væradunaa, PP væradilaa, IMP varadinna S310 I missed my bus today: maTa ada bas eka væradunaa. NeLC13 I miss the Colombo bus every day: maTa kolam ba bas eka hæmadaama varadinavaa. <1>, I miss you (in a letter, Lit ‘I.DAT feel loneliness without you’): ඔබ න뗔ව මට පᗔ දතොගෙනනව. When you write letters while talking, you go wrong: ර ර  වම වර뷒නව. CS miss (vt, ‘miss sbd.’): NPT-IND පᗔ දතොගෙනනව paalu dænenavaa (Lit ‘feel loneliness’, ‘feel abandoned’) Miss (n, i.e. unmarried girl): miss S553 mistake: වරද varada R20; cf ‘fault’ to make a mistake (v, INV, s.DAT, syn. ‘err’, ‘go wrong’): NPT-IND වර뷒නව varadinavaa R23, PT væradunaa, PP væradilaa, IMP varadinna S310 Mister, I.DAT got lost on the way: mahatmayaa, maTa paara væradunaa. SG Mister (n): මහතය* mahattayaa, INF mahattayek, PL mahatturu R11 mix (v): NPT-IND ලවම රනව kalavam karanavaa, PT k. kalaa, PP k. karalaa, IMP k. karanna Vegetables and meat are mixed with rice, and fried in ‘duntel’: elooluyi masuyi bat ekka kalavam karalaa duntelen.INST bædalaa. FGdS335 mix (vt): NPT-IND ලනව kalatanavaa, PT kælætuvaa, PP kalatalaa, IMP kalatanna SP3:83 mix (v, int): NPT-IND kælatenavaa mixture (n): ශ්‍රණයmishranaya modern (adj): අත alut, cf. ‘new’ Mohan Indrasiri: තොගෙමහ엊 ඉ엊ද්‍රස moment: ǒනꗒය vinaaDiya (syn ‘minute’) Give me one moment: මට ǒනꗒය槊 තොගෙද엊න. <1> this moment: ද엊ම dænma R18A15 right now: dænaTa in another moment: ව 鷒තොගෙ엊 tava Tiken; Momordica charantia (n, Bot, Eng. ‘Bitter Gourd’): රǒල karavila, karivila <1>, monastic order monastery (n, Budd., i.e. the monks residence): ප엊ස්සු ල pansala (syn. ‘Buddhist temple’) <1>, Where is the monastery (here)? තොගෙතොගෙහ ද ප엊ස්සු ල? <1> Monday: ස්සු 췔ද saňdudaa R19 If today is Monday, which day was yesterday? ada saňdudaa nam, iiye davasa mokakda? SG money (n, cent, coin): ස්සු ලsalli(ya) R2 <1>, <2>, <3>, PROV ‘Money is the younger brother of the gods.GEN’: ස්සු ල තොගෙදයය엊තොගෙ මල salli deyiyange malli Have (you) got change money? maaru salli tiyenavaada? SP1:21 Here’s the money: menna salli. Here’s the change (lit. ‘left-over money’: ituru salli menna. NeLC2 mongoose (Zool.): තොගෙහව hootam buvaa English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 117 Herpestes brachyurus or Brown mongoose: තොගෙබර 鷒ය bora mugaTiyaa <1>, Herpestes edwardsii or Grey mongoose: අᗔ 鷒ය alu mugaTiyaa <1>, Herpestes smithii or Black-tipped / Ruddy mongoose: තොගෙහව hootam buvaa <1>, Herpestes vitticollis or Stripe-necked or badger mongoose: ල 鷒ය gal mugaTiyaa <1>, monitor lizard: goyaa water monitor (Varanus salvator or Hydrosaurus salvator L.): බරතොගෙය kabaragoyaa, PL kabaragoyi land monitor (iguana): ලතොගෙය talagoyaa monk, bhikku: හ뷔තොගෙව haamuduruvoo (i.e. ‘the monk.HON.PLn. JBD4:58), IND. haamuduru namak MAs10; උ엊න엊තොගෙස්සු unnaansee (Lit ‘venerable sir’); bikku; පǒ뷊ද** pæviddaa, පǒ뷒 pævidi (syn. ‘ascetic’) CS; M මහණ mahana CS, F තොගෙමතොගෙහණ mehena (i.e. ‘nun’) JBD4:106, that monk: උ엊 වහ엊තොගෙස්සු ; monks: උ엊 වහ엊තොගෙස්සු ල I became monk / Bhikkhu: ම මහණ උන (Lit ‘I became dedicated to religious life’) <1> Layman addressing a monk: haamuduruvanee, swamiin-vahansa, saadu Layman referring to a monk: Name + haamuduruvo saadu <1>, The monk is.POL at the temple.LOC: හ뷔තොගෙව ප엊ස්සු තොගෙල වඩ ඉ엊නව; There are.POL three monks at the temple.LOC: හ뷔ව 뗔엊 නම槊 ප엊ස්සු තොගෙල වඩ රනව. JBD4:57 monkey (n): (1) ලව , ළව rilavaa, PL rilav; (2) M ව췔ර vaňduraa, F væňdiri K2:25, PL ව췔තොගෙර vaňduro (also nick name or an insult to a male, refering to his bad looks or being dark); (3) vanduru (male m.), ව췒 væňdiri (female m., also nick name) DC83; Sri Lanka toque monkey (Macaca sinica) ශශ‍ ල ලව; Grey langur (Semnopithecus priam) ඇ ව췔ර; Purple-faced leaf monkey (Trachypithecus vetulus) ශශ‍ ල -ව췔ර <1> There is a monkey on the tree: gahee.LOC vandurek innavaa. <1> There are many (macaque) monkeys in Sri Lanka: laŋkaava rilav huňgak tiyenavaa / innavaa. <1> Monochoria hastaefolia (Bot.): diya habarala. <1> monsoon: තොගෙමස්සු ම south-west monsoon: 엒 තොගෙමස්සු ම, 엒뷒 තොගෙමස්සු ම; north-east monsoon: ඊශන තොගෙමස්සු ම monster: gooni billa (CDS, child directed speech) month: maasa, maasee.LOC (‘in the month of’), PL maasa R22 next month: labana maasee lunar month: chandra-maasa; from one new / full-moon to another, beginning in April: Vesak (May), Poson (June), Æsala (July-August), Durutu (January) solar month: suuriya-maasa It rained during the whole month.EMP: ᗔ මතොගෙස්සු ම වස්සු ස්සු. <1>, moon (n): හඳ haňda, PL හඳවල; ambili maama (CDS, child directed speech) <1>; moon light: හඳ එᗒය CS; කයය kitayiyaa (DM DIAL JBD4:143) moor, Muslim (n): ම�ය tambiyaa, PL ම� tambi <1>; moor; a Muhammadan of South India or Sri Lanka, so called as the chief nation of that religion known to the Portuguese, were the people of Morocco moorish (adj): මර槊ල marakkala moral (n): ස්සු දචර sadaacaara CS more (adv): වꗒය væDiya, væDiye R8, R16, වꗒ væDi S492 more than (s.DAT): -Ta væDiye (the lesser of two things compared precedes væDiye) Fruit is more expensive than vegetables: elavaluvaTa væDiye palaturu ganan. FSI:3:85 This house is bigger than that house: are gedaraTa væDiye mee gedara lokuyi.AM. FSI:3:85 Not more than a month: dæn maasekaTa væDiye nææ. FGdS272 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 118 I like Kandy more than Colombo: mama kolam baTa væDiye nuvara kæmatiyi.AM. FGdS279 more than that: ඊටත වඩ <1> more (comparative degree of adj/adv): වඩ vaDaa S215, cf. ‘most’ (superlative degree of adj/adv) better (Lit ‘more good’): vaDaa hoňda taller (Lit ‘more tall’): vaDaa usa better (Lit ‘more well’, adv): vaDaa hoňdin hotter (Lit ‘more hot’, adv): vaDaa rasnen the more… (colloq): INF+INF / stem+stem ‘ර엊න ර엊න’ The more I learn, the more I see how little I know: ඉතොගෙන 엊න ඉතොගෙන 엊න මම තොගෙද엊තොගෙන 鷒ය කයල තොගෙ퇊නව. The more sunshine there is, the sweeter the strawberries get: ඉර එᗒය වꗒ තොගෙව엊න තොගෙව엊න ස්සුතොගෙටතොගෙට‍ තොගෙබ ප엒 රස්සු තොගෙවනව. MAs279 Morinda citrifolia L. (n, Bot, ‘Indian mulberry’): අහ ahu <1>, <2>, Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn. (Bot., medicinal tree, Moringaceae fam.):  muruŋgaa; horse- radish tree; a type of vegetable, the long green pods of the 'horseradish tree' (= drumsticks) <1>, <2>, morning: udee R12 early morning (n, syn. ‘dawn’): ප엊දර paandara R27 early in the morning: ප엊ද엊 paandarin R27 good morning: subha udææsanak veevaa! සභාෂාවල් දැනගන් උතොගෙ뷊ස්සු න槊 තොගෙNJව, සභාෂාවල් දැනගන් උදස්සුන槊! ‘morning and evening’ (n, idiom): devaruva [devaruvə], Lit ‘two + period in the day’ mortar: (තොගෙල槔) වතොගෙꗒය (loku) vaŋ-geDiya, GEN vaŋ-geDiye; large wooden mortar used to clean the husk from the rice C564 <1> , <2>, <3>, ; cf ‘pestle’ and ‘moolgaha’; bulat vaŋgeDiya (hand-held brass mortar) Morus alba L (Bot, ‘Common Mulberry’): (රට) ඇලල (raTa) æm billa <1> mosque (n): ස්සු ම පලය muslim palliya MAs28 <1>, <2>, mosquito: ම뷔ව maduruvaa, PL ම뷔 maduru / maduruvo [maduruo] There are three mosquitoes.ANIM: ම뷔තොගෙව 뗔엊 තොගෙදතොගෙන槊. (We) are bitten by mosquitoes: ම뷔තොගෙව නව maduruvo kanavaa DC155 A mosquito has bitten me on the hand.LOC: atee maduruvek kaalaa.PP DC155 Diseases are spread through mosquitoes.ABL: maduruvangen leDa boovenavaa. DC118 mosquito coil (n): ම뷔 දඟරය, ම뷔 දඟතොගෙ maduru daňgaree <1>, mosquito net (n): ම뷔 දල maduru dæla <1>, mosquito ‘repelling’ plant (Ocimum satum L.; Eng. Purple Stalk Basil or Sacred Basil): madurutalaa; this plant was grown in front of houses in the past to prevent mosquitoes entering the house. moss (n, Bot): තොගෙස්සු වල sevaala, තොගෙස්සු වල seevaala, තොගෙස්සු තොගෙවල sevela; 뷒ය තොගෙස්සු තොගෙවල i.e. green algae? හ ඇල燓; ල තොගෙස්සු තොගෙවල <1>; පස paasi, cf. ‘stone’ most (superlative degree of adj/adv): vaDaatma S215, cf. ‘more’ (comparative degree of adj/adv); ඉම itaama (syn.’extremely’, ‘ultra’), before the adjective FGdS365 best (Lit ‘most good’): vaDaatma hoňda/hoňdama tallest (Lit ‘most tall’): vaDaatma usa/usama best (Lit ‘most well’): vaDaatma hoňdin/ hoňdinma hottest (Lit ‘most hot’, adv): vaDaatma rasnen/rasnenma I want the biggest pack: maTa itaama loku pækæT eka oona. FGdS363 mostly (adv): væDipurama I mostly like to eat rice: මම වꗒ퇔රම ම뗒 බත 엊න. Coconut is mostly cultivated in our village: අතොගෙ퇊 තොගෙම වꗒ퇔රම වව엊තොගෙන තොගෙපල. NeLC14 mother (n): අමම ammaa R1, 3A16, 22B6, PLammalaa [amməlaa]; අමමꗒ ammanDi (respectful), PL ammanDilaa; අම ammi (CDS, child directed speech, also W DIAL JBD4:134); ammee.VOC; මව mava, PL mav (syn. ‘maternal’, e.g. මNJ භාෂාවල් දැනගන්ශව, මNJරට), මව퇒තොගෙය (‘parents’) ‘my mother!’ (respectful): mage maataava English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 119 mothers’ group: mau haula Mother, I’m hungry, could you please dish out some food for me? amme.VOC! maTa.DAT baDaginiyi.AM, maTa.DAT kææma tikak bedanda, puluvanda? SP2:14 mother-in-law (n): nændaa, cf ‘aunt’ DC65 motherland (n): මNJ�ම mavbima Our motherland Sri Lanka: අතොගෙ퇊 මNJ�ම සස‍ ල motorbike: moobaik Mount Lavinia (n): ලකස්සු ස්සු galkissa mountain: 엊ද kanda, PL kandu mouse (n): ය miiyaa, PL miiyo It’s very clever in catching.INF mice: තොගෙය අලල엊ඩ හ ද槊ස්සු ය. <1> mouth (n): ට kaTa, PL kaTaval R24, GEN kaTee evil tongue (lit. ‘evil mouth’): ටවහ kaTavaha Please open your mouth and put your tongue out: kaTa arinna [kaTarinnə]. diva dik karanna [divə dikkərannə] NeLC4 Please (let me) see your tongue! koo balanna diva! SG We set them to work by commanding them (colloq; Lit ‘We by force.ABL of mouth-GEN work take-IND’): api kaTee balen wæDa gannavaa. <1> The fool utters whatever comes to (his) mouth: mooDayaa kaTaTa aa mokak hari kiyanavaa. DG79 Don't rock the boat; just keep your mouth shut: ප්‍රප්‍රශන‍ ඇ뗒 තොගෙවන තොගෙ뷊වල ර엊න එප. ට වහතොගෙන ඉ엊න. <1> move (v, syn ‘proceed’, i.e. ‘go or come’, used for Buddhist monks or gods): වꗒනව vaDinavaa DC256 ‘Will you please go.IMP ahead (and we’ll walk behind you)’: oba vahanse issellaa vaDinna hondayi. Mrs. (n): mahatmiya**, misis* S553, ‘Pereeraa mahatmiya’, ‘misis Pereeraa’ -mu: hortative ending R15, DC73, i.e. 1st PLIMP FGdS125 We will (‘Let us’) talk to her now: අ퇒 ද엊 එය එ槊 ර. <1>, Let’s buy that one: eeka gammu. Let’s eat these bananas: api kamu mee keselgeDi. FGdS125 much (adv): හඟ槊 huňgak R10; නහ엊 næhæmin (DIAL 4K) ‘There is a lot of vegetables’: හඟ槊 එළවᗔ 뗒තොගෙයනව. ‘Children spend in great measure’ (DIAL 4K): දතොගෙව නහ엊 ǒයදම රනව. JBD4:154 as much as (syn. ‘as many as’, ‘as well as’, in questions and neg. sentences): vitara R26 That Province isn’t as (much) developed as the South: ee palaata dakuna vitara diyunu nææ. FGdS290 I.DAT don’t know Sinhala as well as this boy.DAT: maTa mee lamayaaTa vitara siŋhala bææ. FGdS294 I don’t like that.DAT as much as this.DAT: mama meekaTa vitara arakaTa kæmati nææ. this much: meccara K69 I don’t want this much food: maTa kææma meccara epaa. FGdS278 that much: accara (distal), occara (by you) R10, K69, eccara (anaphoric) K62 Can you drink that much? mahattayaaTa occara bonna puluvanda? FGdS278 Is/was that all? eccara-da? K62, MB3 how much (adv): තොගෙ臊චර koccara FGdS278 How much can you drink? mahattayaaTa koccara bonna puluvanda? FGdS278 ‘too much’ (idiom): <1> That child is naughty / mischievous (lit. ‘too much’): ee lamayaa …..væDiyi. That girl is… That salesman is too … English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 120 Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. (Bot., Eng. ‘Common cowitch’): ආචය පල aacaariya paala <1>, <2>, mud: මඩ maDa R19; cf. ‘cultivation’ -mulla (name, suffix): etym. ‘corner’ Mullaitivu (n): ලදව muuladuuva; district <1> and small town <2> on the north-eastern coast Munasinghe (n, surname): ණස munasiŋga Munaweera (n, surname): ණǓර munaviira mung beans (Bot., Vigna radiata, prev Phaseolus aureus, Eng. green gram):  ඇට mung æTa <1>, <2>; mumps (n, Med, Norw ‘kusma’): මලය kammulgaaya <1>, <2>, Munronia pumila (Bot, medicinal pl): � තොගෙතොගෙහඹ biŋ kohom ba <1>, <2>, <3>, murder (n, syn ‘slaughter’, homicide’, ‘killing, ‘assassination’): 엓මම* miniimæruma S554; ඝනය** ghaatanaya [ghaatǝne]; mass murder: ස්සු හ ඝනය** murder (v): maranavaa murder (related to Buddhist monks): apawat-karanavaa mushroom (n): හත hatta, PL හ뗔 hatu <1>; e.g. �ම වතොගෙඩන හ뗔 <2>, music: ස්සු 燓ය saŋgiite (Lit saŋ giitaya), cf. ‘play music’ vocal music: gaayana instrumental music: vaadana music band: වද මඩලය <1>, must (v.ph.): 뗔 yutuyi (I) must: ළ 뗔ය <1> She must have received our letter by this time tomorrow. තොගෙහට තොගෙම තොගෙවලව තොගෙවනතොගෙට එයට අතොගෙ퇊 ම ල�ල 뗒�ය 뗔ය. <1> …must… (v, syn. ‘have to’, ‘forced to’): s.DAT v.IMP tiyenavaa (indicating compulsion); s.DAT v.IMP venavaa (indicating strong compulsion) SP2:81; cf. ‘have to’ I have to go: maTa yanna tiyenavaa I was supposed to be (should have been) in Colombo yesterday: maTa iiye kolam ba inDa tiyunaa. Mother is not well, because of that I must go to her house: ammaaTa saniipa nææ, ee nisaa maTa eyaage gedara yanna venavaa They must have lied: ඒ අය තොගෙබ කNJව තොගෙව엊න(ම) ඕන. <1> mustard (n, Bot Brassica juncea): අබ aba; mustard seed: අබ ඇතොගෙ鷊; wild mustard: වල අබ; foreign mustard: රට අබ <1> mutton (n): එᗔ මස්සු elu mas -muvaa (suffix): ව ‘made from’ DC85 wood: දව dæva; wooden: dævamuvaa DC85 silver: 뷓 ridii; made from silver: ridiimuvaa DC85 my (pron): මතොගෙග mage R3 ‘I pay!’ (Lit ‘It’s my turn’): මතොගෙග වරය! CS Myristica dactyloides (Bot., sub-canopy TRF tree): malaboda <1>, <2>, <3>, ‘mækaral’: a type of vegetable, a long green bean ‘mællum’ [mælluŋ]: තොගෙළ මලම a dish made with shredded green leaves (e.g. තොගෙ鷔තොගෙල goTukola, 뗔엊 kathurumurunga <1>, 槔නව엊න mukunuvænna <2>) and grated coconut ; dry curry made of minced leaves or fruit mixed with coconut kernel C504, JBD4:113 return to index English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 121 N න න න න 엒 엓 න න න න තොගෙන තොගෙ엊 බන තොගෙන තොගෙන තොගෙන තොගෙන තොගෙ엊 බන තොගෙන තොගෙන තොගෙන na nā næ næ ni nī nu nū nṛ nṝ ne nē nai no nō nau

ණ ණ ණ ණ ණ 귓 귔 ණ ණ ණ තොගෙණ තොගෙ බණ තොගෙණ තොගෙණ තොගෙණ ණ ණ ණ ණ 귓 귔 ණ ණ තොගෙණ තොගෙබණ තොගෙණ තොගෙණ තොගෙණ ṇa ṇā ṇæ ṇæ ṇi ṇī ṇu ṇū ṇṛ ṇṝ ṇe ṇē ṇai ṇo ṇō ṇau

ඳ ඳ ඳ ඳ 췒 췓 췔 ඳ ඳ ඳ තොගෙඳ තොගෙඳ බඳ තොගෙඳ තොගෙඳ තොගෙඳ බඳ ňḍa ňḍā ňḍæ ňḍæ ňḍi ňḍī ňḍu ňḍū ňḍṛ ňḍṝ ňḍe ňḍē ňḍai ňḍo ňḍō ňḍau

ඤ ඤ ඤ ඤ ඤ ඤ ඤ ඤ ඤ ඤ තොගෙඤ තොගෙඤ බඤ තොගෙඤ තොගෙඤ තොගෙඤ ඤ ඤ ඤ ඤ ඤ තොගෙඤ තොගෙඤ බඤ තොගෙඤ තොගෙඤ තොගෙඤ ña ñā ñæ ñæ ñi ñī ñu ñū ñṛ ñṝ ñe ñē ñai ño ñō ñau

-na-: -න- [-nə-] suffix for the present tense, e.g. bala-na-vaa DC66 nail (n): 엒යතොගෙපත niyapotta, PL niyapotu nail (syn ‘screw’): ænee R22, PL æna naked (adj): 엒වත, e.g. picture of naked: 엒වත 퇒엊뗖ර ‘nāma’: in Buddhist psychology it is used as a collective name to refer to the psychological and mental aspects of the human beings name (n): නම nama R4C, R14A13, PL nam name (vt): නම රනව nam karanavaa R14 naming (n): නම �ම nam tæbiima (i.e. tiyanavaa.GER) nam / naŋ conditional transformation (grammar): if; cf. ‘if’ Nanayakara (n, surname): narcotics (n, colloq slang): 槔ꗔ kuDu (syn. ‘heroin) <1>; cf. narrow (adj): ප鷔 paTu nasty (adj), cf. ‘cruel’ nation (n, syn. ‘people’, ‘race’, ‘community’): ජනව janataava; ජ뗒ය jaatiya, jaati, GEN jaatiye national (adj): ජ뗒 jaatika nationalize (v): aanDuvaTa gannavaa R26 national anthem (n): ශශ‍ ල ම (Lit ‘Mother Sri Lanka’) <1> national park (n): ජ뗒 වතොගෙනදදනය‍ jaatika vanoodyaanaya, e.g. යල ජ뗒 වතොගෙනදදනය‍ <1>, <2>, national question (n): ජ뗒 ප්‍රප්‍රශනය‍ jaatika prasnaya natural (adj): ස්සු වභාෂාවල් දැනගන්ǒ svaabhaavika nature (n): ස්සු වභාෂාවල් දැනගන්වධමය svabhaavadharmaya Everybody must protect nature: හම තොගෙතොගෙන槊ම ස්සු වභාෂාවල් දැනගන්වධමය ආර槊ෂ ළ 뗔ය. <1> naughty (adj): දඟ daňga, දඟය daňgayi (syn. mischievous) English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 122 Our younger sister is very naughty, running all the time: eyaa harima daňgayi, hæma velaava duvanavaa. MAsD4-18 Navaratne (n, surname): නවරතන navaratna [navǝratnǝ] -navæ (can replace -yæ to give a sense of confirmation): He doesn't know Tamil, does he: eyaa demala dannavaayæ? He knows Tamil (for sure), right! eyaa demala dannavaa navæ. K221 -nDa (infinitive termination = imperative termination): -엊ඩ R6; some speakers of Sinhala have an alternate form of the infinitive with –nDa, rather than –nna, common in the Colombo area. FGdS2:71 Wash both (your) hands before (you have your) meals: kææmaTa issaravelaa at deka soodanDa. SP2:37 ‘ne’: ‘you know’ R28 near (prep., postposition) ක鷊鷔 kiTTu(va), cf. ‘neigbourhood’; ළඟ laňga, laňgaTa.DAT, laňgin.ABL; ව gaava* R22 I have money (Lit ‘Money is near me’): maŋ laňga salli tiyenavaa. DC120; maa laňga… JWG2:60 Is.NPT.EMP your office close to the church? Oyaalaagee ofis eka tiyenne palliyaTa kiTTuvada? NeLC15 ‘The bus stop is near’: බස්සු නව뗔ම ළඟ 뗒තොගෙය엊තොගෙන. NeLC10 There is a dog near the man: minihaa laňga ballek innavaa. The man goes near (to) the dog: minihaa ballaa laňgaTa yanavaa. The man goes past the dog: minihaa ballaa laňgin yanavaa. DG78 near by: ම mææta R28; අහල ahala [ahalə] SP1:14; ළඟ, ලඟ laňga (postposition, syn ‘on’) in the vicinity: අහල පහල ahala pahala, cf. ‘neighbours’ near the house: තොගෙග ළඟ / තොගෙග ව gee laňga/gee gaava S555; near the tree: හ ළඟ G10 I spent my first day at a hotel that was.PT-REL close by: mee laňga tibuna hooTale eka mage mula davasa gaTTakeruvaa. <1> necessary (adj, syn ‘needed’): අවශශ‍ avashya [avashiə] I need it: maTa eeka avashyayi.AM [avashai]. It is something necessary: eeka avashya deyak. S202 We need food to live: අපට 觓වත තොගෙව엊න ම අවශශය‍ . <1> (is) necessary: oonæ R1, R6, R18A25, R20 neck (n): තොගෙබලල bella, PL beli necklace (n): මතොගෙල maalee R31 neddle: iňdikaTTa R31 need, needed (v, syn. ‘want’): ඕන oonææ I don’t need it: maTa kehelmalak oonææ nææ (Lit: ‘I want no banana flower’; banana flowers are absolutely worthless), cf. ‘want’ needle (n): ඉ뷒鷔ව idikaTuva, PL idikaTu Negombo: ව miigamuva <1>, <2>, neighbourhood (n, idiom): අහල පහළ ahala-pahala, Lit ‘near + down’ DC87 neighbours (n): අහල පහල අය <1>; අස්සු ලවසය, pl අස්සු ලවසතොගෙය neighbourhood (n, syn ‘environs’, ‘nearness’, ‘proximity’): ක鷊鷔ව kiTTuva, PL kiTTu in the neighbourhood: kiTTuva paata SdS neither me: මටත න CS neither…nor (conj, appearing in neg. contexts): vat Neither Gunapala nor Chitra went to the village: gunapaala vat citra vat gamaTa giyee nææ. <1> He knows neither Sinhala nor Tamil: eyaa siŋhalavat demalavat danne nææ. Nerium oleander L. (Bot., Eng. ‘Oleander’, medicinal shrub): තොගෙ엊 kaneeru <1> never (adv): වදවත න kavadaavat nææ (syn. ‘any day’); cf. ‘day’ English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 123 It's never good to give goods on credit: kavadaavat nayaTa baDu denna hoňda nææ. FGdS207 She never came here, did she? එය වදවත තොගෙමතොගෙහ ආතොගෙව නහ තොගෙ엊ද? <1> ‘never mind’: ම槊 නහ kamak næhæ [nææ], cf. ‘matter’ I just asked, never mind: ම槊 නහ, මම 엒මට ඇහතොගෙව. <1> nevertheless ():ඒ ǔනට ee unaaTa, ee vunaaTa Nevertheless, that’s a very tedious job, isn’t it: ee unaaTa eeka maha karadara væDee, nææ? FGdS2:2 new: අᗔත alut R16, අ뗔 amutu (syn. ‘strange’) FGdS291; නව** nava something new: amutu deyak ‘new news’ (colloq): amutu toraturu ‘new life’: නව 觓වන, cf. ‘national anthem’ <1> newly: අතොගෙ엊 aluten R20 news (item) (n): ආරචය aaraŋciya, PL aaraŋci There is a news: ආරචය槊 뗒තොගෙයනව. the news being said.NPT-REL (that) Ranjit got married: ranjit bændaa kiyana aaranciya DC133 news (n, syn. ‘information’, ‘tidings’): 퇔වත puvat; තොගෙර뗔 toraturu (PL, syn. ‘info’, ‘affairs’, ‘things’), sing. තොගෙර뗔ර toratura FGdS223, <1>; 퇊රǔ뗒, 퇊රවත뗒 pravurti [prǝvurti] CS; ආරච cf. ‘is known’ What news of your area? kohomada dæn ee palaate toraturu? There is nothing new: alut toraturu mokut nææ. FGdS223 What's the news? තොගෙතොගෙහම ද තොගෙර뗔? news broadcast: 퇊රවත뗒 퇊රචරය** pravurti pracaaraya CS, I heard about it (lit ‘I got the news about that’): මට ඒ න ආරචය. K237 newspaper: පතතොගෙ pattaree, PL pattara R15, GEN pattaree 퇔වතප puvatpata CS <1>, <2>, I am reading (lit ‘looking at’) a newspaper: මම පතරය槊 බලනව K61 press conference: 퇔වතපත ස්සු 臊ච next (adj): ඊළඟ iilaňga R22d, miilaňga R22; ලබන labana When does the next bus go? ඊලඟ බස්සු එ 槓යට ද? <1> next (adv): ඊළඟට iilaňgaTa, miilaňgaTa S556 ‘next door’ (n, Lit ‘next house’): අලල퇔 තොගෙදර allapu gedara NeLC (allapu.PP-REL of allanavaa?) Fruit is.NPT.EMP in the adjoining.PP-REL shop: palaturu tiyenne allapu kaDee. FGdS27 nib: talee R30 night (n):  rææ R14A24, PL rææ / rææval; at night (adv): rææ S486, rææTa K335 good night! සභාෂාවල් දැනගන්රතය槊**! subha raatriyak! nihilism (Bud.): uccedavaada Nilwala Ganga: 엒ලවල ඟ nilvalaa gaňga (Lit ‘the river of blue clouds’, Matara district) <1>, <2>, nine: නවය navaya, නමය namaya R9 at nine o’clock: nameeTa nineteen: දහනවය dahanamaya R18 ninety:අනව anuuva R20 ninety-: anuu … ninth (ordinal number): නවව엒, නවම Nirvana (Bud.): 엒වණ**, 엒වනය** nibbana*; 엒වන JBD4:67 The mother attains Nirvana (lit ‘sees Nirvana’): අමම 엒ව엊 දකනව. JBD4:67 nisaa / hindaa transformation (grammar): v.NPT.VADJ/PT.VADJ/PP.VADJ + nisaa/hindaa, cf. ‘because’ -nna: infinitive termination R6, R14, R29A19 -nnam [-nnaŋ]: -엊නම future termination R14; refers to an event in the future, is used only with a first person sg or PL English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 124 I will go/I am going: mama yannam. S148 We will do that: api eeka karannam. S148 We will write that letter. අ퇒 ඒ ම ය엊නම. <1> We’ll come at five (if that’s all right for you): api pahaTa ennaŋ. FGdS166 -nne: incomplete ending R4 no: න* nææ; තොගෙනතොගෙNJ** nevee (at the end of sentence) <1>, තොගෙනතොගෙNJ novee <1>; cf. ‘unlike’ ‘no?’ (emphatic particle, syn. ‘isn’t it so?’, ‘don’t you?’): තොගෙ엊ද? needa? no-: not R5b, R10d, R15, R20, R23, R26ab, R27a, R29a not to go: noyanavaa; didn’t go: nogiyaa; without going: nogihin*; do(es) not go: noyannee; did not go: nogiyee; if x did not go: nogiyot; even if x did not go: nogiyat; when x did not go: nogiyaama; not going: noyana; that x did not go: nogiya; do not go! noyanna; non-goer: noyannaa S148 Children who don’t go to school, won’t study: iskoolee noyana lamayi igena ganne nææ [igenə gannææ] S149 I think he'd rather not go there. මම හ엊තොගෙන එය එතොගෙහ තොගෙනය ඉ엊න වꗒය ම뗒ය. <1> nobody (pron): ǔත න kavurut nææ Today there is nobody in the class.LOC: අද ප뗒තොගෙය ǔත න. <1> noise (n): ස්සු 뷊තොගෙද saddee CS (syn. ‘sound’), R21, ස්සු 뷊දය saddaya S499 make noise (vt): NPT-IND ස්සු 뷊ද රනව sadda karanavaa R28B29, PT s. kalaa, PP s. karalaa, IMP s. karanna non-fact: nætta R25A2 non-governmental organization (n): රජජ‍ තොගෙනවන ස්සු ǒධනය <1>, <2>, ‘nonsense!’ (slang, colloq): oyaaTa pissu da? (Lit ‘Are you crazy?’); අꗒතොගෙඩ aDikooDa (DIAL 4K, JBD4:150) Stop this nonsense and do some work! අꗒතොගෙඩ නවතල වඩ槊 රප. JBD4:150 no-one (pron, appearing in neg. contexts): kavuru vat [kauru vat] No-one went to the village: kauru vat gamaTa giyee nææ. <1>; Did anyone come today? අද ǔවත ආවද? No-one came today: ǔවත අද ආතොගෙව න. K238 north: උ뗔ර utura R15; in the North.LOC: උ뗔තොගෙ from north and from south: උ뗔තොගෙරනය ද槔තොගෙණනය / උ뗔නය ද槔තොගෙණනය North Central Province (n): උ뗔 මද පළ, prev. රජ රට, or වNJ බ췒 ර觊තොගෙජ (lit ‘the Kingdom of the Tanks) JBD4:144 <1>, Northern Province: utura palaata North Western Province (n): වයඹ පල <1>, <2>, also හත තොගෙරතොගෙළ hat kooralee Norway (n): තොගෙනතොගෙNJ noorvee <1>, <2>, Norwegian (adj): තොගෙනතොගෙNJ රටට අය뗒 noorvee raTaTa ayiti (belonging to the Norwegian country) nose: නස්සු ය naasaya, PL naas; නහය nahaya, PL naas no-soul, non-self (Bud.): anattaa not: no- R5 is not, no! (neutral negator): නහ næhæ, න nææ R2 is not (focus negator): තොගෙනතොගෙමය nemeyi*, nevi, තොගෙනතොගෙවය neveyi, noveyi R8, තොගෙනතොගෙNJ novee** <1> Isn’t she a teacher? eyaa guruvarayek nevei da? She is not a teacher: eyaa guruvarayek neveyi. DC134 It is not Gune who went to Colombo: kolam ba giyee gunee neveyi. <1> I am certainly not the one who goes to that village: mama noveyi ee gamaTa yanne. It was not to the village that Gunapala went: gunapaala giyee gamaTa noveyi. It is not the case that Gunapala went to the village: gunapaala gamaTa giyaa noveyi. <1> is it not so? needa R30A3 I don’t go.NEG.NPT-IND to the well: mama lindaTa yanne nææ English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 125 not only…but…: adding ‘vitarak nevi’ to the first and -t/-ut to the second item in question Don't just get vegetables, but fruit, too: eloolu vitarak nevi, palaturut ganna. Not only concrete, but steel becomes necessary, doesn't it? konkriiT vitarak nevi, yakaDat ona karanavaa, needa? FGdS2:26 note (n): තොගෙළය kolaya (syn ‘leaf’, ‘sheet’, ‘blade’) fifty.GEN (rupee) notes: පනතොගෙහ තොගෙළ; a hundred.GEN (rupee) note: ීතොගෙය තොගෙළය槊; the thousand.GEN (rupee) note: දතොගෙහ තොගෙළය JBD4:112 notebook (n): ස්සු හම තොගෙප sataham pota CS notice (n): ද엊Ǔම dænviima Didn’t (you) see the notice? dække nædda dænviima? FGdS372 noun (n): නමය naamaya, PL නම naama nourish (v): NPT-IND 觓වත රනව jiivat karanavaa, PT j. kalaa, PP j. karalaa, IMP j. karanna; cf. ‘live’ Your love nourishes me: ඔයතොගෙ ආදතොගෙ මව 觓වත රනව <1>, novel (n, i.e. ‘book’): නවව navakataava, navakataa pota Don’t you have any good novels? ohee laňga hoňda navakataa pot nædda? FGdS119 November (n): තොගෙනවමබ මස්සුය novæmbara R22 now: ද엊 dæn R1, R6B16 just now: mee dæn R3A6 for now, now already: dænaTa(ma) R2, R3 -nTa: -엊ට infinitive termination R6, imperative verb suffix (Ka DIAL JBD4:139) Tell the truth: ඇත කය엊ට! Look over there: අර බල엊ට! Drink (a) tea: තොගෙත එ槊 තොගෙබ엊ට! (Ka DIAL JBD4:139) number (n): ණන ganana, PL ganaŋ; අ aŋka; ඉල槊ම ilakkama MAs320; තොගෙනමමර FSI2:167 Number 23, Temple Road, Nugegoda: aŋka visituna, pansala paara, nugeegoDa NeLC8 (You) can go to Fort Railway Station by bus no 134: තොගෙ鷔තොගෙNJ ඉස්සු තොගෙටස්සු මට තොගෙනමමර එසය 뗒ස්සු හතොගෙ බස්සු එතොගෙ엊 ය엊න 퇔ᗔව. FSI2:169 nun (Budd.): භ槊ඛ귓 bhikkuni MM27; තොගෙමතොගෙහණ mehena JBD4:106; nutmeg (Bot. Myristica fragrans, Norw. muskat): ස්සු 뷒槊 saadikkaa <1> <2> nurse (n, syn. ‘lady’s maid’, ‘ayah’): ආය aayaa R18noteA4, MB (aayaa lamayaaTa ændevvaa: the nurse got the child dressed) nurse (n): නස්සු තොගෙනන nərs noonaa Nymphaea L. (n, Bot.): N. nouchali Burm. f.: manel ; N. pubescens Willd. (syn ‘Nymphaea lotus’ or ‘water lily’): Et-olu , ඕ oolu Nypa fruticans L. (Bot., only palm species in mangroves, Eng. Water coconut): gin pol return to index

O ඔ ඕ o ō English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 126 ‘o-series’ (spacial deixis grammar): used to refer to 1) sth that is directly related to the hearer (hearer’s domain) 2) sth at middle-distance and 3) sth of vague reference <1>, cf. ‘that’, ‘there’ 1) A: What is this? meeka mokak da? B: That is a banana: ooka kehel geDiyak. 2) A passenger asks a taxi driver to stop the taxi; Stop.IMP there! otana navattanna! 3) A: Where is my father? taattaa ko? B: He may be somewhere: ohee æti. So play the music in the way.DAT you.PL are doing: dæn ehenaŋ oya vidihaTa oya gollo oya giitaya vaadanayaa karanna. obedient (adj): kiikaru R17; yaTat, yaTahat S483 Obeyesekere (n, surname): ඔතොගෙ�තොගෙස්සු ර obeeseekara, e.g. ණනථ ඔතොගෙ�තොගෙස්සු ර <1>, <2>, object (n., syn. thing): බꗔව baDuva R13, PL baDu objective (n) main objective (n): පරමය*, පරමථය** paramaarthya observance (n, Budd. rite): චත්‍රත්‍රය‍ caaritraya observe (rules) (vt): NPT-IND රකනව rakinavaa (syn. ‘guard’, ‘protect’, ‘preserve’, ‘watch’, ‘hatch’) PT rækkaa, PP rækalaa, IMP rakinna S280, obtain (vt, VOL, syn. ‘receive’): NPT-IND ලබනව labanavaa R13, R20A1, PT læbuvaa, PP labalaa, IMP labanna NPT-REL labana, GER læbiima S277, NEG තොගෙනල� (‘without receiving’) <1> obtain (vi, INV, s.DAT, syn. ‘get’): NPT-IND ලතොගෙබනව læbenavaa, PT læbunaa, PP læbilaa, IMP læbenna! S286, I got a gift: maTa tææggak læbunaa The children.DAT received a gift: lamayiTa / lamayi atiŋ tææggi læbunaa occasion (n): viTa R27e; වව vataava (syn ‘time’) occationally (adv), iňdalaa hiTalaa, cf. ‘once in a while’ occupation (n, syn. ‘profession’): වත뗒ය vurttiya ocean (n): ස්සු රය saagaraya Arctic Ocean: උතර ස්සු රය Ochlandra stridula (Bot., Graminea, small sp of bamboo or bamboo cane): baTa, baTalii Ocimum album L. (Bot.): ᇓ엊 ම뷔ල hiin madurutalaa <1>, Ocimum basilicum (Linn) (Bot., Eng. ‘mint’): සවඳ ල suvaňda talaa <1>, <2>, Ocimum gratissimum (Linn) (Bot., Eng. ‘Lemon basil’): ඔල otala <1>, Ocimum sanctum (Bot., syn. ‘mosquito-repelling plant’): ම뷔ල madurutalaa <1>, <2>, o’clock: expressed by putting the numeral referring to time in the dative at one o’clock: ekaTa The time now is 8 a.m.: dæn veelaava peravaru aTayi.AM.** The time now is 5 p.m.: dæn veelaava pasvaru pahayi.AM.** 02.10: dekayi dahayayi* 03.15: tunayi kaalayi 05.30: pahayi tihayi / paha maarayi 06.40: hayayi hatalihayi / hataTa vissayi 07.30: hatayi tihayi / hatahamaarayi The six o’clock train reaches.NPT.EMP Kandy at eight-thirty: hayee koocciya nuvaraTa yanne aTa hamaaraTa. FGdS182 October: oktoombara R22 of course ( ): නම naŋ; අ엒වතොගෙය엊ම animaaryenma (syn. ‘compulsory’, ‘inevitable’, ‘necessary’) Other days, of course, (you) can find a car there: ehee venadaa nam kaar ekak soyaa ganna tiyenavaa. FGdS257 offer (v, tr): 퇔දනව pudanavaa DC161, puja karanavaa DC:202 (He) doesn’t offer flowers: mal puuja karanne nææ be offered (v, intr): pidenavaa DC161 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 127 ‘offering’ (n, syn. ‘mass’): 퇖ජව puujaava, PL 퇖ජ; 퇔ද-퇖ජ puda-puujaa, cognate words of new + old meaning DC87 office: 엊තොගෙව kantooruva R12, PL kantooru (orig. Dutch ‘kantoor’); ඔ퇓සය opiisiya (orig. Eng.) officer (n): 엒ලධය, 엒ලදය niladhaariyaa, a executive officer: ǒධය 엒ළධතොගෙය槊 often (adv): 엒ර nitara(ma) R16, nitara nitara FGdS2:80, තොගෙබතොගෙහ 뷔රට bohoma duraTa CS ‘oh’: හ* ‘haa’, ආ aa; ආ තොගෙතොගෙහමද aa! kohomada? oil: තොගෙල tel R25 oil cake: ǔම kævuma, PL kævum, mung kævum; a type of sweet made with rice flour and honey and a little mung flour, and fried in coconut oil; the kavum are diamond-shaped. <1>, <2>, Yesterday mother made oil cake: iiye ammaa kævum hæduvaa. <1> Their new CD is selling/going (lit ‘being sold’) like hot cakes. ඒ තොගෙලල엊තොගෙ අᗔතCD එ උ귔 ǔම වතොගෙග ǒකතොගෙණනව. <1> It is at new year time that eye-fly cakes are found (DIAL 4K; i.e. oil cake hung in the kitchen to attract eye-flies): අǔ뷔 තොගෙලතොගෙටය තොගෙ췔 ǔ. JBD4:150 oil lamp (n): පහන pahana, PL pahan <1>, clay lamp/pot: ම鷒 පහන mæTi pahana (symbolizes Sinhaleseness) <1>, <2>; copper lamp: lighting the coconut oil lamp: තොගෙපලතොගෙල පහන පත뗔 රනව ‘the lamp rite’: pahana tabiima caaritraya <1> oil palm (n, Bot): පම තොගෙල paam tel <1>, ‘okay’ (colloq, syn ‘yes’, ‘okey’): haa, haaŋ <1> Is this okay? තොගෙම හද meeka hari-da? ස뷔සද sudusu-da? That should be OK. ඒ හ ය엊න / ලතොගෙප엊න ඕන. <1>; That can’t be OK: ඒ හ ය엊න / ලතොගෙප엊න බහ. <1> okra (n), cf. ‘lady’s fingers’ O/L (n): ස්සු ම엊ය තොගෙපළ saamaanya pela <1>, cf. ‘A/L’ ‘ola’ leaves (from Talipot tree): ලප? <1>, <2> old (of age), cf. ‘age’ This house is a hundred years old: mee geeTa avuruddu siiyayi. This house is (already) about a hundred years old: mee geeTa dæn avuruddu siiyak vitara venavaa. FGdS2:27 I have a three-year-old daughter: මට අǔ뷔 뗔න 뷔ව槊 ඉ엊නව. <1> old (adj., not new): පරණ parana R16 How old is it? ඒ තොගෙ臊චර පරන ද? CS How old are you? ඔයතොගෙ වයස්සු 槓යද? oyaaTa/oyaage vayasa kiiyada? I.DAT am 22 years (old): maTa avuruddu visi dekayi. FSI2:120 old (adj., of people): නක naaki R16 (coll., is not polite!); වයස්සු vayasaka a tall old man: usa vayasaka minihek <1> old man (n, M): මහලල mahallaa (syn ‘geriatric’, ‘graybeard’); old women (n, F): මහලල mæhælla K2:25 oldest, (adj, syn ‘earliest’, ‘original’, ‘primal’): ආ뷒ම aadima GK16 on (prep): uDa; ලඟ laňga (postposition, syn ‘near’) once (num. adj): eka særayak S174 once a week.DAT: සමතොගෙනට ස්සු රය槊 CS once in a while (adv): iňdalaa hiTalaa; syn ‘long time ago’: We go to see a film once in a while: api iňdalaa hiTalaa citrapaTiyak balanDa yanavaa. SP2:86 Oncosperma fasciculatum (Bot., Palmea, TRF tree sp.): kaTukitul English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 128 one, one person (pron, animate, informal): එ eka R2, 3A9; ekaa (masculine) R7A6; ekii (feminine) DC63; එතොගෙ槊ekek (indef.) DC62; GEN එතොගෙ槊 ekee The tall one came: usa ekaa / ekii aavaa a one-rupee.GEN stamp: 퇒යල එතොගෙ槊 뷊දරය槊 one-: ek- R11 the one that… (n): එ eka The one that Ranjit bought was expensive: ර엊角ත ත එ ණ. I am reading the one that Ranjit gave me: මම ර엊角ත 뷔엊න එ කයවනව. DC63 onion (n): (ර뗔) න luunu R20; big onion: තොගෙල槔 ළ귔 only (adv / conj): ǒර槊* vitarak, ǒරය vitarayi R26; පමණ槊** pamanak S207 not only that: ඒ ǒර槊 තොගෙනතොගෙම ee vitarak nemeyi K233, MAs321 friends only: යᗔම ǒරය Only (my) daughter is going.NPT.EMP to school: iskoole yanne duva vitarayi.AM. FGdS68 There are.NPT.EMP only three children in the school: iskoole inne lamayi tun denayi. FGdS75 I have only two apples: මට 뗒තොගෙය엊තොගෙන ඇපල තොගෙꗒ තොගෙද槊 පමනය.** CS open (vt, VOL.): NPT-IND අනව arinavaa R12, PT æriyaa (note -yaa!) or æriaa, PP æralaa, IMP arinna! S282, PRES.CON araa araa innavaa (is opening) SP1:111, ඇර퇒 (i.e. ‘opened unexpectedly’), තොගෙනඇර (without opening); vivurta, I open the door: mama dora arinavaa open a shop for the first time (v, syn. ‘put in’, ‘collect’): ද엊නව daagannavaa R23B24 Very recently he opened another shop in Gampaha: එය තොගෙම ළඟ뷒 මපහ ව තොගෙඩය槊 ඇය K120 ‘The shop is not open yet’ (colloq): තොගෙ ඇරල නහ kaDee æralaa næhæ. <1> get open, be opened (vi, passive, INV.): NPT-IND ඇතොගෙරනව ærenavaa, PT ærunaa, PP ærilaa, IMP ærenna! S286, GER æriima While Nimal was going home (after) school (lit ‘having been opened’), a bull chased him: nimal iskoole ærilaa gedara yana koTa, harakek passeŋ elavalaa. <1> ‘opening the shop’ (colloq, carries a sacred meaning): තොගෙ ඇම kaDee æriima <1> opinion (n): මය mataya, PL mata (syn ‘idea’, ‘judgement’, ‘point of view’, ‘position’); අදහස්සු adahasa, PL adahas public opinion: මහජන මය Your opinion is largely true: ඔයතොගෙ අදහස්සු හඟ槊 뷔රට හ. MAs264 opium: apin opportunistic (adj): අවස්සු ථව뷒 avasthaavaadi opposite (adv): ඉස්සු ස්සු රහ issaraha, cf. ‘in front of’ The bank is opposite the school: බ槔ව 뗒තොගෙය엊තොගෙන ඉස්සු තොගෙතොගෙල ඉස්සු ස්සු රහ. NeLC15 or (conj): ekko; hari (appearing in affirmative contexts) R9, cf. ‘neither…nor’, තොගෙහ** hoo Gunapala or Chitra went to the village: gunapaala hari citra hari gamaTa giyaa. G. or C. went to the village: gunapaala-da citra-da gamaTa giyaa. Was it G. or C. who went to the village? gunapaala-da citra-da gamaTa giyee? <1> a day or two ahead of time: දවස්සු 槊 හ තොගෙද槊 හ ල뗒ය <1> English is taught in grade three – or earlier**: 뗔තොගෙ엊 ප엊뗒තොගෙ뷓 - තොගෙහ ඊට 엊 - ඉග්‍රීග්‍රීස‍ උ엊වනව. orange (n): තොගෙදඩම doDam orange color (adj/n) ඹ� පට orchard (n): පල뗔 වත palaturu vatta order: 퇒ᗒතොගෙවළ pilivela R29 ordinals: -තොගෙව엒 -veni; cf. ‘first’, ‘second’, etc. English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 129 ordinary (adj): ස්සු ම엊ය saamaanya, cf. ‘O/L’ organisation (n): ස්සු ǒධනය saŋvidhaanaya organisation chart (n): ස්සු ǒධන ස්සු ටහන organize (v): NPT-IND ස්සු ǒධන රනව saŋvidhaana karanavaa organizer: saŋvidhaayakaya origin (n): ල mula (syn ‘source’, ‘root’, ‘beginning’) the origin of the problem.DAT: prasneTa mula DC130 orphan (n): අනත දව anat daruvaa, අනථ දව anaatha daruvaa -ot (grammar), conditional , also called ‘future conditional form’ other: anik, anit R28, තොගෙවන vena K24, R28, venin R28g Give another one: venin ekak denna S496 others ():අ엒槊 anik More than all the others: අ엒槊 ඔ槊තොගෙටම වඩ. <1> our: ape R3 to us : apeŋ R10?????? from us: apen R10 out (adv of place): eliyaTa irrupt: එᗒයට එනව MAD outside (postposition, n.INST): 퇒ට piTa R29 His house is outside (of) the town: එයතොගෙ තොගෙග 뗒තොගෙය엊තොගෙන ටǔතොගෙම 퇒ට. K241 ‘the outside’ (n): 퇒ට පත piTapætta R29, K241 ‘outer path’ (n): over (prep, postposition): උඩ uDa, uDaTa.DAT, උꗒ엊 uDin.ABL indicates movement; cf. ‘above’ The dog sleeps on the chair: ballaa puTuva uDa nindaa gannavaa. DG77 The dog jumps on to the chair: ballaa puTuva uDaTa paninavaa. DG78 The dog jumps over the ball: ballaa boole uDin paninavaa. DC120 owl (n): බණ bakamuunaa (also moody person who does not smile at all) owlet (n, i.e. young owl): බස්සු ස්සු bassaa, ල엊 බස්සු ස්සු muukalan bassaa (also one who responds with a grunt or "HMMM" in conversations.) <1> own own (vi, ir., syn. ‘be’): siTinavaa, tibanavaa; cf. ‘belong to’ owner: ayiitikaarayaa ownership: අය뗒වසම ayitivaasikama, හම [himikamə] return to index

P ප ප ප ප 퇒 퇓 퇔 퇖 ප ප තොගෙප තොගෙ퇊 බප තොගෙප තොගෙප තොගෙප බප pa pā pæ pæ pi pī pu pū pṛ pṝ pe pē pai po pō pau

pack (vt): NPT-IND ප槊 රනව pæk karanavaa R24B6, PT p. kalaa, PP p. karalaa, IMP p. karanna paddy (n, i.e. rice when growing): තොගෙයම goyam paddy (n, i.e. seed): vii R26 PROV: Those who sow paddy will reap paddy: Ǔ ළ තොගෙතොගෙන槊 Ǔ තොගෙනයත. JBD4:243 paddy cultivation (n): Ǔ වව vii vagaava, මඩ තොගෙǒන maDa govitæna <1>, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 130 paddy field, cf. ‘rice field’; paddy fields (i.e. ‘stretch of fields’): තොගෙවල යය vel yaaya paddy varieties (n, agric): bala vii: බල Ǔ (lit ‘younger paddy), can be harvested in 2 ½-3 months after sowing; varieties: දන හල, ස뷔 හටද, ස뷔 Ǔ, තොගෙහරනව, 槔, page (n): 퇒鷔ව piTuva, piTa, PL piTu R25; the pages of the book.LOC: potee piTu DC129 Pagiantha dichotoma (Bot, small TRF tree): 뷒ǒ 뷔 divi kaduru [dii kadudu] Pahiyangala (n): පහයල paahiyaŋgala <1>, pain (n): තොගෙNJදනව veedanaava (syn ‘ache’, ‘discomfort’, ‘suffering’) He was in terrible pain.INST?: එය හ鷒තොගෙය හ තොගෙNJදනතොගෙව엊. <1> pain, cause pain to (vt): NPT-IND 뷊දනව riddanavaa, PT ridduvaa, PP riddalaa, IMP riddanna, GER riddiima S353 ‘pain killer’, i.e. Tiger’s Balm (n, Norw. ‘tigerbalsam’): ස뷊ධතොගෙලපය, සඬතොගෙලප siddhaaleepa <1>, <2>, paint, ink: tiinta R31 painting, cf. ‘picture’ pair (of things): kuTTama 31, dvaya [dvəyə, Sanskrit] Palaquium petiolare (Bot.): kirihambiliya Pali (n): ප paali; the language in which the scriptures of Buddhism are written. <1>, <2>, Had you studied under that professor, you must be a good scholar in Pali and Sanskrit: ඔය ඒ මහචයවරය යටතොගෙ ඉතොගෙන ත නම, ඔය පය ස්සු ස්සු ය 퇒ᗒබඳ තොගෙහඳ උතොගෙ槊 තොගෙව엊න ඕන.** <1> palmyra palm (n, Bot. Borassus flabellifer L.): ල (ස්සු ) tal R15d, <1>, <2>, -pan: imperative ending R15 Panabokke (n, surname): පනතොගෙබ槊තොගෙ paanabokke Pancratium zeylanicum L. (Bot., medicinal): වල ළ귔 val luunu <1> Panicum miliaceum (n, Bot., ‘Common millet’, ‘Proso millet’): තොගෙමතොගෙ엊 <1>; the crop of the poorest of the poor, grown in Yala season Panicum miliare Lam (Bot., med.): ᇓ엊 තොගෙමතොගෙ엊 hiin meneeri <1> Panicum sumatrense Boer (Bot, ‘Little Millet’): Panditarane (n, surname): පꗒරතන panDitaratna pandol (n): තොගෙරණ torana <1>, pang (n, Norw ‘smerte’): දව rudaava papadam (n): පපඩම papaDam, a thin, crisp Indian flatbread <1>, <2>, papaya / papaw (n): පතොගෙපල papol, pæpol, Carica papaya (orig. Port. ‘papôula’) <1>, <2>, <3>, paper (n): ඩදසය kaDadaasiyi, PL ඩදස kaDadaasi (syn. ‘sheet’) <1>, (Port. ‘cartáz’) Paranavitane (n, surname): පරණǒන paranavitaana parcel (n): පස්සු ලය paarsalee R12, PL පස්සු ල parent (n): මNJ퇒ය maupiya MAS, PL මNJ퇒තොගෙය maupiyoo, mau + piyaa (Lit ‘mother + father’) DC87; තොගෙදමNJ 퇒ය demavpiyaa, PL තොගෙදමNJ퇒තොගෙය demavpiyoo BH6 Both parents are living: තොගෙදමNJ퇒තොගෙය ඉනනව FSI2:147 parliament: පතොගෙම엊뗔ව paarlimeentuva (orig. Eng.) parrot (n): M 燒රව giravaa, F giravi K2:25, PL giravu part (n, syn ‘aspect’, ‘element’, ‘feature’): අය aŋgaya Respect for parents.DAT is a central part of our culture.GEN. තොගෙදමNJ퇒ය엊ට  කම අතොගෙ퇊 ස්සු ස්සු 뗒තොගෙ ප්‍රප්‍රධන‍ අය槊. <1> part (n): හය hariya; cf. ‘portion’ a part of (my) life.GEN: 觓ǒතොගෙය තොගෙටස්සු 槊 jiivitaye koTasak/ 觓ǒතොගෙත තොගෙටස්සු 槊 party (n, political): ප槊ෂය** pakşaya**, ප槊තොගෙස්සු pakse*; ප鷒ය paaTiyə (orig. English, nativized) English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 131 parsley: paasli; Petroselinum crispum L. <1> partnership (n, syn. ‘companionship’, ‘share’, ‘part’, ‘connection’): හǔල havula, PL havul; cf. helahavula Paspalum scrobiculatum (n, Bot, Eng ‘millet’, ‘kodo millet’): අ amu <1>, <2>, pass away (v, syn. ‘disappear’): NPT-IND න뗒තොගෙවනව nætivenavaa, Lit ‘turn no-existing’, PT n.unaa, PP n.velaa, IMP n.venna His/her father passed away. I feel very sad for that: eyaagee taatta nætivunaa [nætiunaa]. ee gæna maTa.DAT hari dukayi.AM. S213 pass the exam (vt, ir): NPT-IND පසරනව ? paas-karanavaa R20 pass the exam (vi, ir): NPT-IND paas venavaa, vibhaagee paasvenavaa, vibhaagaya samartha venavaa S212, <ෂෂතොගෙය ඔ槊තොගෙම ǒභාෂාවල් දැනගන්තොගෙ පස්සු තොගෙවල. <1ג :All the students have passed the exam passenger (n): ම緒ය maňgiyaa [magiyaa], indef. maňgiyek passion fruit (Bot, fruit, Passiflora edulis): පෂ엊 ප鷊 pæşan pruT; වලතොගෙදඩම vældoDam <1>, <2>, passport (n): පස්සු තොගෙප鷊 එ paaspooT eka CS past, in the past (adv), cf. ‘before’ past tense ending: -aa R3 path (n, syn. ‘trail’, ‘foot path’): අꗒපර aDipaara <1>, cf ‘road’ patient (n, syn. ‘sick man’): තොගෙලඩ leDaa R22 the patient whom (we) were.PT-REL going to see: balanna yanna hiTiya leDaa DC133 patience (n): ඉවසලල ivasilla, ඉවීම ivasiima; cf. ‘tolerate’ patiently (adv): ivasiimen MAs320 ‘pattu’: pattuva; sub-district, division of a ‘korale’ pavement (n): ප뷒 තොගෙNJ뷒ව (syn. ‘side walk’) Pavetta indica L. (Bot., medicinal plant): pawatta (roots used to treat the skin and musculature system) Pavonia odorata Willd (Bot., medicinal PL, ): Pushpa bebila <1>, ‘pavuu’! expression of sympathy, typical of female speakers <1> pay (n), cf. ‘salary’ pay (v, tr): NPT-IND තොගෙවනව gevanavaa, PT gevuvaa, PP gevalaa, IMP gevanda SP3:88, FGdS2:70, GER geviima Can I pay by card?  එතොගෙ තොගෙව엊න හක ද?** He paid all the money.එය ස්සු ල ඔ槊තොගෙම තොගෙNJව. CS Now children learn without paying (payment): dæn lamayi geviimak nætuva igenagannavaa / dæn lamayi gevillak nætuva igenagannavaa. DG89 payment (n): ස්සු 뗔ව gaastuva; තොගෙǒලලgevilla; තොගෙǓම geviima peace (n): ස්සු මය saamaya peacock (n): තොගෙමනර monaraa SP1:19 <1>, F තොගෙමන monari (lit ‘pea-hen’) K2:25 Peak Wilderness sanctuary (n): ශශපද‍ අඩǒය shrii paada aDaviya (lit ‘forest’), also ශපදස්සු ථනය shriipaadasthaanaya (lit ‘shriipaada-location’) peasant (n): තොගෙǒය goviyaa <1>, <2>, I’m a farmer: mama goviyek. MAs15 peel (vt): NPT-IND තොගෙප뗔 අනව potu arinavaa peel onions: න තොගෙප뗔 අනව (standard), න තොගෙහඳ රනව (Ru DIAL) JBD4:137 Peiris (n, surname): 퇓ස්සු piiris, e.g. 觓 එල 퇓ස්සු G. L. PIeiris (ණ ල槊ශම엊 퇓ස්සු ) <1>, pen: පන pææna, pææn R5 we write with the pen, in pen: api pæænen.INST liyanavaa Give me a pen too: මට පන槔ත තොගෙද엊න. CS pencil (n): ප엊ස්සු ල pænsala (orig. Eng.), pænsalee R5 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 132 Give me five pencils: මට ප엊ස්සු ල පහ槊 තොගෙද엊න. CS pension (n): ǒශ්‍රමvishraama I retired last year: mama giya avurudde vishraama gattaa. NeLC11 people (n): minissu; අය aya (‘people in general’, Colombo sociolect) K23; ඈතොගෙය ææyo (‘people’, Southern DIAL JBD4:137); ජනව (SYN ‘nation’) two people: dennaa R11 many people: huňgadenek R11 other people: anit aya some people: samahara aya ‘they’, ‘those people’: ඒ අය ee aya Lots of people in Africa are poor. අපතොගෙව.LOC තොගෙඩ槊 අය 뷔퇊පත Why do (you) teach only those? ee ayaTa vitarak ugannanne æyi? NeLC11 People’s Bank (n): mahajana bæŋkuva SP2:6 pepper: gam miris, honda miris Black pepper: Gammiris (Piper nigrum L.) per (): in a year/per year: avuruddakaTa; in a month/per month: maasayakaTa percent (n): සයයට siyayaTa ‘one hundred percent’ (colloq): ‘siyayaTa siyayak’[siiəTə siiak] <1>, perception (Bud.): saññaa Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) (Bot., medicinal herb): මද හ燔 mæda hæŋgu <1>, perhaps (adv): ස්සු මහරǒට samaharaviTa, samaharavelaavaTa R27; venna æti (syn. ‘maybe’, ‘may be so’, ‘might be’) FGdS279 Maybe Gunapala picked coconuts: gunapaala kæDuve pol venna æti. period: vara perish (v, syn. ‘die’): NPT-IND නහනව nahinavaa, PT næhunaa DC69 permission: ඉඩ iDa R6 (syn. ‘chance’, ‘room’, ‘space’) MAs320; අවස්සු රය avasaraya permit, give permission (v, syn ‘allow’, ‘consent’, ‘let’): NPT-IND ඉඩ තොගෙදනව iDa denavaa FGdS185, PT i. dunaa, PP i. diilaa, IMP i. denna If father allows, I’ll stay: taattaa iDa denavaa nam navatinnam. FGdS185 person: NOM 엒හ minihaa, ACC minihaava, INST minihaa atiŋ, DAT minihaaTa, ABL minihaageŋ, GEN minihaagee, LOC minihaa laňga, VOC minihoo, PL minissu; අය aya, 퇔뷊ලය pudgalayaa a person: kenek 2 one person: kenaa R2 persons: -denaa R11 dear person (n): සද sudaa R24A11; ‘white one’, term of affection, having no literal significance; ස뷊ද ‘suddaa’ on the other hand means ‘white (or fair) man’ / ‘Briton’; kalu suddaa, i.e. a native Sinhala person pretending to be an English speaker / truly oriental gentleman <1>; a very famous person: goDak prəsiddhə pudgələyek this person: meyaa; that person: eyaa ‘This person says one thing and that person says another’: එය එ槊 යනව; තොගෙමය එ槊 කයනව. DC236 pestle (n., also called ‘grinding pole’): තොගෙමලස්සු moolgaha (orig. Pali/Sanskrit ‘musala’); a large wooden pestle used with a vangediya (‘paddy-pounder’) for pounding rice, cleaning the husk from the rice C; cf. ‘rice’ Is this how you pound with the pestle.INST? තොගෙමලතොගෙහ엊 තොගෙමතොගෙහම තොගෙටනව ද? Yes, just like that (as you are doing): ඔNJ. ඔතොගෙහම මය. FSI3:82 petrol (n): පටල, පතොගෙටල pæTrol, pæTrool, තොගෙප鷊රල peTrəl R26 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 133 Pettah (n): 퇒ට තොගෙ鷔ව piTa koTuva (Lit ‘outer Fort’), the commercial hub of Colombo <1>, with the main railway station තොගෙ鷔ව 뷔මය ස්සු ථනය <2>, <3>, pharmacy (n, chemist): faamisiya Phaseolus lunatus Linn (Bot ‘Butterbean’, ‘Butterpea’): දර දඹල daara dam bala <1> philosophy (n): දශනවදය darşanavaadaya Phoenix zeylanica: ඉ췒 තොගෙළ iňḍi kola; leaves of wild date palm, used for mats (rushes and reeds for basket-wear) <1>, phone (n): තොගෙෆ්තො엊* foon, Telifoon eka*, තොගෙටතොගෙපනය Telipoonaya** <1>, Could I use your phone(, please)? මට ඔයතොගෙ තොගෙෆ්තො엊 එ පǒ臊ච ර엊න 퇔ව엊ද? <1> phone (vt, o.DAT): foon karanavaa, Telifoon k. photo(graph) (n): poToo eka take a photo (v): poToo ekak gannavaa K386; 퇒엊뗔ර 엊නව JBD4:114 Take a snapshot / Take a photo of me! මතොගෙග 퇒엊뗔රය槊 엊න! CS Phragmitis karka L. (Bot., water grass): thala bata Phyllanthus emblica (n, Bot, Eng ‘Indian gooseberry’, ‘amla’): තොගෙනල nelli <1>, <2>, -pi (suffix): -퇒 indicating ‘exclamatory verb mood’, cf. –cci DC75 look! balapi pull! ædapi Suddenly water snake bit the leg: 槔ල 퇒 뷒ය බය. <1> pick (vt): NPT-IND ඩනව kaDanavaa R11(A18) / K88 (syn. ‘break’, ‘pluck’), PT kæDuvaa, PP kaDalaa, IMP kaDanna, GER ඩම kæDiima S277 How do (you) pick coconuts? තොගෙපල ඩ엊තොගෙන තොගෙතොගෙහමදK88 While going home, Banda picked some coconuts: Banda gedərə yanə gaman, pol kæDuvaa picking tea (tender) leaves: තොගෙත දᗔ ඩනව tee dalu kaDanavaa How long is it before (we) can harvest the tea? dalu kaDanna koccara kal yanavaada? NeLC14 cause to pick (v): NPT-IND ඩවනව kaDavanavaa The gentleman gets the boy to pick the coconuts: mahattayaa lamayaa lavaa pol kaDavanavaa. G28 pick (vti): NPT-IND තොගෙනලනව nelanavaa, e.g. මල තොගෙනලනව pick up: ahulanavaa R27 pickle (n): අ臊ච accaaru; also used in the sense of a mess, a mixture (orig. Port. achár) picture (n): 퇒엊뗖රය pintuuraya, pintuuree R25 PL pintuuru (orig. Port. ‘pintúra’) piece: ලල kæælla R24, PL  kææli (vulgar: also referring to an ‘eye-catching girl’) ‘chopped cucumber’: pipiñña kææli ‘batteries’: බට  bæTari kææli ‘chopped wood’: dara kææli pig (n): M ඌර uuraa, F ඊ iiri (i.e. ‘sow’) K2:25, PL uuro, cf. ‘wild boar’ pilgrimage (n): ව엊දනව vandanaava <1> go on pilgrimage: vandanaave yanavaa SP1:147 Mothers, fathers and their children went on a pilgrimage to Adam’s Peak: ammalayi, taattalayi, lamayinuyi Siriipaada vandanaave giyaa SP1:147 pillar (n): 槔න kuluna (syn ‘tower’, orig Dutch ‘kolom’) pillow: තොගෙ鷊ටය [koTTe] K386 ‘pinkama’ (from ‘pin’ and ‘karma’): act of making religious offerings, distribution of charities among the priests, almsgiving to the poor, literally a meritorious act C353; act of merit RW pineapple: අ엊නස annaasi (orig. Port. ‘ananás’, Ananas comosus) <1>, <2>, <3>, pine-tree, pinus: payinas ‘pingo’: kada R13 pingo-carrier: katkaarayaa R13 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 134 pink: තොගෙරස්සු roosa paaTa (orig. Port. ‘rosa’) pipe (n): පය퇊පය payippee R25; (water pipe): ජල නළය jala nalaya <1>; (water) pipe line: නල nala <2>; බට baTa CS, The tap stopped running suddenly when (I) was bathing: naana koTa hiTi hæTiye payippee vatura nætuve giyaa. R26A34 Piper nigrum (Bot.): gammiris Pirit (Budd): 퇒ත pirit; Buddhist chanting ceremony; the collective term p. is derived from the word paritta, meaning ‘protection’. Pirit designates a set of protective chants sanctioned by the Buddha for the use of both laymen and munks. <1>, 燒හ 퇒ත gihi pirit: Buddhist chanting ceremony conducted by lay people <1>, They had a Pirith ceremony at their place last week, and there was an alms-giving afterwards: 燒ය ස්සු 뗒තොගෙය ඒ තොගෙලල엊තොගෙ තොගෙදර 퇒槊 කNJව, ඊට පස්සු තොගෙස්සු දතොගෙන槔ත 뗒�න. <1> Pistacia integerrima Steward (Bot., medicinal tree): kukulu sangu Pistia stratiotes L. (Bot., aquatic herbs): 뷒ය පරඬල diya paraňDæl <1> pit (n): වළ vaLa Dig a pit here and plant this mango seed: metana valak haaralaa me amba æTaya hiTavanna. S242 Pitabeddara (n): 퇒ටබ뷊දර PiTabæddara town between Akuressa and Morawaka; Lit ‘outside the forest, thicket, jungle’ pitcher (n, syn ‘water vessel’): ළතොගෙꗒය kalageDiya, PL kalageDi <1>, <2>, -pitiya, -pita (name, suffix): -퇒鷒ය -piTiya, -piTa; etym. ‘open place’ a pity: aparaadee R21 place (n): න tæna R4, R29, FGdS61 (SYN ‘spot’), PL tæŋ, cf. ‘Maligava’; pedeya; තොගෙපළ pola (syn ‘market place’, ‘fair’) (cf ‘-pola’) places to see: balanna tæŋ FGdS62 What are the good places to see in Sri Lanka: laŋkaave balanna hoňda tæn tiyenne monavaada? NeLC12 compound forms: two places: depala [depǝlǝ]; designed piece of land for house construction: තොගෙපළ gepala [gepǝlǝ] <1> place (vt): indanavaa R18; NPT-IND බනව tabanavaa** R15, PT tæbuvaa**, PP tabalaa**, IMP tabanna** S278; 뗒යනව tiyanavaa 15; daanavaa R20, R23, cf. ‘put’; cf. ‘keep for good’ cause to place: NPT-IND tabbavanavaa R18, PT PP IMP ; NPT-IND tibbavanavaa, PT tibbaa R5, R15, PP IMP ; plain (adj): 엒 nikaŋ FGdS336 plain (n, syn. ‘flat open place’, ‘level’): 엒ලව tænitalaava <1>, plan (v., syn. project, propose, suggest, nominate): තොගෙයජන රනව yoojanaa karanavaa plan (n., syn. project, scheme): තොගෙයජනමය yoojanaa kramayee plank (n, syn ‘board’): ලලල læælla The plank moves here.DAT and there.DAT (is not stable): ලලල එහට තොගෙමහට තොගෙවනව. DC236 plane (n): ahasyantraava I came to Sri Lanka by plane: මම ලවට ආතොගෙNJ අහස්සු ත්‍රතොගෙව엊ය엊ත්‍ර‍ . FSI2:167 plant (n, syn. ‘seedling’): පළය, පලය pælaya [pælee], PL පල pæla, e.g. තොගෙපල පල <1>, plant (vt): (1) NPT-IND පළ රනව pæla karanavaa, PT p. kalaa, PP p. karalaa, IMP p. karanna; (2) NPT-IND ඉ엊දනව indanavaa R18, PT , PP , IMP ; (3) NPT-IND හටවනව hiTavanavaa, PT hiTevvaa, PP hiTavalaa, IMP hiTavanna S322 ‘like planting sweet-potato with the mouth’, (Lit, saying / prov.): තොගෙට엊 බල හටවනව kaTen batala hiTavanavaa vagee; meaning ‘talk is cheap’. English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 135 How many tea plants can be planted in half an acre? akkara baageTa tee pæla kiiyak hiTavanna puluvanda? NeLC14 To get shade for the tea plants.DAT (you) need to plant various tree species: තොගෙත ස්සු වලට තොගෙහවන තොගෙව엊න තොගෙනතොගෙය槊 ස්සුජ뗒හටව엊නඕන. SdS89 plantation (n, syn. ‘garden’): වත vatta R24, PL vatu; e.g. ප엊ස්සු ල වත <1>, plastic (n): 퇊ලස්සු 鷒槊 plate (n): 퇒ඟන piňgaana R26, PL 퇒ඟ piňgan K386 do the washing up: 퇒ඟ තොගෙහදනව CS play: naaTya play (vi): NPT-IND තොගෙස්සු ලලම රනවsellam karanavaa R23, PT s. kalaa, PP s. karalaa, IMP s. karanna S130 I am playing chess with him tomorrow: මම තොගෙහට‍ එය එ槊 තොගෙචස්සු හනව. <1> play music (v): NPT-IND වදනය රනව vaadanaya karanavaa CS, PT v. kalaa, PP v. karalaa, IMP v. karanna, <1>, pleasant (adj): siriyaavanta, ස엊දර sundara CS, please (imperative suffix): -තොගෙ -ko, cf. ‘-ko’ please (vt): allanavaa R19, karunaa-karalaa R7; cf. ‘cheer up’; That guy.ACC isn't so easy to please: ඒ 엒හව ස්සු 뗔鷔 ර엊න එ臊චර තොගෙලස නහ. <1> pleasure, pleased (n, adv): ස්සු 엊තොගෙෂය santoosee R21, R23; ස්සු 뗔ට satuTa; vinooda, cf. ‘enjoyment’ I’m pleased.AM to hear that: eeka ahanna bohoma santoosayi. FGdS273 I’m very pleased.AM to have met.DAT you: mahattayaa hamba unaaTa bohoma santoosayi. FGdS292 ‘Have a good time!’ ‘Enjoy yourself!’ (colloq): satuTu venna. MB delight (n): වꗒ ස්සු 뗔ට væDi satuTa Plectranthus zeylanicus (Bot.): ඉතොගෙNJය iriveeriya <1>, <2>, Ploceus philippinus L. (sparrow bird, ‘Baya weaver’, S and SE Asia): Goiyan-kurullaa <1> Plumeria obtusa (L., Bot, Eng ‘Temple tree’): අරය araliya <1>, < 2> plough (vt): NPT-IND හනව haanavaa, PT hæævaa, PP haalaa, IMP haanda SP3:92 (They) plough with a tractor: TrækTar ekakin.INST haanavaa; (They) plough with a buffalo- drawn plow: miiharak bæňdapu.PP-REL nagulakin.INST haanavaa. FSI2:273 plough with plough: න燔තොගෙල엊 හනව <1> ‘first ploughing’ of the paddy season (idiom): �엊 න燔ම bin næguma; ‘second ploughing’: තොගෙදᇓය dehiiya; ‘third ploughing’: 뗔엊 ᇓය tun hiiya WIS16 plough (n): න燔ල nagula, PL nagul; න緔ල naňgula, PL naňgul <1>; plough-man: haannaa pluck: cf. ‘pick’ plumbago (syn ‘graphite’, ‘blacklead’): 엒ර엊 miniran <1>, <2>, Plumbago indica (n, Bot. ) රතතොගෙන鷔ල ratneTul <1>, plural ending: -an R11 plural (adj, gram., ‘number’): බහවචන bahuvacana; cf. ‘singular’ pod (n): රල karala, PL karal pod-like thing (n): රල karal ‘green beans’: boonci karal ‘capsules’: behet karal <1>, poem (n): වය kaavyaya poet (n): ǒය kaviyaa, PL kaviyo; ex. තොගෙළඹ ǒතොගෙය vs තොගෙ퇊රතොගෙදණ ǒතොගෙය(writing ǒ 엒ස්සු ඳස්සු i.e. ‘free verses’) JBD4:570 poetry (n): පදය padyaya; ǒ kavi English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 136 I always recite poetry (lit ‘lines’): මම 엒රම ǒ කයනව. JWG2:61 Pogostemon heyneanus L. (Bot., perennial bush, Eng. ‘Patchouli’): තොගෙලල엊 gaŋ kollan <1>, <2>, point (n): lakuna, cf. ‘mark’ poison (n): වස්සු ** vasa; වහ* vaha <1>, -pola (name, suffix): -තොගෙපළ etym. ‘place’/’site’/’fair’/’market place’ workplace: වඩතොගෙපළ [væDǝpǝlǝ GP6] police (-station, n): තොගෙපසය polisiya R29 police station (n): තොගෙපස්සු ස්සුථනය polis sthaanaya; policeman: තොගෙපස්සු රය politician (n): තොගෙ뷊ශපලනඥය deeshapaalanagñayaa [deeshəpaalənagñəya], deeshapaalanagñayo No politician is honest: තොගෙ뷊ශපලනඥතොගෙය එතොගෙ槊වත අව නහ. <1> political (adj): තොගෙ뷊ශපලන deeshapaalana FGdS375 politics (n): තොගෙ뷊ශපලනය deeshapaalanee Speaking about politics leads to hatred:තොගෙ뷊ශපලනය න කතොගෙම엊 වයරය ම뗔තොගෙවය. CS ‘polpitta’ (n, agric): තොගෙපල퇒ත (lit palm frond), i.e. wooden poles with forklike ends, erected in places of the paddy field to attract predatory birds for pest control pomegranate (n, Agric): තොගෙදᗔම delum pond, se lake poor (adj): 뷔퇊පත duppat R16; chronic poor: anta duppat Seeing the poor child’s misery, the rich man gave alms: duppat daruvage duka-dækalaa, danavat daruvaa daŋ dunnaa SP1:16 The man who does not have.NEG.VA money is poor: salli næti minihaa duppat. DG95 popcorn (n): තොගෙප pori porch (n, syn. ‘verandah’, i.e. polished concrete floor – levelled – at the house gate); manDu ge (older, traditional porch); තොගෙප臊 එ pooc eka CS, porcupine (n., Zoo. Hystrix indica, similar to hedgehog): ඉතව ittæævaa <1>, pork: uuru mas portion (n, syn ‘part’): හය hariya; ප燔ව paŋguva, PL ප燔; තොගෙටස්සු koTasa Which part of this estate must be cleared? තොගෙම වතතොගෙ තොගෙය හයද ස뷊ද ර엊න ඕන; What part of next year will he return? ලබන අǔ뷊තොගෙද තොගෙය හයද එය ආපහ එ엊තොගෙන? K239 How are we going to get the rest of it? anit hariya soyaa ganne kohomada? FGdS258 third part: 뗔තොගෙන엊 ප燔ව <1> Portuguese (n): පර燒, ප්‍ර뗒ල, 퇔뗔燓ස, ප뗔燓ස PROV: ‘like the Portuguese going to Kotte’ (idiom ‘when someone is taking an unnecessarily long route’): පර燒ය තොගෙ鷊තොගෙට 燒යවතොගෙJBD4:238 position (n, syn.’circumstances’, ‘situation’, ‘social status’): තතවය tattvaya, තවය tatvaya, i.e. term used by urban middle-class, university students and richer villagers JS172; cf. ‘pride and status’ my situation: mage tattvaya; the economic situation: aartika tattvaya I'm sorry about their situation: ඒ අයතොගෙග තතොගෙNJ න මට 뷔ය. <1> Poson (name of a month, i.e. June): තොගෙපතොගෙස්සු 엊 R22 <1>, possibility (grammar): ‘may’, ‘might’ is expressed by v-base + -vi may / might go: yaavi; may / might come: eevi; may / might eat: kaavi; may / might drink: boovi; may / might give: deevi; may / might bathe: naavi; may / might bring: geevi; may / might make: haavi; etc. Exceptions: may / might take: ganiivi; may / might know: daniivi; may / might be: indiivi (from indinavaa) possible (adj): 퇔ᗔව엊 puluvan English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 137 if possible: puluvan unot.FUT.COND (‘if the possible happens’) FGdS292 post (vti) : NPT-IND පල රනව tæpæl karanavaa R29, PT t. kalaa, PP t. karalaa, IMP t. karanna; <1>, Are you able to post this letter? ඔයට තොගෙම ම පල ර엊න 퇔ᗔව엊 ද? NeLC5 send by express post: ීගරහ පතොගෙල엊 යවනව CS postbox (n): පල තොගෙප鷊鷒ය tæpæl peTTiya <1>, postcard (n): pooskaaT-eka, PL pooskaaT, GEN pooskaaT-ekee; පල ප tæpaal pata post office (n): පල 엊තොගෙව tæpæl kantooruva R29; <1>, What are the things that are to be done.INF at the post office.ABL?තොගෙමනව ද පල 엊තොගෙතොගෙව엊 ර엊ඩ 뗒තොගෙය엊තොගෙන? <1> postman (n): පලරය; ම තොගෙබද엊න (lit. ‘letter distributor’) postpone (vt, ir): NPT-IND ලදනව kaldaanavaa, PT kaldæmmaa, PP kaldaalaa, IMP kaldaanna S131 He suggested that we postpone the project: වවප뗒ය‍ ල ද엊න එය තොගෙයජන ළ. <1> be postponed (vi, ir, passive): NPT-IND ලයනව kalyanavaa (Lit ‘take time’), PT kalgiyaa, pot (various household purposes): 鷊鷒ය muTTiya, PL muTTi, <1>, e.g. ත්‍ර 鷊鷒ය <2>, wide-mouthed pot (n, i.e. large earthen pot): තොගෙරහ koraha; narrow-mouthed pot: තොගෙළ, ළතොගෙꗒය; big pot: මꗔව, වලඳය; very big pot: හ鷊鷒ය PROV: Empty pots make all the noise (lit ‘Water in full pot.LOC does not shake’): 퇒귔 තොගෙළ 뷒ය තොගෙනස්සු තොගෙල. JBD4:243; lit ‘Water in pots that are half-full, shake’: අꗔ තොගෙළ 뷒ය ස්සු තොගෙල. JBD4:228 potter (n): 槔ඹලරය kum bal kaarayaa, 槔ඹලව k. karuvaa pottery (n): 槔ඹල ම엊ය kum bal karmaantaya <1>, potato: ala potato fried with onions and chillies: ala tel daalaa poultry farming (n): 槔槔ල පලනය kukul paalanaya <1>, pound (v, tr): NPT-IND තොගෙටනව koTanavaa R26, PT keTuvaa, PP koTalaa, IMP koTanda SP3:93 <1>, pound paddy: vii koTanavaa R26 Some people pound rice by hand, it seems: samahara aya vii atin koTanavaa-lu FSI2:264 get pounded (vi, INV, syn ‘get powdered’, ‘be attacked’): NPT-IND තොගෙතොගෙටනව keTenavaa pound (n, syn. lb.): raattala R20 pour (v, tr, syn. ‘make tea’): NPT-IND ව槊රනව vakkaranavaa R1, R5A21, PT vækkeruvaa, PP vakkaralaa, IMP vakkaranna / vakkaranDa SP3:94; cf. tee hadanavaa pour water: ව뗔ර ව槊රනව CS pour (v, passive, i.e. ‘be poured down’): NPT-IND vækkerenavaa SP3:94, PT vækkerunaa, PP vækkerilaa, IMP vækkerenna S303 poverty (n): 뷔퇊පතම duppatkama [-kəmə] DC57 power (n): බලය bala, බතොගෙල balee CS PROV: idiom: Together we stand, divided we fall (lit ‘unity is power’): ස්සු ම燒ය බලය තොගෙNJ. CS powerful (adj): බලවත balavat DC85 The pen is mightier than the sword.DAT (prov): ꗔවට වඩ පන බලවත kaDuvaTa vaDaa pææna balavat. DC9 ‘poya’: තොගෙපතොගෙහය**, තොගෙපද**, තොගෙපය* pooya, තොගෙපය ද* pooya daa; full-moon day <1>, <2>, Prabhakaran, Velupillai (n): ප්‍රප්‍රභාෂාවල්‍ දැනගන්ර엊 prabhaakaran, තොගෙNJ. 퇒රපරන vee. pirapaakarana, வேலுப்பிள்ளை பிரபாகரன்<1>,<2>,A
ﾔॾ戰ॿ
ﾬॾᤘঀ
விநாயகமூர்த்திமுரளிதரன்,<2>,B7කච්චේරිè jKilinochchi(n):쯁ꯍபாணம்)akaaa°æp
Ljewellerරත්තරන්බඩුව쿍ளைA
ﾔॾ戰ॿ
ﾬॾᤘঀ
鿨థ忨ॖ ॾﾴॾꣴଐxளிதரன்,කිලිනොච්චිkilinocci,citysituated பாணம்) <1>, <2>,akaaa°æp
Ljeweller(n):රත්තරන්බඩුවரபாணம்)<1>,වகரன <1>, <2>, practice (v), cf. ‘train’, ‘get used to’ English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 138 ය ස්සු භාෂාවල්දැනගන් elected body of local government, divisional councilדPradeshiya Sabha’: ප්රතොගෙ뷊‘ pray (vt): NPT-IND ය뷒නව yadinavaa, PT yæddaa, PP yædalaa, IMP yadinna SP3:95 prayer (n): sil preaching (n, Budd. i.e. formal p.): බණ bana preaching hall: bana saalaava precept (n, Budd.): සල sil the eight precepts (n): අටසල <1> I observe the eight precepts: mama aTa sil samaadan venavaa. ‘precisely (right)’ (colloq): hariyaTa hari pre-colonial period (n): රජ ලය raja kaalaya (lit. ‘the age of kings’) JS167 pregnant (adj): �බර [gæbbǝrǝ] (lit ‘heavy with foetus’, orig. ‘heavy’ බර); pregnancy: �බරǓම get pregnant (v, colloq. slang): baDa venavaa Premadasa, Ranasinghe (n): රණසහ තොගෙප්‍රතොගෙප්‍රමදස්සු‍ ranasiŋga preemadaasa <1>, <2>, Premna species (Bot., mangrove plants): maha midi prepare: lææsti karanavaa 14; lææsti venavaa K226 I prepare food: mama kææma lææstikaranavaa K226; mama kææma harigassanavaa? I prepare the son.ACC (like dressing him up): mama putaava lææstikaranavaa K226 I am getting ready: mama lææsti venavaa K226 Get ready to go for classes: dæn pantiyaTa yanna læhæsti venna. NeLC pre-school: තොගෙපර පස්සු ලpera paasala <1>, cf. ‘kindergarden’ pre-school group (children’s group): singiti hamuva; ‘nursery school’: monTisooriya MAs28 present (n, i.e. ‘the present tense’): වමනය vartamaanaya We should learn to live in the present.LOC: වමනතොගෙ 觓වත තොගෙව엊න අ퇒 ඉතොගෙන 엊න ඕන. <1> present (n): ග tæægga R13, PL tæægi S563 present (vt): 燒 රනව tæægi karanavaa R14A10 in the presence of: idiripiTa, idiriye, issarahapiTa R29c President: ජන쇒ප뗒 janaadhipati DC:222 <1>, vice president: උප ජන쇒ප뗒 pretend (v): තොගෙබවට ‘for lies’ She is pretending to cry (lit. ‘crying for lies’): එය තොගෙබවට අඬ엊තොගෙ엊. <1> prevent (v, tr): NPT-IND වළ槊වනව valakvanavaa [valakvənəva], PT vælækvuvaa, PP valakvalaa [valəkvəla] SP3:97 price (n, syn ‘cost’): ණන [gaana], PL ණ ganaŋ; ල mila BH8 What’s the price? න 槓යද? This is ten rupees: තොගෙම 퇒 දහයය. MAs62 What is the price of this basket.GEN? තොගෙම 槔තොගෙ ණ槓යද? K39 Lalith Mudalali gives Peter a good price: ලත දල 퇒ටට තොගෙහඳ ල槊 තොගෙදනව. BH8 Aren’t the prices high nowadays? තොගෙම දවස්සු වල ළ ණ엊 ඉහළය තොගෙ엊ද? <1> pride (n): උඩ緔ම uDaňgukama Pride goes before fall (prov): උඩ緔ම/උඩ燔ම ǒනශයට ල තොගෙNJ. <1> ‘pride and status’ (n, syn ‘prestige’, ‘justified pride’, ‘good name’, ‘fame’): නම�ව nambuva; Because of the prestige of the village and the country: gamee nambuva, raTee nambuva nisaa JS172 pride (n, i.e. excessive / unjustified p., ‘self-importance’, ‘lack of modesty’): ආඩමබරය aaDambara, antonym of ‘lajjaa’ JS173 priest (n, Christian, syn ‘father’): ප뷒 paadiri (orig Port ‘padre’) prime minister (n): අම뗒 agamæti; agamætivarayaa HAs319 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 139 Who (was) our first prime minister? kavuda ape palaveni agamæti? D C Senanayake MAsD6- 26; The prime minister doesn’t understand the problem: අම뗒ට ප්‍රප්‍රශතොගෙන‍ තොගෙතතොගෙර엊තොගෙන න. MAs86 prince (n, M): 槔මරය kumaarayaa princess (n, F): 槔මය kumaari, kumaariya K2:25 principal (n): ǒ뷔හලප뗒 viduhalpati; viduhalpatini (female p.) DC83 print: accu gahanavaa (PT. a'gæhuvaa) printing press: accu kantooruva prison (n, syn ‘jail’): සරතොගෙදර** siragedara, , e.g. වඩ සරතොගෙදර <1>; ᇓර තොගෙදර* hiira / හරතොගෙදර* hiragedara prisoner (n): සරව sirakaruvaa, IND සරතොගෙව槊 sirakaruvek private (adj): 퇔뷊 pudgalika FGdS2:73 (syn ‘personal’) Our personal feelings.GER shouldn't enter into this matter.DAT: අතොගෙ퇊 퇔뷊 හ緓ම තොගෙම රණයට එ뗔 තොගෙව엊න තොගෙහඳ නහ. <1> privately (adv): pudgalikava There are private practitioners also: pudgalikava væDa karana ayat innavaa. FGdS2:66 priviledge (n): වර퇊රස්සු දය What a priviledge I received: ඒ මට තොගෙල�臊ච වර퇊රස්සු දය槊. CS privy, cf. ‘latrine’ probably: ekat ekaTa R9A27 is probably: eeti 19 problem: ප ශනය prashnaya no problem: prashnayak næhæ ‘love problem’: ardari prashna; ‘wife problem’: pavula prashna; ‘family problem’: gedara prashna; ‘economic problem’: arthika prashna‘; physical illness: asanipaya; suffering following death of a loved one: maḷa dukkhayi.AM; ‘drunkard’: තොගෙ�බ뷊ද beebaḍdaa procession (n): තොගෙපරහර perahæra, තොගෙපරහර perahara <1>, <2>; ‘firewood-bundle perahera’: දර 鷒 තොගෙපරහර, i.e. to kindle a bonfire near the ‘bodhi’ tree to protect it from wild animals, JBD4:145 ‘water perahera’: ප තොගෙපරහර pæŋ perahera, i.e. villagers carrying earthen pots filled with water from Tissa væva to the ‘bodhi’ tree, to invoke the tree’s blessing for rain JBD4:145 to go in procession: �뷔 ම緔තොගෙල යනව budu maňgule yanavaa (DIAL Ka) produce: nipadavanavaa 11 profession (n), cf. ‘occupation’ profit (n): ලබය** laabe* There isn’t much of a profit from retail trade.ABL: sillara velaňdaamen væDi laabayak nææ. FGdS2:80 programme: væDa pilivela, væDa leebanaya; ප්‍රප්‍ර뗒පත뗒ය‍ (syn ‘policy’, ‘practice’), වඩස්සු ටහන væDasaTahana [væDǝsaTǝhanǝ] progress report (n): ප්‍ර뗒 වව pragati vaartaava progress chart: ප්‍ර뗒 ස්සු ටහනpragati saTahana prohibit (vt): NPT-IND හනම රනව tahanam karanavaa, PT t. kalaa, PP t. karalaa, IMP t. karanna, GER t. kiriima prohibited (adj): හනම tahanam smoking prohibited: dumbiima tahanam MB project (n): වප뗒ය [vyaaprutiyǝ] vyaaprutiya A lot of money is required for this project.DAT: mee vyaaprutiyaTa salli hungak avashya venavaa English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 140 project cost: වප뗒 퇒වය; p. duration : වප뗒 ලය; p. evaluation : වප뗒 ඇම; p. management : වප뗒 ළමනරණය; p. plan (lit ‘p. design’): වප뗒 ස්සු ළසම, වප뗒 ස්සු ලස්සු ම; p. report : වප뗒 වව; p. schedule: වප뗒 උපතොගෙලඛනය; p. task: වප뗒 යය; promise (n): තොගෙපතොගෙර엊뷔ව poronduva MAD promise (vti): NPT-IND තොගෙපතොගෙර엊뷔 තොගෙවනව porondu venavaa, PT p. unaa Politicians have always promised us.DAT all this: තොගෙ뷊ශපලනඥතොගෙය වදත අප ටතොගෙම ඔ槊තොගෙම තොගෙපතොගෙර엊뷔 තොගෙවනව. <1> Siri promised that he will come to our house tomorrow: තොගෙහට අතොගෙ퇊 තොගෙදරට එ엊න ස තොගෙපතොගෙර뷔 උන. JWG3:134 promote (vt): NPT-IND උස්සු ස්සු රනව usas karanavaa be promoted (v, passive): NPT-IND උස්සු ස්සු තොගෙවනව usas venavaa (syn ‘rise’, ‘advance’) promotion (n): උස්සු ස්සු Ǔම usasviima, GER of usas venavaa I was very happy about my promotion: මතොගෙ උස්සු ස්සු Ǔම න මම හ ස්සු තොගෙස්සු උන. <1> pronoun (n): ස්සු වනමය sarvanaamaya, PL sarvanaama pronunciation (n): උ臊චරණය uccaaranaya MAs14 properly (adv): hariyaTa R10, hoňdaTa R1, R13, R21B9 proposal (n): තොගෙයජනව yoojanaava (syn ‘suggestion’, ‘resolution’ ‘pros and cons’ (n, idiom): 燔ණ燔ණ gunaaguna, Lit ‘advantage + disadvantage’ or ‘merit + demerit’ prosperous: saru become prosperous: saruvenavaa protect (vt, ir): NPT-IND ආර槊ෂ රනව aarakşaa karanavaa MAs320, PT a. kalaa, PP a. karalaa, IMP a. karanna S130 protect (v, ir): NPT-IND ර槊ෂ රනව rakşaa karanavaa MAD, PT r. kalaa, PP r. karalaa, IMP r. karanna S130 protected (adj): ර槊৒ rakşita protection (n): ආර槊ෂව aarakşaava MAD proud (adj): ආඩමබර aaDambara JS263 (syn ‘swaggering’, ‘arrogant’); අහර ahaŋkaara The sister is proud.AM: න燒 ආඩබර ය. (s.NOM when proudness is a character and not only momentary emotion); Some are proud.AM: ස්සු මහ අහර ය. JBD4:69 provide (vt, syn. ‘supply’, ‘procure’, ‘find’): NPT-IND ස්සු පයනව sapayanavaa [sapəyənəva], PT sæpevvaa, PP sapayalaa, IMP sapayanda! SP3:98 sapayanna! S310 province: පළ palaata, GEN palaate, PL palaat division of a province / district: තොගෙරළය** kooralee* (syn ‘canton’, ‘county’, ‘korale’) prune (vt): NPT-IND 퇊ප뷔 රනව (syn ‘cut’, ‘castrate’, ‘clip’)

Pseudocarpa championii (Bot., TRF tree sp. >300 cm girth): gona pana Psidium guajava (n, Bot, Eng. ‘guava’): තොගෙ퇊ර peera <1>, <2>, Pterocapus marsupium Roxb. (Bot., TRF NWFP): gam maalu, gammaalu (Eng. Indian kino tree, Malabar kino tree); resin obtained from gammalu is widely used to treat diabetes. <1> -pu: past participle ending R20 public (adj): මහජන mahajana, e.g. මහජන 퇔ස්සු ලය CS in public (adv): එᗒ퇒ට (syn ‘openly’); cf ‘find out’ public service (n): ස්සු මජ වඩ samaaja væDa (syn. ‘social work’); රජජ‍ තොගෙස්සු වය rajya seevaya (syn ‘state service’) publish: prasidda karanavaa English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 141 Pujavaliya (n): 퇖ජවය puujaavaliya (i.e. account of the Sinhala-Buddhist history and identity) <1>; cf. ‘Mahavamsa’ pull (vt, syn. ‘drag’): NPT-IND අ뷒නව adinavaa R20, PT æddaa, PP ædalaa, IMP adinna S280, cf. ‘drag’ Amara pulled Lalani.ACC: අමර ලල엒ව ඇ뷊ද. be pulled (vi, syn. ‘be drawn’): NPT-IND ædenavaa DC161, PT ædunaa, PP ædilaa, IMP ædenna S286 pumpkin (n, Bot Cucurbita maxima, Norw. ‘gresskar’, syn. 'squash’,‘gourd’): ව鷊ට槊 vaTTakkaa <1>, <2>, <3>, <4>; 퇔හල puhul ‘ash pumpkin’ / ‘ash gourd’ (Benincasa cerifera, syn. Benincasa hispida, i.e. ‘winter melon’): අᗔ퇔හල alupuhul <1>, butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata): ……. <1> punctuation (n, i.e. ‘.’): ෴ called 槔ඩය <1> pundit (n), ප엊ꗒවරය cf. ‘scholar’ punish (v): NPT-IND maTTu karanavaa R14, PT m. kalaa, PP m. karalaa, IMP m. karanna! punish (v): NPT-IND දꗔවම රනව daDuvam karanavaa punishment (n): maTTuva S475; ෂව shişyaava (female); තොගෙළය goolayaa* R27ג ,(ෂය shişyayaa** (maleג :(pupil (n puppet (n, i.e. ‘string/hand puppet’): ඩය ræækaDaya, pl. ræækaDa <1> We are a kind of puppets: අ퇒 ඩ වතොගෙග ජ뗒ය槊 <1> puppet theatre (n): ඩ රය ræækaDa raŋgaya puppy (n): බ ප鷒ය CS <1>, purple: dam paaTa purpose (n): පල槊 palak no purpose: පල槊 න; It is no use telling someone: කයල පල槊 න. CS pussy: puusaa 17 put (vt, ir, carelessly, syn. ‘place’, ‘post a letter’): NPT-IND දනව daanavaa R20, R23, PT dæmmaa (දව dæævaa Ru DIAL JBD4:136), PP daalaa*/damaa**, IMP daanna, GER දම dæmiima (n, i.e. ‘placing’, ‘keeping’) S131, තොගෙනද (‘not putting’), If you don’t want it with meat, I can (put and) make it with shrimps: mas epaa nam isso daalaa hadanna puluvani. FGdS335 When you put in chillies, the food becomes tasty: ස්සු දනව නම ම රස්සු තොගෙවනව. Put it in / into the cupboard (lit ‘Keep it in the cupboard’): ඒ බ එට ද엊න. <1> put (vt, carelessly): NPT-IND දමනව damanavaa, PT dæmmaa, PP damalaa, IMP damanna S277 put (v, syn. ‘place’): NPT-IND ලනව lanavaa, PT lavvaa R18, PP , IMP having put: lavvaa R18 put near (v): NPT-IND laŋ karanavaa R22, PT l. kalaa, PP l. karalaa, IMP l. karanna! put on: daagannavaa 23 put on (clothes): NPT-IND aňdinavaa R16, PT , PP , IMP put right (vt), cf ‘correct’ put (vti, ir.): NPT-IND 뗒යනව tiyanavaa, PT tivvaa / tibbaa R5, R15, PP tiyalaa*/tiyaa**, IMP tiyanna, GER �ම tæbiima (n, i.e. putting, placing, setting) S133; NPT-IND බනව tabanavaa** naming (n): නම �ම nam tæbiima I laid the book on the table: මම තොගෙප තොගෙමතොගෙස්සු උඩ 뗒�බ. <1> put down (v): NPT-IND දමනව damanavaa R20, R23, PT , PP , IMP put in order (vt, syn ‘straighten up’, ‘tidy up’): NPT-IND අස්සු පස්සු රනව aspas karanavaa After I ate breakfast, I straightened up the house: මම උතොගෙ뷊 ම ල තොගෙග අස්සු පස්සු තොගෙව. FSI2:209 Pycnonotus melanicterus (Zool., Eng. ‘Black Capped Bulbul’): හල�ꗔව kahagalabuDuvaa <1>, Polyalthia longifolia (n, Bot, Eng ‘Indian Willow’, ‘Mast tree’): ovila <1>, <2>, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 142 return to index

Q Q-particle (i.e. ‘question-particle’): -ද -da [-də] What did Chitra buy? citraa monavaa-da gatte? / citraa monavaa hari gatte?* <1> qualification: sudusukama quantify (vt): NPT-IND ප්‍රමණ රනව pramaana karanavaa It cannot be quantified: pramaana karanna bæhæ. quarrel (n): ලතොගෙලහල kalakoolaahala SdS1 If a quarrel happens in our village, the village headman somehow consoles it: gamee kalakoolaahalayak vunot.FUT.COND graama seevakayaa eeka kohoma hari sanasanavaa. SdS1 quarter (n., fraction): ල kaala R8, LP; ¼ hataran eka [hatərən ekə]; ¾ hataran tuna / tunkaala S174 Is it far? Not much, it’s about 250 m: tava huňgak durada? eccara dura nææ. kiloomiiTər kaalak vitara æti. NeLC6 It’s quarter past ten (time 10:15): තොගෙවලව දහයය ලය. Come before quater to eight in the morning: උතොගෙ뷊 අටට ල槊 ǒර 뗒ය එ엊ඩ. <1> question (n): ප්‍රශනයprasnaya, PL prasna (syn. ‘problem’) question paper: prasna pattaree K233, Please ask a question: ප්‍රශනය槊 අහ엊න; Please give the answer: උතරය තොගෙද엊න. FSI2:24 question marker: -ද, -da [-də]; -yæ -yæ can replace the question maker -da, to yield a negative-question, e.g. 'x didn't do it, did he?' He doesn't know Tamil, does he: eyaa demala dannavaayæ? queue (n, syn. ‘line’): තොගෙපම poolima, e.g. තොගෙපල තොගෙපම <1> or ඉ엊ටස鷒 බස්සු තොගෙපම <2> He stood in the queue for a long time: එය තොගෙඩ槊 තොගෙවල තොගෙපතොගෙම හ鷒ය. <1> quickly (adv): ): ǒස්සු ට vigasaTa, ǒහට vigahaTa, ǒජහට vijahaTa R8, ඉ槊මනට ikmanaTa, ikmanin R27 ‘Those buses move quickly’: ඒ බස්සු ඉ槊මනට යනව. NeLC10 Go and come back quickly: 燒හ ඉ槊මනට එ엊ඩ. Get well soon: ඉ槊ම엊ට සව තොගෙNJව. quit (v); cf. ‘resign’ quiver (v, passive, Norw. ‘skjelve’): NPT-IND තොගෙහනව gæhenavaa, PT gæhunaa, PP gæhilaa, IMP gæhenna S286, cf. ‘blow as the wind’ quotative complementizer (grammar): කයල kiyalaa, often translated ‘that’; not limited to contexts of speaking, but occurs with verbs of thinking and knowing; links the subordinate sentences (or utterances) to the matrix. return to index

R ර ර  ර     ර ර තොගෙර තොගෙ බර තොගෙර තොගෙර තොගෙර බර ra rā ræ ræ ri rī ru rū rṛ rṝ re rē rai ro rō rau

rabbit (n): හව haavaa (W DIAL), 퇒නම pinumaa (DM DIAL JBD4:143) English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 143 race: jaati (etym. ‘birth’ in many South Asian languages, also ‘nation’ in Sinhala); වය vargaya, PL varga / variga rack (n): ර槊ය raakkaya [raakkee] (syn. ‘shelf’) <1>, ‘radala’: a derogatory term for people who feel socially superior (Sinhala = an aristocratic caste) radio: තොගෙꗒතොගෙය reeDiyoo (guvanviduliya) We are listening to the radio: api reeDiyoo ahanavaa. MAs33 radish (Bot. Raphanus sativus L): ර� raabu (orig. Port. ‘rabo’) <1>, <2> rafter (n, Arch): පරලය paraalaya, PL paraala <1>, <2>, <3>, ragger (n): තොගෙජ퇊ප, PL jeppoo, member of a student group, that mocks, ridicules and taunts freshers at the university. Raggers often use ‘pure’ Sinhala (Sinhala-only rules), opposing English loan words. <1> anti-ragger (n, ): තොගෙජ퇊තොගෙප අල member of a non-political student group spread over the universities in Sri Lanka; the major view of the group is to prevent ragging and bullying on freshers. <2> What I don’t get is why are the ‘anti-raggers’ having the rally now? මට තොගෙතතොගෙර엊තොගෙ엊 නතතොගෙත ඇය තොගෙම අලතොගෙය ද엊 තොගෙපළපᗒය槊 ය엊තොගෙ엊 කයල. railway (n): තොගෙල පර reel paara; 뷔මය- railway- railwayman (n): 뷔මය තොගෙස්සු වය dumriya seevakayaa rain (n., syn. ‘shower’, ‘rainstorm’) : වස්සු ස්සු væssa R13 <1>, GEN væsse, PL væhi; වස්සු* ව varusaava <1> rainwater (storm water): වහ ව뗔ර væhivatura DC88 It is hard to work because of the rain: varusaava nisaa væDa karanna amaaruyi.AM. FGdS205 heavy / torrential rain: තොගෙමර ූරන වස්සු ස්සු MAS <1>; untimely rain: අල වස්සු ස්සුJBD4:134 It is going to rain.INF: වහ엊ඩ එනව, (වහ엊ඩ යනව) JBD4:9 rain (vi) : NPT-IND වහනව vahinavaa R11, PT væssaa, PP væhælaa, IMP vahinna, FUT vahinnee S283, වᇓNJ (‘might rain’) CS ‘Dogs and cats are raining’ (Lit ‘It rains heavily’): තොගෙමර ූරන වහනව. CS be raised: issenavaa R24A34 Rajapakse (n, surname): රජප槊ෂ raajapakşa Mahinda Rajapakse: මහ엊ද රජප槊ෂ; Gotabhaya Rajapakse: තොගෙඨභාෂාවල් දැනගන්ය රජප槊ෂ rally (n): තොගෙපළපᗒය pelapaaliya The student rally is next week, I think: මම හ엊තොගෙ엊 ළමය තොගෙපළපᗒය ඊළතොගෙ ස්සු 뗒තොගෙ. Ramanayake (n, surname): රමනය raamanayaka rambutan: රට엊 Nephelium lappaceum <1>, <2>, range, rank (n): තොගෙපළ pela, cf. ‘O/L’ rake (n, agric): තොගෙ槊ය reekkaya <1> rare (adj): 뷔ලභාෂාවල් දැනගන් durlabha rascal: horaa 30 rat (n): ය miiyaa, PL miiyoo; cf. ‘meeya’ very large rat: bænDikuuT rather (adv): රම槊 taramak My friend is rather short. මතොගෙ යᗔව රම槊 鷒ය. <1> Ratnapura (n): රතන퇔ර ratnapura <1>, <2>, Ratnayake (n): රතනය ratnaayaka, e.g. ǒ槊ට රතනය <1>, ratsnake (n): ර뇊ය gæraňDiyaa, PL gæraňDi <1>, rattan (thorny liana): tuda rena, තොගෙNJවල sudu veevæl <1> rattan chair: තොගෙNJවල 퇔鷔ව <2>, Rauvolfia serpentina (L.): ඒතොගෙNJය eekaaveeriya , val eekaaveeriya <1>, <2> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 144 Rawathawatte Road (Moratuwa, Sarvodaya): ravataavatta paara Ravindra Kumara: එම. ඩ. රǓ엊ද්‍ර 槔මර raw: amu raw material: amu-dravya razor blade (n): �තොගෙල ලය CS read (vi, syn. ‘get said, ‘cause to say’): NPT-IND කයවනව kiyavanavaa R16, R18, PT kiyevvaa, PP kiyavalaa*, IMP kiyavanna S322, GER කයǓම kiyaviima (n, ‘reading’), PRES.CON kiyava kiyava innavaa (is reading) SP1:111, nokiyavanavaa (without reading) Younger brother is reading the book: malli pota kiyavanavaa F1 The son reads the book for himself: 퇔 තොගෙප කයවත. CS read hard (vti, syn. study): පඩම රනව paaDam karanavaa Younger brother is studying: malli paaDam karanavaa SG Reading.GER.ABL will develop the knowledge: kiyaviimen dænuma wæDenavaa. <1> I haven’t read all that much (lit ‘that far.DAT’): මම එ臊චර 뷔රට තොගෙපත කයවල න. MAs264 How can you learn without reading books? තොගෙපත තොගෙනකයව ඉන엊තොගෙන තොගෙතොගෙහමද? JWG2:156 ritual of reading the first alphabet letter to a child : අ槔 කයǓම <1> ready (adj): ලස්සු 뗒 lææsti R14, තොගෙලස්සු 뗒 leesti (Ru DIAL) Are you ready? oba lææstida? I’m ready: mama lææstiyi.AM. Cf. ‘prepare’; Are you ready, sir? ලස්සු, 뗒ද මහතය? <1> Is the tea ready? Tee lææstida? No, lady. Now only the water is boiling (Lit’dancing’). I shall bring it and come soon: næ noona, dæn tamayi vatura natanne, ikmanaTa aragena ennaŋ. SP1:126 be realized (v., INV., s.DAT): දතොගෙනනව dænenavaa R12, cf. ‘feel’ I realized that: eeka maTa.DAT dænunaa really (adv): ස්සු බǒ엊ම sæbavinma (syn ‘indeed’) reap paddy (cut): තොගෙයම පනව goyam kapanavaa She can reap paddy.INV very well: ææ atin ageeTa goyam kæpenavaa. DC159 reaping of paddy: තොගෙයම 퇒ම reason (n): තොගෙහ뗔ව heetuva the reason for the death.DAT: maranayaTa heetuva DC129 What did he say the reason was? heetuva mokakda kiyalaa eyaa kivvaada? NeLC15 What is the reason? තොගෙම槊ද තොගෙහ뗔ව. CS rebirth (n, syn. ‘reincarnation’): 퇔නතපත뗒ය punarutpattiya CS receipt: 槔ය엊සය kuyitansiya receive (vt, VOL, syn. ‘obtain): NPT-IND ලබනව labanavaa R13, R20A1, PT læbuvaa, PP labalaa, IMP labanna NPT-REL labana, GER læbiima S277, NEG තොගෙනල� (‘without receiving’) receive (vi, INV, s.DAT, syn. ‘get’): NPT-IND ලතොගෙබනව læbenavaa, PT læbunaa, PP læbilaa, IMP læbenna! S286 cf. ‘obtain’ (We) got some presents from the teacher: gurutumaagen.ABL tæægi læbunaa. <1> Did you get this week’s money from your wife? noonaagen mee sumaane salli hamba unaada? FGdS244 Money was received from Chitra: Chitragen.ABL salli hamba unaa. <1> (I) received money from my father.ABL: මතොගෙ තතොගෙ엊 ස්සු ල ල�න. CS How long will it take (for them) to receive the letter? ම ලතොගෙබ엊න දවස්සු 槓ය槊 යනව ද? NeLC5 recent: mææta R28 recently (adv, syn. ‘in a few days’ time’): ada iiye R17B18, aluten R20, ළඟ뷒 laňgadi R28 very recently: iiye pereedaa English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 145 Recently Nimal came here: laňgadi nimal mehe aavaa. S214 Did you come to Lanka recently? mahattayaa laŋkaavaTa aave laňgadida? FGdS271 recognize: aňdunanavaa R19A11, aňduranavaa R19 recover (v): NPT-IND hoňda venavaa; තොගෙඩ යනව goDa yanavaa (colloq slang, Lit ‘reaching the dry land’) rectify (vt), cf. ‘correct’ recycling (n): ප්‍ර뗒චකරණ praticakriikarana, e.g. අප뷊රNJය 퇊ර뗒ච槊රණ <1> red (adj): ratu R3 red one: rattaa R14 reduce (vt): NPT-IND අꗔ රනව aDu karanavaa, PT a. kalaa, PP a. karalaa, IMP a. karanna Shall (I) make it with less chilli: miris aDu karalaa hadanna-da? FGdS337 reflect: ලපන රනව kalpanaa karanavaa R23 (I) decided to see a good doctor: තොගෙහඳ තොගෙදස්සු ර තොගෙතොගෙන槊 හමබතොගෙව엊නලපන තොගෙව. JWG2:63 reflection (n): kalpanaava reflexive pronoun (grammar, i.e. ‘oneself’, ‘himself’, ‘themselves’): ම엊 taman, ACC tamanva, DAT tamanTa, GEN ම엊තොගෙග tamangee Gunapala saw himself.ACC in the mirror.INST: gunapaala tamanva (/eyaavama) kannaaDiyen dækkaa. Gunapala gave himself.DAT presents: gunapaala tamanTa (/eyaaTama) tæægi dunnaa. The gentleman sold his (own).GEN car: mahattayaa tamangee (/eyaage/eyaagema) kaareka vikkaa. GP56 He does his own work: එය ම엊තොගෙග වඩ ර엊නව. FSI2:212 It is better if we minded our own/*self’s business: අ퇒 අතොගෙප/ම엊තොගෙ වඩ槊 බලත නම තොගෙහඳය. reflexive verbs, i.e. the subject of the verb is simultaneously the object of it as well DC137; ‘doing sth for oneself’, ‘affecting oneself’; verb stem.PP+gannavaa, e.g. The child wet himself: lamayaa temaa gattaa. Ranjit bit himself: ranjit hapaa gattaa. The child scratched himself: lamayaa suuraa gattaa. refuse (v, syn. ‘reject’): NPT-IND ප්‍රප්‍ර뗒槊තොගෙෂප‍ රනව pratiksheepa karanavaa, PT p. kalaa, PP p. karalaa, IMP p. karanna They politely refused our invitation. ඒ අය අතොගෙ퇊 ආරධනය ණව ප්‍රප්‍ර뗒槊තොගෙෂප‍ ළ. <1> My sister refused to come with me. මතොගෙ අ槊/න燒 මත එ槊 එ엊න බහ කNJව. <1> register (v): NPT-IND ප뷒엊ච රනව padinci karanavaa, PT p. kalaa, PP p. karalaa, IMP p. karanna CS regret (v): NPT-IND න鷔 තොගෙවනව kanagaaTu venavaa (syn. ‘feel sorry’), PT regularly (syn. ‘frequently’): 엒රම nitarama 16, velaavaTa There are frequent buses on your route, aren’t there? oyaalaage paaree nitarama bus tiyenavaa, needa? NeLC13 Take your medicine regularly: velaavaTa behet Tika bonna NeLC4 rejoice (vi): NPT-IND ස්සු 뗔鷔 තොගෙවනව satuTu venavaa CS, PT s. unaa, PP s. velaa, IMP s. venna relationship (n): aasree How long have you had a relationship (with him)? koccara kaalayak venavaa da oya / ee aasree? <1> relative (n) : නය nææyaa R22, PL nææyoo?; නදය næædææya, PL næædææyo FGdS226, නදය (i.e. ‘kinsman’), නදතොගෙය (i.e. ‘folks’, ‘kindred’); A relative.ACC of hers was selected as her secretary. එයතොගෙ නදතොගෙය槊ව එයතොගෙ තොගෙලම හ鷒යට තොගෙර ත. <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 146 We visit relatives for the new year (DIAL Ka, 4K): අ퇒 අǔ뷊දට නතොගෙහත뗔තොගෙව යනව. JBD4:158 relative clause (gram), cf ‘verbal adjective’ release (v): NPT-IND අනව ataarinavaa (අ+අනව ata + arinavaa, Lit ‘hand + send’) DC86 relief supplies: shanadaara DC167 the government makes the village officer distribute relief supplies to people: rajaya graama seevaka lauvaa minissunTaa shanadaara bedavanavaa DC167 religion: ආම aagama (syn ‘Christianity’ in colloq Sinhala), cf. ‘Christian’ I am religious: මම ආමට ල뷒ය. <1> being religious (lit. ‘commemorating religion’): ආම සහ කම aagama sihi kiriima remarable (adj): 퇔뷔ම puduma remarkably (adv): 퇔뷔මǒ뷒යට pudumavidiyaTa remember (vt): cf. ‘remind’, ‘memory’ Tell him I remember him.ACC (i.e. greeting): එයව ම槊 තොගෙව කයල කය엊න. CS remind (vt, syn. ‘remember’, o.DAT): NPT-IND matak karanavaa, PT m. kalaa, PP m. karalaa, IMP m. karanna S475 Give my regards to everybody at home: gedara okkoma matak kalaa kiyanna. NeLC11 Do remember everybody (us) with affection: හතොගෙමම ආදතොගෙර엊 ම槊 ර엊න. SG remove (vt): NPT-IND අහ槊 රනව ahaka karanavaa R28, PT a. kalaa, PP a. karalaa, IMP a. karanna remove (vti) NPT-IND ඉවත රනව ivat karanavaa, cf. ‘get rid of’ demining landmines: �ම තොගෙබමබ ඉවත කම remove (vt): NPT-IND ළවනව galavanavaa (syn. ‘undo’, ‘take off’, ‘dismantle’, ‘save from trouble’) FGdS355, PT gælevvaa, PP galavalaa, IMP galavanna S309 When entering that place, you must remove your shoes: etenTa ætulvena koTa sapattu galavanna oona. FGdS355; When you enter the temple, you have to take off your shoes: ප엊ස්සු ල ඇ뗔ළට යනතොගෙට ස්සු පත ලව엊න ඕතොගෙන. MAs173 repair (vt): NPT-IND හස්සු ස්සු නව harigassanavaa, PT harigæssuvaa, PP harigassalaa, IMP harigassanna S346 report (v): kiyalaa evanavaa R27A43 report (n): vaartaava, PL vaartaa* / වවල**? Have (you) finished writing that report? ara vaartaava liyalaa ivarada? NeLC13 All the reports have been completed: ව ඔ槊තොගෙම ඉවර රල 뗒තොගෙය엊තොගෙන. What is the report about? වව තොගෙම槊 න ද? CS annual report : ව৒ වව; periodic report : 엒ය ල වව; progress report: ප්‍ර뗒 වව; project report : වප뗒 වව; feasibility report : ශ වව; reported speech (grammar): kiyalaa; cf ‘indirect statement’ The man said that he was going home: minihaa kivvaa gedara yanavaa (ya) kiyalaa. DG75 reporter (n): ව vaartaakaru DC84 request (v): ඉලලනව cf. ‘demand’ require(d): oonææ require (vt, syn ‘necessitate’): NPT-IND අවශ තොගෙවනව avashya venavaa research: පතොගෙෂණparyeeşana reserve (n, i.e. ‘nature/forest reserve’): වතොගෙනදදනය‍ vanoodyaanaya reserve (vt): NPT-IND තොගෙව엊 රනව ven karanavaa If you have nice rooms, we’ll have two: තොගෙහඳ මර 뗒තොගෙයනවනම අ퇒ට මර තොගෙද槊 තොගෙව엊ර엊න. BH28 reservoir: වව væva, PL væv; තොගෙප槔ණ pokuna; ජලශය jalaashaya, PL jalaasha; cf. ‘lake’ There are large tanks, such as Tisa Weva: ehe tisaa væva vagee loku vævut tiyenavaa. English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 147 Wewas are a large man-made tank: væv kiyanne minissu hadalaa tiyena loku jalaasha vargayak. NeLC12 <1>, <2>, <3> ‘the Bowatenna Reservoir’: තොගෙබව엊න ජලශය <1> reside (v): NPT-IND ප뷒චතොගෙවල ඉ엊නව FSI2:143 residence (n, syn. ‘occupation’, ‘dwelling’, ‘home’): ප뷒චය padiŋciya, PL padiŋci resign (v, syn ‘quit’): as venavaa R22 I quit my job.ABL: mama rassaaven as unaa. It is not that I came on holiday.IND.DAT; I came here after quitting.PP my job.ABL: maŋ nivaaDuvakaTa aavaa neveyi, rassaaven asvelaa aave. DC263 respect (n, syn. ‘dignity’, ‘prestige’): තවය garutva DC84,  කම garu kiriima You must / have (got) to respect your parents: ම엊තොගෙ‍ තොගෙදමNJ퇒ය엊ට  ර엊න ඕන. <1> respectful (adj, syn ‘dignified’):  garu rest (n), ඉස්සු පසව ispaasuva (syn.’leisure’, ‘peace’, ‘occation’); cf ‘leisurely’ He.DAT doesn’t get a minute’s peace: eyaaTa ispaasuvak nææ. FGdS2:86 restaurant (n), hooTalee, cf. ‘hotel’ ‘resthouse’: නයම taanaayama FGdS60, GEN taanaayamee, PL taanaayaŋ; rest house maintained either by the Government Tourist Bureau or by the local government, providing food and lodging to travellers at a moderate rate. <1>, The rest house is.NPT.EMP near Sigiriya Rock: taanaayama tiyenne siigiri laňga retail trade (n): සලලර තොගෙවළඳම sillara velaňdaama FGdS2:80 retail food merchants: sillara kaDa karayoo retroflex: muurdhaja R6s return (v, syn. ‘go back’): NPT-IND aapasu**/aapahu* yanavaa, PT aa. giyaa, PP aa. gihillaa, IMP aa. yanna FGdS184 (I'll) be going back in May: ආපහ ය엊තොගෙන මයවල. <1> in return (adv): නව nævata (syn ‘again’, ‘back’, ‘reply’?) revenge (n, politics): පᗒ엓ම paligæniima Rhaphidophora laciniata (Burm.f.) (Bot., medicinal epiphytic shrub): දඩතොගෙතොගෙහල daDa kehel <1> rheumatic pains (n, Med): වය [වතොගෙ] vaate, general word used by villagers for many other diseases <1>; ට වය, වතොගෙරය MAD Rhus succedanea L. (Bot., medicinal): ට ස්සු 燒 karkaTaka sruŋgi <1> rice: Ǔ vii (paddy seed), හල haal (husked seed, uncooked) R26, R28, බත bat (cooked) R6; baiyaa (CDS, child directed speech) to pound and husk rice (v): NPT-IND vii koTanavaa, growing rice / paddy (n): තොගෙයම goyam R26; yellow rice: kaha bat (mixed with turmeric); rice grains: vii æTa (ඇට, i.e. seeds); ‘rice cooked from the new harvest’: alutbat; rice harvesting: තොගෙයම 퇓ම goyam kæpiima <1>, picnic rice (n): batmula; milkrice and jaggery (n): imbulkiribat paddy varieties: cf. ‘paddy’ ‘a variety of rice’: haala (haal + ǝ-suffix) K2:28 first rice meal: ඉ췔ල ටම iňdul kaTagææma, i.e. a ritual ceremony when the baby is about 4-5 months old and is given a bit of rice. rice bin (n, syn. ‘granary’, a round rice storage vessel): Ǔ අ鷔ව vii aTuva, PL vii aTu, Ǔ �ස්සු ස්සු vii bissa <1>, <2>, rice-field (n): 槔ර kum bura, PL kum buru (in the sense of property) <1>; තොගෙවල vela (physical tract of ground where rice is grown) R26, PL vel; paddy fields (PL, ‘stretch of fields’): තොගෙවල යය vel yaaya to dig over a rice field (v): NPT-IND kumbura koTanavaa R26, cf. ‘plough’ You may fall into the field.DAT as you walk: yana koTa velaTa væTeyi R26 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 148 Reap our fields’.GEN (paddy): ape kumburuvala goyam kapanna R26 rich (adj): තොගෙපතොගෙහස්සු තpohosat R16, තොගෙපස්සු ත poosat; ධනවත dhanavat rich man (n): තොගෙපස්සු ; I am rich: mama poosat; The man who has.VA money, is rich: salli tiyena minihaa pohosat / salli æti minihaa pohosat. DG95 rickshaw (n): 槊තොගෙෂ rikşoo <1>, <2>, rickshaw driver (n): 槊තොගෙෂරය rikşoo-kaarayaa, PL r. kaarayoo <1>, get rid of (v): NPT-IND ඉවත රනව ivat karanavaa (syn. ‘uninstall’, ‘remove’), PT i. kalaa, PP i. karalaa, IMP i. karanna get rid of a problem: 퇊රස්සු නය槊 ඉවත රනව CS ripen and turn sweet, of fruits (vi, passive): NPT-IND ඉතොගෙදනව idenavaa, PT idunaa, PP idilaa, IMP idenna S296’ half riped: බතොගෙට ඉ뷒ල CS ripen mangoes: ඉ뷒臊ච*/ ඉ뷔귔** අඹ JBD4:533 ripen (vi): NPT-IND පතොගෙස්සු නව** pæsenavaa / පතොගෙහනව* pæhenavaa (syn. ‘grow and mature’), PT pæsunaa / pæhunaa, PP pæsilaa / pæhilaa, IMP pæsenna / pæhenna S286 matured coconut: තොගෙපල පහල CS become ripe (vt, VOL, syn ‘mature’): NPT-IND තොගෙමරනව mooranavaa, PT meeruvaa, PP mooralaa, IMP mooranna S308; (vt, INV): NPT-IND තොගෙමතොගෙරනව meerenavaa DG70 The fruits mature: geDi mooranavaa / meerenavaa. DG70 to become old, over-ripe, not fresh, beginning to ferment; mooralaa rise, of the sun (v, syn. ‘arise’, ‘dawn’): පයනව paayanavaa R31, cf ‘shine’ right (n): හ hari You are right: ඔබ හ. CS right (n, syn. ‘right direction’, oppos. of ‘left’): ද槔ණ dakuna R15 You must turn.PP right.DAT from that corner.ABL and go a little distance: ara handiyen dakunaTa hærilaa Tikak dura yanna oona. FGdS355 right hand: ද槔න අ; right leg: ද槔න 槔ල righteous (adj): ධ dharmika river (n): ඔය oya, ඟ gaňga R29, PL gaňgaa; cf stream. E.g. ᗔ ඟ <1>, river bank (n): ඉǔර ivura, PL ivuru road (n): පර paara, GEN paare, PL paaraval; මව maavata; public path, originally applied to the old Kandyan high roads; ex. ඕලතොගෙ鷊 මව Olcott Mawatha <1>; තොගෙර鷊鷔ව rooTTuva (DM DIAL JBD4:143); මය maargaya (syn ‘path’, ‘pathway’, ‘approach’, ‘route’, ‘way’) robbery (n): තොගෙස්සු රම** sorakama, තොගෙහරම* horakama, cf. ‘thief’ rock: ල gala R14, PL gal; e.g. 퇒හ鷒 ල <1>, Rodiya, Rodi (n): තොගෙරඩ roDii; untouchable social group or caste amongst the Sinhalese people <1>, <2>, roof: වහතොගෙල vahalee R31; වහල, වහළ vahala SP1:14, PL vahalaval dried and plainted coconut leaf/branch; roof of woven coconut frond/thatch mats: cadjan room: මරය kaamaraya (orig. Dutch, Port. ‘câmara’), kaamaree, PL kaamara R19; ඉඩ iDa FGdS There are six rooms in our house: ape gedara kaamara hayak tiyenavaa SG; cf. ‘bedroom’, ‘dining room’, rope (n): ඹය kam baya, PL ඹ the strength of the rope.LOC/GEN: kam bee hayiya; the strong rope: hayiya kam bee rose (n): තොගෙරස්සු roosa rose apple (Bot., Eugenia jambos): damba, ජම� jambu SP1:10 rotavator (n, agric): තොගෙරටතොගෙNJටරය roTaveeTaraya <1> ‘roti’: තොගෙර鷒 roTi; a pan cake containing kitul flour (from the pith of the tree), and coconut English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 149 rotten: kunu 31 row (a boat) (vt): (ඔව) ප뷒නව (oruva) padinavaa (syn. ‘tread on a bicycle’, ‘paddle’) Royal College (n): rooyal [rooyəl] koliijiya, (Lit රජ槓ය ǒදදලය‍ **) <1>, (My) two sons are going.NPT.EMP to R C: puttu dennaa yanne rooyal koliijiyaTa. FGdS88 rub (vti): NPT-IND නව gaanavaa R24, R26A6, PT gæævaa, PP gaalaa, IMP gaanna rub hard: NPT-IND අ뗔ලලනව atullanavaa, PT ætilluvaa, PP atullalaa*/atullaa**, IMP atullanna! S568 rub out (v, syn. ‘erase’, ‘delete’): NPT-IND මනව makanavaa R12, PT mækuvaa, PP makalaa, IMP makanna! S277 rubber (n): රබ rabar R21 <1>, <2>, ; eraser (for deleating): මනය CS <1>, latex ‘kiri’ cutting: ක 퇓ම kiri kæpiima <1>, This (latex) was brought by the tappers (lit. ‘collecting people’): තොගෙමව ක 엊න 엒ස්සු ස තොගෙනව. A55 rubbish: kunu 31 rude (adj): særa R14 rumour (n): ටව kaTa-kataava run (v, tr, VOL): NPT-IND 뷔වනව duvanavaa [duǝnǝva] R11, PT divuvaa [diuva], PP duvalaa, IMP duvanna! SP3:101, PRES.CON duva duva innavaa (is running) SP1:111, the man runs: minihaa duvanavaa JWG the running.NPT-REL train: duvana kocciya DC130 There are four buses running between the village.LOC and the town.DAT.CONJ: gamee iňdalaa TavumaTayi Tavume iňdalaa gamaTayi bas hatarak duvanavaa. SdS1 cause to run (vt, VOL): NPT-IND duvavanavaa SdS2 (e.g. run a train), run (vi, INV): NPT-IND 뷒තොගෙවනව divenavaa, PT the man runs (involuntarily): minihaaTa.DAT divenavaa JWG running ground: 뷒තොගෙවන �ම running (n., verbal noun): diviima, divilla DC49 run over (vtr.): yaTa karanavaa R14, opposite ‘surrender’: yaTat venavaa S483 rupee (n): 퇒යල rupiyala R9, PL rupiyal, GEN rupiyalee, one rupee (n): rupiyalak, rupiyalayi R9 rural (adj): 퇒鷒ස්සු ර piTisara ‘rural speech’: piTisara kataava, e.g children using coarse or ‘bad’ words rural development: ගම ස්සු වධනය graama saŋvarDanaya <1>, rural development society (n): ගග‍ම ස්සු වධන ස්සු 뗒 graama saŋvarDana samiti rural area (n., syn. ‘countryside’): මබද gambada; තොගෙඩතොගෙ鷊* DoTee rural person (n): තොගෙහණ තොගෙඩටය槊* hena Dotayak, ප鷊ට තොගෙඩට槊* paTTa Dotak, i.e someone (often a woman) living in a remote area rural district: මබද පළ gambada palaata rush (n, Bot): ප paŋ mats made of rush leaves: ප තොගෙළ ප뷔 JBD4:113 rust (n, syn ‘corrosive’): මලඩ malakaDa; rust eats (v): මලඩ නව. CS <1> rusty water: මලඩ / යඩ ව뗔ර malakaDa / yakaDa vatura return to index

S ස්සු ස්සු ස්සු ස්සු ස ී ස ූ ස්සු ස්සු තොගෙස්සු තොගෙස්සු බස්සු තොගෙස්සු තොගෙස්සු තොගෙස්සු බස්සු තොගෙස්සු sa sā sæ sæ si sī su sū sṛ sṝ se sē sai so sō sau English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 150 ෂ ෂ ෂ ෂ ৒ ෂ ෂ ෂ ෂ ෂ තොගෙෂ තොගෙෂ බෂ තොගෙෂ තොගෙෂ තොගෙෂ බෂ ṣa ṣā ṣæ ṣæ ṣi ṣī ṣu ṣū ṣṛ ṣṝ ṣe ṣē ṣai ṣo ṣō ṣau

ශ ශ ශ තොගෙශ තොගෙශ බශ තොගෙශ තොගෙශ තොගෙශ ה ד ג ශ ශ ශ ශ බශ තොගෙශ śa śā śæ śæ śi śī śu śū śṛ śṝ śe śē śai śo śō śau

Sabaragamuwa (n, geo): ස්සු බරවsabaragamuva, province containing Ratnapura and Kegalle districts <1>, Saccharum officinarum L. (Bot., Eng. sugarcane): උ槊 uk, උ槊ස්සු ukgas <1>, <2>, sack (n): තොගෙ엒යgooniya, PL gooni, cf. ‘winnow’ sad (adj/n): 뷔 duka (NPT-IND s.DAT, also when sadness is a momentary emotion JBD4:69; PT s.NOM); න鷔 kanagaaTu R25 I.DAT am very sad.AM about it: maTa ee gæna hari dukayi. S209 I’m.NPT.EMP sad.AM about that: maTa eekaTa kanagaaTuyi; maŋ eekaTa kanagaaTuven inne. I’m very sad: maTa loku kanagaaTuvak tiyenavaa. R25:205 The children whose mother went abroad are sad: අමම රට 燒ය ළමය 뷔තොගෙ엊 ඉ엊තොගෙන. We.DAT are sad.AM that he died.PT.DAT: අ퇒ට එය මනට න鷔ය. R feel sad (vi, ir.): NPT-IND 뷔槊 තොගෙවනව dukvenavaa, PT d. unaa, PP d. velaa, IMP d. venna S209 Michel was very sad about it: misel.NOM ee gæna hariyaTa dukvunaa. S209 get sad (v): NPT-IND kanagaaTu venavaa R25:205, PT k. unaa, PP k. velaa, IMP k. venna He became sad: minihaa kanagaaTu unaa. R25:205 sadness: kanagaaTuva R25 safety (n): ආර槊ෂව aarakşaava (syn. ‘security’, ‘defense’, ‘protection’) He couldn't care less about other people's safety (lit. ‘He gives no any consideration to other people’s safety’): අ엒ත අයතොගෙග ආර槊ෂව න එයට කසම 槓ම槊 නහ. <1> Salacia reticulata Wight (Bot., climber): kotala himbatu <1>, <2>, salad: ස්සු ලදය salaadaya (orig. Port. ‘saláda’) salary: පꗒය paDiya, PL පꗒ paDi; paDi-naDi, Lit ‘salary + ***’ DC88 (We) can pay (it back) little by little out of (your) salary, can’t we? paDiyen Tika Tika gevanna puluvan, nee? FGdS259 They said they wanted to go because the wages were not enough: පꗒ ම뷒ය කයල ය엊ඩ ඕන කNJව. CS ‘Whether they work.CONC or not.CONC, they.DAT get their salary’: væDa kalat [kǝlat] nætat ee gollanTa paDi. DC203 salmon (n): ස්සු ම엊 මᗔව sæman maalu <1> salt (n): 귔 luNu R20 <1>, <2> coconut shell containing small chunks of salt: lunu kaTuva ‘sambal’/ ‘sambol’ (n): ස්සු මතොගෙබල samboola, i.e. a chili based sauce which is normally used as a condiment, e.g. 鷊ට ස්සු මතොගෙබල, තොගෙපල ස්සු මතොගෙබල<1>, <2>, same (opp. of different): ස්සු මන samaana; එම ekama NeLC6; cf. ‘alike’ We are the same: අ퇒 ද엊නම ස්සු මනය We studied.EMP (together) at the same school: api igenagatte ekama iskoole. NeLC6 sand (n): ව væli; ‘a variety of sand’: vælla (væl + ǝ-suffix) K2:28 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 151 the outside area (court) beyond and surrounding the ‘pila’: ව 뷔ල væli midula sandal (n): තොගෙස්සු තොගෙර퇊퇔ව sereppuva, PL sereppu, e.g. රබ තොගෙස්සු තොගෙර퇊퇔 <1> sandalwood (n, Bot. Santalum spp.): ස්සු 췔엊 ස්සු saňdun gasa** <1>, <2>, රත හ췔엊 rat haňdun* (red sandalwood) ‘Sandeshaya’ (Sin. ‘epistle’, memorandum’, BBC Sinhala News): ස්සු තොගෙ뷊ශය <1>, ‘Sangha’, compare ‘Mahasangha’ <1>, <2>, <3>, Buddhist priests: sangaya vahanse Sanskrit (n): ස්සු ස්සු saŋskruta <1>, sari (n): ස්සු ය saariya <1>, sarong: ස්සු තොගෙරම saroma R16, ස්සු රම sarama, PL ස්සු saruŋ K63 <1>, Sarvodaya: ස්සු තොගෙවදය sarvoodaya (orig. Sanskrit, Lit meaning 'awakening of all’) <1>, <2>, sasana (n, Budd): ස්සු ස්සු නය saasana, i.e. ‘Buddhism’ (orig. Sanskrit, Pali) <1> sasara (n, Budd): ස්සු ස්සුර sasara, i.e. ‘existence’, ‘cycle of rebirth’; ස්සු ස්සුර ළකම, lit. ‘doldrums of life’? i.e. ‘disillusionment with the world’ <1>, Sathkara (n): ස්සු තරය satkaaraya [satkaarə] følge mine gamle ordbøker betyr sath "sannhet" og kara (utt.: ’kārə’) "gjøremål" eller "å gjøre". Rent semantisk får ordet da en slik betydning: Å gjøre det rette eller det sanne. I flg. Carter’s (side 644) betyr sathkaara (a) beneficient eller hospitable; sathkaarakama (n) eller sathkaaraya (n) betyr doing good, beneficence, hospitality; reverence, respect; sathkaara karanavaa (v) betyr to do good to, cherish, treat hospitably, entertain. I flg. Sanskrit-English Dictionary er betydningen ‘kind treatment, honour, favour, reverence’. <1> I daglig singalesisk har ordet fått en utvidet bruk, som også omfatter betydningene "gjestfri" eller "å være gjestfri" (hospitable) og dessuten "generøs" (beneficent) eller "å være gavmild mot fattige". Helt allment kan uttrykket brukes om ”omsorg” eller ”å bry seg”. Annen betydning: Welcome! satin wood (n.,Bot., Chloroxylon swietenia): � buruta <1>, <2>, Saturday: තොගෙස්සු නසරද senasuraadaa R19 save (v, lit. ‘make left-over’): ituru karanavaa R22 saw (n): කය kiyata, e.g. තොගෙරල බ槔 කය<1>, PL kiyat say (v, VOL, syn. ‘tell’): NPT-IND කයනව kiyanavaa R6, PT kiivvaa R12, PP kiyalaa R18, IMP kiyanna, PRES.CON kiya kiya innavaa (is saying) SP1:111, eeka alut kiyalaa mama dannavaa: it new having-said I know (I know that it is new) eeka alut-da kiyalaa mama danne næhæ: it new-? having said I don’t know (I do not know whether it is new) I say that Sunil went yesterday: (මම) ස엒ල ඊතොගෙය 燒ය කයල කයනව. be said (v, INV): NPT-IND කතොගෙයනව kiyenavaa, PT kiyavunaa, I blurted that word out: මට ඒ වචන කයǔන. G69 ‘sayer’ (n, verbal noun): kiyannaa, ‘person who says or speaker’ DC49 scabies (n, Med): තොගෙහ hori scarce : හඟ hiňga**, හ higa* I am short.AM of money: maTa salli higayi. scholar (n): ප엊ꗒවරය panDivarayaa, cf. ‘educated’ school (n): ඉස්සු තොගෙලය iskoolaya, iskoolee R2, MAs320 (orig. Port. ‘escola’), i.e. primary (grades 1- 5) and secondary (grades 6-11) school <1>; පස්සු ල paasala, පස්සු ල paasæla CS; අ槔 මꗔව akuru maDuva, shed where the alphabet or reading is taught; in a school.IND.LOC: ඉස්සු තොගෙල iskoolaka scissors (n): 뗔ර katura, PL katuru; e.g. 퇓ස්සු පන 뗔ර <1> cut with scissors.INST: 뗔엊 පනව science: ǒදව vidyaava English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 152 Scindapsus officinalis (Roxb.) Scholt (Bot., epiphytic climber): gaja tippili <1> Scirps supinus (Bot, Eng. ‘finge rush’, weed in paddy field): 槔ඩම鷊ට kuDamæTTa <1>, Scleria oryzoides (n, Bot, Norw ‘starr-gras’): තොගෙප뗔 තොගෙළ ව엒 ප엊 වය槊 potu kola, potu pan, i.e. tall reed which grows at the edge of paddy fields, indicator of salty ground water; rush / grass used in making coarse mats <1> scold (vt, ir): NPT-IND ස්සු ර රනව særa karanavaa R14, PT s. kalaa, PP s. karalaa, IMP s. karanna S130; (vt): NPT-IND ස්සු රදනව særa daanavaa, PT s. dæmmaa, PP s. daalaa*/damaa**, IMP s. daanna Don't shout at me.DAT like that (‘such’): මට ඔතොගෙහම ස්සු ර ද엊න එප. <1> scold (vt, o.DAT): baninavaa R16; cf. ‘abuse verbally’ scorpion (n): තොගෙනස්සු ස්සු goonussaa <1>, scout (n): බලද槊ෂය; scouting (n): බලද槊ෂ වවපරය‍ <1>, scrape (vti, e.g. coconut): NPT-IND නව (pol) gaanavaa, PT gæævaa, PP gaalaa, IMP gaanna S276 The aunt (scraped) grated coconut: nændaa pol gæævaa. SP1:44 scratch a surface with a hard object (vt): NPT-IND ᇖරනව huuranavaa R12, cf. ‘dig’, PT hiiruvaa, PP huuralaa, IMP huuranna S299; NPT-IND ූරනව suuranavaa Pussy nearly scratched me (idiom., Lit ‘in another minute the pussy scratches me’): tava Tikakadi oya puusaa maava huuranavaa R17A18 Pussy will scratch (you) in a minute: puusaa tava Tikakin huurayi <1>, scratch (v): හනව kahanavaa scream (v), cf. ‘shout’ screw: ænee R22 screw driver (n): ඉස්සු 槔퇊퇔 엒යන scrub (Bot.): ල췔 ලව laňdu kælææva Scutinanthe brunnea or Canarium zeylanicum (Bot., TRF tree): mahabulu-mora; yielding resinous gum, endemic sea (n): හද muhuda, ද muuda, 뷔 muudu There is sea around our country: apee raTa vaTeema muhuda SG, cf. ‘beach’ Father is going to the beach.DAT: taattaa muudaTa yanavaa; Father is going out fishing (lit ‘to sea’): taattaa muudu yanavaa. DG93 season: rtuva 15; තොගෙමස්සු මmoosama; cf ‘monsoon’ maha monsoon (name of the Oct.-Jan. season); 뷒 තොගෙමස්සු ම(North-Eastern monsoon, Lit ‘major season’) <1>; ඊශන තොගෙමස්සු මiishaana moosama (lit ‘northeast monsoon’) yala monsoon (n. of the April-Aug. season): යල (Lit ‘minor season’); 엒 තොගෙමස්සු ම(lit ‘south-west monsoon’) search for (vt, syn. ‘looking for’, ‘seek’): NPT-IND තොගෙහයනව* hoyanavaa (තොගෙස්සු යනව**) R26, PT hevvaa, PP hoyalaa, IMP hoyanna S307 the mother who searches.NPT-REL for her child.ACC: daruava hoyana ammaa DC131 I’m looking for a book: maŋ potak hoyanavaa NeLC3 search (for oneself): hoyaa gannavaa If it becomes.FUT.COND difficult (for you) to search the place, please ask someone.ABL else: තොගෙහය 엊න අම ǔතොගෙනත [amarunot] ඒ හතොගෙය තොගෙ හ අහ엊න. NeLC6 Are you going in search of water (7H DIAL, lit ‘the water path.LOC’): 뷒ය-පතොගෙර යනව ද? We go in search of medicines (7H DIAL, lit ‘medicine path.LOC’): අ퇒 තොගෙ�ත-පතොගෙර යනව. JBD4:147 second (ordinal number): තොගෙදතොගෙව엒 devani LP, deveni World War II: තොගෙදවන තොගෙල 뷊ධය; තොගෙදවන තොගෙල ස්සුගමය second (n, time unit): තපරය tatparaya secondary school (n), cf. ‘school’ secondary school (n): vidyaale MAs28 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 153 go to school: iskoolee yanavaa R3 go to our school.DAT: ape iskooleeTa yanavaa R3 secret (n.): රහස්සු rahasa SP1:14 secret (adj): rahas secretary (n): leekam mahattayaa (male); leekam noonaa (female) MAs9 section (n): පᗔ palu; PL තොගෙටස්සු koTas ‘orange segments’: doDam palu ‘garlic cloves’: sudu luunu palu I have to study a lot of sections: මට වත හඟ槊 තොගෙටස්සු පඩම ර엊න 뗒තොගෙයනව. NeLC3 security guard (n): murakaarayaa MAs9 see (vti, o.ACC): NPT-IND දකනව dakinavaa (seldom used in present tense), PT dækkaa R13, PP dækalaa* / dæka**, IMP dakinna S280, තොගෙනතොගෙප엒 (‘without seeing’) <1>, Seeing (you) after a long time (idiom.): ද槊 ල dækka kal K170 I see you.ACC almost (Lit ‘like’) everyday: mama oyaava hæmadaama vagee dakinavaa. But I didn’t see you during the past days: eet pahugiya Tikee dække nææ. K108 That is the man who saw.PT-REL me.ACC: ara maava dækkapu minihaa. <1> A friend of mine has seen him. මතොගෙ යᗔතොගෙව槊 එයව දල 뗒යනව. <1> If you see.COND her.ACC, you.DAT blush: ඔය එයව ද槊තොගෙත (දකන හම ǒටම) ඔයතොගෙග ණ ර뗔 තොගෙවනව; If you saw/had seen.PT her.ACC that day, you would have married her.ACC: ඔය එද එයව ද槊 නම (එතොගෙහම) ඔය එයව බ췒නව. <1> see (v, passive, i.e. to be seen, ‘appear’, s.DAT): NPT-IND තොගෙ퇊නව peenavaa / තොගෙපතොගෙනනව penenavaa R13, PT penunaa, PP penilaa* / penii**, IMP penenna! S304, GER ඇස්සු ප엓ම (i.e.eyesight) I see the temple: maTa pansala peenavaa. G27 I saw jaggery being made: mama hakuru hadanavaa dækkaa / maTa.DAT hakuru hadanavaa penunaa. FGdS2:120 I can see six tall coconut trees: මට උස්සු තොගෙපල ස්සු හය槊 තොගෙ퇊නව. MAs105 see (vti, syn. ‘watch’, e.g. TV): NPT-IND බලනව balanavaa, PT bæluvaa R3 (බලNJව balavvaa, Ka DIAL JBD4:139), PP balalaa* R15/ balaa**, IMP balanna, GER බම bæliima (i.e. observation, view) S277, PRES.CON bala bala innavaa (is seeing) SP1:111, In the case of refusal, one tends to use terms such as ‘balamu’ (engl. we’ll see), ‘balanna oonææ’ (engl. we’ll have to see) instead of giving a negative answer. However, one knows as a native speaker that these answers generally mean a diplomatic way of refusing. <1> We can see to it later: අපට ඒ න පස්සු තොගෙස්සු බල엊න퇔ව엊. <1> ‘see you later’ (colloq): passe hambəvemu MAt seed: �ජය biijaya; ඇටය æTaya [æTee], PL ඇට æTa seed bank: �ජ බ槔ව ‘lime seeds’: dehi æTa ‘rice grains’: vii æTa ‘beads’: pabalu æTa ‘peppercorns’: gammiris æTa seek: hoyanavaa 26 seela bhavana (n, Budd): ීල භාෂාවල් දැනගන්වන siila bhavanaa (lit ‘meditating the five precepts’) ‘it seems’ (suffix): - -lu; (particle) vaage It seems that the master is at home: mahattayaa gedara lu. FGdS265 It seems that he is returning: minihaa aapahu yanavaa vaage; It seems that he has already returned: miniha aapahu gihin vaage. DC262 select (v, tr): NPT-IND තොගෙරනව tooranavaa R19, PT teeruvaa, PP tooralaa* / tooraa**, IMP tooranna! S308 Tomorrow new office-bearers are chosen: heTa alut niladhaarin-va.ACC tooranavaa. DC155 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 154 get selected (vi): තොගෙතතොගෙරනව teerenavaa (syn. ‘to be understood’) self: tamayi R10; cf ‘reflexive pronoun’ sell (vt): NPT-IND ǒ槔ණනව vikunanavaa R13, PT vikkaa R13, PT vikunuvaa, PP vikunalaa, IMP vikunanda SP3:107 He sells stamps: eyaa muddara vikunanavaa FSI:2:83 be sold (vi): NPT-IND ǒකතොගෙණනව vikinenavaa, PT vikununaa, PP vikinilaa, IMP vikinenna S330 Semecarpus anacardium L. (Bot., medicinal): ක බ뷔ලල kiri badulla <1> Semecarpus obovata L. (Bot., medicinal tree): ᗔ බ뷔ලල kalu badulla <1> Semecarpus subpeltata L. (Bot., medicinal tree): මහ බ뷔ලල maha badulla <1> Semecarpus walkeri (Bot, TRF, endemic): badulla Senanayake (n, surname): තොගෙස්සු නනය seenaanaayaka Sriyani Senanayake (n): ශය엒 තොගෙස්සු නනය shriyaani seenaanaayaka send (to sbd else.DAT) (vt, VOL, syn ‘cause to go’): NPT-IND යවනව yavanavaa R18, PT yævvaa, PP yavalaa, IMP yavanna, GER යǓම yæmiima (dispatch) S277 Usually, if someone sends me.DAT an e-mail, I send him.DAT a response: saamaanyayen kauru hari maTa iimel ekak evvot.COND, mama eyaaTa uttarayak yavanavaa. <1> send (to me/us.DAT) (vt): NPT-IND එවනව evanavaa R18, PT evvaa, PP evalaa, IMP evanna! S301 not having sent (adv): නර nææra R15 The man who sent us that letter, came here this morning: අපට ඒ ම එNJව 엒හ අද උතොගෙ뷊 තොගෙමතොගෙහ ආව. Thank you very much for sending.PT.DAT the pictures (to me): 퇒엊뗖 එNJවට තොගෙඩ槊 ස්සු 뗔뗒ය! SG I’ll send.FUT the man.ACC to work.DAT tomorrow: මම තොගෙහට වඩට 엒හව එව엊නම. JWG2:62 be sent (v, INV, passive): NPT-IND යතොගෙවනව* yævenavaa, PT I find myself sending the child money: mama atin lamayaaTa salli yævenavaa. DC154 send (vt): අනව අනව arinavaa R12, R15b10, PT æriyaa, PP æralaa, IMP arinna! S282 sensation (Bud.): vedanaa sentence (n): ව槊කය vaakkiya, PL vaakki Read these sentences: mee vaakki kiyavanna. MAs17 separate (for oneself) (vti): NPT-IND තොගෙව엊 රනව ven karanavaa (syn. ‘cut off’, ‘disconnect’, ‘split’), PT v. kalaa, PP v. karalaa, IMP v. karanna separate (vti): NPT-IND තොගෙව엊 තොගෙවනව ven venavaa (syn ‘break away’), PT v. …, PP තොගෙව엊 තොගෙවල v. velaa, IMP v. venna separated (about spouses): තොගෙව엊තොගෙවල venvelaa CS <1>; depart: තොගෙව엊තොගෙවල යනව separate(ly) (adv, syn. ‘apart’, ‘independently’, ‘specially’): තොගෙවනම venama R28g, තොගෙවනතොගෙවනම venavenama S496 The kitchen is.NPT.EMP apart (from the house): kussiya tiyenne venama SG September (n): ස්සු 퇊මබ මස්සු යsæptæmbara R22 Serendib, Serendip: one of the several names by which Sri Lanka has been known, this was used mainly in the Arab world, and giving rise to the term serendipity. ‘serious’ (colloq, slang): සර* siraa (orig. Eng.) serious (adj): බලවත balavat (syn. ‘powerful’) servant (n): වඩරය væDakaarayaa R4 (syn. ‘labourer’), PL væDakaarayoo; තොගෙස්සු වය seevakayaa (syn. ‘maid’, ‘labourer’) MAs9 serve (v, syn ‘make service’): NPT-IND තොගෙස්සු වය රනව seevaya karanavaa CS, serve: allanavaa 19 serve food, etc. (vt, i.e. ‘divide’, ‘distribute’): NPT-IND තොගෙබදනව bedanavaa K390, PT beduvaa, PP bedalaa, IMP bedanna S301 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 155 Shall I serve (you) the vegetables? mama elavalu bedanna-da? SG Mother served rice with the coconut-shell spoon: ammaa pol kaTu hænden.ABL bat beduvaa. <1> serve yourself food (reflexive v): NPT-IND තොගෙබද 엊නව bedaa gannavaa White brother, serve (yourself) rice! sudu malli, bat bedaa ganna! (තොගෙබද 엊නවbedaa gannavaa, lit. ‘divide’, ‘split’, ‘clasp’). SG; I serve myself with rice: mama bat bedaa gannavaa. DC138 service (n): saavis [səəvis] service (a car) (vt): saavis [səəvis]karanavaa FGdS123 Sesamum indicum (Bot., Sesame, gingilly): ල tala <1>, <2>, Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv (Bot., grass): ණ හල tana haal <1>, <2> settle down (v, syn. ‘enter/move into a new house’): NPT-IND තොගෙව뷒නව gevadinavaa FGdS227, PT තොගෙව뷔න, PP තොගෙව뷒ල, IMP gevadinna; NPT-IND adiŋci venavaa, Tomorrow we are moving into that house: අ퇒 තොගෙහට ඒ තොගෙට තොගෙව뷒නව. It seems/probably (they) will move to a new house: තොගෙව뷒නව <1> to die (lit. ‘enter the forest/jungle’): වල ව뷒නව val vadinavaa SG seven: හ hata R9 seven-: හත hat- R11 seventeen: දහහ dahahata R18 seventh (ordinal number): හතතොගෙව엒 hatveni seventy : ස්සු තව hættææva R20 seventy-: hættææ-… several (pron, syn. ‘a few’): 槓පය槊 kiipayak (inanim) K35, kiipadenek (anim) NeLC11 I want to buy several books: maTa pot kiipayak ganna oona. K35 (I) coach a few students: lamayi kiipadenekuTa ugannanavaa. NeLC11 They called me several times during/in the morning. ඒ අය උතොගෙ뷊 තොගෙල 槓ප වව槊මට තොගෙල ළ. <1> sew (vt, syn. ‘make clothes’): NPT-IND මහනව mahanavaa R24 / masanavaa, PT mæhuvaa [mæhua] / mæsuvaa [mæsua], PP mahalaa / masalaa, IMP mahanna / masanna! SP3:108, S277 Bente nangi is sewing behind the sewing machine: මහන ම৒ම 퇒鷒පස්සු තොගෙස්සු තොගෙබ엊තොගෙන燒 මහ엊 ඉ엊නව. T sewing machine (n): මහන ම৒ම mahana mæşima <1>, sewage (n): ᗒස්සු ළ,  ස්සු ළ, kælikasala, syn. ‘refuse’, ‘rubbish’ <1>, shade (n): තොගෙස්සු වණ**, තොගෙහවන* shadow (n): තොගෙස්සු වණලල** sevanælla, තොගෙහවනලල* hevanælla, PL තොගෙහවන <1>, shake (tr.): hollanavaa 31 shall (gram, FUT): v-stem+nnam in 1SG and 1pl I shall go home: mama gedara yannam; We shall go home: api gedara yannam; When shallot: ර뗔 න ratu luunu, Allium ascalonicum L. <1> shallow (adj): තොගෙන nogæm buru; cf. ‘depth’ shame (n): ල觊ජව læjjaava, PL læjjaa (syn ‘shyness’, ‘restraint’), ල觊ජව lajjaava, PL lajjaa (syn ‘ Aren‘t you ashamed; what‘ll people say? læjjaa nædda, mokada minissu kiyanne? fear of ridicule or social disapproval, humiliation (‘shame-fear’): ල觊ජ බය lajjaa-baya We don’t want to lose face with our neighbours (lit. we don’t like to suffer shame in front of our neighbours): අ퇒 ම뗒 නහ අස්සු ලවසතොගෙය ඉස්සු ස්සු රහල觊ජǒ췒엊න. <1>; sharp (adj): තොගෙපන kæpana; 뗒න, 뗒නය tiyunu(yi) shave (v, Lit ‘cut the beard’): NPT-IND ǔල පනව rævula kapanavaa, PT r. kæpuvaa, PP r. kapalaa, IMP r. kapanna, NPT-REL r. kæpana, PT-REL r. kæpapu S277; NPT-IND බනව baanavaa CS English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 156 she (he): eyaa R1 (syn. ‘he’), PL eyaalaa; ඇය** æya**, ඕතොගෙතොගෙම** ootomoo** her DAT: එයට eyaaTa her ACC: එයව eyaava; ඇයව** æyava her GEN: එයතොගෙග* eyaagee; ඇයතොගෙග æyagee she-demon: yakiniya she-devil (n): yakşanii, PL yakşaniyoo S483 shell: kata shine (v, INV, about sun or moon): පයනව paayanavaa R31, cf. ‘rise, of the sun’ Rainbow is seen (lit ‘A rainbow is shining’): තොගෙ뷊뷔엊න槊 පයනව; The sun shines: ira paayanavaa. DG70; Rain ceases: වස්සු ස්සු පයනව. CS ship (n): නව næva R30 shirt (n): ෂට එ şarT-eka [səəT-eka] , GEN şarT-ekee, ස්සු ය kamisee R23A6 (orig. Port. ‘camisa’) shit (n): 槊 kakka, 槊 kakkaa (syn ‘excrement’) CS shoe (n): ස්සු පත뗔ව sapattuva R29, PL sapattu (orig. Port. ‘sapáto’) shop (n): ස්සු 퇊퇔ව saappuva (of urban type) R30, FGdS223; තොගෙ kaDee (village shop) R6, PL kaDa/kaDaval; ඩ퇒ළ little shop in village <1> Shops close at five: pahaTa saappu vahanavaa. DC117 go shopping (v): saappu yanavaa FGdS223 keep shop, tend shop (v): kaDee karanavaa shop-keeper (n): ඩරය kaDakaarayaa R6, දල mudalaali (orig Tamil), තොගෙවතොගෙළ엊ද velendaa, PL velendo The village merchants take away ‘home-grown’ things to sell in town: gamee.LOC velendo gamee.LOC vanana.NPT-REL deeval vikunanna TavumaTa geniyanavaa. SdS1 shore (n): තොගෙඩ goDa (syn. ‘land’, ‘pile’, ‘heap’) Shorea spp.: dun Shorea cordifolia (Bot., sub-canopy TRF tree): kotikan beraliya; Shorea distichta (Bot., canopy TRF tree): තොගෙබරය beraliya; Shorea gardneri: ratdun; Shorea megistophylla (Bot., emergent/canopy TRF tree): honda beraliya; Shorea stipularisi: hulan idda; Shorea trapezifolla: yakahalu dun; S. trapezifolia or Doona trapezifolia (Bot., Dipterocarpacea): yakahalu; short (adj): 鷒 miTi (s. vertically), තොගෙට koTa R5 (s. horizontally, temporally) short of (adv): හඟ hiňga, cf. ‘deficient’ shortage, cf ‘deficiency’ shoulder: උරහස්සු urahisa, ර kara [kara] PROV: The pumpkin thief can be known by his shoulder.INST: 퇔හල තොගෙහර තොගෙර엊 දතොගෙ엊. JBD4:243 shout (v): NPT-IND aňDa gahanavaa R26; shout (vi): NPT-IND හනව kæægahanavaa [kæægahanəva], PT kæægæhuvaa, PP kæægahalaa, IMP kæægahanna S431, S277 She shouted “Get lost!”: "යනව ය엊න!" ඇය හව. <1>, show (vt): NPT-IND තොගෙප엊නනව pennanavaa R18, PT pennuvaa, PP pennalaa, IMP pennanna! S360 The other boys pointed at him.ACC and laughed: අ엒ත ළමය එයව තොගෙප엊නල හන ǔණ. <1> The mother is showing the child.DAT the cattle.ACC: අමම ලමයට හර槔엊ව තොගෙප엊නනව. JWG2:66 shower (n): væssa, PL væsi; shavar eka [shavər ekə] (in a bathroom) shramadana: ශ්‍රමදනය shramadaanaya, PL shramadaana, Litmeaning ‘sharing of labour’, ‘to donate effort’ <1>, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 157 shrimp (n): ඉස්සු ස්සු issaa, PL ඉස්සු තොගෙස්සු isso <1>, shrine: daagaba, i.e. 퇖ජ ස්සු ථනය puujaa sthaanaya (Lit ‘place of worship’) mini-shrine: shrine room (n, Budd): ǒහරය vihara shrub land (n, Agric, i.e. dry zone ecotype): ලඳ landa; jungle scrub: ල췔 ලව; thicket scrub: ල췔 ල; scrub land: ල췔 �ම shy (adj): cf. ‘ashamed’ become shy (v): læjja venavaa <1> sick man: leDa minihaa, leDaa 22 sickle (n): දත dæækætta, PL dæækæti FSI:2:285 <1>, <2>, <3>, Men cut grass with the sickles: minissu dæækætivalin.PLINST tanakola kapanavaa SP2:13 sickness (n): cf. ‘illness’ Sida acuta L (Bot., medicinal pl): ස්සු බ�ල gas bæbila <1>, Sida alba L (Bot, medicinal pl): kotikan bevila Sida cordifolia L. (Bot, medicinal pl, ): ස � බ�ල sulu buu bæbila <1>, side (n, syn. ‘area’): පත pætta R15A29, GEN pætte, PL pæti, this side: mehaa, metara, megoDa R29 that side: etara, epiTaha, egoDa, ehaa R29, on that side: egoDaha R29 sieve / sift (vt, Norw. ‘sile’, ‘sikte’): NPT-IND හලනවා nayaTadenavaa(Lit‘giveadebt’)47 halanavaa (syn. ‘drop/let fall a liquid’), PT hæluvaa, PP halalaa, IMP halanna S277 sign (vi): NPT-IND අතස්සු 엊 රනව atsan karanavaa S571/ අස්සු ස්සු 엊 රනවassan karanavaa NeLC8, PT a. kalaa, signal (n): ස්සු ල槔ණ salakuna (syn. ‘sign’) ‘sil’ (Bud.): සල moral observance or obligation, prescribed duty, precept, virtue, cf. ‘seela bhavana’ ‘sila’ (n, Bud.): ීලය siilaya, i.e. virtue; PL ීල siila, i.e. morality <1>, <2>, silent (adj): 엒හඬ nihaňDa; cf. ‘voice’; 엒ශශ ෂ ෂ�ද‍ nishşabda, cf. ‘why’ silence (n): 엒හ뇒ය nihæňDiyaa DC84 silk (n): පට paTa, පටතොගෙර뷒 paTaredi; තොගෙස්සු දතොගෙර뷊ද/ තොගෙර뷒 seeda redda / pl. redi <1>, <2>, silk trade: තොගෙස්සු ද තොගෙවළඳම; silk road: තොගෙස්සු දමව<1> silk worm (n): පට ප귔ව (syn ‘cocoon’) <1>, sericulture: පටප귔 වව; පටප귔ව엊 ඇ뗒 කම similar to (adj, dependent n.DAT): ස්සු මන samaana Toddy is similar.AM to beer.DAT: raa biiravalaTa samaanayi. FGdS2:118 I met a gentleman like my uncle.DAT: maTa apee maamaaTa samaana mahattayek hamba unaa. FGdS2:118 dissimilar (adj): asamaana simple (adj): ස්සු රල sarala It’s a simple idea: ඒ ස්සු රල අදහස්සු 槊; They have a simple.AM lifestyle (lit. ‘pattern of life’): ඒ තොගෙලල엊තොගෙ 觓වන රටව ස්සු රලය. <1> since (conj): 엒ස්සු nisaa, cf. ‘because’ Since there is no work, (he) may come: væDa næti nisaa samaharaviTa eevi. FGdS206 sing (vti):; NPT-IND ස엊뷔 කයනව sindu kiyanavaa, PT s. kiivaa, PP s. kiyalaa, IMP s. kiyanna! In the afternoon, we play and sing: havasa api sellam-karanavaa sindu-kiyanavaa SG chant (v, Budd.): 燓 යනව They were singing in/on the street: ඒ අය පතොගෙර ස뷔 කය කය හ鷒ය. <1> singular (adj, gram., ‘number’): ඒවච ekavacana Sinhaladipa (n): siŋhaladiipa (lit. ‘island of the Sinhalas’) English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 158 ‘Sinhala Only Act’ (n): සහල පමණය පන or ස්සු වභාෂාවල් දැනගන්ෂ පන svabhaasaa panata; The Official Languages Act No.33 of 1956. ස්සු වභාෂාවල් දැනගන්ෂව (n): native language, vernacular Sinhalese: සහල siŋhala [siŋhələ] SP1:15 (observe the closed sound of ‘hayannə’ හ hə!) What do you call it in Sinhalese? eekaTa siŋhalen kiyanne mokak-da? FGdS335 What do you say in Sinhala.INST for what this person is doing.DAT? තොගෙමය රන එට සහතොගෙල엊 කය엊තොගෙ엊 තොගෙම뷊ද? FSI2:31 spoken Sinhala/Sinhala Prakrit: සහල ප්‍රය siŋhala praakrita (lit ‘natural/original sinhala’) Sinhalese (man): siŋhalayaa FGdS353, PL siŋhalayo Sinhalese writing system, alphabet: Siŋhala HooDiya <1>, complete writing system: එᗔ තොගෙහꗒය Elu HooDiya; consist of 54 basic characters. It includes 18 vowel characters and 36 consonant characters. Sinharaja: සහරඡය siŋharaajaya sink (n): ස엊槊 එ sink eka MAs46 sink (vti): NPT-IND 燒තොගෙලනව gilenavaa, PT gillunaa, Even if the boat sinks.CONC, the band still plays on busily: næva gillunat bææn cuun. G103 Sir (n), cf. ‘man’, ‘gentleman’, ‘Mister’, ‘Mrs’ Siripala Gamage: සපල මතොගෙග siripaala gamagee [siripaalə gaməge] sister (n): ස්සු තොගෙහදය sahoodariya, PL ස්සු තොගෙහදතොගෙය sister, younger (n): න燓 naŋgi, PL න燒ල naŋgilaa; න燒තොගෙය naŋgiye.VOC, sister, elder (n): akkaa, PL akkaalaa sister-in-law (n): නන næænaa We call the person married to our ayya, ‘næænaa’: අයය බඳල ඉ엊න එ槊තොගෙනට අ퇒 කය엊තොගෙ엊 නන කයල. FSI2:160 sit (vti, ir): NPT-IND වꗒතොගෙවනව vaaDivenavaa, PT v.unaa, PP v.velaa, IMP v.venna S125 Please be seated for a while, Sir: මහතය තොගෙපඩ槊 වꗒ තොගෙවනන. Please sit down. What’s the problem? vaaDi venna, asaniipe mokakda? NeLC4 sit down (reflexive vi, ir): NPT-IND ඉඳ엊නව iňda gannavaa sitting room (n): ස්සු ලය saalaya [saalee] (syn. ‘hall’) MAs46 <1>, situated (adj): pihiTi (from ‘pihiTanavaa’) be situated (vi): NPT-IND pihiTanavaa, PT pihiTiyaa, PP pihiTilaa, IMP pihiTanna S328 Moratuwa is situated.EMP to the south.AM of Ratmalana.DAT**: තොගෙමර鷔ව 퇒හට 뗒තොගෙබ엊තොගෙ엊 රතමලනට ද槔귔ය.** <1> situation (n): අවස්සු ථව avasthaava MAs319 (syn. ‘case’, ‘chance’, ‘circumstance’, ‘occation’, ‘stage’, ‘state’); cf. ‘position’ In (while) difficult situations, my parents always tried to put on a brave face (lit ‘to stay hiding fear’): අම අවස්සු ථවල뷒, මතොගෙ තොගෙදමNJ퇒තොගෙය හම තොගෙවලතොගෙවම උතස්සු හ තොගෙළ බය槊 තොගෙනතොගෙප엊ව ඉ엊න. <1> six: හය haya R9 six people: hayadenaa R11 sixteen: දහස්සු ය dahasaya, දස්සු ය daasaya R18 sixth (ordinal number): හයතොගෙව엒, හයව엒 sixty (n): හට hæTa R20 sixty- (n): hæTa .... Siyambalagoda (village near Pitabeddara): ‘the town with tamarind trees’; S. East: සයඹලතොගෙඩ නතොගෙනහර skilled (adj): cf. ‘clever’ English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 159 skin (n): හම hama, PL ham; හම 뷔 පට දතොගෙව හරල න뷊ද? <1>; තොගෙපත potta, PL , GEN potte (syn ‘bark’, ‘crust’, ‘husk’, ‘peel’, ‘shell’) skirt (n): ස්සු ය saaya (Port. ‘sáya’) sky: ahasa [aasə], ආශය aakaashaya SP1:2 ‘slang’ (n): අස්සු මම සහල asammata siŋhala, Lit ‘unauthorized sinhala’ <1> sleep (n): 엒엊ද ninda R18; doyi, doyi yannǝ, baji (CDS, child directed speech) asleep (adj): 엒뷒 nidi R28 The baby is sleeping, isn’t he/she? බබ 엒뷒 තොගෙ엊ද? <1> sleep (vi, ir., i.e. ‘go to sleep’): NPT-IND 엒ද 엊නව nidaagannavaa R25, PT n. gattaa, PP n. gena, IMP n. ganna! S127, Father goes to bed at nine everyday: taattaa hæmadaama namayaTa nidaa gannavaa (intentional) <1> sleep (v): 엒뷒යනව nidiyanavaa; (vi) �뷒යනව budiyanavaa R28A7 ‘go to bed’ (colloq): nindaTa yanavaa MAs73 cause to sleep (vb., INV, ie ‘put to sleep’): doyi karanavaa* (CDS) mother, please put me to sleep: ammi maava.ACC doyi karanna (CDS) sleep (related to Buddhist monks): sætapenavaa slim (adj): cf ‘thin’ slippers: ‘Batas’, ‘Bata slippers’; brand name for rubber slippers slow (adv): හ엊* himin S572 a slow (adj) train: himin yana.NPT-REL koocciyak slowly (adv): hemin hemin DC90, හ엊* himin*, හ ස්සු තොගෙ* himiŋ særee*, හට himiiTa CS; තොගෙභාෂාවල් දැනගන්හට hemihiTa DG45 sluice (n, syn. ‘tank sluice’, ‘sluice gate’): (වතොගෙNJ) තොගෙස්සු තොගෙරNJව (vævee) sorovva <1>, sly (adj, Norw. ‘slu’): ප鷒 kapaTi MAs322 small (adj): තොගෙපꗒ poDi, 퇔ච puŋci R3, 槔ඩ kuDaa SdS1; හ臊ච hicci (Ru DIAL JBD4:137) The house we are in now is rather small.AM (lit ‘we now exist-(ANIM)-REL house somewhat small-ASSM): api dæŋ inna gee Tikak poDiyi ‘small person’: තොගෙපඩ poDDaa in a small way (adv): තොගෙපꗒයට poDiyaTa FGdS253 very small (adj.): singiti DC57 make smaller (vt): NPT-IND 퇔ච රනව puŋci karanavaa R14, PT p. kalaa, PP p. karalaa, IMP p. karanna! smallpox (n, Med Variola major and Variola minor, Norw ’kopper’): වූය Some.DAT have smallpox: ස්සු මහ엊ට වූය. JBD4:71 smell (n, syn ‘incense’): සවඳ suvaňda, GEN suvaňde The flower smells good: මල සවඳය. <1> Notice this cigar’s aroma: mee suruTTuve.GEN suvaňda balanna. FGdS13 There is a good smell coming from the kitchen: kussiya pætten.ABL suvandak enavaa. DC118 bad smell (n): ඳ gaňda smile (n): හනව hinaava <1>, smile (vi, syn. ‘laugh’): NPT-IND හන තොගෙවනව hinaa venavaa R28, PT h.unaa, PP h. velaa, IMP h. venna S125 She smiled with me: eyaa maa ekka hinaavunaa. S508 The child smiled at his mother gratefully: ළමය එයතොගෙ අමම එ槊 ස්සු 뗔뗒퇖වව හන උන. <1> They laughed at me: eyaalaa maTa hinaavunaa. S508 smithy (n): මමල kamala English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 160 PROV: One who is accustomed to any catastrophe (lit ‘like the dog in the smithy.LOC’): මමතොගෙල බලල වතොගෙ. JBD4:233 smoke (vi): 뷔ම dum gahanavaa R27, 뷔ම තොගෙබනව dum bonavaa I'd rather you didn't smoke. ඔය 뷔ම තොගෙනතොගෙබනව නම මම වꗒය ම뗒ය. <1> smoke (a cigarett): sigareTT bonavaa get smoked (v, INV): pevenavaa (syn ‘be drunk’) As for me, I smoke about twenty (cigarettes) involuntarily: maTa.DAT nam vissak vitara pevenavaa. <1> smoking (n): dum biima Smoking is prohibited! dum biima tahanam! smoke rack (n): 뷔ම මස්සු ස්සු dum mæssa, i.e. two main shelves above the hearth, used for storing firewood, foodstuff and baskets <1> snake (n, syn ‘serpent’): ස්සු පය sarpayaa, PL sarpaya; නය naya When serpents have bitten someone, they hide so that no one can find them, don’t they? ටහ 퇔 ම ස්සු පය තොගෙතොගෙහහ හ엊තොගෙනව තොගෙ엊? snakegourd (n): පතොගෙල patoola sneak in (without paying) (v, colloq ‘slang’): ඉ�බට යනව ubbaTa yanavaa, i.e. travelling in public transportation without paying sneeze (n, Norw ‘nys’): කහ kim buhu sneeze (v): කහම යනව kim buhun yanavaa v, Norw ‘nyse): කහ엊 අනව snore (v): NPT-IND තොගෙරවනව goravanavaa (syn. ‘roar’), cf. ‘thunder’ (v) snow (n, syn ‘ice’): හම hima snow (vi, i.e. snow falling): NPT-IND හම වතොගෙටනව hima væTenavaa CS, PT h. væTunaa, PP h. væTilaa, INF=IMP h. væTenna, GER h. væTiima (‘snow fall’) S286, When it snows, it’s very beautiful: හම වතොගෙටනතොගෙට, ලස්සු ස්සු නය. MAs173 so: itiŋ, 엒ස්සු nisaa He goes, so you go also: එය යන 엒ස්සු ඔයත ය엊න. <1> soap: ස්සු බ엊 saban (orig. Port. ‘sabão’); cf. ස්සු බ엊 ��ළ <1> socialism (n): ස්සු මජවදය samaajavaadaya socialist: samasamaaja vaadiyaa society (n): ස්සු මජය samaajaya We live in a hectic/turbulent society: අ퇒 觓වත තොගෙව엊තොගෙ엊 ලබල ස්සු මජය槊. <1> sociology: ස්සු මජ ǒදව samaaja vidyaava (syn ‘sociology’) sofa (n): ǒ臊චය kavicciya; තොගෙස්සු පව** soofaa* soft (adj): ම뷔 mrudu, තොගෙමතොගෙළ槊 melek, තොගෙමතොගෙළ槊 molok S179 soil (n): පස්සු pasa, උඩ පස්සු uDa pasa topsoil: ම뗔퇒ට පස්සුmatupiTa pasa; soil erosion (lit soil eroding.GER): පස්සු තොගෙහද යම Solanum spp (n, Bot): soldier (n): තොගෙස්සු ලද뷔වsoldaaduvaa (Port. ‘soldádo’) soldiers’ and toddy tappers’ caste (n): 뷔රව 槔ලය duraava kulaya <1>, go solid: gal venavaa 19 solve (vt): NPT-IND ǒස්සු ඳනව visaňdanavaa, PT ǒස්සු 췔න, PP solution (n): ǒස්සු 췔ම visaňduma some (pron): ස්සු මහ samaharu R19, samaharun.ACC; තොගෙපල槊 pelak K85; වය槊 vagayak FGdS226 some people: samahara minissu / minissu samaharak <1> Some of the papers are published in English: ස්සු මහර පතර අ臊ච හ엊තොගෙ엊 ඉග්‍රීග්‍රීසතොගෙය엊‍ . FSI2:194 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 161 Some people have a lot of land: තොගෙපල槊 අයට හඟ槊 ඉඩ 뗒තොගෙයනව. K85 Some of our relatives live there: ehee innavaa apee næædææyo vagayak. FGdS226 Some child came yesterday: ǔහ ලතොගෙම槊 ඊතොගෙය ආව. CS somebody: kavuruvat somehow (adv): තොගෙතොගෙහම හ kohoma hari S211, FGdS259 ‘Somehow, please give him this’: තොගෙම තොගෙතොගෙහම හ එයට තොගෙද엊න. NeLC13 Somehow come tomorrow: heTa kohoma hari enna. S211 someone (pron, appearing in affirmative contexts): kavda R30, kavdat R30A18, kavdoo R30 (-doo signifies doubt, curiosity, anxiety); kavuru hari [kauru hari] S211, cf. ‘no-one’ There is someone (suspicious) at that place! etana kavudoo inneva! S199 Someone will do it: eeka kavuruhari kerayi. S211 to someone: kaaTahari.DAT. Tell someone (about it): kaaTahari kiyanna. S211 someone: kaavahari.ANIM.ACC. Look for someone: kaavahari balanna. S211 from someone: kaagenhari.ABL. Ask from someone: kaagenhari ahanna. S211 someone’s: kaageehari.GEN. Bring someone’s book: kaageehari potak geenna. S211 with someone: kaa ekkahari. Come with someone: kaa ekka hari enna. S211 Someone went to the village: kavuru hari gamaTa giyaa. <1> something: mokakda, mokut R30, monavaahari S210, mokakhari There is something (being kept) on the table!: meesee uDa mokakda tiyanavaa! S199 Something (unidentified) fell: mokak-da væTunaa. <1> Tell Pamela something: paamelaaTa monavaahari kiyanna. S210 I’ll bring (you) something to drink: bonna mokut geennam. FGdS224 Do you have something (an idea) in mind? ඔයතොගෙ හතොගෙත තොගෙම槊 හ අදහස්සු 槊 뗒යනවද? <1> some things: monavaada R30 sometimes: තොගෙවලවට velaavakaTa R27, තොගෙවලව velaavaka FGdS274; ස්සු මහර තොගෙවලවට samahara velaavaTa; cf. ‘once in a while’ We.DAT sometimes have to go to Colombo to buy clothes: ස්සු මහර තොගෙවලවට අපට ඇ췔ම 엊න තොගෙළඹ ය엊න තොගෙවනව. <1>, somewhat (adv, syn. ‘fairly’, ‘moderately’, ‘to some extent’): රම槊 taramak FGdS134, taramak duraTa FGdS290 This one (I) understand somewhat: meeka taramak teerenavaa. FGdS134 The language is somewhat different: baaşaava taramak duraTa venas. FGdS290 somewhere: kohe-da R30, koheehari S210 Let us go somewhere: api koheehari yamu. S210 from somewhere.ABL: තොගෙතොගෙහ엊 හ. BH28 (He) is somewhere else (lit ‘an outside-area’): (එය) 퇒ට පල ඉ엊නව. CS son (n): putaa R11, R12A24, PL putaalaa, puttu FGdS69 ‘chuty putha’: ච鷒 퇔 cuuTi putaa, Lit ‘small son’ Sonneratia caseolaris L. (Bot., 10-17 m mangrove tree): kirala song: sinduva, PL sindu love-song: prema giitaya devotional song (syn. ‘carol’): භාෂාවල් දැනගන්槊뗒 燓ය bhakti giitaya, PL b. gii, e.g. තොගෙවස්සු 槊 භාෂාවල් දැනගන්槊뗒 燓 <1> soon (adv, syn. quickly, apace, promptly): ǒස්සු ටvigasaTa, ǒහට vigahaTa, ǒජහට vijahaTa R8 In a few days’ time we will go to Nuwara Eliya: laňgadi api nuvaraeliye yanavaa. S214 as soon as (adv, syn. ‘at once’): හ鷒තොගෙම hæTiyema R21; v.PT.VADJ/PP.VADJ + hæTiye JWG2:151 As soon as the dance has finished, come home: න鷔ම ඉවර උන හ鷒තොගෙය තොගෙදර එ엊න; As soon as the taxi comes, call me: ට槊සය ආ퇔 හ鷒තොගෙය මට ර엊න. JWG2:151 as soon as (adv.): verb.PP-REL + gaman S148 Pamela went to sleep as soon as she had her meal: pamelaa kaapu gaman nidaa gattaa. S148 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 162 The son studies (his lessons) as soon as he comes home: 퇔 තොගෙදර ආව ම පඩ රනව. CS sore (adj): sorghum (n, Agric, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench): රල ඉ緔 karal iriňgu, තොගෙස්සු ම soogam <1> sorrow (n, syn. ‘grief’, ‘regret’, ‘sympathy’): න鷔ව kanagaaTuva, PL kanagaaTu; cf. ‘regret’ sorry: ස්සු ම තොගෙව엊න sorry (adv): 뷔ය dukayi.AM; න鷔ය kanagaaTuyi.AM I am sorry for you: oba gæna maTa dukayi.AM. We are very sorry that your father fell sick: oyaagee taattaa asaniipa vuna.PT-REL eka gæna apiTa hari kanagaaTuyi.AM. S213 I’m sorry to leave: maTa yanna kanagaaTuyi.AM <1> feel sorry: න鷔 තොගෙවනව Sorry, I am late: න鷔ය මම පර槊槔ය. CS I won’t be sorry to leave: maTa yanna kanagaaTu venne næhæ <1> sour (adj): ඇල æm bul; also acid, sharp soursop (n, fruit): 鷔 අතොගෙනද kaTu anoodaa <1>, south: ද槔귔 dakunu, dakuna R15, e.g. ද槔귔 තොගෙයව I am from the South. But I work.NPT.EMP in the eastern Province: mama dakune. namut rassava karanne nægenahira palaate. FGdS289 Southerner (n, lit ‘son of Ruhuna’): හ귔 퇔, PL හ귔 퇔ත뗔 JBD4:136 Southern Expressway (n, syn ‘Southern Lanka Express Highway’): ද槔귔 අ쇒තොගෙNJ燓 මය. <1> The S. E. W. opens today: ද槔귔 අ쇒තොගෙNJ燓 මය අද ǒව තොගෙවය.** <2> Southern province: ද槔귔 පළ dakunu palaata; consists of 3 districts, Galle, Matara and Hambantota <1>, <2>, Southeastern part of Sri Lanka (n, i.e. old name for Monaragala and lower Uva): 뷒 මඬලල JBD4:143 southwest: nirita southwestern: niritadiga in southwestern Sri Lanka: niritadiga srii laŋkaavee sow (vt): cf. ‘broadcast’; NPT-IND ව퇔රනව vapuranavaa, PT væpuruvaa (ව퇔රNJව vapuravvaa, Ka DIAL JBD4:139), PP vapuralaa, IMP vapuranna S313 <1>, What (do you) say in Sinhala for what the farmer doing? තොගෙǒය රන එට සහතොගෙල엊 කය엊තොගෙන තොගෙම뷊ද? Sowing rice: Ǔ ව퇔රනව. FSI2:33 sow (vt, syn ‘spray’, ‘broadcast’, ‘sprinkle’): NPT-IND ඉහනව ihinavaa / ඉසනව isinavaa, PT issaa, PP , INF=IMP isanna, sowing machine (n): �ජ ව퇊රය biija vapkaraya <1>, <2>, soybean: boomæ Soymida febrifuga (Bot., medicinal pl): rohana <1>, space: iDa R6, iDa kaDa SP2:86 spade (n, agric): ඉස්සු තොගෙ퇊පය iskooppaya (syn ‘scoop’, ‘shovel’, orig Dutch ‘schop’) special (adj): ǒතොගෙශෂ visheeşa They are an ordinary family: ඒ පǔතොගෙල කය엊න ǒතොගෙශෂය槊 නහ. <1> ‘Kævum’ is a special meal: ‘ǔම’ කය엊තොගෙන ǒතොගෙශෂ ම槊. MAs100 specialist (n): ǒතොගෙශෂඥය visheeşajñayaa speech: ථව kataava, PL kataa Don’t ask me (about) the things said in the talk: magen.ABL ahanna epaa kataavaTa.DAT kiyaapu.PP-REL deeval. FGdS376 speed: ikman R27 (cf. ‘quickly’) PROV: Impatience does not pay (lit ‘haste is short.AM’): ඉ槊ම엊 තොගෙටය. JBD4:225 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 163 speak (v): NPT-IND ථ රනව kataa karanavaa R21, PT k. kalaa, PP k. karalaa, IMP k. karanna, GER ථ කම (‘talking’) Today, we speak Sinhalese: ada api siŋhala kataakaranavaa SG Let’s speak Sinhala: siŋhala kataakaramu SP1: Kumar came here and called me: Kumaar mehe ævillaa.PP, maTa kataa keruvaa. Speak slowly and clearly තොගෙහ엊 ස්සු හ තොගෙපතොගෙහ뷒ව ර엊න. Speak loudly: හයතොගෙය엊 ර엊න. <1> spectacles (n), cf. ‘glasses’ spend money (vti): ස්සු ල තොගෙවනව salli gevanavaa CS (syn ‘pay), cf. ‘pay’; NPT-IND ǒයදම රනව (syn ‘expend’, ‘disburse’, ‘open one’s purse’) Sphaeranthus indicus L. (Bot., medicinal herb): ꗔමහන muDumahana <1>, spices (n), cf ‘condiment’ ‘blended spice’ (n, idiom): 뗔නපහ tuna-paha, Lit ‘three + five’ DC88, <1>, spider: ම槔ᗔව makuluvaa SP1:11, PL ම槔තොගෙව spinach, cf. ‘Basella alba’ spirit of departed one (n, Budd): තොගෙප්‍රතොගෙප්‍රය‍ preetaya; the only pretas of whom people usually think and with whom they interact, are their own dead relations; භය bhuutayaa (syn. ‘ghost’, ‘being’, ‘demon’) JS167 spit (v): තොගෙළ හනව kela-gahanavaa SP2:38 spittoon (n): පꗒ槊ම paDikkama Grandmother chewed betel and spat into the spittoon: aacci bulat kaalaa paDikkamaTa kela gæhævvaa SP2:38 <1>, split (v): NPT-IND 퇔퇔රනව pupuranavaa, PT pipiruvaa DC67 split (vt): NPT-IND පලනව, පළනව palanavaa, PT pæluvaa, PP palalaa, IMP palanna, GER පළම pæliima S277, be splitted? (vi, passive): NPT-IND පතොගෙළනව pælenavaa, PT pælunaa, PP pælilaa, IMP pælenna S286 spoken (adj), cf ‘colloquial’ Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz. (Bot., medicinal, Eng. ‘wild mango’, ‘hog plum’): ඇඹලල æm barællaa <1> spoon (n): හ엊ද hænda, PL හ췒 hæňdi R23 Put one spoon: hændak daana. FGdS225 Take this drug two table spoonfulls: varakaTa meesa hæňdi deka gaane mee behet bonna NeLC4; varakaTa (adv), i.e. ‘at a stretch’, ‘all together’ spout (n), cf. ‘gutter’ spray (vt, syn ‘sow’, ‘broadcast’, ‘sprinkle’): NPT-IND ඉහනව ihinavaa / ඉසනව isinavaa, PT issaa, PP , INF=IMP isanna, Father is spraying insecticide: ත නශ ඉසනව. <1>, spread (tr.): elanavaa R26; spread (diseases) (vti): NPT-IND තොගෙබතොගෙවනව boovenavaa, PT Aids spread like that: ඒවතොගෙ엊 ඒස්සු තොගෙබතොගෙවනව Diseases spread from mosquitoes.ABL: maduruvangen leDa boo venavaa Mosquitoes breed because of water. Diseases spread because of mosquitoes: ව뗔ර හ엊ද ම뷔තොගෙව තොගෙබ තොගෙවනව. ම뷔තොගෙව හ엊ද තොගෙලඩ තොගෙබ තොගෙව엊ව. JBD4:328 spread out (vt): cf. ‘unroll’ sprout (v): පල තොගෙවනව pæla venavaa (Lit. ‘become plant/seedling’) square (adj, Mat. syn. ‘quadratic’): ව varga Our village is small, not more than four square miles: apee gama bohoma kuDaayi.AM. varga hætæpma hatarakaTa væDiye nææ. SdS squirrel (n): තොගෙලන leenaa SP1:19 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 164

Sri Lanka (n): ශ ලව shrii laŋkaava R15, GEN shrii laŋkaave (Tamil: இல柍ளை) பிரபாகரன்<1>,<2>,A
ﾔॾ戰ॿ
ﾬॾᤘঀ
鿨థ忨ॖ ॾﾴॾꣴଐxக <1>, <2>, <3>, in Sri Lanka: laŋkaave.LOC Sri Lankan (adj / n, citizen): laŋkaave Are those gentlemen Sri Lankans? ara mahatvaru laŋkaave da? (Lit ‘Are those gentlemen of Sri Lanka?’) FGdS276 Sri Lankan English (n): <1>, Sri Lanka Freedom Party: ශ ල 엒දහස්සු ප槊ෂය şrii laŋkaa nidahas pakshaya Sri Palee College: ශප sripaali college, Horana <1>, <2>, <3>, stadium (n): කඩනය kriiDaaŋganaya <1>, stairs (n): ර퇊퇔 tarappu (orig Dutch ‘trap’) <1>, පꗒතොගෙපළ paDipela (syn. ‘ladder’, ‘staircase’), e.g. ල පꗒතොගෙපළ <1>, stall: kaDee; cf. boutique stamp (n): muddaree, PL muddara Bring fifty cent stamps worth of five rupees: 퇒යල පහ ස්සු පනතොගෙහ 뷊දර තොගෙග엊ඩ. CS stand (n, Bot., e.g. ‘tree stand’): stand up (vi, ir): NPT-IND සට엊නව, හට엊නව hiTagannavaa R15, PT h.gattaa, PP h.gena, IMP h.ganna S127 Please tell that gentleman to stand up: අර මහතයට කය엊න හට엊න කයල. FSI2:24 star (n., inan.): taruva [taruvə], PL taru southern stars: ද槔귔  dakunu taru starfish (n): ර මව taarakaa maaluvaa <1> start (v), cf. ‘begin’ state (n): රජය, රජය raajaya, etym. ‘king’ (රජ) JS208; ආꗔව aanDuva (syn. ‘government’), station (n, i.e. railways): ඉස්සු තොගෙ鷊ස්සු ම isTeesama R22, GEN isTeesamee, PL ඉස්සු තොගෙ鷊ස්සු ම isTeesaŋ status (n); තවය tatvaya, cf. ‘position’ stay (n): During my stay.PT-REL in Europe, I visited some famous places. මම තොගෙරපතොගෙය හ鷒ය තොගෙල ස්සු මහර ප්‍රප්‍රස뷊ධ‍ 엊 බල엊න 燒ය. <1>, stay (vi, ir., syn. ස鷒නව siTinavaa**): NPT-IND හ鷒නව hiTinavaa* R5, PT hiTiyaa, PP hiTalaa R15, IMP hiTinna!, PT-REL hiTapu (Lit ‘that stayed’, i.e. ‘former’) S134 every place (they) were staying: hiTapu hiTapu tæna DC90 steal (vti): NPT-IND තොගෙහරම රනව horakam karanavaa R14, PT h. kalaa, PP h. karalaa, IMP h. karanna He is the boy that stole the money: එය මය ඒ ස්සු ල තොගෙහරම ර퇔 퇒 ළමය. steal (small items) (vt, colloq ‘slang’): NPT-IND ල රනව gal karanavaa Someone has sneaked out the pen from here: තොගෙමන 뗒�බ පන ǔ හ ල රල. <1> steel (n): යඩ steel (i.e. ‘iron’) <1>, වතොගෙ엊 vaanee <1>, stainless steel: ස뷔 යඩ CS stick (n, syn. cane, rod, stalk, stem): දඩ danDa, PL danDu R24 stick on (vt): NPT-IND alavanavaa (syn. ‘attach’, ‘affix’, ‘paste’) R22b26, PT , PP alavalaa, IMP alavanna Here are the stamps, fix them and give the letter back to me: තොගෙම엊න 뷊දර අලවල ම තොගෙද엊න. NeLC5 stick on (vi): ඇතොගෙලනව ælenavaa R22 still (adv, syn ‘yet’): වම tavama [taamə], (prep) ම taama R6, R8A24, FGdS207, tavamat SdS2; (adv) 엒රම nitarama, Nimal has not come yet: nimal taama ævit nææ. S201 Pamela is still not there! (more emphatic) paamelaa taamat nææ! I’m still a prisoner: මම වමත සරතොගෙව槊 - ස්සු රත තොගෙෆ්තො엊තොගෙස්සු . <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 165 stink (vi, lit. ‘bad smell hits’): NPT-IND ඳ හනව gaňda gahanavaa Oh, (you) stink! Ayyo gaňdayi! JS169 stir (vti, syn. ‘churn a mixture on fire with a big spoon’): NPT-IND හ췒නව hæňdigaanavaa R24A21, PT h.gæævaa, PP h.gaalaa, IMP h.gaanna S276 stomach: බඩ baDa R23, PL baDaval; bandija (CDS, child directed speech) stomach disorders: baDa amaaru Fish is not so good for stomach problems: karavala baDee amaaruvaTa.DAT hoňda nææ. SG diarrhea (n, syn ‘have loose motions’): බඩ යනව baDa yanavaa stone: ල gala R14, GEN galee, PL gal throw stones: gal gahanavaa R15B17 If you need stones for the new road, take (them) for there: alut paaraTa gal oona nam atanin ganna. FGdS246 ‘Where I go, there are enemies’ (prov., Lit ‘gone place - stones rain’): 燒ය න ල වහ. <1> PROV: Rolling stones.LOC gather no moss: තොගෙපරතොගෙළන තොගෙල පස තොගෙනබතොගෙඳ. JBD4:243 stone embankment /terrace: ල ව鷒ය, PL galvæTi <1>; build a stone embankment: ල ව鷒 බ췒නව. SdS89 stool (low, backless wooden s.): තොගෙතොගෙලම�ව kolombuva stop (vi, ir., syn. ස鷒නව siTinavaa**): NPT-IND හ鷒නව hiTinavaa* R5, PT hiTiyaa (හ鷊ට hiTTaa, Ka DIAL JBD4:139), PP hiTalaa R15, IMP hiTinna! S134 stop (vt): NPT-IND නවතනව navattanavaa R25, PT nævættuvaa, PP navattalaa, IMP navattanna! S381 The train doesn’t stop at our station: koocciya apee isTeesamee.LOC navattanne nææ. NeLC13 We stopped for lunch in/at Kalutara on our way to Galle. ලතොගෙල යන ම엊 අ퇒 දවල මට ᗔර නවත뗔ව. <1> stop by itself (vi, syn. ‘rest’, ‘stay’, ‘wait’): NPT-IND නව뗒නව navatinavaa R26, PT nævatunaa, PP nævatilaa, IMP navatinna! S310 Can one stay there (‘at that place’)? etana navatinna puluvaŋda? FGdS61 a hotel (in which) to stay.NPT-REL: navatinna hooTaleak Stay (stop) the whole vacation.EMP at our house: mulu nivaaDuvama apee gedara navatinna. FGdS184 This has to stop! තොගෙම නව뗒엊න ඕතොගෙ엊! stop by itself (vi, passive, syn. ‘cease’): NPT-IND නවතොගෙනව nævatenavaa, PT nævatunaa, PP nævatilaa, IMP nævatenna! S316 stop, expressing the sign of: hoov DC58 story (n): ව, ථව kataava, PL kataa the story about Sena: seena gæna kataava <1> When a story comes out of a man’s.GEN mouth.ABL: minihekgee kaTin [kaTiŋ] kataavak ena koTa <1>, Please tell me the whole story.AM: නර මට ᗔ වම කය엊න. <1> The story of the starfish: ර මᗔවතොගෙග ව. <1> It is not a Sri Lankan story that I am going.EMP to tell, but an Indian story: mama kiyanna yanne laŋkaave kataavak nemeyi, indiyaave kataavak. <1> straight: තොගෙ엊 kelin R26 Walk straight on Kalutara road.LOC: ᗔර පතොගෙර තොගෙ엊 ය엊න. MAs105 straight ahead along (adv): digee digaTama Go straight ahead along that road: oya paara digee digaTama yanna. FGdS325 strain (vt): NPT-IND තොගෙපරනව peranavaa R24, PT peruvaa, PP peralaa, IMP peranna! S301 strange (adj): අ뗔 amutu; cf. ‘visitor’, ‘guest’ English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 166 stream (of water, syn ‘brook’): ඔය oya, ඇළ æla, PL ælaval (PL ælaŋ DM DIAL JBD4:142); oya, theoretically in size between a ganga and an æla; ex. Hiyin Æla in Pallegama; තොගෙදළ dola, PL dolaval (PL dolaŋ DM DIAL JBD4:142); 뷒යපර diyapaara; street (n): Ǔ뷒ය viidiya R20; පර paara, PL paaraval; මව maavata strength (n, syn. ‘hardness’, ‘fastness’, ‘loudness’): හයය hayiya R17, වව vaaruva CS, strict (adj): særa R14 string (n, syn ‘thread’): නල nuula, PL nuul; ලනව lanuva, PL lanu string-hoppers: ඉ췒ආ퇊ප iňdiaappa <1>, stroke (n, Norw ‘strek’, ‘merke’): (syn ‘diacritics’, ‘vowel sign’) JBD4:554 vowel-stroke (n, syn ‘dependent vowel’): 퇒ලල, PL 퇒; æla-pilla ඇල퇒ලල: ්‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa [aa]; ketti æda-pilla ඇදය: ්‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa [æ]; diga æda-pilla: ්‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa [ææ]; ketti is-pilla ඉස්සු 퇒ලල: ්‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa [i]; diga is-pilla 뷒槊 ඉස්සු 퇒ලල: ්‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa [ii]; ketti paa-pilla ප퇒ලල: ්‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa [u] {examples: kon paa-pilla: න; vak paa-pilla: 槔; æda pilla: }; diga paa-pilla 뷒槊 ප퇒ලල: ්‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa [uu]; gæTa-pilla ට퇒ලල: ්‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa [ru]; kombuva: තොගේ‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa [e]; diga kombuva: තොගේ‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa [ee]; kombu deka: බ්‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa [ai]; kombuva haa æla-pilla: තොගේ‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa [o]; kombuva haa diga æla- pilla: තොගේ‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa [oo]; kombuva haa gayanukitta: තොගේ‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa [au]; gayanukitta: ්‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa [lii]; diga gæTa- pilla: ්‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa [ruu]; consonant-stroke (n): yaŋshaya යශය: sign for [y] comes after a consonant, example ස්සු (‘true’) rakaaraŋshaya රරශය: sign for [r] that comes after a consonant; ex. ශ්‍රි shri reephaya තොගෙඵය: sign for [r] that comes before a consonant {examples: marga }; has almost gone out of use. vowel remover (n): ්‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa called අල ල槔귔 al lakunu or හල කම hal kiriima <1>, koDiya තොගෙꗒය: ්‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa {e.g. 槊, ග, ත, ශ}; rææna: {e.g. 臊, 鷊, ම, NJ} strong (adj): særa R14 (spicy), හයය hayiya CS Strychnos nux-vomica L (n, Bot.): තොගෙඩ 뷔 , තොගෙඩ 췔 <1>, Strychnos potatorum (n, Bot): ඉ緒엒 iňgini, ingini, seeds of the tree are commonly used in traditional medicine as well as purifying water <1>, ෂෂය shişyayaa MAD, PL shişyayo MAs19; ස්සු 鷊ඩ엊鷊 තොගෙතොගෙන槊 sTyuDanTג :(student (n kenek MAs9 The student looks for the classroom: shişyayaa pantiya hoyanavaa. MAs6 study (e.g. a book, independently) (vt, ir): NPT-IND පඩම රනව paaDam karanavaa, PT p. kalaa, PP p. karalaa, IMP p. karanna S130; cf. ‘learn’ You eat rice now. Study later: oyaa dæn bat kanna.IMP. passe paaDam karanna.IMP NeLC The child is studying (in the process of doing her studies, i.e. ‘NPT-IND continuous’): lamayaa paaDam kara kara innavaa SP2:45 ‘learn by heart’ (vi): kaTapaaDam karanavaa (lit ‘read/study by mouth’) ‘stupa’ (from Sanskrit): ස්සු 뗖පය stuupa; දබ daagoba; බචය caityaya, PL බචතය caityə NeLC12; a mound-like structure containing Buddhist relics. The stupa of India and southeast-Asia evolved into the pagoda as Buddhism spread to other Asian countries. stupid (adj.): තොගෙම鷊ට mooTTa CS; mæTi; cf. ‘clay’ stupid (n): තොගෙමඩය moDayaa CS (syn. ‘fool’), PL තොගෙමඩතොගෙය You stupid boy! / Stupid boy! තොගෙමඩ තොගෙලල! <1> such (predeterminer): eevagee such a surprise: pudumayak eevagee <1> suck (vt): NPT-IND උරනව uranavaa, PT iruvaa DC67, PP uralaa, IMP uranna S298 be sucked (vi, syn. ‘be torn automatically’): NPT-IND ඉතොගෙරනව irenavaa, PT irunaa, PP irilaa, IMP irenna S296 suddenly: kaDaa 19A3, hiTi hæTiya 26A34, hadisiyemə, ekapaaraTama [ekǝpaarǝṭǝmǝ] subject (n): ǒෂය vişaya (syn ‘theme’, ‘topic’) English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 167 What are the subjects (that) you are doing.VA? oyaa karana vişaya monavaada? NeLC3 Without knowing the subject is, indeed, difficult to teach: ǒෂය තොගෙනදන උ엊නන එ මය අමය. <1> success (n): I wish you success (lit ‘May you increase.OPT your chances of future success’): tava tavat diyunu veevaa. DC260 successful (adj): ස්සු ථ saarthaka such as (): වතොගෙග vaagee languages such as Sinhala and Tamil: සහල තොගෙදමල වතොගෙග භාෂාවල් දැනගන්ෂවල. CS suffer (vti): NPT-IND ǒ췒නව viňdinavaa (syn ‘feel’, ‘pass through’), PT The fellow is really suffering these days: 엒හ තොගෙම දවස්සු වල හයට 뷔槊 ǒ췒නව. G77 suffering (Budd.): 뷔 duka, 뷔槊ඛ dukkha (also meaning pain, imperfection, impermanence, emptiness or insubstantiality; yad aniccam tam dukkham: whatever is impermanent, is dukkha; cf. ‘dukkha’ We endure suffering (lit. ‘we take on (ourselves) the pain of suffering’): api duk vinda gannavaa. DC138 suffering (n): ද rudaa (syn ‘pain’) You.DAT aren’t suffering from it, are you? oyaaTa æti rudaavak næ, nee? <1> sugar (n): ී엒 siini R21, GEN siinivala; e.g. the price of (the) sugar: ී엒වල න sugarcane: උ槊ස්සු , cf. ‘Saccharum officinarum’ suicide (n, Soc): සය뷒ǒ නස්සු 엓ම siya divi nasaa gæniima.GER a death.INDEF caused (occurred) by suicide.ABL: siya divi nasaa gæniim-en sidu vuu maranayak <1> suicide (v, to commit s.): vaaha / vasa bonavaa???; divi nahaa gannavaa DC187, <1>, suit (vti, syn ‘fit’): NPT-IND හයනව hari yanavaa R11A14, R13A16, PT h. giyaa, PP h. gihillaa, IMP h. yanna suit (vt, syn ‘adjust’, ‘combine’, ‘connect’, ‘unite’, ‘join two corresponding things’): NPT-IND ළපනව galapanavaa, PT gælapuvaa, PP galapalaa, IMP galapanna, GER ල퇓ම S309 suit (vi, syn. ‘be suitable’, ‘fit’, s.DAT): NPT-IND ලතොගෙපනව gælapenavaa, PT gælapunaa, PP gælapilaa, IMP gælapenna S316 suitable (adj): ස뷔ස sudusu, හ hari (syn ‘fit’) suitcase: ූ鷊තොගෙ槊ස්සු යsuuTkeesaya sum (n): ණන ganana R12, gaana* (i.e. total bill) S438, FGdS260 How much does everything cost? මතොගෙග ණන 槓ය ද? NeLC2 do sums (v, syn ‘calculate’, ‘count’): NPT-IND ණ엊 රනව ganan karanavaa R13, PT summer (n): උස්සු න තොගෙල (lit. ‘hot season’), 燒මහනය summon (vt): NPT-IND ඳවනව kæňdavanavaa R18, PT , PP , IMP summon (vt): NPT-IND සස රනව sitaasi karanavaa summons (n, PL, Norw. ‘innkalling’): සසය, සස, සස කම sitaasi kiriima (Port. ‘citaçáõ’) sun (n): ira R31, හ** hiru** CS sun rises (v): ඉර පයනව ira paayanavaa (lit. sun ‘dawns’); The sun rises in the east (lit ‘by the eastern side’): ඉර පය엊තොගෙ엊 නතොගෙනහර 뷒ස්සු තොගෙව엊 sun sets (v): ඉර බහනව ira bahinavaa; e.g. බ뷔ලතොගෙල엊 ඉර බහන හ鷒 <1> sun glass (n): ස්සු 엊ගලස්සු එ* K393, හ දව** MAD Sunday: ඉද iridaa R19 [irdaa] Sunday school (n): දහම පස්සු ල daham paasæl <1>, <2>, sunshine: අNJව avva R31; i.e. hot sun, strong sunlight It’s sunny: ද엊 අNJවය. <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 168 superlative degree (grammar): adj + -ma; cf. ‘-ma’; cf. ‘most’ The boy plucks the whitest flower: lamayaa sudu ma mala kaDanavaa. DG73 superviser (n): 엒ය, PL kaŋgaaniyo supply (vt): NPT-IND ලබ තොගෙදනව labaa denavaa (lit ‘acquire for sbd’) support (n): aadaare, PL ආධර aadaara FGdS2:4 support (v): NPT-IND aadaara denavaa, PT a. dunnaa, PP a. diilaa, INF=IMP a. denna the government.INST gives support for that.DAT: aanDuveŋ eekaTa aadaara denavaa support (v): NPT-IND ආදර රනව* SdS32 be supported (vi, INV, syn ‘be protected’, ‘earn a living’, ‘subsist’): NPT-IND තොගෙනව rækenavaa, PT rækunaa, PP rækilaa, INF=IMP rækenna S286 That child.INST (DIAL) supports his parents.ACC: ee lamayaagen demavpiyanva rækenavaa be supposed (v., s.DAT): I am supposed to go: maTa yanna tiyenavaa FGdS262 I was supposed to go: maTa yanna tiyunaa I suppose (): hema R17, syn. ‘ehema’; used to give slight additional emphasis or politeness to the word proceeding it; sometimes equivalent to ‘etcetera’; cf. ‘thus’ Don’t go again: tavat ehema yanne nææ How are you? Sæpa-saniipa ehema kohomada R17 ‘sure’: hari surely ( ): ඇ뗒 æti That child is surely poor: ඒ ළමය 뷔퇊පත ඇ뗒. CS surprise (or wonder), expressions of: ahaa, aai, aau DC58; 퇔뷔මය pudumaya (syn. ‘curiosity’) surprising (adj, syn. ‘peculiar’, ‘odd’, ‘remarkable’): 퇔뷔ම puduma He.DAT is surprised: eyaaTa pudumayi I.DIR got surprised: mama puduma unaa. <1> It is surprising that the lady scolded the child: noonaa lamayaaTa banina-eka pudumayi. GP52 surroundings (n, syn ‘environment’): වට퇒ටව vaTapiTaava <1> survive (v) තොගෙනම 角වත තොගෙවනව nomæri jivat venavaa <1> swallow (v): 燒නව gilinavaa swallow (unintentionally): NPT-IND pevenavaa (syn ‘get sipped’) The child.DAT unintentionally swallows.ANTIC.IND water: ළමයට ව뗔ර තොගෙපතොගෙවනව swan: හස්සු , හස්සු ය sweat (n): දꗒය daaDiya I am sweating: maTa daaDiya daanavaa <1> sweep, e.g. floor (v): pihadaanavaa R24, pihidaanavaa R24b; sweep, e.g. the yard (vt): NPT-IND අ뗔නව atugaanavaa SG, PT atugæævaa, PP atugaalaa, IMP atugaanna! S276; (Budd., related to monks) NPT-IND අම뷒නව amadinavaa <1>, Elder sister sweeps the yard: akkaa midula atugaanavaa SG While father was working in the garden, mother was sweeping the compound (simultaneous action!): taattaa vatte væDa kara kara [kərə kərə] innakoTa, (iddi) ammaa midula atugæævaa SP2:43 sweets (n, syn ‘sweetmeals’): රස්සු ǒ rasa kævili; ී엒තොගෙබල siiniboola, cf. ‘toffee’ sweet potatoes (n, PL only): බල batala (orig. Port. ‘batáta’) <1>, <2>, swim (vi): NPT-IND 퇓නනව piinanavaa R12, PT piinuvaa DC67, PP piinalaa, IMP piinanna! S292 switch (n): ස්සු ǒ臊 එ; switch on (vt): ස්සු ǒ臊 එ දනව; switch off (vt): ස්සු ǒ臊 එ ඕෆ්තො රනව sword (n, idiom): ꗔව kaDuva, cf. ‘English’ syllabus: silabas-eka K233 sympathy English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 169 my deepest sympathy (Lit ‘my firm/strong mourn/sorrow’) ! මතොගෙග දꗒ තොගෙශය magee dæDi shookaya! LP Symplocos cochinchinensis L (Bot, tree sp.): තොගෙබ හ boom bu gaha, i.e. with saw edge of leaves, Buddhist monks wash their robes in water, in which those leaves were boiled. Twigs of this plant is used as `toothbrushes' in rural Sri Lanka. CS <1>, <2>, system (n): ක්‍රමය kramaya [krǝmǝyǝ], PL krama [krǝmǝ] Syzygium rubicundum (Bot., ): maha kuratiya return to index

T 뗒 뗓 뗔 뗖 තොගෙ තොගෙත බ තොගෙ තොගෙ තොගෙ බ තොගෙ තොගෙ තොගෙ ta tā tæ tæ ti tī tu tū tṛ tṝ te tē tai to tō tau

ට ට ට ට 鷒 ට 鷔 ට ට ට තොගෙට තොගෙ鷊 බට තොගෙට තොගෙට තොගෙට බට තොගෙට ṭa ṭā ṭæ ṭæ ṭi ṭī ṭu ṭū ṭṛ ṭṝ ṭe ṭē ṭai ṭo ṭō ṭau

ඨ ඨ ඨ ඨ ඨ ඨ ඨ ඨ ඨ ඨ තොගෙඨ තොගෙඨ බඨ තොගෙඨ තොගෙඨ තොගෙඨ බඨ තොගෙඨ ṭha ṭhā ṭhæ ṭhæ ṭhi ṭhī ṭhu ṭhū ṭhṛ ṭhṝ ṭhe ṭhē ṭhai ṭho ṭhō ṭhau

ථ ථ ථ ථ 맒 ථ ථ ථ ථ ථ තොගෙථ තොගෙථ බථ තොගෙථ තොගෙථ තොගෙථ බථ තොගෙථ tha thā thæ thæ thi thī thu thū thṛ thṝ the thē thai tho thō thau

-t: emphatic suffix R2, R19A21, R30 -Ta: dative ending R2, R13A8, R22A11, R25 Tabernaemontana divaricata (Bot, TRF, ‘Crepe Jasmine’): ව뗔 ස뷊ද vatu sudda <1>, <2>, <3>, table: තොගෙමස්සු ය meesaya, meesee R5 (orig. Port. ‘mesa’)PL meesa, any four-legged t.; න퇊퇔ව kanappuva, any three-legged t. <1> tablet (n, syn. ‘pill’): තොගෙපත petta, PL තොගෙප뗒 peti I took two paracetamols: pærasiTamool peti dekak bivvaa NeLC4 Take a memory medicine (i.e. alcohol)! ම තොගෙපත槊 තොගෙබ엊න! CS tailor (n): ඇ췔ම මස්සු 엊න* æňdum masannaa* / æňdum mahannaa** <1> take (vti, ir., syn. ‘get’): NPT-IND 엊නව gannavaa, PT gattaa R10, PP aran* / gena**R15, IMP ganna, GER 엓ම gæniima S127, PRES.CON ganimin innavaa (is taking) SP1:111, FUT.XXX ganiivi; NPT- IND අර엊නව aragannavaa R15, R29b, PT , PP , IMP , තොගෙනඅර (without taking) will take: ganii R14 take the air: hulaŋ gæhenavaa R24A22 younger sister is taking a letter from the boy: naŋgi pirimi lamayaagen.INST lipiyak gannavaa SG English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 170 take (vt, ir): NPT-IND අර엊නව aragannavaa MAs319 (syn.’buy’), PT aragattaa, PP aragena, IMP araganna S127 Serve yourself (lit. ‘having taken yourself, eat’): අරතොගෙන 엊න. NeLC1 take away (vt, ir.): NPT-IND තොගෙ엒යනව geniyanavaa, PT geniccaa R15, PP genihillaa / genihin R15, IMP geniyanna! S138 Having picked the (tea) leaves, the females take (them) away to the factory: න ද ඩල ප槊තොගෙ鷊යට තොගෙ엒යනව. SdS89 talc powder (n): Talipot (palm tree): ල ස්සු tal gasa <1> talk (with) (v): -t ekka….. kataa karanavaa I want to talk a bit with the gentleman: maTa mahattayaat ekka Tikak kataa karanna oona. FGdS153 The people over there are talking, not working: අන 엒ස්සු ස ථ ර ර ඉ엊නව වඩ ර엊තොගෙන න. A61 ‘talks’ (n, idiom): kataa-bas, Lit ‘talk + word’, cf. ‘converse’ tall (adj): උස්සු usa R5 get tall: usa yanavaa R26, usa venavaa R26 -tama (suffix): ‘superlative’ DC85 clever: daksha; most clever: dakshatama DC85 favourite: pria; most favourite: priatama DC85 tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica L., Leguminosae): සයඹල siyam balaa; because of its dense foliage, the tamarind is considered the most cooling of trees <1>, <2>, the tamarind village: සයඹලතොගෙඩ ‘tambum’ (n, Med): ම�ම tæmbum, i.e. decoction including garlic, ginger, pepper, black pepper, coriander and thumeric, like a soup. Tamil (adj): තොගෙදමළ demala K38 Tamil person (n): තොගෙදමළ demalaa ‘Tamil Tigers’ (n): demala koTi <1>, ‘Tamil Eelam’ (n): තොගෙදමල ඊලම demala iilaam <1>, Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pullikal (n, Pol., abbr. ‘TMVP’): Vinayagamoorthy Muralitharan alias Karuna Amman formed this group (political party) after he quit the tigers (LTTE). There are currently (Dec 2008) two factions, the TMVP (Karuna) and the TMVP (Sivanesathurai Chandrakanthan alias Pillayan). Tamil National Alliance (n, pol, abbr. ‘TNA’): තොගෙදමළ ජ뗒 ස්සු 엊ධනය <1>, <2>, Tamil United Liberation Front (n, pol. abbr. ‘TULF’): 뷊රǒඩ එ槊ස්සු ත ǒ槊뗒 තොගෙපරණ <1>, Tangalle (n): ලල taŋgalla, coastal town in western Hambantota ‘tanha’ (Budd): හ craving, thirst, desire, attachment tank (artificial water reservoir): වව væva, e.g. Weliwewa [vælivæva], cf. ‘reservoir’; ල වව kalaa [kǝla] væva (lit. ‘constructed lake’); ටකය Tæŋkiya (syn. ‘cistern’) The fishes are swimming in the tank.LOC: maaluvo Tæŋkiye piinanavaa. DC118 The track of land just above a tank: වලල taavalla; to cultivate the t: taavalla gahanavaa The stone post set up in a tank to measure the level (aqueduct stone): 뷒යටපහණ The stone wall that controls the waves, to support the bund: ලපනව rælapanaava JBD4:145 -tara (suffix): ‘comparative’ DC85 many: bahu; many more, majority: bahutara DC85 cruel: kruura; crueler: kruuratara DC85 taro (Colocasia esculenta L, med.plant, Eng. syn ‘cocoyam’): හල gahala <1>, <2> tap (n., i.e. ‘water tap’, ‘cock’): රමය karaamaya [karaame] <1>; ට퇊 එ K393; payippee Turn the tap on (lit ‘open the pipe’): English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 171 tap (v): NPT-IND ම뷒නව madinavaa (syn ‘brush’, ‘iron’), PT mæddaa, PP mædalaa, IMP madinna S280; cf. ‘hang’ The toddy tapping man beats the flowers: ම뷒න 엒හ මල ළනව. JWG2:62 tape recorder: තොගෙ鷊퇊 තොගෙරතොගෙඩතොගෙ K393 taste (n): rasa* / raha** R23 tasty (adj): rasa / raha R23 deliciously (adv): rasaTa / rahaTa S485 The one you cooked is/was tasty: oyaa ivva eka rahayi. tax (n): බ뷊ද badda, PL බ뷔 badu (s, pl) <1>, <2>; (econ.) අයබ뷊ද ayabadda, PL අයබ뷔 ayabadu taxation (n): අයබ뷔 엓ම taxi (n, i.e. ’cab with a meter’): ට槊සය, ට槊৒ය Tæksiya**, Tæksi* <1>, GEN Tæksiye; 槔  එ kulii kaar eka (Lit ’hiring car’) tea (n, black): තොගෙත tee R1, tee vatura R10A23 (Camellia sinensis L.) <1>, <2>, <3>, tea pot: තොගෙතතොගෙප臊චය teepoocciya, PL teepoocci (orig. Dutch ‘theepotje’) plain tea (without milk): nikaŋ tee, හට තොගෙත kahaTa tee (syn. ‘strong tea’) light tea with milk: ස뷔 තොගෙත CS make (a cup of tea): tee(-ekak) hadanavaa tea plucker (n., Lit ‘tea fresh leaves plucker’): තොගෙත ද තොගෙනල엊엒ය? CS teach (vt, o.DAT): NPT-IND උ엊වනව උ엊නනව ugannanavaa, PT igænnuvaa, PP ugannalaa*, IMP ugannanna, GER igænniima (n, i.e. ‘teaching’), PL igænniiŋ; cf. ‘several’ Mr. Mendis teaches English to Chitra: mendis saar citraTa.DAT ingriisi ugannanavaa. <1> Is it difficult to teach (sth to) small children? poDi lamayinTa.DAT ugannana.NPT-REL eka amaaruda? Yes, it’s very difficult: ov, bohoma amaaruyi.AM. NeLC11 Who taught (you) Sinhala? සහල ǔද ඉ엊නතොගෙNJ? A gentleman named Saram taught me Sinhala: තොගෙස්සු රම කයල මහතතොගෙය槊 මට සස්සු ල ඉ엊නව. FSI2:179 teacher (n, male teacher): saar [səər]*; 燔වරය guruvarayaa (male t.) R10 <1>, 燔뗔ම gurutumaa (male) <2>, 燔뗔ය (female) <3>; ආචය aacaarya head teacher: mul guruvarayaa, ල燔 mulguru Gunasiri gentleman became the head teacher of our school: Gunasiri mahattayaa apee iskoole mul guruvarayaa unaa female teacher (colloq): Tiicar [Tiicər]*, PL Tiicarlaa MAs39; mis (orig. Eng ‘Miss’); 燔වය guruvariya teaching method (n): උ엊න엊න 槊රමය ugannanna kramaya teak (Bot. Tectona): තොගෙත槊 teekka <1>, tear (vt, VOL): NPT-IND ඉරනව iranavaa R22, PT be torn (apart) (vi, INV): NPT-IND ඉතොගෙරනව irenavaa K394, PT Tekla Vasanti: තොගෙට槊ල වස්සු 엊뗒 telephone (n,v), cf. ‘phone’ tell (v): kiyanavaa, cf ‘say’ I’ll tell you one thing: mahattayaaTa ekak kiyannam. FGdS2:4 temperature (n): උෂණතවය uşnatvaya S244; උණ una (as in fever) K394 heat: උෂණය hot: උ귔 temple (n, Bud.): ප엊ස්සු ල pansala, PL pansal; residence of Buddhist monks R29 <1>, ǒහරය vihaare, e.g. ල ǒහරය, තොගෙපතොගෙළ엊නව <1>, <2>, temple flower, temple tree: අරය araliya <1>, <2>, Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic: ශ දළද මᗒව srii daladaa maaligaava <1>, tempt (vt): NPT-IND තොගෙපළතොගෙඹනව polam boonavaa K394, PT pelam bevvaa, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 172 be tempted (vi, syn ‘be motivated’): NPT-IND තොගෙපළතොගෙඹනව pelam benavaa, PT pelam bunaa, PP pelam bilaa , IMP pelam benna S338 ten: දහය dahaya R9 Our people learn English in school always for a periode of more than ten years: අතොගෙ퇊 රතොගෙ鷊 අය ඉස්සු තොගෙතොගෙල අǔ뷔 දහයටත වꗒ ලය槊 뗒ස්සු තොගෙස්සු ඉග්‍රීග්‍රීස‍ ඉතොගෙන 엊නව. <1> ten-: daha- R11 tend (v, syn. ‘look after’, ‘take care of’): NPT-IND බල엊නව balaagannavaa, PT balaagattaa, Father is taking care.NPT.EMP of the family: pavula balaaganne taattaa. FGdS68 Terminalia arjuna , prev T. glabana (Bot., TRF, NWFP): 槔ම�槊 kumbuk <1>; associated with dear, cool, good water near it. WIS54 Terminalia parviflora (Bot., alternatively Combretum decandrum, TRF shrub): hampalaňda terrible (adj): <1> test (n): ප槊ෂණය parkişanaya testament: තොගෙස්සු තොගෙම엊뗔වtestameentuva (Port. ‘testamento’) text book: paaDaŋ pota; තොගෙපළතොගෙප ‘thalapa’: ලප talapa; a gruel containing kitul flour, and coconut <1>, than (adv, 2nd o.DAT): වඩ vaDaa S215, væDiye SdS1 This pen is better than that pen: mee pææna ara pæænaTa.DAT vaDaa hoňdayi.AM. S215 Sunil is taller than Nimal: sunil nimalTa vaDaa usayi. Our village is more developed than other villages in our area: apee palate anit gamvalaTa.DAT væDiye apee gama diyunuyi.AM. SdS1 thank (v, syn. ‘praise’, o.DAT): ස්සු 뗔뗒 රනව stuti karanavaa (I am) thanking everyone! හතොගෙමටම ස්සු 뗔뗒 රනව! thanks: ස්සු 뗔뗒ය istuti R7. ‘istutiyi’ is considered an artificial expression and is not commonly used unless in formal speech acts. <1>; Thanks a lot! තොගෙබතොගෙහම ස්සු뗔뗒ය! Thank you very much! ඔයට / ඔයලට තොගෙඩ槊 ස්සු 뗔뗒ය! ‘thanksgiving’ festival (n, i.e. ‘food offering’, ‘post-harvest rituals’): අꗔ槊槔 aDukku / තොගෙතොගෙහඹ 엊ය kohom baa kankaariya that (spacial deixis grammar): (i) oya, sth near or connected with the person who is spoken to R3; (ii) ara, sth more distant) R3, R7A20; (iii) ee, general term referring to sth previously mentioned R3 that one, that thing (inanim.): ooka (near you), araka (more distant), eeka (inanimate) R3, cf. this one that one (anim.): ookaa R11 that side: etara R29 to that: iiTa R8c what is that? ara mokakda [mokaddə] R3 How much is this (one): meeka kiiyada? That (one) is 500 rs: ooka rupiyal pansiiyayi. <1> that (conj): kiyalaa (syn. ‘so saying’); bava, cf. ‘the fact that’ S200; eka (nominalization) S144, K97 Sonia said that he/she went: eyaa giyaa kiyalaa sooniyaa kivvaa. S200 Tania knows that Nimal came.PP-REL: nimal aapu bava Taaniyaa dannavaa. S200 Good that you.PL (have) came.PP-REL: oyaalaa aapu eka hoňdayi.AM. Good that Nimal went.PT-REL: nimal giya eka hoňdayi. S144 Going to Jaffna by bus is difficult: yaapaneeTa bas eken yana eka amaaruyi. K97 It is true that Mr. Silva said that to me: silva mahattayaa maTa eeka kivva-eka ætta. GP52 that much: (1) ඔය රම oya taram / ඔ臊චර occara; (2) අර රම ara taram / අ臊චර accara; (3) ඒ රම ee taram / එ臊චර eccara NeLC15 / R10 them: un R11, ee gollo, gollan, golla R1 then: itin, etakoTa R17, ehenaŋ (syn. ‘if so’) FGdS69; ඊට පස්සු තොගෙස්සු iiTa passe English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 173 Then you can come this way some time: ehenam mahatmayaa velaavaka mee pætte enna. FGdS274 thence: ehen R24 there (location set): එතොගෙහ ehe (‘there’-anaphoric); අරතොගෙහ arahe / අතොගෙරතොගෙහ arehe (‘there’-distal); ඔතොගෙහ ohe (‘there’-by you, 2nd proximal); තොගෙමතොගෙහ mehe (‘here’, 1st proximal) K23. This location set corresponds neatly with the demonstratives (‘this’, ‘that’) ee, ara, oya and mee there (place deixis grammar): (i) ehe R5, , එන etana (Lit ‘that spot-anaphoric’) R4 / K74 while there: ehedi R17 (ii) arahe R3/ arehe K22 (‘over there’), ahara, අන atana (Lit ‘that spot-over there’) R4 / K74R4 (iii) ohe, ‘there by you’, in your direction, your way) R3, K22, ඔන otana (Lit ‘that spot – by you’) R4 How much (do you) charge to go there? etanaTa yanna kiiyak gannavaada? NeLC7 therefore (adv/conj.): emanisaa, ඒ 엒ස්සු ee nisaa, eeka nisaa, ee hindaa S207, ehenaŋ MAs321 It rained today. Therefore the match was postponed: ada væssaa. ee nisaa mæc eka kal giyaa. S207 thermometer (n): una kaTuva MAs321 these things: meevaa R4 How much (price) are these? meevayi.AM ganaŋ kohomada? NeLC These are good: meevaa hoňda tamayi.FOC FGdS365 Thespesia populnea L. (n, Bot, Eng. ‘Tulip tree’, ‘Portia tree’): ූය gaŋ suriya <1>, they: ee gollo, ee gollan, ee golla R1, un R11; eegollo; comp. ‘people’; meyaala (‘they by me’), oyaala (‘they by you’), arayaala (‘they over there’), eyaalaa (‘they in question’) FGdS150, FGdS2:74 them ACC: eyaalaava S578 them DAT: eyaalaaTa S578 themselves (adv): eyaalaama S578 their GEN: eyaalaagee S578 thick (adj): මහ mahata thick(ness): ganakam R31 thicket (n): බ뷊ද bædda (syn ‘forest’) Women go to the thicket.DAT in search of firewood (7H DIAL, lit ‘fire-wood path.LOC’): න බ뷊දට දර-පතොගෙර යනව. JBD4:147 thief (n): M තොගෙහර horaa, F තොගෙහර hera, PL horu DG25 The police officer caught the thief.ACC: polis raalahaami horaava ælluvaa. SP1:44 Siri saw the thief running on the road.LOC: siri horaa paare duvanavaa dækkaa. <1> thigh (n, Norw ‘lår’): ලව kalava, PL kalavaa thin (adj): තොගෙ鷊鷔 keTTu (of animals) R5; තොගෙ엊ච kenci (4H DIAL JBD4:140); ᇓ엊 hiin (general) K394 ‘keTTu velaa’: (you) have lost weight. <1> I love that tall, thin boy: ee usa keTTu pirimi lamayaa maTa aadarayi.AM. SG thing (n): තොගෙ뷊 dee R26, PL deeval; DC63 baDuva 15; vaga 27b, væDa 4; තොගෙර뗔ර toratura I’m reading what Ranjit gave me: mama Ranjit dunna.PT-REL dee kiyavanavaa DC58 There are many things to learn: igenaganna bohoma deeval tiyenavaa. FGdS273 How are things in your area now? kohomada dæn ee palaate.LOC toraturu? FGdS2:81 I’ll have/take.FUT what they’re eating.NPT-REL: ඒ අය න තොගෙ뷊 මමත 엊න. LP:126 those things (‘the ones’): eevaa R12, ovvaa, oovaa R4, R12A22, aravaa FSI2:31 The ones that Ranjiit bought were expensive: Ranjit gatta eevaa ganan DC63 think (v, VOL): NPT-IND හනව hitanavaa R19, PT hituvaa, PP hitalaa (හNJව hitavaa, Ka DIAL JBD4:139), IMP hitanna S289, PRES.CON hita hita innavaa (is thinking) SP1:111; NPT-IND sitanavaa**, PT situvaa, PP sitalaa, IMP sitanna English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 174 contemplate: kalpanaa karanavaa; මම 엒රම ඔයල න ලපන රනව. MAs171 ‘keep in mind’, ‘determine’: NPT-IND හ 엊නව hitaa gannavaa DC138 (I) thought that you weren’t in the village: ඔතොගෙහ තොගෙම න කයල හත. JWG2:63 be thought: kalpanaa venavaa I thought hard about that: mama eeka gæna hungak hituvaa. <1> What did you think? monavaada hituve [hitue]? We thought they would come.FUT on time: අ퇒 හ뗔ව ඒ අය තොගෙවලවට එය කයල. <1> be thought (v, INV i.e. ‘occur to the mind’): NPT-IND හතොගෙනව hitenavaa, PT hitunaa; NPT-IND sitenavaa**, PT situnaa, PP , IMP I.DAT happen to think (lit ‘thinking happends to me’): maTa sitenavaa JBD4:5 I.DAT just thought so (Lit ‘It simply occurred to me’): maTa.DAT nikamaTa ehenam hitunaa. <1> third (ordinal number): 뗔엊ව엒 tunveni LP That one is a third grade book: ooka tuŋ veni pantiye potak. FGdS134 thirteen: දහ뗔න dahatuna R10 thirty: 뗒ස්සු tisa, 뗒හ tiha R19 thirty-: 뗒ස්සු tis- R19 thirtieth: 뗒ස්සු තොගෙව엒 tisveni thirst (n, s.DAT): 뗒බහ tibaha R25; (Budd.) tanhee, හ tanhaa (syn. ‘craving’); 퇒පස්සු ය pipaasaya thirsty (adj, s.DAT): 퇒පස්සු pipaasaa, 퇒පස pipaasita; (also thirst, n): 뗒බහ tibaha [tibaha] I’m thirsty.AM. Give (me) some orange juice: මට ව뗔ර 뗒බහය / මට 뗒බහය maTa tibahayi. orenjuus Tikak denna. S229 I’m very thirsty: maTa hari tibahak tiyenavaa. I got thirsty: maTa tibaha unaa I remain thirsty: mama tibahen innavaa. R25:205 this (place deixis grammar): mee (near speaker) R3, R7A20, R7A21 this one: meekaa (anim.) R11, meeka (inanim.) R3, GEN meeke, this much (adv): තොගෙම臊චර meccara R10, S481, තොගෙම රම mee taram NeLC15 to this: miiTa R8c from this: min R25e this way: mehen 10 what is this? mee mokakda [mokaddə] R3 thither: arahaTa R4, ehaaTa he’s just wandering about: lamayaa ehaaTa mehaaTa yanavaa R4 ‘thombo’: toombuva; register of lands thousand: දහ daaha, දහස්සු dahasa 1000: daaha; 1001: ekdahas eka; 2000: dedaaha; 2001: dedahas eka; 3000: tun daaha; 3001: tun dahas eka; 4000 haara daaha; 5000: pan daaha; 6000: haya daaha; 7000 hat daaha; 8000 aTa daaha; 9000 nava daaha; 10,000: daha daaha; 11,000: ekolos daaha; 12,000 dolos daaha; 13,000: dahatun daaha; 14,000: dahahatara daaha; 15,000: pahalos daaha; 16,000: dahasaya daaha; 17,000: dahahat [dahat] dahasa SP1:15; 18,000: daha aTa daaha; 19,000: dahanava daaha; 20,000: visi daaha; 21,000: visi ek daaha; 22,000: visi dedaaha; 23,000: visitun daaha; 30,000: tis daaha; 40,000: hatalis daaha; 50,000: panas daaha; 60,000: hæTa daaha; 70,000: hættææ daaha; 80,000: asuu daaha; 90,000: anuu daaha; 100,000: lakşaya; 200,000: delakşaya; 300,000: tun lakşaya; 400,000: haara lakşaya; …; 1,000,000: dasa lakşaya / miliyanaya S172 in thousands: දහස්සු ණ엊 TLD thought (n): ලපනව kalpanaava, PL kalpanaaval the thought that (I) want to build a house someday: kavadaahari geyak hadanna oonæ kiyana kalpanaava DC134 attentive (adj): ලපනතොගෙව엊 kalpanaaven English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 175 thrash: hoňdaTama gahanavaa (Lit 'hit very much'); NPT-IND ප鷊ට හනව paTTa gahanavaa (syn. ‘hit hard’, ‘punish’) This one has to be thrashed for that work (colloq): ව ප鷊ට හ엊න ඕතොගෙන ර퇔 වතොගෙට.* muuva.ACC paTTa gahanna oone karapu væDeeTa. <1> thread: නල nuula (syn. ‘string’), PL නල nuul three: 뗔න tuna R8 the three books: pot tuna; three books, any three books: pot tunak the three girls: kello tun denaa; three girls: kello tun denek three-: tun- R11 three-wheeler (n): triivil eka NeLC13 <1>, I came in a three-wheeler: mama triivil ekakin aave. NeLC13 threshing floor (n, Agric, for paddy): ම kamata <1>, <2>, <3>; ලǒට kalaviTa MAD, WIS23 Triposha, Thriposha (n): තත‍ තොගෙපෂ tripooşa; Thriposha flour is a nutritional blend of corn, soya and milk proteins, given as a supplement for pregnant women, nursing mothers and kids. <1>, <2>, <3> throat (n): උ燔ර ugura, PL uguru S578 Doctor, I have a soar throat too: dostara mahattayo mage ugurat ridenavaa NeLC4 through (prep): අ엊 atarin, ම뷒엊 mædin; -in.ABL when movement DC120; ǒ엒ǒද vinivida CS There is a road running through the village: gama mædin paarak yanavaa. The moon appears through the clouds: valaakulu atarin handa matuvenavaa. look through (sth): ǒ엒ǒද තොගෙ퇊엊නව CS throughout: tisse, හම뗒ස්සු ස්සු මhæmatissama R22 For three or four years now, you have worked in the Village Council, haven’t you? dæn avuruddu tunak hatarak tisse gaŋ sabave.LOC kaTayutu karalaa tiyenavaa, nee-da? FGdS2:4 throw away: අහ දනව? ahaka daanavaa R28b31, throw (vt, ir): NPT-IND Ǔස රනව viisi karanavaa (syn. ǒස . visi k.) R23, PT v. kalaa, PP v. karalaa, IMP v. karanna S496, S130 throw on the roof: වහතොගෙල උඩට ǒස රනව <1> be thrown away (vi, passive): NPT-IND ǒසතොගෙවනව visi venavaa, PT visivunaa, PP visivelaa, IMP visivenna S125 throw stones: gal gahanavaa 15 thrush (n, Med, Norw ‘candida’, ‘trøske’): උලතොගෙලම ullogam [ullogaŋ], contagious disease caused by a fungus, Candida albicans, that occurs most often in infants and children, characterized by small whitish eruptions on the mouth, throat, and tongue, and usually accompanied by fever, colic, and diarrhea thug (n): චꗒය canDiyaa thumb (n): මපට ඇ緒ලල maapaTa æňgilla thunder (n): අ槔ණ akuna, PL akunu MAs; 燒燔ම giguruma (syn. ‘noise’), PL gigurum S578 thunder (vi, syn ‘roar’, ‘snore’): NPT-IND තොගෙරවනව goravanavaa R18, PT gerevvaa, PP goravalaa, IMP goravanna, GER geraviima S341 ‘it’s raining and thundering’: vahinavaa goravanavaa be thunderstruck: gal gæhenavaa 17 Thursday (n): බහස්සු ප뗒엊ද brahaspatindaa R19 thus (adv, syn. ‘like this’/’like that’/’such’): තොගෙමතොගෙහම mehema, ඔතොගෙහම ohoma, අරතොගෙහම arahema, එතොගෙහම ehema R1, R17, FSI3:81 Is that so? (following a statement of fact) එතොගෙහම ද? ehema-da? FGdS274. It is not like that (following a inaccurate description: එතොගෙහම තොගෙනතොගෙමය. FSI3:82 ticket: TikaT-eka R24, GEN TikaT-ekee tie (n, ‘neck tie’): ටය එ Tayi eka <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 176 tie (vt, syn. ‘marry’): NPT-IND බ췒නව baňdinavaa R20, PT bændaa, PP bæňdalaa, IMP baňdinna S281, S519 Ranjit is tying / tethering the dog.ACC: Ranjit ballaava baňdinavaa DC161 be tied (vi, syn. ‘bind’, ‘commit’, ‘join’): බතොගෙඳනව bæňdenavaa DC160 tiger (n): තොගෙ鷒ය koTiyaa, PL koTi Tiger’s Balm, cf. ‘painkiller’ tight (adj): ප鷔 paTu (syn. ‘narrow’) tile (n): උළ ula, PL උᗔ ulu; උᗔ ටය ulu kæTaya, PL ulu kæTa, ulu tiles made in the village: gaŋ ulu; factory-made tiles: raTa ulu FGdS2:23 till (prep), cf. ‘until’ timber (n):  lii timber framing (Norw ‘bindingsverk’):  ර කම <1>, time (n, i.e. larger duration of time): ල kala R29, ලය, තොගෙල kaalee R29, IND kaalayak It takes three months to complete the building: goDanægilla sampuurna kiriimaTa maasa tunaka kaalayak gata venavaa. S197 seeing (you) after a long time (idiom): dækka kal K170 We are meeting after a long time, aren’t we? (huňgak) kaalekaTa passe api hamba unee, needa? NeLC11; Their family were united after a long time: තොගෙඩ槊 තොගෙලට පස්සුතොගෙස්සු ඒතොගෙලල엊තොගෙග පǔතොගෙල අයඒටඑ뗔ǔණ. <1> How long is it since he came to Sri lanka? එය ලවට ඇǒලල තොගෙ臊චර ල තොගෙවනව ද? <1> in (ahead of) time / in advance: ල뗒ය <1> time (n, i.e. shorter durations of time): තොගෙවල velaa R16A9, තොගෙNJල veelaa, තොගෙවලව velaava R8, vele R31A13; cf. ‘o’clock’ This job takes three hours: mee væDeeTa pæya tunaka velaavak yanavaa. S197 It takes me a lot of time to do this work: මට තොගෙම වඩ ර엊න හඟ槊 තොගෙවල යනව. CS Usually, we eat three times a day and drink tea three times a day: saamaanyayen tun veelak kææma kanavaa tun veelak tee bonavaa. SG What time is it now? The time now is eight: dæn velaave kiiyada? dæn velaave aTayi. S196 At what time? (idiom) 槓යට ද? cf ‘when’ No, (I’m sorry) I don’t have the time now: anee dæn nam maTa velaava næhæ. <1>; ද මට තොගෙවලව槊 න. CS in good time: velaasanin, veelapahin R27 at any time/at any moment (adv): koyi velaaveehari S211; The boss may come.FUT (conveying uncertainty) here any moment: තොගෙල槊 තොගෙය තොගෙවලතොගෙව තොගෙමතොගෙහඑයදද엊තොගෙනනහ. <1> ‘it is my time, my destiny’ (idiom): eka mage velaava time: vara, ස්සු රය særee (i.e. ‘fois’, ‘instance’) R18 on this occation (lit ‘this time’): තොගෙම ස්සු තොගෙ mee særee BH30; ‘this time’ (lit ‘this day’): තොගෙමද medaa NeLC10; ‘that time’ (lit ‘that day’): එද edaa NeLC10 a few times: 槓ප ස්සු රය槊 kiipa særayak BH30 by this time: melaha(ka)Ta R19; by that time: elahakaTa R19 time(s) (n, i.e. ‘this time’, ‘how many times’): පර paara This time the exam is easy: තොගෙම පර ǒබතොගෙ තොගෙලසය; How many times did (he) sit the exam? 槓 පර槊 ǒබතොගෙට හ鷒යද?; I took the exam three times: මම 뗔엊පර槊 ǒබතොගෙ ත. K237 time (n, syn. ‘leisure’, ‘room’, ‘space’, ‘occation’, ‘chance’): ඉඩ iDa When there is time I’ll come: iDa tiyenna koTa mama ennam. FGdS274 have free time (v): ඔතොගෙහ ඉ엊නව ohe innavaa (syn. ‘have nothing to do’) MAs322 <1>, <2>, timetable (n): ල ස්සු ටහන kaala saTahana (syn. ‘schedule’), PL k. saTahan <1>, <2>, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 177 time-wasting (n): රස්සු 뗒ය뷔 rastiaadu, i.e. by bureaucracy of public institutions tired(ness) (adj./n): mahansi(ya) R28, teheTTuva I am tired: මට මහනසය. You are very tired, hey: හ මහ엊සය බ. I feel tired: මට මහ엊සය槊 දතොගෙනනව. CS You can't do any work without working hard: mahansi venne nætuva kisima væDak karanna bææ. K229 to/up to (prep): -ට* -Ta ;ද槊ව** dakvaa; What is the distance from here to Kandy? mehe iňdalaa kænDivalaTa koccara durada?* What is the distance from Colombo to Galle? Kolam ba siTa gaalla dakvaa dura kopamanada? ** S214 tobacco (n): 뷔මතොගෙළ** MAD, 뷔ල* K394 [duŋkǝlǝ GP6] (lit ‘smoke-leaf’) today (adv): අද ada R1 today or tomorrow: ada heTa R2 toddy (n): ර raa R15 How is toddy obtained from trees.ABL? gasvalin raa ganne kohoma-da? From the flowers of the trees: gasvala malvalin. FGdS2:112 sweet toddy (n): තොගෙ觊ජ telijja (i.e. ‘toddy sap or juice’) <1> toddy-tapper caste: duraave toe (cf. ‘finger’): ඇ緒ලල æňgilla R24, PL ඇ緒; æňgili baTuva, පතොගෙ ඇ緒ලල CS toffee (n, syn. ‘sweets’): තොගෙට퇒ය, PL තොගෙට퇒 Topi <1>, <2>, together: එට ekaTa R28A10, ek velaa R15 toilet (n): තොගෙටයල鷊 එ, cf. ‘latrine’ ‘go to attend to toilet’ (DIAL): there someone is going to the brook.DAT to attend to toilet (DIAL 4K): අ엊න ǔතොගෙද අළට යනව; The patient goes to toilet at night too (DIAL DM): තොගෙලඩ රටත 퇒ඩතොගෙ යනව; I am going to (the thicket) to attend to toilet (DIAL DM): ම බ뷊දට යනව. JBD4:158 tolerate (vi, syn ‘be patient’, ‘contain’, ‘suffer’, ‘bear’): NPT-IND ඉවස්සු නව ivasanavaa, PT ivasuvaa, PP ivasalaa, IMP ivasanna, GER ඉවීම ivasiima (i.e. ‘patience’) S324 tomato (n): 槊 takkaali, PL takkaali geDi Can you make me a tomato salad, too? takkaali samboolekut hadalaa denna puluvan-da? FGdS338 tomorrow (adv): තොගෙහට heTa R1 day after tomorrow (n): අ엒뷊ද aniddaa R17 two days after tomorrow (n): ඉ엊අ엒뷊ද inaniddaa S193 be tomorrow (v, syn. ‘be very late’): තොගෙහට තොගෙවනව heTa venavaa 20A33 tom-tom beaters’ caste (n): තොගෙබරව 槔ලය beravaa kulaya <1>, tongue (n): 뷒ව diva NeLC4, PL divaval; cf. ‘mouth’ Please put our tongue out (extend it): diva tik karanna! too: -t R2 I will go too: mamat yanavaa; maat yanavaa; maŋut yanavaa (coll.) tools (n): උපරණ upakarana (syn ‘equipment’, ‘implement’) <1> tooth (n): ද data, PL දත dat I.DAT have a toothache: maTa datee kækumak tiyenavaa LP; The sister.DAT has a toothache: න燒ට දත 槊槔ම. JBD4:71 tooth-paste (n): දත තොගෙබතොගෙහත dat behet, dat peesT tooth-brush (n): දත �සව dat burusuva, PL d. burusu brush one’s teeth (vt): දත ම뷒නව dat madinavaa, cf. ‘brush’ English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 178 top: piTa 29 ‘on top of that’: ඒ ම뷒වට ee madivaTa (syn. ‘even’) topee (n): තොගෙ퇊퇒 වය槊 toppi vargayak topic (n): මව maatrukaava FGdS372, PL maatrukaa What is the topic of his talk? mokak-da minihaage kataave maatrukaava? FGdS372 tortoise (n): ඉ�බ ibbaa SP1:19 torture (n): වධ හස්සු ව** vadha hiŋsaava <1>, වධය vadhaya**, vadee*; torture chamber: වධරය vadhakaagaaraya torture (vt, o.DAT): වද තොගෙදනව vada denavaa touch (vt): NPT-IND අනව atagaanavaa HAs319 (syn. ‘stroke’, ‘grope’ S406), PT atagæævaa, PP atagaalaa, IMP atagaanna Keep in touch! (Lit ‘write to me often!’): maTa nitara liyanna! tour (n): ස්සු චරය saŋcaaraya (syn. ‘journey’); tour guide: මතොගෙප엊ව엊න magapenvannaa MAs107 tourism (n, syn. ‘tourist business’): ස්සු චර වපරය saŋcaaraka vyaapaaraya tourist (n): ස්සු චරය saŋcaarakayaa towards (prep): 뷒ස්සු ව dihaa(va) R8, 뷒ස්සු වට towel (n): 뗔වය tuvaaya The towel in the bathroom is wet: උවසකතොගෙය 뗔වය තොගෙය. MAs105 tower (n): නව kanuva; පහ엊 නව, e.g. Dondra Light House, තොගෙදǔ엊දර 퇊ර뷓පරය <1>, town (n): ටǔම* Tavuma [Taumə], PL Tavum; නවර** nuvara [nuurə]; නරය nagaraya toy (n): තොගෙස්සුsellam ලලමබꗔව baDuva, PL sellam baDu trade (n): තොගෙවළඳම velaňdaama (syn ‘business’) trade (v): NPT-IND තොගෙවළඳම රනව velaňdaam karanavaa (syn ‘do business’) trail (n), cf. ‘path’ train (n): තොගෙ臊චය koocciya R11 (orig. Eng. ‘coach’), GEN koocciye, PL koocci; 뷔 ය dumriya, PL dumriyaval train time table (n): 뷔මය ල ස්සු ටහන dumriya kaala saTahana <1> train (vti, syn. exercise, practise): NPT-IND 퇔뷔 රනව purudu karanavaa R28, PT p. kalaa, PP p. karalaa, IMP p. karanna! train (vti): NPT-IND 퇔හ귔 රනව puhunu karanavaa trample (vti): NPT-IND පනව paaganavaa (syn. ‘step on’ sth, ‘tread’), PT ‘transaction’ (n, idiom, syn ‘dealings’, ‘loan’): නතොගෙදනව ganudenuva, PL නතොගෙදන ganu-denu, Lit ‘take + give’ DC88 translate (vt, syn ‘convert’, ‘turn into’): NPT-IND තොගෙපරළනව peralanavaa, PT peraluvaa, PP peralalaa, IMP peralanna, GER peraliima (i.e. translating’) S337 translate from English into Sinhala: ඉගසතොගෙය엊 සහලට තොගෙපරළ엊න ‘transport’ (n, idiom): යන-වහන yaana-vaahana, Lit ‘vehicle + vehicle’ DC87 travel (vi): NPT-IND ම엊 රනව gamaŋ karanavaa, PT g. kalaa, PP g. karalaa, IMP g. karanna tray (n, Norw. ‘skuff’): තොගෙතොගෙ‍ එ ; බ엊තොගෙ뷊සය bandeesiya, PL bandeesi treacle (n, syn ‘syrup’): පණ pæni <1>,  පණ mii pæni <2>, Some people don’t make toddy out of sap, but make syrup: samaharu telijjavalin raa hadanne nætuva pæni hadanavaa. Have you eaten syrup? mahattayaa pæni kaalaa tiyenavaa-da? FGdS2:113 treat: saŋgraha karanavaa (PT. s'keruvaa) treat well (vt, syn. ‘respect’, ‘consider’ sb., o.DAT): NPT-IND ස්සු ලනව salakanavaa R21, PT sælakuvaa, PP salakalaa, IMP salakanna S309 As long as he was treating us well, we also treated him well: eyaa apiTa salakana kan, apit eyaaTa sælakuvaa. R21 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 179 I'll care about you: ම ඔයට ස්සු ල엊න. CS They treated us with kindness.INST. ඒ අය අපට ණතොගෙව엊 ස්සු ල槔ව. <1> treat (vt, ir): NPT-IND ප්‍ර뗒ර රනව pratikaara [prətikaarə] karanavaa, PT p. kalaa, PP p. karalaa, IMP p. karanna treatment (n): ප්‍ර뗒රය pratikaaraya [prətikaarəyə] give first aid: 퇊ර뗒ර රනව (syn. ‘cure’) tree (n): ස්සු gasa SP1:5, හ gaha R8, PL gas tree planting (n): 槊 තොගෙරපණ ræk roopana <1> "Deyata Sevana" (lit. ‘shelter to the nation’) National Tree Planting Programme: දයට තොගෙස්සු වණ ජ뗒 槊 තොගෙරපණ වඩස්සු ටහන. Trichosanthes cucumerina (Bot): පතොගෙල patoola <1> Trincomalee: ත槔ණමලය, ත槔ණමතොගෙල trikunaamalee [trikunaməle] R9 <1>, trip (n): මන gamana, PL gamaŋ; cf. ‘journey’, PL gamaŋ bimaŋ SP2:86 My sister goes on trips very often: naŋgi nitarama gamaŋ bimaŋ yanavaa. SP2:86 Triple Gem (n., Budd.): තොගෙව엊 teruvan SP1:21; tunuruvan SP1:21 May the Triple Gem bless you! (Budd.): තොගෙව엊 ස්සු රණයteruvan saranaayi.AM. The following Pali chant is often recited by both monks and lay people: �뷊ධ ස්සු රණ 臊ඡ Buddham saranam gacchāmi: I go for refuge in the Buddha. ධමම ස්සු රණ 臊ඡ Dhammam saranam gacchāmi: I go for refuge in the Dharma. ස්සු ඝ ස්සු රණ 臊ඡ Sangham saranam gacchāmi: I go for refuge in the Sangha truck (n): තොගෙලය lorriya, PL lorri tropical (adj): උෂණ ල퇓ය uşna kalaapiiya S244 tropical rain forest (n): 엒වන තොගෙත වන엊රය nivartana tet vanaantaraya (cf. ‘wet evergreen forest’) <1>, trouble (n): රදරය**, රදතොගෙ* karadaree [karǝdǝree GP8] (syn. ‘difficulty’) R24, PL karadara If (I) get late for office, it causes much trouble: 엊තොගෙවට ය엊න පර槊ǔතොගෙනත හම රදරය. BH12 go to trouble (vi): NPT-IND karadara venavaa [karǝdǝrǝ v.] FGdS183 Don’t go to any trouble! රදර තොගෙව엊න එප karadara venna epaa! MAsD5-21a troublesome (adj): රදරය karadarayi [karədərai], හහර hirihæra CS trouser (n, syn ‘pair of pants’): ස්සු ම kalisama, PL kalisaŋ (orig. Port. ‘calçoens) I have to give two trousers and one shirt to be ironed (to give to iron): kalisaŋ dekakuyi şarT [şərT] ekakuyi madinna denna tiyenavaa. <1> ‘one who wears pants’ (impol?): ස්සු මK2:27 true (adj): ඇත ætta* R24, හබ hæbææ R24, ස්සු බ sæbææ a true friend: eka sæbæ minihek That’s true: eeka hæbææva. FGdS2:97 trunk (n, Bot.): kanda, PL kaŋ trunk (n, Zool): තොගෙහඬ hoňDa, e.g. අයතොගෙග තොගෙහඬ trust (n): ǒශවස්සු ය? vissaasa R27 truth (n): ඇත ætta* R24, PL attaval DG25; hæbææva R24 I see the truth: මම ඇත දකනව JBD4:67 ‘It’s true’ (idiom.): eeka ætta FGdS271 It is me who knows.NPT.EMP whether it is true or not: eeke ætta-nætta danne mamayi. R25:207 (You) tell.IMP the truth! ඇත කයහ (2SG) ඇත කයහලල (2PL) (Ru DIAL, JBD4:137) try (v, syn. ‘try to do sth.INF’): hadanavaa, බලනව balanavaa 1 He/she is trying to go: eyaa yanna hadanavaa. S146 If possible, I’ll try to come: puluvan unot mama enna.INF balannam. FGdS292 I’ll try to talk to (i.e. ‘ask from’) Miss Asha about it: maŋ Asha missgen.ABL ahalaa balannam. English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 180 Try and talk to (her): kata karalaa balanavaa ko. DC282 Try to finish this work today: mee væDee ada ivara karanna.INF balanna. FGdS300 He tries to do the work: එය ඒ වතොගෙ ර엊න බලනව. I'll try to go tomorrow: මම තොගෙහට ය엊න බල엊නම. CS try (v): NPT-IND උතස්සු හ රනව utsaaha karanavaa (syn ‘aim’, ‘attempt’, ‘strive’) You won't (will not) succeed unless you try: උතස්සු හ තොගෙනතොගෙළත ඔය ට‍ ස්සු ථ තොගෙව엊න (뷒귔 තොගෙව엊න) බහ. <1> tsunami (n): සනය sunaamiya <1> Many houses (‘houses and properties’) were destroyed by the tsunami: sunaamiya nisaa huňgak geval doraval kæDii biňdii giyaa. SP2:86; cf. ‘destroy’ tuberculosis (n): ස්සු යkaasaya, ෂය තොගෙරය kaşaya roogaya (lit ‘coughing disease’) Tuesday (n): අඟහවද aňgaharuvaadaa R9 tulip (n): ූය suuriya -tuma (suffix): -tumaa, added to most nouns expressing professional titles, and in many contexts may be substituted for -vǝrǝ, e.g. gurutumaa (‘teacher’), vedatumaa (‘physician’) K2:29 tumbler (n, i.e. glass, cup): Ǔ뷔ව viiduruva R22 tuna fish dish (n, DIAL Ru): ඇල 뗒යල æm bul tiyal <1>, ‘tunapaha’ (n): 뗔නපහ, cf. ‘spice’ tune (n, syn. ‘melody’): ලය taalee R31 turban: ල퇊පව talappaava <1>; ස්සු ᗔව, ස්සු ᗔව saaluva (head cloth or towel that farmers wear in the field) turkey (n): ᗔ槔ම kalukumaa <1> turmeric (Curcuma longa, Norw. ‘gurkemeie’): හ kaha (Lit ‘yellow’), හ 槔ꗔ, ǒය හ; a spice which has an antiseptic effect. turmeric water: හ ව뗔ර kaha vatura, හ 뷒යර kaha diyara, i.e. mixture sprinkled over floors of temples, shrines, shops, front space and doorway, to counteract ‘pollution’ (purification) <1> ; when cleaning floors sometimes also k.v. is sprinkled to the floor <2> the ‘turmeric rite’ (n, Budd): kaha vatura isime caaritraya <1> turn (vt, syn ‘reverse’): NPT-IND හරවනව haravanavaa R25, PT hæravuvaa, PP haravalaa, IMP haravanna S309 Turn (it) to this side: mee pættaTa haravanna S506 forward / re-direct (a mail): හරවල එවනව CS turn (by itself) (vti): NPT-IND හතොගෙරනව hærenavaa R15, PT hærunaa, PP hærilaa, IMP hærenna S286 I turned at that corner: mama ee handiyen hærunaa; I turned involuntarily/automatically: maava ibeema hærunaa. G33 turn off (v): NPT-IND 엒වනව nivanavaa (syn. ‘cool’, ‘snuff out’, ‘quench’), PT 엒NJව nivvaa, PP turn off the light: එය 엒වනව; quench a fire: 燒엊දර 엒වනව <1> turtle (n): ස්සු බව kæsbæævaa (syn. ‘tortoise’), PL kæsbæævo <1>, <2>, tusker (n, i.e. elephant or wild boar): ඇ ætaa, PL ættu DG33 tuyere: baTa liiya; a tube, nozzle or pipe through which air is blown into a furnace, hearth or fire TV (n): පවහ엒ය ruupavaahiniya <1>; ටǓ Tiivii I'd rather read a book than watch.DAT TV. මම ටǓ බලනවට වඩ තොගෙප槊 කයව엊න ම뗒ය. <1> twelve: තොගෙදලහ dolaha R10 twelve people: dolosdenaa R11 twelve-: තොගෙදතොගෙලස්සු dolos- R11 twentieth: ǒසතොගෙව엒 visiveni English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 181 twenty: ǒස්සු ස්සුvissa R19 twenty-: visi- R19 twenty-eight Buddhas (statues, figures): අටǒස �뷊ධ ප aTavisi Buddha ruupa twice (num. adj): depaarak S174 twig (n, Norw ‘kvist’): කලල rikilla, PL rikili <1>, two: තොගෙද deka R8; (anim) dennaa (undef. dennek) these two trees: mee gas deka two daughters: duvalaa dennaa two-: de- 11 two or three: detun- R11B19 two-floor (bus, house): 鷊鷔 තොගෙදතොගෙ槊 taTTu dekee; e.g. 鷊鷔 තොගෙග, PL 鷊鷔 තොගෙවල, double-decker 鷊鷔 තොගෙදතොගෙ槊 බස්සු <1> Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merrill (Bot., medicinal climber): �엊 න bin nuga <1> type: NPT-IND ටය퇊 රනව Taip-karanavaa type writer (n, verbal noun): ටයප්‍රයටරය** TayiprayiTar*; ය뗔යනය** yaturu liyana* DC57 typhoid (n): una sannipaate MAs321 Typhonium trilobatum Schott (Bot., medicinal herb): පන අල panu ala <1> tyre (n): Tayar-eka R21, GEN Tayar-ekee return to index

U උ ඌ u ū

-u: plural ending R11 -u-: past tense suffix, e.g. bæl-u-vaa -un: plural ending R11 -u-vowel signs: e.g 뷔, 뗔 paapilla R7s ugly (adj): kæta, අවලස්සු ස්සුන avalassana uguræssa (a fruit): උ燔ස්සු ස්සුR27A30 <1>, umbrella: 槔ඩය kuDee R15, PL kuDa be unable to do (vi, ir): NPT-IND bærivenavaa S471, PT b. unaa, ; cf. ‘inability’ uncle: ankal R21, මම maamaa R26, PL maamalaa; ම maami (urban, Western JBD4:134); father’s younger brother: baappaa R3A16 (syn. ‘step father), kuDappaa, puŋci taattaa R5, DC64; 槔ඩ퇊ප臊ච kuDappacci (Ka DIAL JBD4:138) father’s elder brother: loku taattaa, mahappaa R3A16, loku appaa R5; තොගෙල槔 අ퇊ප臊චloku appacci DC64 (Ka DIAL JBD4:138) We call father’s elder brother ‘loku appacci’: තතොගෙග අයයට අ퇒 කය엊තොගෙ엊 තොගෙල槔 අ퇊ප臊ච කයල. FSI2:160 mother’s younger brother: punci maamaa DC64 mother’s elder brother: loku maamaa DC64 brother of mother or father's sister's husband: මම maamaa R26 unclean (adj): අ퇒ස뷔 apirisidu under (prep): යට yaTa R8, yaTaTa, yaTin English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 182 under the book: pota yaTa The dog sleeps under the chair: ballaa puTuva yaTa niňdaa gannavaa; The dog goes under the chair: ballaa puTuva yaTaTa yanavaa; The dog passes under the chair: ballaa puTuva yaTin duvanavaa. DG77 work under the jurisdiction of the government: aanDuva yaTate væDa The boat is sailing under the bridge: booTTuva paalama yaTin.ABL yanavaa. (ABL when movement) DC120 underneath (adv): yaTaha R29c underskirt (n): යටස්සු ය yaTasaaya, PL -val <1>, understand (v, passive, s.DAT, i.e. ‘to be understood): NPT-IND තොගෙතතොගෙරනව teerenavaa R19, PT teerunaa, PP තොගෙතල teerilaa* / teerii**, IMP teerenna! S306, cf. ‘explain’ I understand Sinhala: මට සහල තොගෙතතොගෙරනව K38 The child understands.NPT.EMP this book: lamayaaTa teerenne mee pota. FGdS138 I hope you understand: මම බලතොගෙපතොගෙරත뗔 තොගෙවනව ඹයට තොගෙතතොගෙරනවකයල Did you understand? teerunaada? understand (v, syn. ‘grasp’, ‘interpret’, ‘u. for oneself’): NPT-IND තොගෙතම 엊නවteerun gannavaa G19 This lesson is impossible to understand: තොගෙම පඩම තොගෙතම 엊න බහ. <1> underwear (n): තොගෙජ (for male, orig. Eng. ‘jockstrap’) unexpectedly (adv); හ뷒සතොගෙය엊 hadissiye(n) R25 ; cf. ‘hurry’, ‘urgency’ unfortunate(ly) (adj/adv): අවස්සු නව엊 avaasataavanta unhappy (adj): asantoosa unite (intr.): එ槊 තොගෙවනව ek venavaa R15 united (adj): එ槊ස්සු ත eksat United National Party: එ槊ස්සු ත ජ뗒 ප槊ෂය eksat jaatika pakshaya university: ǒශව ǒදලය vişva vidyaale unload (vt): (බꗔ) බනව; නතොගෙව엊 බꗔ බනව (lit. ‘unload cargo by water’) <1> unlike (adj): තොගෙනතොගෙNJ nevee unlike those days: අද වතොගෙග තොගෙනතොගෙNJ <1> unlock (vt): (අ燔ᗔ**/අ燔ල*) අනව unmindful, unremembered (forgotten): amataka R25 unrest (n, politics): අස්සු හනය asahanaya youth unrest: ණ අස්සු හනය taruna asahanaya unroll (vt, syn. ‘unwrap’, ‘spread out’), e.g. unroll a mat: NPT-IND 뷒අනව* diga arinavaa R26, PT d.æriyaa, PP d.æralaa, IMP d.arinna! S282 unskilled (adj): අද槊ෂ adakşa untie (vt, syn.’undress’): NPT-IND හනව lihanavaa [lihǝnǝva GP6] DC161, PT lihuvaa, PP lihalaa, IMP lihanna S289 get untied (vi): lihenavaa DC161 until (prep., syn ‘till): kaŋ R21, GFdS184; kam DG65; තොගෙවන / තොගෙවන 엊 venakan [enakaŋ], ල kal DC199, තොගෙ槊 tek DC199 You need not go back till the schools begin: iskoola paTan ganna kaŋ aapahu yanna oona nææ. FGdS184 I was on the road.LOC for about one hour till the bus came: බස්සු එ එන මම පතොගෙර පය槊 ǒර හ鷒ය. CS Until now we have had enough money: තොගෙම තොගෙවනම අපට ස්සු ල ඇ뗒 උන. <1> until six o'clock: හය තොගෙවන; until the evening: හවස්සු තොගෙවන CS After I ate breakfast, I studied Sinhala till 9: මම උතොගෙ뷊 ම ල නමය තොගෙවන 엊 සහහල ඉතොගෙනත. FSI2:208 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 183 The fellow did not awake until 8: 엒හ අට තොගෙවන 엊 න燒තතොගෙත න. untruth (n): තොගෙබව boruva R22; cf. ‘truth’ you lie: oba boru unwell (adj, syn ‘sick’, ‘ill’): අස්සුasaniipa 엓ප (NPT-IND s.DAT; PT s.NOM) He/she is very ill: eyaaTa hari asaniipayi.AM. S209 He/she fell sick: eyaa asaniipa unaa. S209 up: ඉහළ ihala, uDaha R29 up-country: උඩරට uDaraTa R29 Would you like to see upcountry dances? udaraTa næTuŋ balanna kæmeti-da? FGdS146 upper (adj): ඉහළ ihala uproot (vt): ugulanavaa be uprooted (vi): igilenavaa urgency (n): හ뷒සය hadisiya in urgency: hadisiyema (syn ‘unexpectedly’) Why are you here today unexpectedly: mokada ada hadissiyema mee pætte? DS63 It's urgent! / It’s an emergency! තොගෙම හ뷒ස්සු !සය槊 CS urinate (v): NPT-IND හ觊ජ රනව* hujja karanavaa; ත්‍රත්‍ර‍ රනව muutra karanavaa; ච රනව* cuu karanavaa; ච දනව* cuu daanavaa <1> urine (n): ත්‍ර mutra; ච* cuu [ʧuu] (CDS, child directed speech) use (vti): NPT-IND පǒ臊ච රනව paavicci karanavaa, PT p. kalaa, PP p. karalaa, IMP p. karanna Many people use ‘Three Roses’ (i.e. cigarettes): huňgak denaa triiroos paavicci karanavaa. FGdS13 What do you call the thing.DAT he’s using? එය පǒ臊ච රන එට කය엊තොගෙ엊 තොගෙම뷊ද. FSI2:33 being used (v): පǒ臊ච තොගෙවනව paavicci venavaa (syn ‘wear’) All the water was used: ව뗔ර ඔ槊තොගෙම පǒ臊ච උන. <1> use (n, syn. ‘benefit’) : ප්‍රතොගෙයජනය prayoojanee [prayoojənə - Sanskrit], PL prayoojana FGdS2:4 make use of (vt): NPT-IND 퇊රතොගෙයජන 엊නව prayoojana gannavaa CS used to (adj., syn. ‘accustomed’, ‘habitual’, s.DAT): 퇔뷔 purudu R28 (We) don’t have the foods and drinks you are used to, of course: mahatmayaaTa purudu kææm biim nam mehee nææ. FGdS273 I am used to Sinhalese foods: maTa siŋhala kææma puruduyi.AM. I am not accustomed to this: මට තොගෙම 퇔뷔 න. CS I’m not accustomed to getting up so early: මට එ臊චර උතොගෙ뷊 න燒ටල 퇔뷔 නහ. <1> get used to (v): NPT-IND 퇔හ귔 තොගෙවනව puhunu venavaa; 퇔뷔 තොගෙවනව purudu venavaa CS be used to / use someone (v, colloq ‘slang’): තොගෙ යවනව kaDee yavanavaa (Lit ‘being sent to the shop’; syn. ‘deceive’, ‘swindle’) useful (adj): ප්‍රප්‍රතොගෙයජනවත‍ prayoojanavat That’s why buses are very useful for poor people: ee nisaa bas duppat minissunTa bohoma prayoojanavat. SdS2 Even if (you) take that trip, nothing useful comes out of it: ee gamana yanavaa unat/unaaTa, loku væDak venne nææ. G101 usefullness (n): loku væDak G101 useless (adj): ස්සු ǔත뗔 savuttu (syn. ‘hopeless’, ‘inferior’, ‘low’) FGdS372; පල pal (syn. ‘dry’, ‘boring’) FGdS374; cf. ‘in vain’; 엒ෂප්‍රප්‍රතොගෙයජන‍ nisparyoojana His speeches are really useless: minihaaga kataaval nam bohoma savuttuyi.AM. FGdS372 return to index English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 184 V ව ව ව ව ǒ Ǔ ǔ ව ව ව තොගෙව තොගෙNJ බව තොගෙව තොගෙව තොගෙව බව තොගෙව තොගෙව තොගෙව va vā væ væ vi vī vu vū vṛ vṝ ve vē vai vo vō vau

-va: accusative ending R3, R11, R13, R25 -va-: causative infix R18 -vaa: -ව suffix for verb indicative mode CD66 vacancy: ඇබ뗔ව æbæærtuva (orig. Port. ‘aberto’) vacate (vi): NPT-IND 퇒ට තොගෙවනවpiTa venavaa, PT p. unaa, PP p. velaa, IMP p. venna S125 My son passed out from the university and is now employed: putaa vishvavidyaalen.ABL piTa velaa dæn rasaavak karanavaa. NeLC11 vacation: 엒වꗔව nivaaDu(va), PL 엒වꗔ nivaaDu R22 I am on holiday (I.DAT leave.PL): maTa nivaaDu ‘vaastu’: typical rural Sri Lankan home, often with a verandah; ‘vaastu’ refers to religious guidelines for design and construction. in vain: අපරතොගෙ뷊 aparaadi (syn. ‘what a shame’, ‘uselessly’) That is completely useless, eh? ooka hari aparaadayak, nee? <1> -val: inanimate plural suffix R9 valley (n): තොගෙදණය deniya, PL deni; 鷒යව miTiyaavata, PL -vat valve (n): වලවය væælvaya, පටය kapaaTaya; inlet valve: ප්‍රතොගෙNJශ වලවය van (n): ව엊 එ -vara (suffix): [-vǝrǝ] added to some kinship terms and to most nouns expressing professional titles, e.g. guruvarayaa (‘teacher’), vedavarayaa (‘physician’) K2:28 variety (kind): වය varge, PL varga K89; cf. ‘kind’ varieties of trees: gas varga varieties (n, syn. ‘crossbreed’): ජ뗒 jaati various (adj): තොගෙනතොගෙය槊 noyek, noyekut S245 -varu(n): animate plural suffix R11 -vat (suffix): ‘possessing’ DC85 wealth: dana; wealthy: danavat DC85, තොගෙපස්සු ත poosat power: bala; powerful: balavat DC85 -vat (suffix): adding emphasis to mokak, kavuru, kohee, kavadaa, kohoma; cf ‘-hari’ which adds indefiniteness to Father did not say anything (at all): taattaa mokak vat kivve nææ. Nobody (at all) went home: kavuruvat gedara giyee nææ. Don’t go anywhere (at all): koheevat yanna epaa. Good men never tell lies: hoňda minissu kavadaavat boru kiyanne nææ. Under no circumstances can I tell lies: maTa kohomavat boru kiyanna bææ. Veddha (n, adj): ව뷊ද væddaa, PL væddo ව뷒 ජනය vædi janayaa (Veddha people) <1>, <2>, <3>, Veddhas live near there: væddo innet ee kiTTuva, nædda? veddha language: ල භාෂාවල් දැනගන්ෂව vegetables: එළව, එළවᗔ elavalu** R15, eloolu* FGdS27, sg. elavaluva <1>, vegetable bed (n): එතොගෙල පත뗒ය eloolu paattiya <1>, ¨ vegetable garden/patch (n): 뷔තොගෙල එළව වවන තොගෙටස්සු <1> vegetable seller: elavalu kaarayaa R15 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 185 vegetarian food (n): මස්සු ම න뗒 ම mas maalu næti kææma vegetation (n, syn ‘flora’, ‘plants’): ව槊ෂල뷒ය vrukşalataadiya??? vehicle (n): වහනය vaahanee MAs18; ව엊ꗒය vanDiya (orig. Tamil ‘vandi’) <1> ‘vehicles’ (n, idiom): kaar-baar DC88 veil (n): තොගෙNJලය**, තොගෙNJල එ*, length of cloth worn by women over head, shoulders, or face <1>, <2> -veni: තොගෙව엒 numeral ordinal suffix, e.g. හරතොගෙව엒 hataraveni (fourth), පස්සු තොගෙව엒 pasveni (fifth) verb (n): 槊ය පද kriyaa pada, 槊යව kriyaava verbal adjective (gram, syn ‘relative clause’): I am reading the book (that / which) you gave me yesterday: ඔය ඊතොගෙය මට 뷔엊න තොගෙප මම කයවනව; The man who sent us that letter came here this morning: අපට ඒ ම එNJව 엒හ අද උතොගෙ뷊 තොගෙමතොගෙහ ආව; The girl who / that plays chess has won the championship: තොගෙචස්සු හන (귔) ළමය ශරවය 뷒නල. <1> verb morphology (gram): Sinhala verbs are divided into three groups identified by a-ending [ə-] stems (bala-na-vaa), i-ending stems (andi-na-va) and e-ending stems (ide-na-va). Inflection = stem+suffix+suffix. vernacular (adj): ස්සු වභාෂාවල් දැනගන්ෂව 퇒ᗒබඳ svabhaaşaava pilibaňda Vernonia cinerea L. (Bot., medicinal herb): තොගෙමණර 槔ꗔම�ය monara kuDumbiya <1>, <2> verandah (with stoop or raised platform, leading to the entrance of a house): (තොගෙය) 퇒ළ (geyi) pila; compare ‘half-wall’; ඉස්සු තොගෙ퇊퇔ව istooppuva, PL istooppu (orig Dutch ‘stoep’) <1>, verbal termination: -navaa 1 very (adv): හ hari, හඟ槊 huňgak R10, තොගෙබතොගෙහම bohoma, ඉ itaa very much: hariyaTa R10, hoňdaTama R20B27 It rained very much yesterday: iiye hariyaTa væssaa. S207 ‘a very difficult task’: හඟ槊 / තොගෙබතොගෙහම අම වඩ槊 NeLC11 But I understand.NPT.EMP very little: namut teerenne bohoma Tikayi.AM. FGdS133 very tall man and woman: hari usa gææniyi minihaayi very honest father and mother: itaa avaŋka ammaayi taattaayi <1>, Vesak (n, name of a Budd. month): තොගෙවස්සු 槊R22; greatest Buddhist religious celebration of the year held in the month of May; තොගෙවස්සු 槊 තොගෙපය vesak pooya, falling on a full moon Uposatha day <1> ; තොගෙවස්සු 槊 උතස්සු වය vesak utsavaya (lit. vesak festival) <2>, Vesak is celebrated in Sri Lanka: ශ ලතොගෙNJ තොගෙවස්සු 槊 උතස්සුවයස්සුමරනව vesak lantern (n, electrically lit pandols): තොගෙවස්සු 槊槖ꗔවvesak kuuDuva, PL v. kuuDu <1>, <2>, vest (n, syn. Eng.‘banian’, banyan’, ‘singlet’, ‘undershirt’, Norw. ‘helsetrøye’): බ엒යම bæniyama R30, bænian [bæniən] <1>, <2>, Vetiveria zizanioides L. (Bot., grass, Eng. Vetiver): ස්සු ව엊දර sævændaraa <1> -vi: future termination R14; indicates future time and implies some degree of uncertainty, translating to victory (n): ජය jaya Be victory with you: jaya veevaa Vigna cylindrica L. (n, Bot. leguminous): raajamaasa victory: jaya, 뷒නම dinuma I feel happy about your victory: mama oyaage dinuma gæna satuTu venavaa. <1> Vigna mungo L. (n, Bot. leguminous, prev ‘Phaseolus mungo’, Eng. ‘black gram’): උ췔 uňdu <1>;  ; kaalamaasa, Vigna unguiculata (n, Bot. leguminous, Eng. ‘cowpea’) <1>; cf. ‘cowpea’ V. unguiculata subsp. cylindrica (n, Bot. leguminous, Eng ‘string bean’, ‘catjang’): ම mææ <1>, <2>, Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (n, Bot, Eng. ‘yard long beans): මරල mæækaral <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 186 village; gama R2, goDa (like a hamlet, e.g. varakaagoDa, ‘gamgoDa’) The village will be divided in two: gama dekaTa bedanavaa The village will be broken in two: gama dekaTa kedanavaa family name, ge-name (lit. ‘the village of living’): වස්සු ම vaasagama; cf. ‘family name’ village council (n): මස්සු භාෂාවල්දැනගන්ව gaŋsabhaava, i.e. council revived by colonial administration in 19th century village headman (n): ගම 엒ලධ graama niladhaari, pres. officer in charge of sub-division; prev. term ගම තොගෙස්සු වය graama seevakayaa, graamaseevaka (‘v. servant’, successor to ‘v. headman’) .ය ස්සු භාෂාවල්දැනගන්ව Praadeeshiiya Sabhaava, i.e. rural municipality unit in SL; prevדvillage council: 퇊රතොගෙ뷊 ම ස්සු භාෂාවල්දැනගන්ව gam sabhaava FGdS2:2 villagers: gamee minissu; people.GEN of the village vinegar: ǒනක vinaakiri (orig. Port. ‘vinágre’) <1>, <2>, violent: dampaaTa violin (n): වයනය**, වය엊 එ* <1> viper (n): තොගෙපලඟ polaňgaa virtue, acts of v.: pin virtuous (adj): 燔ණවත gunavat; gunavanta [gunəvantə], denoting a personal quality visit (vt): NPT-IND බල엊න යනව balanna yanavaa CS, PT b. giyaa, PP b. gihilla, IMP b. yanna visit (vt, o.ACC): NPT-IND බල엊න එනව balanna enavaa, A lot of people visited us.ACC in the last two weeks: 燒ය ස්සු 뗒 තොගෙදතොගෙ槊 තොගෙඩ槊 අය අ퇒ව බල엊න ආව. <1> visitor (n): අත amuttaa (syn. ‘stranger’, ‘guest’), PL vitamin (n): ǒට엊 viTamiin Vitex altissima L. (Bot., TRF tree): milla VOC: Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie; United East India Company vocabulary (n), cf. ‘word’ voice (syn. ‘noise’, ‘tone’): හඬ haňDa; kææ MAs323, cf. ‘shout’ silent (adj. Lit ‘not voice’): 엒හඬ**, 엒හ엊ඩ* silently (adv): 엒හ엊ඩව voluntary organization (n, syn ‘NGO’): ස්සු තොගෙNJ臊ඡ ස්සු 뗒 sveeccjaa samiti volunteer: ස්සු තොගෙNJ臊ඡ තොගෙස්සුවයsveeccjaa seevakaya vomit (v, vulg): බරය දනව* kabarayaa daanavaa (syn. ‘throw up’, specially by a drunken person) <1> vote (n, syn ‘ballot’, ‘poll’): ඡ엊දය** / ච엊තොගෙද* [cande / chande] <1> cast a vote (v): NPT-IND ඡ엊දය දනව cande daanavaa, PT c. dæmmaa, PP c. daalaa, IMP c. daana S131; ත ඡ엊දය දනව <1>, vowel-signs (n): ඇල퇒ලල ælapilla R2, i.e. ්‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa (makes basic consonant's vowel long); ඉස්සු 퇒ලල; ispilla, i.e. ්‍යාව bhuugoolavidyaa (makes vowel similar to ‘i’ in ‘trick’), PL pili; cf ‘stroke’ vowels: ප්‍රණ槊ෂරය praanaa(k)sharaya SP1:2 <1>, PL 퇊රණ槊ෂර return to index

W wage (n), cf. ‘salary’ wage labour: 槔 වඩ kuli væDa wait (v, syn ‘stop’, ‘rest’, ‘stay’): නව뗒නව navatinavaa, cf. ‘stop’ wait (v); NPT-IND nævatii innavaa, PT n. unnaa / n. hiTiyaa S583, PP n. iňdalaa, IMP n. inna! S129 Wait a little! poDDak inna! English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 187 wait for (vi, ir): NPT-IND බල ඉ엊නව balaa innavaa / NPT-IND බල ඉ엊නව balaŋ innavaa R23 (lit. ‘watch and be’), PT b. unnaa / b. hiTiyaa S583, PP b. iňdalaa, IMP b. inna! S129; The children are anxious for the holidays: ළමය 엒වꗔව එනම බල엊 ඉ엊තොගෙ엊. <1> wait for (sb): NTP-IND බලන ඉ엊නව balaagana innavaa CS, waiter (n): තොගෙNJට veeTar; (උ엊නහ unnæhæ) waited: hiTTiya 5 -waka (name, suffix): -ව vaka, etym. ? Morawaka: තොගෙමරව ; wake (tr.): kuuddanavaa 20 wake (syn ‘get up’): NPT-IND න燒鷒නව nægiTinavaa; cf ‘get up’ wake up (intr.): avadi venavaa R22 -wala (name, suffix): -වල -vala, etym. ‘jungle’, or from ‘wela’=’paddy field’ ‘valavuva’ [walauwa W, or walawwa MO]: වලǔව, වලNJව a feudal manor house consisting of verandas and a central courtyard referred to as a මද 뷔ල ‘mæda midula’, is typical of the island’s traditional homes; the house of a native headman or person of distinction C575; carries the connotation for ‘aristocratic dwelling’ or ‘manor house’ <1>; cf. ‘maha gedara’ <1>, <2>, <3>, <4>, walk (vi, syn ‘stroll’): NPT-IND ඇǒ뷒නව ævidinavaa R23, PT æviddaa, PP ævidalaa, IMP ævidinna S320, GER ඇǒ뷓ම (i.e. walking), PRES.CON ævida ævida innavaa (is walking) SP1:111; Their little daughter can walk now: ee gollange cuuTi duvaTa dæn ævidinna puluvan <1> Walking is a very good exercise: ඇǒ뷓ම ඉ තොගෙහඳ NJයයමය槊. <1> walk (vi): NPT-IND පය යනව payiŋ yanavaa, PT p. giyaa, PP p. gihillaa, IMP p. yanna, wall (as fence, Norw. ‘brystvern’, ‘rekkverk’): 퇊පය taappee R21 wall (n., of building): �ත뗒ය bittiya S583, PL bitti; bicciya R21; බමම bæmma; piila half-wall (of a porch, stoop, verandah): koTa piila?/pila; compare ‘verandah’ There are pictures hanging on the wall: bittivala.PLGEN pintuura ellalaa.PP tiyenavaa. SG We hung the picture on the wall: අ퇒 퇒뗖රය �ත뗒තොගෙය එලව. <1> want, wanted (vt, expressing an idea of necessity): ඕන oonææ K23, ඕන oona R s.DAT when feelings are expressed: I want to learn tamil: මට.DAT තොගෙදමළ ඉන 엊න ඕනK23 I want an iPod: මට.DAT අයතොගෙප එ槊 ඕන What are you looking for? mahattayaaTa oona monavaada? NeLC s.NOM when obligations are expressed: The gentleman must buy fruit: mahattayaa.NOM palaturu ganna oona. FGdS41 I must go now: මම.NOM ද ය엊න ඕන K23 NEG: don’t want: epaa; ඕන න** oonæ nææ** [ඕ엊න* oonnæ*] I don’t want bananas: maTa keselgeDi epaa/maTa keselgeDi oona nææ. FGdS34 war (n): 뷊ධය yuddhaya [yuddhe] S244, 뷊ද, 뷊ධ yudda, ද yuda Because of yet more combat in Sri Lanka I am very scared: ලතොගෙව වත 뷊ද රන හ엊ද මට හ බයය. MAs171 Warakagoda (village near Pallegama, Deniyaya): [varakaagoDa] ‘the hamlet with ripe jack-fruit’ ward (n, hospital w.): ව鷊鷔ව vaaTTuva, PL vaTTu <1>, wardrobe (‘almirah’): අලමය almaariya (orig. Port. ‘aimário’) <1>, warm (adj): උ귔සම unusum; cf. ‘hot’ was, PT of be (v, ir): hiTTiyaa, tibbaa, tiyunaa R5, R22, R29, unnaa (animate) R5 wash (vt, VOL): NPT-IND තොගෙහදනව hoodanavaa R12, PT heeduvaa, PP hoodalaa, IMP hoodanna S308, PRES.CON hooda hooda innavaa (is washing) SP1:111, washing clothes: ændum hoodanavaa MAs73 Did you wash your hands (yourself – reflexive v)? oyaa ata hooda gattaa da? DC138 wash (vt, VOL): NPT-IND තොගෙස්සු දනව soodanavaa, PT seeduvaa, PP soodalaa, IMP soodanna S308 (used of washing inanitames, or portions of animates, e.g. the feet) English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 188 wash (vi, syn. ‘bathe’) NPT-IND නනව naanavaa, PT næævvaa R18 notes A6, PP naalaa, IMP naanna S276 (used of washing animates) <1>, PRES.CON nanaa innavaa (is washing/bathing) SP1:111, wash (Budd., of monks) NPT-IND තොගෙදවනය රනව doovanaya karanavaa <1>, PT d. kalaa, PP d. karalaa, IMP d. karanna I also washed the car: kaar ekat seeduvaa. FGdS244 wash (vi): NPT-IND heedenavaa, PT heedunaa, PP , IMP wasp (n): බඹර bam baraa <1>, waste (n): අපද්‍රද්‍රව‍ ව‍ apadravya, අප ද්‍රද්‍රව‍ ව‍ apa dravya (lit ‘off material’, prefix ‘apa’ i.e. ‘off’, ‘away’, ‘mis’) waste water pipe (n): අප ජලනළ (lit ‘waste pipe’) watch (n): ඔතොගෙලසව orloosuva R15 (Dutch ‘horloge’, SL Port. ‘orloz’) watch (vt), cf. ‘look (at)’ or ‘see’ watchman: රරය water (n): ව뗔ර vatura R10; joo [ʤo:] (CDS, child directed speech); ජලය jalaya; (Budd., Lit ‘temple water’) ප엊 pæn, as in ‘wash oneself’ (v for the clergy): ප엊 පහස තොගෙවනව pæn pahasu venavaa Still waters run deep (prov.):  ජලය පහ뷒ය (Lit ‘deep water is crystal’) water (vt, ir.): NPT-IND ව뗔ර දමනව** vatura daanavaa*, PT v. dæmmaa, PP v. daalaa, IMP v. daana S131 waterfall: ඇලල ælla, 뷒ය ඇලල diya ælla, PL æli NeLC12; ‘the seven-steps waterfall’ in Pallegama: හත මතොගෙල ඇලල<1>, <2>, <3>, water lily: ඕ oolu, ooluu mala <1>, <2>, blue water lily <3>, water melon (n, Agric, Citrullus lanatus, syn Cucumis melo): තොගෙමꗔ komaDu <1>, <2> water snake (n, Zool. Gerarda prevostiana): 뷒යබය diya bariyaa <1>, <2>, <3>, water vessel (of brass): sembuva -watta (name, suffix): -වත etym. ‘land’/’estate’ ‘wattle and daub’ wall (Nor (‘flettverksvegg’): ව臊ච බමම varicci bæmma; ව臊ච �ත뗒 varicci bitti; ව臊ව (පළලල); <2>, <3>, wave (n): ලල rælla way (n, syn. ‘route’): පර paara R9, R14e, PL පරවල paaraval, GEN paare; හ鷒ය hæTiyə, PL hæTi, cf. ‘manner’ (on the) way (adv, syn. ‘en route’): ම뷓 maga(di) R17, atara maga SG ‘I met a friend on the way’: ම 뷒 මට යᗔතොගෙව槊 හමබǔණ. NeLC13 I asked (from) him the way (to ...): mama eyaagen.ABL paara æhuvaa. <1> we (pron): api R1 to us (DAT): apiTa, apaTa FGdS276 from us (ABL): අතොගෙප all of us: අ퇒 ǔත <1> weak (adj): 뷔බල dubala weakness (n): 뷔බල dubalataa DC84 wealth: sampat(tiya) ‘wealth’ (n, idiom, syn ‘means’, ‘possession’): අට atamiTa, Lit ‘hand + fist’ wear (vi): NPT-IND අ췒නව aňdinavaa R16, PT ændaa R20, PP ændalaa, IMP aňdinna! S281, PT-REL ændapu the child washed the clothes [that he wore]: lamayaa [ohu ændapu] redi heduvaa <1> weather (n): ල燔නය kaalagunaya [kaalǝgunee] Today is a nice weather: අද ල燔නය තොගෙහඳය. <1> weave (vt): NPT-IND ǒයනව viyanavaa (i.e. also ‘cook’ in Southern Sinhala), PT vivvaa, PP viyalaa, IMP viyanna S290 <1> English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 189 She is weaving coconut branches: එය ǒය엊තොගෙන තොගෙපල අ뗔. FSI2:33 weave (vt, syn. ‘knit’): NPT-IND තොගෙනව gotanavaa, PT getuvaa DC67, PP gotalaa, IMP gotanna, GER තොගෙ뗓ම getiima S307 (i.e. ‘fabrication’, ‘knitting’, e.g. �රᗔ තොගෙ엊ද තොගෙ뗓ම <1>) The spider is weaving a net: ම槔ᗔව දල槊 තොගෙනව: <1>, Grandma crotched a nice lace: aacci lassana reendayak getuvaa. SP1:44 be woven (vi): NPT-IND තොගෙතොගෙනව getenavaa DC69 Wedelia trilobata (Bot): <1>, wedding (n): ම燔ල magula S475; wedding house and its festivities: ම燔ලතොගෙ magul gee S475 <1>, ම燔ලතොගෙදර magulgedara CS; When is the wedding? ǔද ද ම燔ලතොගෙග? He might invite you to his younger sister’s wedding also: එය එයතොගෙ න燒තොගෙ ම燔ලතොගෙදරට ඔයටත ආරදන රය. <1> wedding platform (on which a bride and groom stands, at a Sinhala wedding): මල තොගෙපව maŋgula pooruva web site (n): තොගෙව� අඩǒය veb aDaviya The prices are to be found on their website.ABL: ළ ණ엊 ඒ අයතොගෙ තොගෙව� අඩǒතොගෙය엊 엊න 퇔ව엊. <1> Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merrill (Bot., med. herb): ර엊ව엊 槓 ක췒 ranvan kii kiriňdi <1>, weed (n): වලපළ val pæla, ණතොගෙළ (i.e. ‘grass’) There are a lot of weeds (vegetation) here: තොගෙමන තොගෙබතොගෙහම වල වǒලල 뗒තොගෙයනව. A59 weed (v): NPT-IND තොගෙනලනව, තොගෙනළනව nelanavaa, PT weed (with hoe) (vt): NPT-IND උද නව udalu gaanavaa SdS89 weeder (n, agric): වල තොගෙනලනය <1>, week (n): සමනය sumaanaya, sumaanee* R20 (orig. Port. ‘semana’), PL සමන sumaana; ස්සු 뗒ය satiya, PL sati I want to stay in that area for a week or two: මට තොගෙම පලතොගෙ ස්සු 뗒ය槊 තොගෙද槊 ඉ엊න ඕන. When you come to Kandy next week, come to our home also: ඔය ලබන සමතොගෙන නවර ආවම අතොගෙ퇊 තොගෙදරටත එ엊න. CS four days a week: සමතොගෙනට දවස්සු හර槊 sumaanekaTa davas hatarak two days per week: සමතොගෙනට දවස්සු තොගෙදය sumaaneTa davas dekayi. BH30 weekend (n): ස්සු 뗒 අ엊ය** sati ante* තොගෙස්සු නසරදය ඉදය කය엊තොගෙන “ස්සු 뗒 අ엊තොගෙ” weekly (adj): ස්සු 뗒ප satipataa, ස්සු 뗒ය槊 තොගෙන satiyak gaane, සමනය槊 තොගෙන sumaanayak gaane K396 Weherahena Temple: තොගෙවතොගෙහරතොගෙහන ǒහරය veheraheena vihaaraya (lit ‘monastery+cleared land temple’); famous Buddhist temple in Matara <1>, weep: aňDanavaa R16 Wednesday: බදද badaadaa R19 (Lit ‘Mercury day’, day of බද) weigh (v): NPT-IND කරනව kiranavaa, PT kiruvaa, PP , INF=IMP kiranna weight (n): බර bara R28 under weight: බර අꗔ; normal: ස්සු මන ; over weight: බර අꗒ; obese: රබ; very obese: අꗒ රබ weight (v): NPT-IND කරනව kiranavaa While in the factory, the leaves are weighted: ප槊තොගෙ鷊තොගෙය뷒 දකරනව. SdS89 well (n): ᗒඳ liňda [liňdə] R20, PL liŋ <1>, dig a well, i.e. scrape out, excavate (vt): NPT-IND liňdak හරනව haaranavaa R26 well (adv): hoňdaTa, hoňdin R13, R21B9 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 190 as well as; cf. ‘as much as’ went, PT of go (v): 燒ය giyaa R2 west, western (adv): බටහර baTahira Western Province: බස්සු නහර පළ basnaahira palaata; divided into 3 districts, Colombo, Gampaha and Kalutara <1>, <2>, wet (adj): තොගෙ teta, තොගෙත tet, wet (vt): NPT-IND තොගෙමනව temanavaa DC160, PT temuvaa DC67, PP , IMP make wet (vt): NPT-IND තොගෙත රනව tet karanavaa K396 get wet (vi): NPT-IND තොගෙත තොගෙවනව tet venavaa K396 get wet (vi): NPT-IND temenavaa DC160, PT තොගෙන, PP , IMP Hey, cloths are getting wet! anna, redi temenavaa! <1> The paddy gets wet from the rain.DAT: වස්සු ස්සුට Ǔ තොගෙතොගෙමනව. G32 wet evergreen forest (n, Bot.): තොගෙතස්සු දහ වන엊රය , තොගෙත ස්සු දහ වන엊ර (cf. ‘tropical rain forest’) <1>, <2>, wetness (n): තොගෙමනය tetamanaya [tetǝmǝnee GP8] what? තොගෙම槊 ද?** mokak-da** [තොගෙම뷊ද* mokaddə*] R3, mokada R4 what things? monavaa-da R4; තොගෙමන තොගෙමනවද? mona monavaada (what are they?) K30 for what? තොගෙමතොගෙ槊 ද mokee-da; For what is this cloth?තොගෙම තොගෙමතොගෙ槊 තොගෙර뷊ද? CS on what? තොගෙමතොගෙ槊 ද; On what is the child seated? ළමය වꗒතොගෙවල ඉ엊තොගෙන තොගෙමතොගෙ槊 ද? wheat (n.): 뗒緔 tiriňgu (orig. Port. ‘tringo’) wheel: තොගෙරදය roodaya [roode] (orig. Port. ‘roda’) when (used about simultaneous, not sequential actions): v.NPT.VADJ + තොගෙට -koTa R21 When one of us drives, the other sleeps: අ퇒 එ槊තොගෙතොගෙන槊 එළවනතොගෙට, අ엒ත එ槊තොගෙන 엒ද 엊නව. MAs265 When there isn’t rain, one can work: වස්සු ව න뗒 තොගෙට වඩ ර엊න 퇊ᗔව엊. JWG2:152 when (used about sequential actions): -ම -ma; (seldom) v.PT.VADJ/PP.VAJD + හම -hama When the Titanic sank, a lot of people died: ටයට엒槊 නව 燒නම හඟ槊 තොගෙදතොගෙන槊 මන. MAs65 When you come to Sri Lanka, teach me some English: ඔය ලවට ආවම මට ඉග්‍රීග්‍රීස‍ 鷒槊 කයල තොගෙද엊න. MAs265 Tell me when you write the letter (i.e. once you have finished it): oyaa liyuma livvaama maTa kiyanna. K181 When the boss has come, I’ll work: මහතය ආව හම/ආ퇔 හම මම වඩ ර엊න엊. JWG152 when (adv, which day)? වද ද?** kavadaa-da** R4, [ව뷊ද* kavaddə*] NeLC3 when? (syn. ‘at what time?) kiiyaTa-da SG; koyi kaale-da FGdS312 When is the Matara bus (leaving)? maatara bas eka kiiyaTada tiyenne? SG At about what time? kiyaaTa vitarada? At about nine: nameeTa vitara. FGdS152 When is the Kandy Perahera held? nuvara perahæra pavattanne koyi kaale-da? FGdS312 When was that? ee koyi kaale-da? FGdS354 whence? kohen-da R10 where? koo (exclamation) R2, kotana-da, kohe-da R4, R18A22, R30 where from? තොගෙතොගෙහ엊තොගෙ뷊, තොගෙතොගෙහඳ? where (do you have) it from? තොගෙතොගෙහ엊තොගෙ뷊 ඕ? <1> wherever (syn ‘no matter where it be’): තොගෙතොගෙහ උනතkohe unat Wherever it may be, he goes by bus: එය තොගෙතොගෙහ උනත ය엊තොගෙන බස්සු එතොගෙ엊. K180, <1> whether…or not… (conj.): -ත -t …-ත -t English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 191 whether my father goes or not: ත 燒යත නත CS¨ Whether the gentleman works or not, I give (him) money: mahatmayaa væDa karanavaa hari nokaranavaa hari mama salli denavaa. DG81 I do not know whether the father go to the office or not: taattaa kantooruvaTa yanavaa da noyanavaa da mama daane nææ / taattaa kantooruvaTa yanavaa da nædda mama danne nææ. DG81 whether (conj.): -da kiyalaa S200 Michel asked whether Nimal is coming: nimal enavaada kiyalaa mishel æhuvaa. S200 which? mona, koyi R10, R20A8, R21; which child: koyi lamayaa which one? (inanim.): kooka-da R10 which one? (anim.): kookaa-da R11 which ones? koyivaa, koovaa R10 which animate ? mokaa-da R11 What animal is under the table? අර තොගෙමතොගෙස්සු යට ඉ엊තොගෙන තොගෙම ද? CS ’which spot’ (demonstrative, interrogative form): තොගෙන kotana NeLC7 Which is better – A or B? væDiye hoňda – ‘A’-da ‘B’-da? FGdS2:66 while: gaman [gamaŋ]; v + -ddi, i.e. contemporaneous transformation While the boy eats rice, he cries: lamayaa bat kana gaman aňDanavaa. DG65; While coming I saw Nimal.ACC: mama nimalva ena gaman dækkaa. / mama eddi nimalva dækkaa. S148 My mother says not to talk while eating: ම 뷊뷒 ර엊න එප කයල අමම කයනව. MAs185; While the man was doing that work, he was injured: 엒හ ඒ වඩ ර뷊뷒 뗔වල උන; While the mechanic repaired the car, I read a book: බස්සු උ엊නතොගෙහ  එ හස්සු ස්සු뷊뷒 මම තොගෙපත කවව. JWG2:147-148; While I was writing the report, the boss came: මම වව ය뷊뷒 තොගෙබස්සු ආව. K240 in a little while (n): 鷒ක엊 Tikakin, 鷒 තොගෙවලවක엊 Tika velaavakin (lit. ‘in a bit of time’) BH28 I will tell (you) in a little while: මම ව 鷒 තොගෙවලවක엊 කය엊නම. BH28 white (adj): ස뷔පට, ස뷔 sudu R3, R7A24 milk-white: kiri sudu white man, ‘white fellow’, ‘Briton’: ස뷊ද suddaa R24A11, DC84, සද sudaa whitewash (v): saayam gaanavaa R27 whither? kohaaTa-da R4 ‘who’: relativization by using verbal adjective The child who reads books…: pot kiyavana.NPT-REL lamayaa The child who can’t read books…: pot kiyavanna bæri lamayaa K97 The child who is writing a bok: potak liyana lamayaa <1>, The gentleman who became.PT-REL the head teacher in our school: apee iskoole mul guruvarayaa una mahattayaa G100 who? ǔද kavuda [kavdə] R4, PL kavuru-da R30 Who is coming? kavda enne? Who gives money? kavda denne salli? Someone is coming: kavda enavaa Someone is running: kavda duvanavaa whole (adj): ᗔ mulu…ma FGdS the whole journey.EMP: mulu gamana ma FGdS182 For the whole journey (it) takes.NPT.EMP (only) two and half hours: mulu gamanaTa ma ganne pæya deka hamaarayi. FGdS182 in all of Ceylon: mulu laŋkaave ma FGdS188 You should eat whole the banana.AM: ඔබ තොගෙතොගෙස්සු ල තොගෙꗒයම 엊න ඕන. <1> It rained during the whole month: ᗔ මතොගෙස්සු ම වස්සු ස්සු. <1> whom? kaava R15A27 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 192 whose: තොගෙගද kaageeda whose.GEN book are you giving (to) me.DAT? kaage potada maTa denne? SG why? ඇය æyi, තොගෙමද mokada R4 that's why: ඒය eekayi R19A3 That’s why I thought of going: eekayi mama yanna kalpanaa keruve. FGdS372 Why do (you) drink (alcohol)? ඇය තොගෙබ엊න? CS Why (are you) going back? ඇය ආපහ ය엊තොගෙ엊? FSI2:129 Why (are you) going in January, Sir? මහතය ජනව මතොගෙස්සු ය엊තොගෙ엊 තොගෙම ද? Why don’t you go in March? මහතය ම뗔 මතොගෙස්සු ය엊තොගෙ엊 [ය엊] නතතොගෙත තොගෙම ද? FSI2:130 Why silent these days, much work (to do)? තොගෙමද 엒ශශ ෂ ෂ�ද‍ තොගෙම දවස්සු වල තොගෙඩ槊 වඩද? SG Wickramasinghe (n): e.g. ම鷒엊 ǒක්‍රක්‍රමසහ‍ Martin Wickramasinghe <1>, <2>, Wickremasinghe, Ranil (n): ර엒ල ǒක්‍රමසහ <1>, <2>, <3>, wide (adj): පළල palal widen, make wide (v): පළල රනව palal karanavaa become wide (v): පළල තොගෙවනවpalal venavaa width (n / adj): පළල palala, PL palalaval wife (n, elevated form): භාෂාවල් දැනගන්යව** bhaaryaava, bhaaya????; පǔල pavula; තොගෙනන noonaa my wife (colloq): bæňdalaa inna ekkenaa (lit. ‘married one’), gedara ekkenaa (‘the one in the house’) FSI:3:83 Wijetunga, Dingiri Banda (n): ජන쇒ප뗒 ඩ.�. ǒතොගෙ觊뗔 dii bii vijeetuŋga <1>, <2>, Wild boar (Zool., Sus scrofa): වල ඌර val uuraa <1>, wild olive (n): (රට) තොගෙවරᗔ veralu, ඔNJ oliv; spp: Elaeocarpus glandulifer, Elaeocatpus serratus weralu, Elaeocarpus subvillosus Arn. gal-weralu, E. amoenus Thw. titta-weralu. <1>, <2>, <3>, Wild rooster, cf. ‘junglefowl’ win (vi): NPT-IND 뷒නනව dinanavaa, PT dinuvaa DC67, PP dinalaa, INF=IMP dinanna S289 The girl who / that plays chess has won the championship: තොගෙචස්සු හන (귔) ළමය ශරවය 뷒නල. <1> wind: හළඟ* hulaňga, PL හළ hulaŋ R24, සළඟ** sulaňga, cf. ‘winnow’ window (n): ජතොගෙ엊ලය janeelaya [janeele] R14 (orig. Port. ‘janélla’), PL janeela wine (n): වය엊 vayin, e.g. ර뗔 වය엊 Ǔ뷔ව槊 <1> winged bean (Bot. Posphocarpus tetragonolbus): dabala <1> winnow (n, agric): 槔ලල kulla <1>, winnow (v, agric): NPT-IND හළ හනව hulaŋ gahanavaa C740, PT h. , PP h. , IMP h. gahanna; NPT- IND හළ රනව hulaŋ karanavaa FSI:2:285, PT h. keruvaa, PP h. karalaa, IMP h. karanna; NPT-IND තොගෙපළනව polanavaa FSI:2:285 (syn. ‘fan’, ‘sift’), PT peluvaa, PP p, IMP p <1>, <2>, Having winnowed the unhusked rice, put it into gunny bags: vii hulaŋ karalaa, goonivalaTa damanna. FSI:2:283 winter (n, Lit ‘snow season’): හම තොගෙල hima kaalee; wipe (v): NPT-IND 퇒හදනව pihadaanavaa R24b / pihidaanavaa R24, PT , PP , INF=IMP wipe (v): NPT-IND 퇒හනව pihinavaa R24b, PT , PP , INF=IMP wire (n): ම� kambi (syn. ‘cable’) MAs322, වයර vayira CS, wise (adj): නණවත nænavat ‘wiseman giving foolish advice’ (idiom): මහදන ත CS, මහදනත MAS (syn ‘clever dick’) wish (v.): kæmati R6 English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 193 wish (v): NPT-IND ප්‍රථන රනව praarthanaa karanavaa, PT p. kalaa, PP p. karalaa, INF=IMP p. karanna සයම රස ජනවට සබ අත අǔ뷊ද槊 ප්‍රප්‍රථන‍ රනව. -wita (name, suffix): -ǒට -viTa, etym. ‘hillock’/’mountain’ with: -t ekka R17, ekkama R25, ekkala R15; ළඟ laňga (syn. ‘by’); ස්සු ම** samaga (prep) She is playing with elder sister: eyaa akkat ekka sellam karanavaa. NeLC Tomorrow a friend of mine is coming to study with me: heTa mage yaaluvek enavaa, maat ekka paaDam karanna NeLC3 Chitra talked with everyone: citraa kavurut ekka kataa kalaa. <1> with/by us: api laňga FGdS19 I have money with me: man laňga salli tiyenavaa. <1> When you go to Colombo, we’ll go with you: oyaa kolam baTa yana-koTa api oyat-ekka yannaŋ. GP54 The company entered into a contract.DAT with the government: ස්සු මම රජය ස්සු ම තොගෙ엊ත්‍රත්‍රත뗔වට‍ ඇ뗔ල ǔණ.** <1> within: ætulaTa, ætule R25; cf. ‘inside’ without (adv): න뗒ව nætiva R14, nætuva R15, R25a tea without sugar: tee nætuva siini T How can you learn without books? pot nætuva igenaganne kohomada? FGdS280 That lady always gives clothes to people without money: ee noonaa salli næti ayaTa nitarama æňduŋ denavaa. (For) children.DAT who don’t go to school, it is hard.AM to find a job: iskoole yanne næti lamayinTa rassaavak hoyaaganna amaaruyi. <1> We couldn’t have done all this without you. ඔය තොගෙනහ鷒ය නම අපට තොගෙම臊චර තොගෙ뷊වල ර엊න තොගෙව엊තොගෙන නහ. <1> I shall not go home without my dog: mama magee ballaa nætuva gedara yanne nææ. DG76 wolf (n): වය** vurkayaa, PL vurkayo woman: 엒 gææni R2, R16 (SG form considered insulting), indef.anim. gææniyek DC91, PL gæænu (not stigmatized, FSI3:83); ස්සු ත strii [istri], තොගෙනන noona (cf. ‘lady’ තොගෙනන) that woman (syn. ‘she’): ee gææni R2, ææ G8, to become a (big) woman: loku venavaa; malvara venavaa (lit ‘blossom’) JBD4:157 wonder (n): 퇔뷔මය** pudume* wonder (vi): NPT-IND 퇔뷔ම තොගෙවනව puduma venavaa, PT p. vunaa, PP p. velaa, INF=IMP p. venna woodapple (Bot. Limonia acidissima syn. Feronia elephantum): ǔඇපල vuDæpal; 뷒ǔල divul (Western DIAL) <1> woodpecker (n): රල kææralaa, PL kæærallu; තොගෙ鷊තොගෙටව koTTooruvaa <1>, wool (n): තොගෙලම lom, තොගෙලම තොගෙර뷒 lom redi word: වචනය vacane, PL වචනවල*, වචන vacana** (syn. ‘vocabulary’) MAs1:, DG25 having spoken these words: වචනවල ර තොගෙන JBD4:532 wore: ændaa 20 work (n, in general): වඩ væDa R4, ම kam DC84, cf. ‘job’ piece of work (lasting for a short period of time): වතොගෙ væDee R4 dirty piece of work: balu væDee 17 a stupid deed: තොගෙ වඩ槊 gon væDak work (vt, ir): NPT-IND වඩ රනව væDa karanavaa, PT v. kalaa, PP v. karalaa, IMP v. karanna S130 work hard: මහ엊ස තොගෙවනව Parents toil on behalf of their children: තොගෙදමNJ퇒තොගෙය දතොගෙව තොගෙවනතොගෙව엊 මහ엊ස තොගෙවනව. When you cultivate, you must work hard: තොගෙǒ රන තොගෙට මහ엊ස තොගෙව엊න ඕන. CS work (vt, ir): rassaaval karanavaa (lit ‘doing jobs’) BH6, English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 194 worker (n, syn. ‘labourer’): මව kamkaruvaa, PL kamkaru DC84 <1>; væDa kaarayaa (‘good worker’); 槔රය kuliikaarayaa, PL kuliikaarayo workshop (n): වඩපළ væDapala, PL væDapalaval FGdS70 world (n): තොගෙලය lookaya S245, lookee R30, ǒශව vishva (syn ‘universal’, ‘all’, ‘international’) world famous (adj): තොගෙල ප්‍රප්‍රස뷊ධ‍ looka prasiddha [prəsiddhə]; world’s teachers’ day: තොගෙල 燔 뷒නය looka guru dinee <1>; World Bank: තොගෙල බ槔ව; ‘this world’ (‘on earth’): තොගෙමතොගෙලව melova; ‘other world’: එතොගෙලව elova worm (n): ප귔ව panuvaa, PL panuvo; e.g. තොගෙම엊තොගෙයන මර ප귔ව <1>, <2>, <3>, intestinal worms: බඩ ප귔තොගෙව Wormia sp. (Bot., TRF tree): diyapara worn: gevenavaa 50 worried (adj, s.DAT / s.NOM if cause is mentioned): bayayi.AM I’m very afraid. Will this one bite me? maTa.DAT hari bayayi.AM. muu hapayda? S229 I am worried about you: Oba gæna maTa.DAT bayayi.AM. He/she is very afraid of dogs: eyaa.NOM ballanTa.DAT hari bayayi. S230 worriedly (colloq, adv, syn ‘in fear’): bayen bayen FGdS2:86 worry (v): NPT-IND රදර තොගෙවනව karadara venavaa [karǝdǝrǝ v.], PT k. vunaa, PP k. velaa, INF=IMP k. venna He has a lot of worry these days: තොගෙම දවස්සු වල එයට හඟ槊 රදර. G34 worry about (v), cf. ‘afraid for’ worship (n): ව췓ම vaňdiima (GER of vaňdinavaa) worship (v): NPT-IND නම뷒නව namadinavaa, PT ; cf. ‘bow in worship’ worship (vt): NPT-IND ව췒නව vaňdinavaa, PT vændaa, PP vaňalaa, INF=IMP vaňdanna I worship mother.DAT: mama ammaaTa vaňdinavaa. DG92 the man who was.PT-REL going to worship (sth/sbd): vaňdinna yanna hiTiya minihaa DC133 worshipping the gods and the Buddha (colloq): තොගෙදǒය엊 �뷔엊 ව췒නව deviyan budun vaňdinavaa No goods are sold before worshipping (colloq): vaňdinna issellaa baDu vikunanne næhæ. <1> worship (v, syn. ‘offer’, ‘sacrifice’): NPT-IND 퇖ජ රනව puujaa karanavaa CS Take something of a portion of those money and give to the temple: ඒ ස්සු ල ව엊 තොගෙමනවහ අරතොගෙන ප엊ස්සු ලට 퇖ජ ර엊න. MAs171 ‘worshiper’ (n, Budd., monk addressing layman, syn. ‘devotee’) උපස්සු upaasaka mahattaya, upaasikaava (male layman); upaasaka noonaa (female layman) <1>, ‘would’ (v), colloq expression consisting of v.PT + conditional particle ‘naŋ’/’nam’; cf. ‘come’, ‘doctor’ DC256 It would be nice.AM if someone brought that table here.DAT: kavuruhari ara meesa metanTa gattaa nam hoňdayi; It would be great if that little amount of flowers are brought here: atana tiyena mal Tika metanTa genaavot nam maru <1> wound (n): 뗔වලය tuvaalee R24 Blood is flowing from the wound.ABL: tuvaalen lee galanavaa. DC117 wound (vt): NPT-IND 뗔වල රනව tuvaala karanavaa, PT t. kalaa S585, PP t. karalaa, IMP t. karanna! S130 wound (vi, syn., ‘become a wound’, ‘chap’): NPT-IND 뗔වල තොගෙවනව tuvaala venavaa, PT t. unaa S585, PP t. velaa, IMP t. venna! S125 wow: ෂ shaa, i.e. a slang used by ‘refined’ segments of the Sri Lankan society to express pleasurable surprise (similar to wow!) wrap (v, ): NPT-IND ඔනව otanavaa, PT etuvaa R12, DC67, Wrightia antidysenterica (L.): ඉ뷊ද idda <1> wrist watch (n): අත ඔතොගෙලසව, PL at orloosu English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 195 write (vt): NPT-IND යනව liyanavaa R2, PT liivaa R3, R12, PP liyalaa, IMP liyanna S290, GER Ǔම liviima, PRES.CON liya liya innavaa (is writing) SP1:111, තොගෙනය, තොගෙනය (‘without writing’) You (PL) are writing a letter: oya gollo lipiyak liyanavaa F1 Don’t forget to write: liyum liyanna amataka (amətəkə) karanna epaa! There are some letters that I wrote.PT-REL: maŋ livva liyum vagayak tiyenavaa. Literary Sinhala: mama liyami, ohu liyayi, api liyamu** Who wrote the book Ranjit bought? kauru liyapu pota-da ranjit gatte? kauda liyapu pota ranjit gatte? <1> He went home without writing the letter: එය ම තොගෙනය තොගෙදර 燒ය. <1> He wrote that there are.AM many elephants in Ceylon.GEN: එය ලතොගෙව අ හඟ槊 ඉ엊නවය කයල NJව. JWG2:63 Write down (for yourself) the answers quickly: ඉ槊මනට උතර 鷒 ය 엊න. S242 write (spontaneously) (v): NPT-IND යතොගෙවනව liyavenavaa writer (n, verbal noun): liyannaa, ‘person who writes or secretary’ DC49, liyanni (female writer) DC84 writing (n, verbal noun): liyana eka; liyapu eka (writing in the past, or what has been written) DC50; Ǔම liviima MAs16 wrong (adj/adv): වර뷒 væradi R20 It is wrong: eeka væradiyi; That answer is wrong: ee uttaraya væradiyi. make wrong (v): varaddanavaa R23, cf. ‘mislead’, ‘mistake’ return to index

Y ය ය ය ය ය   ය ය ය තොගෙය තොගෙ බය තොගෙය තොගෙය තොගෙය තොගෙය තොගෙ බය තොගෙය තොගෙය තොගෙය ya yā yæ yæ yi yī yu yū yṛ yṝ ye yē yai yo yō yau

ya (grammar): ය post particle that introduces an indirect statement The man said that he was going home: minihaa gedara yanavaa ya kivvaa. DG75 ‘yak’, PL yakku: devil, demon, demigod C506 ‘Yala’: season based on the monsoon which brings rain from May to June, and the crops are harvested by September. yams (n, PL only): අලය ala, kiri ala, hingurala, rajaala <1>, different kinds of yam: ala batala -yanna: names of letters of Sinhalese alphabet R8s ‘yansee’: a phonetic sign R16s yard (n): 뷔ල midula R24 Mother is spreading (for drying) paddy on the ground: ammaa midule.LOC vii vananavaa. DC118 yard (n, i.e. measure): යරය** yaare* yawn (n): ඈනම æænuma, PL æænum yawn (v): ඈනම අනව æænum arinavaa, æænum yanavaa I yawn (Lit ‘To me, yawns go’): maTa æænum yanavaa. <1> year (n): වෂය varşaya, වස්සු ර** vasara** year 1948: varşa ekdahas navasiya hatalis aTa year 1971: varşa ekdahas navasiya hættææ eka year 2011: වෂ තොගෙදදහස්සු එතොගෙළහ varşa dedahas ekolaha English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 196 year 1962 A.D.: kristu varşa/varşen ek daas navasiya hæTa deka FGdS363 year 2000 B.D.: kristu varşen issara dedaaha 2006 13th of July: තොගෙද දස්සු හය වස්සු තොගෙ ජ මස්සු දහ뗔엊 තොගෙව엒ද. CS 21 years imprisonment for Norwegian mass murder.GEN-charged Breivik.DAT: තොගෙනතොගෙNJ ස්සු හ ඝනතොගෙ ච뷒 �තොගෙරයǒ槊ට වස්සු ර ǒස එ සර දඬවම槊** <1> ‘in a year’: year.GEN + -뷒 -di, e.g. ‘in 1961’: ek daas navasiya hæTa eke-di FGdS363 year, New Year: අǔ뷊ද avurudda, GEN avurudde, PL avurudu R20, R25b10; Avurudda is on 14th April, but the rituals and ceremonies begin on 13th, which is technically the Old Year. <1>, <2>, <3>, the year’s work: අǔ뷊තොගෙද වඩ By next year we will have been living here for 10 years. ලබන අǔ뷊දට අ퇒 අǔ뷔 දහය槊 තොගෙමතොගෙහ. <1> yell (v), cf. ‘shout’ yellow (adj): හ; yellow colour (n): හ පට haha paaTa yes: (1) ඔNJ ov, used as an affirmative answer to questions R5; (2) හ haa, haaŋ (pronounced with nasalization), common way of answering commands or requests affirmatively, however not used as an answer to questions <1>; (3) ehemayi (Lit ‘that’s true’), not ov! when talking to a monk MAs12 Banda, come here: banDaa mehaaTa enna! Yes, Sir: haa, mahattayaa. Are you going to Colombo, Banda? banDaa kolam ba yanavaa-da? Yes, Sir: ov, mahattayaa. FGdS2:87 yesterday (adv): iiye R1, R3 yesterday was Sunday: iiye davasa iridaa SG the day before yesterday (n): තොගෙපතොගෙද pereedaa R17 the day before the day before yesterday (n): පළද CS if Sunday is tomorrow, what day was before yesterday? heTa iridaa nam, pereyidaa kavadaada? SG yet (adv, syn. ‘still’): tava, වත tavat R6 yet another: tavat R6 -yi: copula R3, R8e, R10c, R10d; future termination R14 -yi: -ය assertion marker, suffix to wovel-final adjectives when occurring predicatively. DC51 The fruit is big.AM: තොගෙꗒය තොගෙල槔ය; The child is good.AM: ළමය තොගෙහඳය; The water is hot.AM: ව뗔ර උනය. DC51 It is the elder sister.AM, who came yesterday: අ槊ය ඊතොගෙය ආතොගෙව. CS yield: පලදව paladaava K87 <1>, in some trees the yield is more: තොගෙපල槊 ස්සු වල පලදව වꗒයK87 yoghurt (n): තොගෙය鷊 yoogaT you (pron. 2SG; gradation number (..) indicating rank, DC268): (1) pron. ඔබ වහ엊තොගෙස්සු oba vahanse (Lit ‘you reverend’, ‘your highness’); for addressing a Buddhist priest, also ස්සු ව엊 වහ엊තොගෙස්සු ‘svamiin vahanse’ DC270 <1>, (2.1) n. 엊න엊තොගෙස්සු tamunnaanse R1 (Lit ‘you honorific’); for a Buddhist priest or a person of high respect (2.2) obatuma; respectful R1 (3.1) pron. 3SG 엊නතොගෙහ munnæhe; n. mahattayaa (Mr.) / noonaa mahattayaa (Mrs./lady); when addressing a superior or a stranger R1 (3.2) උ엊නතොගෙහ unnæhe, unnæhæ; respectful speech in the village R1; loku unnæhæ (Lit ‘big he’), address used to elderly people of moderate status R4 (3.3) pron. 3SG mehee; (3.4) pron. ඔතොගෙහ ohee R5 (Southern DIAL, JBD4:137); respectful speech in the village R1, PL oheelaa English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 197 (4) pron. ඔය oyaa* (standard, lit’that person’, expression typical of female speakers <1>), PL oyaalaa, oya gollo R1, oya golla; meyaa; used to address equals, commonly used between friends and intimates R1; මච macan* (typical of male speakers <1>); (Budd., between monks of similar age/status) උ엊න엊තොගෙස්සු unnaanse (5) n. තොගෙස්සු tamuse R1, PL tamuselaa; respectful R1, slightly inferior in rank, husband to wife DC268; also said to be a term of address between equals FSI2:47 (6) pron. උඹ um ba, PL um balaa; used only between sisters/brothers or with very close friends and inferiors; bola(ŋ), in more intimate connections in the village R1 or between intimates FSI:2 (7) pron. තොගෙ too*; impol., used only with anger S447 or within the family FSI:2 (0) pron. 2SG ඔබ oba**; neutral pron.; used in school textbooks, in the media DC268 (?) baŋ බ intimate R1 (also ‘hey you’ CS); ayise R7A21 young (adj): ණ taruna R16, බල baala CS, Young Men’s Buddhist Association (Y.M.B.A.): taruna bavuddha saŋgamaya When I was young, I went for a Tamil class: mama puŋci kaale demala igenaganna.NPT-REL pantiyakaTa giyaa NeLC3 younger (adj, i.e. ‘very young’): බල baala R8 younger sister (n): න燓 naŋgi R21, PL naŋgilaa younger brother (n): මල malli R21, PL mallilaa youngest (in the family): baDapissaa (colloq) your: umbe R10 youth (n): ණය tarunayaa, PL tarunayo K397; cf ‘adolescent’ (M ටය F 鷒ස්සු ස) youthful (adj): ණ taruna youthfulness (n): ණම tarunakama -yæ (i.e. question marker in a negative-question); cf. ‘question marker’ yæ (grammar): ය post particle making an affirmative statement negative and vice versa. The man does not go home: minihaa gedara yanavaa yæ. DG74 return to index

Z zeal (n, syn ‘spirit’, Norw ‘iver’): උන엊뷔ව unanduva, PL unandu K397 I should think that they.DAT don't care to see us.ACC.: මම හ엊තොගෙන අ퇒ව හමබ තොගෙව엊න එයලට උන엊뷔ව槊 නහ. <1> zero (n): �엊뷔ව binduva MAs13 Zingiber officinale L. (Bot., medicinal plant, Eng. ginger): ඉ緔 inguru, inguru wel (to treat colds). <1>, <2>, Ziziphus jujuba (n, Bot, ‘apple-like fruit’, Eng ‘jujube’): මස්සු 엊 masan [masaŋ] <1>, <2>, zone (n): ලපය kalaapaya / kalaape, PL kalaapa; e.g. ‘wet zone’: තොගෙත ලපය <1>; ‘Katunayake Free Trade Zone’: 鷔නය 엒දහස්සු තොගෙවළඳ ලපය <1>; zoo (n): ස්සු තව උ뷊යනය satva udyaanaya (Lit ‘animal garden’) Zoysa (n, surname, orig. Port): තොගෙස්සු යස්සු soyisaa [soisa] X Xanthium strumarium (Linn) (Bot., tall weed, medicinal): ඌ තොගෙස්සු ස්සුuuru kossa <1>, Xylopia championii L. (Bot., TRF understorey): English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 198 Æ ඇ ඈ æ æ

Æsala (name of a month): ඇස්සු ළ æsala R22; cf ‘Kandy Perahera’ return to index --- තොගෙහඳය, දනට ඇ뗒 තොගෙ엊ද? (OK, that’s enough for now, isn’t it?) http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/bitstream/10092/3440/1/thesis_fulltext.pdf aḍauva - also known as saudama. It is a salutation verse in which the drumming mimics the phonetics of each line of the verse. adura - priest akṣara - drum syllables alankāra - drum embellishments älavanguva - long hand-held chisel aňgul - length from the first joint above the palm, to the end of the index finger antādiya (plural antādi) - prelude pattern ārambhaka pada - introductory pattern āvadana padē - blessing pattern bali - also known as bali yāga, bali śāntikaṛma, bali tovil ritual dedicated to planetary deities bara - slow and heavy tempo bera gäṭiya - the woven ring around the edge of the drumhead bera kaňda - body of the drum bera lanuva - waist strap of the drum berava - the caste to which the drummers traditionally belong beraya - drum bhāvaprakāṣana - expression of characteristics of a supernatural beings through dance bisō kapa - bough of the Queen boraňdaṃ ratā - decorations on the drum boruvara ädīma - fake strapping dalumura pūjāva - offering of betel leaves danḍa - stick davula - the main instrument of the Sabaragamuwa deviyanṭa pin dīma - giving thanks to deities deviyo - deities devol maḍuva - outdoor communal ritual of the Low-Country dola - food offerings for demons doloha deviyo - Twelve Gods dōsa - malevolent influences dummala - resin dummala padē - pattern associated with incensing ritual objects or ritual space English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 199 gaman tālaya - walking metre, characteristic Low-Country dance gammaḍuva - larger, older version of the devol maḍuva gäṭa beraya - the main instrument of the Up-Country gäṭiväla - a bamboo ring placed around the edge of the drum gok kola - tender coconut leaves graha deviyo - planetary deities graha pūjāva - a commonly held ritual for planetary deities hai taṭṭuva - thicker membrane of the Low-Country drum hak geḍiya - conch shell häkma - thick outer layer of skin on the drum. Also known as käpum hama hamāra pada, hamāre - ending pattern haraḿba - exercises hat aḍiya - a version of the bali ritual with segment symbolizing seven steps taken by Prince Siddhartha at his birth. hat pada pelapāliya - ritual of seven dances hatara varam deviyo - Gods of Four Warrants horanǟva - a conical-bore, quadruple-reed oboe illam - holes iraṭṭiya (plural iraṭṭi) - special ending pattern kaḍaturāva - curtain kaḍḍippuva (PL kaḍḍippu) - stick kaḍinam - fast kaha diyara kotala - vessel of turmeric water kalaha - pot kālapaňdam padē - pattern specific to Torch of Time kālapandama - Torch of Time kalas biňdīma - breaking the pot Kalu Kumāra samayama - tovil ritual dedicated to the Kalu Kumāra demon kāňgul padē - first movement of Devol patterns kannilam - filler strokes kanvaraya - woven loop that attaches the waist strap to the drum kap situvīma - planting a bough kapa - bough käpai - it is done käpīma - to cut kapu mahattaya - lay priests who communicate with the Gods käpum hama – cf. häkma kaṭṭadi mahattaya - lay priests communicate with the demons kavi tāla - a specific type of slow patterns that display dancer‘s skills kavi - verses keṭi kavi - short verses keti yādini mātraya - short invocation beat kolam - Low-Country masked play kotal padē - pattern associated with the vessel of turmeric water koṭṭoruvā - official ritual assistant liyavīma - carving and shaping mädiyama - Middle Watch maḍu - also known as dēva śāntikaṛma, dēva tovil type of communal outdoor rituals dedicate to the deities magul bera - auspicious drum pattern mahattaya - gentleman English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 200 mal baliya - planetary ritual carried out for pregnant woman mal pūjāva - offering of flowers milla käpīma - cutting of the milla tree mini geḍiya - small hand-held bell mōl gaha - pole used to crush starch mugura - spear namaskāra pada - worship pattern, especially associated with worshipping the instrument padē (plural, pada) - pattern pañcatūrya nāda - classification system for Sri Lankan traditional musical instruments paňdam aḍi vaṭṭam - patterns specific to sändǟ samayama paňdam pada - decorative patterns with torches paňdama - torch pidēni dīma - offering of fire pidēni taṭu - offerings for demons pin - acts of virtue pol mala - coconut flower porava - axe pūjā bera - solo drumming pattern played at the conclusion of a ritual pūjā - offering rabāna - frame drum śabdha - sound samayam, samayama - demon sändǟ samayama - segment for the demons of the Evening Watch sanna - exposition, elucidation of the stotra sarala pada - short repetitive patterns saraḿba - exercises saudama – cf. aḍauva stotra - praise. Also known as sloka. Highly formalized verse or prose texts generally recited as thanks giving to the Three Jewels or the higher gods sural taṭṭuva - thinner drumhead surala (sural) - drum roll. Also a name given to a specific type of technical pattern tammaṭṭama - vessel-shaped kettle drums tānam - a style of singing using sounds of tā and nā tel vädavīma - bringing in the oil telme - dance in honour of the Twelve Gods tit - a Sinhala drum theory associated with the Up-Country tradition toran yāgaya - segment in devol maḍuva ritual dedicated to the ceremonial archway torana - ceremonial archway tovil, yak tovil - type of ritual associated with demons uḍa raṭa - Up-Country uḍḍakkiya - hour glass shaped drum with variable tension väňdum ata (PLväňdum at)- dance and drumming patterns using gestures of worship varapaṭa (PL varapati) - straps along the body of the drum vas dōsa - minor witchcraft from the evil eye, mouth, and tongue vaṭṭam pada - patterns where dancer move in circles vaṭṭama (plural, vaṭṭam) - movement venivara - thinner version of varapaṭa viyat - length from the thumb to the little finger, as the fingers are spread yādini mātraya - invocation beat yahan däkma - pattern where dancers seek blessings from the deities yakā (plural yakku) - demon English-Sinhala dictionary: ඉගස-සහල ශ�ද තොගෙෂය page 201 Cinnamon Curundu Cinnamomum verum Bark SL in food and medicine Calumba root Veni’val Coscinium fenestratum Climbing stem SL in medicine Coriander Kotta’malli Coriandrum sativum Fruit SL in food and medicine Cumin Suduru Cuminum cyminum Seed SL in food and medicine Fennel Ma’duru Foeniculum officinalis seed SL in food and medicine Fenugreek Ulu’ hal Trigonella foenum-graecum Seed SL in food and medicine Garlic Sudu’lunu Allium sativum Bulb SL in food and medicine Ginger E’guru Zingiber officinale Rhizome SL in food and medicine Liquorice Val’mee Glycyrrhiza glabra Stem SL in medicine Long pepper Thipili Piper Longum Seed SL in medicine Nightshade Ela’battu Solanum surattense Fruit & root SL in medicine Nutmeg Sadikka Myristica fragans Kernel SL in food and medicine Parsley Parsley Petroselinum crispum Leaves SL in food and medicine Sage Minchi Salvia officinalis Leaves SL in food and medicine Threadstem Pathpardagam Mollugo cerviana Seed SL in medicine carpetweed Turmeric Kaha Curcuma longa Rhizome SL in food and medicine Yellow-berried Katu’val’batu Solanum xanthocarpum Whole Plant SL in medicine Nightshade http://www.tufto.no/HELP/sinhala/2011_Tufto_English-Sinhala_dictionary_word2010.docx