１５０ Years of Service Past and Present of Japanese Aids to Navigation

JJaappaann CCooaasstt GGuuaarrdd ＭＭａａｒｒｉｉｔｔｉｉｍｍｅｅ ＴＴｒｒａａｆｆｆｆｉｉｃｃ DDeeppaarrttmmenentt History of Origin

In the history, was originated by tower style architecture at capes, islands and other prominent land places to indicate their positions by fire or smoke to ships for navigational purposes. The oldest lighthouse in the history is said to be Faros Lighthouse built in 279 BC at Faros Island, at the entrance of Port of Alexandria, Egypt. This lighthouse was as tall as 135m and its fire light reflected by marble stone mirror was said to be visible from over 10km away. Faros Lighthouse

Japanese early lighthouse was an open fire/smoke emitting facility, or NOROSHI. NOROSHIs built at IKI-TSUSHIMA Islands in 664 for coastal defense had also been useful for the navigation of diplomatic envoy Lantern House Joga-Shima fleet to China. （Miura, Kanagawa）

Modern Lighthouses

As open fire of burning woods, coals, etc. had been used as light sources until 19th Century, their visible distances were limited. However, invented by French scientist Augustin Fresnel in 1822 and new light sources as kerosene or gas fire significantly improved lighthouse functions. The first Fresnel lens was installed in 1823 at Cordouan

Lighthouse in France and achieved as long as 21 nautical Cordouan Lighthouse (France) Courtesy of Seizando, ‘Sekai no Toudai’ miles (39km) of visible distance.

Edo Era 1610 1820 1860 Meiji 1

1611 1822 1858 1866 1868 Cordouan lighthouse, counted Fresnel lens was Treaty was concluded with Edo Feudal Kannon-Saki LH as one of the world‘s most invented by US, the Netherlands, Russia, Government promised construction beautiful lighthouses was built Augustin Fresnel. UK and France. Ports of to US and other was started. on the west coast of France Kanagawa, Nagasaki, countries by treaty to Hakodate, Hyogo and build lighthouses for Niigata were opened. shipping safety. 1603 Edo Feudal Government was 1853 1867 established by Ieyasu Tokugawa. US fleet of Commodore Matthew Restoration of imperial rule Perry visited Uraga. 1 Origin of Modern Lighthouses in Japan

Modern lighthouse in Japan dates back to the end of Edo Era. The treaty concluded between Japan and UK, France, the Netherlands and the US required the construction of lighthouses at 8 locations including Tokyo Bay area. As Japan did not have the necessary architecture technology for lighthouses, Edo Feudal Government requested help to France and the UK for the procurement of necessary components and the construction of lighthouses. The Meiji Government thereafter overtook this project and French engineering group with chief engineer F. Verny started the first lighthouse construction work on 1 November 1868 at Kannon-Saki.

First Kannonsaki LH Government hired foreign engineers Francois R. Verny （Yokosuka） （1869） French engineers constructed 3 lighthouses including Kannon-Saki by 1870. British chief engineer Richard Blanton thereafter continued the project and 30 lighthouses were built by him by 1877 and formed the basis of Japanese lighthouse engineering.

Lighthouse Construction by Japanese Engineers

After Richard Blanton and his successor returned home upon their contract expiration in 1879, lighthouse construction project was handed over to Japanese engineers. Kentatsu Fujikura, an ex-interpreter of R. Blanton learned lighthouse construction technology from him and built Kura-Saki lighthouse in 1844. Kentatsu Fujikura Kura-Saki LH (Nichinan)

Meiji 1870 1880 1890 Meiji 10 Meiji 20 Meiji 30

1870-1877 British engineer R.H Blanton constructed 30 1894 1884 Sino-Japanese War broke out. lighthouses and formed the basis of Japan’s First lighthouse by lighthouse history. Japanese design was built at Kura-Saki. 1889 Constitution was issued. Mikomoto-Shima LH 1877 (Blanton’s first and Satsuma Rebellion （Civil 1888 Japan’s oldest LH) 【R.H Blanton】 War) broke out. Legislation was formulated to establish Japan’s lighthouse 1870 implementation policy. Ministry of Engineering was founded and it started LH construction project. 2 History of Aids to Navigation Lives of Lighthouse Keepers

Lighthouse keepers and their families had lived in co-located facilities at islands or at remote rural areas, having to bear difficult day to day life under harsh environment. One said in his memoir of 1930s that their lives had to be self contained by growing vegetables, feeding hens for eggs and meat, catching fish at sea, all of which had been deemed to be parts of official services. Agricultural gears and allotments were officially fed and they were government properties. Self-medication by ‘Domestic Medicine Guidebook’ was necessary. Water had to be obtained mainly from rain and shortage was supplemented by carrying well water over the dangerous cliff. Kerosene lamp was the only domestic light but as reading under it was difficult, radio set granted by Empress Dowager for 10 minutes per day broadcast was an important entertainment. As refrigerator was of course unavailable, dry food stocks were the last life line.

Radio broadcast was an important part of Empress Teimei’s Lighthouse family kids at play life at lighthouses（1937） mercy radio set

Kinka-San LH in 1950s (Ishinomaki） Lighthouse services in 1950s （Lens polishing work at Mikomoto-Shima LH and radio direction finding service at Iro-Saki LH）

Meiji Taisho Showa 1900 1910 1920 Meiji 40 Taisho 1 Taisho 10 Showa 1

1914WWI broke out. 1904 Russo-Japanese War broke 1922 1923 out. First Kannon-Saki LH destroyed by Second Kannon-Saki LH 1909 1925 earthquake and the Second LH was destroyed by Kanto Tide signal stations Radio broadcasting Earthquake. started operation was started by NHK. at Kanmon and Kurushima straits. 1925 The third LH was constructed at Kannon-Saki. 【Tide indicator arm】 【Destroyed LH and the new LH (Yokosuka)】 3 Lighthouses at War

By the agreement between the Navy and the Ministry of Telecommunications in 1942, lighthouses were integrated in the air defense system to engage in surveillance, meteorological observation, etc. Lighthouses were camouflaged and lights were weakened or temporarily disabled and their directions were changed downward for military operational reasons. Ashizuri-Misaki lighthouse (Tosa-Shimizu) was first air raided in March 1944 and since then, other lighthouses across the country were also attacked however, lighthouse service staffs were not allowed to leave the lighthouses, as they were assigned with military duties as reporting. Therefore on 10 October 1944, 3 men and their 5 family members lost their lives when Ie-Shima lighthouse (Okinawa) was air raided and 5 bombs hit the lighthouse. Many others also gave their lives for service at lighthouses across the country including Shiriya, Kiritappu, Kinka-San, Inubo- Saki. A memorial monument was built at Ie-Shima lighthouse in 1977 by former lighthouse service members and memorial service is conducted on 21 April (day of attack) every year.

Pre-war Ie-shima LH Post-war Ie-Shima LH Memorial monument Destroyed Gaja-Shima LH （Okinawa） （Kagoshima） Post-war Recovery of Lighthouses

Although total number of lighthouses as of 1945 was about 1,100, 30 % of them had been destroyed by air raid and most of others had lost their functions due to attack damage or power fuel shortage. Japanese coastal waters were totally dangerous with numerous mines and sunken ships and maritime crimes as illegal migration, smuggling, piracy were prevailing. GHQ therefore, requested the government of Japan to remove navigational obstructions and the recovery of aids to navigation with top priority. Japan Coast Guard, established in May 1948 with responsibilities for maritime safety and security, assumed the lighthouses recovery work and recovered the lighthouses almost to the pre-war level by 1950.

1930 1940 1950 Showa 10 Showa 20 Showa 30

1932 1939 WWII Broke out. 1944 1948 1944 1956 First radio navigation Ie-Shima LH was Japan Coast Aids to First unmanned LH stations were installed at air raided. Guard was Navigation was constructed at I- Shiriya-Saki,Esan-Misaki founded. Law was Shima and Todoga-Saki. legislated. 1945 WWII ended.

1947 1953 TV broadcasting was New Constitution 【First Commandant Okubo started by NHK. 【Camoflaged LH of was legislated. hosting the CG banner.】 Muroto-Misaki (Kochi)】 4 History of Aids to Navigation New Era of Navaids

Japan’s first radio navigational aids was the radio directional beacon built in early 1920s. This was to inform ships of their directions from the beacon upon interrogation from them but by the spreading use of radar, they became less popular rapidly. Hyperbolic radio navigation system was developed and put into practical use in Europe and the US. After WWII, Loran-A in 1959, Decca in 1967 ,Omega in 1975 and Loran-C 1993 were respectively introduced to Japan and started operations however, they were all decommissioned by 2015 as use of GPS became popular. Differential GPS (GPS accuracy augmentation system by MF radio) started operation in 1997. In 1977, first Vessel Traffic Advisory Center was established at Yokosuka for Tokyo Bay area and started operation of vessel traffic services for other maritime traffic congested areas.

Omega Station DGPS Station （Tsushima, Nagasaki) （Sakata, Yamagata） Number of Aids to Navigation

6,000 Number of Aids to Navigation 5,529 4,863 5,220

5,000 3,862 5,439 5,247 4,000 3,139

3,000 2,026 Largest number of 5,604 in 2002 2,000

1,000 388 32 66 101 169 236 301 321 410 0 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201

Showa 1960 1970 1980 Showa 40 Showa 50 Showa 60

1967 1975 1977 1960 1962 Decca operation was started. (until 2001) Omega operation was Tokyo-Wan VTS started operation at Yokosuka Microwave radio Harbor radar started at Tsushima. (relocated to Yokohama in 2018) navigation operation was operation (until1997) started. was started.

1959 Loran-A operation was started. (until1997) 【Decca station (Kurihara, Miyagi)】 5 State of the Art Technologies ○High power LED (COB-Chip on board) under development will be used as new light source.

Conventional light bulbs

Halogen lamp Metal-halide lamp COB -LED （Life 1,000 hrs） （Life 6,000 hrs） （Life 60,000 hrs) ※COB（Chip on Board：numerous LED chips directly embedded on the circuit board ○64 historical lighthouses of Meiji Era have been preserved to contribute to the local communities.

Rusting of Titanium Top coat external cover structures Titanium cover is used for long life anti-corrosion means Kakezuka LH (Shizuoka）※Lit on March 25, 1897

150th Lighthouse Anniversary

2018 marks the 150th anniversary of Japanese first modern lighthouse. Construction of Kannon-Saki lighthouse was commenced on 1 November 1868. Taking this opportunity, the Coast Guard will conduct a number of events as follows, to further promote maritime traffic safety as well as to enhance local public Memorial Logo relations across the country.

・Open lighthouse events ・Digital lighthouse cards ・Anniversary postage ・Exhibitions ・Other events

Heisei 1990 2000 2010 Heisei 1 Heisei 10 Heisei 20 Heisei 30

2006 1989 1993 2004 Last human station service for lighthouse 2018 LED light introduction was started. Overtook AIS was terminated by solar power installation. New integrated the 1997 (Automatic VTS service was operation of DGPS Identification started for NWP Loran- operation of Ships) Tokyo Bay. C chain from was service was the US. started. started. (until 2015) 2018 Lighthouse 150th anniversary Conventional light bulbs are replaced by LEDs for economy and life prolongation. 【Meshima LH (Goto, Nagasaki)】 6 Roles of Aids to Navigation

Aids to navigation are so designed and constructed to assist coastal shipping by means of lights, objects, colors, sounds, radio waves, etc. typically represented by lighthouses at capes, light poles to indicate obstacle rocks, light buoys to indicate entrances of traffic routes and so on, each of which are of different types depending on their objectives. As they are widely used by many ships including foreign flag vessels, their characteristics are internationally standardized, which is also the case with Japan. Except in case special rules exist, ships are in principle have a freedom of navigation at sea. They make their own navigational plans safely and efficiently at their discretion based upon waterways depth and ship’s draft. Based on such navigational plans, ships constantly fix their positions and stay away from dangerous obstacles until they safely reach their destinations. Aids to navigation are indispensable for them to fix positions and to avoid dangers en route.

Typical Aids to Navigation

Sector light River

Buoy Leading lines Beacon Port

Lighthouse

Construction area Light beacon

Lighthouse

Illuminator

Light beacon Light buoy Inbound Outbound

7 Aids to navigation JCG Administration （ ）Numbers as of 1 April 2018

Aids to Navigation （5,251）

Light Radio Others （5,147） （63） （41）

○Radio beacons (16） ○Signal facilities (34） To indicate positions on radar screen by To provide safety Lighthouses Light buoys Other lights Morse Code information to ships （3,181） （1,190） （776）

To indicate ports, To indicate obstacles, ○Light beacons（529） waypoints, etc. at capes, traffic routes, etc. To indicate obstacles, breakwaters, etc. traffic routes, etc.

○DGPS stations（27） To transmit VTS stations augmentation signals for GPS accuracy ○Tide signal boards enhancement （7） ○Leading lines（46） To provide strong To indicate safe tide information entrance waterways

Coastal lighthouses

○Sector lights（17） To indicate safe ○AIS stations (20） entrance waterways To indicate virtual symbols on ships AIS screen

○Illuminators（140） To indicate obstacle locations by light

Breakwater lighthouses ○Buoys（44） To indicate obstacles and traffic routes, etc.

8 Major Coastal Lighthouses

22 Kyoga-Misaki Meiji A 21 Nokogiri-Saki Nokogiri-Saki H 20 Tateishi-Misaki N Meiji C Kyotango, Kyoto M Ooi, Fukui (Location site) Tsuruga, Fukui Lit on 25 Dec. 1898 Lit on 26 Feb.1951 Lit on 20 Jul. 1881

Ａ 24 Izumo-Hinomisaki Meiji A 23 Mihogaseki Meiji P.O N Izumo, Shimane Matsue, Shimane Meiji Class A Lit on 1 Apr. 1903 N Lit on 8 Nov. 1898 M ： ２３ M

Publicly open ： １６

Cultural Heritage ： １８

Meiji A H 26 Mutsure-Shima L 25 Tsuno-Shima Historical site Ｂ P.O Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Meiji Shinomoseki, Yamaguchi N National registered Lit on 21 Nov. 1871 Lit on 1 Mar. 1876 L C heritage M L Local heritage M Modernization heritage C Civil engineering heritage

23 22 20 28 Toi-Misaki P.O 27 Hesaki Meiji A 24 21 Kushima, Miyazaki Kitakyushu, Fukuoka M Lit on 22 Dec. 1929 Lit on 11 Jan. 1872 35 25 33 34 26 32 27 19 31 36 18 30

29 28

30 Mizunoko-Shima Meiji A 29 Kura-Saki Meiji A Saeki, Ooita M Hyuga, Miyazaki M Lit on 20 Mar. 1904 Lit on 15 Aug. 1874

37 38

34 Ogi-Shima Meiji A 33 Nabe-Shima Meiji A 32 Tsuri-Shima Meiji A 31 Sata-Misaki N Takamatsu, Kagawa C Sakaide, Kagawa M Matsuyama, Ehime M Ikata, Ehime Lit on 10 Dec. 1875 M Lit on 15 Nov. 1872 Lit on 15 Jun. 1873 Lit on 1 Apr. 1918

38 Henna-Saki P.O 37 Zanpa-Misaki P.O 36 Muroto-Misaki Meiji A 35 Esaki Meiji A Miyakojima, Okinawa Yomitan, Okinawa Muroto, Kochi M Awaji, Hyogo M Lit on 15 May 1972 Lit on 30 Mar. 1974 Lit on 1 Apr. 1899 Lit on 27 Apr. 1871

9 1 Rokko-Saki Meiji A 2 Hime-Saki Meiji A 3 Nyudo-Saki P.O 4 Shiriya-Saki Meiji A M M P.O Suzu, Ishikawa Sado, Niigata Oga, Akita Higashidori, Aomori Lit on 10 Jul. 1873 Lit on 10 Dec. 1895 Lit on 8 Nov. 1898 Lit on 20 Oct. 1876 N C M

5 Kinka-San Meiji A 6 Shioya-Saki P.O N Ishinomaki, Miyagi Iwaki, Fukushima Lit on 1 Nov. 1876 M Lit on 15 Dec. 1899

4

7 Inubo-Saki Meiji A Inubo-Saki Fog Signal Chosi, Chiba P.O 3 Facility (not in use) N Lit on 15 Nov. 1874 N M

5 2

1 6

7 P.O N 10 8 9 13 9 Nojima-Saki Suzaki 11 N Tateyama, Chiba 15 8 Minamiboso, Chiba 16 14 12 Lit on 18 Dec. 1869 Lit on 15 Dec. 1919 17

Others Meiji B,C Existing historical LHs of Meiji Era (Rank B and C)

C Designated by Japan Society of 10 Kannon-Saki P.O 11 Hatsu-Shima P.O M Civil Engineering Yokosuka, Kanagawa Atami, Shizuoka Lit on 1 Jan. 1869 Lit on 25 Mar. 1959 M Designated by the Ministry of Economy and Industry

Mechanical Designated by Japan Society of Mechanical Engineering

12 Mikomoto-Shima Meiji A 13 Shimizu Meiji A 14 Omae-Saki Meiji A 15 Suga-Shima Meiji A C N Shimoda, Shizuoka H Shizuoka, Shizuoka Omaezaki, Shizuoka P.O Toba, Mie Lit on 11 Nov. 1870 M Lit on 1 Mar. 1912 M Lit on 1 May 1874 M Lit on 1 Jul. 1873 M

16 P.O 17 P.O 18 Meiji A 19 Meiji A Anori-Saki Daio-Saki N Shiono-Misaki Tomoga-Shima N N Shima, Mie Kushimoto, Wakayama P.O Wakayama, Wakayama Shima, Mie M Lit on 1 Apr. 1873 Lit on 5 Oct. 1927 Lit on 15 Sept. 1873 M Lit on 25 Jun. 1872

10 Lighthouse Mechanisms Fresnel Lens Fresnel lens was named after Augustin Fresnel, a French engineer who invented it in 1822. Depending on their focus lengths, they are classified into class 1 through 6. Special light bulbs are used as light sources however, kerosene or gas lights had been used in Meiji Era.

Flesnel lens

Fresnel lens was intended Reflex to overcome heavy weight Lends lights and thickness of lenses while making it easier to manufacture. Principle is shown in (1)~(3). Combination lenses as (4) Anaclastic are used when specially Lens strong light is needed. A light souse Section of Large-scale Flesnel lens Lens Rotating Mechanism Mercury bath rotator has been used to smoothly rotate very heavy lighthouse lens, in which lens of several tons is kept floating in the mercury pool. Gravity rotation system had been used to rotate lens but it has been replaced by electrical motor. （55 lighthouses still use mercury bath rotator.） Lighting apparatus Mechanism and Components Lighting apparatus table Upper spherical shaft table Motor Fixing bolt Lens table

Inner bath Outer bath

Mercury send Mercury out cook Set bolt

Receptive table Lower spherical shaft table Receptive sleeve

Mercury Bath Rotator

Transmission Gears

Gear Box ↓

Gear Box ← Gravity Weight

11 Mercies from the Imperial Family On 12 June 1872, Meiji Emperor visited Mutsure-Shima lighthouse while travelling in the west of the country. Since then, the Imperial family has granted merciful opportunities to lighthouse service personnel in various ways. Imperial Visit On 18 March 1875, Meiji Emperor and Empress Shoken visited and reviewed the brand new trial lighthouse model in Yokohama at the Ministry of Engineering facility. Meiji Emperor Imperial Visit Monument （Yokohama CG Office） Mercies granted from Empress Teimei

Empress Teimei Radio set granted by the Empress Flower vase granted by the Empress Her Majesty had deep sympathies to the difficult lives of lighthouse service personnel and their families and granted a lot of mercies from time to time. Imperial Review for lighthouse Ceremony Visits service officials

10th anniversary ot Joga-shima LH Tokyo-Wan VTS Center Invitation to the Imperial Tea Ceremony

（1951〜2003）

th 100 lighthouse anniversary 2015 Imperial Graveyard clean-up volunteers Toko-kai, established in October 1924 by the fund granted by Empress Teimei volunteers for Tama graveyard cleaning service with Coast Guard Traffic Department staffs on 17 May (the day Her Majesty passed away) every year. 12 Co-operation for Local Tourism Promotions

In recognition of historical and cultural values of lighthouses, Coast Guard continues to promote the promulgation of maritime safety spirit through a variety of co-operation activities for local tourism. In practice, lighthouses public open day events in co-operation with local communities are more frequently held, in addition to the publicly open lighthouses throughout the year. Information related to lighthouses and their service staffs’ lives are also widely promulgated.

Samekado LH (Hachinohe, Shiriya-Saki LH Public open event Exhibition at Inubo-Saki LH （Chosi, Aomori) Open Day （June 2018〜） Chiba) （April 2013〜）

Unique Design Lighthouses

Some lighthouses are uniquely designed to match their local historical views, specialties, tourism resources, etc. based on the coordination with local communities.

Odawara breakwater LH No.1 Mitarai Port breakwater LH Tanwa Port west breakwater LH （Odawara, Kanagawa） （Mitarai, Hiroshima) （Misaki, Osaka） (Designed to match the (Designed to yatcht sail for the (Designed after hand held surrounding historical national race event held here) lantern) architectures)

Topic - Otsuchi Port lighthouse（Otsuchi, Iwate）

Otsuchi Port lighthouse on Horai Island, said to be the model location of a famous NHK TV program ‘Hyokkori Hyotan Jima’ was destroyed by tsunami of Tohoku earthquake on 11 March 2011. In the recovery work of the lighthouse, Coast Guard invited the public competition of the local residents for the new lighthouse design and chose the ‘sun and sand clock’ design. Design by public Otsuchi Port LH competition (Otsuchi, Iwate） This implies the town’s future brightness and the wish for the time to recover.

13 Lighthouse Lovers and Supporters

There are many persons and groups that are fond of lighthouses and support lighthouse services.

Nippon Foundation／Japan Romanticist Association ‘Lighthouse girl’ Hesaki LH Association

Inubo-Saki Blanton Association provides kind understanding and support for lighthouse services.

Lighthouses of the World

Casquets Ji Angxinyu（China） （UK） Lit in 869 Lit in 1723 Built on both sides of the island and used for beacon Built on a dangerous rock of guide lights. . Designated in 1981 as Chinese Cultural Heritage.

Kereon （France） Boston Lit in 1916 （US） Built on the Lit in 1716 underwater rock First lighthouse in the in the southeast of Ouessant Island

Photos are from SEIZANDO ‘Sekai no Todai’

Bahi Afelix Cape Agulhas （Chile） （South Africa） Horsburgh （Singapore） Lit in 1905 Lit in 1849 Located at the south of Latin Built at Cape Agallas, Lit in 1851 Singapore’s oldest American Continent and southernmost cape of the African oversees the Strait of Magellan. Continent lighthouse overlooking the strait of Malacca. 14 Contact information Office Zip code Mailing address Phone No.

Coast Guard HQ 100-8976 2-1-3 Chiyoda-ku Kasumigaseki, Tokyo 03-3591-6361

1st Regional CGHQ 047-8560 5-2 Minato-machi Otaru, Hokaido 0134-27-0118

2nd Regional CGHQ 985-8507 3-4-1 Teizan-dori Shiogama, Miyagi 022-363-0111

3rd Regional CGHQ 231-8818 5-57 Kitanaka-dori Naka-ku Yokohama 045-211-1118

4th Regional CGHQ 455-8528 2-3-12 Irifune Minato-ku Nagoya 052-661-1611 5th Regional CGHQ 650-8551 1-1 Hatoba-cho Chuo-ku Kobe 078-391-6551

6th Regional CGHQ 734-8560 3-10-17Ujina-kaigan Minami-ku Hiroshima 082-251-5111

7th Regional CGHQ 801-8507 1-3-10 Nishi-kaigan Moji-ku Kitakyushu 093-321-2931

8th Regional CGHQ 624-8686 901 Shimofukui Maiduru, Kyoto 0773-76-4100

9th Regional CGHQ 950-8543 1-2-1 Misaki-cho Chuo-ku Niigata 025-285-0118

10th Regional CGHQ 890-8510 4-1 Higashi-korimoto-cho Kagoshima 099-250-9800 11th Regional CGHQ 900-8547 2-11-1 Minato-machi Naha, Okinawa 098-867-0118

＜Staff recruitment for maritime traffic safety related services＞ Note : Japanese nationals only

■ Engineering career staff University graduate level

■ Coast Guard School ・IT System Course ・VTS Operator Course High school graduate level

■ Civil engineers Civil engineer license holders with field service experience

Coast Guard recruitment website Coast Guard School recruitment website http://www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/saiyo/index.html http://www.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/ope/saiyou/bosyu.html Civil services recruitment info-site Coast Guard School website http://www.jinji.go.jp/saiyo/saiyo.htm http://www.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/school/index.html Coast Guard

Version of 1 November 2018