Pre-Application Heritage Assessment
63 East End Road, East Finchley, London, N2 0SE
March 2017
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Contents
1. Introduction 3
2. The Heritage Assets 5
3. Significance of the Heritage Assets 10
4. Scheme Proposals and Assessment of Impact 62
5. Summary and Conclusions 75
Appendix 1: Historic England List Entries 76
Appendix 2: Registered Historic Park and Gardens Entry 106
Appendix 3: Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area Map 111
Appendix 4: Historic photographs of the Former Convent fire in 1972 113
Appendix 5: Heritage Legislation, Policy and Guidance 117
March 2017
1. Introduction
1.1 This Pre-Application Heritage Assessment is intended to aid discussions with the local planning authority, the London Borough of Barnet, regarding development and reconfiguration proposals at No.63 East End Road, East Finchley, London. N2 0SE (‘the Site’).
1.2 No.63 East End Road is a grade II listed, early 19th century villa. The building is listed as the Villa at the Convent of the Good Shepherd, as it was later incorporated into the late 19th / early 20th century multiple extensions to the villa associated with the Convent of the Good Shepherd, the majority of which have since been demolished. The later convent extensions that survive however form part of the statutory listing of the principal building under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, as they are fixed to the principal listed building. The building has a historically associated brick boundary wall along East End Road, which forms part of its curtilage and therefore also forms part of the statutory listing under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, even though it does not appear on the list/listing in its own right. The list entry for the villa is included at Appendix 1.
1.3 No.63 East End Road is not situated within a conservation area; however, it is located within the vicinity of the northern boundary of Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area, as well as to the boundary of the East Finchley Cemetery Registered Park and Garden (grade II*), and forms part of the setting of these heritage assets. The National Heritage List for England entry for East Finchley Cemetery is included at Appendix 2 and a map of the conservation area boundary is included at Appendix 3. No. 63 East End Road was most recently in use as offices and residential for the Carmelite Friars and today is vacant. As outlined, the brick boundary wall along East End road associated with the listed building is a curtilage listed structure. Any significance this structure may have relates to the group value it shares with the listed building of which it forms a part (in legal terms). It is therefore considered in conjunction with the principal listed building for the purposes of this report.
1.4 The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 places a duty upon the local planning authority in determining applications for development or works that affect the character of a listed building to have special regard to the desirability of preserving the building or its setting or any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses. The London Borough of Barnet is also under a duty, with regard to applications within conservation areas, to pay special attention to the desirability of preserving or enhancing the character or appearance of that area. Importantly, however, the concept of the setting of a conservation area is not enshrined in the legislation and does not attract the weight of statutory protection.1
1.5 The National Planning Policy Framework (2012) (‘the NPPF’) provides the Government’s national planning policy on the conservation of the historic environment. In respect of information requirements for applications, it sets out in paragraph 128 that:
1 APP/H1705/A/14/2219070
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“In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance.”
1.6 Paragraph 129 then sets out that local planning authorities should also identify and assess the particular significance of heritage assets that may be affected by proposals. They should take this assessment into account when considering the impact of proposals in order to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the proposal.
1.7 In accordance with these legislative and policy requirements, Section 2 of this report identifies the relevant heritage assets within the Site and its vicinity that may be affected by the emerging proposals.
1.8 Section 3 then assesses the significance of each of the identified heritage assets, including the contribution made by setting (and the Site as an element of setting if relevant) to that significance. In this section, a description of the historic development and heritage significance of No.63 East End Road (Grade II listed), in terms of its special architectural and historic interest is provided, including the contribution of its setting to its overall significance. This section also includes an assessment of the heritage significance of Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area, in terms of its historic development and character and appearance. Our assessment has been undertaken on the basis of on-site visual survey, archival research and existing published information, and is proportionate to the importance of the identified heritage assets.
1.9 Section 4 of the report outlines the scheme proposals and assesses any potential impact on the heritage assets identified in Section 2-3.
1.10 Section 5 draws together the summary and conclusions of this report.
1.11 The relevant statutory duties of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, national policy in the Framework, supported by the National Planning Practice Guidance (NPPG) 2014, and local planning policy and guidance for the historic environment is set out in full at Appendix 5.
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2. The Heritage Assets
Introduction
2.1 The Framework defines a heritage asset as:
“A building, monument, site, place, area, or landscape identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest”2.
Designated Heritage Assets
2.2 Designated heritage assets are those which possess a level of heritage interest that justifies designation under relevant legislation and are then subject to particular procedures in planning decisions that involve them.
2.3 The NPPF defines a designated heritage asset as:
“…A World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, Listed Building, Protected Wreck Site, Registered Park and Garden, Registered Battlefield or Conservation Area designated under the relevant legislation.”
Villa at the Convent of the Good Shepherd (Grade II listed)
2.4 The Villa at the Convent of the Good Shepherd, located at No.63 East End Road, is a two storey, early 19th century villa, situated on the north east side of East End Road. The building was included on the statutory list of buildings of special architectural or historic interest on 14th February 1975. The list entry is included at Appendix 1 and is summarised below for ease of reference:
‘‘Early C19 Villa incorporated into later convent buildings. Two storeys five bays, yellow brick; central stuccoed doric porch with fluted columns; stucco band under first floor windows; a stucco moulded cornice and parapet; sash windows gauged yellow brick flat arches.’’
Extensions forming part of Listing 2.5 A building or structure may be included in the listing of a designated heritage asset by virtue of the Listed Buildings Act 1990 which states that a listed building includes the whole of a listed building including “any object or structure fixed to the listed building, whether before or after the date of the listing, so as to constitute either i) a part of the building, ii) a fixture according to the normal rules of property law”. The key considerations in determining this are:
the method and degree of annexation of the object to the building, the ease with which it can be removed and the damage caused to the structure or object by its removal; and,
2 DCLG, National Planning Policy Framework (Framework) 2012 – Annex 2: Glossary
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the objective and purpose of the annexation to the building – whether this was for the improvement of the building or for the enjoyment of the object itself.
2.6 With this in mind the multiple convent extensions are all considered to form part of the listing as these are ancillary to the principal listed building (see Debenhams Plc v Westminster CC).
Curtilage Listed Structure 2.7 We have also considered whether the East End Road boundary wall is curtilage listed in relation to the villa.
The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 defines curtilage listing as “….Any object or structure within the curtilage of the building which, although not fixed to the building, forms part of the land and has done so since before 1st July 1948, shall be treated as part of the building.”
2.8 Historic England in their summary of the legal position on curtilage in the Historic England Heritage Protection Guide under Listing state:
“In general, any pre-1948 structure that formed part of the land and was in the curtilage of the principal listed building at the date of listing (or possibly 1 January 1969 …) and is ancillary to the principal building is considered to be part of the listing.”
2.9 The nature and extent of “curtilage” is a legal definition, determined by factors including the physical layout of these buildings; the ownership past and present; and, the function of the buildings and spaces past and present etc.
2.10 As noted earlier, the listed building has a historically associated brick boundary wall along East End Road, which falls within the curtilage of the grade II listed Villa at the Convent of the Good Shepherd, pre dates 1948, has always formed part of the same land ownership since the construction of the villa and is ancillary to the villa. It therefore is considered to be curtilage listed and to form part of the statutory listing for the purposes of listed building control.
2.11 Please note that the boundary walls along the northern and eastern Site boundaries date to after the 1972 fire and therefore after the key 1948 curtilage listed date (date 1969 in some circumstances). These walls are therefore not considered to be curtilage listed.
Other Listed Buildings
2.12 To the south west of the Site are a number of listed buildings located within East Finchley Cemetery (Historic Park and Garden at Grade II*). These listed buildings are as follows:
• Gate Lodge, Entrance Gates, Piers and Railings to East Finchley Cemetery, (Grade II Listed);
• Anglican Chapel, East Finchley Cemetery, (Grade II Listed);
• Monument to Thomas Tate, St Marylebone Cemetery, (Grade II Listed);
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• Monument to Harry Ripley, (Grade II Listed);
• Monument to Sir Henry Bishop, Central Avenue, Plot E7, (Grade II Listed);
• Glenesk Mausoleum, St Marylebone Cemetery, (Grade II Listed);
• Monument to Thomas Skaratt Hall, West Avenue, Plot H7, (Grade II Listed);
• Monument to Sir Robert Harmsworth, West Avenue, Plot G8, (Grade II Listed);
• Non-Conformist Chapel, East Finchley Cemetery, (Grade II Listed);
• Monument to Sir Peter Nicol Russell Engineer in St Marylebone Cemetery, (Grade II Listed);
• Crematorium and Chapel, St Marylebone Cemetery, (Grade II Listed); and
• Gate and Gatehouses to Crematorium and attached railings, East Finchley Cemetery (Grade II Listed).
2.13 The list entries for these buildings are included at Appendix 1. A high level map showing the surrounding listed buildings and Registered Park and Garden is shown below.
Figure 2.1: Heritage plot plan with listed buildings marked in blue, Registered Park and Garden marked in green and the approximate site boundary marked in red.
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Registered Park and Garden of Special Historic Interest
2.14 The Site is located in close proximity to the boundary of East Finchley Cemetery (formerly St Marylebone Cemetery); a grade II* Registered Park and Garden of Special Historic Interest. The extent of the designation is shown in Figure 2.2 and the Historic England list entry provided in full at Appendix 2. The reasons for designation, as a summary of the asset’s significance, are set out below for ease of reference:
‘‘* A good example of a High Victorian (18454-55) public cemetery for the Metropolis. * Notable designers (Barnett & Birch Ltd) provided a creative layout. * The layout and structures survive largely intact in good condition. * Local and national social interest is expressed in a rich variety of 19th and early 20th century monuments. * The cemetery contains a good early 20th century crematorium and memorial cloister (1937) by Sir Edwin Cooper.’’
Figure 2.2: Extent of East Finchley Cemetery with the approximate location of the Site marked in red
Conservation Area
2.15 The Site is situated in close proximity to the northern boundary of Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area, and is considered to form part of its setting. The conservation area was designated by the London Borough of Barnet in 1968, and subsequently extended to include the Golders Green Crematorium. The Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area Character Appraisal Statement was adopted by the Council in October 2010. This document identifies and appraises the architectural and historic character of Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area.
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Non-Designated Heritage Assets
2.16 The Framework3 identifies that heritage assets include both designated heritage assets and non designated heritage assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing).
2.17 The London Borough of Barnet maintains a ‘Schedule of Buildings of Local Architectural or Historic Interest’ (‘local list’). There are no locally listed buildings which would be affected by the emerging proposals; therefore, it is not necessary to consider them further in this report.
Scoped out Heritage Assets
2.18 Outside the Site’s boundary and within the identified setting of the Site are numerous heritage assets of varying importance. It is considered that although a number of heritage assets are located within the vicinity of the Site, these have been assessed as being sufficiently well concealed in term of visual, traffic, emissions and noise impacts to ensure that they are unlikely to experience any significant effects as a result of the development of the Site. Accordingly they will not be discussed in the remainder of this report.
2.19 These include:
St. Anne’s House, East End Road, London N2 (Grade II listed);
Church of the Holy Trinity, Church Lane, London. N2 (Grade II listed);
The Manor House, 80 East End Road, London. N3 (Grade II* listed); and
59 East End Road.
2.20 Please note that the London Borough of Barnet’s ‘Schedule of Buildings of Local Architectural or Historic Interest’ includes 59 East End Road as a non designated heritage asset. This building was added to the local list on 30/04/86, whilst the extant building at this location seemingly dates to the 1990s. It appears therefore the previous building of local architectural or historic interest has been demolished and the current building is not considered to form the building identified by the LPA. It is assessed as having no heritage value and will not be considered further in this report.
3 DCLG, National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) 2012 - Annex 2: Glossary
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3. Significance of the Heritage Assets
Introduction
3.1 The Framework defines the significance of a heritage asset as:
“The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. That interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting4”.
Listed Buildings
3.2 Listed buildings are defined as designated heritage assets that hold architectural or historic interest. The Principles of Selection for Listed Buildings (2010) were published by the Department of Culture Media and Sport5, and are supported by Historic England’s Listing Selection Guides for each building type. The relevant selection guide for the listed buildings affected by the proposals is Domestic 3: Suburban and Country Houses6.
Registered Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest
3.3 The main purpose of the Register is to identify designed landscapes of special historic interest. Whilst there is no additional statutory protection arising from inclusion on the register it is a ‘material consideration’ in the planning process, meaning that planning authorities must consider the impact of any proposed development on the landscapes’ special character. Registered Park and Gardens also constitute designated heritage assets under the framework.
3.4 In considering the potential special historic interest of a park or garden the principal overarching consideration is age and rarity. Historic England has published guidance to assist with consideration of potential special historic interest.7 This is supplemented by a series of selection guides (Historic England) that set out in more detail the approach to designating designed landscapes.8
Conservation Areas
3.5 Conservation areas are designated if they are of special architectural or historic interest, the character and appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance9. Historic England has published an advice note in respect of conservation areas and this provides a framework for the appraisal and assessment of the special interest and significance of a conservation area, and also provides advice on how to identify whether
4 DCLG, National Planning Policy Framework (Framework) 2012 - Annex 2: Glossary 5 DCMS, Principles of Selection for Listing Buildings, 2010 6 Historic England. Domestic 2: Townhouses Selection Guide. October 2011. 7 Historic England, The Register of Parks and Gardens: Moving towards a new way of managing England’s historic environment, 2010 8 Historic England, Register of Parks and Gardens Selection Guides (All Designed Landscapes), 2013 9 HMSO, Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act, 1990 – Section 69(1) (a)
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a building contributes positively to the character and/or appearance of a conservation area.10
Significance and Setting
3.6 The Framework defines the setting of a heritage asset as:
“The surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may be neutral.”11
3.7 Historic England has published a good practice advice note12 in respect of the setting of heritage assets, providing detail on understanding setting and the associated assessment of the impact of any changes. Together, this guidance provides a framework for assessing the significance of designated or non-designated heritage assets.
Assessment
3.8 The following assessments of heritage significance are proportionate to the importance of the identified designated heritage assets and provide a sufficient level of description to understand the impact of the emerging proposals upon their significance and setting, given their nature and extent. The assessment is based on review of existing published information, archival research and on-site visual survey and analysis.
10 Historic England, Historic England Advice Note 1: Conservation Area Designation, Appraisal and Management, 2016 11 DCLG, NPPF, 2012 – Annex 2: Glossary. 12Historic England Good Practice Advice note 3 – The Setting of Heritage Assets, 2015.
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No.63 East End Road (Grade II Listed Building)
Historical Development
3.9 No.63 East End Road is a grade II listed, early 19th century villa located within East Finchley in north London, in the London Borough of Barnet. East Finchley was originally named East End and was known for its pig markets or hog farms. We provide below an overview of the historic development of the Site as context to the assessment of the heritage assets on-site and also in its vicinity.
3.10 The settlement was very small in size and was largely concentrated along East End Road.13 The first detailed map of the area is Rocque’s map of 1754 (Figure 3.1), which shows East End Road running north west to south east, with Finchley Common to its east. East End Road was originally the route from the hamlet of Church End Finchley to the old Great North Road and was known as Piryton Lane (in 1423), and later Finchley Road (in the 18th century) and Manor Lane (in the 19th century)14.
Figure 3.1: Rocque’s Map dated 1754 with the approximate location of the Site marked in red15
3.11 Prior to 1840, the land on which the property now stands was leased to a number of tenants, including John Gordon in 1692, and John Bacon, who owned the land until 1799. In 1799, Samuel Henry Cullum purchased the land from John Bacon’s estate. It is
13 London Life, History of East Finchley, accessed via http://lifeinlondon-londonlife.blogspot.co.uk/2010/02/history-of- east-finchley.html. 14 London Borough of Barnet, East End Road (Finchley N2), accessed via https://www.barnet.gov.uk/citizen- home/libraries/local-studies-and-archives/pocket-histories/finchley-friern-barnet-and-totteridge/east-end-road-finchley- n2.html. 15 MOTCO Maps, accessed via http://www.motco.com/map/
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possible he is responsible for the construction of the existing house on the Site, which is mentioned in 1817 as one of a number on East End Road. Cullum is specified on the 1840 tithe apportionment as the owner of plots 740-749 (which incorporates the Site), which comprised shrubbery, a corner field, house, grounds, yard, garden, yard buildings and a paddock.
3.12 No.63 East End Road is situated on the northern side of East End Road and is first represented on the 1840 tithe map (Figure 3.2). The house is shown on the tithe map and is evidently extant by this time and may be marginally earlier.
3.13 In November 1863, the house was sold to Mr Henry James Gotto, a famous Jewish stationer who owned a large stationery firm in London. However, he had sold it again by the end of April 1864 to the Convent of the Good Shepherd Sisters.16 The sisters had been given a full description of the property by a Catholic innkeeper, Mr Orpwood, who described it as a house with garden, stables and fine meadowland, and compelled the sisters to come and view it.17
3.14 Miss Gordon, an unmarried descendant of John Gordon, is referred to as being the legal owner of a piece of land bought by the Good Shepherd Sisters in 1876 to extend the convent grounds, therefore highlighting that the Gordon family may well have owned or occupied at least part of the land continuously from 1692.18
Figure 3.2: 1840 Tithe Map of Finchley with approximate site boundary in red and approximate principal listed building location marked in blue19
16 Archive of the Good Shepherd Sisters 17 Archive of the Good Shepherd Sisters 18Archive of the Good Shepherd Sisters 19 Archive of the Good Shepherd Sisters
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3.15 The house at No.63 East End Road is illustrated in detail on the 1863 Ordnance Survey (OS) map and is marked as Eastend House (Figure 3.3). The building is shown set within its own plot of land, surrounded by formal gardens. To the front (south) of the property, a curved driveway provided access to the house from East End Road. To the east and north east were a range of outbuildings, which would have included the stables. St. Marylebone Cemetery lies to the south of the Site, to the opposite (southern) side of East End Road. The surrounding area remained predominantly as rural fields and farmland at this date.
3.16 In April 1864, the stables were converted into habitable apartments which, along with the existing house, provided accommodation for 30 girls and 7 sisters. The first mass was said in the house on 5th August 1864 and it commenced as a convent of the Good Shepherd from this point onwards. In 1866, the nuns were offered an expansion to their work in the form of providing a refuge for former female prisoners. However, due to the sisters being little in number and the accommodation at East Finchley not being large enough, it was decided by the Chapter of the Provincial House to transfer the community from East Finchley to Hammersmith, along with the prisoners, during the construction of a new building at East End Road. In October 1872, the nuns moved back into the house at Finchley and the prisoners moved into the new building, now adjoining the house. At this time, half of the religious community at Hammersmith also moved to Finchley, as well as additional sisters from another house that had broken up.20
Figure 3.3: 1863 Ordnance Survey Map with approximate site boundary in red and approximate principal listed building location marked in blue 21
20 Archive of the Good Shepherd Sisters 21 Archive of the Good Shepherd Sisters
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Figure 3.4: Interior of the church22
Figure 3.5: The convent and convent gardens in 192023
22Archive of the Good Shepherd Sisters 23 Archive of the Good Shepherd Sisters
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3.17 Further convent buildings were erected throughout the late 19th century. In 1875 a new church was built, the interior of which is shown in a photograph dating from 1920 (Figure 3.4) and in 1876 the construction of a new house for penitents began. The class of penitents from Hammersmith, roughly 85 in number, were moved to this new house in 187724. A commercial laundry formed part of the refuge and financially supported the institution. The penitents were taught laundry work as well as all kinds of needlework.25 In March 1878, a small building was erected adjoining the laundry to house new drying apparatus and in November 1878 it was decided to provide a new entrance to the refuge and to partition off their parlours.26
3.18 In September 1880 it was agreed that the existing buildings would be expanded upon and a convent would be built on-site, with the intention of providing the ‘provincial house’ at Finchley, as well as a novitiate, where women could learn to become nuns. Work began on the new convent in December of that year. The following year it was decided that a cloister would be built connecting the convent and the ‘classes’, and also that East End House would be repaired and two parlours constructed.27 The wing for the novitiate was completed in 1886, at which time East End House became the ‘provincial house’ for the order.28 The new convent building and its gardens are shown in a historic photograph dating from 1920 (Figure 3.5). Also in 1880 it was agreed that the boundary wall along East End Road would be extended and in 1886 that it should be raised to a height of nine feet from the ground. It was also decided by the chapter in 1883 to erect a covered walkway from the convent to the outer gate within the boundary wall.29
Figure 3.6: 1896 Ordnance Survey Map with approximate site boundary in red and approximate principal listed building location marked in blue 30
24 Archive of the Good Shepherd Sisters 25 Every Woman’s Encyclopaedia, 1910-12, accessed via http://chestofbooks.com/food/household/Woman- Encyclopaedia-1/Religion-The-Convent-Of-The-Good-Shepherd.html 26 Archive of the Good Shepherd Sisters 27 Archive of the Good Shepherd Sisters 28 Victoria County History, A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 6, Friern Barnet, Finchley, Hornsey with Highgate, 1980 29 Archive of the Good Shepherd Sisters 30 National Library of Scotland
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3.19 The 1896 OS map (Figure 3.6) illustrates the new convent buildings that had been erected adjoining East End House and the extent of development to the surrounding area. The E-shaped plan of the convent can be seen adjoining the north west side of the house, which also adjoined the church directly to the rear of the house. The wing to the north east was the refuge for former prisoners, or penitentiary, with the laundry and the wing adjoining the south east side of the house was known as St. Joseph’s Wing. This served as a training home for friendless young girls and later became St. Joseph’s School.
3.20 To the south west side of East End Road, the map illustrates that the pattern of development was sparse, with large properties set in substantial grounds. To the north east side of the road however, rows of terraced housing had begun to be laid out, including that along Hamilton Road and Brackenbury Road situated to the south east of the convent.
3.21 In 1895, the convent was recorded as having 170 penitents and about 80 young girls in the training home.31 By 1900, they were accommodating 180 penitents and 130 young girls.32 ‘Every Woman’s Encyclopaedia’, published in 1910-12, gives a background on the Order of the Good Shepherd and also describes the convent at East Finchley at this time, including the number living there. It outlines that:
‘‘On entering this convent, at once one is struck by the beauty of the flowers in the garden. They give the place a most cheerful aspect. And the great object which the nuns have in view is to brighten as far as possible the lives of the poor creatures who take refuge within their walls. There are over 200 penitents, varying in age from seventeen to seventy, some of whom have been in the convent refuge at East Finchley for over thirty years…
The convent inhabited by the nuns is entirely separated from the house in which the penitents live and work. The two buildings are joined by a cloister, but the door in this cloister is always locked, and the penitents never enter the convent. Their refectory, workroom, and garden are completely separated from those of the nuns.
Within the same walls, but completely separated, there is at East Finchley a home for friendless young girls. They are taken in at fourteen years of age, and kept by the nuns free of all charge until they are fit for service. Then situations are found for them. At present there are 150 of these girls training for service.’’33
3.22 An extension had been added to St. Joseph’s Wing of the convent by the early 20th century, as shown in the 1914 OS map (Figure 3.7). This is illustrated as a projection to the south east side of this wing. St. Marylebone Cemetery had also been extended by this date to its north west side, with a new network of paths laid out, and additional buildings had also been erected within its grounds. Further rows of terraced housing had been laid out to the north east side and eastern side of East End Road, including Sedgemere Avenue.
31 http://www.jtrforums.com/showthread.php?p=281758 32 Victoria County History, A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 6, Friern Barnet, Finchley, Hornsey with Highgate, 1980 33 Every Woman’s Encyclopaedia, 1910-12, accessed via http://chestofbooks.com/food/household/Woman- Encyclopaedia-1/Religion-The-Convent-Of-The-Good-Shepherd.html
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Figure 3.7: 1914 Ordnance Survey Map with approximate site boundary in red and approximate principal listed building location marked in blue
Figure 3.8: 1940 Ordnance Survey Map with approximate site boundary in red and approximate principal listed building location marked in blue
3.23 By 1940, the OS map (Figure 3.8) illustrates that a small building had been attached to the south west side of the E-shaped convent, facing onto the front garden area. This is not represented on the 1920 OS map and therefore dates this building to between 1920 and 1940 (Range 6 – see later). In addition, a number of smaller detached buildings had been constructed to the west of the convent and a further wing had been added to St. Joseph’s Wing, lying immediately adjacent to East End Road. The crematorium and chapel designed by Edwin Cooper had been erected within St. Marylebone Cemetery in
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1937. Further development to the surrounding area included new housing to the south west side of East End Road, laid out form the late 1920s.
3.24 General arrangement plans of the convent shows the building in the mid-20th century (Figure 3.9). This shows the division of the various wings and gives an indication of what the spaces were used for, as well as illustrating in more detail how East End House was incorporated into the later convent buildings.
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Figure 3.9: Mid-20th century plan drawing of the convent with the approximate site boundary marked in red and the principal listed building marked in blue.34
34 Archive of the Good Shepherd Sisters
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Figure 3.10: Plan showing division of convent land taken from the 1952-55 OS plan.
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3.25 The convent’s role as a refuge ended in 1948 and following this, part of the land was sold and redeveloped into Bishop Douglas School in 1963 (see Figure 3.10).35 The centenary of the sisters’ arrival in Finchley was celebrated in 1964; however, the future of the convent was uncertain, due to a fall in numbers of those entering into a religious life, as well as Child Care authorities beginning to disfavour residential treatment in large institutions. Subsequently, the home for troubled teenagers was phased out in 1971. The fate of the establishment was settled, however, by a fire in October 1972 started by an electrical fault, which badly damaged most of the buildings (see Appendix 4).
Figure 3.11: 1976 plan drawing showing part of the Site
3.26 In January 1973, much of the convent’s former land was sold to Chalice Housing Association. The majority of the convent buildings were demolished by 1976, and in 1980 the Thomas More housing estate was developed. Plans showing the Site dating from 1966 and 1974 illustrate that a further extension had been added to St. Joseph’s Wing along East End Road and also that a number of new detached buildings had been erected to the western side of the convent. A plan drawing dating from 1976 (Figure
35 London Borough of Barnet, East End Road (Finchley N2), accessed via https://www.barnet.gov.uk/citizen- home/libraries/local-studies-and-archives/pocket-histories/finchley-friern-barnet-and-totteridge/east-end-road-finchley- n2.html
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3.11) shows part of the Site following the demolition of the convent buildings and illustrates that an additional extension had been constructed to the north west side of the house, between the house and the 1920-1940 extension, as extant on the Site today. This extension is not represented on the 1974 drawing, therefore dating this extension to 1974-76 (Range 7 – see later).
3.27 Further land was sold for housing in 1991, and in 1996 the original East End House (No.63 East End Road) was sold to the Order of Carmelites, who used the building as a offices and residential accommodation for the Carmelite Friars.36 A plan showing how and when the land was broken up is shown in Figure 3.11. As found today, the original house remains, with remnants of the late 19th and early 20th century wings added as part of the conversion to the convent and a small 1970s range to the west of the principal villa.
Architectural Interest
3.28 No.63 East End Road is of architectural interest as an example of a ‘‘polite’’ detached villa dating from the early 19th century, which has subsequently been extended and modified during the course of the late 19th and early 20th century. The listed building displays an attractive symmetrical frontage and refined detailing, which are illustrative of its original use as a country house. The original villa building overall retains its historic character and appearance externally and also some internal elements of historic fabric and decorative features.
3.29 The remaining convent extensions that form part of the later convent buildings are however clearly evident from the exterior of the original villa. These later phases and associated successive changes are demonstrative of the building’s historic development and change of use. As a whole, the principal listed building is a good example of the 19th century Neo Classical or late Regency style applied to domestic architecture during this period, which is expressed in elements of its elevational proportions and design, surviving plan form and interior features, albeit that there has been some later adaptation and alteration to the property as a result of its conversion to a convent.
3.30 In the Buildings of England, London 4: North, Pevsner describes the listed building as:
‘‘Convent of the Good Shepherd. Its core is East End House, a nice early C19 five-bay villa with Greek Doric porch. The grounds now much filled up with C20 housing.’’37
Exterior 3.31 The principal frontage of No.63 East End Road (Figure 3.12) overall retains its historic character as an early 19th century country house. The listed building is arranged over two storeys and is constructed of yellow stock brick with yellow/red brick to the front elevation. A stucco string course runs below the first floor windows and there is a stucco moulded cornice and parapet to the roofline. The building is five bays wide, with a symmetrical frontage with central projecting porch with fluted Doric columns. The outer two bays contain recessed 6/6 sash windows with gauged yellow brick flat arches. To the central stairlight at first floor level is also a 6/6 recessed sash window, with a stucco surround.
36 Archive of the Good Shepherd Sisters 37 Cherry, B and Pevsner, N, The Buildings of England, London 4: North, 2002
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Figure 3.12: Principal frontage of No.63 East End Road.
3.32 As described, the listed building has undergone later alteration and extension as part of its conversion to a convent. The various phases of the building’s development are illustrated in the development phasing plan below (Figure 3.13), which splits the building into a number of ranges and sets out the date of construction for each range.
3.33 The listed building is flanked on both sides by remnants of the later wings erected as part of the conversion of the building to the convent use. To the south west side are two ranges, Range 6 and Range 7. Range 6 comprises a small extension attached to the building between 1920 and 1940, as identified in the map regression, and Range 7 added in 1974-76 (as outlined earlier in this Section). Range 6 consists of two storeys, whilst the later range is a single storey element (Figure 3.14). They are constructed of yellow stock brick with a stucco string course above the ground floor windows, to match the principal listed building, and the double storey element has a slate pitched roof with dormer windows. The windows throughout are casement windows, the majority of which are uPVC (latter detrimental to listed building’s significance). This element of the building is illustrative of the later convent use and its expansion in the early 20th century.
3.34 The building materials used are sympathetic and form reasonably unobtrusive extensions to the principal listed building but are not considered to be of such quality that they contribute towards the architectural significance of the listed building. They are considered of negligible architectural significance and only of limited historic significance (see later). Indeed, because Ranges 6 and 7 are advanced in front of the principal elevation of the original villa they compete visually with the villa and reduce the prominence of the principal elevation of the listed building. Overall, they are considered to be detrimental to the listed building’s significance.
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Figure 3.13: Development Phasing Plan
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3.35 To the south east, the listed building adjoins a single storey range (Range 4), partly added in the late 19th century along with the walkway connecting Range 2 with East End Road. From historic map regressions the latter southern and south-eastern extension to Range 4 was added between 1914-40 (see Figure 3.16). Range 4 is also constructed of yellow stock brick and has timber casement windows. A historic photograph dating from the early 20th century (Figure 3.15) the covered walkway, which was formerly attached to the substantial buildings of the St. Joseph’s Wing (now demolished), had a series of arched windows along its length, to either side of a central arched gateway that led to a small courtyard/yard (Figure 3.9).
3.36 As found today (Figure 3.16), the arched gateway opening survives, however, to the north east side of the gateway, the building has been altered to incorporate casement windows, and to the south west side, the walkway has been altered with larger openings created.
3.37 The historic tiled flooring however still survives to the external walkway. Although somewhat altered, the surviving elements of the convent buildings in this location are evocative of the former arrangement and use of the buildings. These ranges are considered to be of architectural significance.
Figure 3.14: Projecting wing to north west side of principal frontage (Ranges 6 & 7)
3.38 The historic brick boundary wall delineates the boundary of the property along East End Road, as well as along part of Thomas More Way to the south east and partially along Briar Close to the north west. It is constructed of brown brick laid in Flemish bond with a blue brick coping, and has a series of buttresses along the internal face of the wall. Records indicate that the boundary wall was originally constructed in 1875 and, as outlined earlier, was extended and heightened in the 1880s. The historic outer gate within the boundary wall remains as well as a Victorian letterbox (Figure 3.17), and
further north west along the wall is the principal entrance with decorative wrought iron gates. The brick boundary wall is of significance as a surviving element of the convent and as it is illustrative of the historic boundary of the convent.
Figure 3.15: Early 20th century photograph looking east towards St. Joseph’s Wing38
Figure 3.16: Photograph looking east towards covered walkway
38 Archive of the Good Shepherd Sisters
Figure 3.17: Brick boundary wall along East End Road with outer doorway and letterbox
3.39 The rear elevation of the listed building (Figure 3.18), built of yellow stock brick, is much simpler in terms of its architectural detailing and features, in comparison with the principal street frontage, and is also unsymmetrical in its design and fenestration pattern. This reflects the difference in status between the public frontage and the more modest, private rear elevation.
Figure 3.18: Rear elevation of No.63 East End Road
3.40 The rear elevations of buildings were also more liable to be subject to change and alteration over time which has clearly been the case on the villa’s rear elevation. A change in the brickwork around the smaller sash window at first floor level indicates that this opening was a later addition to the building, which illustrates a history of change.
3.41 The result of this history of alteration is a more informal character, which is different from that associated with the more regular principal street frontage, indicating the lesser contribution of the rear elevation to the character of the wider townscape by comparison.
3.42 The rear of the property also incorporates the remaining elements of the later wings attached to either side of the listed building as part of the convent. Range 5 is built over a single storey, across three bays and of buff London stock brick. Range 5’s eastern elevation (Figure 3.19) retains three timber framed casement windows with wider red brick arches, which are likely to be a surviving elevation of the walkway adjoining the 1880s E-shaped convent building erected in this location. The original western extreme of the former walkway is today shown by the central internal wall within Range 5. Its western elevation comprises more modern brickwork and also uPVC windows, which have been incorporated at a later date, are reasonably sympathetic but of no heritage value (see Figure 3.20).
Figure 3.19: Remnant of north west wing (Range 5)
3.43 Range 3 (see Figure 3.21) to the north-east of Range 1 formerly adjoined the church and linked Range 2 with the church. It retains elements of historic fabric although it has been substantially altered over its history. At ground floor window and door segmental heads of rubbed bricks remain with mid 20th century part panelled and part glazed doors and windows. However, to the first floor is a miscellaneous arrangement of windows crudely inserted post the fire of 1972 to adapt those elements remaining to a functional use. There is evidence of much brick infilling to the elevation with sill and lintels still visible where partly infilled. The raised first floor element supported by a cast iron prop (visible on the right hand side of Figure 3.21) was inserted following the fire in 1972 is of no heritage value and as it obscures part of the northern elevation of Range 2 is considered detrimental to the listed building’s significance.
3.44 To the northern extreme is a single storey extension formed of London stock brick built in soldier bond with uPVC windows also likely dating to the 1970s. Overall, the building is of negligible architectural significance.
Figure 3.20: Western elevation of Range 5
Figure 3.21: Western elevation of Range 3.
3.45 Range 4 is single storey and partly dates to the 1870s with a later extension between 1914-40. Range 4’s western element adjoining Range 1 was formerly a worship room
for the convent. The southern elevations of Range 4 was extended and an extension added between 1914-40 of buff London stock brick with 17th century styled casements and prominent painted Portland stone architraves, sills, transoms and moulded parapet coping stones. The fenestration is eclectic with small panes and including stained glass windows to the northern elevation of the worship room (see Figure 3.22).
Figure 3.22: Southern and Western elevation of Range 4.
Interior 3.46 Internally, the historic plan form of the listed building remains legible throughout, as does the traditional hierarchy of the interior spaces. The principal listed building displays the larger proportioned and more grandly decorated principal rooms, whilst there are smaller, more modest rooms located within the later attached elements. This provides an understanding of the historic use of the building initially as a country house and later as a convent, which contributes positively to the heritage interest of the listed building.
Range 1 – Ground Floor 3.47 The listed building is entered through the central doorway to its principal frontage, which leads into an entrance hallway and then a larger central hallway space containing the principal staircase, as shown in Figure 3.25. The main rooms of the house are accessed from this central circulation space. The grander principal rooms that remain to this part of the building would have historically been where the key functions of family life, business and entertainment would have taken place.
3.48 There are a number of historic decorative features retained within this part of the listed building. The areas of historic detailing noted on inspection comprise:
• Early 20th century timber and glazed double doors to the principal entrance and timber and glazed double doors to the hallway (with stained glass) with fanlight above (see Figures 3.23 and 3.24).
• Principal cantilevered open string staircase with hardwood wooden handrail and balusters (see Figure 3.25).
• Original early 19th century timber sliding sash windows with timber shutter boxes (see Figure 3.25).
• Timber doors, timber door surrounds, decorative skirting (Figure 3.27) and decorative cornicing (Figure 3.28) survive to a number of the rooms/spaces at ground floor level, as well as decorative ceiling roses and chimneypieces (Figure 3.29) to the front two rooms.
• Wooden flooring, likely to date from the 20th century as part of the conversion to the convent, is evident to the front two rooms.
• Remnants of a historic archway between the kitchen and W.C. on the north west side of the principal listed building (Figure 3.30).
• Coloured glass window within the rear kitchen (see Figure 3.31). This represents a rare surviving element of internal historic fabric relating to the former convent.
Figure 3.23: Principal timber double doorway Figure 3.24: Timber double doors to hallway with fanlight over with fanlight over
Figure 3.25: Principal staircase with wooden Figure 3.26: Timber sliding sash window with balustrade timber shutter boxes
Figure 3.27: Timber decorative skirting Figure 3.28: Decorative ceiling cornicing
Figure 3.29: Chimneypiece to one of the Figure 3.30: Surviving archway between principal rooms kitchen and W.C.
Figure 3.31: Coloured glass window within the rear kitchen.
Range 1 – First Floor 3.49 At first floor level the overall plan form remains legible. As originally designed, it is likely that the rear three bedrooms and bathroom would have consisted of three rooms, but have been subdivided to incorporate the bathroom. The rooms at this level are accessible from the central circulation space. There are similar surviving features as found at ground floor level, however some more modern cornicing, doors and flooring have been inserted. The areas of historic detailing noted on inspection comprise:
Rectangular rooflight with timber margins lights above the principal staircase, likely to date from the early 20th century (see Figure 3.32).
Original timber sliding sash windows with timber shutter boxes.
Timber doors, timber door architraves (see Figure 3.33), decorative skirting (see Figure 3.34) and decorative cornicing.
Figure 3.32: Rooflight over principal staircase Figure 3.33: Timber door architrave
Figure 3.34: Decorative skirting Figure 3.35: Wood panelling.
3.50 The wood panelling to the lower half of the wall within one of the bathrooms at the north west end of the house (see Figure 3.35). appears crude, lacking in detailing and is likely imitation from the mid 20th century onwards. It is not considered to contribute to the listed building’s significance.
Range 1 – Basement 3.51 The basement level to the principal listed building is accessed via two separate staircases at ground floor level, one of which is accessed via a small lightwell to the north west end of the house. The plan form at this level consists of a corridor running north west to south east, with three doors leading off it. There are two rooms to either end of the corridor, with the central room divided to form two stores. The areas of historic detailing noted on inspection at this level comprise:
• Historic brick vaulted ceilings to the central stores (see Figure 3.36).
• Original stone flooring to the central stores (see Figure 3.37).
• Chimneybreast to the north west end of the corridor (see Figure 3.38).
• Arched alcove fireplace within the room at the south east end (see Figure 3.39).
Figure 3.36: Brick vaulted ceiling Figure 3.37: Original stone flooring
Figure 3.38: Chimneybreast within corridor Figure 3.39: Arched alcoved fireplace to south east room
Range 2 – Ground Floor 3.52 Range 2 forms an early 19th century extension to the principal listed building. This range overall retains its historic plan form, with some later partitions, however there is little remaining historic detailing, with no cornicing extant to the rooms and modern doors incorporated. The areas of historic detailing noted on inspection at this level comprise:
• Timber sliding sash window (see Figure 3.40).
• Mid 20th century timber skirting – no contribution to the listed building’s significance (see Figure 3.41).
Figure 3.40: Timber sash window Figure 3.41: Timber skirting
Range 2 – First Floor 3.53 At first floor level of Range 2, the historic features that remain are consistent with those at ground floor level.
Range 3 – Ground Floor 3.54 This range formed part of the late 19th century additions to the house as part of the convent. As originally designed, it provided the access to the church from the principal listed building of East End House and St. Joseph’s Wing and therefore likely consisted of a corridor. As found today, this range is comprised of a series of adjoining rooms, with the laundry room at the north east end being a later addition, likely added in the late 20th century. There is limited historic fabric that remains within this range, however it is of significance as it is representative of the past use of the building as a convent and its former connection with the church (now demolished).
3.55 The areas of historic detailing noted on inspection at this level comprise:
• A series of arched openings along the corridor space, now with door frames incorporated, which provide an understanding of the former use of the building as a convent (see Figure 3.42). These are also aligned with the walkway from the church and Range 2 to East End Road and could also potentially have been used originally as a walkway. This represents a rare surviving element of internal historic fabric relating to the former convent.
• Mid 20th century timber skirting – no contribution to the listed building’s significance (Figure 3.43).
Figure 3.42: Arched openings Figure 3.43: Timber skirting
Range 3 – First Floor 3.56 A staircase provides access to the first floor level within this range, where a bedroom and bathroom have been incorporated within the long corridor space. A number of windows at this level have been later altered, as evidenced by a change in the brickwork to the exterior of the building. Although later partitions have been added within this space, the appreciation of its past use as a corridor remains, however there is little remaining historic detailing. That noted on inspection comprises:
• Timber boarded ceiling and ornate moulded cornice (see Figures 3.44 & 3.45). The ceiling was likely original uncovered and likely once served as a walkway from East End Road to the church. However, in the adaptation of the buildings post the 1972 fire we consider the existing tongue and grove ceiling boarding to date to this time. The boarding is of limited heritage value.
Figure 3.44: Timber boarded ceiling Figure 3.45: Timber cornice to ceiling
Range 4 – Ground Floor Only 3.57 Range 4 was also part of the late 19th century additions to the building and formed part of St. Joseph’s Wing. As found today, it has undergone later alteration (as described earlier in the Section), with the majority of the rooms having been refurbished and incorporating modern doors and modern or no cornicing. The worship room within this range incorporates a bay window added later in the early 20th century, as illustrated by the early 20th century photograph at Figure 3.15, and the downstand that remains,
indicating the former line of the external wall (see Figure 3.45). The areas of historic detailing noted on inspection within this range comprise:
• Timber door architrave (see Figure 3.47).
• Modern timber skirting of negligible significance (see Figure 3.48).
• Historic arched doorway opening, now with door frame and modern door incorporated (see Figure 3.49). These are also aligned with the walkway from the church and Range 2 to East End Road and could also potentially have been used originally as a walkway. This represents a rare surviving element of internal historic fabric relating to the former convent.
Figure 3.46: Downstand indicating line of Figure 3.47: Timber door architrave former external wall
Figure 3.48: Modern timber skirting Figure 3.49: Arched opening – partly infilled
Range 5 – Ground Floor Only 3.58 Range 5 is a single storey element and likely formed part of the external wall to a walkway that bordered the eastern side of the convent building overlooking the courtyard/yard to the east. As found today, this range has been extended and altered in the 20th century on its western side extending over part of the area once formed by the convent. The original extent of this range is indicated by the central internal wall running north-south. The retention of nibs and a downstand, along with the thickness of this wall,
indicates that it was formally an external wall. The 20th century extension / alteration of this wing is further indicated by the brickwork to the exterior on the west elevation and the uPVC windows in this location (latter of no heritage value). As such, historic features that survive are located on the south east side of this range. The areas of historic detailing noted on inspection within this range comprise:
• The series of timber framed casement windows with decorative timber detail under the sill (see Figures 3.50 & 3.51). An early 20th century photograph of the interior of the convent (see Figure 3.53) shows windows of the same design, highlighting that these are likely to be original. It cannot be confirmed however that this photograph identifies the location of these windows, as this design was likely to be repeated throughout the convent.
• Decorative alcove within northernmost room (see Figure 3.52)
• Stained glass window within the south east wall adjacent to the lightwell leading to the basement (see Figure 3.53). Although not located in its original position within the building, this element dates from the building’s use as a convent and therefore is of interest for its illustrative value of the former use of the building.
• The above items represent a rare surviving element of internal historic fabric relating to the former convent.
Figure 3.50: Opening within wall in Figure 3.51: Timber framed casement window northernmost room with decorative detail below sill
Figure 3.52: Decorative alcove Figure 3.53: Stained glass window to ground.
Figure 3.54: Early 20th century photograph of interior of convent39
Range 6 – Ground and First Floors 3.59 This early 20th century range has largely been refurbished and modernised in the late 20th century, with some metal casement windows / a metal door remaining, however predominantly incorporating uPVC windows, modern doors and modern staircase balustrade. As such, this range is considered to make a negligible contribution to the architectural significance of the principal listed building, largely derived from its illustrative value of the historic development of the convent.
Range 7 – Ground Floor Only 3.60 Access was not provided to this range but historic map regressions tell us this element was added in the 1970s, between 1974-76. The range likely dates to post the 1972 fire.
3.61 The building materials used are sympathetic and form reasonably unobtrusive extensions to the principal listed building but are not considered to be of such quality that they contribute towards the architectural significance of the listed building. This range is assessed as having negligible architectural significance with only limited historic interest (see later).
Assessment of Room Plan Significance 3.62 Please see Figure 3.55 and 3.56 for a marked up assessment of the relative significance of the walls, doors and windows within the extant buildings. Within these figures we have used the following colour coding:
Red – denotes original historic fabric of high significance;
Orange – denotes original fabric of moderate significance or later additions of moderate significance;
Blue – denotes later addition but of limited significance; and
Green – denotes modern fabric of no heritage value.
39 Archive of the Good Shepherd Sisters
Figure 3.54: Marked Up Ground Floor plan showing relative significance
Figure 3.55: Marked Up First Floor plan showing relative significance
Historic Interest
3.63 The building’s principal historic interest lies in its use as a former convent which would have formed a significant landmark to the local area through its approximate 100 year duration until it rapid decline post the fire of 1972.
3.64 The listed building is also representative of the religious work of the Order of the Good Shepherd. The Good Shepherd Sisters were members of an order founded by John Eudes, one of the most distinguished ecclesiastics in France during the 17th century.40 They first came to England from Angers, France in 1840 and set up a convent in Hammersmith, London, where they were engaged in looking after neglected children. By the mid-1840s, however, they required additional space and a further house was bought in Hammersmith, as well as houses in Glasgow, Bristol and Liverpool. It was in the 1860s that No.63 East End was purchased by the sisters, following a further expansion of their work.
3.65 The convent also included other socially important uses such as a prison, a later school and a refugee for friendless girls. It therefore provided an important social function of correction, refugee and training (in its various guises) at a time of great social and financial disparity.
3.66 All of the above factors give the former convent gives the building cultural and social historic interest. However, this historic significance is reduced a low level by the only sparse historic fabric remaining from this passage in the building’s history which was largely destroyed by the 1972 fire. There are isolated examples of historic fabric remaining but to the untrained laymen’s eye it would be difficult to discern this layer of the building’s history. The convent historic fabric remaining is therefore of perhaps greater significance due to the scarcity of such evidence but the poor quality of this evidence should not allow its significance to be exaggerated. Regrettably the majority of the internal historic fabric was destroyed in the 1972 fire with only isolated elevations, some plan form and isolated internal elements remaining.
Contribution made by Setting to Significance
3.67 The Listing Selection Guide for suburban and country houses states that these buildings are principally defined by the space around them. They take advantage of more generous ground plots and are laid out with more freedom than their urban equivalent. Being set in substantial gardens and grounds or forming part of a larger estate, they have a different relationship with nature and can be part of distinct individual landscapes.
3.68 The listed building is situated on the north east side of East End Road, located opposite to East Finchley Cemetery. The wider setting of the heritage asset therefore predominantly comprises the urban townscapes of Finchley, East Finchley and Church End. These urban townscapes are largely varied and do not form part of the historic context of the listed building as a country house, or later as a convent, at which time the listed building was set within much more substantial gardens and grounds with surrounding open land. The wider townscape is, however, representative of the continued growth of the surrounding area.
40 Every Woman’s Encyclopaedia, 1910-12
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3.69 The listed building is approached through the entrance gateway within the boundary wall, which leads to a curved driveway and the remainder of the semi-circular front garden (Figure 3.57), which was reduced in size when the wings of the convent were erected. This front garden retains a yew tree, as seen in the historic photograph (Figure 3.16), and forms part of the historic and original setting of the listed building, as well as providing an attractive green setting. It is therefore considered to contribute positively to the significance of the heritage asset. The curtilage listed brick boundary wall and outer gate also contribute positively to the listed building’s significance by virtue of their historical association and providing an understanding of the property’s historic curtilage.
Figure 3.57: Front garden to No.63 East End Road
3.70 The rear garden north of the main house (Figure 3.58) continues around the north west side of Ranges 5 and 6 and the southern side of Range 3. This land would have historically formed part of the substantial formal garden associated with the original country house at No.63 East End Road. Later it became partly covered by the convent’s church, part by the main convent building as shown in Figure 3.9, partly formed the yard between the house and the church and lastly formed part of the convent gardens.
3.71 Today a modern brick boundary wall demarcates the existing northern rear garden boundary. Although now significantly reduced in size from the original villa gardens from the early 19th century, the garden space that remains makes a positive contribution to the listed building as a surviving element of its historic context. However, it should be borne in mind that the present open nature of the rear garden was not the character of the rear garden from the 1870s onwards as the convent buildings expanded and were in the main covered with built form until the fire of 1972. Indeed therefore over the life of the listed building the rear gardens have both open and enclosed for approximately an equal time period of approximately 100 years each. Both phases of its history contribute towards it significance.
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3.72 The gardens to the west of the principal listed building (see Figure 3.56) can be seen as originally laid out in Figure 3.3 on the 1863 map. We can see that originally the gardens to the north of the entrance gates once formed part of the original formal garden scheme to the house. Only the formal semi-circular gardens to the south of the main elevation survive today. Furthermore Ranges 5, 6 and 7 lie on the majority of the western element of the former formal gardens. The western element of the current gardens whilst aesthetically pleasing, today fall outside the historic formal gardens boundary and are therefore considered not to contribute to the significance of the listed building.
Figure 3.59: Rear garden
3.73 A part of the villa’s former garden lies outside of the Site’s boundary to the north east of the listed building, now outside of its curtilage within the modern housing estate (Figure 3.60). This area would have formed part of the grounds of the convent, and before that part of the original formal gardens of the villa. This element of setting contributes positively to the significance of the listed building as it provides a link to the asset’s historic setting. The former lawns have since been relandscaped as part of the modern housing scheme to the north but the historic treeline on this parcel of land indicate their antiquity and contextual link to the villa.
3.74 East Finchley Cemetery lies approximately 50m to the south west of the listed building, to the opposite side of East End Road (Figure 3.61). This proximity however is from its boundary gates to the gates/boundary wall of the listed building with limited to no intervisibility from the main body of the cemetery into the listed building’s grounds. The ability to appreciate the Site from the cemetery is therefore extremely low. However, given its proximity to the listed building the cemetery is considered to lie in the experiential setting of the listed building.
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Figure 3.59: Gardens to west of Range 5 looking towards Site’s western boundary
Figure 3.60: Area of mature trees within housing estate to rear marked in red.
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3.75 This cemetery forms part of the original and historic setting of the listed building having been set out at the start of the 19th century as with the villa. Although separated by the main road, the cemetery is considered to make a positive contribution to the significance of the listed building, by virtue of its shared historic development and as it forms part of the 19th century development of the area.
Figure 3.61: View of cemetery entrance from outer gate of convent
3.76 As found today, the extent of the grounds to the rear is now much truncated and, as illustrated by the map regression, formerly incorporated a much more generous plot with additional ranges of the convent. The modern residential developments built in the late 20th century now occupy the majority of the land to the north east and north west of the listed building, which historically formed part of its grounds (Figure 3.60), and form part of its experiential, visual and aesthetic setting. As such, the late 20th century housing has resulted in a significant change to the grounds as a whole. This has compromised the understanding of the historic development, historic layout and function of the listed building and as such, is considered to be detrimental to the significance of the listed building.
3.77 Immediately to the south east of No.63 East End Road, approximately 30m, is a large, modern residential building, which is not in keeping with the character of the listed building. This forms part of the experiential, visual and aesthetic setting of the listed building. Due to its close proximity, it is visible in a number of views from the listed building and as such, is considered to detract from the asset’s significance.
3.78 The immediate setting of the listed building incorporates East End Road (Figure 3.61), which has been extant as the principal road within the area since at least the mid-18th century. This is a busy road that experiences a high volume of vehicular traffic and forms part of the historic, visual, experiential and acoustic setting. However, although the asset is located in close proximity to this road, due to the high brick boundary wall,
47 the degree of mature vegetation, and the listed building being set back from the wall behind a front garden, there is a sense of detachment between the road and the asset and as such, it does not detract from the particular significance of the listed building.
Figure 3.62: Modern residential buildings to rear of listed building (on left)
Figure 3.63: East End Road looking north towards the principal listed building
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Summary of Significance
3.79 The level, extent and type of significance will be summarised in the table below for Ranges 1-7.
Range Approximate Architectural Historic Notable historic Sensitivity Number Date Significance Significance fabric to Change 1 1818-1817 High Moderate Northern High elevation, southern elevation, room plan, Internal historic fabric shown at Figures 3.22 – 3.38 2 1817-1840 High Limited Internal historic High fabric shown at Figures 3.39 – 3.40 3 1870s (N.B. Negligible Low- Internal historic Moderate hatched Moderate fabric shown at areas date Figures 3.41 – from 1970s 3.44 are of no heritage value) 4 1870s with Low- Moderate Southern elevation Moderate later moderate Internal historic extension fabric shown at between Figures 3.45 – 1914-40 3.48 5 1880s (N.B. Moderate Moderate Eastern elevation Moderate hatched and Internal areas date historic fabric from 1970s shown at Figures are of no 3.49 – 3.50 heritage value) 6 1920-40 Negligible Limited None Low
7 1974-76 Negligible Negligible None Low
Covered 1883 Low High All High Walkway Boundary Largely High Moderate All High wall to 1880s Moderate East End Road Table 3.1: Relative Significance Table of Extant Ranges
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Group Assessment: East Finchley Cemetery (Grade II* Registered Park and Garden) and listed buildings within
3.80 It has been noted in Section 2 of this report that the significance of the identified listed buildings and structures located within East Finchley Cemetery are, in this instance, related to that of the registered park and garden. Accordingly, for the purposes of this report, these heritage assets are considered in the context of the significance of East Finchley Cemetery and the contribution they make to this significance. The setting of these listed buildings, which contributes to their significance, is confined to the surrounding registered park and garden. Accordingly the following listed buildings will be considered as part of a group assessment with the cemetery:
Gate Lodge, Entrance Gates, Piers and Railings (Grade II Listed), Anglican Chapel (Grade II Listed), Monument to Thomas Tate (Grade II Listed), Monument to Harry Ripley (Grade II Listed), Monument to Sir Henry Bishop (Grade II Listed), Glenesk Mausoleum (Grade II Listed), Monument to Thomas Skaratt Hall (Grade II Listed), Monument to Sir Robert Harmsworth (Grade II Listed), Non-Conformist Chapel (Grade II Listed), Monument to Sir Peter Nicol Russell Engineer (Grade II Listed), Crematorium and Chapel (Grade II Listed), Gate and Gatehouses to Crematorium and attached railings (Grade II Listed).
Historical Development
3.81 East Finchley Cemetery, originally St. Marylebone Cemetery, occupies land which originally formed part of Newmarket Pig Farm, which was opened in 1680 and was famous by the 18th century for its hay set by John Odell.41 25 acres of this rural land was purchased by the Burial Board of the parish of St. Marylebone and the cemetery was founded in 1854. In January 1854, architects Barnet & Birch Ltd won a competition to design the buildings and layout of the cemetery. They designed the lodge, entrance and the two chapels, and the cemetery was planted by James Wright. Building work commenced in May 1854 and in March 1855 St. Marylebone Cemetery was consecrated by the Bishop of London. Figure 3.60 shows a drawing that accompanied the ‘Illustrated London News’ account of its consecration.
3.82 The cemetery was extended in 1893 when an area of land to the west was purchased. This does not appear in the 1896 OS map but is shown on the 1914 OS map (see Figure 3.7), as illustrated earlier within this Section. The cemetery was renamed East Finchley Cemetery in 1965, when the Borough of St. Marylebone was incorporated into the City of Westminster. The council sold the cemetery, together with two other cemeteries, in 1987 to private developers for fifteen pence. However, following a period of neglect and public controversy, Westminster purchased it back and it is still owned and managed by them today, although the Crematorium is now in private ownership. The ragstone buildings designed by Barnett & Birch were restored in 1994-96.
41 London Borough of Barnet, East End Road (Finchley N2), accessed via https://www.barnet.gov.uk/citizen- home/libraries/local-studies-and-archives/pocket-histories/finchley-friern-barnet-and-totteridge/east-end-road-finchley- n2.html
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Figure 3.64: Drawing illustrating the consecration of St. Marylebone Cemetery42
Special Historic Interest
3.83 The cemetery has historic value as a good example of a High Victorian cemetery, laid out in the mid-19th century following the Metropolitan Interment Act 1852, and as it is an exemplar of high quality public cemetery design for the Metropolis. It is of historic interest as a well-preserved example of the High Victorian response to the problems of urban cemeteries and the growth in civic pride and technical achievements in resolving sanitation problems during the course of the 19th century, reflecting the understanding of the importance of public hygiene within areas of urban growth at this time.
3.84 In addition, there is historic interest derived from notable individuals interred within the cemetery. These include; Sir George Barham, founder of the Express Dairy; Austen Chamberlain, politician; Quintin Hogg, founder of the Regent Street Polytechnic;43 Leopold Stokowski, conductor; and, Lord Northcloffe, founder of the Daily Mail.44 These historic values are intrinsically linked to the fabric, layout and appearance of the cemetery.
42 Gillies, S and Taylor, P, Finchley and Friern Barnet, 1992 43 Heathfield, J, Finchley and Whetstone Past, 2001 44 London Borough of Barnet, East End Road (Finchley N2), accessed via https://www.barnet.gov.uk/citizen- home/libraries/local-studies-and-archives/pocket-histories/finchley-friern-barnet-and-totteridge/east-end-road-finchley- n2.html
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Figure 3.65: Contrast between formal paths and buildings and the informal landscaping and grave stones
3.85 The aesthetic value of the cemetery is derived from its high quality, picturesque character and creative layout, provided by notable designers Barnett & Birch Ltd. There is a contrast between the formal layout of the paths, the entrance lodge, gatehouses and chapels and the more informal character of the structural elements of the soft landscaping i.e. mature specimen trees with a variety of monuments and grave stones, set within this landscape framework (Figure 3.65). Some of these monuments, which are strategically placed at the main junctions within the cemetery, are of notable quality and are listed structures, including the monument to Harry Ripley, designed by William Reid Dick, of a bronze draped figure on a granite plinth, and the stone screen monument to Sir Robert Harmsworth and family designed by Edwin Lutyens. These monuments serve as embodiments of the social, religious and artistic history of the period.
3.86 The layout of the cemetery and the structures survive largely intact and in good condition. The layout incorporates the entrance lodge, entrance gates, piers and railings, the gatehouses, the chapels and the crematorium as integral elements with principal designed views within the cemetery focussed on these buildings (Figure 3.66). The range of striking cemetery buildings enhances the visual interest of the cemetery and reflects the historic distinction in burial practices in the 19th century. The ragstone chapels designed by Barnet and Birch are of picturesque composition and incorporate more elaborate Gothic detailing in comparison to the simpler, brick and stone built crematorium designed by Edwin Cooper, which is a good example of an early 20th century crematorium and memorial cloister. This variation in architectural detailing contributes to the historic and aesthetic values of the buildings and cemetery as a whole.
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Figure 3.66: View of the Anglican chapel from the entrance gate
3.87 The designed landscape also remains legible, with the cedars, other mature trees and shrubs to the semi-circular area formed by the entrance drive, as well as the avenues of yews and other conifer trees along the paths. The design of the extension to the north west corner of the cemetery is retained, laid out on a square grid plan, with formal arrangements of graves set within garden areas. This late 19th century extension is of value in illustrating the historic development of the asset. The cemetery’s mature parkland character is emphasised by the boundary walls and mature specimen trees. The enclosing walls and the quiet nature of the open space give the cemetery a contemplative character distinct from the surrounding urban townscape. This rural quality and inward-looking character make a positive contribution to the significance of the heritage asset.
3.88 The nature of the cemetery’s use is such that it is likely to have a degree of communal value arising from the act of commemoration as well as those members of the public who utilise it for more general recreational purposes. This is an integral element of the aesthetic character of the space and a result of its distinction from the wider urban townscape.
Contribution made by Setting and the Site to Significance
3.89 East Finchley Cemetery is situated to the south west side of East End Road and is surrounded by the urban townscapes of East Finchley to the east, Finchley to the north west, and Golders Green to the south west. This townscape is varied in character and quality but consists predominantly of residential properties, with some schools, parks and leisure facilities. This varied 19th and 20th century townscape is the physical expression of the gradual process of growth and expansion of urban London, which had enclosed the cemetery by the mid-20th century. Whilst the 19th century elements are
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roughly contemporaneous with the cemetery, they have no direct relationship to its historic origins, formation and layout. It is, however, possible to consider these elements as part of London’s growth that underpinned the rationale of the 1852 Act. The later 20th century additions to the townscape do not have the same connection to the cemetery’s historic development and use and therefore are not considered to contribute to its special historic interest.
3.90 The registered park and garden is bounded by the gardens of the houses on Ludlow Way and Denison Close to the east, and the gardens of the houses along Hill Top to the south, which complement the special interest of the heritage asset as green elements of setting. To the west and north west, the cemetery is bordered by Brookland School and the busy North Circular Road. Although the North Circular is situated in close proximity to the asset, there is a sense of detachment between the park and the surrounding roads, created by the boundary treatment to the cemetery, the mature trees and planting, as well as the change in topography, with the road being situated on a lower level than the heritage asset. The park and garden is bounded on its north east side by East End Road, which provides the principal entrance into the cemetery. This entrance allows a connection with the surrounding context, particularly with the direct views of the Anglican chapel from East End Road (see Figure 3.66), however, the trees and boundary walls ensure that the intimate and contained nature of the cemetery is sustained.
3.91 The Site is located opposite the registered park and garden, to the opposite side of East End Road. It forms a small part of the surrounding townscape of the cemetery and shares a historic relationship with the asset, as part of the early to mid-19th century development of the area. Although separated by the main road, the villa is considered to make a positive contribution to the significance of the RPG and listed buildings within, by virtue of its shared historic development and as it forms part of the 19th century development of the area.
Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area
3.92 The following assessment of the significance of this designated heritage asset has been informed by the Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area Character Appraisal Statement, which was adopted by the Council in October 2010.45
Historical Development
3.93 Prior to the 14th century, the area now covered by Hampstead Garden Suburb had only scattered, nomadic development. By the 16th century however, the growing metropolis provided a ready market for hay and other agricultural produce, which stimulated forest clearance, creating arable land, pasture and woodland. There were small settlements on the roads at the boundaries of the Wyldes estate and scattered houses along East End Lane on the northern boundary of the current Suburb.
3.94 Following proposals to extend the deep underground railway to Golders Green, Dame Henrietta Barnett, along with her husband Canon Barnett, recognised the immediate threat to the farmland of the Wyldes estate from unrestricted housing development. Henrietta Barnett began to raise money and campaign for the preservation of 80 acres
45 London Borough of Barnet, Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area Character Appraisal Statement, 2010
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to form an extension of Hampstead Heath as public open space. Inspired by the ideas of Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City Movement, however, she soon broadened her scheme to include a new community void of class distinction, where an open, healthy environment was the priority. Raymond Unwin was appointed as architect and the Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust was established. Acquisition of the land was achieved between 1907 and 1911 and building commenced in 1907 on the 243 acres of the Wyldes estate purchased from Eton College, which forms the principle part of the ‘Old Suburb’.
3.95 The Suburb was built to a formal plan, with the character of the original woodland and agricultural land influencing the land usage and activities in the area. The trees and landscape played an important role in the design and philosophy of the Suburb. By 1914, the majority of the land to the south and west of Central Square was developed. Work then began on extending the Suburb into the 112 acres which led to Falloden Way, and into the 300 acres linking the Suburb to East Finchley Underground Station. Following the First World War however, the ability of the private sector to build cottage housing for moderate rentals was ended by a rise in construction costs and a shift in government housing finance to favour building by local authorities. From this point, the ‘New Suburb’ was built with detached and semi-detached houses.
3.96 The final extension to the Suburb came in 1930, which added Winnington Road and Ingram Avenue, laid out with large houses in extensive plots. Winnington Road was built over a long period, with houses erected from the 1930s to the 1970s. The Trust was the freeholder for the early development land and in 1958 bought the freeholds for the ‘New Suburb’. However, by this time the Trust was facing serious financial problems and a turbulent period in its history followed, when many out of character developments were made, which are still seen today. This situation was eventually stabilised in 1968 with the reconstitution of the Trust, who now exercise control over changes to the character and appearance of the Suburb. This was further strengthened by the designation of the Suburb as a conservation area in 1968.
Character and Appearance
3.97 Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area was first designated in 1968 and was subsequently extended to include Golders Green Crematorium. The conservation area is located in the south of the borough and the Suburb covers 1009 acres, which includes roughly 136 acres of open space.
3.98 The Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area Character Appraisal Statement overall describes the area as:
‘‘Hampstead Garden Suburb is internationally recognised as one of the finest examples of early twentieth century domestic architecture and town planning. It is unique among the Conservation Areas in Barnet in that the Suburb is protected both by the statutory powers which the London Borough of Barnet has, and by the Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust which has separate legal powers to ‘maintain and preserve the present character and amenities of Hampstead Garden Suburb’.
Hampstead Garden Suburb is predominantly a residential area with significant open spaces devoted to recreational or community use and two local shopping areas. The
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Suburb was developed between 1907 and 1938 on a greenfield site and built to a formal plan in which the character of the original woodland and agricultural land influenced the land usage and activities in the area. The highest point is roughly in the centre of the original site and here, Central Square was developed as the formal heart of the new community with churches, public buildings and landscaped open space making a coherent and dramatic architectural statement.’’
3.99 The conservation area is divided into twenty two discernible ‘character areas’, which include areas of housing development and areas of open space. The Site is located in close proximity to character areas: A – Marylebone Cemetery; and, 10 – Ossulton Way and Hill Top. For the purposes of this assessment, the significance of character area A – Marylebone Cemetery is considered to be contiguous with that of the park and garden of special historic interest. As such, only character area 10 – Ossulton Way, has been considered further in this section of the report.
3.100 Character area 10 – Ossulton Way, is located in the north of the Suburb and forms part of the northern boundary of the conservation area. Ossulton Way rises steeply from its southern end up to East End Road where it terminates at its northern end, with the closes and roads that lead off from it taking advantage of this south facing slope.
3.101 The Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area Character Appraisal Statement summarises the overall character of this sub-area stating that:
‘‘This is an area of quiet roads and closes leading off the spine of Ossulton Way, a busy north-south route through the Suburb. The overall character is green and pleasant with tree-lined streets, well-maintained hedges and a sense of space emphasised by the small greens in the closes and in set back areas on Ossulton Way and Hill Top. There are fine views from Hill Top and Ossulton Way towards St Jude’s spire. The trees of Marylebone Cemetery form a green background for all the houses on that north-west boundary.’’
3.102 The character area has a mix of housing types, including low density housing consisting of large semi-detached and detached houses with garages and generous gardens, and higher density flats and maisonettes. The area is one of the most diverse in the Suburb due to the large number of architects that contributed to the area. There are cohesive groups by different designers all along Ossulton Way, which share consistencies in scale and proportion. The earliest houses built between 1926 and 1930 are principally of Arts & Crafts style, while the later houses display Moderne and Streamline architecture. Towards the southern end of Ossulton Way houses are predominantly brick with traditional Arts & Crafts detailing, but further north comprise white rendered houses with metal windows displaying strong horizontal lines, and chevron decorated doors typical of Moderne architecture (Figure 3.67).
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Figure 3.67: Moderne style houses with metal windows and chevron decorated doors
3.103 The smaller closes and surrounding roads leading off Ossulton Way also each have a consistent architectural style. Hill Top, Hill Rise and Maurice Walk are primarily of red brick and tile with decorative brickwork, whereas Hutchings Walk has striking Moderne houses with pitched roofs. In Neale Close are a substantial group of cottages reminiscent of pre-World War I style cottages and in Denison Close, the flats are more modern, with horizontal paned casement windows (Figure 3.68)
3.104 The character area overall has a green, suburban character, provided by the street trees which soften the streetscape and the well-maintained hedges to the boundaries of most properties. The area has a number of small, attractive greens which complement the character of the area, including the well-planted central courtyard in Denison Close (Figure 3.68). In addition, a number of the pavements incorporate grass verges, whilst others include engineering brick (Figure 3.69). Overall, the architectural variety contributes to the distinctive character of the area, with the different styles forming cohesive groupings that sit comfortably together, and which are enhanced by the trees and spacious layout.
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Figure 3.68: Flats in Denison Close
Figure 3.69: Engineering brick to pavement
3.105 The diverse nature of the character area and the mix of housing types are illustrated in Figures 3.70-75.
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Figure 3.70: Houses on the west side of Figure 3.71: Houses on the east side of Ossulton Way Ossulton Way
Figure 3.72: Houses on the east side of Figure 3.73: Houses on Neale Close Ossulton Way, to the south of Neale Close
Figure 3.74: Houses on the north side of Figure 3.75: Houses on Holyoake Walk Denison Close
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3.106 Focal buildings important to significance within the conservation area are not defined by the Conservation Area Character Appraisal Statement but are considered to include:
• St. Judes Church on Central Square (outside of conservation area) (Grade I Listed)
• The Anglican Chapel within East Finchley Cemetery (Grade II Listed)
• The Non-Conformist Chapel within East Finchley Cemetery (Grade II Listed)
• The Crematorium and Chapel within East Finchley Cemetery (Grade II Listed)
3.107 Also with regard to key views / focal points important to Significance the Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area Character Appraisal Statement states that:
‘‘There are fine views from Hill Top and Ossulton Way towards St Jude’s spire. The trees of Marylebone Cemetery form a green background for all the houses on that north- west boundary.’’
‘‘Twittens create convenient pedestrian access routes between closes and offer views of the different architecture beyond.’’
3.108 The Conservation Area Character Appraisal Statement also identifies key focal points within the character area. These comprise:
• The houses that terminate the view along the southern portion of Neale Close;
• The crescent of houses that terminate the view along Holyoake Walk; and
• The small green on Ossulton Way.
Contribution made by Setting and the Site to Significance
3.109 The setting of the conservation area broadly comprises the surrounding urban townscapes of East Finchley to the north east, Church End to the north west, Golders Green to the south west and Highgate to the south east. These surrounding townscapes are largely varied in terms of their age and character and interspersed with later 20th century development. As such, the wider setting is considered to make a neutral contribution to the significance of the conservation area.
3.110 The Bishops Avenue forms the edge of the conservation area to the east. To the west the conservation area is bounded by Finchley Road, and East End Road and the busy North Circular Road border the north east and north west of the conservation area. Although these busy roads are largely inconsistent with the quieter residential streets and paths within the conservation area, they provide an understanding of the growth and expansion of this area within north London. Hampstead Heath borders the south east boundary of the conservation area. This open space provides an attractive green element of setting and has historic associations with conservation and the Suburb and therefore contributes positively to its significance.
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3.111 The Site is situated to the north of the conservation area, opposite to character area A – Marylebone Cemetery and to the north west of character area 10 – Ossulton Way. It forms part of the 19th development of the area, with later 20th century phases, however, is of a contrasting architectural style to the Arts & Crafts and Moderne residential properties within character area 10 and to the remainder of the conservation area, and is not considered to contribute to the particular significance of the cemetery, which is derived from its overall layout, parkland character and cemetery buildings and monuments. The Site is therefore not considered to contribute to the significance of the conservation area.
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4. Scheme Proposals and Assessment of Impact
Introduction
4.1 The affected designated heritage assets have been identified in Section 2, and their heritage significance described in a proportionate manner in Section 3 of this report.
4.2 The relevant heritage legislative, policy and guidance are set out in full in Appendix 5. This includes the statutory duties of the Planning (Listed Building and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, national policy set out in the NPPF 2012 and supported by the NPPG 2014, and local policy and guidance for Greater London and the London Borough of Barnet relating to development within the historic environment. Together these sections and appendices provide the appropriate context for the consideration of the pre- application proposals at the Site by the local planning authority.
The Proposals
4.3 The pre-application proposals comprises demolition of later accretions and some ranges of limited significance, the construction of replacement and additional massing and the reconfiguration, refurbishment and redecoration of the most significant ranges of the listed building. Please see the DAS prepared by TDO Architects which forms part of the submission documents.
Assessment of Potential Heritage Impacts
63 East End Road (Grade II listed) External Works
Demolition of Later Accretions 4.4 The main, front elevation of the principle listed building is currently visually overwhelmed by the multitude of later additions as one approaches the building from the main East End Road entrance. Its original prominence has been downgraded over time due to the piecemeal, multiple additions and alterations on-site over time. The proposals seek to increase the visual dominance of the principal elevations of the original listed building through the demolition of:
Range 7 dating from 1974-76 and considered to be of no heritage value;
Range 6 dating from between 1920-40 and considered to make a negligible contribution towards the significance of the listed building;
The western element of Range 5 which dates to the 1970s and is considered of no heritage value; and
The northern element of Range 3 dating to the 1970s and is of no heritage value.
N.B. Please cross reference with Table 3.1 at Page 49 for the relative significance of each extant range.
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4.5 Range 7, the northern element of Range 3 and the western element of Range 5 (see Figure 4.1) are considered to be low quality additions, of no architectural merit and considered not to contribute to the architectural or historical significance of the listed building. In fact these are late 20th century additions to the prevailing late 19th century and early 20th century convent additions and they therefore blur the legibility of historic from modern fabric. In this sense these additions are considered detrimental to the significance of the listed building and their loss is considered a heritage benefit. The current internal central wall (marked in purple on Figure 4.1) within Range 5 forms part of the convent buildings shown in Figure 3.9 and would be retained as part of the scheme proposals.
Figure 4.1: Plan showing the relative location and dates of the extant building ranges
4.6 Range 6 is considered to marginally contribute towards the historic interest of the listed building as it forms an early-mid 20th century convent addition. However, architecturally it makes a far lesser contribution and it encroaches visually on the original listed building. Further, internally it is devoid of any historic fabric and more significant elements from this part of the building’s history are to be retained and refurbished as part of these proposals (see later). Their limited contribution to the historic interest of the listed building is set against the detrimental impact caused due to the resultant downgraded visual dominance of the original listed building’s front elevation.
4.7 The first floor extension to Range 2 on the northern elevation is also proposed to be removed. This is an addition following the fire of 1972 and is suspended at ground floor
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level by metal piers. This addition is considered not to make a positive contribution to the significance of the listed building in its own right and in fact obscures part of the northern elevation of the second oldest range, namely Range 2. For these reasons its removal is considered a heritage benefit.
4.8 Overall the removal of these later additions will dramatically increase the visual prominence of the front elevation of the principal listed building (Range 1) which is considered a sizeable heritage benefit.
New Built Form 4.9 In place of those ranges proposed to be demolished replacement accommodation is proposed as part of the scheme proposals as well as additional massing.
4.10 New built form has the potential to affect the setting and significance of the listed building. Careful attention would be required so that any new massing does not detrimentally affect the setting and significance of the listed building. The potential impact of the scheme proposals will be discussed below.
New Build Footprint 4.11 The rear garden north of the main house would have historically formed part of the substantial formal garden associated with the original country house at No.63 East End Road. Later it became partly covered by the convent’s chapel, part by the main convent building as shown in Figure 3.9, partly formed the yard between the house and the chapel and lastly formed part of the convent gardens. Although now significantly reduced in size from the original villa gardens from the early 19th century, the garden space that remains makes a positive contribution to the listed building as a surviving element of its historic context. However, it should be borne in mind that the present open nature of the rear garden was not the character of the rear garden between the 1870s and the 1972 fire as the convent buildings expanded and were in the main covered with built form. Indeed therefore over the life of the listed building the rear gardens have been both open and enclosed for approximately an equal time period of approximately 100 years each. Therefore the present formal lawns to the rear are not the continued historic form of this land but can be seen as a 1970s reinstatement of part of the original garden as well as its modern use since 1972.
4.12 The proposals seek to reinstate a courtyard character to the north of the listed building surrounding the former, historic courtyard with an increase in the sense of the enclosure in this part of the Site. Overall, taking the proposed new building and retained building footprints together these approximately equate to the approximate maximum of on-site development footprint (see Figures 4.2 and 4.3). The buildings in the bottom left of Figure 4.2 were demolished between the mid 1970s and the 1990s.
4.13 The rear gardens today form aesthetically pleasing grounds but given the historically developed character of the northern, eastern and to a certain extent western, boundaries, the extent of proposed footprint is considered to sit comfortably in the overall historical context of the Site.
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Figure 4.2: 1952-55 OS map with approximate Site boundary marked in red.
Figure 4.3: Mid-20th century plan drawing of the convent with the approximate Site boundary marked in red and the principal listed building marked in blue.46
Design Approach Measures 4.14 In acknowledgement of the Site’s sensitive heritage location with the on-site listed building, surrounding listed buildings, conservation area etc. the scheme has been through an extensive scheme evolution stage with heritage consultancy provided by
46 Archive of the Good Shepherd Sisters
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Turley Heritage. To minimise the potential impact of the scheme on the listed building the following design measures have been undertaken:
The formal lawns to the south (front) of the listed building have been retained as these form part of the original, historic setting of the listed building and form the only remnant of the original landscaping scheme;
The restrained Classical Revival style of the principal building has been acknowledged in the scheme designs. The design for the new built form is informed by the classical revival style of its surrounding, deriving its horizontal and vertical symmetry from the host building. At the same time it does not seek to create a pastiche, rather it is consciously contemporary (see Figure 4.4);
Figure 4.4: Proposed new building to western side of principal listed building
The scheme has picked up on the vernacular use of buff London stock brick on the original listed building and later additions. A buff brick has been proposed for the new massing showing its derivations from the surrounding buildings. Thin dimensioned bricks have been selected to further allow the distinction between the historic and modern fabric to aid future legibility. The additions therefore are informed by their historic context but do not form pastiche facsimiles and would visually complement the existing buildings;
The scale of the buildings has been set so that the highest element of the new build first floor remains lower than the parapet wall of Range 1. Any impact has been minimised by the design of a parapet wall at second floor level to partial shield views of these floor and by stepping back this floor from the eastern elevation so it becomes more visually recessive. The new additions would therefore remain subordinate and subservient to the listed building. To achieve this flat roofs are proposed, set behind parapet walls to the upper floor. It is worth noting that the proposed buildings would be more subservient than the former convent and chapel to the north and west of the listed building and largely destroyed by fire in 1972 (see Figure 4.5);
The new massing to the western side has also been set back to increase the gap between the western elevation of the revised Range 5 and the nearest new buildings to the west. This is considered a heritage benefit; and
All car parking has been earmarked to be located in the south-western corner of the Site. The rationale here is to prevent car parking in front of the main elevation
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of the principal listed building, and therefore further enhance the prominence of the main elevation.
Figure 4.5: The convent and convent gardens in 192047
New Glazed Extensions to Range 3 4.15 Figure 4.3 shows that central and southern part of Range 3 was previously partly abutted partly to its eastern side until the 1972 fire. The existing eastern elevation is rendered, likely due to the rebuilding necessary after the abutting building was dismantled due to fire damage.
4.16 The proposals seek to create two new openings in this wall to allow for doorways into the proposed glazed addition between the eastern elevation and the eastern Site boundary wall. The eastern elevation is not considered to make a positive contribution to the significance of the listed building. The boundary wall to the north-eastern side is not original and was likely formed by reclaimed bricks post the 1972 fire. Again, this element is considered not to make a positive contribution to the listed building’s significance.
4.17 Any potential impact has been minimised by the proposed single pitched roofline of the extension being abutted with the existing elevation using toothed in lead flashings. There would be no chasing into the existing brickwork. The new addition would be clearly contemporary through the use of glazed roofs and any new walls required allowing for legibility between the historic and modern fabric. The proposals also allow this part of Range 3 to remain as a corridor as part of its original use. This makes this part of the proposals reversible, sympathetic and minimally invasive.
47 Archive of the Good Shepherd Sisters
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Figure 4.6: Eastern elevation of Range 3.
Figure 4.7: Western elevation of Range 3
4.18 Similarly on the western side of this part of Range 3, a mono pitched glazed extension is proposed using the same rationale throughout. New doorways are proposed in the western elevation to allow circulation into the new glazed extensions. This would involve retaining the window heads marked in red in Figure 4.7 and then dropping the cill level
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to ground level to create a doorway. This would involve the loss of a modest amount of historic fabric.
Enhancement Measures 4.19 The scheme includes a number of external enhancement measures with a view to minimise any potential impact and enhancing the significance of the listed building. These include:
Reintroducing traditional like-for-like replacements of doors and windows to the eastern elevation of Ranges 2, 3 and 4 (see Figure 4.6);
Relocation of the satellite dish on the eastern elevation of Range 5 to an invisible location;
Relocation of the aerial on the main roof of the principal listed building to a less visible location;
Relaying of the historic tiled floor to covered walkway and conservation and repair of historic arch lintel adjoining the East End Road boundary (see Figures 4.9 and 4.10);
Painting and repair of the ecclesiastical iron cross above street entrance to covered walkway along with repair and redecoration of street fronting door (see Figures 4.11 and 4.12);
Figure 4.8: Rear elevation of the principal listed building
Rationalise waste pipes and rainwater goods on the rear elevation of the main building. At present there are a multitude of modern downpipes organised in a sporadic unsightly manner using poor quality plastic replacements. The number of these downpipes would be reduced, rationalised, retaining the vertical drop line of the central left downpipe (indicated in red at Figure 4.8).
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Reinstate original glazing bars and glass to sashes on the rear elevation of the main building where missing. At present some have been replaced by vents or access hatches.
Figure 4.9: Showing disrepair of covered Figure 4.10: Showing Lintel of walkway tiled floor. covered walkway arch in disrepair.
Figure 4.11 Showing the East End Road Figure 4.12: Showing the Convent entrance door to the covered walkway. Cross above the East End Road entrance door to the covered walkway. External Works - Overall Assessment of Impact 4.20 We have assessed that the new building footprint on-site has the potential to affect the significance of the listed building adversely through some modest fabric loss and additional built development in the setting of the villa. However. Through a well- considered design approach that responds to the history and context of the Site, plus proposed enhancement measures, we consider that the external proposals taken overall are likely to marginally enhance the significance of the listed building.
Internal Works
4.21 Internally Ranges 1 and 2 retain the majority of its original and historic room configuration with Ranges 3-5 with limited historic fabric remaining. Figure 3,54 and 3.55 show the relative significance of the internal walls, doors and windows within the extant ranges.
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4.22 The proposals seek to remove a small number of later partition walls introduced by the covenant most likely in the early 20th century across Ranges 1 and 2. The walls earmarked to be removed are not of sufficient quality to contribute towards the architectural significance of the listed building. They are of an institutional nature and are not readily intelligible by the typical viewer as part of the convent history. They are not considered therefore to make a positive contribution to the historic significance of the listed building.
4.23 This part of the proposals is to increase the open plan dimensions of these spaces which would reinstate the original room configuration of the 1820s building. Overall, removal of these walls is considered to be a heritage benefit.
4.24 The proposals include the loss of a small area of original wall to the ground floor new reception. This is to create a more apparent reception area for the proposed new office use.
4.25 Adversely the proposals also include the reinstatement of the central and southern sections of Range 3 into a double height corridor. These areas likely originally formed a double height corridor serving the convent buildings (see Figures 3.44 and 3.45). Whilst the existing internal floors and stairs of this range are perhaps early 20th century the prior double height nature of the corridor is considered more important to the historic significance derived from the convent’s previous tenure. This reinstatement is considered a heritage benefit. There is an historic tiled floor throughout this range and these would be exposed (currently covered by carpet) and refurbished as part of the proposals which is also considered a heritage benefit.
4.26 The proposals include a number of enhancement measures:
Previously the covered walkway ran from East End Road through Ranges 2-4. However, today the ability to appreciate this is severely restricted. The proposals include a number of enhancement measures in this regard:
o The historic internal passageway moulded heads within Ranges 2-4 would be retained or exposed where currently concealed or partially infilled (see Figures 3.42 and 3.49);
o Traditional timber doors matching the arched doorway lintels would be fitted in these historic doorways where doors are proposed;
o The original external doorway opening at the southern extreme of Range 4, where this abuts the covered walkway, would be reopened;
o Where historic tiled floors exist throughout this historic walkway route, these would be exposed and refurbished as part of the proposals; and
o These items would improve the ability of the typical visitor to the building to appreciate the former convent history of the building. This combined with the refurbished street facing doors from the covered walkway, repaired covered walkway etc. (see Figure 4.13) will enhance the historic significance of the listed building.
71
Historic architraves, skirtings and doors throughout Ranges 1-5 (where retained) to be retained and where missing, traditional like-for-like replacements to be fitted to match original.
The stained glass window in Range 5 would be relocated. This window is not from the earliest phase of the convent history and likely dates to the early 20th century. It is not original to Range 5 as the original window configuration can be shown by an original example adjoining to the south. A suitable relocation position will be discussed at the pre-application meeting. It could be relocated to the colonnade or within the enhanced convent passage through Ranges 2-4.
Figure 4.13: Plan showing the former walkway route through the previous convent buildings and covered walkway (marked in green)
Internal Works - Overall Assessment of Impact 4.27 Overall, the internal works are minimally invasive and include a number of enhancement measures that are considered to offset the removal of small element of historic walling for the new office reception and to the western elevation of Range 3. Overall the internal proposals are considered to enhance the significance of the listed building.
Overall Assessment of Impact on Significance
4.28 Both the external and internal works have been assessed as likely to enhance the significance of the listed building and also the contribution of its setting on-site. The proposals would therefore preserve the special interest of the listed building in accordance with the principles set out in the statutory duties of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 and accordingly national and local policy.
72
Group Assessment: East Finchley Cemetery (Grade II* Registered Park and Garden), listed buildings within the cemetery and the Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area
Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area
4.29 As discussed in Section 3 the Site does not lie within the conservation area but adjacent to the its northern boundary. Any potential impact of the proposals would only be hypothetically by way of setting.
4.30 We have discussed in this section the measures taken to ensure that the proposed new built form is subservient and subordinate to the listed building. These have the effect of producing a relatively low lying building. Given the lofty height of the boundary wall along the Site’s southern boundary and the very mature treeline along the Site’s southern boundary it is considered that these would shield the majority of views of the extant historic building and new built form from views from East End Road in the direction of the conservation area. In addition the northern boundary of the Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area on the opposing side of East End Road from the Site also includes sizeable mature trees.
4.31 Furthermore the Site would not affect key views into or out of the conservation area. The Site has been assessed in Section 3 as not contributing towards the significance of the conservation area by way of setting. The proposals are considered to be well informed by their context, using sympathetic materials that will blend well with the surrounding conservation area, whilst being relatively unobtrusive. The proposals therefore are considered to have a neutral impact on the setting of the conservation area and would preserve the character and appearance of the conservation area.
East Finchley Cemetery (Grade II* Registered Park and Garden) and listed buildings within the cemetery
4.32 The new built form to the north of the Site and eastern side would be invisible from the East Finchley Cemetery (Grade II* Registered Park and Garden) and listed buildings within the cemetery. The new massing to the western side of the principal listed building in the same vein as with the conservation area discussed above, with form a relatively recessive additional visually.
4.33 The proposals are considered to be well informed by their context, using sympathetic materials and would sit comfortably alongside No. 63 East End Road. The proposals have been assessed as overall likely to enhance the significance of No. 63 which is considered to contribute to the significance of the cemetery and listed buildings within by way of setting. There is no contextual link between the villa and Site with the cemetery and listed buildings within.
4.34 Overall, therefore the proposals are considered to have a neutral impact on the setting and significance of the registered park and garden as well as the listed buildings within. The proposals would therefore preserve the special interest of the listed buildings in accordance with the principles set out in the statutory duties of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990.
73
74
5. Summary and Conclusions
5.1 The designated heritage assets of the listed buildings and conservation area which may be affected by the proposals have been identified, and their significance described as part of this report (Section 3). Section 4 of this pre-application heritage assessment then undertakes a detailed review the pre-application proposals, and evaluates the impact of scheme on the significance of the listed building and other heritage assets identified in Section 2.
5.2 In relation to 63 East End Road (Grade II listed) we assess that the new building footprint on-site has the potential to affect the significance of the listed building adversely through some modest fabric loss and additional built development in the setting of the villa. However. Through a well-considered design approach that responds to the history and context of the Site, plus proposed enhancement measures, we consider that the external proposals taken overall are likely to marginally enhance the significance of the listed building.
5.3 Overall, the internal works are minimally invasive and include a number of enhancement measures that are considered to offset the removal of small element of historic walling for the new office reception and to the western elevation of Range 3. Overall the internal proposals are considered to enhance the significance of the listed building.
5.4 The Site has been assessed in Section 3 as not contributing towards the significance of the conservation area by way of setting. The proposals are considered to be well informed by their context, using sympathetic materials that will blend well with the surrounding conservation area, whilst being relatively unobtrusive. The proposals therefore are considered to have a neutral impact on the setting of the conservation area and would preserve the character and appearance of the conservation area.
5.5 Overall, the proposals are considered to have a neutral impact on the setting and significance of the East Finchley Cemetery (Grade II* Registered Park and Garden) as well as the listed buildings within the cemetery.
5.6 This report concludes that overall, the pre-application proposals will preserve the special interest of the listed building, neighbouring listed buildings, and also the surrounding conservation area. This is in accordance with the principles set out in the statutory duties of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, national policy set out in the NPPF 2012 (paragraphs 128, 131, 132, 134 and 137) and supported by NPPG 2014, and other relevant local policy and guidance (including FALP 2015 policy 7.8; London Borough of Barnet Core Strategy (2012) Policy CS5 and the London Borough of Barnet Development Management Policies (2012) Policy DM06.
75
Appendix 1: Historic England List Entries
76
VILLA AT THE CONVENT OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD
List Entry Summary
This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.
Name: VILLA AT THE CONVENT OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD
List entry Number: 1078841
Location
VILLA AT THE CONVENT OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD, EAST END ROAD N2
The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
County: Greater London Authority
District: Barnet
District Type: London Borough
Parish:
National Park: Not applicable to this List entry.
Grade: II
Date first listed: 14-Feb-1975
Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.
Asset Groupings
This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.
List entry Description
Summary of Building
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
Reasons for Designation
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
History
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
77
Details
1. 5004 EAST END ROAD (north side) Finchley N2 Villa at the Convent of the Good Shepherd [Formerly listed as Early C19 Villa at the Convent of the Good Shepherd (No 61)] TQ 2689 23/1 14.2.75
II
2. Early C19 Villa incorporated into later convent buildings. Two storeys five bays, yellow brick; central stuccoed doric porch with fluted columns; stucco band under first floor windows; a stucco moulded cornice and parapet; sash windows gauged yellow brick flat arches.
Listing NGR: TQ2603689862
Selected Sources Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details
National Grid Reference: TQ 26036 89862
Map
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78
GATE LODGE, ENTRANCE GATES, PIERS AND RAILINGS TO EAST FINCHLEY CEMETERY
List Entry Summary
This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.
Name: GATE LODGE, ENTRANCE GATES, PIERS AND RAILINGS TO EAST FINCHLEY CEMETERY
List entry Number: 1064768
Location
GATE LODGE, ENTRANCE GATES, PIERS AND RAILINGS TO EAST FINCHLEY CEMETERY, EAST END ROAD
The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
County: Greater London Authority
District: Barnet
District Type: London Borough
Parish:
National Park: Not applicable to this List entry.
Grade: II
Date first listed: 02-Aug-1993
Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.
Asset Groupings
This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.
List entry Description
Summary of Building
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
Reasons for Designation
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
History
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
79
Details
The following building shall be added:
TQ 2589 EAST END ROAD. 31-/23/10010 Gate lodge, entrance gates, piers and railings to East Finchley Cemetery
GV II
Gate lodge, gates, and railings to cemetery. 1854, to designs by Barnet and Birch. Kentish ragstone facing with stone dressings. Roofs of slate. 2 storeys. L-plan with one triple lancet to East End Road, one oriel to crosswing on return, and scattered fenestration to entrance range. Gothic Revival style. Entrance set in porch, boarded over at the time of writing, at join of wings; two-light window above lighting stair hall; moulded stack to return of crosswing, right return of entrance range and gable end of crosswing. Features of note include: triple lancet light to ground floor of crosswing with oriel above supported by moulded corbels. To left a gateway with pedestrian gap and broader carriageway; stepped coping and parapet. A low parapet wall extends from this to the south east terminating at east end of site in a pair of gatepiers framing a carriageway; that to left with pedestrian gap. Piers treated as setback buttresses. Metal gates to all openings. Stone piers and metal railings extend from low parapet wall attached to the north west corner of the lodge for a total of fourteen bays (railings to third bay interrupted), turning corner to the A406. Part of a group of mid-C19 buildings which includes the Nonconformist and Anglican chapels, East End Road (g.v.). Derelict at the time of inspection (June 1993).
Listing NGR: TQ2601489791
Selected Sources Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details
National Grid Reference: TQ 26014 89791
80
Map
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81
ANGLICAN CHAPEL, EAST FINCHLEY CEMETERY
List Entry Summary
This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.
Name: ANGLICAN CHAPEL, EAST FINCHLEY CEMETERY
List entry Number: 1064767
Location
ANGLICAN CHAPEL, EAST FINCHLEY CEMETERY, EAST END ROAD
The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
County: Greater London Authority
District: Barnet
District Type: London Borough
Parish:
National Park: Not applicable to this List entry.
Grade: II
Date first listed: 02-Aug-1993
Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.
Asset Groupings
This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.
List entry Description
Summary of Building
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
Reasons for Designation
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
History
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
82
Details
This list entry was subject to a Minor Amendment on 06/01/2016
TQ 2589 31-/23/10008
EAST END ROAD, Anglican Chapel, East Finchley Cemetery
II
Anglican funerary chapel. 1854, to designs of Barnett and Birch. Kentish ragstone facing, plinth of brick, stone dressings. Roofs of slate. Cruciform in plan, with shallow rectangular apse of one bay, crossing, north and south transepts of one bay each, and two bay nave; exterior entrance porch of one, rib-vaulted bay; narthex at west end of nave formed from wood panel screen. Clasping and angle buttresses used throughout. East elevation has a blocked recess indicating position of altar (see below) and a tracery rose window. North and South transept elevations have one three-light, tracery window each, sill band and boldly scaled angle buttresses. West elevation, seen from main entrance, most diamatic: subordered entrance porch with three-light tracery window above, the pair framed by clasping buttresses. Bell cote above of base, middle bell stage strengthened by flying buttresses and crocheted spire. To either return a single storey wing with lean-to roof, functioning as serving room/vestry and approximating position of nave aisle.
Interior: moulded chancel arch; wood panelled reredos and altar; chandelier in Gothic Revival style suspended from boss of crossing; timber roof supported by carved corbels, some historiated; roof composed of arched principals to tie and king post with Gothic cusping; crossing spanned by cusped, straight principals; double chamfered purlins to each principal; deep window-splays; leaded lights with stained glass borders of original design; planked and timber framed west double door; ornamental strap hinges. Part of a group of mid C19 buildings which includes the Nonconformist Chapel, Gatelodge, entrance and attached railings, East End Road (q.v.).
Listing NGR: TQ2603089721
Selected Sources Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details
National Grid Reference: TQ 26030 89721
83
Map
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84
MONUMENT TO THOMAS TATE, ST MARYLEBONE CEMETARY
List Entry Summary
This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.
Name: MONUMENT TO THOMAS TATE, ST MARYLEBONE CEMETARY
List entry Number: 1064758
Location
MONUMENT TO THOMAS TATE, ST MARYLEBONE CEMETARY, EAST END ROAD N2
The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
County: Greater London Authority
District: Barnet
District Type: London Borough
Parish:
National Park: Not applicable to this List entry.
Grade: II
Date first listed: 26-Sep-1989
Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.
Asset Groupings
This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.
List entry Description
Summary of Building
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
Reasons for Designation
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
History
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
85
Details
TQ 2589 EAST END ROAD, N2 (south side) 22/4 Monument to Thomas Tate St Marylebone Cemetary
II GV
Memorial. c.1909, by F Lynn Jenkins. Bronze. Renaissance style. Draped Roman figure leaning on couch set on fine sarcophagus. (High Meller, London Cemetaries, 1985, pp 254-5).
Listing NGR: TQ2593689724
Selected Sources
Books and journals
Meller, H, London Cemeteries, (1985), 254-5
Other Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England, Part 17 Greater London
National Grid Reference: TQ 25936 89724
Map
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86
MONUMENT TO HARRY RIPLEY
List Entry Summary
This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.
Name: MONUMENT TO HARRY RIPLEY
List entry Number: 1359116
Location
MONUMENT TO HARRY RIPLEY, EAST END ROAD N2
The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
County: Greater London Authority
District: Barnet
District Type: London Borough
Parish:
National Park: Not applicable to this List entry.
Grade: II
Date first listed: 26-Sep-1989
Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.
Asset Groupings
This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.
List entry Description
Summary of Building
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
Reasons for Designation
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
History
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
87
Details
TQ 2589 EAST END ROAD, N2 (south side) 22/5 Monument to Harry Ripley
II GV
Memorial. c.1914 by William Reid Dick. Bronze figure of draped female mourner, with head leaning forwards on raised sinister arm, set on rough granite plinth. Commemorates Harry Ripley, d.1914. Probably the figure 'silence' exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1914. Hugh Mellor, London Cemeteries, 1985, p.254.
Listing NGR: TQ2592789712
Selected Sources
Books and journals
Meller, H, London Cemeteries, (1985), 254
Other
Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England, Part 17 Greater London
National Grid Reference: TQ 25927 89712
Map
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88
MONUMENT TO SIR HENRY BISHOP, CENTRAL AVENUE, PLOT E7
List Entry Summary
This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.
Name: MONUMENT TO SIR HENRY BISHOP, CENTRAL AVENUE, PLOT E7
List entry Number: 1263693
Location
MONUMENT TO SIR HENRY BISHOP, CENTRAL AVENUE, PLOT E7, EAST END ROAD
The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
County: Greater London Authority
District: Barnet
District Type: London Borough
Parish:
National Park: Not applicable to this List entry.
Grade: II
Date first listed: 06-Dec-1993
Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.
Asset Groupings
This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.
List entry Description
Summary of Building
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
Reasons for Designation
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
History
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
89
Details
The following item shall be added:
TQ 2589 EAST END ROAD
31-/22/10015 Monument to Sir Henry Bishop, Central Avenue, Plot E7
GV II
Monument to Sir Henry Bishop (1786-1855). Polished pink granite with bronze portrait medallion. Stone base and four diminutive obelisks, surmounted by moulded and battered monument. Bishop was a professor of music at Oxford and a prolific composer of now- forgotten operas.
Listing NGR: TQ2598489588
Selected Sources Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details
National Grid Reference: TQ 25984 89588
Map
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90
GLENESK MAUSOLEUM, ST MARYLEBONE CEMETERY
List Entry Summary
This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.
Name: GLENESK MAUSOLEUM, ST MARYLEBONE CEMETERY
List entry Number: 1064757
Location
GLENESK MAUSOLEUM, ST MARYLEBONE CEMETERY, EAST END ROAD N2
The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
County: Greater London Authority
District: Barnet
District Type: London Borough
Parish:
National Park: Not applicable to this List entry.
Grade: II
Date first listed: 26-Sep-1989
Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.
Asset Groupings
This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.
List entry Description
Summary of Building
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
Reasons for Designation
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
History
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
91
Details
TQ 2589 22/6. EAST END ROAD (south side), N2 Glenesk Mausoleum St Marylebone Cemetery. II GV
Mausoleum. 1899 by Arthur Blomfield for Lord Glenesk. Limestone ashlar gable stone; slate roof. Rectangular plan. Middle pointed style. Corner buttresses. 3-bay east and west elevations have 2-light Decorated-style window set in gabled slightly-projecting central bay flanked by lancets. North gable has carved panel of Christ flanked by angels and soldiers over inscription and 3-light window of graduated lancets above pointed-arched doorway with foliate spandrels, set within double-chamfered pointed arch; kneeling figures to finials of buttresses. South gable has rose window with dogtooth carving, 3-light window of graduated lancets and kneeling figures to finials of buttresses. Interior: mosaic tile floor; engaged shafts with moulded capitals to springers of fine 3-bay vaulted roof with foliate-carved bosses. South end has marble wall shafts with foliate capitals to rerearch of rose window and fine stiff-leaf carved frieze over fine inlaid tile reredos and altar. 3 fine Roman-style sarcophagi to Lord Glenesk (d.1908), son Oliver (d.1905) and wife (d.1898). Fine stained glass.
Listing NGR: TQ2596989570
Selected Sources
Other Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England, Part 17 Greater London
National Grid Reference: TQ 25969 89570
Map
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92
MONUMENT TO THOMAS SKARATT HALL, WEST AVENUE, PLOT H7
List Entry Summary
This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.
Name: MONUMENT TO THOMAS SKARATT HALL, WEST AVENUE, PLOT H7
List entry Number: 1249532
Location
MONUMENT TO THOMAS SKARATT HALL, WEST AVENUE, PLOT H7, EAST END ROAD
The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
County: Greater London Authority
District: Barnet
District Type: London Borough
Parish:
National Park: Not applicable to this List entry.
Grade: II
Date first listed: 06-Dec-1993
Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.
Asset Groupings
This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.
List entry Description
Summary of Building
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
Reasons for Designation
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
History
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
93
Details
The following item shall be added:
TQ 2589 EAST END ROAD
31-/22/10018 Monument to Thomas Skarratt Hall, West Avenue, Plot H7
II
Monument to Thomas Skarratt Hall (ob. 1903). Polished pink granite on a stone plinth. Vast sarcophagus based on the oft-copied sarcophagus of Cornelius Lucius Scipio Barbatus. Doric frieze to prismatic lid, with volutes at the corners. Lettering in a stylised version of late Antique Roman script.
Listing NGR: TQ2590889624
Selected Sources Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details
National Grid Reference: TQ 25908 89624
Map
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94
MONUMENT TO SIR ROBERT HARMSWORTH, WEST AVENUE, PLOT G8
List Entry Summary
This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.
Name: MONUMENT TO SIR ROBERT HARMSWORTH, WEST AVENUE, PLOT G8
List entry Number: 1249517
Location
MONUMENT TO SIR ROBERT HARMSWORTH, WEST AVENUE, PLOT G8, EAST END ROAD
The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
County: Greater London Authority
District: Barnet
District Type: London Borough
Parish:
National Park: Not applicable to this List entry.
Grade: II
Date first listed: 06-Dec-1993
Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.
Asset Groupings
This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.
List entry Description
Summary of Building
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
Reasons for Designation
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
History
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
95
Details
The following item shall be added:
TQ 2589 EAST END ROAD
31-/22/10017 Monument to Sir Robert Harmsworth, West Avenue, Plot G8
II
Monument to Sir Robert Harmsworth, Bart., MP (ob. 1937) and his relations. Designed by Edwin Lutyens (signed on the back). Stone screen with pilasters and polished stone insets. Harmsworth was the brother of Viscounts Northcliffe and Rothermere.
Listing NGR: TQ2591189596
Selected Sources Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details
National Grid Reference: TQ 25911 89596
Map
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96
NON CONFORMIST CHAPEL, EAST FINCHLEY CEMETERY
List Entry Summary
This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.
Name: NON CONFORMIST CHAPEL, EAST FINCHLEY CEMETERY
List entry Number: 1359117
Location
NON CONFORMIST CHAPEL, EAST FINCHLEY CEMETERY, EAST END ROAD
The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
County: Greater London Authority
District: Barnet
District Type: London Borough
Parish:
National Park: Not applicable to this List entry.
Grade: II
Date first listed: 02-Aug-1993
Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.
Asset Groupings
This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.
List entry Description
Summary of Building
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
Reasons for Designation
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
History
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
97
Details
The following building shall be added:
TQ 2589 EAST END ROAD. 31-/23/10009 Non-Conformist Chapel, East Finchley Cemetery. II
Nonconformist funerary chapel. 1854, to designs of Barnet and Brick. Kentish ragstone facing plinth of brick; stone dressings. Roof of slate, gable facing. Rectangular in plan; three bays. Gothic Revival. Traceried roundel in ritual east end; centre and east most bay with broad, two- light tracery windows; west most bay with narrower light to each return and polygonal stair projections which lead to substructure; angle and clasping buttresses of two setbacks each. West front most prominent with subordered entrance and planked double doors having metal strap hinges; three-light window - with intersecting tracery and ogival hood above; gable copings, kneelers and crosses. Interior: roof carried by arched principals with a pair of through purlins to each slope; chamfered ridge piece; head of principals pierced by Gothic tracery; along ritual east wall wood panelling and reading desk on own podium. Part of a group of mid c19 buildings which includes the Anglican chapel, Gate lodge, Entrance and railings, East End Road (q.v.).
Listing NGR: TQ2587789604
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National Grid Reference: TQ 25877 89604
Map
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98
MONUMENT TO SIR PETER NICOL RUSSELL ENGINEER IN ST MARYLEBONE CEMETERY
List Entry Summary
This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.
Name: MONUMENT TO SIR PETER NICOL RUSSELL ENGINEER IN ST MARYLEBONE CEMETERY
List entry Number: 1188637
Location
MONUMENT TO SIR PETER NICOL RUSSELL ENGINEER IN ST MARYLEBONE CEMETERY, EAST END ROAD N2
The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
County: Greater London Authority
District: Barnet
District Type: London Borough
Parish:
National Park: Not applicable to this List entry.
Grade: II
Date first listed: 07-Apr-1983
Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.
Asset Groupings
This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.
List entry Description
Summary of Building
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
Reasons for Designation
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
History
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Details
1. 5004 EAST END ROAD (south side) Finchley N2
Monument to Sir Peter Nicol Russell Engineer in St Marylebone Cemetery TQ 2589 22/2
II
2. Early C20. Bronze bust on pink marble column and base. Over life-size figure of worker surmounted by a winged angel. Sir Peter Russell lived 1816-1905.
Listing NGR: TQ2580289778
Selected Sources
Other Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England, Part 17 Greater London
National Grid Reference: TQ 25802 89778
Map
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100
CREMATORIUM AND CHAPEL, ST MARYLEBONE CEMETARY
List Entry Summary
This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.
Name: CREMATORIUM AND CHAPEL, ST MARYLEBONE CEMETARY
List entry Number: 1359115
Location
CREMATORIUM AND CHAPEL, ST MARYLEBONE CEMETARY, EAST END ROAD N2
The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
County: Greater London Authority
District: Barnet
District Type: London Borough
Parish:
National Park: Not applicable to this List entry.
Grade: II
Date first listed: 26-Sep-1989
Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.
Asset Groupings
This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.
List entry Description
Summary of Building
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
Reasons for Designation
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
History
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
101
Details
The following building shall be added:
TQ 2589 EAST END ROAD, N2 (east side) 22/3 Crematorium and Chapel St Marylebone Cemetary II GV
Crematorium and chapel, 1937, by Edwin Cooper for Borough of St Marylebone. English band red brick with tile and limestone dressings and stone coursing beneath eaves; hipped pantile roof. Plan of chapel surrounded by offices, to north of cloisters, surrounding quadrangle. Italianate style. Chapel has stepped stone architraves to semi-circular arched windows of 3-bay east and west windows and round north window; chapel is surrounded by lean-to roofs over low offices and north entrance loggia, having square-headed classical stone architraves to doorways and tile surrounds to square-headed windows to east and west and loggia with tile and brick piers and semi-circular arched entry; stone semi-circular arch with tile tympanum over panelled double doors set in square-headed classical stone architraves, flanked by urns set in stone bowls. Chimney is set within 4-stage south-east tower with neo-classical urns to stone parapet surmounted by octagonal upper stage with iron grilles to openings and stone coursing to top. Coilsters surrounding Garden of Rest to rear have stone bowls set in walls, and stone steps to square-headed west doorway flanked by 3-bay open screens with Doric columns; inner quadrangle has Doric columns to cloister walks, which have hipped porches with semi-circular arched doorways to centre of each elevation. Interior: in red brick, with pedimented and square- headed classical doorways. 3 domes to ceiling of chapel, which has shields bearing arms of St Marylebone to walls; marble catafalque with ornamental bronze doors; inverted torch over doorway to Garden of Rest. One of Edwin Cooper's last commissions; his ashes lie here. (The Builder, 14.1.1938, pp 61-6).
Listing NGR: TQ2580689729
Selected Sources
Books and journals
'The Builder' in 14 January, (1938), 61-6
Other
Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England, Part 17 Greater London
National Grid Reference: TQ 25806 89729
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Map
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103
GATE AND GATEHOUSES TO CREMATORIUM AND ATTACHED RAILINGS, EAST FINCHLEY CEMETERY
List Entry Summary
This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.
Name: GATE AND GATEHOUSES TO CREMATORIUM AND ATTACHED RAILINGS, EAST FINCHLEY CEMETERY
List entry Number: 1359118
Location
GATE AND GATEHOUSES TO CREMATORIUM AND ATTACHED RAILINGS, EAST FINCHLEY CEMETERY, EAST END ROAD
The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
County: Greater London Authority
District: Barnet
District Type: London Borough
Parish:
National Park: Not applicable to this List entry.
Grade: II
Date first listed: 02-Aug-1993
Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.
Asset Groupings
This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.
List entry Description
Summary of Building
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
Reasons for Designation
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
History
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
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Details
The following building shall be added:
TQ 2589 EAST END ROAD 31-/23/10011 Gate and gatehouses to crematorium, and attached railings, East Finchley Cemetery
GV II
Gate and gatehouses to crematorium and chapel. 1937, to designs by Edwin Cooper. Brick in English bond with artificial stone dressings and copings; roofs of tile with tile furnishings. Gates of metal. Curving walls to circular gate pier; gates with inscription "St Marylebone Crematorium". At far end of each wall, a single-storey octagonal structure, that to west enclosed, that to right open and forming a tempietto. Included for their group value with Sir Edwin Cooper's crematorium and chapel to the south (q.v.).
Listing NGR: TQ2581089869
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National Grid Reference: TQ 25810 89869
Map
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105
Appendix 2: Registered Historic Park and Gardens Entry
106
EAST FINCHLEY CEMETERY (FORMERLY ST MARYLEBONE CEMETERY)
List Entry Summary
This garden or other land is registered under the Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act 1953 within the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens by English Heritage for its special historic interest.
Name: EAST FINCHLEY CEMETERY (FORMERLY ST MARYLEBONE CEMETERY)
List entry Number: 1000835
Location
The garden or other land may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
County: Greater London Authority
District: Barnet
District Type: London Borough
Parish:
National Park: Not applicable to this List entry.
Grade: II*
Date first registered: 01-Oct-1987
Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.
Legacy System Information
The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.
Legacy System: Parks and Gardens
UID: 1830
Asset Groupings
This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.
List entry Description
Summary of Garden
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
Reasons for Designation
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
107
History
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
Details
Mid C19 public cemetery laid out by Barnett and Birch, planted by James Wright, with late C19 extension.
HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT
The Burial Board of the parish of St Marylebone purchased 25 acres (c 10ha) of land and founded the cemetery in 1854. The ground on which the cemetery was to be laid out was rural land, part of Newmarket Farm. A competition in January 1854 to design the buildings and layout of the cemetery was won by the architects Barnett and Birch Ltd. With a budget of £15,000, Barnett and Birch designed the two chapels together with the lodge and entrance and the cemetery was planted by James Wright. Work started on the buildings in May 1854 and in March 1855 St Marylebone Cemetery was consecrated by the Bishop of London.
In 1893 an area of land adjoining the cemetery to the west was purchased. The extension is not shown on the 2nd edition OS map published in 1894 but does appear on the 1914 edition.
In 1965 the Borough of St Marylebone was incorporated into the City of Westminster and the cemetery was then administered by Westminster City Council and renamed East Finchley Cemetery. In 1987 the council sold it, together with two other cemeteries, to private developers for fifteen pence. Following a period of neglect and public controversy, Westminster purchased the cemetery back and it continues (2000) to be owned by them and is currently managed and maintained under contract. St Marylebone Crematorium is now in private ownership. The Barnett and Birch ragstone buildings (chapels and lodges) were restored in 1994-6.
DESCRIPTION
LOCATION, AREA, BOUNDARIES, LANDFORM, SETTING St Marylebone Cemetery, c 15ha, is located to the north of the Hampstead Garden Suburb, in the London Borough of Barnet. It is bounded by the East End Road to the north-east, playing fields, Brookland Primary School, and the North Circular Road to the west and north-west, the gardens of houses on Ludlow Way and Denison Close to the east, and gardens of houses along Hill Top to the south. There are walls around most of the boundaries, with a low wall supporting iron fencing along the north-east boundary. The cemetery is laid out on sloping ground, with a fall from north to south. There are good views from the higher ground in the northern part of the cemetery over the southern part and beyond to the churches in Hampstead Garden Suburb.
ENTRANCES AND APPROACHES The main approach to the cemetery is from East End Road to the north-east. A pair of mid C19 entrance gates with gothic gateposts are connected by a low stone wall on which spiked iron railings are mounted. The gates and walls are set back from the road, with a lawn in front. The western entrance, with a gothic lodge (1850s, listed grade II with the northern boundary wall and railings), is surmounted by an archway. The entrance drives curve in from each gate to meet in the middle.
The 1930s approach to the crematorium is from a junction off East End Road in the north-west corner of the cemetery. This entrance has two small, single-storey octagonal gatehouses designed by Edwin Cooper (1937, listed grade II). The drive, Sycamore Avenue, leads southwards towards the crematorium, 150m to the south.
PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS The Church of England (Episcopal) chapel (Barnett and Birch 1854, listed grade II), in Decorated Gothic style, stands to the south of the semi-circular entrance drive. It has a crocketed spire over the entrance. Further south and on the west side of the original cemetery is the smaller, and plainer, Dissenters or Nonconformist chapel (Barnett and
108
Birch 1854, listed grade II). The Italianate red-brick Crematorium and Chapel (listed grade II), located in the western part of the cemetery, was designed by Sir Edwin Cooper in 1937 for the Borough of St Marylebone.
GARDENS AND PLEASURE GROUNDS Near the entrance to the original (eastern) part of the cemetery there are two large cedars (planted in 1856) and other mature trees and shrubs within the semi-circular area formed by the entrance drive. The original (mid C19) part of the cemetery (c 9ha) runs north/south from the main entrance. The northern half is laid out with three avenues: a central, straight avenue and two curving avenues on either side, forming an oval circuit. The Church of England chapel lies at the northern end of this oval (with the avenues merging from this point with the entrance drives), and the Glenesk Mausoleum (listed grade II) at the southern end. The Mausoleum was designed by Arthur Blomfield for Lord Glenesk in 1899 and is a rectangular building in limestone, with corner buttresses and a slate roof.
In the southern half of the original cemetery, the three avenues continue southwards as parallel linear drives, known as West, Central, and East Avenues. The avenues are connected at their southern ends by Southern Avenue, which runs west/east. Acacia Avenue runs parallel, and to the west of, Western Avenue and leads north from Southern Avenue to the Nonconformist chapel, which is located within an area of tarmac between Acacia Avenue and Western Avenue. The unconsecrated ground which surrounded the chapel was divided from the rest of the ground in the 1850s by ornamental post-and-chain fencing (removed C20). A curving drive, Rosemary Avenue, leads through the south-east corner of the cemetery, connecting Eastern Avenue with the southern end of Central Avenue.
There are avenues of yew and other conifers along most of the avenues. Central Avenue was planted in the 1850s with an avenue of poplars but these were felled in 1887 and replaced by yew trees. There are scattered mature trees throughout the C19 cemetery (mostly evergreens, conifers, and oaks) and some shrubs amongst the densely laid out graves. An area in the south-east corner is more open with grass and scattered trees.
There are many notable Edwardian monuments which have been strategically placed at the main junctions. The monuments include six which are listed grade II: the memorial to Harry Ripley (William Reid Dick c 1914) of a bronze draped figure on a granite plinth, on Cypress Avenue; opposite the Ripley monument is the memorial to Thomas Tate (F Lynn Jenkins c 1909) of a bronze draped Roman figure on a sarcophagus; the large monument to Sir Peter Nicol Russell (Sir Edgar MacKennal early C20) to the east of the Church of England chapel, a bronze group against a tall pedestal; the pink polished granite monument to Sir Henry Bishop, with a bronze portrait medallion, on a stone base off Central Avenue; the stone screen monument to Sir Robert Harmsworth and family by Edwin Lutyens off West Avenue; and the massive sarcophagus monument to Thomas Skarratt Hall (d 1903) and his family in polished pink granite on a stone plinth off West Avenue.
The cemetery extension (6ha) in the north-west corner of the site is laid out on a square grid plan of straight drives, with formal arrangements of graves set within garden areas. The land was taken into the cemetery in the late C19 but was not laid out until the 1930s. Oak Tree Avenue (terminated at its east end by an oak tree) runs west/east along the southern end of the extension and Cypress Avenue runs west/east across the centre. The crematorium (1937) is located in the south-west corner of the extension and the entrance drive runs down the eastern boundary of this area, linking the crematorium to the entrance from East End Road. To the south of the crematorium are an informal memorial garden known as Willow Tree Gardens and an area of lawn graves, both developed in the late C20 (outside the area here registered). A drive leads north along the east side of the crematorium and terminates at a war memorial near the northern boundary of the cemetery. A small plot of military graves, 'Soldiers' Corner', is located on Remembrance Avenue.
109
REFERENCES
H Meller, London Cemeteries (1981), pp 56-63 B Cherry and N Pevsner, The Buildings of England: London 4 North (1998), p 122
Maps OS 25" to 1 mile: 1st edition surveyed 1868 2nd edition published 1894 3rd edition published 1913
REASONS FOR DESIGNATION East Finchley Cemetery is designated at Grade II* for the following principal reasons:
* A good example of a High Victorian (18454-55) public cemetery for the Metropolis. * Notable designers (Barnett & Birch Ltd) provided a creative layout. * The layout and structures survive largely intact in good condition. * Local and national social interest is expressed in a rich variety of 19th and early 20th century monuments. * The cemetery contains a good early 20th century crematorium and memorial cloister (1937) by Sir Edwin Cooper.
Description written: December 1998 Amended: March 2000 Register Inspector: CB Edited: November 2003 Upgraded: November 2009
Selected Sources Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details
National Grid Reference: TQ 25913 89605
Map
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110
Appendix 3: Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area Map
111
112
Appendix 4: Historic photographs of the Former Convent fire in 1972
113
114
115
116
Appendix 5: Heritage Legislation, Policy and Guidance
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Statutory Duties
The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990
Section 16(2) of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 sets out the general duty with regard to the determination of listed building consent applications:
“In considering whether to grant listed building consent for any works the local planning authority or the Secretary of State shall have special regard to the desirability of preserving the building or its setting or any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses.”
Section 66 imposes a “General duty as respects listed buildings in the exercise of planning functions.” Subsection (1) provides:
“In considering whether to grant planning permission for development which affects a listed building or its setting, the local planning authority or, as the case may be, the Secretary of State shall have special regard to the desirability of preserving the building or its setting or any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses.”
Recent case law48 has confirmed that Parliament’s intention in enacting section 66(1) of the 1990 Act was that decision-makers should give “considerable importance and weight” to the desirability of preserving the setting of listed buildings, where “preserve” means to “to do no harm” This duty must be borne in mind when considering any harm that may accrue and the balancing of such harm against public benefits as required by national planning policy. Case law has confirmed that this weight can also be applied to the statutory tests in respect of conservation areas49. The Secretary of State has confirmed50 that ‘considerable importance and weight’ is not synonymous with ‘overriding importance and weight’.
Importantly, the meaning of preservation in this context, and for both listed buildings and conservation areas, as informed by case law, is taken to be the avoidance of harm.
National Policy
National Planning Policy Framework, 2012
The Framework was issued on 27th March 2012 and replaces PPS5: Planning for the Historic Environment. The Framework provides a full statement of Government's planning policies with regard to achieving sustainable development with the protection of the historic environment as an integral element of environmental quality, which should be cherished and allowed to thrive and grow.
Paragraph 128 outlines the information required to support planning applications affecting heritage assets, stating that applicants should provide a description of the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the asset’s importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance.
48 Barnwell Manor Wind Energy Limited and (1) East Northamptonshire District Council (2) English Heritage (3) National Trust (4) The Secretary of State for Communities and Local Governments, Case No: C1/2013/0843, 18th February 2014 49 The Forge Field Society v Sevenoaks District Council [2014] EWHC 1895 (Admin); North Norfolk District Council v Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government [2014] EWHC 279 (Admin) 50 APP/H1705/A/13/2205929
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Paragraph 129 sets out the principles guiding the determination of applications affecting designated and non-designated heritage assets, and states that:
“'Local planning authorities should identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset that may be affected by a proposal. They should take this assessment into account when considering the impact of a proposal on a heritage asset, to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the proposal.”
Paragraph 131 elaborates that local planning authorities should take account of the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets, putting them into viable uses consistent with their conservation, as well as the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness.
Paragraph 132 regards the determination of applications affecting designated heritage assets. It outlines that great weight should be given to the asset’s conservation when considering the impact of a proposed development on the asset’s significance. The more important the heritage asset, the greater the weight should be.
Paragraph 132 goes on to specify that any harm or loss should require clear and convincing justification. It states that;
“Substantial harm to or total loss of significance of a grade II listed building, park or garden should be exceptional. Substantial harm to of loss of designated heritage assets of the highest significance, notably scheduled monuments, protected wreck sites, battlefields, grade I and II* listed buildings, grade I and II* registered parks and gardens, and World Heritage Sites, should be wholly exceptional.”
Paragraph 133 outlines that Local Planning Authorities should refuse consent where a proposed development will lead to substantial harm or total loss of significance of a designated heritage asset, unless it can be demonstrated that this is necessary to deliver substantial public benefits that outweigh such harm or loss or all of the following apply:
The nature of the heritage asset prevents all reasonable uses of the site; and
• No viable use of the heritage asset can be found in the medium term through appropriate marketing that will enable its conservation; and
• Conservation by grant funding or some form of charitable or public ownership is demonstrably not possible; and
• The harm or loss is outweighed by bringing the site back into use
Paragraph 134 concerns proposed development which will lead to less than substantial harm to the significance of a heritage asset. It outlines this harm should be weighed against the public benefits of the proposal, including securing its optimum viable use. Policy outlined in paragraphs 132–134 of the Framework should be interpreted in light of the statutory duties relating to statutorily listed buildings and conservation areas as set out in the Planning (Listed Buildings & Conservation Areas) Act 1990.
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With regard to applications affecting conservation areas and the setting of heritage assets, paragraph 137 states:
"Local planning authorities should look for opportunities for new development within Conservation Areas and World Heritage Sites and within the setting of heritage assets to enhance or better reveal their significance. Proposals that preserve those elements of the setting that make a positive contribution to or better reveal the significance of the asset should be treated favourably."
National Guidance
National Planning Practice Guidance (NPPG)
National Planning Practice Guidance has been issued by the Government as a web resource and living document, including a category on conserving and enhancing the historic environment. This is intended to provide more detailed guidance and information with regard to the implementation of national policy set out in the NPPF 2012.
Department of Culture, Media and Sport Circular: Principles of Selection for Listing Buildings 2010
The Principles of Selection for listing buildings sets out the general criteria for assessing the special interest of a building in paras. 9 and 10, as below:
“Architectural Interest. To be of special architectural interest a building must be of importance in its architectural design, decoration or craftsmanship; special interest may also apply to nationally important examples of particular building types and techniques (e.g. buildings displaying technological innovation or virtuosity) and significant plan forms;
Historic Interest. To be of special historic interest a building must illustrate important aspects of the nation’s social, economic, cultural, or military history and/or have close historical associations with nationally important people. There should normally be some quality of interest in the physical fabric of the building itself to justify the statutory protection afforded by listing.
10. When making a listing decision, the Secretary of State may take into account the extent to which the exterior contributes to the architectural or historic interest of any group of buildings of which it forms part. This is generally known as group value. The Secretary of State will take this into account particularly where buildings comprise an important architectural or historic unity or a fine example of planning (e.g. squares, terraces or model villages) or where there is a historical functional relationship between a group of buildings. If a building is designated because of its group value, protection applies to the whole of the property, not just the exterior.”
In addition to the criteria and general principles set out in the guidance, a number of Selection Guides for different building types have been published by Historic England in 2011. These Selection Guides provide further information regarding each building type, and demonstrate what features are considered significant and likely to make a building of special architectural or historic interest when assessing each building type.
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National Advice
Historic England, Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 2: Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment, 2015
This document provides advice on the implementation of historic environment policy in the Framework and the related guidance given in the PPG. For the purposes of this report, the advice includes: assessing the significance of heritage assets; using appropriate expertise; historic environment records; and design and distinctiveness.
It provides a suggested staged approach to decision-making where there may be a potential impact on the historic environment:
1. Understand the significance of the affected assets;
2. Understand the impact of the proposal on that significance;
3. Avoid, minimise and mitigate impact in a way that meets the objectives of the Framework;
4. Look for opportunities to better reveal or enhance significance;
5. Justify any harmful impacts in terms of the sustainable development objective of conserving significance and the need for change;
6. Offset negative impacts on aspects of significance by enhancing others through recording, disseminating and archiving archaeological and historical interest of the important elements of the heritage assets affected.
Historic England, Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3: The Setting of Heritage Assets, 2015
GPA Note 3 provides information to assist in implementing historic environment policy with regard to the managing change within the setting of heritage assets. This also provides a toolkit for assessing the implications of development proposals affecting setting. A series of stages are recommended for assessment, these are:
Step 1: identifying the heritage assets affected and their settings
Step 2: assessing whether, how and to what degree these settings make a contribution to the significance of the heritage asset(s)
Step 3: assessing the effect of the proposed development
Step 4: maximising enhancement and minimising harm
Step 5: making and documenting the decision and monitoring outcomes.
Historic England: Conservation Area Designation, Appraisal and Management; Historic England Advice Note 1, 2016
This document sets out a series of conservation principles and guidance regarding the management of Conservation Areas. It outlines the fundaments of designation, and, importantly, puts in place processes for character appraisals which may be used to manage development in
121 the area moving forward. It sets an over-arching objective for character appraisals as documents which understand and articulate why the area is special and what elements within the area contribute to this special quality and which don’t. Having done this, it outlines an approach to assessments of special interest which uses desk and field-based inquiry.
Historic England: Advice Note 2: Making Changes to Heritage Assets 2016
This document provides general advice according to different categories of intervention in heritage assets, including repair, restoration, addition and alteration, as well as on works for research alone, based on the following types of heritage asset: buildings and other structures; standing remains including earthworks; buried remains and marine sites; and larger heritage assets including conservation areas, landscapes, including parks and gardens, and World Heritage Sites. It is intended to be useful to owners, developers, local planning authorities and others in considering works to all heritage assets.
Local Policy and Guidance
The LPA for the Property is the London Borough of Barnet.
Further Alterations to the London Plan 2015
The London Plan was adopted by the Greater London Authority in July 2011 and sets out the Spatial Development Strategy for all Boroughs within Greater London. It replaces the London Plan (consolidated with alterations since 2004), which was published in February 2008. The Plan has been subsequently revised to ensure consistency with the NPPF and other changes since 2011, and the Further Alterations to the London Plan were published on 10 March 2015.
Policy 7.8 (Heritage assets and archaeology) states that:
“Strategic
A London’s heritage assets and historic environment, including listed buildings, registered historic parks and gardens and other natural and historic landscapes, conservation areas, World Heritage Sites, registered battlefields, scheduled monuments, archaeological remains and memorials should be identified, so that the desirability of sustaining and enhancing their significance and of utilising their positive role in place shaping can be taken into account.
B Development should incorporate measures that identify, record, interpret, protect and, where appropriate, present the site’s archaeology.
Planning decisions
C Development should identify, value, conserve, restore, re-use and incorporate heritage assets, where appropriate.
D Development affecting heritage assets and their settings should conserve their significance, by being sympathetic to their form, scale, materials and architectural detail.
E New development should make provision for the protection of archaeological resources, landscapes and significant memorials. The physical assets should, where
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possible, be made available to the public on-site. Where the archaeological asset or memorial cannot be preserved or managed on-site, provision must be made for the investigation, understanding, recording, dissemination and archiving of that asset ...”
London Borough of Barnet Core Strategy, 2012
The London Borough of Barnet Core Strategy was adopted by the Council on 11th September 2012. This document sets out the long term spatial vision and strategic objectives for the Local Planning Authority area.
Policy CS5 (Protecting and enhancing Barnet’s character to create high quality places) sets out development principles and requirements for proposals within or affecting the setting of heritage assets. The relevant section of this policy states that:
‘‘We will ensure that development in Barnet respects local context and distinctive local character creating places and buildings of high quality design. Developments should:
• address the principles, aims and objectives set out in the following national design guidance:
By Design, Secured by Design, Safer Places, Inclusive Design, Lifetime Homes and Building for Life:
• be safe, attractive and fully accessible
• provide vibrant, attractive and accessible public spaces
• respect and enhance the distinctive natural landscapes of Barnet
• protect and enhance the gardens of residential properties
• protect important local views from places within Barnet (as set out in Map 8)
• enhance the borough’s high quality suburbs and historic areas through the provision of buildings of the highest quality that are sustainable and adaptable.
All development should maximise the opportunity for community diversity, inclusion and cohesion and should contribute to people’s sense of place, safety and security.
Heritage and character
We will work with partners to proactively protect and enhance Barnet’s heritage including conservation areas, listed buildings, locally listed buildings, registered parks and gardens; scheduled monuments, areas of archaeological significance and London’s only battlefield site.
We will require proposals within or affecting the setting of heritage assets to provide a site assessment which demonstrates how the proposal will respect and enhance the asset. Policy CS13 addresses the adaptation of heritage assets to reduce carbon emissions and ensure efficient use of natural resources.
We will ensure through our programme of Conservation Area Character Appraisals that these areas are protected and enhanced.
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We will ensure through our Green Infrastructure SPD that the key characteristics of Barnet’s landscape (Barnet Plateau and Finchley Ridge) are protected and enhanced.
We will encourage community involvement in the review of the Local List of important local buildings.
The Barnet Characterisation Study forms the baseline for the identification of places with a consistent and coherent architectural character. Within the typologies identified in the Characterisation Study we will through our Development Management Policies DPD and Residential Design Guidance SPD develop a framework to protect and enhance those high quality suburbs in Barnet not protected by Conservation Area designations.’’
London Borough of Barnet Development Management Policies, 2012
The London Borough of Barnet Development Management Policies was adopted by the Council on 11th September 2012. This document helps to further implement the Core Strategy for day to day planning decisions.
Policy DM06 (Barnet’s heritage and conservation) states that:
‘‘a. All heritage assets will be protected in line with their significance. All development will have regard to the local historic context. b. Development proposals must preserve or enhance the character and appearance of 16 Conservation Areas in Barnet. c. Proposals involving or affecting Barnet’s heritage assets set out in Table 7.2 should demonstrate the following:
• the significance of the heritage asset
• the impact of the proposal on the significance of the heritage asset
• the impact of the proposal on the setting of the heritage asset
• how the significance and/or setting of a heritage asset can be better revealed
• the opportunities to mitigate or adapt to climate change
• how the benefits outweigh any harm caused to the heritage asset. d. There will be a presumption in favour of retaining all 1,600 Locally Listed Buildings in Barnet and any buildings which makes a positive contribution to the character or appearance of the 16 Conservation Areas. e. Archaeological remains will be protected in particular in the 19 identified Local Areas of Special Archaeological Significance and elsewhere in Barnet. Any development that may affect archaeological remains will need to demonstrate the likely impact upon the remains and the proposed mitigation to reduce that impact.’’
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Supplementary Guidance
Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area Character Appraisal Statement, 2010 The Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area Character Appraisal Statement was adopted by the Council in October 2010. The document identifies and appraises the architectural and historic character of Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area.
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Turley Office The Charlotte Building 17 Gresse Street London W1T 1QL
T 020 7851 4010