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The Chicago Youth Development Project. Final Report. INSTITUTION Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor

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The Chicago Youth Development Project. Final Report. INSTITUTION Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor DOCUMEIT RESUME ED 099 533 CE 002 616 AUTHOR Gold, Martin; Mattick, Hans W. TITLE Experiment in the Streets: The Chicago Youth Development Project. Final Report. INSTITUTION Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Inst. for Social Research. SPONS AGENCY Ford Foundation, New York, N.Y.; Manpower Administration (DOL), Washington, D.C. Office of Research and Development. REPORT NO DLMA-91-24-68-41 PUB DATE Mar 74 NOTE 373p. AVAILABLE FROM National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22151 ($6.00) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$17.40 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS Change Strategies; City Problems; Community Programs; Comparative Analysis; Delinquency; *Delinquency Prevention; *Educational Needs; Juvenile Gangs; *Pilot Projects; Program Descriptions; School Community Relationship; Urban Dropouts; Urban Schools; Urban Slums; Urban Youth; Vocational Education; Youth Agencies; *Youth Clubs; *Youth Employment IDENTIFIERS Chicago; Chicago Youth Development Project; Illinois ABSTRACT The Chicago Youth Development Projectwas an action-research program jointly undertaken by the ChicagoBoys Club and the University of Michigan Institute for Social Researchto test whether a program of aggressive street work and community organization in the core of a city could reduce delinquencyamong youth living there. The report presentsa comprehensive account of what was actually done and with what effect, providing themost complete and objective information obtainable, demonstrating to what degree this kind of program can achieve its goals and suggestingwhat improvements are needed for an even greater impact. Thestudy compares the effects, over five years, of the program in two inner city areas with comparable control areas nearbyon such variables as delinquency rates, youth employment rates, school attendance,and adults' satisfaction with their community. The researchers conclude that the project made negligible impact cn these respects, but that when boys, expectations of their eventual educational attainmentwere raised, their delinquency declined. Basea on this finding, the researchers suggest that effective futureprograms will concurrently open educational ani vocational opportunities and prepare youngsters to grasp them, fashioning new ways for some adolescents to be students. (Author/AJ) EXPERIMENT IN THE STREETS:. The Chicago Youth b Development Project JEST COPY1111101.4511 by Martin Gold Hans W. Mattick and the Staff of the Project a Report to The Ford Foundation 32 The W. Clement and Jessie V. Stone Foundation United States Department of Labor 33 ..J INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH Research Center for Group Dynamics Program on Children, Youth and Family Life 39 I J5 DEPARTMEN T OFFIC Ai IN DUCA ION& WFLFARC 6; NATIONAL INSTITUTE TF EDUCATION rIFFN 6,1 DOCl/MFN' . c;F: E.) I.: .` FXAC At y t TIT FICON 1;.' 4 .," . EXPERIMENT IN THE STREETS: The Chicago Youth Development Project by Martin Gold Hans W. Mattick and the Staff of the Project a Report to The Ford Foundation The W. Clement and Jessie V. Stone Foundation United States Department of Labor INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH Research Centr for Group Dynamics Program for Children, Youth and Family Life 1. Report No. .1PIEMS STANDARD TITLE PAGE 2, Govt. Mett.9r4ort 3. Rec ipient's Catalog No. FOR TECHNICAL REPORTS DLMA 91-24-68-41 No. 4. Title and Subtitle ___. 5. Report Date Experiment in the Streets: The Chicago Youth March 1974 Development Project 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s)Martin Cold (affiliation below) and bans W. Mattick,a.PerformingOrgarlizationRept. Center for Research in Criminal Justice, U. of Illinois No. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Project /Task /Work Unit No. Institute for Social Research The University of Michigan, Box 1248 ii.Contract/Grant No. Ann Arbor, Michigan 38106 D2 91-24-68-41 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report & Petiod U.S. Department of Labor Covered Manpower Administration Final Office of-Retearch and Development 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 1111 20th St., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20210 15. Supplementary Notes Alsosubmitted to the Ford Foundation andtothe Jessie V. and W. Clement Stone Foundation;and to be submitted for publication. 16. Abstracts Study ofstreetwork and communityorganization projectof me GA1ca,v Boys Clubs from1961-66. Compares the effects of the programin two inner city areas with comparablecontrol areas nearby on suLh variablesas delinquency rates, youth employmentrates, school attendance, and adults'satisfaction with their community. Concludes that the project made negligibleimpact in these respects on theexperimental neighborhoods; but that when boys'expectations of their eventual educationalattainment were raised, their delinquencydeclined. Project wassuccessful in reaching and maintaining relationshipswith boys who were ordinarilynot served by the agency; also waseffective in enlist- ing black womeninto community organizations, increasing theirsense of efficacy and their senseof responsibility for neighborhood youth; andwas able to gain "most favored client"status for boys in the project program,increasing the number acceptedback into school (but not the number who remainedin school) and (OVER) 17. Key Words and Document Analysis.17o. Descriptors Adjustment (psychology), attitude survey, attitudes, children,counseling-voca- tional interests, education (includes training), effectiveness,employment, ethnic groups, evaluation, juvenile delinquency, learring,males, motivation, negroes, placement, psychological guidance, reference groups,rehabilitation, schools, social organization, social welfare, students,unemployment,unskilled workers, urban areas, vocationalguidance. 17b. loentifiers/Open-Ended Terms Chicago Youth Development Project 17e. COSATI Field/Group 5j. and 5k. 18. Distribution St.-icemen( 19. Security Class (This 21. Nu. of Pages Distribution is unlimited. Available from Report) National Technical Information 370 Service, Springfield20. Secl-utCyLt1SaSsi-F(Nt.: 22. Pri,e Va., 22151. p:,ge UNC 1. ASCI FIFO $U.00 FOM.4tiF5T1.75l4701 USCOMM- r_)C 65002 -t'10 16. Abstract (continued) the number who got jobs(but not the number who kept jobs). Project was not successful in diverting apprehendedoffenders in the experimental areasfrom the juvenile justice system. Staff: Chicago Youth DevelopmentProj.Ict Flint Anderson James E. Maryland Lincoln A. Blakeney Hans W. Mattick Richard M. Booze McClure McCombs Nathan S. Caplan Lois Felson Mock Frank J. Carney Judith Brandley Moore Fred W. Christie Michael Morelos Isabelle Conda Cecelia M. Mulligan Martin E. Dann Eugene Perkins Christiel Davis John L. Ray William Davis Warner Saunders Dennis J. Deshaies Daniel R. Scheinfeld Earl F. Doty Herbert C. Scott Norman Feldman Malcolm D. Shanower Laura Fishman Obern Simons James Fitzgerald Alonzo Smith James Foreman Ezra Smith Martin Gold Gerald D. Suttles Esther Gutierrez Daniel Swope Donald E. Hamilton Jeff Underwood Donald E. Hanson Norman B. Weiss Oscar F. Hartman J. Alan Winter Solon M. Ice Alice Crouse Wisk Antonio Irizarry Ronald J. Wolsfeld Levert P. King Leroy Woodfork Ronald Lippitt Rosalie P. Woodson Joseph Martinez Donald Young A. Patrick Zerega TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables List of Figures vii Preface ix Chapter 1: History and Prospectus 1 Historical Context 13 Overview of this Report 23 Chapter 2: Goals and Images 25 The Givens. I. The Inner City 28 The Givens. II. Parents and Citizens 33 The Givens. III. Delinquent Boys 37 The Givens. IV. The Agency 40 Chapter 3: Design for Action and Research 45 Choosing the Target Neighborhoods 47 Descriptions of the Target Areas 50 Control Areas 52 Natural-Unified Control Areas 53 Constructed-Dispersed Control Areas 54 Organization of CYDP 58 Research Interlude: Records and the Boys' Interviews 64 Design for Acticn: Community Organization 69 Research Interlude: Interviews with Adult Women andAgency Executives 70 Assessing CYDP's Outcomes 73 Chapter 4: Working in the Community 77 The Target Areas as Communities 78 The Purposes of Community Activity 83 The Processes of Community Action 84 A Week in the Life ofa CRC 91 The Extent of the Organizational Effort 98 Efficacy of Community Action 106 Theories of Delinquency 115 Personal Responsibility 119 Attitudes toward the Neighborhood 124 Chapter 5: Extension Work with Boys 129 A Week in the Life of an Extension Worker 131 Frank Cooper and Carl Houts 140 Cooling a Gangfight 165 The El Condors Go Camping 169 Boys' Views of Their Extension Workers 174 Worker-Boy Relationships from the Workers' Perspective 183 Dynamics of the Worker-Boy Relationship 188 Effects of CYDP 196 Boys' Standards of Behavior 197 School 199 Jobs 213 Constructive Activities 218 Delinquency 238 Disposition of Delinquents 256 Conclusions 263 Chapter 6: Effects on the Agency 267 Method 270 Recruitment and Competencies 271 The Agency's Image 277 Distribution of Power 290 Supervision of the Club Staff 293 Use of Club Facilities 295 The Image of the Club in the Community 298 Community Relations 298 Consensus 301 Who are the Young Clientele? 302 Thy Uses of the Community 306 Ir the Absence of Consensus 310 Summary 311 The Clientele to be Served 314 Community Organization 315 The Distribution of Power 316 Chapter 7: Perspective on Action for Youth 319 Input 4- Process 4. Outcome 320 Chapter 7 (cont.) Sumthary of Findings 322 Input Process: Changes in theAgency 322 Input Process: CommunityOrganization 324 Input Process: Extension Work 325 Process -4- Outcome 327 A Review ofAssumptions 328 New Directicns 343 For Research 343 For Treatment and PreventionPrograms
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