2015 Early School Leavers Report a Reference Group Advises on the Design and Documents the Results of the Annual Statewide Conduct of the Survey

Early School Leavers A report on the destinations of young people who left Queensland schools in Years 10, 11 and prior to completing Year 12 in 2014

nextstep

Early School Leavers

A report on the destinations of young people who left Queensland schools in Years 10, 11 and prior to completing Year 12 in 2014

Acknowledgments

The Next Step team gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the members of the Next Step survey reference group and the organisations they represent:

Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (Queensland branch)

Catholic Secondary Principals Association of Queensland

Independent Schools Queensland

Queensland Catholic Education Commission

Queensland Curriculum and Assessment Authority

Queensland Government Statistician’s Office

Queensland Secondary Principals' Association

Queensland University of Technology

State Schools Division, Department of Education and Training

Training and Skills Division, Department of Education and Training

The Next Step team extends its sincere thanks to the many young Queenslanders who gave up their time to participate in the Early School Leavers survey.

This research is funded by the Queensland Government.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia License

ii Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Contents

Acknowledgments ...... ii List of tables ...... v List of figures ...... vi Photograph acknowledgements ...... viii Glossary ...... ix Chapter 1 – Introduction ...... 1 Background ...... 1 Survey methodology ...... 1 Break in time-series ...... 2 Terminology ...... 2 Effects of rounding ...... 2 Data editing ...... 2 Profile of early school leavers ...... 2 Response rates...... 3 Proxies ...... 3 Summary of findings ...... 4 Chapter 2 – Main destinations of early school leavers...... 11 Main destination...... 11 Education and employment destinations ...... 15 Chapter 3 – Destinations over time of early school leavers ...... 19 Main destination over time ...... 19 Work and study destinations over time ...... 22 Education and training destinations over time ...... 23 Employment destinations over time ...... 24 Chapter 4 – Education and training destinations ...... 27 All early school leavers in education or training ...... 27 Education and training by sex ...... 29 Education and training by year level...... 30 Study load...... 30 Field of study ...... 31 Study provider ...... 33 Working and non-working students ...... 35 Chapter 5 – Employment destinations ...... 39 All early school leavers in employment ...... 39 Permanent and Casual workers ...... 48 Working and not in education or training ...... 51 Working and in education or training ...... 54 Chapter 6 – Apprentices and Trainees ...... 57 Early school leavers in apprenticeships or traineeships ...... 57 Education and training destinations of apprentices and trainees ...... 58 Employment destinations of apprentices and trainees ...... 61 Chapter 7 – Not studying; not employed; and not studying or employed ...... 67 Overview ...... 67 Not studying ...... 68 Not employed ...... 72 Not studying or employed ...... 73

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Chapter 8 – Regional differences in post-school destinations ...... 79 South East Queensland/Regional Queensland ...... 79 Education Council zone differences ...... 84 ABS Statistical Area Level 4 ...... 84 Chapter 9 – Main destinations of early school leavers by subgroups ...... 91 Indigenous status ...... 91 Language background other than English ...... 99 Socioeconomic status ...... 100 Appendices ...... 105 Appendix 1 – Queensland schools with early school leavers in 2014 ...... 105 Appendix 2 – Main destination categorisation ...... 116 Appendix 3 – Fields of study ...... 117 Appendix 4 – Industry categories ...... 118 Appendix 5 – Occupational groups ...... 119 Appendix 6 – Statistical Area Level 4 – Queensland, ABS, 2011 ...... 120 Appendix 7 – 2015 Early School Leavers survey questionnaire ...... 122

iv Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

List of tables Table 1.1: Early school leavers who respondend to the Early School Leavers survey, by selected key characteristics, Queensland 2015 ...... 3 Table 1.2: Response rates of early school leavers, by selected key subgroups, Queensland 2015 ...... 3 Table 1.3: Main reason for leaving school of early school leavers, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 4 Table 2.1: Main destination of early school leavers, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 12 Table 2.2: Main destination of early school leavers, by age group, Queensland 2015 ...... 14 Table 2.3: Main destination of early school leavers, by Indigenous status, Queensland 2015 ...... 15 Table 2.4: Study and labour force destination of early school leavers, Queensland 2015...... 15 Table 4.1: Labour force destination of early school leavers, by study destination, Queensland 2015 ...... 27 Table 4.2: Level of study of early school leavers in education or training, by study load, Queensland 2015 ...... 28 Table 4.3: Level of study of early school leavers in campus-based education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 29 Table 4.4: Level of study of early school leavers in campus-based education or training, by study load, Queensland 2015 ...... 30 Table 4.5: Field of study of early school leavers in campus-based education and training, by sex, Queensland 2015...... 31 Table 4.6: Field of study of early school leavers in education or training, by level of study, Queensland 2015 ..... 32 Table 4.7: Study provider of early school leavers in campus-based education or training, Queensland 2015 ...... 33 Table 4.8: Post-school institutions of early school leavers in campus-based education or training, Queensland 2015...... 34 Table 4.9: Level of study of early school leavers in campus-based education or training, by student work status (proportion within study level), Queensland 2015 ...... 35 Table 4.10 : Level of study of early school leavers in campus-based education or training, by student work status (proportion within student work status), Queensland 2015 ...... 35 Table 4.11: Study load of early school leavers, by working and non-working students, Queensland 2015 ...... 37 Table 5.1: Labour force destination of early school leavers, by study destination, Queensland 2015 ...... 39 Table 5.2: Detailed work destination of early school leavers in employment, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 41 Table 5.3: Occupational Major Group of early school leavers in employment, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 41 Table 5.4: Occupational Major Group of early school leavers in employment, by year level, Queensland 2015 ... 42 Table 5.5: Industry category of early school leavers in employment, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 43 Table 5.6: Industry category of early school leavers in employment, by year level, Queensland 2015 ...... 44 Table 5.7: Occupational Unit Group of male early school leavers employed as Labourers, Queensland 2015 ..... 46 Table 5.8: Occupational Unit Group of female early school leavers employed as Sales Workers, Queensland 2015...... 47 Table 5.9: Sex, workload and study status of early school leavers in employment, by employment type, Queensland 2015 ...... 48 Table 5.10: Occupational Sub-Major Group of early school leavers in employment, by employment type, Queensland 2015 ...... 50 Table 5.11: Occupational Minor Group of early school leavers in employment and not in education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 51 Table 5.12: Industry category of early school leavers in employment and not in education or training, by workload, Queensland 2015 ...... 52 Table 5.13: Hours worked by early school leavers in employment and not in education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 52 Table 5.14: Occupational Minor Group of early school leavers in employment and study, by sex, Queensland 2015...... 54 Table 5.15: Industry category of early school leavers in employment and study, by work load, Queensland 2015 . 55 Table 5.16: Level of study of early school leavers in employment and study, by hours worked per week, Queensland 2015 ...... 56 Table 6.1: Labour force destination of early school leavers, by study destination, Queensland 2015 ...... 57 Table 6.2: Early school leavers in apprenticeships or traineeships, by selected key characteristics, Queensland 2015...... 58 Table 6.3: Level of study of early school leavers undertaking apprenticeships or traineeships, Queensland 2015 58 Table 6.4: Field of study of early school leavers undertaking apprenticeships or traineeships, Queensland 2015 59 Table 6.5: Field of study of early school leavers undertaking apprenticeships or traineeships, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 60 Table 6.6: Study provider of early school leavers undertaking apprenticeships or traineeships, Queensland 2015...... 61 Table 6.7: Occupational Major Group of early school leavers in apprenticeships or traineeships, Queensland 2015...... 61 Table 6.8: Occupational Unit Group of early school leavers in apprenticeships employed as Technicians and Trades Workers, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 62 Table 6.9: Occupational Unit Group of early school leavers in traineeships employed as Labourers, Sales Workers, or Community and Personal Service Workers Queensland 2015 ...... 63 Table 6.10: Industry category of early school leavers in apprenticeships or traineeships, Queensland 2015 ...... 64 Table 6.11: Hours worked by early school leavers in apprenticeships or traineeships, Queensland 2015 ...... 65 Table 7.1: Labour force destination of early school leavers, by study destination, Queensland 2015 ...... 67 Table 7.2: Early school leavers not in education or training, by selected key characteristics, Queensland 2015 .. 68 Table 7.3: Main destination of early school leavers not in education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 68

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Table 7.4: Main reason for not studying of early school leavers not in education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015...... 70 Table 7.5: Main reason for not studying of early school leavers not in education or training, by South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, Queensland 2015 ...... 71 Table 7.6: Early school leavers not employed, by selected key characteristics, Queensland 2015 ...... 72 Table 7.7: Main destination of early school leavers not employed, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 72 Table 7.8: Early school leavers not studying and not employed but seeking work, by selected key characteristics, Queensland 2015 ...... 73 Table 7.9: Early school leavers not in the labour force, education or training, by selected key characteristics, Queensland 2015 ...... 74 Table 8.1: Main destination of early school leavers, by South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, Queensland 2015 ...... 79 Table 8.2: Level of study of early school leavers in education or training, by South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, Queensland 2015 ...... 82 Table 8.3: Occupational Sub-Major Group of early school leavers in employment, by South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, Queensland 2015 ...... 83 Table 8.4: Main destination (Bachelor Degree and Secondary study) of early school leavers, by SA4, Queensland 2015 ...... 85 Table 8.5: Main destination (Campus-based VET) of early school leavers, by SA4, Queensland 2015 ...... 86 Table 8.6: Main destination (Employment-based VET) of early school leavers, by SA4, Queensland 2015 ...... 87 Table 8.7: Main destination (Work) of early school leavers, by SA4, Queensland 2015 ...... 88 Table 8.8: Main destination (Seeking work and NILFET) of early school leavers, by SA4, Queensland 2015 ...... 89 Table 9.1: Main destination of early school leavers, by Indigenous status, Queensland 2015 ...... 92 Table 9.2: Main destination of Indigenous early school leavers, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 93 Table 9.3: Main destination of Indigenous early school leavers, by South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, Queensland 2015 ...... 94 Table 9.4: Response rates of Indigeneous early school leavers, 2007–2015 ...... 95 Table 9.5: Level of study of Indigenous early school leavers in education or training, Queensland 2015 ...... 96 Table 9.6: Occupational Sub-Major Group of Indigenous early school leavers in employment, Queensland 2015 97 Table 9.7: Industry category of Indigenous early school leavers in employment, Queensland 2015 ...... 97 Table 9.8: Hours worked per week of Indigenous early school leavers in employment, by sex, Queensland 2015 98 Table 9.9: Main destination of early school leavers, by language background, Queensland 2015 ...... 99 Table 9.10: Selected key characteristics of early school leavers, by socioeconomic status, Queensland 2015 .... 100 Table 9.11: Main destination of early school leavers, by socioeconomic status, Queensland 2015 ...... 101 Table 9.12: Main reason for not studying of early school leavers, by socioeconomic status, Queensland 2015 ... 102

List of figures Figure 1.1: Reasons for leaving school of early school leavers, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 4 Figure 1.2: Main destination of early school leavers, Queensland 2015 ...... 5 Figure 1.3: Main destination of early school leavers, Queensland 2007–2015 ...... 6 Figure 2.1: Main destination of early school leavers, Queensland 2015 ...... 12 Figure 2.2: Main destination of early school leavers, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 13 Figure 2.3: Main destination of early school leavers, by year level, Queensland 2015 ...... 13 Figure 2.4: Main destination of early school leavers, by South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, Queensland 2015 ...... 14 Figure 2.5: Study and labour force destination of early school leavers, Queensland 2015...... 16 Figure 2.6: Study and labour force destination of early school leavers from Year 10, Queensland 2015 ...... 16 Figure 2.7: Study and labour force destination of early school leavers from Year 11, Queensland 2015 ...... 16 Figure 2.8: Study and labour force destination of early school leavers from Year 12, Queensland 2015 ...... 17 Figure 3.1: Main destination of early school leavers, Queensland 2007–2015 ...... 19 Figure 3.2: Main destination of male early school leavers, Queensland 2011–2015 ...... 20 Figure 3.3: Main destination of female early school leavers, Queensland 2011–2015 ...... 20 Figure 3.4: Main destination of early school leavers from Year 10, Queensland 2011–2015 ...... 21 Figure 3.5: Main destination of early school leavers from Year 11, Queensland 2011–2015 ...... 21 Figure 3.6: Main destination of early school leavers from Year 12, Queensland 2011–2015 ...... 22 Figure 3.7: Work and study load of early school leavers, Queensland 2011–2015 ...... 22 Figure 3.8: Field of study of early school leavers in education or training, Queensland 2011–2015 ...... 23 Figure 3.9: Level of study of early school leavers in education or training, Queensland 2011–2015 ...... 24 Figure 3.10: Labour force destination of early school leavers, Queensland 2011–2015 ...... 24 Figure 3.11: Occupational Major Group of male early school leavers in employment, Queensland 2013–2015 ...... 25 Figure 3.12: Occupational Major Group of female early school leavers in employment, Queensland 2013–2015 .... 25 Figure 3.13: Selected industries of male early school leavers in employment, Queensland 2011–2015 ...... 26 Figure 3.14: Selected industries of female early school leavers in employment, Queensland 2011–2015 ...... 26 Figure 4.1: Level of study of early school leavers in education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 29 Figure 4.2: Level of study of early school leavers in education or training, by year level, Queensland 2015 ...... 30 Figure 4.3: Field of study of early school leavers in education or training, Queensland 2015 ...... 31 Figure 4.4: Field of study of early school leavers in education or training, by year level, Queensland 2015 ...... 32 Figure 4.5: Level of study of working and non-working early school leavers in education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 36

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Figure 4.6: Level of study of working and non-working early school leavers in education or training, by year level, Queensland 2015 ...... 36 Figure 5.1: Work destination of early school leavers in employment, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 40 Figure 5.2: Work destination of early school leavers in employment, by year level, Queensland 2015 ...... 40 Figure 5.3: Occupational Major Group of early school leavers in employment, by employment type, Queensland 2015...... 42 Figure 5.4: Industry category of early school leavers in employment, by employment type, Queensland 2015 ...... 45 Figure 5.5: Occupational Major Group of early school leavers in employment, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 45 Figure 5.6: Industry category of early school leavers in employment, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 47 Figure 5.7: Sex, workload and study status of early school leavers in employment, by employment type, Queensland 2015 ...... 49 Figure 5.8: Early school leavers in casual employment as a proportion of all early school leavers in workload, by year level, Queensland 2015 ...... 49 Figure 5.9: Hours worked by early school leavers in employment and not in education or training, by year level, Queensland 2015 ...... 53 Figure 6.1: Level of study of early school leavers in education or training, by student type, Queensland 2015 ...... 59 Figure 6.2: Field of study of early school leavers in education or training, by student type, Queensland 2015 ...... 60 Figure 6.3: Selected industry categories of early school leavers in apprenticeships or traineeships, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 64 Figure 6.4: Hours worked per week by early school leavers in employment, by study destination, Queensland 2015...... 65 Figure 7.1: Main destination of early school leavers not in education or training, by year level, Queensland 2015 69 Figure 7.2: Reasons for not studying of early school leavers not in education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015...... 69 Figure 7.3: Main reason for not studying of early school leavers not in education or training, by year level, Queensland 2015 ...... 71 Figure 7.4: Proportion of early school leavers not studying and not employed seeking work in selected industry catagories, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 73 Figure 7.5: Main reason for not studying of early school leavers not in the labour force, education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 75 Figure 7.6: Main reason for not seeking work of early school leavers not in the labour force, education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015...... 75 Figure 7.7: Main reason for not studying of early school leavers not in the labour force, education or training, South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, Queensland 2015 ...... 76 Figure 7.8: Main reason for not seeking work of early school leavers not in the labour force, education or training, South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, Queensland 2015 ...... 76 Figure 7.9: Main reason for not studying of early school leavers not in the labour force, education or training, by year level, Queensland 2015 ...... 77 Figure 7.10: Main reason for not seeking work of early school leavers not in the labour force, education or training, by year level, Queensland 2015 ...... 77 Figure 8.1: Main destination of early school leavers, by South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, Queensland 2015 ...... 80 Figure 8.2: Main destination of early school leavers, by South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 80 Figure 8.3: Main destination of early school leavers from South East Queensland, by year level, Queensland 2015...... 81 Figure 8.4: Main destination of early school leavers from Regional Queensland, by year level, Queensland 2015 81 Figure 8.5: Main destination of early school leavers, by SCSEEC zone, Queensland 2015 ...... 84 Figure 8.6: Proportion of early school leavers in post-school education, training or employment, by SA4, Queensland 2015 ...... 85 Figure 9.1: Main destination of Indigenous early school leavers, Queensland 2015 ...... 91 Figure 9.2: Main destination of early school leavers, by Indigenous status, Queensland 2015 ...... 92 Figure 9.3: Main destination of Indigenous early school leavers, by sex, Queensland 2015 ...... 93 Figure 9.4: Main destination of Indigenous early school leavers, by year level, Queensland 2015 ...... 94 Figure 9.5: Main destination of Indigenous early school leavers, Queensland 2007–2015 ...... 95 Figure 9.6: Field of study of Indigenous early school leavers in education or training, Queensland 2015 ...... 96 Figure 9.7: Hours worked per week of Indigenous early school leavers in employment, by sex, Queensland 2015 98 Figure 9.8: Main destination of early school leavers, by language background, Queensland 2015 ...... 99 Figure 9.9: Main destination of early school leavers, by socioeconomic status, Queensland 2015 ...... 101 Figure 9.10: Main destination of early school leavers in the lowest SES quartile, Queensland 2008–2015...... 103

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Photograph acknowledgements Page iii: © The State of Queensland. Page xii: Queensland Treasury and Trade. © The State of Queensland. Page 1: Aerial of Surfers Paradise and Q1. Image courtesy of Tourism Queensland. Photographer: Murray Waite & Assoc. © Courtesy of Tourism Queensland. Page 1: Rockhampton. Photographer: Ray Cash Photography © The State of Queensland. Page 2: © The State of Queensland. Page 3: Smart Service Queensland, Dandiiri Contact Centre, Zillmere. Photographer: Michael Marston. © The State of Queensland. Page 7: Positive promotion of healthy Queensland lifestyles. Photographer: Ray Cash © The State of Queensland. Page 8: Photography by MWAViewfinder.com.au. © The State of Queensland. Page 9: Images supplied courtesy of Queensland Health 2008. © The State of Queensland. Page 10: Photo: Michael Marston. © The State of Queensland. Page 11: Queensland Q150 Proclamation Day. Photographer: Michael Marston. © The State of Queensland. Page 18: The success of Australian Aerospace as a leading supplier of civil and military helicopters and aerospace services, including fixed-wing military maintenance and support, has contributed towards Queensland being a centre for the Australian aerospace industry, rotary wing (helicopter) industry, aviation training services and general aviation industry, and a hub for research and development of emerging aviation technologies. Photographer: Michael Marston. © The State of Queensland. Page 19: Photographer: Honey Atkinson. © The State of Queensland. Page 27: Crops, Mossman, Tropical North Queensland. Photographer: Darren Jew © Courtesy of Tourism Queensland. Page 38: © The State of Queensland. Page 39: © The State of Queensland. Page 57: Photography by MWAViewfinder.com.au. © The State of Queensland. Page 66: © The State of Queensland. Page 67: Friday Island Pearl Farm, Torres Strait, Tropical North Queensland. Photographer: Darren Jew © Courtesy of Tourism Queensland. Page 78: Photo by MWA Viewfinder 2/10 Olympic Cct, Southport, 4215 (07) 5528 0200. © The State of Queensland. Page 79: Photography by MWAViewfinder.com.au. © The State of Queensland. Page 90: The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, offers programs in agribusiness, agriculture, animal studies, environmental management and horticulture. © The State of Queensland. Page 91: Barrier Reef Institute of TAFE, Townsville. Photo by Ray Cash Photography © The State of Queensland. Page 104: Photography by MWAViewfinder.com.au. © The State of Queensland. Page 105: © Ray Cash Photography.

Although no offence is intended, the publication may contain images that cause distress.

viii Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Glossary ABS Australian Bureau of Statistics—the central statistical authority for the Australian Government. The ABS provides the official national source of statistics for use by the government and the community. ANZSCO Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations—a hierarchical occupation classification which is used in the collection and dissemination of official statistics. ANZSCO assigns individuals to an occupation based on the set of tasks that they perform for an employer.

ANZSIC Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification—a hierarchical industry classification which is used in the collection and dissemination of official statistics. ANZSIC assigns businesses to an industry based on their predominant activities. Apprenticeship A legally-binding training arrangement between an employer and an apprentice that combines structured training with paid employment. Apprenticeships usually take four years to complete, with training taking place both at the workplace and with a training organisation. ARIA Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia—measures remoteness in terms of road distance measurements from over 12 000 populated localities to the nearest service centres in five categories based on population size. ASCED Australian Standard Classification of Education—a classification, defined by the ABS, which is used in the collection and dissemination of official statistics. ASCED comprises two component classifications, Level of Education and Field of Education. ASGS Australian Statistical Geography Standard—a hierarchical geographical classification, defined by the ABS, which is used in the collection and dissemination of official statistics. The ASGS provides a common framework of statistical geography and thereby enables the production of statistics which are comparable and can be spatially integrated. Campus-based Refers to Bachelor Degree and Campus-based VET study; including study study undertaken externally or online.

Campus-based VET courses where the study or training is predominantly undertaken at a study VET institution such as a TAFE. Included in this category are VET certificate levels I–IV, diplomas, advanced diplomas and associate degrees. CATI Computer-assisted telephone interviewing—a type of telephone interviewing in which the interviewer keys answers to questions as they are received onto a data entry keyboard. Casual work Casual workers do not have permanency or paid leave entitlements (such as sick leave and holiday leave). They usually receive a higher rate of pay to compensate for this. DET Department of Education and Training Education Formerly the Standing Council on School Education and Early Childhood. A body Council comprising state, territory and Australian government and New Zealand ministers with responsibility for school education and early childhood development, with Papua New Guinea, Norfolk Island and East Timor having observer status. Education A geographic classification based on type of population centre, size of population and Council zones ARIA score.

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 ix

Employment- VET courses where the study or training is undertaken in conjunction with an based VET apprenticeship or traineeship. Full-time The ABS definition of an employed person who usually works 35 hours or more a employment week (in all jobs). Indigenous Refers to people who identify themselves as being of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin. Labour force Refers to people who are either working or looking for work. Main A structured grouping of young people which outlines their main study and labour destination market destinations. Young people were grouped as follows: • students were assigned to the education categories regardless of their labour force status • apprentices and trainees were assigned to their respective training categories • those grouped in a labour market destination (employed or seeking work) were not in education or training • those who were not in the labour force, education or training. See Appendix 2. nfd Not further defined.

NILF Not in the labour force—refers to people who are not working and not looking for work. NILFET Not in the labour force, education or training—refers to people who are not working, not looking for work and not undertaking any education or training. Part-time The ABS definition of an employed person who usually works less than 35 hours a employment week (in all jobs). Permanent Permanent workers are employed on an ongoing basis until the employer or work employee ends the employment relationship by providing the required period of notice. QCAA Queensland Curriculum and Assessment Authority—formerly the Queensland Studies Authority. A statutory body of the Queensland Government that provides Kindergarten to Year 12 syllabuses, guidelines, assessment, reporting, testing, accreditation and certification services for Queensland schools. QGSO Queensland Government Statistician’s Office—the Queensland Government's statistical agency, which regularly conducts surveys with individuals, households and businesses to collect official statistics about issues of interest to government and to people in Queensland. Regional Includes the ASGS SA4s of Cairns, Darling Downs - Maranoa, Fitzroy, Mackay, Queensland Queensland - Outback, Toowoomba, Townsville and Wide Bay. See Appendix 6. SA4 Statistical Area Level 4—an area which represents the largest sub-State regions in the Main Structure of the ASGS. SA4s provide the best sub-state socio-economic breakdown in the ASGS and have been designed to reflect labour markets within each State and Territory. In aggregate, SA4s cover the whole of Australia without gaps or overlaps.

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SEIFA Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas—a group of four indexes, developed by the ABS, as a way of assessing socioeconomic status across the population. SEIFA enable areas in Australia to be ranked according to four different indexes. One of these is the Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage (IRSD), which provides a method of determining and comparing levels of social and economic disadvantage in given areas at a given point in time. SES Socioeconomic status—a relative position in the community determined by occupation, income and amount of education. South East Includes the ASGS SA4s of Brisbane - East, Brisbane - North, Brisbane - South, Queensland Brisbane - West, Brisbane Inner City, Gold Coast, Ipswich, Logan - Beaudesert, Moreton Bay - North, Moreton Bay - South and Sunshine Coast. See Appendix 6. TAFE Technical and further education—a publicly funded post-secondary organisation that provides a range of technical and vocational education and training courses and other programs. Traineeship A structured training and paid employment arrangement that involves a contract between the employer and the trainee. Traineeships vary in length from 12 months to three years. VET Vocational Education and Training—post-compulsory education and training, excluding degree and higher level programs delivered by further education institutions, which provide people with occupational or work-related knowledge and skills. VET also includes programs which provide the basis for subsequent vocational programs.

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Chapter 1 – Introduction

Background The 2015 Early School Leavers report A reference group advises on the design and documents the results of the annual statewide conduct of the survey. Its members represent survey on the destinations of students who left the school sectors, principals associations, Queensland schools in Years 10, 11 or early in higher education sector and the Queensland Year 12 during 2014. The survey results show Curriculum and Assessment Authority (QCAA). the initial study and work destinations of young people after leaving school. Survey methodology

The Early School Leavers survey is conducted The 2015 Early School Leavers survey was in order to inform understanding of: conducted by the Department of Education and Training (DET) through the Queensland • the degree to which ‘early school leaving’ Government Statistician’s Office (QGSO), in is occurring in schools accordance with the provisions of the Statistical Returns Act 1896 (Qld). • ‘early school leaving’ across Years 10, 11 and 12 The survey targeted students who exited schools in Queensland during 2014. More • the options taken by students leaving specifically, it targeted students who left in school before completing Year 12 Years 10, 11, or early in Year 12 and who did • the potential policy responses as they not continue secondary studies at a affect the transition from school to further government or non-government school. The study and employment for students, survey was conducted between July and especially in the senior years of schooling. August 2015.

For the purpose of the survey, early school leavers were identified through administrative records maintained by the QCAA and supplemented by departmental enrolment records. This list of early school leavers was then provided to the QGSO.

The survey follows the destinations of students who left government, Catholic, independent schools and TAFE secondary colleges, and who did not continue secondary studies at a government or non-government school.

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 1 To represent more closely the group of Comparisons with data from previous Early students that are of interest in a policy context, School Leavers surveys should be considered young people in the following categories were with this in mind and be used with caution. removed from the list before it was provided to the QGSO:

• students whose records indicated they had moved interstate or overseas

• early school leavers who had returned to a secondary school at the time of the survey

• students over the age of 18 on 1 January 2015.

Responses were predominantly collected via computer-assisted telephone interviewing Terminology (CATI). All students were also offered the opportunity to complete an online survey. The group of young people who left Students for whom telephone details were not Queensland schools in Years 10, 11, or early in available were invited to participate in the Year 12 in 2014, and responded to the survey, survey online or by calling the QGSO. The are referred to as early school leavers average time to complete the survey by CATI throughout this report. was five minutes. Effects of rounding Prior to the survey, all identified early school leavers with a usable address were sent a Percentages in this report have been rounded letter from the Minister for Education advising to one decimal point and so discrepancies may them of the survey. occur between the sum of component items and their totals. At the close of the survey, all non-responding students for whom telephone numbers were Data editing available had received six attempts at contact. Data editing was performed throughout data A total of 5500 completed surveys were entry and after the survey closed. Examples of received. Of these, 5129 were collected by data editing include checking the data for CATI and 371 via a web survey (6.7 per cent of invalid entries (e.g. entries which were out of all responses). The overall response rate was range), as well as checking the accuracy of 52.2 per cent. data which was manually entered.

The first question of the survey asked young Profile of early school leavers people if they had returned to secondary school. Those who indicated that they had The 5500 responding early school leavers had returned to secondary school took no further previously attended 379 schools and colleges. part in the survey. Table 1.1 highlights selected key characteristics of those who responded. Break in time-series The Early School Leavers survey has included early school leavers from non-government schools since 2011. The inclusion of these early school leavers and the changed methodology for constructing the survey frame has resulted in a break in the series of Early School Leavers surveys.

2 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Table 1.1: Early school leavers who Table 1.2: Response rates of early school respondend to the Early School Leavers leavers, by selected key subgroups, survey, by selected key characteristics, Queensland 2015 Queensland 2015 SURVEY YEAR SURVEY YEAR Subgroup 2015 2014 2015 2014 Characteristic % % % % Overall response rate 52.2 51.9 Male 58.9 59.7 CATI refusal rate 1.7 2.3 Female 41.1 40.3 Male 54.3 54.8 Indigenous 11.3 9.8 Female 49.6 48.0 Non-Indigenous 88.7 90.2 Indigenous students 34.3 32.8 South East Queenslanda 57.4 56.6 Non-indigenous students 55.9 55.4 Regional Queenslanda 42.6 43.4 South East Queenslanda 53.4 52.0 Year 10 16.2 16.6 Regional Queenslanda 50.7 51.7 Year 11 55.1 51.5 Government schools 53.6 53.0 Year 12 28.8 31.8 Independent schools 37.7 40.0 Aged 14 years or younger 14.8 16.5 Catholic schools 36.2 42.9 Aged 15 38.4 38.3 TAFE secondary colleges 50.0 56.9 Aged 16 37.3 35.4 a South East Queensland/Regional Queensland location Aged 17 or older 9.4 9.8 based on address of school attended in 2014. Government school 93.8 91.2 Catholic school 3.0 4.0 Proxies Independent school 2.6 4.2 The survey methodology allowed for responses TAFE secondary college 0.6 0.6 to be provided by a proxy. Allowable proxies a South East Queensland/Regional Queensland location included parents, siblings and other household based on address of school attended in 2014. members able to respond on behalf of the respondent. Proxy responses represented 44.8 per cent of all responses. The circumstances where responses from proxies could be obtained were:

• if the respondent was away for the duration of the survey and/or interviewers were told by the contact that the respondent was unlikely to be contactable, then interviewers were to interview the proxy immediately. • if interviewers were told by the contact that Response rates the respondent was unable to be There were 10 530 young people who were interviewed because of a disability or ill identified as being in-scope for the 2015 Early health, then interviewers were to interview School Leavers survey. Table 1.2 shows the the proxy immediately. response rate received for the survey overall • from the third attempted contact onwards, and for various subgroups. if the respondent was unavailable, proxies could be used. The survey CATI refusal rate of 1.7 per cent is considered low for a telephone survey. The It is possible that some answers supplied by refusal rate for respondents who didn’t have a proxies may be different to what would have known telephone contact is unknown. been stated by the young persons themselves. Therefore, it should be noted that although it is estimated that this error is small, its impact has not been quantified.

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 3

Summary of findings

Reasons for leaving school Early school leavers were asked to provide Early school leavers were also asked to reasons for why they left school, as shown in indicate the single most important reason for Figure 1.1. As early school leavers were able to leaving school, which is shown in Table 1.3. select more than one reason, this figure may include multiple responses from each person.

Figure 1.1: Reasons for leaving school of early school leavers, by sex, Queensland 2015

Did not like school

To get a job/apprenticeship

Behaviour of other students disrupted my study

Study options did not meet my needs

Asked to leave by school

Health reasons

Difficult academically

Did not like the teaching staff

Did not like the way the school was managed

Moved away/to a new area

Family commitments–excluding pregnancy/parenting

Felt I would have access to better resources

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Male Female %

Table 1.3: Main reason for leaving school of early school leavers, by sex, Queensland 2015 SEX Main reason Male Female Total no. % no. % no. % To get a job/apprenticeship 929 28.7 279 12.3 1 208 22.0

Did not like school 637 19.7 494 21.8 1 131 20.6

Asked to leave by school 392 12.1 126 5.6 518 9.4

Behaviour of other students disrupted my study 172 5.3 339 15.0 511 9.3

Health reasons 189 5.8 261 11.5 450 8.2

Study options did not meet my needs 232 7.2 188 8.3 420 7.6

Difficult academically 220 6.8 121 5.3 341 6.2

Did not like the teaching staff 110 3.4 41 1.8 151 2.7

Moved away/to a new area 68 2.1 53 2.3 121 2.2

Family commitments–excluding 46 1.4 69 3.1 115 2.1 pregnancy/parenting Did not like the way the school was managed 58 1.8 44 1.9 102 1.9

Felt I would have access to better resources 29 0.9 37 1.6 66 1.2

Disability 40 1.2 20 0.9 60 1.1

Pregnancy 0 0.0 54 2.4 54 1.0

Family commitments–parenting own child 9 0.3 29 1.3 38 0.7

Parents made me leave school 10 0.3 5 0.2 15 0.3

Other 97 3.0 102 4.5 199 3.6

Total 3 238 100.0 2 262 100.0 5 500 100.0

4 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Main destination As many young people were combining The summary of findings presented in Figure education and employment, all early school 1.2 highlights: leavers were categorised into their main destination, be it education, training or • the majority of early school leavers (65.1 employment. per cent) were studying or in paid employment at the time of the survey To achieve this categorisation, early school leavers were grouped in a structured manner, • further study was being undertaken by as outlined in Appendix 2 of the report. In 37.0 per cent of early school leavers in the particular: year after they had left school • • students were assigned to the education students undertaking campus-based VET categories regardless of their labour force programs accounted for 17.5 per cent of all status (that is, they may have also been early school leavers employed or seeking work) • employment-based training accounted for • apprentices and trainees were assigned to 16.7 per cent of early school leavers, either these training categories rather than any of in apprenticeships (13.9 per cent) or the VET categories, but it is a given that traineeships (2.8 per cent) their training involves study either in a VET • a further 28.1 per cent of early school location or with their employer leavers were not participating in education • those grouped in a labour market or training but had entered employment, destination (employed or seeking work) with 12.5 per cent employed full-time and were not in education or training 15.6 per cent employed part-time

• there was also a small group who were not • the remaining 34.9 per cent of early school in the labour force (that is, not employed leavers were either seeking work (25.4 per and not seeking work), education or cent) or not in the labour force, education training. This group is referred to as or training (9.5 per cent). NILFET throughout the tables and figures of this report.

Figure 1.2: Main destination of early school leavers, Queensland 2015

9.5% VET Categories

25.4% Bachelor Degree (0.7%) 7.3% VET Cert IV+ (7.3%) VET Cert III (6.3%) 6.3% VET Cert I–II/other (3.9%) 3.9% Apprenticeship (13.9%) 34.3% Traineeship (2.8%) Secondary study (2.0%) 13.9% Full-time employment (12.5%) Part-time employment (15.6%) 15.6% 2.8% Seeking work (25.4%) NILFET (9.5%) 0.7% 12.5% 2.0%

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 5

Figure 1.3 compares the main destinations of survey methodology constituted a break in the early school leavers in 2015 with early school time-series and subsequently the data should leavers surveyed previously. It should be noted be interpreted in this context. Care should also that the 2011 survey was the first year to be taken when interpreting these results due to include early school leavers from the varying response rates achieved across the non-government schools. This change in years.

Figure 1.3: Main destination of early school leavers, Queensland 2007–2015

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Education and training destinations The survey also showed that 62.9 per cent of early school leavers in education or training The survey shows that 36.6 per cent of early combine their study with some form of school leavers continued in some form of employment. education or training in the year after they left school. Most of these students were studying Employment destinations part-time (68.2 per cent). Of those in education or training, 44.7 per cent were undertaking an Most early school leavers enter the workforce, apprenticeship or traineeship, and were whether or not they undertake further education combining work with training. or training. Ignoring education or training status, 2834 early school leavers (51.5 per The most common fields of study for cent) were working at the time of the survey. campus-based students were Food, Hospitality and Personal Services, and Management and Of these early school leavers, 40.3 per cent Commerce. Apprentices were mainly enrolled were in part-time employment, while 27.2 per in Engineering and Related Technologies (41.4 cent were employed full-time. A further 27.1 per per cent), while trainees were studying cent were completing an apprenticeship and Management and Commerce (29.9 per cent), 5.4 per cent were undertaking a traineeship. and Food, Hospitality and Personal Services The most frequent occupational group for male (26.4 per cent). early school leavers who were not in an Private training colleges were the largest apprenticeship or traineeship was Labourers providers of study for campus-based students (50.1 per cent). Common occupations within (45.6 per cent), while TAFEs were the largest this group included Other Miscellaneous providers of study to apprentices and trainees Labourers, Kitchenhands, and Building and (51.7 per cent). Plumbing Labourers.

6 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

For females who were not in apprenticeships or Of those who were not in the labour force, traineeships, the most frequent occupational education or training, the main reason given for group was Sales Workers (46.5 per cent). not continuing in study for males was ‘Heath Sales Assistants (General), and Checkout reasons’ (18.3 per cent). For females, the main Operators and Office Cashiers were common reason for not studying was ‘Family occupations within this group. commitments–parenting own child’ (28.5 per cent). The most frequent occupational group for apprentices was Technicians and Trades This closely resembles the main reasons given Workers (95.4 per cent), which includes for not seeking work by early school leavers occupations such as Motor Mechanics, who were not in the labour force, education or Carpenters and Joiners and Hairdressers. training. Males cited ‘Heath reasons’ (26.4 per cent), while females cited ‘Family commitments Occupational groups for trainees were more –parenting own child’ (33.0 per cent). diverse and the most frequent was Labourers (22.9 per cent). This most common occupation Destinations by sex was Fast Food Cooks. There were differences in the destinations of The Construction industry employed the largest males and females. In particular: proportion of early school leavers who were • females were more likely than males to apprentices (37.8 per cent each). Most trainees enrol in campus-based VET programs were employed in the Accommodation and (26.6 per cent compared to 11.2 per cent) Food Services industry (34.0 per cent). • females in campus-based study were more Excluding apprentices and trainees, 67.9 per likely than males to study in the fields of cent of early school leavers in employment Food, Hospitality and Personal Services were working on a casual basis. and Society and Culture.

• males were more likely than females to enter an apprenticeship (20.1 per cent compared to 5.1 per cent)

• males undertaking an apprenticeship or traineeship were more likely than females to study in the fields of Engineering and Related Technologies and Architecture and Building

• among those working and not in education or training, females were more likely than Not studying or employed males to be working part-time (67.8 per The survey identified 25.4 per cent of early cent compared to 47.5 per cent) school leavers were not studying, but were • the most common occupation for females seeking work. not in education or training was Sales A further 9.5 per cent of early school leavers Assistants and Salespersons (29.9 per were not in the labour force, education or cent) training. This group could include young people • for males not in education or training, with family commitments, a disability or health Miscellaneous Labourers (12.5 per cent), condition, and those who were waiting for their and Construction and Mining Labourers course to commence. (11.6 per cent) were common occupations.

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 7

Destinations by year level As a result, there is an increased risk that Indigenous responders may have different The survey identified differences in the destination patterns to the entire Indigenous destinations of early school leavers from early school leaver population. It is not possible different year levels. In particular: to quantify the degree of bias. • early school leavers from Years 10 and 11 were more likely to continue study (38.0 and 39.3 per cent respectively) compared to those from Year 12 (32.0 per cent)

• among those who entered campus-based education or training, early school leavers from Year 10 were more likely to be undertaking Secondary study at a non- secondary school (19.9 per cent) compared to those in Years 11 and 12 (9.6

per cent and 4.2 per cent respectively) There were 44.9 per cent of Indigenous early • early school leavers from Year 12 were school leavers in education, training or more likely to be working and not employment at the time of the survey, with the undertaking further study (31.0 per cent) most common destination being part-time compared to early school leavers from employment (9.5 per cent). The remaining 55.1 Years 10 and 11 (26.4 per cent and 27.1 per cent of Indigenous early school leavers per cent). were either seeking work (39.3 per cent) or not in the labour force education or training (15.8 Destinations by geographic location per cent). Post-school destinations varied across geographic locations. While 65.1 per cent of Male Indigenous early school leavers were early school leavers from Queensland were in more likely to be undertaking an apprenticeship education, training or employment, this varied or in employment with no further education or across the state. Brisbane - East (72.9 per training (7.7 per cent and 22.6 per cent cent) had the largest proportion of early school respectively) than their female counterparts leavers in education, training or employment, (0.7 per cent and 13.8 per cent respectively). whereas Ipswich (53.6 per cent) had the lowest Female Indigenous early school leavers were proportion. more likely to be undertaking a campus-based Early school leavers from Regional Queensland VET study than their male counterparts (26.1 were more likely to be undertaking an per cent compared to 8.9 per cent). apprenticeship than their South East Destinations by socioeconomic status Queensland peers (15.9 per cent compared to 12.5 per cent). The socioeconomic status of early school leavers showed a relationship with their post- Early school leavers from remote areas were school destinations. the most likely to be undertaking full-time employment (20.8 per cent) or be not in the Transition to post-school education and training labour force, education or training (12.5 per tended to rise as SES quartile increased from cent). 33.5 per cent in the lowest SES quartile to 45.3 per cent in the highest SES quartile. Destinations by Indigenous status The proportion of early school leavers who Care should be taken when comparing findings were either seeking work or not in the labour about the destinations of Indigenous early force, education or training tended to decrease school leavers. Indigenous persons had with increasing SES (41.3 per cent in the substantially lower contact rates, and hence lowest SES quartile to 27.5 per cent in the response rates, compared to other groups of highest SES quartile). early school leavers.

8 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Conclusion The survey found that the majority of young Immediate post-school status gives only a Queenslanders who left school in Years 10, 11 partial view of the experiences of young people or early in Year 12 during 2014 were engaged after leaving school, as it can take several in study or employment at the time of the years for stable patterns to emerge as young survey. people move between different types of education, training and work.

It is also important to note that the post-school destinations of young people can be influenced by a number of factors such as general economic conditions.

The Early School Leavers Longitudinal study has tracked a cohort of early school leavers from 2010 who participated in the 2011 Early School Leavers survey for four years. This study is providing a greater understanding of the longer term outcomes for Queensland’s The 9 years of data collected highlight broader early school leavers. macroeconomic pressures for our early school leavers. This trend in findings aligns to that More information on the Early School Leavers identified in the Next Step survey for Year 12 survey, and the departments other post-school completers. destination surveys are available at http://education.qld.gov.au/nextstep/ The findings suggest a lower likelihood of engagement in work or study for students contemplating leaving school prior to completing Year 12 and without specific ideas and aspirations for work or study.

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 9

Chapter 2 – Main destinations of early school leavers

This chapter outlines the main study and labour market destinations of students who exited the Queensland school system in 2014 prior to the completion of Year 12.

Main destination As many young people were combining In particular: education and employment, all early school • leavers have been categorised into their main students were assigned to the education destination, be it education, training or categories regardless of their labour force employment. status (that is, they may also have been employed or seeking work) This recognises the important distinction • apprentices and trainees were assigned to between young people who combine these training categories rather than any of employment with education and those who the VET categories, but it is a given that work because they have followed a labour their training involves study either in a VET market destination. It also makes the crucial location or with their employer distinction between someone who is a student and looking for work and someone who is not a • those grouped in a labour market student and seeking work. destination (employed or seeking work) were not in education or training Similarly, it recognises the distinction between young people who have entered a training • there was also a small group who were not contract with their employer (apprentices and in the labour force (that is, not employed trainees) and those who are students with no and not seeking work), education or such contract. training. This group is referred to as NILFET throughout the tables and figures To achieve this categorisation, early school of this report. leavers were grouped in a structured manner, Therefore, all employment categories in this as outlined in Appendix 2. chapter refer only to those young people working who were not in education or training.

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 11

Figure 2.1 illustrates the main destination of the 5888 early school leavers from 2014 who participated in the 2015 Early School Leavers survey.

Figure 2.1: Main destination of early school leavers, Queensland 2015

9.5% VET Categories

Main destination by sex Differences between male and female respondents were evident in the main destination of early school leavers as shown in Table 2.1 and Figure 2.2.

Table 2.1: Main destination of early school leavers, by sex, Queensland 2015 SEX Main destination Male Female Total no. % no. % no. % Bachelor Degree 15 0.5 24 1.1 39 0.7

VET

VET Cert IV+ 131 4.0 269 11.9 400 7.3

VET Cert III 123 3.8 225 9.9 348 6.3

VET Cert I–II/other 109 3.4 107 4.7 216 3.9

Apprenticeship 652 20.1 115 5.1 767 13.9

Traineeship 70 2.2 83 3.7 153 2.8

VET Total 1 085 33.5 799 35.3 1 884 34.3

Secondary study 60 1.9 50 2.2 110 2.0

Work

Full-time employment 495 15.3 195 8.6 690 12.5

Part-time employment 447 13.8 410 18.1 857 15.6

Work Total 942 29.1 605 26.7 1 547 28.1

Seeking work 885 27.3 510 22.5 1 395 25.4

NILFET 251 7.8 274 12.1 525 9.5

Total 3 238 100.0 2 262 100.0 5 500 100.0

12 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Figure 2.2: Main destination of early school leavers, by sex, Queensland 2015

% 10

Male Female

Main destination by year level Figure 2.3 illustrates the main destination of early school leavers by the year level at which they left the Queensland schooling system.

Figure 2.3: Main destination of early school leavers, by year level, Queensland 2015

% 15

Year 10 Year 11 Year 12

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 13

Main destination by age group Table 2.2 shows the main destination of early school leavers by their age group as at 1 January 2014.

Table 2.2: Main destination of early school leavers, by age group, Queensland 2015 AGE GROUP 14 years of age 17 years of age Main destination 15 years of age 16 years of age or younger or older no. % no. % no. % no. % Bachelor Degree 1 0.1 8 0.4 20 1.0 10 1.9

VET

VET Cert IV+ 45 5.5 158 7.5 161 7.8 36 6.9

VET Cert III 66 8.1 136 6.4 124 6.0 22 4.2

VET Cert I–II/other 33 4.1 86 4.1 76 3.7 21 4.0

Apprenticeship 122 15.0 344 16.3 252 12.3 49 9.4

Traineeship 28 3.4 61 2.9 50 2.4 14 2.7

VET Total 294 36.1 785 37.2 663 32.3 142 27.4

Secondary study 30 3.7 42 2.0 32 1.6 6 1.2

Work

Full-time employment 93 11.4 246 11.6 265 12.9 86 16.6

Part-time employment 133 16.3 325 15.4 322 15.7 77 14.8

Work Total 226 27.8 571 27.0 587 28.6 163 31.4

Seeking work 190 23.3 506 23.9 565 27.5 134 25.8

NILFET 73 9.0 201 9.5 187 9.1 64 12.3

Total 814 100.0 2 113 100.0 2 054 100.0 519 100.0

Main destination by South East Queensland/Regional Queensland There were differences between the main destinations of early school leavers from 2014 based on the area where they attended school. Figure 2.4 highlights the differences in the destinations of early school leavers who attended school in South East Queensland with those who attended school in Regional Queensland. Chapter 8 provides more details on regional differences in post-school destinations.

Figure 2.4: Main destination of early school leavers, by South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, Queensland 2015

South East Queensland Regional Queensland

14 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Main destination by Indigenous status Table 2.3 presents the main destination of Indigenous and non-Indigenous early school leavers from 2014. More details on the destinations of Indigenous early school leavers are contained in Chapter 9.

Table 2.3: Main destination of early school leavers, by Indigenous status, Queensland 2015 INDIGENOUS STATUS Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total Main destination no. % no. % no. % Bachelor Degree 0 0.0 39 0.8 39 0.7

VET

VET Cert IV+ 37 6.0 363 7.4 400 7.3

VET Cert III 40 6.5 308 6.3 348 6.3

VET Cert I–II/other 27 4.4 189 3.9 216 3.9

Apprenticeship 28 4.5 739 15.1 767 13.9

Traineeship 15 2.4 138 2.8 153 2.8

VET Total 147 23.7 1 737 35.6 1 884 34.3

Secondary study 16 2.6 94 1.9 110 2.0

Work

Full-time employment 57 9.2 633 13.0 690 12.5

Part-time employment 58 9.4 799 16.4 857 15.6

Work Total 115 18.6 1 432 29.3 1 547 28.1

Seeking work 243 39.3 1 152 23.6 1 395 25.4

NILFET 98 15.8 427 8.7 525 9.5

Total 619 100.0 4 881 100.0 5 500 100.0

Education and employment destinations Table 2.4 presents the study level and labour market destinations of early school leavers. This breakdown provides a more detailed picture than the main destination information previously presented. For example, VET Certificate III students are subdivided into their labour market destinations; be it working (including apprentices and trainees), seeking work or not in the labour force (NILF).

Table 2.4: Study and labour force destination of early school leavers, Queensland 2015 LABOUR FORCE DESTINATION Full-time Part-time Seeking Apprenticeship Traineeship NILF Total Study destination employment employment work % % % % % % % Advanced Diploma or higher 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.8 2.1 0.9 Diploma 1.6 3.9 3.4 8.6 5.8 11.0 6.2 VET Certificate IV 3.4 5.9 1.4 1.7 0.7 2.3 1.8 VET Certificate III 81.7 55.6 3.8 7.6 7.5 11.3 19.3 VET Certificate I–II 2.0 13.1 0.4 1.9 3.1 3.7 2.7 Secondary study 0.1 0.7 0.8 1.7 2.0 5.5 2.0 Other 9.8 15.0 0.6 1.9 2.4 3.7 3.7 Not studying 1.4 5.9 89.6 74.9 77.6 60.4 63.4

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 15

Figure 2.5 presents the same data as Table 2.4, but with proportions of each labour force destination within each level of study.

Figure 2.5: Study and labour force destination of early school leavers, Queensland 2015

% 30

0 Adv Dip Diploma VET VET VET Secondary Other/ Not or higher Cert IV Cert III Cert I–II study unspecified studying

Apprenticeship Traineeship Full-time employment Part-time employment Seeking work NILF

Figures 2.6, 2.7 and 2.8 provide a picture of study level and labour market destinations of early school leavers who exited Queensland schools by year level.

Figure 2.6: Study and labour force destination of early school leavers from Year 10, Queensland 2015

% 30

0 Adv Dip Diploma VET VET VET Secondary Other/ Not or higher a Cert IV Cert III Cert I–II study unspecified studying

Apprenticeship Traineeship Full-time employment Part-time employment Seeking work NILF

a 100% of early school leavers studying Advanced Diploma are working part-time.

16 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Figure 2.7: Study and labour force destination of early school leavers from Year 11, Queensland 2015

% 30

0 Adv Dip Diploma VET VET VET Secondary Other/ Not or higher Cert IV Cert III Cert I–II study unspecified studying Apprenticeship Traineeship Full-time employment Part-time employment Seeking work NILF

Figure 2.8: Study and labour force destination of early school leavers from Year 12, Queensland 2015

% 30

0 Adv Dip Diploma VET VET VET Secondary Other/ Not or higher Cert IV Cert III Cert I–II study unspecified studying

Apprenticeship Traineeship Full-time employment Part-time employment Seeking work NILF

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 17

Chapter 3 – Destinations over time of early school leavers

This chapter provides a number of different time series of the main education and labour market indicators of students from Queensland who left school prior to the completion of Year 12.

Main destination over time Figure 3.1 presents the main destination of early school leavers in 2015 with early school leavers previously surveyed. It should be noted that the 2011 survey was the first year to include early school leavers from non-government schools. This change in survey methodology constitutes a break in the time series and subsequently the data should be interpreted in this context. Care should also be taken when interpreting these results due to the varying response rates achieved across the years.

Figure 3.1: Main destination of early school leavers, Queensland 2007–2015

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

For the remainder of this chapter, the time series will only focus on the five years following the break in the time series.

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 19

Main destination over time by sex Figures 3.2 and 3.3 compare the main destination of male and female early school leavers since 2011.

Figure 3.2: Main destination of male early school leavers, Queensland 2011–2015

% 15

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Figure 3.3: Main destination of female early school leavers, Queensland 2011–2015

% 15

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Main destination over time by year level The main destination of early school leavers based on the year level at which they left the Queensland schooling system are presented in Figures 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6.

Figure 3.4: Main destination of early school leavers from Year 10, Queensland 2011–2015

% 15

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Figure 3.5: Main destination of early school leavers from Year 11, Queensland 2011–2015

% 15

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 21

Figure 3.6: Main destination of early school leavers from Year 12, Queensland 2011–2015

% 15

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Work and study destinations over time Over the last five years the work and study loads undertaken by early school leavers, as shown in Figure 3.7, have been consistent.

Figure 3.7: Work and study load of early school leavers, Queensland 2011–2015

20 % 15

0 Full-time Full-time Full-time Part-time Part-time Part-time Not Not Not study/ study/ study/ study/ study/ study/ studying/ studying/ studying/ full-time part-time not working full-time part-time not working full-time part-time not working work work work work work work 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

22 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Education and training destinations over time

Field of study The field of study of early school leavers in education or training over the last five years is shown in Figure 3.8.

Figure 3.8: Field of study of early school leavers in education or training, Queensland 2011–2015

Food, Hospitality and Personal Services

Engineering and Related Technologies

Architecture and Building

Management and Commerce

Society and Culture

Mixed Field Programs

Health

Creative Arts

Information Technology

Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies

Education

Natural and Physical Sciences

Other

0 5 10 15 20 25 % 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 23

Level of study Figure 3.9 presents the level of study being undertaken by early school leavers in education or training over the last five years. As seen in Figure 3.1, apprenticeships are the most common education or training destination for early school leavers, and this is reflected in the high proportion of early school leavers undertaking courses at the VET Certificate III level.

Figure 3.9: Level of study of early school leavers in education or training, Queensland 2011–2015

% 30

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Employment destinations over time

Labour force destination Figure 3.10 highlights the labour force destination of early school leavers over the last five years, regardless of their education or training status.

Figure 3.10: Labour force destination of early school leavers, Queensland 2011–2015

20 %

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

24 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Occupation In 2013, the Early School Leavers survey adopted the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations to collect and report on occupation data. Appendix 5 presents the overview of the new classification.

Figures 3.11 and 3.12 show the Ocupational Major Group of early school leavers in employment, regardless of study status, over the last three years.

Figure 3.11: Occupational Major Group of male early school leavers in employment, Queensland 2013–2015

% 25

0 Technicians Labourers Sales Workers Machinery Community Clerical and Managers Professionals and Trades Operators and and Personal Administrative Workers Drivers Service Workers Workers 2013 2014 2015

Figure 3.12: Occupational Major Group of female early school leavers in employment, Queensland 2013–2015

% 25

0 Sales Workers Community Technicians Labourers Clerical and Managers Professionals Machinery and Personal and Trades Administrative Operators and Service Workers Workers Drivers Workers 2013 2014 2015

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 25

Industry of employment The top seven industries of employment for male early school leavers over the last five years are presented in Figure 3.13.

Figure 3.13: Selected industries of male early school leavers in employment, Queensland 2011–2015

% 15

0 Construction Accommodation Retail Trade Other Services Manufacturing Agriculture, Transport, and Food Forestry and Postal and Services Fishing Warehousing

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Figure 3.14 displays the top seven industries of employment for female early school leavers over the last five years.

Figure 3.14: Selected industries of female early school leavers in employment, Queensland 2011–2015

% 20

0 Accommodation Retail Trade Other Services Health Care and Agriculture, Manufacturing Arts and and Food Social Forestry and Recreation Services Assistance Fishing Services 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

26 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Chapter 4 – Education and training destinations

This chapter examines the education and training outcomes of early school leavers from Queensland schools in 2014. Initially, all early school leavers who were participating in post-school education or training are examined; the remaining sections exclude apprentices and trainees and focus on students in campus-based programs.

The chapter also explores differences between working and non-working early school leavers in order to investigate the different study choices and patterns exercised by students in different economic and social situations.

All early school leavers in education or training Table 4.1 shows that of the 5500 Early School Less than half of the 2834 early school leavers Leavers survey respondents, 2013 (36.6 per who were in employment were also studying cent) were continuing in some form of (44.7 per cent). education or training after they left school.

Table 4.1: Labour force destination of early school leavers, by study destination, Queensland 2015 STUDY DESTINATION Studying Not studying Total Labour force destination no. % no. % no. % Work Apprenticeship or traineeshipa 900 97.8 20 2.2 920 100.0

Other 367 19.2 1 547 80.8 1 914 100.0

Work Total 1 267 44.7 1 567 55.3 2 834 100.0 Seeking work 402 22.4 1 395 77.6 1 797 100.0

NILF 344 39.6 525 60.4 869 100.0

Total 2 013 36.6 3 487 63.4 5 500 100.0 a There were 20 apprentices and trainees who indicated they had already completed the study component of their program.

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 27

Table 4.2 shows the education and training destinations of early school leavers from 2014 based on whether they were studying in a full-time or part-time capacity, including apprentices and trainees.

Table 4.2: Level of study of early school leavers in education or training, by study load, Queensland 2015 STUDY LOAD

Full-time Part-time Total Level of study no. % no. % no. % Bachelor Degree 33 5.1 6 0.4 39 1.9

VET

Advanced Diploma 12 1.9 1 0.1 13 0.6

Diploma 220 34.3 122 8.9 342 17.0

VET Certificate IV 39 6.1 59 4.3 98 4.9

VET Certificate III 177 27.6 883 64.4 1 060 52.7

VET Certificate II 44 6.9 90 6.6 134 6.7

VET Certificate I 5 0.8 9 0.7 14 0.7

VET unspecified 24 3.7 106 7.7 130 6.5

VET Total 521 81.3 1 270 92.6 1 791 89.0

Secondary study Year 12 31 4.8 19 1.4 50 2.5

Year 11 17 2.7 7 0.5 24 1.2

Year 10 15 2.3 23 1.7 38 1.9

Secondary study Total 63 9.8 49 3.6 112 5.6 Other 24 3.7 47 3.4 71 3.5

Total 641 100.0 1 372 100.0 2 013 100.0

Unless stated otherwise, for the remainder of this chapter, the 920 early school leavers undertaking an apprenticeship or traineeship have been excluded from the analysis to illustrate the difference in choices for campus-based students.

28 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Education and training by sex Table 4.3 and Figure 4.1 present the study destinations of male and female early school leavers in campus-based education or training.

Table 4.3: Level of study of early school leavers in campus-based education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015 SEX Male Female Total Level of study no. % no. % no. % Bachelor Degree 15 3.4 24 3.6 39 3.5

VET

Advanced Diploma 8 1.8 5 0.7 13 1.2

Diploma 103 23.5 221 32.7 324 29.1

VET Certificate IV 20 4.6 43 6.4 63 5.7

VET Certificate III 123 28.1 225 33.3 348 31.3

VET Certificate II 59 13.5 45 6.7 104 9.3

VET Certificate I 6 1.4 3 0.4 9 0.8

VET unspecified 23 5.3 34 5.0 57 5.1

VET Total 342 78.1 576 85.3 918 82.5

Secondary study Year 12 27 6.2 22 3.3 49 4.4

Year 11 9 2.1 14 2.1 23 2.1

Year 10 24 5.5 14 2.1 38 3.4

Secondary study Total 60 13.7 50 7.4 110 9.9 Other 21 4.8 25 3.7 46 4.1

Total 438 100.0 675 100.0 1 113 100.0

Figure 4.1: Level of study of early school leavers in campus-based education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015

20 % 15

Male Female

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 29

Education and training by year level Figure 4.2 compares the study destinations of early school leavers in campus-based education or training who exited the school system during Year 10, Year 11 or before completing Year 12.

Figure 4.2: Level of study of early school leavers in campus-based education or training, by year level, Queensland 2015

% 20

Year 10 Year 11 Year 12

Study load Table 4.4 presents the level of study of early school leavers who entered campus-based education or training based on whether they were studying full-time or part-time.

Table 4.4: Level of study of early school leavers in campus-based education or training, by study load, Queensland 2015 STUDY LOAD Full-time Part-time Total Level of study no. % no. % no. % Bachelor Degree 33 5.1 6 1.3 39 3.5

VET

Advanced Diploma 12 1.9 1 0.2 13 1.2

Diploma 220 34.3 104 22.0 324 29.1

VET Certificate IV 39 6.1 24 5.1 63 5.7

VET Certificate III 177 27.6 171 36.2 348 31.3

VET Certificate II 44 6.9 60 12.7 104 9.3

VET Certificate I 5 0.8 4 0.8 9 0.8

VET unspecified 24 3.7 33 7.0 57 5.1

VET Total 521 81.3 397 84.1 918 82.5

Secondary study Year 12 31 4.8 18 3.8 49 4.4

Year 11 17 2.7 6 1.3 23 2.1

Year 10 15 2.3 23 4.9 38 3.4

Secondary study Total 63 9.8 47 10.0 110 9.9 Other 24 3.7 22 4.7 46 4.1

Total 641 100.0 472 100.0 1 113 100.0

30 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Field of study The field of study entered by early school leavers in campus-based education or training are shown in Figure 4.3. The field of study categories are based on the Australian Standard Classification of Education; Appendix 3 contains an explanation of the types of courses included in each field of study.

Figure 4.3: Field of study of early school leavers in campus-based education or training, Queensland 2015

Food, Hospitality and Personal Services

Management and Commerce

Mixed Field Programs

Society and Culture

Health

Engineering and Related Technologies

Creative Arts

Information Technology

Education

Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies

Architecture and Building

Natural and Physical Sciences

Other

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 %

Table 4.5 displays the differences in the choices of early school leavers in campus-based education or training by sex across different fields of study.

Table 4.5: Field of study of early school leavers in campus-based education and training, by sex, Queensland 2015 SEX Male Female Total Field of study no. % no. % no. % Food, Hospitality and Personal Services 39 8.9 159 23.6 198 17.8

Management and Commerce 66 15.1 129 19.1 195 17.5

Mixed Field Programs 83 18.9 67 9.9 150 13.5

Society and Culture 30 6.8 114 16.9 144 12.9

Health 19 4.3 76 11.3 95 8.5

Creative Arts 25 5.7 45 6.7 70 6.3

Engineering and Related Technologies 66 15.1 4 0.6 70 6.3

Information Technology 58 13.2 6 0.9 64 5.8

Education 7 1.6 35 5.2 42 3.8

Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies 16 3.7 18 2.7 34 3.1

Architecture and Building 11 2.5 2 0.3 13 1.2

Natural and Physical Sciences 1 0.2 7 1.0 8 0.7

Other 17 3.9 13 1.9 30 2.7

Total 438 100.0 675 100.0 1 113 100.0

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 31

Differences in the field of study chosen by early school leavers in campus-based education or training from Years 10, 11 and 12 are presented in Figure 4.4.

Figure 4.4: Field of study of early school leavers in campus-based education or training, by year level, Queensland 2015

Food, Hospitality and Personal Services

Management and Commerce

Mixed Field Programs

Society and Culture

Health

Creative Arts

Engineering and Related Technologies

Information Technology

Education

Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies

Architecture and Building

Natural and Physical Sciences

Other

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12 %

Table 4.6 explores the study fields for early school leavers in campus-based education or training in terms of the different levels of study available in these fields.

Table 4.6: Field of study of early school leavers in education or training, by level of study, Queensland 2015 LEVEL OF STUDY VET Adv Dip VET VET Secondary Diploma Cert Other or higher Cert IV Cert I–II study Field of study III % % % % % % % Food, Hospitality and Personal Services 3.8 21.9 11.1 21.3 23.0 0.0 17.5

Management and Commerce 9.6 25.6 11.1 18.1 19.5 0.0 14.6

Mixed Field Programs 5.8 0.3 15.9 1.4 4.4 100.0 15.5

Society and Culture 15.4 15.7 11.1 18.4 3.5 0.0 9.7

Health 17.3 5.9 25.4 12.4 3.5 0.0 3.9

Creative Arts 23.1 11.4 4.8 3.2 1.8 0.0 4.9

Engineering and Related Technologies 1.9 3.1 4.8 6.6 22.1 0.0 7.8

Information Technology 11.5 9.9 6.3 4.3 2.7 0.0 3.9

Education 1.9 3.4 1.6 6.6 0.0 0.0 5.8

Agriculture, Environmental and Related 0.0 0.0 4.8 4.9 9.7 0.0 2.9 Studies Architecture and Building 0.0 0.6 0.0 1.7 1.8 0.0 2.9

Natural and Physical Sciences 5.8 0.9 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0

Other 3.8 1.2 3.2 1.1 6.2 0.0 10.7

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

32 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Study provider ‘Study provider’ refers to the type of institution that students attended for their post-school study. The type of study provider attended by early school leavers from 2014 who were in campus-based education or training is presented in Table 4.7.

Table 4.7: Study provider of early school leavers in campus-based education or training, Queensland 2015 Study provider no. % Private training college 508 45.6 TAFE 424 38.1 University 62 5.6 Other 58 5.2 Adult and community education provider 43 3.9 Training provided by work 11 1.0 Agricultural college 4 0.4 Armed Forces 3 0.3

Total 1 113 100.0

On the following page, Table 4.8 presents a detailed list of post-schooling institutions attended by 2014 early school leavers who were in campus-based education or training in 2015.

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 33

Table 4.8: Post-school institutions of early school leavers in campus-based education or training, Queensland 2015 Institution type Overall Post-school institution no. % % University

University of Southern Queensland 13 21.0 1.2

University of the Sunshine Coast 10 16.1 0.9

Interstate university 7 11.3 0.6

Griffith University 6 9.7 0.5

James Cook University 6 9.7 0.5

Central Queensland University 5 8.1 0.4

Queensland University of Technology 4 6.5 0.4

The University of Queensland 4 6.5 0.4

Other/Unspecified Queensland university 4 6.5 0.4

Australian Catholic University 1 1.6 0.1

Bond University 1 1.6 0.1

Southern Cross University 1 1.6 0.1

University Total 62 100.0 5.6 TAFE

TAFE Queensland Brisbane 105 24.8 9.4

TAFE Queensland East Coast 68 16.0 6.1

TAFE Queensland North 54 12.7 4.9

TAFE Queensland South West 54 12.7 4.9

TAFE Queensland Gold Coast 42 9.9 3.8

Interstate TAFE 28 6.6 2.5

Central Queensland University (TAFE 25 5.9 2.2 program) TAFE Queensland SkillsTech 13 3.1 1.2

Other/Unspecified Queensland TAFE 35 8.3 3.1

TAFE Total 424 100.0 38.1 Other institutions

Private training college 398 63.5 35.8

Open Colleges 37 5.9 3.3

Careers Australia 31 4.9 2.8

Evocca College 28 4.5 2.5

Sarina Russo 8 1.3 0.7

Training provided by work 4 0.6 0.4

Aviation Australia 4 0.6 0.4

Fast food restaurant 3 0.5 0.3

Australian Institute of Creative Design 3 0.5 0.3

Armed Forces 3 0.5 0.3

Australian Institute of Fitness 2 0.3 0.2

SAE (Qantm College) 2 0.3 0.2

Trade training school 2 0.3 0.2

REIQ 1 0.2 0.1

MEGT 1 0.2 0.1

Other 100 15.9 9.0

Other institutions Total 627 100.0 56.3

Total 1 113 100.0

34 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Working and non-working students The labour market destinations of early school leavers are presented in detail in Chapter 5. However, this section compares aspects of the study patterns of the 367 early school leavers in campus-based education or training who were working, with those 746 early school leavers in campus-based education or training who were not working. Table 4.9 shows the proportions of these groups within each level of study.

Table 4.9: Level of study of early school leavers in campus-based education or training, by student work status (proportion within study level), Queensland 2015 STUDENT WORK STATUS Working Non-working Total Level of study student student no. % no. % no. % Advanced Diploma or higher 19 36.5 33 63.5 52 100.0

Diploma 124 38.3 200 61.7 324 100.0

VET Certificate IV 30 47.6 33 52.4 63 100.0

VET Certificate III 116 33.3 232 66.7 348 100.0

VET Certificate I–II 25 22.1 88 77.9 113 100.0

Secondary study 26 23.6 84 76.4 110 100.0

Other 27 26.2 76 73.8 103 100.0

Total 367 33.0 746 67.0 1 113 100.0

Table 4.10 presents the same numbers as Table 4.9, but with proportions of each study level within working and non-working early school leavers in campus-based education and training.

Table 4.10 : Level of study of early school leavers in campus-based education or training, by student work status (proportion within student work status), Queensland 2015 STUDENT WORK STATUS Working Non-working Total Level of study student student no. % no. % no. % Advanced Diploma or higher 19 5.2 33 4.4 52 4.7

Diploma 124 33.8 200 26.8 324 29.1

VET Certificate IV 30 8.2 33 4.4 63 5.7

VET Certificate III 116 31.6 232 31.1 348 31.3

VET Certificate I–II 25 6.8 88 11.8 113 10.2

Secondary study 26 7.1 84 11.3 110 9.9

Other 27 7.4 76 10.2 103 9.3

Total 367 100.0 746 100.0 1 113 100.0

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 35

Figure 4.5 shows the level of study patterns for male and female, working and non-working, early school leavers in campus-based education or training.

Figure 4.5: Level of study of working and non-working early school leavers in campus-based education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015

40 Working students Non-working students 35

20 % 15

Male Female

The level of study patterns for working and non-working early school leavers in campus-based education and training is presented in Figure 4.6 by the year level of exit from the school system.

Figure 4.6: Level of study of working and non-working early school leavers in campus-based education or training, by year level, Queensland 2015

50 Working students Non-working students 45

25 % 20

Year 10 Year 11 Year 12

36 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Table 4.11 compares the study load of both working and non-working early school leavers in campus- based education or training.

Table 4.11: Study load of early school leavers, by working and non-working students, Queensland 2015 STUDY LOAD Full-time Part-time Total Student work status no. % no. % no. % Working student 157 24.5 210 44.5 367 33.0

Non-working student 484 75.5 262 55.5 746 67.0

Total 641 100.0 472 100.0 1 113 100.0

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 37

Chapter 5 – Employment destinations

This chapter examines the labour market outcomes of early school leavers from 2014 in Queensland. Initially, all early school leavers who were in the work force are examined. The remaining sections focus on early school leavers who were employed by whether they were engaged on a casual or permanent basis and by whether they were undertaking further education or training. More details about the employment destinations of apprentices and trainees can be found in Chapter 6.

All early school leavers in employment Most early school leavers from Queensland Table 5.1 summarises the study and labour schools in 2014 entered the workforce, whether force destinations of early school leavers from or not they were undertaking further education 2014. Ignoring study or training status, there or training. were 2834 (51.5 per cent) early school leavers working at the time of the survey.

Table 5.1: Labour force destination of early school leavers, by study destination, Queensland 2015 STUDY DESTINATION Studying Not studying Total Labour force destination no. % no. % no. % Work Apprenticeship or traineeshipa 900 44.7 20 0.6 920 16.7

Other 367 18.2 1 547 44.4 1 914 34.8

Work Total 1 267 62.9 1 567 44.9 2 834 51.5 Seeking work 402 20.0 1 395 40.0 1 797 32.7

NILF 344 17.1 525 15.1 869 15.8

Total 2 013 100.0 3 487 100.0 5 500 100.0 a There were 20 apprentices and trainees who indicated they had already completed the study component of their program.

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 39

Figure 5.1 shows the work destination for male and female early school levers in employment.

Figure 5.1: Work destination of early school leavers in employment, by sex, Queensland 2015

% 30

0 Apprenticeship Traineeship Full-time employment Part-time employment Male Female

Figure 5.2 compares the work destination of early school leavers in employment who exited the school system during Year 10, Year 11 or early in Year 12.

Figure 5.2: Work destination of early school leavers in employment, by year level, Queensland 2015

% 20

0 Apprenticeship Traineeship Full-time employment Part-time employment

Year 10 Year 11 Year 12

40 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Table 5.2 presents a more detailed breakdown of the work destination of early school leavers in employment. The table highlights the differences in early school leavers who combine their employment with education or training with those who do not and whether early school leavers were employed in a permanent or casual capacity.

Table 5.2: Detailed work destination of early school leavers in employment, by sex, Queensland 2015 SEX Male Female Total Work destination no. % no. % no. % Apprenticeship 652 36.6 115 10.9 767 27.1

Traineeship 70 3.9 83 7.9 153 5.4

Working and not in further education or training

Permanent employment a 331 18.6 186 17.7 517 18.2 Casual employment 611 34.3 419 39.9 1 030 36.3 Working and not in further education or training total 942 52.8 605 57.6 1 547 54.6 Working and in further education or training Permanent employment a 35 2.0 63 6.0 98 3.5

Casual employment 84 4.7 185 17.6 269 9.5 Working and in further education or training total 119 6.7 248 23.6 367 12.9

Total 1 783 100.0 1 051 100.0 2 834 100.0 a Includes early school leavers for whom casual employment status was unknown.

Table 5.3 reports the occupational groups of early school leavers in employment by sex. Occupation categories are based on the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations and are presented in Appendix 5.

Table 5.3: Occupational Major Group of early school leavers in employment, by sex, Queensland 2015 SEX Male Female Total Occupation - Major Group no. % no. % no. % Technicians and Trades Workers 823 46.2 166 15.8 989 34.9

Labourers 577 32.4 130 12.4 707 24.9

Sales Workers 189 10.6 423 40.2 612 21.6

Community and Personal Service Workers 70 3.9 211 20.1 281 9.9

Clerical and Administrative Workers 12 0.7 77 7.3 89 3.1

Machinery Operators and Drivers 79 4.4 7 0.7 86 3.0

Managers 11 0.6 22 2.1 33 1.2

Professionals 8 0.4 12 1.1 20 0.7

Other 14 0.8 3 0.3 17 0.6

Total 1 783 100.0 1 051 100.0 2 834 100.0

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 41

Table 5.4 compares the occupational groups of early school leavers in employment by the year they exited the school system.

Table 5.4: Occupational Major Group of early school leavers in employment, by year level, Queensland 2015 YEAR LEVEL Year 10 Year 11 Year 12 Total Occupation - Major Group no. % no. % no. % no. % Technicians and Trades Workers 167 36.9 567 35.8 255 31.9 989 34.9

Labourers 135 29.9 372 23.5 200 25.0 707 24.9

Sales Workers 90 19.9 355 22.4 167 20.9 612 21.6

Community and Personal Service Workers 35 7.7 156 9.9 90 11.3 281 9.9

Clerical and Administrative Workers 7 1.5 48 3.0 34 4.3 89 3.1

Machinery Operators and Drivers 12 2.7 42 2.7 32 4.0 86 3.0

Managers 3 0.7 19 1.2 11 1.4 33 1.2

Professionals 1 0.2 15 0.9 4 0.5 20 0.7

Other 2 0.4 9 0.6 6 0.8 17 0.6

Total 452 100.0 1 583 100.0 799 100.0 2 834 100.0

Figure 5.3 shows the occupational groups of early school leavers in employment by the type of employment being undertaken.

Figure 5.3: Occupational Major Group of early school leavers in employment, by employment type, Queensland 2015

Technicians and Trades Workers

Labourers

Sales Workers

Community and Personal Service Workers

Clerical and Administrative Workers

Machinery Operators and Drivers

Managers

Professionals

Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Apprentice Trainee Other employment %

42 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

In addition to occupation, early school leavers provided details of the industry in which their employment was taking place. Industry categories are based on the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification, and are presented in Appendix 4. Table 5.5 details the industry categories for employed early school leavers.

Table 5.5: Industry category of early school leavers in employment, by sex, Queensland 2015 SEX Male Female Total Industry category no. % no. % no. % Accommodation and Food Services 289 16.2 406 38.6 695 24.5

Construction 500 28.0 19 1.8 519 18.3

Retail Trade 209 11.7 258 24.5 467 16.5

Other Services 197 11.0 99 9.4 296 10.4

Manufacturing 195 10.9 33 3.1 228 8.0

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 123 6.9 40 3.8 163 5.8

Health Care and Social Assistance 19 1.1 72 6.9 91 3.2

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services 38 2.1 23 2.2 61 2.2

Arts and Recreation Services 30 1.7 25 2.4 55 1.9

Transport, Postal and Warehousing 40 2.2 10 1.0 50 1.8

Administrative and Support Services 27 1.5 20 1.9 47 1.7

Public Administration and Safety 35 2.0 10 1.0 45 1.6

Wholesale Trade 21 1.2 7 0.7 28 1.0

Mining 19 1.1 3 0.3 22 0.8

Education and Training 7 0.4 10 1.0 17 0.6

Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services 14 0.8 1 0.1 15 0.5

Information Media and Telecommunications 7 0.4 5 0.5 12 0.4

Rental, Hiring and Real Estate services 4 0.2 5 0.5 9 0.3

Financial and Insurance Services 0 0.0 2 0.2 2 0.1

Other 9 0.5 3 0.3 12 0.4

Total 1 783 100.0 1 051 100.0 2 834 100.0

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 43

Table 5.6 compares the industry categories of early school leavers in employment who exited the school system during Year 10, Year 11 or early in Year 12.

Table 5.6: Industry category of early school leavers in employment, by year level, Queensland 2015 YEAR LEVEL Year 10 Year 11 Year 12 Total Industry category no. % no. % no. % no. % Accommodation and Food Services 117 25.9 391 24.7 187 23.4 695 24.5

Construction 92 20.4 284 17.9 143 17.9 519 18.3

Retail Trade 56 12.4 267 16.9 144 18.0 467 16.5

Other Services 46 10.2 182 11.5 68 8.5 296 10.4

Manufacturing 40 8.8 121 7.6 67 8.4 228 8.0

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 47 10.4 79 5.0 37 4.6 163 5.8

Health Care and Social Assistance 8 1.8 52 3.3 31 3.9 91 3.2

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services 7 1.5 34 2.1 20 2.5 61 2.2

Arts and Recreation Services 11 2.4 29 1.8 15 1.9 55 1.9

Transport, Postal and Warehousing 7 1.5 24 1.5 19 2.4 50 1.8

Administrative and Support Services 5 1.1 30 1.9 12 1.5 47 1.7

Public Administration and Safety 3 0.7 22 1.4 20 2.5 45 1.6

Wholesale Trade 3 0.7 16 1.0 9 1.1 28 1.0

Mining 2 0.4 12 0.8 8 1.0 22 0.8

Education and Training 3 0.7 6 0.4 8 1.0 17 0.6

Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services 1 0.2 11 0.7 3 0.4 15 0.5

Information Media and Telecommunications 1 0.2 6 0.4 5 0.6 12 0.4

Rental, Hiring and Real Estate services 0 0.0 8 0.5 1 0.1 9 0.3

Financial and Insurance Services 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 2 0.1

Other 3 0.7 7 0.4 2 0.3 12 0.4

Total 452 100.0 1 583 100.0 799 100.0 2 834 100.0

44 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Figure 5.4 shows the industry categories of early school leavers in employment by the type of employment being undertaken.

Figure 5.4: Industry category of early school leavers in employment, by employment type, Queensland 2015

Accommodation and Food Services

Construction

Retail Trade

Other Services

Manufacturing

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing

Health Care and Social Assistance

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services

Arts and Recreation Services

Transport, Postal and Warehousing

Administrative and Support Services

Other

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Apprentice Trainee Other employment %

Unless stated otherwise, for the remainder of this chapter the 920 early school leavers undertaking an apprenticeship or traineeship have been excluded from the analysis to illustrate the difference in work force choices of other early school leavers. More details about the employment destinations of apprentices and trainees can be found in Chapter 6.

Figure 5.5 reports the occupational groups of early school leavers in employment by sex.

Figure 5.5: Occupational Major Group of early school leavers in employment, by sex, Queensland 2015

Labourers

Sales Workers

Community and Personal Service Workers

Technicians and Trades Workers

Machinery Operators and Drivers

Clerical and Administrative Workers

Managers

Professionals

Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 Male Female %

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 45

Table 5.7 breaks down the largest occupation group for males—Labourers—and provides a more detailed breakdown of occupations within this group.

Table 5.7: Occupational Unit Group of male early school leavers employed as Labourers, Queensland 2015 Occupation - Unit Group no. % Other Miscellaneous Labourers 103 19.4 Building and Plumbing Labourers 58 10.9 Kitchenhands 58 10.9 Livestock Farm Workers 33 6.2 Other Cleaners 32 6.0 Concreters 26 4.9 Shelf Fillers 26 4.9 Fast Food Cooks 24 4.5 Mixed Crop and Livestock Farm Workers 20 3.8 Garden and Nursery Labourers 17 3.2 Meat Boners and Slicers, and Slaughterers 15 2.8 Fencers 14 2.6 Car Detailers 12 2.3 Crop Farm Workers 12 2.3 Deck and Fishing Hands 12 2.3 Structural Steel Construction Workers 9 1.7 Packers 9 1.7 Freight and Furniture Handlers 8 1.5 Other Factory Process Workers 7 1.3 Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories Fitters 6 1.1 Railway Track Workers 3 0.6 Food and Drink Factory Workers 3 0.6 Product Assemblers 3 0.6 Forestry and Logging Workers 3 0.6 Commercial Cleaners 2 0.4 Other Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers 2 0.4 Handypersons 2 0.4 Housekeepers 1 0.2 Laundry Workers 1 0.2 Insulation and Home Improvement Installers 1 0.2 Paving and Surfacing Labourers 1 0.2 Other Construction and Mining Labourers 1 0.2 Meat, Poultry and Seafood Process Workers 1 0.2 Metal Engineering Process Workers 1 0.2 Plastics and Rubber Factory Workers 1 0.2 Other 5 0.9

Total 532 100.0

46 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

The largest occupational group for females—Sales Workers—is broken down into more detailed occupations in Table 5.8.

Table 5.8: Occupational Unit Group of female early school leavers employed as Sales Workers, Queensland 2015 Occupation - Unit Group no. % Sales Assistants (General) 246 62.0 Checkout Operators and Office Cashiers 143 36.0 Retail Supervisors 4 1.0 Real Estate Sales Agents 1 0.3 Models and Sales Demonstrators 1 0.3 Pharmacy Sales Assistants 1 0.3 Other 1 0.3

Total 397 100.0

The differences in industry categories by sex can be seen in Figure 5.6.

Figure 5.6: Industry category of early school leavers in employment, by sex, Queensland 2015

Accommodation and Food Services

Retail Trade

Construction

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing

Manufacturing

Other Services

Health Care and Social Assistance

Arts and Recreation Services

Administrative and Support Services

Transport, Postal and Warehousing

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services

Other

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Male Female %

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 47

Permanent and Casual workers Permanent workers are employed on an ongoing basis until the employer or employee ends the employment relationship by providing the required period of notice. Permanent workers can expect to work regular hours each week and are entitled to paid sick leave and annual leave. Excluding apprentices or trainees, there were 615 early school leavers in permanent employment.

Casual workers are not employed on a permanent basis and can generally end employment without notice. Casual workers are not guaranteed regular hours of work and tend to work irregular hours. Casual workers are not entitled to paid sick or annual leave and they usually receive a higher rate of pay to compensate for this. Overall, there were 1299 early school leavers who were employed on a casual basis, which accounts for 67.9 per cent of the 1914 early school leavers in paid employment.

Table 5.9 shows the male and female distribution of early school leavers in employment by their workload, study status and employment type.

Table 5.9: Sex, workload and study status of early school leavers in employment, by employment type, Queensland 2015 EMPLOYMENT TYPE a Workload and Permanent Casual Total Sex study status no. % no. % no. % Male

Working and in further education or training Full-time employment 22 6.0 6 0.9 28 2.6 Part-time employment 13 3.6 78 11.2 91 8.6 Working and in further education or training total 35 9.6 84 12.1 119 11.2 Working and not in further education or training Full-time employment 275 75.1 220 31.7 495 46.7 Part-time employment 56 15.3 391 56.3 447 42.1 Working and not in further education or training total 331 90.4 611 87.9 942 88.8 Male total 366 100.0 695 100.0 1 061 100.0 Female Working and in further education or training Full-time employment 35 14.1 17 2.8 52 6.1 Part-time employment 28 11.2 168 27.8 196 23.0 Working and in further education or training total 63 25.3 185 30.6 248 29.1 Working and not in further education or training Full-time employment 112 45.0 83 13.7 195 22.9 Part-time employment 74 29.7 336 55.6 410 48.1 Working and not in further education or training total 186 74.7 419 69.4 605 70.9 Female total 249 100.0 604 100.0 853 100.0 Total

Working and in further education or training Full-time employment 57 9.3 23 1.8 80 4.2 Part-time employment 41 6.7 246 18.9 287 15.0 Working and in further education or training total 98 15.9 269 20.7 367 19.2 Working and not in further education or training Full-time employment 387 62.9 303 23.3 690 36.1 Part-time employment 130 21.1 727 56.0 857 44.8 Working and not in further education or training total 517 84.1 1 030 79.3 1 547 80.8 Total 615 100.0 1 299 100.0 1 914 100.0 a Includes early school leavers for whom casual employment status was unknown.

48 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Figure 5.7 shows the relationship between employment type, workload and study status.

Figure 5.7: Sex, workload and study status of early school leavers in employment, by employment type, Queensland 2015

50 % 40

0 In education or training - In education or training - Not in education or training - Not in education or training - Full-time employment Part-time employment Full-time employment Part-time employment

Male - Casual Female - Casual

Figure 5.8 compares the workload and study status of early school leavers in casual employment who exited the school system during Year 10, Year 11 or early in Year 12.

Figure 5.8: Early school leavers in casual employment as a proportion of all early school leavers in workload, by year level, Queensland 2015

50 % 40

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 49

Table 5.10 presents the occupational group of early school leavers in employment by employment type.

Table 5.10: Occupational Sub-Major Group of early school leavers in employment, by employment type, Queensland 2015 EMPLOYMENT TYPE Permanenta Casual Total Occupation - Sub-Major Group no. % no. % no. % Sales Assistants and Salespersons 88 14.3 279 21.5 367 19.2

Sales Support Workers 48 7.8 159 12.2 207 10.8

Other Labourers 58 9.4 117 9.0 175 9.1

Hospitality Workers 34 5.5 132 10.2 166 8.7

Food Preparation Assistants 25 4.1 112 8.6 137 7.2

Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers 51 8.3 69 5.3 120 6.3

Construction and Mining Labourers 42 6.8 72 5.5 114 6.0

Food Trades Workers 29 4.7 75 5.8 104 5.4

Cleaners and Laundry Workers 19 3.1 48 3.7 67 3.5

Factory Process Workers 28 4.6 19 1.5 47 2.5

Carers and Aides 17 2.8 29 2.2 46 2.4

Construction Trades Workers 18 2.9 17 1.3 35 1.8

Skilled Animal and Horticultural Workers 7 1.1 26 2.0 33 1.7

Automotive and Engineering Trades Workers 16 2.6 12 0.9 28 1.5

Road and Rail Drivers 7 1.1 20 1.5 27 1.4

Inquiry Clerks and Receptionists 13 2.1 12 0.9 25 1.3

Storepersons 11 1.8 13 1.0 24 1.3

Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers 12 2.0 9 0.7 21 1.1

General Clerical Workers 12 2.0 7 0.5 19 1.0

Sports and Personal Service Workers 8 1.3 9 0.7 17 0.9

Clerical and Office Support Workers 11 1.8 6 0.5 17 0.9

Other Technicians and Trades Workers 8 1.3 8 0.6 16 0.8

Machine and Stationary Plant Operators 6 1.0 7 0.5 13 0.7

Protective Service Workers 11 1.8 1 0.1 12 0.6

Engineering, ICT and Science Technicians 4 0.7 7 0.5 11 0.6

Mobile Plant Operators 6 1.0 4 0.3 10 0.5

Farmers and Farm Managers 3 0.5 2 0.2 5 0.3

Business, Human Resource and Marketing Professionals 2 0.3 3 0.2 5 0.3

Personal Assistants and Secretaries 3 0.5 2 0.2 5 0.3

Design, Engineering, Science and Transport Professionals 1 0.2 3 0.2 4 0.2

Other 17 2.8 20 1.5 37 1.9

Total 615 100.0 1 299 100.0 1 914 100.0 a Includes early school leavers for whom casual employment status was unknown.

50 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Working and not in education or training This section examines the labour market outcomes of those early school leavers who made a direct entry to employment, with no further education or training. As highlighted in Chapter 2, this is an important group, comprising 28.1 per cent of all early school leavers.

Table 5.11 shows the occupational group for the 1547 employed early school leavers not in further education or training, by sex.

Table 5.11: Occupational Minor Group of early school leavers in employment and not in education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015 SEX Male Female Total Occupation - Minor Group no. % no. % no. % Sales Assistants and Salespersons 97 10.3 181 29.9 278 18.0

Checkout Operators and Office Cashiers 47 5.0 107 17.7 154 10.0

Hospitality Workers 30 3.2 92 15.2 122 7.9

Miscellaneous Labourers 118 12.5 3 0.5 121 7.8

Food Preparation Assistants 71 7.5 42 6.9 113 7.3

Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers 84 8.9 29 4.8 113 7.3

Construction and Mining Labourers 109 11.6 1 0.2 110 7.1

Food Trades Workers 60 6.4 20 3.3 80 5.2

Cleaners and Laundry Workers 46 4.9 14 2.3 60 3.9

Freight Handlers and Shelf Fillers 29 3.1 11 1.8 40 2.6

Horticultural Trades Workers 22 2.3 2 0.3 24 1.6

Food Process Workers 18 1.9 2 0.3 20 1.3

Storepersons 17 1.8 2 0.3 19 1.2

Receptionists 1 0.1 14 2.3 15 1.0

Personal Carers and Assistants 5 0.5 10 1.7 15 1.0

Delivery Drivers 14 1.5 0 0.0 14 0.9

Automotive Electricians and Mechanics 14 1.5 0 0.0 14 0.9

Retail Managers 4 0.4 10 1.7 14 0.9

General Clerks 1 0.1 12 2.0 13 0.8

Bricklayers, and Carpenters and Joiners 11 1.2 1 0.2 12 0.8

Miscellaneous Factory Process Workers 11 1.2 0 0.0 11 0.7

Packers and Product Assemblers 8 0.8 3 0.5 11 0.7

Clerical and Office Support Workers 2 0.2 9 1.5 11 0.7

Floor Finishers and Painting Trades Workers 10 1.1 1 0.2 11 0.7

Mobile Plant Operators 9 1.0 0 0.0 9 0.6

Glaziers, Plasterers and Tilers 9 1.0 0 0.0 9 0.6

ICT and Telecommunications Technicians 6 0.6 3 0.5 9 0.6

Truck Drivers 8 0.8 0 0.0 8 0.5

Machine Operators 7 0.7 1 0.2 8 0.5

Sports and Fitness Workers 6 0.6 1 0.2 7 0.5

Defence Force Members, Fire Fighters and Police 7 0.7 0 0.0 7 0.5

Child Carers 2 0.2 5 0.8 7 0.5

Miscellaneous Technicians and Trades Workers 7 0.7 0 0.0 7 0.5

Fabrication Engineering Trades Workers 7 0.7 0 0.0 7 0.5

Farmers and Farm Managers 5 0.5 0 0.0 5 0.3

Other 40 4.2 29 4.8 69 4.5

Total 942 100.0 605 100.0 1 547 100.0

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 51

Table 5.12 reports the industries of employment entered by early school leavers not in education or training.

Table 5.12: Industry category of early school leavers in employment and not in education or training, by workload, Queensland 2015 WORKLOAD Full-time Part-time Total Industry category no. % no. % no. % Accommodation and Food Services 106 15.4 326 38.0 432 27.9

Retail Trade 96 13.9 243 28.4 339 21.9

Construction 135 19.6 74 8.6 209 13.5

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 99 14.3 34 4.0 133 8.6

Manufacturing 78 11.3 23 2.7 101 6.5

Other Services 40 5.8 33 3.9 73 4.7

Health Care and Social Assistance 17 2.5 30 3.5 47 3.0

Arts and Recreation Services 10 1.4 27 3.2 37 2.4

Administrative and Support Services 14 2.0 21 2.5 35 2.3

Transport, Postal and Warehousing 20 2.9 13 1.5 33 2.1

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services 20 2.9 4 0.5 24 1.6

Public Administration and Safety 18 2.6 4 0.5 22 1.4

Wholesale Trade 15 2.2 4 0.5 19 1.2

Mining 6 0.9 2 0.2 8 0.5

Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services 6 0.9 2 0.2 8 0.5

Education and Training 3 0.4 4 0.5 7 0.5

Rental, Hiring and Real Estate services 2 0.3 4 0.5 6 0.4

Information Media and Telecommunications 3 0.4 1 0.1 4 0.3

Other 2 0.3 8 0.9 10 0.6

Total 690 100.0 857 100.0 1 547 100.0

Table 5.13 compares the hours worked per week by male and female early school leavers who were employed and not in education or training.

Table 5.13: Hours worked by early school leavers in employment and not in education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015 SEX Male Female Total Hours worked per week no. % no. % no. % Part-time employment

1–7 25 2.7 23 3.8 48 3.1

8–14 64 6.8 50 8.3 114 7.4

15–24 150 15.9 163 26.9 313 20.2

25–34 208 22.1 174 28.8 382 24.7

Part-time employment Total 447 47.5 410 67.8 857 55.4

Full-time employment

35–39 167 17.7 115 19.0 282 18.2

40 or more 328 34.8 80 13.2 408 26.4

Full-time employment Total 495 52.5 195 32.2 690 44.6

Total 942 100.0 605 100.0 1 547 100.0

52 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Figure 5.9 shows the hours worked per week by early school leavers who were employed and not in education or training across each year level.

Figure 5.9: Hours worked by early school leavers in employment and not in education or training, by year level, Queensland 2015

20 % 15

0 1–7 8–14 15–24 25–34 35–39 40 or more

Year 10 Year 11 Year 12

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 53

Working and in education or training Of the 2834 early school leavers who were employed, 367 (12.9 per cent) were also undertaking campus-based education or training. Table 5.14 reports the occupational groups for early school leavers who were employed and studying, excluding apprentices and trainees.

Table 5.14: Occupational Minor Group of early school leavers in employment and study, by sex, Queensland 2015 SEX Male Female Total Occupation - Minor Group no. % no. % no. % Sales Assistants and Salespersons 19 16.0 70 28.2 89 24.3

Checkout Operators and Office Cashiers 14 11.8 36 14.5 50 13.6

Hospitality Workers 7 5.9 37 14.9 44 12.0

Food Preparation Assistants 12 10.1 12 4.8 24 6.5

Food Trades Workers 13 10.9 11 4.4 24 6.5

Child Carers 0 0.0 14 5.6 14 3.8

Receptionists 1 0.8 7 2.8 8 2.2

Personal Carers and Assistants 1 0.8 7 2.8 8 2.2

Miscellaneous Labourers 6 5.0 1 0.4 7 1.9

Freight Handlers and Shelf Fillers 5 4.2 2 0.8 7 1.9

Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers 4 3.4 3 1.2 7 1.9

Cleaners and Laundry Workers 2 1.7 5 2.0 7 1.9

Clerical and Office Support Workers 0 0.0 6 2.4 6 1.6

Storepersons 4 3.4 1 0.4 5 1.4

Retail Managers 0 0.0 5 2.0 5 1.4

Packers and Product Assemblers 4 3.4 0 0.0 4 1.1

Construction and Mining Labourers 4 3.4 0 0.0 4 1.1

Delivery Drivers 2 1.7 2 0.8 4 1.1

Personal Service and Travel Workers 0 0.0 4 1.6 4 1.1

Defence Force Members, Fire Fighters and 4 3.4 0 0.0 4 1.1 Police General Clerks 0 0.0 3 1.2 3 0.8

Personal Assistants and Secretaries 1 0.8 2 0.8 3 0.8

Other 16 13.4 20 8.1 36 9.8

Total 119 100.0 248 100.0 367 100.0

54 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

The main industry areas entered by early school leavers in employment who were also undertaking campus-based education or training is presented in Table 5.15.

Table 5.15: Industry category of early school leavers in employment and study, by work load, Queensland 2015 WORK LOAD Full-time Part-time Total Industry category no. % no. % no. % Accommodation and Food Services 13 16.3 136 47.4 149 40.6

Retail Trade 11 13.8 77 26.8 88 24.0

Health Care and Social Assistance 11 13.8 14 4.9 25 6.8

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 4 5.0 9 3.1 13 3.5

Manufacturing 4 5.0 7 2.4 11 3.0

Construction 4 5.0 6 2.1 10 2.7

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services 7 8.8 3 1.0 10 2.7

Other Services 3 3.8 7 2.4 10 2.7

Arts and Recreation Services 5 6.3 4 1.4 9 2.5

Public Administration and Safety 7 8.8 1 0.3 8 2.2

Education and Training 3 3.8 5 1.7 8 2.2

Wholesale Trade 3 3.8 4 1.4 7 1.9

Administrative and Support Services 1 1.3 6 2.1 7 1.9

Transport, Postal and Warehousing 1 1.3 3 1.0 4 1.1

Information Media and Telecommunications 0 0.0 3 1.0 3 0.8

Financial and Insurance Services 0 0.0 2 0.7 2 0.5

Rental, Hiring and Real Estate services 1 1.3 0 0.0 1 0.3

Other 2 2.5 0 0.0 2 0.5

Total 80 100.0 287 100.0 367 100.0

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 55

Table 5.16 compares the hours worked per week according to study level of early school leavers in employment and campus-based education or training.

Table 5.16: Level of study of early school leavers in employment and study, by hours worked per week, Queensland 2015 LEVEL OF STUDY Adv Dip VET VET Diploma Hours worked per week or higher Cert IV Cert III no. % no. % no. % no. % Part-time employment

1–7 4 21.1 11 8.9 1 3.3 9 7.8

8–14 7 36.8 20 16.1 5 16.7 18 15.5

15–24 3 15.8 44 35.5 8 26.7 31 26.7

25–34 5 26.3 23 18.5 5 16.7 29 25.0

Part-time employment Total 19 100.0 98 79.0 19 63.3 87 75.0

Full-time employment

35–39 0 0.0 15 12.1 3 10.0 9 7.8

40 or more 0 0.0 11 8.9 8 26.7 20 17.2

Full-time employment Total 0 0.0 26 21.0 11 36.7 29 25.0

Total 19 100.0 124 100.0 30 100.0 116 100.0

LEVEL OF STUDY VET Secondary Other Total Hours worked per week Cert I–II study no. % no. % no. % no. % Part-time employment

1–7 1 4.0 4 15.4 3 11.1 33 9.0

8–14 4 16.0 4 15.4 4 14.8 62 16.9

15–24 10 40.0 8 30.8 8 29.6 112 30.5

25–34 7 28.0 4 15.4 7 25.9 80 21.8

Part-time employment Total 22 88.0 20 76.9 22 81.5 287 78.2

Full-time employment

35–39 1 4.0 2 7.7 2 7.4 32 8.7

40 or more 2 8.0 4 15.4 3 11.1 48 13.1

Full-time employment Total 3 12.0 6 23.1 5 18.5 80 21.8

Total 25 100.0 26 100.0 27 100.0 367 100.0

56 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Chapter 6 – Apprentices and Trainees

This chapter highlights the differences in the education, training and employment outcomes of early school leavers from 2014 in Queensland who were undertaking an apprenticeship or traineeship.

Apprentices and trainees differ from other students in post-school education or training in that they are contracted to an employer while developing the skills needed to achieve a qualification. Both apprenticeships and traineeships involve on-the-job training by an employer and off-the-job instruction delivered by a registered training organisation to enable the achievement of workplace competency in the qualification.

Early school leavers in apprenticeships or traineeships Table 6.1 summarises the study and labour Within this group of apprentices and trainees force destinations of early school leavers from were 20 young people who indicated that they 2014, listing apprentices and trainees had already completed the study component of separately. There were 767 (13.9 per cent) their apprenticeship or traineeship. These 20 early school leavers participating in an young people are excluded from the education apprenticeship and 153 (2.8 per cent) and training section of this chapter. participating in a traineeship at the time of the survey.

Table 6.1: Labour force destination of early school leavers, by study destination, Queensland 2015 STUDY DESTINATION Studying Not studying Total Labour force destination no. % no. % no. % Work Apprenticeshipa 756 37.6 11 0.3 767 13.9

Traineeshipa 144 7.2 9 0.3 153 2.8

Other 367 18.2 1 547 44.4 1 914 34.8

Work Total 1 267 62.9 1 567 44.9 2 834 51.5 Seeking work 402 20.0 1 395 40.0 1 797 32.7

NILF 344 17.1 525 15.1 869 15.8

Total 2 013 100.0 3 487 100.0 5 500 100.0 a There were 11 apprentices and 9 trainees who indicated they had already completed the study component of their program.

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 57

Table 6.2 provides selected key characteristics of the 920 early school leavers who were undertaking an apprenticeship or traineeship.

Table 6.2: Early school leavers in apprenticeships or traineeships, by selected key characteristics, Queensland 2015 APPRENTICES AND TRAINEES Apprentice Trainee Characteristic no. %a no. %a All early school leavers 767 13.9 153 2.8

Male 652 20.1 70 2.2

Female 115 5.1 83 3.7

Indigenous 28 4.5 15 2.4

Non-Indigenous 739 15.1 138 2.8

South East Queenslandb 395 12.5 80 2.5

Regional Queenslandb 372 15.9 73 3.1

Year 10 127 14.3 30 3.4

Year 11 458 15.1 84 2.8

Year 12 182 11.5 39 2.5

14 years or younger 122 15.0 28 3.4

15 years of age 344 16.3 61 2.9

16 years of age 252 12.3 50 2.4

17 years or older 49 9.4 14 2.7 a Percentages based on proportion within characteristic. b South East Queensland/Regional Queensland location based on address of school attended in 2014.

Education and training destinations of apprentices and trainees

Level of study of apprentices and trainees The main difference between apprenticeships and traineeships is that apprenticeships usually involve a longer contract of employment and instruction (up to four years), and study should be at the VET Certificate III level or higher. Traineeships may be undertaken at VET Certificate I level or higher.

Table 6.3 indicates the level of study reported by apprentices and trainees in this survey.

Table 6.3: Level of study of early school leavers undertaking apprenticeships or traineeships, Queensland 2015 APPRENTICES AND TRAINEES Apprentice Trainee Total Level of study no. % no. % no. % VET

Diploma 12 1.6 6 4.2 18 2.0

VET Certificate IV 26 3.4 9 6.3 35 3.9

VET Certificate III 627 82.9 85 59.0 712 79.1

VET Certificate II 11 1.5 19 13.2 30 3.3

VET Certificate I 4 0.5 1 0.7 5 0.6

VET unspecified 57 7.5 16 11.1 73 8.1

VET Total 737 97.5 136 94.4 873 97.0

Other 19 2.5 8 5.6 27 3.0

Total 756 100.0 144 100.0 900 100.0

The level of study of apprentices and trainees and other early school leavers undertaking post-school education or training is compared in Figure 6.1.

58 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Figure 6.1: Level of study of early school leavers in education or training, by student type, Queensland 2015

% 40

Apprentice Trainee Campus-based study

Field of study of apprentices and trainees The differences between apprenticeships and traineeships were reflected in their fields of study, as presented in Table 6.4.

Table 6.4: Field of study of early school leavers undertaking apprenticeships or traineeships, Queensland 2015 APPRENTICES AND TRAINEES Apprentice Trainee Total Field of study no. % no. % no. % Engineering and Related Technologies 313 41.4 20 13.9 333 37.0

Architecture and Building 230 30.4 5 3.5 235 26.1

Food, Hospitality and Personal Services 168 22.2 38 26.4 206 22.9

Management and Commerce 4 0.5 43 29.9 47 5.2

Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies 9 1.2 8 5.6 17 1.9

Society and Culture 5 0.7 11 7.6 16 1.8

Health 3 0.4 10 6.9 13 1.4

Creative Arts 6 0.8 1 0.7 7 0.8

Information Technology 1 0.1 1 0.7 2 0.2

Natural and Physical Sciences 1 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.1

Education 0 0.0 1 0.7 1 0.1

Other 16 2.1 6 4.2 22 2.4

Total 756 100.0 144 100.0 900 100.0

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 59

Table 6.5 shows the field of study of apprentices and trainees by sex and paints a very traditional picture of the trade pathways undertaken by males and females.

Table 6.5: Field of study of early school leavers undertaking apprenticeships or traineeships, by sex, Queensland 2015 SEX Male Female Total Field of study no. % no. % no. % Engineering and Related Technologies 325 45.9 8 4.2 333 37.0

Architecture and Building 229 32.3 6 3.1 235 26.1

Food, Hospitality and Personal Services 97 13.7 109 56.8 206 22.9

Management and Commerce 13 1.8 34 17.7 47 5.2

Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies 16 2.3 1 0.5 17 1.9

Society and Culture 4 0.6 12 6.3 16 1.8

Health 1 0.1 12 6.3 13 1.4

Creative Arts 4 0.6 3 1.6 7 0.8

Information Technology 2 0.3 0 0.0 2 0.2

Natural and Physical Sciences 0 0.0 1 0.5 1 0.1

Education 0 0.0 1 0.5 1 0.1

Other 17 2.4 5 2.6 22 2.4

Total 708 100.0 192 100.0 900 100.0

Figure 6.2 highlights the differences between the fields of study of apprentices and trainees and other early school leavers in post-school education or training.

Figure 6.2: Field of study of early school leavers in education or training, by student type, Queensland 2015

Food, Hospitality and Personal Services

Engineering and Related Technologies

Architecture and Building

Management and Commerce

Society and Culture

Mixed Field Programs

Health

Creative Arts

Information Technology

Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies

Education

Natural and Physical Sciences

Other

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Apprentice Trainee Campus-based study %

60 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Study provider of apprentices and trainees The type of study provider that was providing training to early school leavers who were undertaking an apprenticeship or traineeship is presented in Table 6.6.

Table 6.6: Study provider of early school leavers undertaking apprenticeships or traineeships, Queensland 2015 APPRENTICES AND TRAINEES Apprentice Trainee Total Study provider no. % no. % no. % TAFE 438 57.9 27 18.8 465 51.7 Private training college 188 24.9 39 27.1 227 25.2 Training provided by work 90 11.9 66 45.8 156 17.3 University 9 1.2 1 0.7 10 1.1 Armed Forces 1 0.1 2 1.4 3 0.3 Agricultural college 1 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.1 Other 29 3.8 9 6.3 38 4.2 Total 756 100.0 144 100.0 900 100.0

Employment destinations of apprentices and trainees It is also important to note that the employment destinations of apprentices and trainees were quite different from those entered by the broader cohort of early school leavers.

Occupations of apprentices and trainees Table 6.7 compares the occupational groups for early school leavers who were undertaking an apprenticeship or traineeship.

Table 6.7: Occupational Major Group of early school leavers in apprenticeships or traineeships, Queensland 2015 APPRENTICES AND TRAINEES Apprenticeship Traineeship Total Occupation - Major Group no. % no. % no. % Technicians and Trades Workers 732 95.4 27 17.6 759 82.5

Labourers 12 1.6 35 22.9 47 5.1

Community and Personal Service Workers 8 1.0 30 19.6 38 4.1

Sales Workers 5 0.7 30 19.6 35 3.8

Clerical and Administrative Workers 0 0.0 16 10.5 16 1.7

Machinery Operators and Drivers 4 0.5 8 5.2 12 1.3

Managers 1 0.1 5 3.3 6 0.7

Professionals 3 0.4 2 1.3 5 0.5

Other 2 0.3 0 0.0 2 0.2

Total 767 100.0 153 100.0 920 100.0

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 61

The largest occupational group for early school leavers undertaking an apprenticeship—Technicians and Trades Workers—is broken down into more detailed occupations by sex in Table 6.8.

Table 6.8: Occupational Unit Group of early school leavers in apprenticeships employed as Technicians and Trades Workers, by sex, Queensland 2015 SEX Male Female Total Occupation - Unit Group no. % no. % no. % Motor Mechanics 102 16.3 1 1.0 103 14.1 Carpenters and Joiners 96 15.3 0 0.0 96 13.1 Hairdressers 6 1.0 71 67.6 77 10.5 Chefs 40 6.4 19 18.1 59 8.1 Metal Fitters and Machinists 56 8.9 2 1.9 58 7.9 Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers 49 7.8 2 1.9 51 7.0 Plumbers 47 7.5 1 1.0 48 6.6 Electricians 39 6.2 0 0.0 39 5.3 Cabinetmakers 31 4.9 3 2.9 34 4.6 Butchers and Smallgoods Makers 26 4.1 0 0.0 26 3.6 Painting Trades Workers 23 3.7 0 0.0 23 3.1 Bricklayers and Stonemasons 18 2.9 0 0.0 18 2.5 Panelbeaters 14 2.2 0 0.0 14 1.9 Plasterers 13 2.1 0 0.0 13 1.8 Wall and Floor Tilers 10 1.6 2 1.9 12 1.6 Bakers and Pastrycooks 7 1.1 2 1.9 9 1.2 Vehicle Body Builders and Trimmers 7 1.1 0 0.0 7 1.0 Automotive Electricians 5 0.8 0 0.0 5 0.7 Airconditioning and Refrigeration Mechanics 5 0.8 0 0.0 5 0.7 Vehicle Painters 4 0.6 0 0.0 4 0.5 Roof Tilers 4 0.6 0 0.0 4 0.5 Gardeners 4 0.6 0 0.0 4 0.5 Precision Metal Trades Workers 3 0.5 0 0.0 3 0.4 Floor Finishers 3 0.5 0 0.0 3 0.4 Glaziers 3 0.5 0 0.0 3 0.4 Greenkeepers 3 0.5 0 0.0 3 0.4 Sheetmetal Trades Workers 2 0.3 0 0.0 2 0.3 Other 7 1.1 2 1.9 9 1.2 Total 627 100.0 105 100.0 732 100.0

62 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Table 6.9 breaks down the occupations early school leavers who were trainees employed in the Labourers, Sales Workers, and Community and Personal Service Workers occupational groups.

Table 6.9: Occupational Unit Group of early school leavers in traineeships employed as Labourers, Sales Workers, or Community and Personal Service Workers Queensland 2015 SEX Male Female Total Occupation - Unit Group no. % no. % no. % Sales Assistants (General) 7 16.3 9 17.3 16 16.8 Child Carers 0 0.0 11 21.2 11 11.6 Checkout Operators and Office Cashiers 2 4.7 8 15.4 10 10.5 Fast Food Cooks 7 16.3 1 1.9 8 8.4 Bar Attendants and Baristas 0 0.0 6 11.5 6 6.3 Waiters 0 0.0 5 9.6 5 5.3 Meat Boners and Slicers, and Slaughterers 5 11.6 0 0.0 5 5.3 Beauty Therapists 0 0.0 3 5.8 3 3.2 Livestock Farm Workers 3 7.0 0 0.0 3 3.2 Other Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers 2 4.7 1 1.9 3 3.2 Other Miscellaneous Labourers 3 7.0 0 0.0 3 3.2 Dental Assistants 0 0.0 2 3.8 2 2.1 Pharmacy Sales Assistants 0 0.0 2 3.8 2 2.1 Other 14 32.6 4 7.7 18 18.9

Total 43 100.0 52 100.0 95 100.0

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 63

Industries of apprentices and trainees Table 6.10 reports the industry categories for early school leavers who were undertaking an apprenticeship or traineeship.

Table 6.10: Industry category of early school leavers in apprenticeships or traineeships, Queensland 2015 APPRENTICES AND TRAINEES Apprenticeship Traineeship Total Industry category no. % no. % no. % Construction 290 37.8 10 6.5 300 32.6

Other Services 201 26.2 12 7.8 213 23.2

Manufacturing 102 13.3 14 9.2 116 12.6

Accommodation and Food Services 62 8.1 52 34.0 114 12.4

Retail Trade 30 3.9 10 6.5 40 4.3

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services 23 3.0 4 2.6 27 2.9

Health Care and Social Assistance 3 0.4 16 10.5 19 2.1

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 7 0.9 10 6.5 17 1.8

Public Administration and Safety 10 1.3 5 3.3 15 1.6

Mining 11 1.4 3 2.0 14 1.5

Transport, Postal and Warehousing 9 1.2 4 2.6 13 1.4

Arts and Recreation Services 6 0.8 3 2.0 9 1.0

Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services 7 0.9 0 0.0 7 0.8

Information Media and Telecommunications 2 0.3 3 2.0 5 0.5

Administrative and Support Services 1 0.1 4 2.6 5 0.5

Wholesale Trade 2 0.3 0 0.0 2 0.2

Rental, Hiring and Real Estate services 1 0.1 1 0.7 2 0.2

Education and Training 0 0.0 2 1.3 2 0.2

Total 767 100.0 153 100.0 920 100.0

Differences in the industry of employment of apprentices and trainees by sex are shown in Figure 6.3.

Figure 6.3: Selected industry categories of early school leavers in apprenticeships or traineeships, by sex, Queensland 2015

Construction Other Services Manufacturing Accommodation and Food Services Retail Trade Professional, Scientific and Technical Services Health Care and Social Assistance Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Public Administration and Safety Mining Transport, Postal and Warehousing

Male Female 0 5 10 15 20% 25 30 35 40

64 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Table 6.11 compares the hours worked by early school leavers who were undertaking an apprenticeship or traineeship.

Table 6.11: Hours worked by early school leavers in apprenticeships or traineeships, Queensland 2015 APPRENTICES AND TRAINEES Apprenticeship Traineeship Total Hours worked per week no. % no. % no. % Part-time employment

1–7 1 0.1 2 1.3 3 0.3

8–14 4 0.5 1 0.7 5 0.5

15–24 14 1.8 19 12.4 33 3.6

25–34 25 3.3 41 26.8 66 7.2

Part-time employment Total 44 5.7 63 41.2 107 11.6

Full-time employment

35–39 259 33.8 47 30.7 306 33.3

40 or more 464 60.5 43 28.1 507 55.1

Full-time employment Total 723 94.3 90 58.8 813 88.4

Total 767 100.0 153 100.0 920 100.0

Figure 6.4 demonstrates the differences in the work patterns of apprentices and trainees with other early school leavers in employment.

Figure 6.4: Hours worked per week by early school leavers in employment, by study destination, Queensland 2015

40 % 30

0 1–7 8–14 15–24 25–34 35–39 40 or more

Apprentice Trainee Working and in further education or training Working and not in further education or training

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 65

Chapter 7 – Not studying; not employed; and not studying or employed

The Early School Leavers survey found that 25.4 per cent of early school leavers were not employed and were not in education or training but were seeking work. A further 9.5 per cent of early school leavers from 2014 were not in the labour force, education or training.

This chapter highlights the data captured regarding the groups of early school leavers who were not studying; not employed; not studying or employed, but were seeking work; and those who were not in the labour force, education or training at the time of the survey.

Overview Table 7.1 shows that 3487 (63.4 per cent) of early school leavers were not undertaking further education or training. The reasons for this are complex social and economic issues, and reflect the diversity of early school leavers today.

As discussed in Chapter 5, whilst most early school leavers were in paid employment at the time of the survey, 2666 (48.5 per cent) were not. Table 7.1 shows that 60.4 per cent of early school leavers not in the labour force were also not undertaking study. Of those seeking work, 77.6 per cent were not studying.

Table 7.1: Labour force destination of early school leavers, by study destination, Queensland 2015 STUDY DESTINATION Studying Not studying Total Labour force destination no. % no. % no. % Work Apprenticeship or traineeshipa 900 97.8 20 2.2 920 100.0

Other 367 19.2 1 547 80.8 1 914 100.0

Work Total 1 267 44.7 1 567 55.3 2 834 100.0 Seeking work 402 22.4 1 395 77.6 1 797 100.0

NILF 344 39.6 525 60.4 869 100.0

Total 2 013 36.6 3 487 63.4 5 500 100.0 a There were 20 apprentices and trainees who indicated they had already completed the study component of their program.

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 67

Not studying

This section explores those early school Table 7.2: Early school leavers not in leavers from 2014 who were not in education or education or training, by selected key training. Excluded from this section are the 20 characteristics, Queensland 2015 apprentices and trainees who indicated that Characteristic no. %a they had already completed the study All early school leavers 3 467 63.0 component of their apprenticeship/traineeship. Male 2 078 64.2 Female 1 389 61.4 Table 7.2 provides selected key characteristics of this group of early school leavers. Indigenous 456 73.7 Non-Indigenous 3 011 61.7 Table 7.3 compares the main destination of South East Queenslandb 2 000 63.4 male and female early school leavers who were Regional Queenslandb 1 467 62.6 not in education or training at the time of the Year 10 551 62.0 survey. Year 11 1 839 60.7 Year 12 1 077 68.0 14 years or younger 489 60.1 15 years of age 1 278 60.5 16 years of age 1 339 65.2 17 years or older 361 69.6 a Percentages based on proportion within characteristic. b South East Queensland/Regional Queensland location based on address of school attended in 2014.

Table 7.3: Main destination of early school leavers not in education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015 SEX Male Female Total Main destination no. % no. % no. % Work

Full-time employment 495 23.8 195 14.0 690 19.9

Part-time employment 447 21.5 410 29.5 857 24.7

Work Total 942 45.3 605 43.6 1 547 44.6

Seeking work 885 42.6 510 36.7 1 395 40.2

NILF 251 12.1 274 19.7 525 15.1

Total 2 078 100.0 1 389 100.0 3 467 100.0

68 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Figure 7.1 shows the main destination of early school leavers who were not in education or training based on the year level they exited the school system.

Figure 7.1: Main destination of early school leavers not in education or training, by year level, Queensland 2015

% 20

0 Full-time employment Part-time employment Seeking work NILF

Year 10 Year 11 Year 12

Early school leavers were asked to provide reasons why they were not undertaking study, as shown in Figure 7.2. As early school leavers were able to select up to five reasons, this figure may include multiple responses from each person.

Figure 7.2: Reasons for not studying of early school leavers not in education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015

Undecided and considering options

Not interested in further study/already finished studying

Looking for work/apprenticeship/traineeship

Work commitments

Waiting for course/training to begin

Don't feel ready for study at the moment

Wanted to earn own money

Course fees and other costs are a barrier

Health reasons

Family commitments - parenting own child

Wanted a break from study

Disability

0 5 10 15 20 25 Male Female %

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 69

Early school leavers were also asked to indicate the single most important reason for not being in education or training, which is shown in Table 7.4.

Table 7.4: Main reason for not studying of early school leavers not in education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015 SEX Male Female Total Main reason no. % no. % no. % Undecided and considering options 356 17.1 269 19.4 625 18.0

Not interested in further study/already finished studying 436 21.0 181 13.0 617 17.8

Looking for work/apprenticeship/traineeship 322 15.5 80 5.8 402 11.6

Waiting for course/training to begin 126 6.1 178 12.8 304 8.8

Work commitments 205 9.9 81 5.8 286 8.2

Don't feel ready for study at the moment 107 5.1 83 6.0 190 5.5

Wanted to earn own money 94 4.5 52 3.7 146 4.2

Course fees and other costs are a barrier 69 3.3 76 5.5 145 4.2

Health reasons 66 3.2 71 5.1 137 4.0

Family commitments - parenting own child 10 0.5 93 6.7 103 3.0

Wanted a break from study 38 1.8 40 2.9 78 2.2

Disability 47 2.3 20 1.4 67 1.9

Don't meet the entry criteria for the program I want to do 17 0.8 22 1.6 39 1.1

Working in order to finance further study 15 0.7 23 1.7 38 1.1

Going into, or already in, the armed services 32 1.5 3 0.2 35 1.0

Family commitments - excluding pregnancy/parenting own 18 0.9 17 1.2 35 1.0 child Pregnancy 1 0.0 26 1.9 27 0.8

Would have to move away from home 10 0.5 16 1.2 26 0.7

Sports commitments 8 0.4 1 0.1 9 0.3

Working to qualify for independent Youth Allowance 2 0.1 2 0.1 4 0.1

Other 99 4.8 55 4.0 154 4.4

Total 2 078 100.0 1 389 100.0 3 467 100.0

70 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Figure 7.3 shows the main reason for not studying by early school leavers not in education or training based on the year level they exited the school system.

Figure 7.3: Main reason for not studying of early school leavers not in education or training, by year level, Queensland 2015

Undecided and considering options

Not interested in further study/already finished studying

Looking for work/apprenticeship/traineeship

Waiting for course/training to begin

Work commitments

Don't feel ready for study at the moment

Wanted to earn own money

Course fees and other costs are a barrier

Health reasons

Family commitments - parenting own child

Wanted a break from study

Disability

Other

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12 %

Table 7.5 reports the main reason for not studying by early school leavers not in education or training based on the geographical location of their school.

Table 7.5: Main reason for not studying of early school leavers not in education or training, by South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, Queensland 2015 SOUTH EAST QUEENSLAND/REGIONAL QUEENSLANDa South East Regional Total Main reason Queensland Queensland no. % no. % no. % Undecided and considering options 386 19.3 239 16.3 625 18.0

Not interested in further study/already finished studying 340 17.0 277 18.9 617 17.8

Looking for work/apprenticeship/traineeship 227 11.4 175 11.9 402 11.6

Waiting for course/training to begin 184 9.2 120 8.2 304 8.8

Work commitments 147 7.4 139 9.5 286 8.2

Don't feel ready for study at the moment 107 5.4 83 5.7 190 5.5

Wanted to earn own money 89 4.5 57 3.9 146 4.2

Course fees and other costs are a barrier 90 4.5 55 3.7 145 4.2

Health reasons 100 5.0 37 2.5 137 4.0

Family commitments - parenting own child 52 2.6 51 3.5 103 3.0

Wanted a break from study 51 2.6 27 1.8 78 2.2

Disability 36 1.8 31 2.1 67 1.9

Don't meet the entry criteria for the program I want to do 23 1.2 16 1.1 39 1.1

Working in order to finance further study 22 1.1 16 1.1 38 1.1

Going into, or already in, the armed services 22 1.1 13 0.9 35 1.0

Family commitments - excluding pregnancy/parenting own 17 0.9 18 1.2 35 1.0 child Pregnancy 14 0.7 13 0.9 27 0.8

Other 93 4.7 100 6.8 193 5.6

Total 2 000 100.0 1 467 100.0 3 467 100.0 a South East Queensland/Regional Queensland location based on address of school attended in 2014.

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 71

Not employed A selection of key characteristics of the 2666 early school leavers who were not employed at the time of the survey are shown in Table 7.6.

Table 7.6: Early school leavers not employed, by selected key characteristics, Queensland 2015 Characteristic no. %a All early school leavers 2 666 48.5 Male 1 455 44.9 Female 1 211 53.5 Indigenous 445 71.9 Non-Indigenous 2 221 45.5 South East Queenslandb 1 564 49.6 Regional Queenslandb 1 102 47.0 Year 10 437 49.2 Year 11 1 445 47.7 Year 12 784 49.5 14 years or younger 373 45.8 15 years of age 984 46.6 16 years of age 1 040 50.6 17 years or older 269 51.8 a Percentages based on proportion within characteristic. b South East Queensland/Regional Queensland location based on address of school attended in 2014.

Table 7.7 reports the main destination of male and female early school leavers who were not employed at the time of the survey.

Table 7.7: Main destination of early school leavers not employed, by sex, Queensland 2015 SEX Male Female Total Main destination no. % no. % no. % Bachelor Degree 11 0.8 14 1.2 25 0.9 VET VET Cert IV+ 90 6.2 151 12.5 241 9.0 VET Cert III 89 6.1 143 11.8 232 8.7 VET Cert I-II/other 85 5.8 79 6.5 164 6.2

VET Total 264 18.1 373 30.8 637 23.9

Secondary study 44 3.0 40 3.3 84 3.2 Seeking work 885 60.8 510 42.1 1 395 52.3 NILFET 251 17.3 274 22.6 525 19.7

Total 1 455 100.0 1 211 100.0 2 666 100.0

72 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Not studying or employed Of the 1920 early school leavers who were not studying or employed there were two distinct groups of young people; the 1395 young people (25.4 per cent of all early school leavers) who were seeking work, and the 525 (9.5 per cent of all early school leavers) who were not seeking work. The data in this section reflects the situation at the time of the survey only.

Seeking work Table 7.8 provides key characteristics of the 1395 early school leavers who were not in employment, education or training but were seeking work.

Table 7.8: Early school leavers not studying and not employed but seeking work, by selected key characteristics, Queensland 2015 Characteristic no. %a All early school leavers 1 395 25.4 Male 885 27.3 Female 510 22.5 Indigenous 243 39.3 Non-Indigenous 1 152 23.6 South East Queenslandb 804 25.5 Regional Queenslandb 591 25.2 Year 10 228 25.6 Year 11 738 24.4 Year 12 429 27.1 14 years or younger 190 23.3 15 years of age 506 23.9 16 years of age 565 27.5 17 years or older 134 25.8 a Percentages based on proportion within characteristic. b South East Queensland/Regional Queensland location based on address of school attended in 2014.

Early school leavers who were not in employment, education or training but seeking work were asked to indicate the industries in which they were seeking work. The most common responses are shown in Figure 7.4. Respondents may have chosen multiple industry categories.

Figure 7.4: Proportion of early school leavers not studying and not employed seeking work in selected industry catagories, by sex, Queensland 2015

No preference

Construction

Accommodation and Food Services

Other Services

Retail Trade

Health Care and Social Assistance

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing

Manufacturing

Don't know

Other

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Female Male %

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 73

Not seeking work The survey found that 525 early school leavers were not in the labour force, education or training, representing 9.5 per cent of early school leavers overall (as shown in Table 2.1). Selected key characteristics of the early school leavers in this category are displayed in Table 7.9.

Table 7.9: Early school leavers not in the labour force, education or training, by selected key characteristics, Queensland 2015 Characteristic no. %a All early school leavers 525 9.5 Male 251 7.8 Female 274 12.1 Indigenous 98 15.8 Non-Indigenous 427 8.7 South East Queenslandb 318 10.1 Regional Queenslandb 207 8.8 Year 10 88 9.9 Year 11 279 9.2 Year 12 158 10.0 14 years or younger 73 9.0 15 years of age 201 9.5 16 years of age 187 9.1 17 years or older 64 12.3 a Percentages based on proportion within characteristic. b South East Queensland/Regional Queensland location based on address of school attended in 2014.

74 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Figure 7.5 shows the main reason given for not studying by male and female early school leavers who were not in the labour force, education or training.

Figure 7.5: Main reason for not studying of early school leavers not in the labour force, education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015

Health reasons

Family commitments - parenting own child

Undecided and considering options

Not interested in further study/already finished studying

Waiting for course/training to begin

Disability

Don't feel ready for study at the moment

Pregnancy

Family commitments - excluding pregnancy/parenting own…

Course fees and other costs are a barrier

Wanted a break from study

Looking for work/apprenticeship/traineeship

Going into, or already in, the armed services

Don't meet the entry criteria for the program I want to do

Other

0 5 10 15 20 25 Male Female %

The survey also asked for the main reason for not seeking work among this group and these results are presented in Figure 7.6.

Figure 7.6: Main reason for not seeking work of early school leavers not in the labour force, education or training, by sex, Queensland 2015

Health reasons

Family commitments–parenting own child

Future study commitments

Disability

Don't wish to work

Don't feel ready for paid employment

Accepted a job that will start at a later date

Pregnancy

Family commitments–excluding pregnancy/parenting

Have been unsuccessful finding a job

Transport difficulties

Travel

No financial need to undertake paid employment

Sports commitments

Other

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Male Female %

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 75

The geographical location of the last school attended by early school leavers who were not studying or employed and not seeking work did not have a major influence over the main reasons given for not studying and for not seeking work. However, there were some variations as highlighted in Figures 7.7 and 7.8.

Figure 7.7: Main reason for not studying of early school leavers not in the labour force, education or training, South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, Queensland 2015

24 More influential in More influential in South East Queensland Regional Queensland 20

12 %

0 Health reasons Waiting for Family commitments - Disability course/training to begin parenting own child

South East Queensland Regional Queensland

Figure 7.8: Main reason for not seeking work of early school leavers not in the labour force, education or training, South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, Queensland 2015

30 More influential in More influential in South East Queensland Regional Queensland 25

% 15

0 Don't feel ready for paid Health reasons Family commitments - Pregnancy employment parenting own child

South East Queensland Regional Queensland

76 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

The year level early school leavers left school also did not have a major influence over the main reasons given for not studying and for not seeking work. Figure 7.9 highlights the most notable reasons for not studying by year level and Figure 7.10 shows the most notable reasons for not seeking work by year level.

Figure 7.9: Main reason for not studying of early school leavers not in the labour force, education or training, by year level, Queensland 2015

18 More influential for More influential for earlier school leavers later school leavers 16

% 8

0 Undecided and Course fees and other Family commitments - Not interested in further considering options costs are a barrier parenting own child study/already finished studying Year 10 Year 11 Year 12

Figure 7.10: Main reason for not seeking work of early school leavers not in the labour force, education or training, by year level, Queensland 2015

25 More influential for More influential for earlier school leavers later school leavers

% 10

0 Future study Don't feel ready for paid Family commitments– Don't wish to work commitments employment parenting own child

Year 10 Year 11 Year 12

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 77

Chapter 8 – Regional differences in post- school destinations

This chapter outlines regional differences in the destinations of early school leavers and provides a comparison of South East Queensland and Regional Queensland areas, followed by analysis of Education Council zones and ABS Statistical Area Level 4 (SA4). Early school leavers were assigned to an area based on the address of the school they attended in 2014.

South East Queensland/Regional Queensland South East Queensland is defined as the SA4s Mackay, Queensland - Outback, Toowoomba, of Brisbane - East, Brisbane - North, Brisbane - Townsville and Wide Bay. See Appendix 6 for a South, Brisbane - West, Brisbane Inner City, further explanation of the regional areas. Gold Coast, Ipswich, Logan - Beaudesert, Moreton Bay - North, Moreton Bay - South and Table 8.1 and Figure 8.1 on the following page Sunshine Coast. compare the main destination of early school leavers from South East Queensland with Regional Queensland encompasses the SA4s those from Regional Queensland. of Cairns, Darling Downs - Maranoa, Fitzroy,

Table 8.1: Main destination of early school leavers, by South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, Queensland 2015 SOUTH EAST QUEENSLAND/REGIONAL QUEENSLAND South East Regional Total Main destination Queensland Queensland no. % no. % no. % Bachelor Degree 32 1.0 7 0.3 39 0.7

VET

VET Cert IV+ 288 9.1 112 4.8 400 7.3

VET Cert III 188 6.0 160 6.8 348 6.3

VET Cert I–II/other 112 3.5 104 4.4 216 3.9

Apprenticeship 395 12.5 372 15.9 767 13.9

Traineeship 80 2.5 73 3.1 153 2.8

VET Total 1 063 33.7 821 35.0 1 884 34.3

Secondary study 61 1.9 49 2.1 110 2.0

Work

Full-time employment 379 12.0 311 13.3 690 12.5

Part-time employment 499 15.8 358 15.3 857 15.6

Work Total 878 27.8 669 28.5 1 547 28.1

Seeking work 804 25.5 591 25.2 1 395 25.4

NILFET 318 10.1 207 8.8 525 9.5

Total 3 156 100.0 2 344 100.0 5 500 100.0

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 79

Figure 8.1: Main destination of early school leavers, by South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, Queensland 2015

South East Queensland Regional Queensland

Region by sex Figure 8.2 compares the main destination of early school leavers in South East Queensland and Regional Queensland areas by sex.

Figure 8.2: Main destination of early school leavers, by South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, by sex, Queensland 2015

% 10

Male - South East Female - South East Male - Regional Female - Regional Queensland Queensland Queensland Queensland

80 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Region by year level Figures 8.3 and 8.4 highlight the main destination of early school leavers by year level in South East Queensland and Regional Queensland respectively.

Figure 8.3: Main destination of early school leavers from South East Queensland, by year level, Queensland 2015

% 15

Year 10 Year 11 Year 12

Figure 8.4: Main destination of early school leavers from Regional Queensland, by year level, Queensland 2015

% 15

Year 10 Year 11 Year 12

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 81

Region by study level Table 8.2 presents the study level of early school leavers who were in education or training from South East Queensland and Regional Queensland.

Table 8.2: Level of study of early school leavers in education or training, by South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, Queensland 2015 SOUTH EAST QUEENSLAND/REGIONAL QUEENSLAND South East Regional Total Level of study Queensland Queensland no. % no. % no. % Bachelor Degree 32 2.8 7 0.8 39 1.9

VET

Advanced Diploma 10 0.9 3 0.3 13 0.6

Diploma 250 21.9 92 10.6 342 17.0

VET Certificate IV 61 5.3 37 4.2 98 4.9

VET Certificate III 544 47.7 516 59.2 1 060 52.7

VET Certificate II 63 5.5 71 8.1 134 6.7

VET Certificate I 10 0.9 4 0.5 14 0.7

VET unspecified 71 6.2 59 6.8 130 6.5

VET Total 1 009 88.4 782 89.7 1 791 89.0

Secondary study Year 12 29 2.5 21 2.4 50 2.5

Year 11 20 1.8 4 0.5 24 1.2

Year 10 13 1.1 25 2.9 38 1.9

Secondary study Total 62 5.4 50 5.7 112 5.6 Other 38 3.3 33 3.8 71 3.5

Total 1 141 100.0 872 100.0 2 013 100.0

82 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Region by occupation The differences in the occupations of early school leavers in employment from South East Queensland and Regional Queensland are presented in Table 8.3.

Table 8.3: Occupational Sub-Major Group of early school leavers in employment, by South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, Queensland 2015 SOUTH EAST QUEENSLAND/REGIONAL QUEENSLAND South East Regional Total Occupation - Sub-Major Groupa Queensland Queensland no. % no. % no. % Sales Assistants and Salespersons 230 14.4 160 12.9 390 13.8

Automotive and Engineering Trades Workers 116 7.3 168 13.5 284 10.0

Construction Trades Workers 162 10.2 95 7.6 257 9.1

Sales Support Workers 113 7.1 105 8.5 218 7.7

Food Trades Workers 122 7.7 87 7.0 209 7.4

Other Labourers 100 6.3 85 6.8 185 6.5

Hospitality Workers 118 7.4 59 4.8 177 6.2

Food Preparation Assistants 93 5.8 54 4.3 147 5.2

Other Technicians and Trades Workers 77 4.8 55 4.4 132 4.7

Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers 39 2.4 92 7.4 131 4.6

Construction and Mining Labourers 80 5.0 39 3.1 119 4.2

Cleaners and Laundry Workers 41 2.6 30 2.4 71 2.5

Carers and Aides 33 2.1 29 2.3 62 2.2

Factory Process Workers 31 1.9 23 1.9 54 1.9

Electrotechnology and Telecommunications Trades Workers 23 1.4 26 2.1 49 1.7

Skilled Animal and Horticultural Workers 28 1.8 16 1.3 44 1.6

Inquiry Clerks and Receptionists 14 0.9 15 1.2 29 1.0

Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers 15 0.9 12 1.0 27 1.0

Road and Rail Drivers 21 1.3 6 0.5 27 1.0

Storepersons 19 1.2 8 0.6 27 1.0

Other 117 7.3 78 6.3 195 6.9

Total 1 592 100.0 1 242 100.0 2 834 100.0 a Occupational groups are based on the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations. See Appendix 5 for further information.

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 83

Education Council zone differences The main destination of early school leavers was also analysed by geographical location, as shown in Figure 8.5. The Education Council classification was used to define the geographical location of each student. Students were allocated, on the basis of the school they attended, to categories based on remoteness and population of the location.

Figure 8.5: Main destination of early school leavers, by SCSEEC zone, Queensland 2015

20 % 15

Capital City Urban 100,000+ Provincial 25,000-99,999 Provincial <25,000 Remote Very remote

ABS Statistical Area Level 4 Analysis was also conducted by Statistical Area Level 4 (SA4), based on the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) (2011). Boundaries for these SA4s in South East Queensland and Regional Queensland are shown in Appendix 6.

Figure 8.6 shows the proportions of early school leavers in post-school education, training and employment with those just in post-school education or training highlighted separately.

84 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Figure 8.6: Proportion of early school leavers in post-school education, training or employment, by SA4, Queensland 2015

% 40

Education or training Employment Queensland

Bachelor Degree and Secondary study Table 8.4 presents the proportion of early school leavers undertaking a Bachelor Degree or undertaking secondary studies at a non-school provider as their main destination by SA4.

Table 8.4: Main destination (Bachelor Degree and Secondary study) of early school leavers, by SA4, Queensland 2015 MAIN DESTINATION Bachelor Secondary Total Region Degree study no. %a no. %a no. Brisbane - East 0 0.0 2 1.4 144

Brisbane - North 0 0.0 0 0.0 115

Brisbane - South 7 2.0 11 3.1 350

Brisbane - West 1 0.9 4 3.4 117

Brisbane Inner City 3 3.5 1 1.2 85

Cairns 2 0.5 6 1.4 415

Darling Downs - Maranoa 0 0.0 2 0.9 212

Fitzroy 1 0.3 7 2.0 358

Gold Coast 7 1.3 19 3.5 545

Ipswich 2 0.5 6 1.4 420

Logan - Beaudesert 0 0.0 7 1.9 370

Mackay 0 0.0 2 0.9 230

Moreton Bay - North 1 0.3 1 0.3 348

Moreton Bay - South 2 1.2 5 2.9 172

Queensland - Outback 0 0.0 1 0.8 119

Sunshine Coast 9 1.8 5 1.0 490

Toowoomba 1 0.5 3 1.5 204

Townsville 1 0.3 11 3.8 289

Wide Bay 2 0.4 17 3.3 517

Total 39 0.7 110 2.0 5 500 a Percentages based on proportion within region.

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 85

Campus-based VET Table 8.5 shows the proportion of early school leavers undertaking campus-based VET as their main destination by SA4.

Table 8.5: Main destination (Campus-based VET) of early school leavers, by SA4, Queensland 2015 MAIN DESTINATION VET Cert I–II VET Cert IV+ VET Cert III Total Region /other no. %a no. %a no. %a no. Brisbane - East 14 9.7 5 3.5 1 0.7 144

Brisbane - North 12 10.4 7 6.1 2 1.7 115

Brisbane - South 45 12.9 30 8.6 19 5.4 350

Brisbane - West 11 9.4 5 4.3 3 2.6 117

Brisbane Inner City 7 8.2 4 4.7 5 5.9 85

Cairns 25 6.0 38 9.2 14 3.4 415

Darling Downs - Maranoa 11 5.2 13 6.1 3 1.4 212

Fitzroy 10 2.8 19 5.3 16 4.5 358

Gold Coast 50 9.2 27 5.0 18 3.3 545

Ipswich 33 7.9 25 6.0 18 4.3 420

Logan - Beaudesert 23 6.2 21 5.7 15 4.1 370

Mackay 8 3.5 13 5.7 15 6.5 230

Moreton Bay - North 31 8.9 17 4.9 9 2.6 348

Moreton Bay - South 19 11.0 8 4.7 6 3.5 172

Queensland - Outback 1 0.8 7 5.9 1 0.8 119

Sunshine Coast 43 8.8 39 8.0 16 3.3 490

Toowoomba 12 5.9 15 7.4 7 3.4 204

Townsville 11 3.8 17 5.9 9 3.1 289

Wide Bay 34 6.6 38 7.4 39 7.5 517

Total 400 7.3 348 6.3 216 3.9 5 500 a Percentages based on proportion within region.

86 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Employment-based VET The proportion of early school leavers participating in employment-based VET programs by SA4 is presented in Table 8.6.

Table 8.6: Main destination (Employment-based VET) of early school leavers, by SA4, Queensland 2015 MAIN DESTINATION Apprenticeship Traineeship Total Region no. %a no. %a no. Brisbane - East 27 18.8 3 2.1 144

Brisbane - North 12 10.4 3 2.6 115

Brisbane - South 24 6.9 11 3.1 350

Brisbane - West 12 10.3 3 2.6 117

Brisbane Inner City 9 10.6 2 2.4 85

Cairns 55 13.3 11 2.7 415

Darling Downs - Maranoa 40 18.9 8 3.8 212

Fitzroy 63 17.6 10 2.8 358

Gold Coast 78 14.3 10 1.8 545

Ipswich 36 8.6 9 2.1 420

Logan - Beaudesert 44 11.9 8 2.2 370

Mackay 45 19.6 11 4.8 230

Moreton Bay - North 57 16.4 8 2.3 348

Moreton Bay - South 22 12.8 9 5.2 172

Queensland - Outback 20 16.8 4 3.4 119

Sunshine Coast 74 15.1 14 2.9 490

Toowoomba 40 19.6 6 2.9 204

Townsville 43 14.9 6 2.1 289

Wide Bay 66 12.8 17 3.3 517

Total 767 13.9 153 2.8 5 500 a Percentages based on proportion within region.

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 87

Employment with no further education or training Table 8.7 shows the proportion of early school leavers who transitioned to employment with no further education or training by SA4.

Table 8.7: Main destination (Work) of early school leavers, by SA4, Queensland 2015 MAIN DESTINATION Full-time Part-time Total Region employment employment no. %a no. %a no. Brisbane - East 22 15.3 31 21.5 144

Brisbane - North 11 9.6 17 14.8 115

Brisbane - South 29 8.3 60 17.1 350

Brisbane - West 11 9.4 26 22.2 117

Brisbane Inner City 10 11.8 12 14.1 85

Cairns 56 13.5 65 15.7 415

Darling Downs - Maranoa 37 17.5 24 11.3 212

Fitzroy 49 13.7 63 17.6 358

Gold Coast 70 12.8 87 16.0 545

Ipswich 40 9.5 56 13.3 420

Logan - Beaudesert 61 16.5 39 10.5 370

Mackay 33 14.3 29 12.6 230

Moreton Bay - North 41 11.8 54 15.5 348

Moreton Bay - South 18 10.5 31 18.0 172

Queensland - Outback 17 14.3 13 10.9 119

Sunshine Coast 66 13.5 86 17.6 490

Toowoomba 19 9.3 31 15.2 204

Townsville 45 15.6 51 17.6 289

Wide Bay 55 10.6 82 15.9 517

Total 690 12.5 857 15.6 5 500 a Percentages based on proportion within region.

88 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Seeking work and Not in the labour force, education or training The final two main destinations of seeking work and not in the labour force, education or training by SA4 are shown in Table 8.8.

Table 8.8: Main destination (Seeking work and NILFET) of early school leavers, by SA4, Queensland 2015 MAIN DESTINATION Seeking work NILFET Total Region no. %a no. %a no. Brisbane - East 29 20.1 10 6.9 144

Brisbane - North 37 32.2 14 12.2 115

Brisbane - South 80 22.9 34 9.7 350

Brisbane - West 29 24.8 12 10.3 117

Brisbane Inner City 19 22.4 13 15.3 85

Cairns 106 25.5 37 8.9 415

Darling Downs - Maranoa 57 26.9 17 8.0 212

Fitzroy 78 21.8 42 11.7 358

Gold Coast 133 24.4 46 8.4 545

Ipswich 139 33.1 56 13.3 420

Logan - Beaudesert 115 31.1 37 10.0 370

Mackay 61 26.5 13 5.7 230

Moreton Bay - North 85 24.4 44 12.6 348

Moreton Bay - South 38 22.1 14 8.1 172

Queensland - Outback 41 34.5 14 11.8 119

Sunshine Coast 100 20.4 38 7.8 490

Toowoomba 58 28.4 12 5.9 204

Townsville 69 23.9 26 9.0 289

Wide Bay 121 23.4 46 8.9 517

Total 1 395 25.4 525 9.5 5 500 a Percentages based on proportion within region.

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 89

Chapter 9 – Main destinations of early school leavers by subgroups

This chapter examines the main destinations of early school leavers according to Indigenous status, language background and socioeconomic status. An examination of main destinations by sex, year level and geographic location is provided in earlier chapters.

Indigenous status Of the 5500 respondents to the survey, 619 early school leavers identified as being of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin.

Care should be taken when comparing findings in this chapter with those from other groups of young people and over previous years. Indigenous persons had substantially lower contact rates, and hence response rates, to other groups and as a result there is an increased risk that Indigenous responders may have different destination patterns to the entire Indigenous early school leaver population. It is not possible to quantify the degree of bias.

Main destination Figure 9.1 illustrates the main destination of Indigenous early school leavers from 2014 who responded to the 2015 Early School Leavers survey.

Figure 9.1: Main destination of Indigenous early school leavers, Queensland 2015

15.8% VET Categories

Bachelor Degree (0.0%) 6.0% VET Cert IV+ (6.0%) VET Cert III (6.5%) VET Cert I–II/other (4.4%) 39.3% 6.5% Apprenticeship (4.5%) 23.7% Traineeship (2.4%) 4.4% Secondary study (2.6%) Full-time employment (9.2%) 4.5% Part-time employment (9.4%) 2.4% Seeking work (39.3%) 0.0% 2.6% NILFET (15.8%) 9.2% 9.4%

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 91

Indigenous status Table 9.1 and Figure 9.2 compare the main destination of Indigenous and non-Indigenous early school leavers.

Table 9.1: Main destination of early school leavers, by Indigenous status, Queensland 2015 INDIGENOUS STATUS Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total Main destination no. % no. % no. % Bachelor Degree 0 0.0 39 0.8 39 0.7

VET

VET Cert IV+ 37 6.0 363 7.4 400 7.3

VET Cert III 40 6.5 308 6.3 348 6.3

VET Cert I–II/other 27 4.4 189 3.9 216 3.9

Apprenticeship 28 4.5 739 15.1 767 13.9

Traineeship 15 2.4 138 2.8 153 2.8

VET Total 147 23.7 1 737 35.6 1 884 34.3

Secondary study 16 2.6 94 1.9 110 2.0

Work

Full-time employment 57 9.2 633 13.0 690 12.5

Part-time employment 58 9.4 799 16.4 857 15.6

Work Total 115 18.6 1 432 29.3 1 547 28.1

Seeking work 243 39.3 1 152 23.6 1 395 25.4

NILFET 98 15.8 427 8.7 525 9.5

Total 619 100.0 4 881 100.0 5 500 100.0

Figure 9.2: Main destination of early school leavers, by Indigenous status, Queensland 2015

% 20

Indigenous Non-Indigenous

92 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Indigenous destinations by sex Table 9.2 and Figure 9.3 report the main destination of Indigenous early school leavers by sex.

Table 9.2: Main destination of Indigenous early school leavers, by sex, Queensland 2015 SEX Male Female Total Main destination no. % no. % no. % Bachelor Degree 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

VET

VET Cert IV+ 6 1.8 31 11.0 37 6.0

VET Cert III 11 3.3 29 10.2 40 6.5

VET Cert I–II/other 13 3.9 14 4.9 27 4.4

Apprenticeship 26 7.7 2 0.7 28 4.5

Traineeship 8 2.4 7 2.5 15 2.4

VET Total 64 19.0 83 29.3 147 23.7

Secondary study 14 4.2 2 0.7 16 2.6

Work

Full-time employment 41 12.2 16 5.7 57 9.2

Part-time employment 35 10.4 23 8.1 58 9.4

Work Total 76 22.6 39 13.8 115 18.6

Seeking work 136 40.5 107 37.8 243 39.3

NILFET 46 13.7 52 18.4 98 15.8

Total 336 100.0 283 100.0 619 100.0

Figure 9.3: Main destination of Indigenous early school leavers, by sex, Queensland 2015

25 % 20

Male Female

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 93

Indigenous destinations by year level Figure 9.4 shows the main destination of Indigenous early school leavers by year level.

Figure 9.4: Main destination of Indigenous early school leavers, by year level, Queensland 2015

% 20

Year 10 Year 11 Year 12

Indigenous destinations by South East Queensland/Regional Queensland Geographical differences in the main destination of Indigenous early school leavers are shown in Table 9.3.

Table 9.3: Main destination of Indigenous early school leavers, by South East Queensland/Regional Queensland, Queensland 2015 SOUTH EAST QUEENSLAND/REGIONAL QUEENSLAND South East Regional Total Main destination Queensland Queensland no. % no. % no. % Bachelor Degree 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

VET

VET Cert IV+ 27 12.3 10 2.5 37 6.0

VET Cert III 10 4.5 30 7.5 40 6.5

VET Cert I–II/other 6 2.7 21 5.3 27 4.4

Apprenticeship 10 4.5 18 4.5 28 4.5

Traineeship 3 1.4 12 3.0 15 2.4

VET Total 56 25.5 91 22.8 147 23.7

Secondary study 7 3.2 9 2.3 16 2.6

Work

Full-time employment 18 8.2 39 9.8 57 9.2

Part-time employment 27 12.3 31 7.8 58 9.4

Work Total 45 20.5 70 17.5 115 18.6

Seeking work 83 37.7 160 40.1 243 39.3

NILFET 29 13.2 69 17.3 98 15.8

Total 220 100.0 399 100.0 619 100.0

94 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Main destination of Indigenous early school leavers over time

Figure 9.5 compares the main destinations of Table 9.4: Response rates of Indigeneous Indigenous early school leavers surveyed in early school leavers, 2007–2015 2015 with Indigenous early school leavers Response Respondents surveyed previously. As noted in Chapter 2, Year Rate there was a break in the time series between no. % 2010 and 2011 due to the inclusion of early 2007 336 35.8 school leavers from non-government schools. 2008 400 38.1 2009 399 41.9 Care should also be taken when interpreting 2010 329 43.6 these results due to the varying response rates 2011 322 20.0 achieved across the years, these are in Table 2012 623 30.4 9.4. 2013 551 35.6

2014 577 32.8

2015 619 34.3

Figure 9.5: Main destination of Indigenous early school leavers, Queensland 2007–2015

20 %

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 95

Education and training destinations of Indigenous early school leavers Table 9.5 presents the study destinations of Indigenous early school leavers in post-school education or training.

Table 9.5: Level of study of Indigenous early school leavers in education or training, Queensland 2015

Level of study no. % Bachelor Degree 0 0.0 VET

Associate Degree 0 0.0

Advanced Diploma 0 0.0

Diploma 34 21.0

VET Certificate IV 3 1.9

VET Certificate III 74 45.7

VET Certificate II 15 9.3

VET Certificate I 1 0.6

VET unspecified 12 7.4

VET Total 139 85.8

Secondary study

Year 12 8 4.9

Year 11 2 1.2

Year 10 6 3.7

Secondary study Total 16 9.9

Other 7 4.3

Total 162 100.0

The field of study enrolled in by Indigenous early school leavers in education or training is shown in Figure 9.6.

Figure 9.6: Field of study of Indigenous early school leavers in education or training, Queensland 2015

Food, Hospitality and Personal Services

Management and Commerce

Society and Culture

Mixed Field Programs

Engineering and Related Technologies

Health

Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies

Creative Arts

Architecture and Building

Education

Information Technology

Other

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 %

96 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Employment destinations of Indigenous early school leavers Table 9.6 reports the occupations of Indigenous early school leavers in employment.

Table 9.6: Occupational Sub-Major Group of Indigenous early school leavers in employment, Queensland 2015 Occupation - Sub-Major Group no. % Sales Assistants and Salespersons 29 16.7 Other Labourers 20 11.5 Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers 19 10.9 Sales Support Workers 15 8.6 Construction Trades Workers 11 6.3 Food Trades Workers 10 5.7 Automotive and Engineering Trades Workers 9 5.2 Food Preparation Assistants 8 4.6 Hospitality Workers 7 4.0 Construction and Mining Labourers 7 4.0 Other Technicians and Trades Workers 6 3.4 Cleaners and Laundry Workers 5 2.9 Factory Process Workers 5 2.9 Electrotechnology and Telecommunications Trades Workers 4 2.3 Carers and Aides 3 1.7 Inquiry Clerks and Receptionists 3 1.7 Design, Engineering, Science and Transport Professionals 2 1.1 Other 11 6.3

Total 174 100.0

Indigenous early school leavers also provided details of the industry in which their employment takes place, as shown in Table 9.7.

Table 9.7: Industry category of Indigenous early school leavers in employment, Queensland 2015 Industry category no. % Accommodation and Food Services 35 20.1 Retail Trade 33 19.0 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 26 14.9 Construction 23 13.2 Manufacturing 17 9.8 Public Administration and Safety 7 4.0 Health Care and Social Assistance 6 3.4 Transport, Postal and Warehousing 4 2.3 Administrative and Support Services 3 1.7 Mining 2 1.1 Wholesale Trade 1 0.6 Information Media and Telecommunications 1 0.6 Rental, Hiring and Real Estate services 1 0.6 Professional, Scientific and Technical Services 1 0.6 Education and Training 1 0.6 Arts and Recreation Services 1 0.6 Other 12 6.9

Total 174 100.0

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 97

Table 9.8 and Figure 9.7 compare the hours worked by Indigenous early school leavers in employment by sex.

Table 9.8: Hours worked per week of Indigenous early school leavers in employment, by sex, Queensland 2015 SEX Male Female Total Hours worked per week no. % no. % no. % Part-time employment

1–7 1 0.9 1 1.6 2 1.1

8–14 3 2.7 7 11.5 10 5.7

15–24 17 15.0 18 29.5 35 20.1

25–34 19 16.8 11 18.0 30 17.2

Part-time employment Total 40 35.4 37 60.7 77 44.3

Full-time employment

35–39 26 23.0 13 21.3 39 22.4

40 or more 47 41.6 11 18.0 58 33.3

Full-time employment Total 73 64.6 24 39.3 97 55.7

Total 113 100.0 61 100.0 174 100.0

Figure 9.7: Hours worked per week of Indigenous early school leavers in employment, by sex, Queensland 2015

% 20

0 1–7 hours 8–14 hours 15–24 hours 25–34 hours 35–39 hours 40 or more hours

Male Female

98 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Language background other than English Table 9.9 and Figure 9.8 show the main destination of early school leavers according to whether they identified as having a language background other than English (LBOTE).

Table 9.9: Main destination of early school leavers, by language background, Queensland 2015 LBOTE Yes No Total Main destination no. % no. % no. % Bachelor Degree 3 1.7 36 0.7 39 0.7

VET

VET Cert IV+ 12 6.7 388 7.3 400 7.3

VET Cert III 13 7.3 335 6.3 348 6.3

VET Cert I–II/other 11 6.2 205 3.9 216 3.9

Apprenticeship 8 4.5 759 14.3 767 13.9

Traineeship 4 2.2 149 2.8 153 2.8

VET Total 48 27.0 1 836 34.5 1 884 34.3

Secondary study 5 2.8 105 2.0 110 2.0

Work

Full-time employment 20 11.2 670 12.6 690 12.5

Part-time employment 19 10.7 838 15.7 857 15.6

Work Total 39 21.9 1 508 28.3 1 547 28.1

Seeking work 64 36.0 1 331 25.0 1 395 25.4

NILFET 19 10.7 506 9.5 525 9.5

Total 178 100.0 5 322 100.0 5 500 100.0

Figure 9.8: Main destination of early school leavers, by language background, Queensland 2015

20 % 15

LBOTE Non-LBOTE

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 99

Socioeconomic status The Australian Bureau of Statistics’ 2011 Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) has been used to analyse the main destinations of early school leavers by socioeconomic status, based on the residential address of the students. Early school leavers were assigned to a SES quartile based on the state percentile rank for the Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage.

Table 9.10 provides selected key characteristics of early school leavers based on their socioeconomic status.

Table 9.10: Selected key characteristics of early school leavers, by socioeconomic status, Queensland 2015 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUSa Lowest Second lowest Second highest Highest

Characteristic SES quartile SES quartile SES quartile SES quartile no. %b no. %b no. %b no. %b All early school leavers 1 810 32.9 1 638 29.8 1 227 22.3 825 15.0 Male 1 049 32.4 964 29.8 735 22.7 490 15.1

Female 761 33.6 674 29.8 492 21.8 335 14.8 Indigenous 309 49.9 180 29.1 91 14.7 39 6.3 Non-Indigenous 1 501 30.8 1 458 29.9 1 136 23.3 786 16.1 South East Queenslandb 904 28.6 843 26.7 840 26.6 569 18.0

Regional Queenslandb 906 38.7 795 33.9 387 16.5 256 10.9 Year 10 335 37.7 261 29.4 180 20.2 113 12.7

Year 11 942 31.1 924 30.5 685 22.6 477 15.8

Year 12 533 33.7 453 28.6 362 22.9 235 14.8 14 years or younger 289 35.5 249 30.6 185 22.7 91 11.2

15 years of age 664 31.4 656 31.0 466 22.1 327 15.5

16 years of age 678 33.0 592 28.8 451 22.0 333 16.2

17 years or older 179 34.5 141 27.2 125 24.1 74 14.3 a Percentages based on proportion within characteristic. b South East Queensland/Regional Queensland location based on address of school attended in 2014.

100 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

The association between socioeconomic status and the main destination of early school leavers is illustrated in Table 9.11 and Figure 9.9.

Table 9.11: Main destination of early school leavers, by socioeconomic status, Queensland 2015 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUSa Lowest Second lowest Second highest Highest

Main destination SES quartile SES quartile SES quartile SES quartile no. % no. % no. % no. % Bachelor Degree 5 0.3 12 0.7 11 0.9 11 1.3

VET

VET Cert IV+ 137 7.6 92 5.6 99 8.1 72 8.7

VET Cert III 131 7.2 92 5.6 63 5.1 62 7.5

VET Cert I–II/other 69 3.8 79 4.8 45 3.7 23 2.8

Apprentice 187 10.3 225 13.7 193 15.7 162 19.6

Trainee 47 2.6 46 2.8 36 2.9 24 2.9

VET Total 571 31.5 534 32.6 436 35.5 343 41.6

Secondary study 30 1.7 35 2.1 25 2.0 20 2.4 Work

Full-time employment 204 11.3 219 13.4 176 14.3 91 11.0

Part-time employment 253 14.0 272 16.6 199 16.2 133 16.1

Work Total 457 25.2 491 30.0 375 30.6 224 27.2

Seeking work 529 29.2 418 25.5 279 22.7 169 20.5

NILFET 218 12.0 148 9.0 101 8.2 58 7.0

Total 1 810 100.0 1 638 100.0 1 227 100.0 825 100.0 a Excludes eight early school leavers for whom socioeconomic status could not be determined, based on residential address while at school.

Figure 9.9: Main destination of early school leavers, by socioeconomic status, Queensland 2015

% 15

Lowest Second lowest Second highest Highest SES quartile SES quartile SES quartile SES quartile

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 101

The main reason for not continuing with study was also examined by the socioeconomic background of early school leavers as shown in Table 9.12.

Table 9.12: Main reason for not studying of early school leavers, by socioeconomic status, Queensland 2015 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS Lowest Second lowest Second highest Highest

Main reason SES quartile SES quartile SES quartile SES quartile no. % no. % no. % no. % Undecided and considering options 203 16.9 191 18.1 140 18.5 91 20.2 Not interested in further study/already finished studying 235 19.5 168 15.9 139 18.4 75 16.6 Looking for work/apprenticeship/traineeship 143 11.9 133 12.6 79 10.5 47 10.4 Waiting for course/training to begin 95 7.9 89 8.4 79 10.5 41 9.1 Work commitments 91 7.6 95 9.0 67 8.9 33 7.3 Don't feel ready for study at the moment 74 6.1 56 5.3 37 4.9 23 5.1 Wanted to earn own money 53 4.4 46 4.4 26 3.4 21 4.7 Course fees and other costs are a barrier 42 3.5 50 4.7 32 4.2 21 4.7 Health reasons 39 3.2 41 3.9 32 4.2 25 5.5 Family commitments–parenting own child 48 4.0 35 3.3 13 1.7 7 1.6 Wanted a break from study 23 1.9 24 2.3 19 2.5 12 2.7 Disability 22 1.8 24 2.3 11 1.5 10 2.2 Don't meet the entry criteria for the program I want to do 11 0.9 8 0.8 12 1.6 8 1.8 Working in order to finance further study 9 0.7 11 1.0 9 1.2 9 2.0 Going into, or already in, the armed services 9 0.7 16 1.5 9 1.2 1 0.2 Family commitments–excluding pregnancy/parenting 16 1.3 6 0.6 9 1.2 4 0.9 Pregnancy 17 1.4 6 0.6 3 0.4 1 0.2 Would have to move away from home 11 0.9 10 0.9 4 0.5 1 0.2 Sports commitments 1 0.1 4 0.4 3 0.4 1 0.2 Working to qualify for independent Youth Allowance 1 0.1 2 0.2 1 0.1 0 0.0 Other 61 5.1 42 4.0 31 4.1 20 4.4

Total 1 204 100.0 1 057 100.0 755 100.0 451 100.0

102 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

Main destination by lowest SES quartile over time Figure 9.10 shows a time series of the main destination of early school leavers from the lowest SES quartile.

As noted in Chapter 2, there was a break in the time series between 2010 and 2011 due to the inclusion of early school leavers from non-government schools. Care should also be taken when interpreting these results due to the varying response rates achieved across the years.

Figure 9.10: Main destination of early school leavers in the lowest SES quartile, Queensland 2008–2015

% 15

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 103

Appendices

Appendix 1 – Queensland schools with early school leavers in 2014

School Locality A B Paterson College Arundel Albany Creek State High School Albany Creek Albert Park Flexible Learning Centre Brisbane Aldridge State High School Maryborough Alexandra Hills State High School Alexandra Hills All Hallows' School Brisbane All Saints Anglican School Merrimac Allora P-10 State School Allora Anglican Church Grammar School East Brisbane Annandale Christian College Annandale Aquinas College Ashmore Arcadia College Palm Beach Arethusa College Deception Bay Aspley State High School Aspley Assisi Catholic College Upper Coomera Assumption College Warwick Atherton State High School Atherton Australian Christian College - Moreton Caboolture Australian Industry Trade College Robina Australian Trade College North Brisbane Scarborough Aviation High School Hendra Ayr State High School Ayr Babinda State School Babinda Balmoral State High School Balmoral Barcaldine Prep-12 State School Barcaldine Beaudesert State High School Beaudesert Beenleigh Special School Mount Warren Park Beenleigh State High School Beenleigh Beerwah State High School Beerwah Benowa State High School Benowa Bentley Park College Bentley Park Biggenden State School Biggenden Biloela State High School Biloela Blackall State School Blackall

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 105

School Locality Blackwater State High School Blackwater Boonah State High School Boonah Bowen State High School Bowen Bracken Ridge State High School Bracken Ridge Bray Park State High School Bray Park Bremer State High School Ipswich Bribie Island State High School Bongaree Brigidine College Indooroopilly Brisbane Adventist College Mansfield Brisbane Bayside State College Wynnum West Brisbane Boys' College Toowong Brisbane Christian College Salisbury Brisbane Girls Grammar School Brisbane Brisbane Grammar School Brisbane Brisbane School Of Distance Education Coorparoo Brisbane State High School South Brisbane Brisbane Youth Education And Training Centre Wacol Browns Plains State High School Browns Plains Bundaberg Christian College Bundaberg Bundaberg North State High School Bundaberg North Bundaberg Special School Norville Bundaberg State High School Bundaberg South Bundamba State Secondary College Bundamba Burnett State College Gayndah Burnett Youth Learning Centre Elliott Burnside State High School Burnside Bwgcolman Community School Palm Island Caboolture State High School Caboolture Cairns School Of Distance Education Manunda Cairns State High School Cairns North Calamvale Community College Calamvale Calen District State College Calen Caloundra Christian College Caloundra Caloundra State High School Caloundra Calvary Christian College (Carbrook) Carbrook Calvary Christian College (Mount Louisa) Mount Louisa Cannon Hill Anglican College Cannon Hill Canterbury College Waterford Capalaba State College Capalaba Capella State High School Capella Capricornia (Emerald Campus) School Of Distance Education Emerald Carinity Education - Glendyne Nikenbah Carinity Education - Southside Sunnybank

106 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

School Locality Cavendish Road State High School Holland Park Centenary Heights State High School Centenary Heights Centenary State High School Jindalee Chancellor State College Sippy Downs Chanel College Gladstone Charleville School Of Distance Education Charleville Charleville State High School Charleville Charters Towers School Of Distance Education Millchester Charters Towers State High School Charters Towers Chinchilla State High School Chinchilla Chisholm Catholic College Cornubia Clairvaux Mackillop College Upper Mount Gravatt Claremont Special School Silkstone Clayfield College Clayfield Clermont State High School Clermont Cleveland District State High School Cleveland Cleveland Education And Training Centre Rowes Bay Clifford Park Special School Newtown Clifton State High School Clifton Cloncurry State School Cloncurry Clontarf Beach State High School Clontarf Collinsville State High School Collinsville Columba Catholic College Charters Towers Concordia Lutheran College Toowoomba Cooktown State School Cooktown Cooloola Christian College Gympie Coolum State High School Coolum Beach Coombabah State High School Coombabah Coomera Anglican College Coomera Coorparoo Secondary College Coorparoo Corinda State High School Corinda Craigslea State High School Chermside West Crow's Nest State School Crows Nest Cunnamulla State School Cunnamulla Dakabin State High School Dakabin Dalby State High School Dalby Darling Downs Christian School Toowoomba Darling Point Special School Manly Deception Bay Flexible Learning Centre Deception Bay Deception Bay State High School Deception Bay Dimbulah State School Dimbulah Dirranbandi P-10 State School Dirranbandi Djarragun College Gordonvale

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 107

School Locality Doomadgee State School Doomadgee Downlands Sacred Heart College Toowoomba Dysart State High School Dysart Eagleby Learning College Eagleby Earnshaw State College Banyo Elanora State High School Elanora Emerald Christian College Emerald Emerald State High School Emerald Emmanuel College, Carrara Carrara Emmaus College (Jimboomba) Jimboomba Emmaus College (North Rockhampton) Park Avenue Everton Park State High School Everton Park Faith Christian School Of Distance Education Karawatha Faith Lutheran College Plainland Faith Lutheran College - Redlands Thornlands Ferny Grove State High School Ferny Grove Flagstone State Community College Jimboomba Forest Lake State High School Forest Lake Fraser Coast Anglican College Wondunna Freshwater Christian College Brinsmead Genesis Christian College Bray Park Gilroy Santa Maria College Ingham Gin Gin State High School Gin Gin Gladstone State High School West Gladstone Glasshouse Christian College Beerwah Glenala State High School Durack Glenden State School Glenden Glenmore State High School Kawana Good Counsel College Innisfail Good Shepherd Catholic College Mount Isa Good Shepherd Lutheran College Noosaville Goodna Special School Goodna Goondiwindi State High School Goondiwindi Gordonvale State High School Gordonvale Grace Lutheran College Rothwell Groves Christian College Kingston Gympie Flexible Learning Centre Gympie Gympie State High School Gympie Harristown State High School Harristown Heatley Secondary College Heatley Heights College North Rockhampton Helensvale State High School Helensvale Hemmant Flexible Learning Centre Hemmant

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School Locality Herberton State School Moomin Hervey Bay State High School Pialba Hillbrook Anglican School Enoggera Hillcrest Christian College Reedy Creek Holland Park State High School Holland Park West Holy Spirit College Mount Pleasant Home Hill State High School Home Hill Hughenden State School Hughenden Hymba Yumba Community Hub Springfield Ignatius Park College Cranbrook Immanuel Lutheran College Buderim Indooroopilly State High School Indooroopilly Ingham State High School Ingham Innisfail State College Innisfail Estate Iona College Lindum Ipswich Grammar School Ipswich Ipswich Special School Ipswich Ipswich State High School Brassall Isis District State High School Childers Jabiru Community College Bracken Ridge James Nash State High School Gympie John Paul College Daisy Hill Jubilee Christian College (Atherton) Atherton Kawana Waters State College Bokarina Kedron State High School Kedron Keebra Park State High School Southport Kelvin Grove State College Kelvin Grove Kenmore State High School Kenmore Kepnock State High School Kepnock Kilcoy State High School Kilcoy Kilkivan State School Kilkivan Killarney P-10 State School Killarney Kingaroy State High School Kingaroy King's Christian College Reedy Creek Kingston Centre For Continuing Secondary Education Kingston Kingston College Kingston Kirwan State High School Kirwan Kowanyama State School Kowanyama Kuranda District State College Kuranda Lady Cilento Children's Hospital School South Brisbane Laidley State High School Laidley Lcchs - Royal Brisbane And Act For Kids Campus Herston Lighthouse Christian School North Rockhampton

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School Locality Livingstone Christian College Ormeau Lockhart State School Lockhart River Lockyer District State High School Gatton Loganlea State High School Loganlea Longreach State High School Longreach Loreto College Coorparoo Coorparoo Lourdes Hill College Hawthorne Lowood State High School Lowood Mabel Park State High School Slacks Creek Macgregor State High School Macgregor Mackay Christian College North Mackay Mackay North State High School North Mackay Mackay State High School South Mackay Mackenzie State Primary & Special School Mackenzie Malanda State High School Malanda Maleny State High School Maleny Mansfield State High School Mansfield Mareeba State High School Mareeba Marist College Ashgrove Ashgrove Marist College Emerald Emerald Maroochydore State High School Maroochydore Marsden State High School Waterford West Mary Mackillop College Nundah Mary Valley State College Imbil Maryborough Special School Maryborough Maryborough State High School Maryborough Marymount College Burleigh Waters Matthew Flinders Anglican College Buderim Meridan State College Meridan Plains Merrimac State High School Mermaid Waters Miami State High School Miami Middlemount Community School Middlemount Miles State High School Miles Millmerran State School Millmerran Milpera State High School Chelmer Mirani State High School Mirani Miriam Vale State School Miriam Vale Mitchell State School Mitchell Mitchelton State High School Mitchelton Monto State High School Monto Moranbah State High School Moranbah Morayfield State High School Morayfield Moreton Bay College Manly West

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School Locality Mornington Island State School Wellesley Islands Mossman State High School Mossman Mount Alvernia College Kedron Mount Gravatt State High School Mount Gravatt Mount Isa School Of The Air Pioneer Mount Larcom State School Mount Larcom Mount Morgan State High School Mount Morgan Mount St Bernard College Herberton Mountain Creek State High School Mountain Creek Moura State High School Moura Mt Maria College Mitchelton Mt Maria College - Petrie Petrie Mueller College Rothwell Murgon State High School Murgon Murrumba State Secondary College Murrumba Downs Music Industry College Fortitude Valley Nambour Christian College Woombye Nambour State High School Nambour Nanango State High School Nanango Narangba Valley State High School Narangba Nerang State High School Nerang Noosa District State High School Cooroy Normanton State School Normanton North Lakes State College North Lakes North Rockhampton State High School Frenchville Northern Beaches State High School Deeragun Northern Peninsula Area State College Bamaga Northpine Christian College Dakabin Northside Christian College Everton Park Oakey State High School Oakey Ormeau Woods State High School Ormeau Ormiston College Ormiston Our Lady Of The Southern Cross College Dalby Our Lady's College Annerley Pacific Pines State High School Pacific Pines Palm Beach-Currumbin State High School Palm Beach Park Ridge State High School Park Ridge Parklands Christian College Park Ridge Peace Lutheran College Kamerunga Peregian Beach College Peregian Beach Pimlico State High School Gulliver Pine Rivers Special School Lawnton Pine Rivers State High School Strathpine

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School Locality Pioneer State High School Andergrove Pittsworth State High School Pittsworth Prince Of Peace Lutheran College Everton Hills Proserpine State High School Proserpine Proston State School Proston Queensland Academy For Creative Industries Kelvin Grove Queensland Academy For Health Sciences Southport Queensland Academy For Science Mathematics And Technology Toowong Quilpie State College Quilpie Ravenshoe State School Ravenshoe Redbank Plains State High School Redbank Plains Redcliffe State High School Redcliffe Redeemer Lutheran College Rochedale Redlands College Wellington Point Redlynch State College Redlynch Richmond State School Richmond Riverside Christian College Maryborough Robina State High School Robina Rochedale State High School Rochedale Rockhampton Girls' Grammar School Rockhampton Rockhampton North Special School Frenchville Rockhampton Special School Rockhampton Rockhampton State High School Wandal Roma State College Roma Rosedale State School Rosedale Rosella Park School West Gladstone Rosewood State High School Rosewood Runcorn State High School Runcorn Ryan Catholic College Kirwan Saint Philomena School Park Ridge Saint Stephen's College Coomera Sandgate District State High School Deagon Sarina State High School Sarina Seton College Mount Gravatt East Shailer Park State High School Shailer Park Shalom Christian College Condon Shalom College Bundaberg Sheldon College Sheldon Siena Catholic College Sippy Downs Somerset College Mudgeeraba Somerville House South Brisbane Southern Cross Catholic College Scarborough Southport Special School Southport

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School Locality Southport State High School Southport Spinifex State College - Mount Isa - Junior Campus Parkside Spinifex State College Mount Isa Parkside Springfield Central State High School Springfield Central Springsure State School Springsure Springwood State High School Springwood St Aidan's Anglican Girls' School Corinda St Andrew's Anglican College Peregian Springs St Andrew's Catholic College Redlynch St Andrews Lutheran College Tallebudgera St Anthony's Catholic College Deeragun St Augustine's College, Springfield Augustine Heights St Brendan's College Yeppoon St Columban's College Caboolture St Edmund's College Woodend St Eugene College Burpengary St Francis College Crestmead St George State High School St George St Hilda's School Southport St James College Brisbane St James Lutheran College Urraween St John's Anglican College Forest Lake St John's College, Nambour Nambour St John's School Roma St Joseph's College, Toowoomba Toowoomba St Joseph's Nudgee College Boondall St Laurence's College South Brisbane St Luke's Anglican School Kalkie, Bundaberg St Margaret Mary's College Hyde Park St Mary's Catholic College, Woree Woree St Mary's College (Toowoomba) Toowoomba St Mary's College, Ipswich Ipswich St Michael's College Merrimac St Monica's College Cairns St Patrick's College, Gympie Gympie St Patrick's College, Shorncliffe Shorncliffe St Patrick's College, Townsville Townsville St Patrick's Senior College, Mackay Mackay St Peter Claver College Riverview St Peter's Lutheran College Indooroopilly St Rita's College Clayfield St Saviour's College Toowoomba St Stephen's Catholic College, Mareeba Mareeba

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School Locality St Stephens Lutheran College Gladstone St Teresa's Catholic College Noosaville St Teresa's College, Abergowrie Abergowrie St Thomas More College Sunnybank St Ursula's College Yeppoon St Ursula's College, Toowoomba Toowoomba Staines Memorial College Redbank Plains Stanthorpe State High School Stanthorpe Stretton State College Stretton Stuartholme School Toowong Suncoast Christian College Woombye Sunnybank State High School Sunnybank Sunshine Beach State High School Sunshine Beach Tafe Queensland Brisbane Mount Gravatt Tagai State College Thursday Island Tamborine Mountain College North Tamborine Tamborine Mountain State High School Tamborine Mountain Tannum Sands State High School Tannum Sands Tara Shire State College Tara Taroom State School Taroom Tec-NQ Douglas The Cathedral College, Rockhampton Rockhampton The Cathedral School Mundingburra The Centre Education Programme Kingston The Gap State High School The Gap The Glenleighden School Fig Tree Pocket The Glennie School Toowoomba The Kooralbyn International School Kooralbyn The Lakes College North Lakes The Rockhampton Grammar School Rockhampton The Southport School Southport Thuringowa State High School Condon Tin Can Bay State School Tin Can Bay Toogoolawah State High School Toogoolawah Toolooa State High School South Gladstone Toowoomba Grammar School East Toowoomba Toowoomba State High School Mount Lofty Toowoomba State High School - Wilsonton Campus Wilsonton Heights Townsville Flexible Learning Centre West End, Townsville Townsville Grammar School North Ward Townsville State High School Railway Estate

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School Locality Trinity Anglican School White Rock Trinity Bay State High School Manunda Trinity College Beenleigh Tropical North Learning Academy - Smithfield State High School Smithfield Tullawong State High School Caboolture Tully State High School Tully Unity College Caloundra West Upper Coomera State College Upper Coomera Urangan State High School Urangan Varsity College Varsity Lakes Victoria Point State High School Victoria Point Victory College Gympie Wallumbilla State School Wallumbilla Warwick Christian College Warwick Warwick State High School Warwick Wavell State High School Wavell Heights Wellington Point State High School Wellington Point West Moreton Anglican College Karrabin Western Cape College Rocky Point Western Cape College - Aurukun Secondary Campus Aurukun Western Cape College - Weipa Rocky Point Western Suburbs State Special School Inala Westside Christian College Goodna Whites Hill State College Camp Hill Whitsunday Anglican School Beaconsfield Whitsunday Christian College Cannonvale William Ross State High School Annandale Windaroo Valley State High School Bahrs Scrub Winton State School Winton Woodcrest State College Springfield Woodford State School Woodford Woodridge State High School Logan Central Woree State High School Woree Wynnum State High School Wynnum Xavier Catholic College Hervey Bay Yarrabah State School Yarrabah Yeppoon State High School Yeppoon Yeronga State High School Yeronga YMCA Vocational School Kingston

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Appendix 2 – Main destination categorisation

Education and Training – Higher Education

Bachelor Degreea Studying at Bachelor Degree level (including Honours).

Education and Training - VET categories

a Studying at Certificate IV, Diploma, Advanced Diploma or Associate Degree VET Cert IV+ level (excluding apprentices and trainees).

VET Cert IIIa Studying at Certificate III level (excluding apprentices and trainees).

Studying at Certificate I or II level (excluding apprentices and trainees). This VET Cert I–II/othera category also includes students in an unspecified VET course, or in other basic courses (e.g. short courses) and with an unknown course level.

Apprenticeship Employment-based apprenticeship.

Traineeship Employment-based traineeship.

Education and Training – Secondary studies

a Studying Years 10, 11 or 12 at a non-secondary school (for example a TAFE Secondary study or private training college).

Labour Force

Working full-time (35 hours or more per week) and not in an education or Full-time employment training destination. This includes people with part-time or casual jobs that total 35 hours or more.

Working part-time or casual (fewer than 35 hours per week) and not in an Part-time employment education or training destination.

Seeking work Looking for work and not in an education or training destination.

Not in Education, Training or Employment

NILFET Not in education or training, not working and not seeking work.

a Some respondents may also be in the labour force.

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Appendix 3 – Fields of study

Field of studya Examples

Natural and Physical Sciences Science, Applied Science, Laboratory Technology, Biomedical Science, Forensic Science

Information Technology Information Technology, Network Engineering, Software Design, Web Design

Engineering and Related Technologies Engineering, Automotive Mechanics, Electro Technology, Refrigeration, Aviation, Electrical Apprenticeship

Architecture and Building Building, Architecture, Carpentry, Interior Design, Regional and Urban Planning, Surveying

Agriculture, Environmental and Related Horticulture, Land Management, Environmental Science, Studies Agricultural Science, Marine Studies

Health Nursing, Sport Science, Occupational Therapy, Medicine, Pharmacy, Fitness, Physiotherapy

Education Primary Education, Secondary Education, Learning Management, Early Childhood Education

Management and Commerce Business, Accounting, Business Management, Commerce, Tourism, Real Estate, Marketing

Society and Culture Law, Arts, Youth Work, Journalism, Social Science, Psychology, Social Work

Creative Arts Fine Arts, Visual Arts, Music, Multimedia, Graphic Design, Performing Arts, Photography

Food, Hospitality and Personal Hospitality, Hotel Management, Hairdressing, Kitchen Operations, Services Commercial Cookery

Mixed Field Programs Adult Tertiary Preparation, Creative Industries, Vocational Skills Development, Bridging Courses a Field of study categories based on the Australian Standard Classification of Education (ABS cat. no. 1272.0).

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Appendix 4 – Industry categories

Industry categorya Examples of occupations in this industry

Retail Trade Sales Assistant, Cashier, Storeperson, Retail Trainee, Shelf Filler, Pharmacy Assistant, Console Operator

Accommodation and Food Services Waiter, Bartender, Kitchen Hand, Pizza Maker, Apprentice Chef, Fast Food Server, Hotel Receptionist

Construction Labourer, Apprentice (Carpenter, Tiler, Bricklayer, Painter, Plumber, Plasterer, Roofer), Trades Assistant

Manufacturing Factory Hand, Apprentice (Joiner, Fitter, Boilermaker, Cabinet Maker), Labourer, Machine Operator

Health Care and Social Assistance Dental Assistant, Personal Carer, Child Care Assistant, Nanny, Medical Receptionist, Nursing Assistant

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Fruit Picker, Packer, Farm, Station Hand, Nursery Assistant, Market Gardener, Deck Hand

Education and Training Teacher Aide, Tutor, Swimming Instructor, Music Teacher, Administration Assistant, Sports Coach, Library Assistant

Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Apprentice (Electrician, Linesman, Plumber, Refrigeration Services Mechanic), Garbage Truck Driver

Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services Sales Trainee, Office Assistant, Trainee Property Manager, Receptionist, Video Store Clerk

Information Media and Cinema Attendant, Cadet Journalist, Library Assistant, Telecommunications Telecommunications Trainee, Data Entry Clerk

Transport, Postal and Warehousing Courier, Customs Clerk, Furniture Removalist, Ticket Inspector, Flight Attendant, Mail Sorter, Transport Officer

Financial and Insurance Services Bank Teller, Administrative Assistant, Accounts Clerk, Loans Processor, Trainee Accountant, Customer Service Operator

Wholesale Trade Warehouse Clerk, Storeperson, Driver, Packer, Factory Hand, Labourer, Cleaner

Public Administration and Safety Defence Cadet, Administrative Officer, Soldier, Trainee Firefighter, Police Cadet, Locksmith

Administrative and Support Services Call Centre Operator, Gardener, Trainee Travel Agent, Cleaner, Office Assistant, Telemarketer

Mining Apprentice (Fitter, Electrician, Boilermaker), Plant Operator, Drillers Assistant, Laboratory Assistant, Office Assistant

Arts and Recreation Services Fitness Instructor, Theatre Attendant, Netball Umpire, Theme Park Host, Lifeguard, Museum Attendant

Professional, Scientific and Technical Laboratory Assistant, Trainee Draftsperson, Software Technician, IT Services Trainee

Other Services Apprentice (Mechanic, Panel Beater, Hairdresser), Parking Attendant, Trainee Beautician, Photo Lab Assistant a Industry categories based on the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ABS cat. no. 1292.0).

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Appendix 5 – Occupational groups

Occupation – Major Groupsa Examples of occupations in this group

Managers Chief Executive, Crop Farmer, ICT Project Manager, Hotel Manager, School Principal, Production Manager, Retail Manager

Professionals Journalist, Accountant, Librarian, Civil Engineer, Zoologist, Teacher, Surgeon, Registered Nurse, Web Developer, Solicitor, Architect

Technicians and Trades Workers Motor mechanic, Fitter and Turner, Carpenter, Plumber, Electrician, Chef, Greenkeeper, Hairdresser, Butcher, Web Administrator

Community and Personal Service Enrolled Nurse, Child Care Worker, Hospital Orderly, Barista, Workers Waiter, Police Officer, Flight Attendant, Lifeguard, Beuaty Therapist

Clerical and Administrative Workers Receptionist, Bank Worker, Secretary, Courier, Sales Clerk, Data Entry Operator, Personal Assistant, Conveyancer, Customs Officer

Sales Workers Sales Assistant, Model, Telemarketer, Transport Conductor, Real Estate Agent, Checkout Operator, Service Station Attendant

Machinery Operators and Drivers Miner, Truck Driver, Storeperson, Forklift Driver, Backhoe Operator, Aircraft Baggage Handler, Chauffeur, Concrete Pump Operator

Labourers Cleaner, Fencer, Meat Packer, Deck Hand, Trolley Collector, Fast Food Cook, Livestock Farm Worker, Shelf Filler, Deck Hand a Occupational groups based on the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ABS cat. no. 1220.0).

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Appendix 6 – Statistical Area Level 4 – Queensland, ABS, 2011

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Appendix 7 – 2015 Early School Leavers survey questionnaire ______Intro

Hello, this is ____ from the Queensland Government Statistician’s Office.

Can I speak to {firstname} {surname} please?

On behalf of the Department of Education and Training, we are contacting people who may have left school prior to completing Year 12. The project is aimed at finding out what these people are doing now - whether they are working, or studying, or something else. Your responses are strictly confidential and are collected under the Qld Govt Statistical Returns Act. The information you provide will only be used for research purposes to help improve Government services. ______Start of interview

Good, thank you. Before we begin, I should stress that all your answers are strictly confidential and no information will be released that identifies individuals. If there are any questions you would rather not answer, just say so.

Some calls are monitored by my supervisor for training and quality purposes. ______Q. 1 Have you returned to Secondary school?

(INTERVIEWER: Please code as no if respondent indicates that they are completing secondary studies at TAFE.)

Yes – but I have changed schools this year ...... 1 Yes – I have not changed or left school this year ...... 2 No ...... 3 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused) ...... 99 ______If (Q1=1 OR Q1=2) → END SURVEY ELSE → Q2 ______

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Q. 2 Can I ask why you left school? Maximum of five options.

(INTERVIEWER: Allow more than one – Do not read out)

(To get a job/apprenticeship 1 Did not like school 2 Did not like the teaching staff 3 Did not like the way the school was managed 4 Study options did not meet my needs 5 Difficult academically 6 Behaviour of other students disrupted my study 7 Asked to leave by school 8 Disability 9 Health reasons 10 Moved away/to a new area 11 Felt I would have access to better resources 12 Pregnancy 13 Family commitments – parenting own child 14 Family commitments – excluding pregnancy/parenting own child 15 Previous school only goes to Year 10 16 Parents made me leave school 17 Only studying a couple of subjects 18 More flexible hours 19 Other (please specify) 97 Don’t know 98 Refused) 99 ______If (Q2 > one response) → Q3 ELSE → Q4 ______Q. 3 Of the things you mentioned, which would you say had the most influence? Was it -

Please specify from answers chosen above ...... 1 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99

______Q. 4 Do you currently have a paid job?

Yes ...... 1 No ...... 2 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99 ______If (Q4>1) → Q12 ELSE → Q5 ______Q. 5 Do you have more than one job?

Yes ...... 1 No ...... 2 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99 ______If you have more than one job, please answer the next questions thinking about your main job. ______

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Q. 6 What is your (main) job?

(INTERVIEWER: Ask for full title. For public servants, ask for official designation and occupation. For armed personnel, ask for rank and occupation. Prompt (if needed) What are the main tasks of the job (e.g. looking after children at a day care centre, making hamburgers and fries)?)

Please specify ...... 1 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99 ______Q. 7 Are you currently undertaking an apprenticeship or traineeship?

(INTERVIEWER: Definition of a traineeship - Traineeships combine structured and workplace training with paid employment. Trainees complete a qualification while learning skills at work and under the guidance of a training organisation. Trainees can be full-time, part-time, or school based.)

Yes - apprenticeship ...... 1 Yes - traineeship ...... 2 No ...... 3 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99 ______Q. 8 Can you describe the industry you work in?

(INTERVIEWER: If necessary prompt "What are the main goods or services produced by your employer? or "Are you in wholesaling, manufacturing or construction?)

Please specify ...... 1 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99 ______If (Q7=1 OR Q7=2) → Q10 ELSE → Q9 ______Q. 9 Is your (main) job a casual job?

Yes ...... 1 No ...... 2 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99 ______Q. 10 On average, how many hours do you work each week in your (main) job?

Please specify ...... 1 Don’t know ...... 998 Refused ...... 999

(If Q10 > 100 hours, error message. Must be less than 100 hours) ______If (Q5>1) AND (Q7>2) → Q15 If (Q5>1) AND (Q7=1 OR Q7=2) → Q16 ELSE → Q11 ______

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Q. 11 On average, how many hours do you work each week in all your jobs?

Please specify ...... 1 Don’t know ...... 998 Refused ...... 999

(If Q11 > 100 hours, error message. Must be less than 100 hours) (If Q11 < Q10, error message. Hours for all jobs must be greater than hours for main job) ______If (Q7=1 OR Q7=2) → Q16 ELSE → Q15 ______Q. 12 Are you…

(INTERVIEWER: If answer is ‘casual work’, prompt with – Is that full-time or part-time?)

Looking for full-time work (35 hours or more per week) ...... 1 Looking for part-time work (less than 35 hours per week) ...... 2 Not looking for work ...... 3 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99 ______If (Q12 = 1 OR Q12 = 2) → Q12a If (Q12=3) → Q13 ELSE → Q15 ______Q. 12a In what industry are you seeking work?

(WEB ONLY: For example construction, wholesaling, manufacturing. INTERVIEWER: If necessary prompt "Would you like to work in construction? wholesaling? manufacturing?)

(Please specify ...... 1 No preference ...... 20 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused) ...... 99 ______Go to Q15 ______Q. 13 What are the reasons you are currently not looking for work?

Current study commitments ...... 1 Future study commitments ...... 2 No financial need to undertake paid employment ...... 3 Travel ...... 4 Disability ...... 5 Health reasons ...... 6 Don't wish to work ...... 7 Accepted a job that will start at a later date...... 8 Don't feel ready for paid employment ...... 9 Transport difficulties ...... 10 Sports commitments ...... 11 Student exchange ...... 12 Have been unsuccessful finding a job ...... 13 Pregnancy ...... 14 Family commitments—parenting own child ...... 15 Family commitments—excluding pregnancy/parenting own child ...... 16 Other (please specify) ...... 97 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99

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______If (Q13 > one response) → Q14 ELSE → Q15 ______

Q. 14 Of the things you mentioned, which would you say had the most influence? Was it…

Please specify from answers chosen above ...... 1 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99 ______Q. 15 Are you currently studying?

Yes – full-time ...... 1 Yes – part-time ...... 2 No – not studying ...... 3 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99

(If (Q13=1) AND (Q15>2), error message. You previously indicated that you were not looking for work because of your current study commitments.) (INTERVIEWER: Please confirm with respondent their responses to Q13, Q14 and Q15 and amend as necessary). ______If (Q15>2) → Q21 ELSE → Q17 ______Q. 16 You said earlier that you were doing an apprenticeship/traineeship. Are you currently undertaking the study component?

(INTERVIEWER: By definition, apprenticeships and traineeships contain some form of study component. If respondent insists that their apprenticeship/traineeship has no study component code as 98).

Yes – doing course now ...... 1 Yes – study not started yet ...... 2 No – study component completed ...... 3 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99 ______If (Q16>2) → Q21 ELSE → Q17 ______Q. 17 What kind of institution are you currently/will you be studying at? Is it a - ?

(INTERVIEWER: If respondent reports studying at home via correspondence ask respondent for the type of institution providing the course and code accordingly).

(University ...... 1 TAFE ...... 2 Private Training College ...... 3 Secondary School ...... 4 Agricultural College ...... 5 Adult and Community Education provider ...... 6 Training provided at work ...... 7 Armed Forces ...... 8 Other (please specify) ...... 97 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused) ...... 99 ______

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______If (Q17=4) → END SURVEY ______

Q. 18 What is the level of this course or program?

(INTERVIEWER: If respondent is completing a bridging course, please ask for the level of the course and code accordingly.)

Advanced Diploma ...... 8 Diploma ...... 9 VET Certificate IV ...... 10 VET Certificate III ...... 11 VET Certificate II ...... 12 VET Certificate I ...... 13 VET Certificate – level not known ...... 14 Year 12 ...... 15 Year 11 ...... 16 Year 10 ...... 17 Other (please specify) ...... 97 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99 ______Q. 19 What is the name of the course or program you are enrolled in?

Natural and physical sciences ...... 1 Information technology ...... 2 Engineering and related technologies ...... 3 Architecture and building ...... 4 Agriculture, environmental and related studies ...... 5 Health ...... 6 Education ...... 7 Management and commerce ...... 8 Society and culture ...... 9 Creative arts ...... 10 Food, hospitality and personal services ...... 11 Mixed Field Programs...... 12 Office use only Double field of study ...... 13 Office use only Year 10-12/Senior/Student Exchange...... 14 Office use only Defence Forces study...... 15 Office use only Other (please specify) ...... 97 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99

______If (Q17=1) → Q20a If (Q17=2) → Q20b ELSE → Q20c ______

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Q. 20a What is the name of the UNIVERSITY you are or will be enrolled in?

Australian Catholic University ...... 1 Bond University ...... 2 Central Queensland University ...... 3 Griffith University ...... 4 James Cook University ...... 5 Queensland University of Technology ...... 6 The University of Queensland ...... 7 University of Southern Queensland ...... 8 University of the Sunshine Coast ...... 9 Southern Cross University ...... 10 Unspecified Queensland University ...... 19 Interstate Universities ...... 20 Other University (please specify) ...... 97 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99 ______If (Q20a<19 and Q20a>=1) → Q20d If (Q20a>10) → END SURVEY ______Q. 20b What is the name of the TAFE you are or will be enrolled in?

Central Queensland University (TAFE program) ...... 3 TAFE Queensland Brisbane ...... 21 TAFE Queensland East Coast ...... 22 TAFE Queensland Gold Coast ...... 23 TAFE Queensland North ...... 24 TAFE Queensland SkillsTech ...... 25 TAFE Queensland South West ...... 26 Unspecified Queensland TAFE (please specify) ...... 39 Interstate TAFE ...... 40 Other TAFE (please specify) ...... 97 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99 ______If (Q20b<39 and Q20b>=21) → Q20d If (Q20b>39) → END SURVEY ______

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Q. 20c What is the name of the institution you are or will be enrolled in?

Trade training school (eg. former Australian Technical College) ...... 42 Careers Australia...... 43 Endeavour College of Natural Health ...... 44 SAE (Qantm College) ...... 45 Other Private Training College (QGSO use only) ...... 46 Armed Forces ...... 47 Australian Institute of Applied Science ...... 48 Axial ...... 49 Blue Dog Training...... 50 Busy At Work ...... 51 Evocca College ...... 52 JMC Academy ...... 53 Motor Trades Association ...... 54 Sarina Russo ...... 55 Skill360 ...... 56 Work Skills ...... 57 MRAEL...... 58 Open Colleges ...... 59 Hastings Deering Institute of Technology ...... 60 Harvest Rain Theatre Company ...... 61 Australian Institute of Creative Design ...... 62 Australian Institute of Fitness ...... 63 Aviation Australia...... 64 MEGT ...... 65 REIQ ...... 66 Other Institution (please specify) ...... 97 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99 ______If (Q20c<97 and Q20c>=42) → Q20d If (Q20c>66) → END SURVEY ______Q. 20d What campus are you studying at?

Please specify ...... 1 External/via correspondence ...... 2 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99 ______GO TO END SURVEY ______

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Q. 21 Which of the following statements are reasons why you are not studying? Is it because you …

(INTERVIEWER: Allow more than one – Do not read out)

Wanted a break from study (e.g. to travel) ...... 1 Undecided and considering options ...... 2 Don't feel ready for study at the moment ...... 3 Not interested in further study/already finished studying ...... 4 Working in order to finance further study ...... 5 Waiting for course/training to begin ...... 6 Have work commitments ...... 7 Find the course fees and other costs are a barrier ...... 8 Would have to move away from home ...... 9 Don't meet the entry criteria for the program I want to do ...... 10 Wanted to earn own money ...... 11 Looking for work/apprenticeship/traineeship ...... 12 Going into, or already in, armed services ...... 13 Waiting to qualify for the independent Youth Allowance ...... 14 Disability ...... 15 Health reasons ...... 16 Sports commitments ...... 17 Pregnancy ...... 18 Family commitments—parenting own child ...... 19 Family commitments—excluding pregnancy/parenting own child ...... 20 Other (please specify) ...... 97 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99

(If (Q4=2) AND (Q21=5 or 7), error message. Respondent has already said they are not working. Check.) ______If (Q21>one response) → Q22 ELSE → END SURVEY ______Q. 22 Of the reasons you mentioned, which would you say had the most influence? Was it -

Please specify from answers chosen above ...... 1 Don’t know ...... 98 Refused ...... 99 ______

130 Early School Leavers Queensland 2015

END SURVEY

That’s the end of the interview.

If you have any additional questions regarding this survey, you can ring our freecall number 1800 068 587.

Thank you very much for all your help.

I would also like to remind you that the information you have provided will not be used to identify you in any reporting of the findings of the project.

We will only provide your contact details where you have given consent for these to be used for mailing or contact purposes.

Your voluntary participation in this important survey contributes valuable information that will benefit future students.

Once again, my name is [interviewer name] from the Queensland Government Statistician’s Office.

GOOD-BYE! ______

Early School Leavers Queensland 2015 131 A report on the destinations of Year 12 completers from 2010 in Queensland