Technical Publication 89-4 GROUND WATER RESOURCE
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Technical Publication 89-4 GROUND WATER RESOURCE ASSESSMENT OF EASTERN PALM BEACH COUNTY, FLORIDA PART I TEXT by Mary-Jo Shine Don G. J. Padgett William M. Barfknecht December 1989 Hydrogeology Division Research and Evaluation Department South Florida Water Management District West Palm Beach, Florida TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................... ... iv LIST OF FIGURES ................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES .................................................. xv LIST OF PLATES (PART II......)........................................... xvii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................. xix ABSTRACT ............................................. ..... xx INTRODUCTION .................................................... 1 Purpose and Scope ...... ......................................... 1 Data Collection and Analysis ....................................... 1 Ground Water Flow Models of the Surficial Aquifer System ............. 4 AQUIFER SYSTEMS ................................................... 6 Introduction ......................... ......................... 6 Surficial Aquifer System ....................................... 6 Introduction ................................................ 6 Lithology and Stratigraphy .................................... 7 Hydrogeology ............................................ 9 W ater Quality .......................................... 17 Intermediate Confining Unit ...................................... 19 Introduction ..... .. .......................................... 19 Lithology and Stratigraphy ................................... 19 Hydrogeology ....... ......................................... 20 Floridan Aquifer System ........................................... 21 Introduction ... ........................................... 21 Lithology and Stratigraphy ................................ 21 Hydrogeology ........ ...................................... 24 W ater Quality .......................................... 25 HYDROLOGY .............. .. ........................ 28 Ground Water/Surface Water Interactions ................ .... ...... 28 Surface Water Systems .............................................. 28 Surface Water System Data ................................... 28 Maintained Surface Water Systems ............................ 29 Weir and Structure Controlled Surface Water Systems ........... 30 Water Catchment and Retention Systems ....................... 30 Ground Water Levels. ................................ ....... 32 Ground Water Level Data .................................... 32 Regional Levels and Fluctuations .............................. 38 Ground Water Flow .......................................................... 41 Rainfall .................................................. 41 Evapotranspiraton ....................................................... 43 GROUND WATER MODELING (SURFICIAL AQUIFER SYSTEM) ........ 46 Introduction ................................................... 46 General Approach ................................................. 46 Discretization .......................................... 46 Boundary Conditions ...................................... 46 Hydraulic Characteristics ..................................... 51 Recharge ................................................... 52 Evapotranspiration ............................................. 52 Canals/Lakes .................................................. 55 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) South County Model ........... .... ............................. 55 South Model Vertical Discretization ....................... .... 55 South Model Transmissivities ................................ 59 South Model Boundaries ...................................... 59 South Model Canals .............................................. 67 North County Model ............................................... 67 North Model Vertical Discretization .......................... 67 North Model Transmissivities ................................. 72 North Model Boundaries ..................................... 72 North Model Canals ........................................... 82 Calibration ............................ .................. 82 Introduction .......................................... ,.. 82 Calibration Period Water Use ....................... ....... 84 Steady State Calibration Approach ............................. 86 Transient Approach .. ................................. 88 North County Model Calibration Results ....................... 88 South County Model Calibration Results ....................... 90 Sensitivity Analysis ............................................ 95 Approach ................................................... 95 Results ................................................... 99 PREDICTIVE SIMULATIONS ......................................... 118 Introduction ................................................ 118 Allocated Water Use .......................... .. 119 Average Annual Conditions (Allocated Water Use) ................. 121 Dry Season Conditions (Allocated Water Use) ...................... 126 90 and 180 Day Droughts (Allocated Water Use) .................... 132 Impacts of Allocated Water Use ............................. .... 139 Effects of Maintained Surface Water Systems (Allocated Water Use) .. 143 Buildout Public Water Supply Use .............................. 156 Impacts of Buildout Public Water Supply Use ....................... 156 GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL ......................... 166 Introduction.. ............................................ 166 Surficial Aquifer System ................... ..................... 166 Floridan Aquifer System .......................................... 168 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS ...................................... 170 RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................... 174 REFERENCES .................................................... 176 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) APPENDIX A References Used in Determining Surficial Aquifer System Hydrogeology, Palm Beach County, Florida ... 184 APPENDIX B Hydrogeologic Well Data Tables .................... 190 APPENDIX C Selected Water Quality DataTables ................ 212 APPENDIX D Monthly Kriged Rainfall Distribution in Eastern Palm Beach County - November 1983 to May 1985 ......... 216 APPENDIX E Eastern Palm Beach County Land Use Maps ......... 368 APPENDIX F Basic Program for Vertical Discretization of the South Palm Beach County Model ................... 236 APPENDIX G Thickness of Model Layers by Cell, South Palm Beach County Model .................................. Part lI APPENDIX H Transmissivity of Model Layers by Cell, South Palm Beach County Model ................ Part I APPENDIX I General Head Boundary, River and Drain Input Data for the South Palm Beach County Model ........ 242 APPENDIX J Basic Program for Vertical Discretization of the South Palm Beach County Model ................... 280 APPENDIX K Thickness of Model Layers by Cell, North Palm Beach County Model ................ Part II APPENDIX L Composition of Model Layers by Cell, North Palm Beach County Model ................ Part II APPENDIX M Transmissivity of Model Layers by Cell, North Palm Beach County Model ................ Part II APPENDIX N General Head Boundary, River and Drain Input Data for the North Palm Beach County Model ........ 292 APPENDIX O Calibration Period Water Use Data ................. 312 APPENDIX P Sensitivity Run Head Change Maps ................ 330 APPENDIX Q Allocated and Buildout Water Use Data ............. 356 iii- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY There are two aquifer systems underlying eastern Palm Beach County, the shallow Surficial Aquifer System and the deeper Floridan Aquifer System. This assessment focused on the Surficial Aquifer System which is widely used for irrigation and public water supply in the study area. The Floridan Aquifer System, which has generally poorer water quality and lower yields than the Surficial Aquifer System, is infrequently used at present. Surficial Aquifer System The Surficial Aquifer System is the sole source of fresh ground water in eastern Palm Beach County. The system's most productive zone, commonly called the Turnpike aquifer, is the northern extension of the Biscayne aquifer. It is composed primarily of highly solutioned, extremely productive limestone. Throughout most of the Surficial Aquifer System, the Biscayne aquifer is surrounded by a moderately productive interval of sandy shell, moderately solutioned limestone, or moderately to well solutioned sandstone which is one-fifth to one-tenth as productive as the Biscayne aquifer. Most ground water in the study area is withdrawn from either the Biscayne aquifer or from the moderately productive interval; therefore, these are referred to collectively herein as the production zone. Productivity in the remainder of the Surficial Aquifer System, which is composed primarily of sands, is low. The extent of the Biscayne aquifer in Palm Beach County is irregular. It extends from the Palm Beach - Broward County line north to approximately Hood Road where it pinches out. It also generally pinches out before reaching the coast to the east and Water Conservation Area 1 to the west. The Biscayne aquifer is thickest along its central portion between the Florida Turnpike and Military Trail (SR 809) where it is typically 40 to 100 ft. thick south of the M canal. The Biscayne aquifer thins to generally less than 40 ft. thick north