1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 245 . By Mr. TINKHAM: A bill (H. R. 14555) granting a pen­ The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and sion to Elizabeth Rose Clark; to the Committee on Invalid approved. Pensions. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT By Mr. VINCENT of Michigan: A bill (H. R. 14556) au­ LAWS AND RESOLUTIONS PASSED BY THE EIGHTH PHILIPPINE thorizing Lieut. Commander Harold B. Grow, United States LEGISLATURE Naval Reserves, to accept from the Spanish Government the decoration known as the Spanish Order of Military The SPEAKER laid before the House the following mes­ Merit and to accept from the Peruvian Government two sage from the President which was read, and, with the ac­ decorations known as the Order of the Sol and the Peru­ companying papers, referred to the Committee on Insular vian Flying Cross; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Affairs. By Mr. WATRES: A bill blue. We feel the rhyth­ FOR AERONAUTICS mic note of Thy abiding mercy. Our words falter for expression beneath the weight of their appeal. 0 God of The SPEAKER laid before the House a further message the extending universe, pardon our failures and bridge our from the President, which was read, and, with the accom­ infirmities. In a world where strange fancies rise and fall, panying papers, was referred to the Committees on Military where vagaries are often passionate, do Thou ever hold us Affairs and Naval Affairs and Interstate and Foreign Com­ and whisper to us through Thy holy lips. Go with us all merce and ordered printed. the way as we labor to deal justly, conquer wrong, _and To the Congress of the-United States: guard our country's honor. In the name of the Teacher of · -In compliance with the provisions of the act of March 3, Nazareth. Amen. 1915, establis~g the National Advisory Committee for Aero- 246 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER a nantics, I .submit. herewith the sixteenth annual report of the laws of the Canal Zone," I transmit herewith a letter the committee for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930. from the-Secretary of War forwarding certain amendments Attention is invited to the opening portion of the com­ suggested for consideration in connection with the proposed mittee's report, dealing with the ae:r:o~autical situation gen­ revision of the Canal Zone laws, which was printed in House erally, arid also to P~ut V of the report, presenting a sum­ Document No. 460, Seventy-first Congress, second session. mary of progress in the technical development of aircraft. The changes recommended by the Secretary of War have It is ·gratifying to note therein and in Chairman Ames's my approval, and I recommend that they be given consid­ letter of trans~ttal the committee's views as to the factors eration and approval by the Congress. that have contributed to and assure the further progress of HERBERT HOOVER. aeronautics. . THE WHrrE HousE, December 4, 1930. I concur with the committee's recommendations at the ANNUAL REPORT OF GOVERNOR OF VIRGIN ISLANDS end of the report regarding the further development of air-. craft and the need for continued prosecution of scientific The SPEAKER laid before the House a further message research in aeronautics. from the President, which was read, and, together with the HERBERT HOOVER. accompanying papers, was referred to the Committee on In­ THE WmTE HousE, December 4, 1930. sular Affairs: To the Congress of the United States: ANNUAL REPORT OF GOVERNOR OF PORTO RICO (H. DOC. NO. 545) I transmit herewith, for the information of the Congress, The SPEAKER laid before the House a further message the annual report of the Governor of the Virgin Islands fqr from the President, which was read, and, with the accom­ the fiscal year 1930. · panying papers, referred to the -committee on Insular Affairs HERBERT HOOVER. and ordered printed, with the appendixes. THE WHITE HousE, December 4, 1930. To the Congress oi the United States: STATEMENT WITH REFERENCE TO APPORTIONMENT UNDER THE As required by section 12 of the act of Congress of March FIFTEENTH DECENNIAL CENSUS OF POPULATION 2, 1917, entitled "An act to provide a civil government for The SPEAKER laid before the House a fw·ther messag~ Porto Rico, and for other purposes," I transmit herewith from the President, which was read, and, together with the for the information of the Congress the Thirtieth Annual accompanying papers, referred to the Committee. on the Report of the Governor of Porto Rico, including reports of Census and order~d printed. the heads of the several departments of the government of Porto Rico and those of the auditor and the chief of the To the Congress of the United States: bureau of commerce and industry, for the fiscal year ended In compliance with the provisions of section 22 of the June 30, 1930. act approved June 18, 1929, I transmit herewith a statement I concur in the recommendation of the Secretary of War prepared by the Bureau of the Census, Department of Com­ that this report, with the indicated parts of the appendixes, merce, giving the whole number of persons in each State, be printed· as a congressional document. · ' exclusive of Indians not taxed, as ascertained under the HERBERT HOOVER. Fifteenth Decennial Census of Population, and the number THE WHITE HousE, December 4, 1930. of Representatives to which each State would be entitled under an apportionment of the existing number of Repre-· ANNUAL REPORT OF COMMISSION ON ERECTION OF MEMORIALS AND sentatives by the method known as the method of major ENTOMBMENT OF BODIES IN ARLINGTON MEMORIAL AMPHITHEATER fractions, which was the method used in the last preceding The SPEAKER laid before the House a further message apportionment, and also by the method known as the method from the President,· which was read, and, with the accom­ of equal proportions. panying pa~rs, referred to the Committee on Public Build­ HERBERT HOOVER. ings and Grounds. THE WHITE HousE, December ~. 1930. To the Congress of the United States: Mr. STAFFORD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent In compliance with the requirements of the act of Con­ that the statement be printed in the RECORD. It refers to gress of March 4, 1921, I transmit herewith the annual re­ the apportionment, and I think all Members will be inter­ port of the Co~ssion on the Erection of Memorials and ested in seeing it in the REcoRD. Entombment of Bodies in the Arlington Memorial Amphi­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the theater for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930. gentleman from Wisconsin? HERBERT HOOVER. There was no objection. THE WHITE HOUSE, December 4, 1930. The statement is as follows: FRANCHISES GRANTED BY PUBLIC-SERVICE COMMISSION OF PORTO Apportionment of 435 Representatives by the method of major RICO fractions, which was usect in the last preceding apportionment, and by the method of equal proportions, with total population The SPEAKER laid before the House a further message of the several States, number of Indians not taxed, and popula­ from the President, which was read, and, with the accom­ tion basis of apportion?!"ent panying papers, was referred to the Committee on Insular Affairs: · Apportionment of 435 To the Congress of the United States: Representatives by. method of- As required by section 38 of the act of Congress approved -- Population Population March 2, 1917, entitled "An ac_t to provide a civil government Indians as not basis of Major State enumerated apportion- for Porto Rico, and for other purposes," I transmit herewith taxed fractions .Apr. 1, 1930 ment used in Equal certified copies of each of 11 franchises granted by the Pub­ last pre- propor- lic Service Commission of Porto Rico. The franc~es are ceding tions apportion- described in the accompanying letter from the Secretary of ment War transmitting them .to me. HERBERT HOOVER. TotaL ______122, 288, lTl 194,722 122, 093, 455 435 435 THE WHITE HOUSE, December 4, 1930. Alabama. ______2, Ma, 248 6 2,646, 242 9 9 REVISION OF CANAL ZONE LAWS Arizona______389,376 Arkansas ______435,573 46,198 1 1 The SPEAKER laid before the Hop.se a further message 1, 854,482 38 1, 854,444 7 7 California------5,677,251 9,010 5, 668,24.1 20 20 from the President, which was read, and, with the accom­ Color ado.------I. 035,791 942 1, 034,849 4 4 Connecticut.------I. 606,903 6 1, 606,897 6 6 panying papers, referred to the Committee on ~terstate and Delaware______238, 380 ------20- 238,380 1 1 Foreigil Commerce: Florida. __ ------1, 468,211 1, 468, 191 5 5 Georgia______-'=-- 60 2, 908,446 Idaho______2, 908.506 10 10 To the Congress of the United-States: 445,032 3,496 441,536 2 2 In conformity with the provisions of the act of May 17, Indiana__illinois.------______7,630, 654 266 7, 630,388 Zl 27 3, 238,503 23 3,238,480 12 12 1928 (45 Stat. 5~6~, en~~tled _"An ac~ _t_o rev~e _and codi~¥ Iowa._------2, 470,939 619 2,470, 420 9 9 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 247 Apportionment of 435 Representatives by the. method o_f major ANNUAL REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND PUBLIC fractions, which was used in the last preceC!-tng apporttonme_nt, PARKS OF THE NATIONAL CAPITAL and by the method of equal proportions, wtth total populatton _- ~ of the several states, number of Indians not taxed, and popula- The SPEAKER laid before the House a further message tion basis of apportionment-Continued from the Presi~ent, which was read ap.d, with the accom­ panying paperS, referred to the Committee on Public Build­ Apportionment of 435 ings and Grourlds: Representati>es by method of- To the Congres~ of the United States: I transmit herewith, for the information of the Congress, Population Population Indians Major the annual report of the Director of Public Buildings and as not basis of State enumerated apportion· fractions Public Parks of the National Capital for the fiscal year ended .Apr. 1, 1930 taxed ment used in Equal last pre- propor- June 30, 1930; ceding tions apportion- HERBERT HOOVER. ment THE WHITE HousE, December 4, 1930. REPORT OF UNITED STATES BUREAU OF EFFICIENCY Kansas.------1,880, 999 1, 501 1. 879,498 7 7 The SPEAKER laid before the House a further message Kentucky------2,614, 589 14 2, 614, 575 9 9 Louisiana ______8 8 from the President which was read, and with the accom­ Maine ______2, 101,593 ------2, 101, 593 797,423 5 797,418 3 3 panying papers, referred to the' Committee on Expenditures Maryland.------1, 631,526 4 1, 631,522 6 6 Massachusetts _____ --- 4, 249,614 16 4, 249,598 15 15 in Executive Departments. Michigan ______4, 842,325 273 4, 842,052 17 17 Minnesota ______2, 563,953 12,370 2, 551,583 9 9 To the Congress of the United States: 2, 009,821 1, 667 2, 008.154 7 7 As required by the act of March 4, 1915, and February ~::!.r~:=:::::::::: 3, 629,367 257 3, 629,110 13 13 Montana.------537,606 12,877 524,729 2 2 28, 1916, I transmit herewith the report of the United States Nebraska ______1, 377,963 2,840 1, 375, 123 5 5 Bureau of Efficiency for the period from November 1, 1929, Nevada______------91,058 4,668 86,390 1 1 New Hampshire______465,293 1 465,292 2 2 .to October 31, 1930. New Jersey ______4, 041,334 15 4, 041,319 14 14 HERBERT HOOVER. New Mexico ______423,317 27,335 395,982 1 1 New York ______12,588,066 99 12,587,967 45 45 THE WHITE HousE, December 4, 1930. North Carolina ______3, 170,276 3, 002 3,167, 274 11 11 North Dakota ______680,8

H. R. 5341. Minnie Bowers. H. R. 9606. Nan"Cy Hale. H. R. 10552. Rose D. Peck. H. R. 11384. Lewis Richard, jr. H. R. 5348. Mary C. Bacon. H. R. 9613. Hannah Lemon. H. R. 10565. Elizabeth Tressler. H. R. 11388. Sarah C. Gordon. H. R. 5372. Amy D. Taylor. H. R. 9618. Martha A. Epperly. H. R. 10567. Caroline Walt. H. R. 11391. Nancy M. Curtis. H. R. 5464. Eliza M. Ames. H. R. 9651. Mary A. Wills. H. R. 10589. Anna Kreutzer. H. R. 11396. Phebe M. Bothlck. H. R. 5741. Cordelia Claypoole. H. R. 9666. Charlotte M. Clem- H. R. 10591. Minerva J. Menefee. H. R. 11417. Farlba Goshen. H. R. 5832. Rosa Barnes. ons. H. R.10594. Caroline Schroer. H. R. 11422. Sarah E. Crawford. H. R. 5897. Thomas J . Wool­ H. R. 9668. Sarah Burris. H. R. 10603. Velona L. Hewitt. H. R. 11423. Sarah Hurt. d r i d g e , alias H. R. 9669. Martha E. Peacock. H. R. 10606. Anna Fryer. H. R. 11442. :M:ary E. Martin. Thomas J. Wold­ H. R. 9700. Catherine Jones. H. R. 10607. Mary J : Long. H. R.11446. Jennie R. Updike. ridge. H. R. 9705. Alice R. Beach. H. R. 10618. Catharine Heyl. H. R. 11467. Augusta Jones. H. R. 6102. Caroline M. Kidd. H. R. 9708. Martha Wilson. H. R. 10632. Dorothea Felde- H. R. 11472. Elvina Hope. H. R. 6270. Jennie Miller. H. R. 9728. Mary A. Anderson. werth. H. R.11475. Maria Harrington. H. R. 6280. Sarah Underwood. H. R. 9743. Mary M. Potts. H. R. 10640. Roxanna R. Grang- H. R. 11476. Urilda Black. H. R. 6281. Susana Short. H. R. 9744. Wiilmine C. Cod- - er. H. R. 11478. Juanita Man z a­ H. R. 6466. Mary K. Baxter. ling. H. R. 10641. Melissa E. Hender- nares de Quin­ H. R. 6495. Margaret Brown St. H. R. 9748. Linnie Cooley. son. tana. Clair. H. R. 9750. Hattie G. Dyer. H . R. 10642. Sarah Moore. H. R. 11500. Emma Graham. H. R. 6540. Marie L. Trudeau. H. R. 9783. Hilma S. Wright. H. R.10682. Sophia C. Miller. H. R. 11504. Mary Norton. H. R. 6821. Virginia E. Valen­ H. R. 9795. Annie E. Wallace. H. R. 10683. Jennie Miller. H. R.11505. Annie Sawyer. tine. H. R. 9812. Rebecca K. Welch. H R.10684. Elizabeth Barr. H. R. 11506. Mary D. Ray. H. R. 6926. Sarah F. Adkins. H. R. 9814. Carrie W. Puffer. H. R. 10704. Mary A. Melvin. H. R.11507. Nancy J. Walter. H. R. 7106. Margaret Frances H. R. 9815. Cyntha Logan. H. R. 10714. Susanah Kelly. H. R. 11526. Edna Cowherd. Harmon. H. R. 9818. Jane A. Geer. H. R.10717. Mary Devine. H. R. 11530. Rosetta Chase. H. R. 7198. Christena Markham. H. R. 9827. Catherine E. Strayer. H. R.10729. Mary Barrows. H. R. 11531. Mary J. Paul. H. R. 7369. Virginia A. Wash- H. -R. 9828. Bell Barton. H. R. 10730. Mary E. Rexroat. H. R.11533. Marla Mosher. burn. H. R. 9830. Sallie Evans. H. R. 10751. Lizzie Green. H. R.11538. Annie Tinsley. H. R. 7560. Georgia E. Frantz. H. R. 9835. Martha E. Snell. H. R. 10759. America E. Walton. H. R. 11543. Rosalie Chonyon. H. R. 7598. Cathera Mead. H. R. 9856. Amanda E. Lacy. H. R.10767. Emma R. Northrop. H. R. 11556. Almira E. Van Ben- H. R. 7655. Arinda Damon. H. R. 9865. Nancy Metzker. H. R. 10785. Elizabeth S. Snider. scoten. H. R. 7675. Mary J. Criswell. H. R. 9877. Margaret Crossett. H. R. 10786. Martha E. Stewart. H. R. 11568. Eliza R. Maginnis. H. R. 7680. Charilla M. Wade. H. R. 9880. Jane Waters. H. R. 10789. Clarissa Rogers. H. R. 11574. Mary A. Gray. H. R. 8056. Mary J. Trapp. H. R. 9881. Alice Belknap. H. R. 10809. Mary J. Wilson. H. R. 11593. Lydia Wagner. H. R. 8069. Virgie Phillips. H. R. 9883. Caroline Widmer. H. R. 10812. Elizabeth B. Shaw. H. R. 11597. Cyntha E. Oliver. H. R. 8403. Mary K. Baker. H. R. 9926. Kate Teets. H. R. 10832. Melissa A. Hazell. H. R. 11609. Ann Lowmlller. H. R. 8608. Mary E. Marshall. H. R. 9927. Rebecca J. McCurdy. H. R. 10835. Anna Bossard. H. R. 11614. Tillie E. Shryock. H. R. 8666. Dola Bronson. H. R. 9971. Phoebe V. Johnson. H. R. 10839. Anna Beakler. H. R. 11649. Pauline Carl. H. R. 9972. Arrista Smith. H. R. 8675. Louesa H. Hubbard. H. R.10847. Henrietta A. Fred- H. R. 11650. Mary c. watkins. H. R. 8696. Elizabeth J. Camp. H. R. 10006. Anna Maria Kra- H. R. 11652. Margaret W. Bas- mer. ericksen. H. R. 8744. Juliette Frisbie. H. R. 10852. Sarah McPatterson. sett. H. R. 8798. Anna M. McClel- H. R. 10018. Melissa H. Posten. H. R. 10028. Mary L. Baker. H. R. 10862. Amanda Mellott. H. R. 11660. Lydia A. Shindel. land. H. R. 10866. Prudence Cook. H. R. 11661. Annie Arnold. H. R. 8800. Susan J. Wilson. H. R. 10048. Mary E. Bernhard. H. R. 11662. Caroline Weigand. H. R.10053. Laura F. Windsor. H. R. 10868. Nan Donaldson. H. R. 8932. Sina M. McElroy. H. R.10869. Lucy E. Findley. H. R. 11666. Frances E. Shaffer. H. R. 8948. Bridget E. Morgan. H. R. 10062. Henrietta T. ·Fox. H. R. 10084. Mary M. Stafford. H. R. 10872. Eliza A. Ash. H. R. 11670. Eliza. M. Young. H. R. 9018. Kathryn Ryan. H. R. 11673. Sarah Elizabeth H. R.10095. Sarah A. Elrod. H. R. 10891. Mary C. Greene. H. R. 9021. P. Della Hess. H. R. 10894. Isabella Young. Walter. H. R. 9087. Orilla Hammell. H. R. 10100. Sarah M. Metcalf. H. R. 10109. Samantha C. Ack- H. R. 10901. Lulu Insley. H. R. 11682. Frances M. Evans. H. R. 9094. Ellie A. Budd. H. R. 10904. Mary Ida Acton. H. R. 11684. Ida VoSburgh Swart. H. R. 9096. Catherine M c An- ley. H. R.10137. Sarah J. Hartman. H. R. 10912. Laura Hysell. H. R. 11688. Lewis Crabtree. ally. H. R. 10921. Lydia Nickerson. H. R. 11692. Mame L. Willis. H. R. 9128. Sarah M. Ellis. H. R. 10139. Lillie L. White. H. R. 11706. Annie Hayden. H. R. 10140. Mary E. Hays. H. R. 10925. Margaret A. Bauder. H. R. 9140. Ida M. Butler. H. R. 10951. Eve M. Dibert. H. R. 11708. Mary E. Anderson. H. R. 9189. Mary E. Claypool. H. R. 10155. Barbara Norton. H. R. 11710. Caroline M. Coller. H. R. 10162. Annie E. Daisey. H. R. 10982. Elisabeth Junk. H. R. 9196. Harriet Thomas. H. R. 10987. Ella B. Fuller. H. R.ll715. Malvina M. Hurley. H. R. 9200. Harriet Hagedorn. H. R. 10183. Esther A. May. H. R. 11716. Alice V. Kirk. H. R.10187. Mary A. Curry. H. R. 10990. Grace E. Grinsted. H. R. 9202. Ida M. Wigent. H. R. 10991. Lillian M. Bell. H. R.11730. Catherine A. Ap­ H. R. 9203. Rose A. Pettigrew. H. R. 10188. Lydia Fike. plegate. H. R. 10192. Catherine Sleavin. H. R. 10992. Martha Curry. H. R. 9210. Dora Horn. H. R. 10995. Mary E. Bowen. H. R.11735. Willumetta Powers. H. R. 9218. Mary E. Devore. H. R. 10206. Mary E. Haas. H. R.11737. E. Jennette Red- H. R. 10225. Elizabeth Bryant. H. R. 11003. Sarah Funk. H. R. 9219. 1\fina Wilson. H. R.l1027. Sarah Holbrook. ding. H. R. 9240. Ellen M. Gilchrist. H. R. 10226. Sarah A. Noll. H. R.10242. Elvira Frazier. H. R. 11039. Hannah M. Mounts. H. R. 11742. Caroline York. H. R. 9286. Minnie Harrison. H. R.11744. WilHam J. Vaughan. H. R. 1024.3. Catharine C. Mont- H. R. 11062. Artenchia M. Wat- H. R. 9292. Harriet H a z 1 e t t kins. H. R. 11761. Mary C. Calvin. Wonderlich. gomery. H. R. 11074. Ester Haws. H. R.11762. Susan Fisher. H. R. 9294. Olive H. M 11 ten- H. R. 10262. Mary C. Moses. H. R. 10275. Mary Poppino. H. R. 11075. Sarah Brown. H. R. 11765. Nancy M. Skelton. berger. c. H. R. 11770. Augusta Hender- H. R. 10276. Miranda J. Dona- H. R. 11108. Elisabeth E. God- H. R. 9337. Mary L. Frey. . dard. shot. H. R. 9339. Mary M. Conner. hue. H. R.10277. Mary J. Jones. H. R. 11109. Elizabeth Pockmlre. H. R. 11773. Mary E. Bullock. H. R. 9341. Maria J. Pastorius. H. R. 11776. Mary A. Mercer. H. R. 9359. Elizabeth C. Hague. H. R. 10281. Hellen A. Moore. H. R. 11120. Ellen J. Pursel. H. R. 10287. Surilla Kenworthy. H. R.11124. Nancy J. Perrin. H. R. 11798. Anna E. Canfield. H. R. 9381. Elizabeth Miller. H. R.ll803. Addie J. Bridges. H. R. 9382. Delila E. Summers. H. R. 10318. Margaret F. San- H. R.11129. Elmina Crandall. derson. H. R.11131. Sarah J. Zerner. H. R.11817. Annie J. Paty. H. R. 9393. Sarah C. Eldridge. H. R. 11818. Ladocia L. Calhoun. H. R. 10319. Livonia Perkins. H. R. 11149. Sarah E. Sullivan. H. R. 9399. Alice G. Phelps. H. R. 11819. Elizabeth Delong. H. R. 9415. Mary A. McNeil. H. R. 10322. Sarah C. Babcock. H. R. 11158. Emily Soper. H. R. 11159. Adelaide Knight. H. R. 11823. Elizabeth J. Kem- H. R. 9418. Mathilda L. Sniggs. H. R. 10332. Louisa E. Stoddard. per. H. R. 10333. Leonora W.Morgan. H. R.11174. Lizzie A. Thompson. H. R. 9427. Emma Blackwell. H. R. 11828. Annie Grom. H. R. 9430. Margaret J. Moore. H. R.10335. Emma J. Mahaffey. H. R.11219. Letta A. Jones. H. R. 10336. Aleathia E. Stl·ine. H. R. 11224. Mary S. Tillett. H. R. 11829. Anna Webber. H R. 9432. Sarah J. Green. H. R. 11837. Hattie Dersam. H. R. 9455. Lutrescie R. Lyons. H. R. 10338. -Sarah F. Grime. H. R. 11227. Ophelia F. Lyons. H. R. 10339. Virginia C. Mont- H. R.11247. Dora Warner. H. R. 11841. Mary E. Martin. H. R. 9463. Lyda E. Case. - H. R. 11848. Margaret E. Russell. H. R. 9472. Martha C. Thomas. gomery. H. R. 11261. Emma P. Sharp. H. R. 10352. Sarah J. McLain. H. R. 11288. Mary E. Shyrigh. H. R. 11857. Catharine Johnson. H. R. 9473. Elizabeth Myers. H. R. 11864. Agnes C. Ladley. H. R. 9479. Olive J. Knowles. H. R. 10364. Isabel McAdoo. H. R.11289. Sarah A. Cadwal- H. R. 10407. Emma McComb. lader. H. R.l1866. Eliza McGrew. H. R. 9506. Ann W. Ward. H. R. 11873. Sarah L. Cook. H. R. 9509. Alice Barbour. H. R. 10412. Malinda Berry. H. R. 11292. Hattie E. Neal. H. H. R. 9512. Reginah Neal. H. R.104.33. Mary Lee. H. R. 11296. Alice M. Eddleman. R. 11880. Eliza M. Clemons. H. R. 9513. Laura E. Dull. H. R. 10434. Mary E. CUnning- H. R. 11298. Rachel L. James. H. R. 11888. Mary E. Herbert. H. R. 9516. Georgiana Everett. ham. H. R. 11308. Elizabeth F. Harris. H. R.11890. Elizabeth Clary. H. R.11891. Rachel J. Hartley. H. R. 9527. Isabell Sampson. H. R.10447. Alice E. Bush. H. R.11312. Sarah J. Ott. H. R. 9541. Tillie McCrea. H. R. 10453. Harriet Roach. H. R. 11320 Margaret E. Blue. · H. R. 11898. Mary A. Elliott. H ..R. 9571. Margaret A. Motz. H. R. 10460. Fannie McKinzie. H. R. 11346. Mildred C. Adel. H. R. 11916. Mary P. Sanborn. H. R. 9572. Annie Castner. H. R.10483. Sarah Horney. H. R. 11351. Martha A. Van- H. R. 11921. Nancy J. McSweeny. H. R. 9580. HannahS. Hinman. H. R.10489. Mallie E. Roberts. winkle. H. R. 11922. Esther V. King. H. R. 9581. Mary J. McCommon. H. R.10497. Annie E. Box. H. R. 11361. Amanda E. Black­ H. R. 11925. Mary J. Bivenour. H. R. 9582. Ellen J. Norris. H.R. 10500. Mary E. Walker. rick. H. R. 11927. Abigail A. Butler. H. R. 9584. Sarah E. Arnold. H. R. 10510. Alice P. George. H. R. 11375. Martha Williamson. H. R. 11939. Anna M. Mitchell. H. R. 9603. Mary E. Smith. H. R. 10523. Virg.lnia C. Smith. H. R.11378. Lena 0. Catlin. H. R. 11941. Mamie Partridge. 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 249

H. R. 11959. Sarah M. Moss. H. R. 12426. Lavinia B. · Sim- H. R. 12812. Sarah E. Wallett. H . R. 13068. Ellen P. Wilkins. H. R. 11960. Mary C. Small. mons. H. R. 12828. Anna E. Church. H. R. 13069. Frances M. Martin. H. R.11963. Ann Maria James. H. R.12434. Lizzie H. Horner. H. R. 12834. Jennette Skidmore. H. R. 13072. Margaret Vi o 1 a H. R. 11987. Emma C. Johnson. H . R. 12455. Rachel Minear. H. R. 12846. Frances C. Grant. Jackson. H. R. 11988. Arminda Abling. H . R. 12458. Mary J. Crichfield. H. R. 12847. Mary E. Tally. H. R.13077. Ida Goldthwait. H. R. 11989. Lottie J. Daniel. H. R. 12463. Margaret J. Trip- H. R. 12849. Mary F. White. H. R. 13079. Mary Keith. H. R. 11991. Lucy A. Westbrook. lett. H. R. 12851. Susanna List. H. R. 13085. George Brill. H. R. 11995. Mary E. Marshall. H. R. 12465. Catherine A. Ste- H. R. 12852. Frances E. Pike. H. R. 13090. Samantha Adamson. H. R. 12001. Clara Layton. vens. H. R. 12853. Bertha Ann Gay. H. R. 13106. Annie Wambaugh. H. R. 12006. Louise J. Bolen. H. R. 12468. Hannah A. Martin. H. R. 12859. Mary A. Blake. H. R. 13112. Eliza Sharp. H. R. 12015. Malvina H. Perry. H. R. 12473. Ardelia Pettry. H. R. 12860. Sarah J. Davis. H. R.13118. Mattie Street. H. R.12024. Isaac Ramey, alias H. R. 12475. Mary A. Bell. H. R.12861. James Baker. H. R.13124. LewElla McCorkhill. Isaac Ramy. H. R.12491. Mary A. Turner. H. R.12864. Sarah C. Miller. H . R.13125. Ama E. Hemenway. H. R. 12027. Belinda Kanzig. H. R. 12492. David W. Skinner. H. R. 12866. Nancy Blake. H. R. 13126. Elizabeth J. Gold- H. R. 12039. Frances A. Galla- H. R. 12495. Clara A. Mosier. H. R. 12878. Martha E. Aughin- thwait. gher. H. R. 12497. Martha A. Hill. baugh. H. R. 13127. Malinda Husband. H. R. 12040. Laura E. Long. H. R . 12510. Mabel F. Clark. H. R. 12881. Viny Carey. H. R.13139. Luese Schneider. H. R.12045. Sarah A. Buck. H. R . 12511. Emma J. MeAn- H. R. 12885. Mary E. Folsom. H. R. 13141. Emily F. Severs. H. R.12051. Nancy J. Wood. derson. H. R.12886. Emma Huston. H. R.13144. Elizabeth B. Ray. H. R. 12069. Elvira Long. H . R. 12514. Mary Carpenter. H. R. 12887. Sarah c. Pile. H. R.13149. Maranda Fasold. H . R. 12080. Lovenia H. Bryne. H . R. 12516. Mary G. Haines. H. R.12888. Mary J. Mimmy. H. R.13153. Mary E. Miller. H. R. 12082. Hannah C. Trump. H . R. 12517. Rhoda Williams. H. R. 12892. Betsy A. Waight. H. R. 13154. Laura L. McHaney. H. R. 12083. Margaret Helman. H. R. 12518. Mary T. Hardy. H. R.12893. Sarah E. Swan. H. R.13159. Eliza A. Goodwin. H. R. 12085. Celestia Travelpiece. H. R. 12519. Elzina Griffin. H. R. 12896. Katie J. Jerolmon. H. R.13162. Margaret A. Mishler. H. R. 12087. Harriet E. Sims. H. R. 12526. Elizabeth C. Ben- H. R. 12905. Rachel F. Porter. H. R. 13164. Adelia E. Fackler. H. R. 12108. Lydia A. Grove. ton. H. R. 12913. Sarah E. Farrell. H. R. 13166. Rosa A. Burnam. H. R. 12109. Emily F. Frazey. H . R.12532. Sadie B. Cowles. H. R.12916. Sophia Saborg. H. R.13171. Clementine Layton. H. R. 12111. Sarah F. Williams. H. R.12545. Eliza Bunn. H. R. 12925. Jennie Miner. H. R. 13173. Josephine Holloway. H. R. 12113. William Tho m a s H. R. 12547. Wilhelmina He is- H. R . 12930. Josepha R. Smith. H. R. 13177. ~'!:atilda Brown. Dean. ner. H. R. i2934. Rebecca Mitchell. H. R. 13178. 1\.iary Ellen Powell. H. R. 12115. Susan M. Linton. H. R. 12555. Julia Cavallier. H. R. 12936. E 1 i z abet h J. H. R. 13184. Emma Stark Derr. H. R. 12116. Anderson Lane. H . R . 12557. Amarilous Kelly. Hearin. H. R.13187. Sarah Ellen Cohn. H. R. 12119. Elizabeth Cook. H. R. 12561. Isaac N. Abner. H. R. 12938. Jennie Apgar. H. R. 13195. Mary A. Henriques. H. R. 12122. Julia A. Kerns. H. R . 12563. Mary J . Dottarar. H. R. 12939. Lois C. Morse. H. R. 13196. Angeline Staples. H. R. 12125. Eliza Elwell. H. R. 12566. Belle Greenslate. H. R. 12940. Kate Haslar. H. R. 13200. Phebe E. Pray. H. R. 12137. Isabelle Lansing. H . R. 12567. Manzie E. Langley. H. R . 12943. Cathern A. Green. H. R. 13204. Sarah A. Dunlap. H. R. 12138. Maria Briggs. H. R. 12580. Henrietta Johnson. H. R. 12950. Catherine Middle- H. R. 13205. Ruth Miller. H. R. 12143. Lucinda Manis. H . R. 12582. Fannie A. McFeet- ton. H. R. 13206. Sallie Marple. H. R. 12151. Rachel Harlan. ers. H. R . 12951. Kate E. Main, H. R. 13208. Jennie V. Myers. H. R. 12153. Mary Antle. H . R. 12589. Emma Raymond. known as Kate E. H. R. 13210. Laura Harnois. H. R. 12154. Nettie Pixley. H. R . 12590. Alma E. Brown. Addy. H. R.13211. Reuben B. F. Ar- H. R. 12159. Sarah Isabella Win- H . R . 12597. Eliza A. Gleason. H. R.12953. Esther E. Smith. nold, alias Reuben chell. H. R. 12606. Margaret S . Rains. H. R. 12954. Charity Is abe 11 Arnold, alias Ruben H. R. 12160. Elsie E. DeGraff. H. R . 12607. Alice Kirkpatrick. Beeson. Arnold. H. R. 12161. Mary A. Cromie. H. R . 12611. Rachel J. Pierce. H. R. 12955. Hannah V. Cun- H. R. 13214. Alzana Isaacs. H. R.12173. Annie Catharine H. R. 12624. Mart ha McLeod. ningham. H. R. 13215. Mary A. Harvey. Kauffman. H. R . 12625. Mary E. Weddle. H. R.12970. Hannah L. Hamil- H . R.13217. Arminto A. Schaub. H. R. 12174. Sarah M. Houck. H . R. 12626. Lena E. Potter. ton. H. R. 13218. Rachel J. Atkinson. H . R. 12185. Zachary G. Jami- H . R. 12628. Agnes _Snyder. H. R. 12972. Sophia C. Schaeffer. H. R. 13231. Cliffie Baker. son, alias z. G. H. R. 12629. Ernestme W. Shet- H. R. 12974. Margaret Gegel. H. R.13234. Mary G . Vance. Jamison. rone. H. R. 13240. Louisa Hale. H. R. 12191. Cyntha E. Patter- H. R. 12630. Philomena M. Wolf. H. R. 12979. Mary M. Harbaugh. H. R. 13241. Annie L. Burnett. son. H. R. 12631. Sarah M. Ethridge. H. R. 12980. Mary A. Matthews. H. R. 13246. Sarah E. McKenzie. H. R. 12192. Mary Moreton. H. R. 12638. Kate Fetter. H. R . 12981. Rebecca Meckley. H. R. 13255. Sarah E. Burrows. H. R. 12195. Sarah E. Abbott. H. R. 12645. Rachel E. Zinn. H. R.12983. Sarah J. White. H. R. 13256. Ella Keen. H. R.12986. Mary E. Kelly. H R 13264 Ann H AI d H. R.12198. Hannah F. Black. H . R. 12649. Carline F . Lehr. H. R. 12987. Isabell C. Hunley. · · · a · exan er. H. R. 12216. Margaret c. Vitteto. H. R. 12654. Sarah Em a I in e H. R.12988. Rebecca Armour. H. R. 13277. Amanda E. Rohm H. R. 12223. Jane Bronson. Hickey. H. R. 12989. Almira B. Evans. H. &. 13279. Mary C. Wilson. · H. R. 12240. Mary A. McLeod. H. R . 12655. Mary E. Bunch. H. R. 12999. Margaret J. Sho- H. R. 13282· Frederica Carll. H. R. 12243. Emma C. Phillips. H. R. 12669 .. Elizabeth Mitchell. walter. H. R.13284. FloraL. Prince. H. R.12245. Emily M. Kiser. H. R. 12674. Leonora Sloppy. H. R. 13285. Sarah M. Cameron. H. R.12248. Barbara c. Bitner. H . R . 12686. Vina Daniels. H. R.13000. Ann F. Clark. H. R.13288. Mary Dieddle. H. R. 12252. Marguerite Denny. H . R. 12687. Sarah M. Bailey. H. R. 13012. Margaret Singleton. H. R. 13289. Sarah A. Haynes. H. R . 12253. Mary H. Clintsman. H. R.12691. Mary A. McKisic. H. R. 13021. Bridget Meenen. H. R. 13304. Rebecca Jackson. H. R. 12698. Amelia Good. H. R. 13027. Catherine Barr. H. R.13308. Lucina Bush. H. R.12257. Anna M. Dielkes. H . R.12707. Emily Harte. H. R. 13029. Lucina E. Hurlbut. H. R. 13310. Clara A. Pollard. H. R. 12265. Matilda J. Turner. H. R.12709. Elmira M. Francis. H. R.13031. Elizabeth Thomp- H. R. 13311. Mary E. Hoover. H. R . 12270. Flanna G. Wicke!. H. R. 12710. Elvira Pauley. H. R.12271. Annie M. M. Spiel- H. R. 12711. Lucinda Mullen. son. H. R. 13313. Rachel Logsden. H. R. 13032. Martha J. Free- H. R. 13434. Harriet J . Stevens. man. H. R. 12712. Ray A. Walters. H . R.12273. Jennie B . Kemper. H. R . 12721. Bellemina Mahan. man. H. R. 13435. Catherine Witzig. H. R. 12279. Ellen Scott. H. R . 13033. James Festerman. H. R. 13436. Sarah Cossiboin. H. R. 12280. Angeline Andrews. H. R. 12722. Elizabeth S. Antill. H. R.13044. Mary E. Buchanan. H. R.13437. Theresa Hanrahan. H. R. 12293. Lucy E. Bryant. H. R. 12724. Clara E. Cram. H. R. 13050. Isola Thompson. H. R. 13438. Fa..'lllie McCardle. H. R. 12295. Celina E. Hutton. H . R. 12729. Lucinda Beal. H. R.13057. Sarah E. Erisman. H. R.13439. Mary H. Bull. H. R. 12296. Elizabeth A. Glisan. H . R. 12730. Celina Fralick. H . R. 12732. Alice Kilburn. The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third H. R. 12314. Addie E. Churchill. H. R. 12733. Elizabeth Guyer. H. R. 12315. Susan A. Wise. H . R . 12736. Ella V. Rugg. time, was read the third time, and passed. H . R. 12319. Mary Z. Dawson. H. R. 12737. Nettie Champagne. On motion of Mr. NELSON of Wisconsin, a motion to recon­ H. R.12320. Mary E. Green. H. R.12738. Adeline Kibby. sider the vote by which the bill was passed was laid on the H. R. 12321. Elizabeth E. Fouke. H. R. 12739. Mary E. Fleming. H. R.12327. John Deaton. table. · H. R. 12329. Sallie Peters. H. R. 12745· Mary J. Jemison. H. R.12749. Caroline Wood. SPEECH OF HON. HAROLD M'GUGIN H. R. 12332. Elizabeth D. R. H. R. 12751. Catharine D. Car- Mr. SPARKS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Prouty. rell. H. H . 12335. Sarah A. Lane. H. R. 12756. Elizabeth Jett. extend my remarks in the RECORD by printing a speech made H. R. 12364. Adalade P. Cousens. H . R.12757. Nancy J. Pickel- by Harold McGugin over the radio station at Coffeeville, H. R . 12369. Margret A. Lohr. simer. Kans., Mr. McGugin being the Congressman elect from the H. R. 12373. Betty Chism. H. R. 12768. Cora Reiley. third district of Kansas, and the speech being upon the sub­ H. R. 12377. Rufus A. Allison H. R. 12772. Mary Wagner. Gates. H. R. 12773. Mollie Sheets. ject of corporation farming. H . R. 12389. Emma M. Johnson. H. R. 12775. Rose E. Harmon. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Kansas asks unani­ H. R. 12392. Caroline F. Pardoe. H. R. 12778. Rosetta Minor. mous consent to extend his remarks in the RECORD by print­ H. R. 12400. Martha B. Balsley. H. R. 12792. Agnes C. Gill. ing a radio address delivered by the Member elect from the H. R. 12401. Louese Pearson. H. R. 12793. Lavinia C. Preston. H. R.12417. Sadie E. Yantz. H. R.12796. Matilda Harer. third district of Kansas. Is there objection? H. R. 12420. Love Sims. H. R. 12800. Martha J. Hannah. There was no objection. 250 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 5 The speech is as follows: The Tulsa World, ln a recent ·editorial, said in part: "Absentee landlordism is the real trouble ln Porto Rico, accord­ CORPORATION FARMING ing to Gov. Theodore Roosevelt and others in a position to know. Corporation farming means that the individual farmer is tcr be They intimate that the American corporation ownership of the driven from the farm lands of America. It means the end of that farm or sugar plantations makes the economic condition just fine' agricultural civilization which has meant so much to the what it was under many decades of Spanish rule. In the old builders of America. Corporation farming means that the individ­ days grandees, who lived somewhere else, wrung the last cent from ual farmer, rearing and educating his family, is to pass out of the poor peons-and th.e American sugar corporations are doing existence and to be superseded by a few poorly paid hired hands. the same thing now. These hired hands will only be a fraction of the number engaged "Porto Rico has the highest death rate in the eastern part of tn agriculture under the old-established system of individual the world and the tuberculosis infection is the highest known. ownership. Over one-third of the population is chronically ill mainly from One farm corporation in Kansas makes this bold public state­ preventative diseases or from ills produced by unemployment, ment: malnutrition, insanity, surroundings, etc. Corporation farming is " Large corporations whose sole business lt will be to perform being fought off in Kansas and other places. The middle class the operations of plowing, planting, cultivating, and harvesting hardly exists in Porto Rico and other corporation farming coun­ will supersede the individual farmer." tries, and it is certain that the same thing will come to pass here This corporation is rapidly making good. this threat against if the system becomes well established. The small home owner the continued existence of the Kansas farmer. This corporation and farmer has been the backbone of the Nation. When be goes had 5,000 acres in 1927. In January, 1930, it had 50,000 acres. out-then what? " Two hundred such corporations could raise all the wheat in In a recent editorial in Harper's Magazine, which was reprinted Kansas. There were two farm corporations in Kansas in Decem­ in the Kansas City Star, I observed in part the following: ber, 1929; on March 1 of this year there were 6 and on Septem._ " The future of the American 1 armer is the most interesting ber 1 there were 13. At the present rate of progress, a dozen subject I can think about. Wlll he disappear completely. or at farm corporations will own and control the wheat lands of Kansas any rate become a mere cog in the great food-raising machinery within five years. This will mean that the wealth derived from which some day may roll from one end of our great countryside the farms of Kansas will no longer be owned by farmers and to the other-machinery owned and operated for profit by a half citizens of Kansas but will be owned by stockholders in New York dozen Henry Fords and using a race of skilled mechanics along or elsewhere. with another race not so skilled and a locust cloud of bookkeepers? These farm corporations are selling their stock to the public and "Will he have gone under to such an extent that he wm be no with the money received are freezing out the American farmer longer Farmer Brown, of Libertyville, Ohio, but No. 2496, section by taking brutal advantage of the present depressed conditions. 3, United States Farms (Inc.)? Or will he revive in some fashion One of these corporations plays the role of a Shylock with this which I can not imagine and restore to our civilization the figure cold-blooded public statement: that once was so picturesque to contemplate? I hope so, though " We have the capital-the cash. We are si.n}ply taking ad­ no movement now on foot encourages me to believe it." · vantage of the present conditions. We are buying land while the Do not confuse corporation farming with power farming. It price is low, while the so-called depression is on." is inevitable that power farming is going to increase the size This same corporation makes this brazen statement tn defiance of American farms and thereby decrease to an extent our farm and contempt of humanity and -civilization: population. The question is whether or not we are going to " Our overhead .is reduced to absolute minimum, requiring only have power farming by the individual farmer or by the farm three months of the year to plow, disc, plant, and gather, while corporations. The individual can only increase his holdings the average farmer must maintain his home and family 12 months from his earnings. The corporation increases its holdings from during the year. Our plan is a substantial Improvement over the its sale of stock. Individual ownership of farms under power old method." farming can never in the tenth degree acquire the large landed No one can regard this plan as an improvement over the old estates that corporations selling their stock will acquire. Large plan, except that he worships a god of greed rather than the landed estates for the centuries have been the bane of civiliza­ Christian God of civilization. No American patriot can accept tion. American and English jurisprudence have for three cen­ this new plan as an improvement save one whose patriotism is turies been discouraging and breaking down large landed es­ measured by dividends for a few owners of corporation stock tates. We have done so in America by providing that each rather than one whose patriotism is measured by the welfare of child is an equal heir; therefore, with every generation estates the great body of American people. The American farmer, keeping have again been broken up into smaller tracts. By law we his family the year round, giving his children scholastic and have provided against perpetuities in real-estate titles. The religious education, is not the overhead of agriculture--it is the corporation owning farm lands will never die. It lives forever. overhead of civilization. · Corporation ownership of farm land means the worst kind or A farm corporation makes this public statement: perpetuities in land titles. "We now own 17,280 acres of the finest lands in Kansas. It Corporation farming is a challenge to American clvllizatlon. would require 53 farmers to till this land, each farmer averaging The challenge can be met if we have the courage to meet lt. 320 acres. For maintenance of themselves and families these The corporation is yet awhile a child of the State. No cor­ farmers would require a minimum living cost of $1,200 per year poration can engage in the business of agriculture except that a each, or $63,600. State government gives to that corporation a charter author­ " Our operator farms not less than 700 acres, and does this in iEing it to engage in the business of agriculture. Corporation 90 days, at a cost of $4 per day. We need only 25 operators to do farming can not destroy the American civilization, except that the work of 53 farmers operating under the old method. Our the governments of the 48 different States may by solemn yearly pay roll for these men is only $8,000. This means a new decree legislate and provide that corporations may engage in saving of $54.960 in labor made possible by our plan... the business of farming, and thereby destroy the individual farmer. It is not a problem which the Federal Government This is not a saving of $54,960; it is a rObbery of American farm can meet. It is a problem which the State governments must civilization of $54,960 per year, which should be used to maintain meet. The State governments must in the last analysis be American farm families and to educate American children of the wholly responsible for corporation ownership of farming or in­ farm. This statement gives the true picture of the effect of cor­ dividual ownership of farming. There can not be corporation poration farming upon society. It discloses that 28 of every 53 ownership of farming unless the States permit it. Corpora­ farmers shall be driven from the farm lands of America to be tion farming can not be prohibited unless the State govern­ roving gypsies and vagabonds upon the face of the earth, while ments prohibit it. the remaining 25 will be hired hands three months In the year and The State governments can further provide by law that cor­ tramps the remaining nine months. porations can not own real estate beyond the corporate limits of Unemployment is now the bane of American civilization. Cor­ cities. Oklahoma has legislation along this line. Such legislation poration farming means that we add to the army of unemployment will prohibit the building up of large landed estates. Oklahoma 28 of every 53 farmers for 12 months in the year and the remain­ by law permits a corporation to own farm real estate for a period ing 25 of every 53 -farmers to this same army of hunger for 9 of five years, ~ter which time it must dispose of the real estate, months during the year. Corporation farmi.ng is an assault upon else it escheats to the State. This is sufficient to protect farm­ Christianity and civilization. The very corner stone of America, loan corporations that have been obliged to protect their loans. civilization, and Christianity is the home. Any line of business Unless corporation farming is stopped all the national agitation which employs men for only three months in the year is an enemy for farm relief will have been in vain. Corporation farming needs of the home. Such a business would not employ married men no relief. Corporation farming, not bearing the expense of main­ with family ties. It would want only single men who could with taining families, produces its wheat very cheaply. A corporation ease be floaters during the unemployed season of nine months farming 50,000 acres in Kansas advertises that it raises an average each year. of 17¥-z bushels an acre at a producing cost of $4.83 per acre, Corporation farming Is already going through the Wheat Belt which is less than 28 cents a bushel. These corporations are break­ of Kansas, destroying farm homes more effectively than could be ing up thousands of acres of new land. They are the people who done by a heartless invading army of vandals. Corporation farm­ are increasing the acreage and thereby increasing the wheat sur­ ing reduces the tillers of the American soil to a lower level than plus. They will continue to do so as long as the price of wheat the Mexican peon, a medieval serf, or a Russian peasant. Peons, will permit a profit over 28 cents a bushel. Corporation farming serfs, and peasants at least had a home upon the land which they will solve the farm problem, but it will impoverish the individual tilled. The millions of American farmers have been the ever­ American farmer and drive millions of them into the labor centers conservative and reliable faction of American society. Patriotism of America only to increase the present economic chaos. and social welfare alike demand that corporation farming must If corporation farming is permitted, ·no individual farmer east forever be prohibited· in America. of Wichita, Kans., will ever produce a bushel of wheat at a profit. 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 251 It will be impossible for Government to extend any aid to the always enlightens the House on any subject he discusses, individual farmer without extending aid to these organizations, which are destroying American civilization, and which need no aid. will be given all the time he needs on this proposition. Corporation dairying is at this time driving the indiv.idual Mr. SffiOVICH. Very well. dairymen of the South into bankruptcy. If corporation farmmg is permitted, there is no escape for the individual farmer of America. GEN. WILLIAM MOULTRIE The merging and monopolizing of all lines of business, indus­ Mr. McSWAIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to trial and commercial, have greatly destroyed the economic oppor­ extend my remarks in the RECORD on the life, character, and tunities of the individual American citizen. Monopolization of in­ dustry, commercial business and banking is primarily responsible public services of Gen. William Moultrie, who was the hero for the distress and chaos in which we find America to-day. There at the Battle of Fort Sullivan on June 28, 1776, whereby the can be no monopolization except through a selfish abuse of corpo­ British Fleet was repulsed in Charleston Harbor, and to in­ ration ownership. Corporation farming will mean inevitably that the production of the food supply of America will be monopolized. clude the proceedings of the General William Moultrie When that day comes, the American consuming public will be Memorial Association, held in Charleston, S.C., on Novem­ bled white. When farming is incorporated and monopolized, the ber 23, 1930, at which I was to be the principal speaker. I last economic opportunity for the individual American will have was prevented from attending, by illness, and Prof. W. T. vanished. The State legislatures of the various States are about to go into Shaffer agreed to substitute for me. He delivered a brief, session. It is the solemn obligation for the 1931 session of every but eloquent, address on that occasion, and I ask permission State legislature to provide by law that no corporation shall be to include it along with my own remarks. given a charter to permit it to engage in the business of agricul­ ture, also to provide by law that no corporation shall own farm The SPEAKER. The gentleman from South Carolina land except that the title be acquired for the payment of debt and asks unanimous consent to extend his own remarks in the that the ownership shall be for only a limited period of time. RECORD and to insert certain proceedings relative to the As corporation farming decolonizes the rural district it will memorial mentioned. Is there objection? bring economic ruin to every agricultural town and community. The local banker, business man, professional man, and editor There was no objection. will all trail along with the vanishing farmer into bankruptcy Mr. McSWAIN. Mr. Speaker, any brave and honorable and distress. The local newspaper is the sentry which should people who desire and seek a worthy posterity will honor always give warning to the sleeping populace of an approaching foe. Every newspaper should immediately advise the people of and revere their heroic and noble ancestors. In that spirit the approaching vandal---corporation farming. If democracy in was organized the Gen. William Moultrie Memorial Associa­ America means anything, an enlightened public will preserve its tion at Charleston, S. C., on November 23, 1930. Exercises own existence. The newspaper alone can immediately enlighten in honor of the two hundredth aniversary of Gen. William the people. If we are to save ourselves from the peonage of corporation farming we must act at once. After these corpora­ Moultrie were held in St. Phillip's Church, a very old and tions are organized and hundreds of thousands of people have historic organization and building at Charleston, S. C. I vested interests to the extent of millions of dollars in farm cor­ had accepted an invitation during the spring of 1930 to de­ poration stock it will then be too late to stop this scourge of American society. liver the memorial address on that occasion and had-made This American civilization has largely been built upon the rock considerable preparation by way of general reading. How­ foundation of economic opportunity and economic independence ever, as the time for the meeting approached I became ill for the i!ndividual citizen. When economic opportunity ,and inde­ and was compelled to enter the hospital and, therefore, had pendence for the individual in every avenue of business--indus­ trial, commercial, banking, and agricultural-is monopolized, then to notify the committee in charge of my inability to par­ the decay of a great civilization will not have only begun but Will ·ticipate in the exercises.' It was a source of regret to me be beyond cure. To restore the economic independence and op­ and one of sore disa]!>pointment. portunity of the lone American citizen is something more than an e<:onomic program or campaign; it is a patriotic struggle worthy The place of General Moultrie in history is firmly fixed, of all the heroism and fervent patriotism of loyalty to country. but it is highly proper that we of this generation and of succeeding generations should have every aid and stimulus PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE to learn of his life and of his splendid patriotic services Mr. SffiOVICH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to and to emulate his noble private character. It will be address the House for 10 minutes. noted that General Moultrie was two years older than The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New York asks George Washington. He had imbibed a strong devotion for unanimous consent to address the House for 10 minutes. Is civil liberty and for political freedom, characteristics so prom­ there objection? inent among the Scotch race from which he was descended. Mr. Tll..SON. Mr. Speaker, may I ask the gentleman Undoubtedly the splendid victory for American arms on whether his remarks relate to the bill that is to be consid­ June 28, 1776, whereby the patriot forces intrenched behind ered to-day? palmetto logs on Sullivans Island repulsed the British fieet Mr. SffiOVIGH. Yes. seeking to enter Charleston Harbor, and from that position Mr. TILSON. Why can not the gentleman wait until we to shell the city and to compel its surrender, was due in go into Committee of the Whole? the largest measure to the military genius and to the in­ Mr. SffiOVICH. I can not proceed then, because the bill spiring leadership of General Moultrie. That victory was will be considered under the 5-minute rule. one of the decisive battles of the Revolutionary struggle. Mr. TIT...SON. But the gentleman can always ask to pro­ Charleston was one of the three largest cities in the Colonies. ceed for 10 minutes. As the gentleman's remarks relate to Boston, Charleston, and New York were the three prin­ the bill which is to be taken up to-day it does not seem to me cipal ports of entry for all trade between the Colonies and that we ought to violate the tentative agreement we made other nations. If Charleston had been captured on June the other day to not grant leave to address the House when 28, 1776, after Boston had already been occupied by the there are appropriation bills under consideration. The sub­ British and as New York was soon thereafter to be occu­ ject to which the gentleman wishes to address himself is a pied, then all hope of success for the arms of the Colonies subject that comes up in the discussion of the bill to-day. might have been abandoned. But when it was manifest that If the gentleman wishes only 10 minutes it seems to me there untrained American farmers and mechanics could fight with will be no difficulty whatsoever in giving it to him. cannon and rifle as well as professional soldiers, then the Mr. LINTffiCUM. It is an important matter and should cause of independence was tremendously enhanced. It is be fully discussed. by no means sure that the victories in Charleston Harbor Mr. Tn.SON. I agree with the gentleman. There ought had any direct causal connection with the Declaration of to be no undue limitation of time in reference to this matter. Independence six days later, but it is most pleasant to in­ Mr. SIROVICH. It is a very important measure. dulge the thought that during those six days the news could Mr. TILSON. Of course, it is, and it should be fully dis­ have reached Philadelphia by swift couriers, and could have cussed; but it is coming up to-day in the consideration of given sufficient confidence to the members of the Conti­ this appropriation bill. Why should we grant leave to one nental Congress to justify them in taking that bold and gentleman to address the House on a subject that is coming brave step. up later? The orderly way is to wait until the matter comes Thus the victory accomplished by the ability and inspira­ up for consideration and then give it such time as is neces­ tion of General Moultrie gave that initial impetus to the sary. I am sure that the gentleman from New York, who ca:use of independence so necessary and at such _a critical 252 CONGR_ESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 5 time. Though discouragement followed discouragement dur­ -such confidence may have been well founded; Ramsey, writing with first-hand knowledge of sentiment in the colony just prior ing- the long and tedious years thereafter, yet the patriots to the beginning of the war, observes: "South Carolina, happy in could still hope for victory, since such signal victory ~d her connection with Britain, wished no change. Between her and once been accomplished in that battle. The subsequent vic­ the mother country there was no collision of interests, and there. had never been serious complaint of either against the other. tories at Saratoga and at Trenton and the later victories at Carolina, prosperous and well satisfied with her political condition, Cowpens and Kings Mountain offset the disastrous and did not covet independence. It was forced upon her as the only calamitous defeats at Camden, Hobkirks Hill, Savannah, and means of extrication from the grasp of tyranny exerted to enforce Charleston and made it spiritually possible for the patriots novel claims of the mother country, subversive of liberty and happiness." But the dangers lurking behind the new policies of still to persevere. Without this spirit the crowning and the King were as yet apparent only to the few, to far-visioned lead­ glorious culmination of Yorktown might never have come. ers-Moultrie, Laurens, Gadsden, Drayton. The mass of the people, In more than 100 other battles and skirmishes the patriot still prosperous, were contented with their lot and many of their forces and partisan bands of South Carolina and North Car­ men of mark and station continued loyal to the English King. With Charleston captured it is likely that the infant Gause .of olina under such natural leaders as Francis Marion, Thomas freedom in South Carolina would have died in its cradle--a South Sumter, Aridrew Pickens, Thomas Brandon, John Sevier, once more become a loyal projection of England might have Isaac Shelby, Benjamin Cleveland, James Williams, the Mc­ proved not only a convenient base but a useful ally in crushing out a revolt that at this period had gained its chief popular sup­ Dowells, Hambright, Winston, Lacey, Hill, and many others port in the more northern colonies. demonstrated their-fitness to match-trained British regu­ Realizing that the reduction of Charleston was to be but a lars and thus kept alive the resolution to continue the fight prelude to operations for the recovery of the entire South, an experienced officer, Maj. Gen. Charles Lee, was hurried to the spot for independence. with supreme command of the American forces in Virginia, both REMARKS OF E. T. H. SHAFFER AT THE BICENTENNIAL MEMORIAL SERVICES Carolinas, and Georgia. On the 1st day of June, 1776, the :British HELD AT ST. PHILLIYS CHURCH, CHARLESTON, S.C., IN HONOR OF GEN. armada, upward of 50 vessels, probably the mightiest sea force WILLIAM MOULTRIE, WHO WAS BORN NOVEMBER 23, 1730 ever launched against American shores, appears o:ff Charleston bar. It is a privilege and an honor to recall to-night some incjdents On the transports were 2,200 regulars commanded by that ex­ of the life of William Moultrie and to pay tribue to the supreme perienced soldier, Sir Henry Clinton; under him served Maj. Gen. gifts to our country of this illustrious man whose birth in Charles­ Lord Cornwallis; in command of the fleet came Admiral, after­ ton 200 years ago we meet to commemorate. We come not in a wards Sir Peter Parker, bringing with him Lord William Campbell spirit of vainglory over victory, of pride in national achievement, to resume his rule as royal governor of South Carolina; the 11 but to consecrate ourselves and our children anew to the lofty fighting ships carry 270 cannons---aroused at last the lion is about principles that animated the soul of Moultrie and inspired his to strike. signal devotion to liberty. Viewing so many ships, such vast sea power, at the thought of The family of Moultrie had been prominent and distinguished the disciplined hosts on board the transports, their leaders bear­ in Scotland, the records show, since the middle of the fifteenth ing great names and distinguished in many wars, the heart of the century. John Moultrie, the father of William, graduated from English-born Charles Lee, high commander of the American forces, the University of Edinburgh and was a physician of note in his fails him and he is thrown into a panic. Moultrie, a mer& native land. But, like multitudes of his liberty-loving fellow Colonial colonel serving under him, in an uncompleted fort of Scots, restive under antique forms of church and state that palmetto logs with 25 small guns and a meager supply of ammu­ throughout Europe hindered the ambition of the intellectually nition, calmly proposes to engage the British fleet in battle. Gen­ emancipated Europe at that time, he dreams of a world of fuller eral Lee suggests the wisdom of his build~ng a bridge to the main­ opportunity and, emigating to America, settles in Charleston land for the convenience of his retreat, but Moultrie, man of prior to 1729. - action, not of words, makes no reply. His thought is of holding 'I_'he several children of this pioneer, true to the traditions of the fort, not of seeking shelter on the mainland. Lee then with­ their clan, rose rapidly to positions of distinction in the Colonies. draws a large portion of the force to Haddrells Point, now Mount At the early age of 24 William became a member of the Commons Pleasant, in hope of delaying the British advance after Moultrie House of the Assembly of South Carolina. Six years later he and his little garrison have been swept aside. Finally, peeved at served as captain under Governor Lyttelton in his expedition what he doubtless considered the foolhardiness of Moultrie's in­ against the Cherokee Indians. Although he had received both experience, Lee sends orders to Colonel Nash, of North Carolina, civil and military honors from the royal government, on the out­ to report to him on June 28 to supersede the bold South Caro­ break of the war for American independence, instantly embracing linian. But fate willed otherwise. At gray dawn on the 28th .of what he deemed the cause of right and justice, he offered his June, in happy recollection celebrated in after years by Charleston sword to his people rather than to his King. In June, 1775, he as" Carolina day," the top sails are loosed and soon the fleet moves became a member of the First Provincial Congress of South Caro­ in for the attack. .AE. the shells from the heavy naval mortars lina, and this body, at the solicitation of John Rutledge, ap­ begin to fall about the little fort and the tall ships of the line pointed him first colonel of the Second South Carolina Regiment. swing about to pour their successive broadsides, an excited officer Ever zealous in the cause of his country, he devised a flag, Sep­ rushing to the exposed platform where Moultrie stands exclaims: tember, 1775, blue, with a white crescent in the dexter corner, "Sir, when those ships come to lay alongside your fort they inscribed with the word "Liberty." This emblem he raised above will knock it to pieces in half an hour.'' Fort Johnson, boldly in view of the British ships, America's first "Then," answers Moultrie, "we will lay behind the ruins and battle flag. prevent the men from landing." ; We pass on to the supreme moment of his career, his defense Another incident of the battle: The flag staff is shot down and of Fort Sullivan, rechristened by his valor and the blood of his the blue emblem of Uberty lies prostrate on the white beach. devoted men Fort Moultrie, a battle that not only saved his native Sergeant Jasper cries to the commander, "Colonel, don't let us city from the enemy but that, as shown in the light of after fight without our colors." events, marked a turning point in the struggle for the freedom of "How can we help it?" is the reply, "The staff is gone." At the his native land. words Sergeant Jasper leaps over the ramparts, secures the fallen To-day news flashes back and forth between continents with flag, ties it to a sponge sta:ff, raises it upon the rampart facing the rapidity of the lightning, and what transpires in America the enemy, gives three cheers for liberty, and returns quietly to may be discussed and understood within a few hours in London. his post-and to immortality. But in those far-o:ff eighteenth century days that we are recalling The battle that raged all day between the fleet and the fort communication was a tedious matter of weeks and months, and need not be retold here in detail, sufficient to observe its effect" even then the methods of transmitting thought were but meager upon the enemy and then attempt to eventuate its bearing on the when contrasted with our day when through the magic of many course of the ensuing war. Soon after nightfall, at 9.30, the last inventions history in the very making is unrolled before our eyes. shot was fired. Under cover of darkness the shattered, humbled .AE. tidings from America, in letters and by messenger, crossed the fleet, leaving one vessel stranded, creeps silently back to its sea in sailing ships it was difficult for the K~ng and his councilors distant anchorage well beyond the range of Moultrie's guns. to fully comprehend the depth of the discontent, the seriousness Charleston was saved and the long tradition of British sea invinci­ of the revolt of their oversea subjects. Concord and Lexington bility broken. A palmetto fort repulses ships of British oak; the warned that there were men here who could oppose the King's palmetto, emblematic of this victory, becomes the proud armorial regulars, but it was still hoped that by a supreme display of _tree of South Carolina. strength the incipient uprising could be awed into submission. General Lee, now filled with admiration at the heroic conduct of Toward the close of the year that witnessed the outbreak of hos­ Moultrie and his men, in his report of the action to George t111ties in New England a formidable fleet with an army of British Washington, declared," The cool courage they displayed astonished regulars was dispatched to end the war in America. The great and enraptured me; the noble fellows who were mortally wounded attack was launched against the southern colonies; the initial conjured their brethren never to abandon their standard of step was to be the capture of Charleston, whose broad harbor liberty," then, seeking a fitting measure for such valor, he must and ample accommodations for men and munitions of war ren­ cite the days of ancient Rome: " They acted like the Romans of dered it an ideal base for prolonged and extensive campaigns. A the third century." deciding factor in the direction of this expedition was a belief in One of the first measures of the newly formed Continental Con­ London that the long-favored crown colony'of South Carolina was gress was a recognition of the distinguished service of the hero still largely loyal and that upon the capture of its capital city and of Fort Moultrie. "Sir," wrote John Hancock, President of that restoration of the deposed royal governor multitudes would fiock body, "I am extremely happy to have it in my power to transmit to the old colors. to you, by order of Congress, the thanks of the United States o:t 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 253 America for your patriotic and spirited exertions in behalf of lib­ After his victory at Fort Moultrie the hero did not rest upon erty and your country. This success of our arms, attended with his arms, content with conspicuous laurels. In 1778 he repulsed every circumstance that can add luster to the characters of those a British force near Beaufort, the first action where British regu­ who conducted it, will forever render estimable your name with lars were checked in an open field; the same spring he saved every friend of America, and posterity will be astonished when Charleston once more, this time from the army of General Pre­ they read that on the 28th of June an inexperienced handful of vost, thus "thrice meriting the mural crown." men under your command repulsed with loss and disgrace a pow­ General Moultrie was among the prisoners taken at the capitu­ erful fleet and army of veteran troops, headed by officers of lation of Charleston in 1780. He was exchanged on the 19th of rank and reputation. May you 'go on thus to merit and receive February, 1782. It is interesting to note that America exchanged the gratitude of your country; and as a reward of your mllitary her two most distinguished prisoners of war for two Charles­ service may your name be enrolled in the list of American worthies tonians--General Burgoyne for General Moultrie and Lord Corn­ on whom posterity will bestow the most grateful and unceasing wallis for Henry Laurens. During his long captivity an effort was applause.'' made to induce Moultrie to forsake the American cause and return Such was the recognition by his contemporaries of the impor­ to his British allegiance. In a letter from his old friend Lord tance of Maul trie's victory, nor has thlA opinion been changed or Charles Montagu the suggestion was made, couched in the most .modified with passing years. A New Englander of a later day affectionate and flattering language . echoes Hancock's praise. Henry Cabot Lodge says: It was urged that, having done all humanly possible for what "It was a well-fought action and the honor of the day belongs then appears a hopeless cause, he may, With honor, take the oath to Moultrie, whose calm coUrage and excellent dispositions en­ to the King, thereby insuring his family from suffering and his abled him to hold the fort and beat off the enemy.'' own old age from want. His response is one of deep indignation Writing in 1808, when the war could be viewed in retrospect, for an affront, not only to his personal integrity but to one who David Ramsey, whose appraisal of sentiment in South Carolina had been singled out as worthy of receiving the praise and thanks prior to the outbreak of the Revolution has been mentioned, writ­ of his country: "When I entered this contest I did it with the -ing of the effects of the Battle of Fort Moultrie observes: most mature deliberation and with a determined resolution to risk " The friends of America triumphed. • • • Experience my life and fortune in the cause. The hardships I have gone proved that America might effectively resist a British fleet and through I shall look back upon with the greatest pleasure and army. The diffident grew bold in their country's cause and looked honor to myself; I shall continue to go on as I have begun, that .forward to the completion of their wishes for Uberty and inde­ my example may encourage the youths of America to stand forth pendence." 1n defense of their rights and liberties." With longer historical perspective McCrady declares: "This vic­ To the crafty suggestion that by accepting a trip to Jamaica he tory at Fort Moultrie, in its moral aspects, was as valuable a..s could avoid hearing any "unpleasant conversations" that might Bunker H111, but it was far more so in the consequences which result from the proposed act, the reply reveals the lofty soul: followed and the advantage it secured.'' "But, sir, you have forgot to tell me where to hide myself from Some, while conceding the bravery of Moultrie and his men and myself. No; not the fee simple of that valuable island, Jamaica, the value of the action in saving Charleston, may question its should induce me to part with my integrity." effect upon the outcome of the war, because four years later Released at last from the long captivity, worn by many cam­ Charleston was taken by another British force. The importance paigns, many hardships, he travels through the melancholy Sep­ of the battle, in this wider aspect, must be sought in the value of tember forest, the dying year rendered more desolate by the the four years' respite that it gained for the cause of the Colonies. ravages of war on every hand. On his way from the camp of What would have been the effect had this city fallen in June, Marion to that of Greene he pauses to visit his plantation, and 1776, instead of in May, 1780? his own account ·of his arrival reveals the patriot and warrior as In September, following the British repulse by Moultrie, New the kindly master come home. "I owned about 200 slaves, not York was captured, the next fall witnessed George Washington at one of whom left me during the war, although they had great his zero hour, his men starving and facing winter at Valley Forge offers. On entering my place, as soon as they discovered that I while the army of Howe enters Philadelphia. Had the sea gates was of the party, there was a great outcry, 'Massa come; Massa of the South then been open with British troops pouring through come'; and they came running from every part with great joy to them against the hard-pressed forces of the Americans, history see me. Every one came and took me by the hand, saying, 'God might have been written differently. bless you, Massa; I'm glad to see you, Massa.' Then the old But soon the British grand campaign to cut New England off Africans joined in a song in their own language, Welcome Warrior from her sister colonies ends in disaster, their general and their Home." . army being captured. France, astonished at this signal success of Moultrie later served his State as governor for two terms, prov­ colonial arms, espousing our cause, Lafayette lands, the symbol ing as wise and prudent in civil affairs as in the arts of war. Not that America has found a friend. John Paul Jones, with his small unmindful of the needs of the youth of his city he served as first ships and dauntless courage, creates an American Navy, and Eng­ chairman of the board of trustees of the College of Charleston, lishmen, from their own shores, view with amazement American faithful to his comrades in arms he became the first president of sea valor. The tide has turned. the Society of the Cincinnati in South Carolina. He died in 1805, Then, not to stamp out an incipient rebelllon but in the desper­ his only possession in old age, the consciousness of duty well per­ ate effort to bring back into subjection a people strengthened by formed, Republics seldom rewarding even the most conspicuous the presence of a powerful ally and enthused by many victories, service with the fee simple of valuable islands. another force appears and Charleston is taken. But for the cause From the Revolution to the outbreak of the War Between the of England the success comes too late. The tradition of British States " Carolina Day" was always celebrated in Charleston, keep­ invincibility, not only on sea but on land, has been weakened as ing fresh memories of Fort Moultrie and its heroes. The broken bold knights of the forest, Marion, Sumter, Pickens, moving ·with custom was renewed on .the centennial of the battle, 1876, which -the caution of foxes, strike with the rapidity of rattlesnakes. year also marked the redemption of the State from the unhappy Hemmed in on every side, with the North and the South now in aftermath of another war. The .day following this celebration, arms, Cornwallis hesitates at Yorktown, and the end comes. Dawson, Charleston's talented and devoted editor, wrote: Considering both its moral effects upon the people and also its "And we congratulate the whole country upon that vast stride direct bearing on mil1tary operations it is difficult to escape the made yesterday toward that goal of union and peace which good conclusion that the victory at Fort Moultrie was a momentous men and true, the Nation over, earnestly and constantly desire. and a deciding action of the war so that what praise there may be When McLean, of New York, and Noyes and Wilder, of Massa­ for the final event must go in large degree to the man who held chusetts, can join with Trenholm and Bonham, of South Carolina, the fort. To fully comprehend the spiritual values of this, as of and Mercer, of Georgia, in the declaration that the bitterness of all wars, one must ponder things deeper than even the establish­ past years must be buried out of sight; when such loyal gentle­ ment of a new nation. Political changes that follow wars are ment, always true to their principles and convictions, unite with seldom the supreme results. These deep, recurring disasters of Kershaw in a parade that a Hampton commands; when from Caro­ humanity would be too dear a price to pay for the making of new linians and New Yorkers and Bostonians swells the cry that this is States or the shifting of boundaries. The War of the Revolution our country and the country of our children as it was the coun­ resulted from the " shopkeeper " policy of an English party in try of our fathers, the moment of true and lasting reconciliation whose eyes the Colonies could never be but trading posts for the is at hand.'' benefit of Great Britain. Many Englishmen on both sides of the As this was being written the tumult and the shouting of a water protested against so narrow a policy. Brethren in a common reunited America, celebrating "Carolina Day" in the streets of cause, Moultrie and Henry Laurens in the South, Hancock and Charleston, still echoed. To those weary of war and distressed Adams in the North, Burke and Pitt in England, became for the by civic wrong the return of the ancient celebration by those moment one in the party of the opposition. throngs marked the coming of a new deliverance and here and But the King's advisers prove too powerful and too obstinate, then occurred the real birth of a nation, visioned by William and their doctrine of "little England" prevailed, obscuring the Moultrie a century before. • world brotherhood of freedom of which some even then had It is an honorable custom, old as civilization, common among caught the first far vision. But because Englishmen in America all peoples, to commemorate with carved shaft and sculptured stood true to their conventions and dared to die for freedom, stone their illustrious dead. England raises the lion-guarded liberty lived here, although defeated for the time in England. obelisk in memory of her great admiral, the soul of France However, the loss of North America as a fruit of their policy gathers strength from the arch of triumph that records the opened the eyes of her ministers, and in the end liberalism directs devotion of her Emperor. To-day, many nations pay tribute to the policies of the British Government itself. Thus the victory their unknown soldier, a proper gesture, yet let none neglect the of Moultrie brought nearer not only the liberties of Americans known. but of Englishmen. The tight little island widens into the great America, like these others, takes pride in her heroes and renders free Empire of the Seven Seas, that in our day stands shoulder to gratitude for their devotion, but this Nation being the ultimate shoulder with America on titanic battle fronts winning a world wielding into one of many parts, many loyalties, it is needful for freedom. that local custodians of the memory of the early patriot, through CONGRES_SlONAL R_ECORD-HO.USE DECEMBER 5 their own devotion, bring to the wide RepubUc the story of the more powerful France. tn men and ships so ably officered. won a deserving son. The devoted band that founded America sprang lasting claim on the gratitude of lovers of freedom everywhere. from every section, · none possessed monopoly of wisdom, of The surrender of the British army under Lord Cornwallis Octo­ ' bravery, but because to the people of the South loyalty to prin­ ber 19, 1781, to Gen. George Washington, commanding the forces ciples ·for a time outweighed even the continuity of political · of America and France, brought the long military· struggle of the bonds a heritage come down from fathers whose passion for Revolution "to an actual close, with the full independence of the liberty begat this Nation, there followed sorrows and trials that former Colonies to be formally evidenced iu the provisional arti­ obscured in the eyes of their own people the memories of earlier cles of November, 1782, and in the ratification of the formal treaty southern patriots. . September 3, 1783. Such sectional neglect brought national loss as.America's hall of Yorktown was the triumphant close of the Revolution, the fame was denied memorials of the common -historical heritage climax of the milltary glory of Washington. Whenev~r Americans upon which our freedom rested. Now, with maturity, as a people, turn to Yorktown, their minds must dwell upon the .heroic serv­ comes clearer perspective, and Americans everywhere awake to the ices, the devotion, the patriotism of Washington, Lincoln, Ham­ fact that we have a past to be proud. of; through this broader ilton, Wayne, and Greene; of Jefferson and Nelson; upon the patriotism justice is accorded and the true tradition preserved for chivalric and effective aid of Lafayette and Von Steuben, of posterity. Rochambea.u and De Grasse; upon the close of war and the dawn­ Keeping fresh for succeeding generations those patriotisms, the ing of peace. lofty integrity. reverence for religion, and respect for law that ani­ Upon yonder shaft of stone, the monument which Congress so mated the fathers of the Republic is a duty to our country and speedily planned and so leisurely provided, it 1s inscribed: our civilization. -Thrones and dynasties pass away as the rule of " To commemorate the victory by which the independence of the people, visioned by the makers of America, spreads to the "far the United ·States of America was achieved," corners of the earth. But the .simple, happy agrarian democracy The commission of artists appointed to recommend the design that our founders substituted for the despotic rule of princes also for the monument reported that " this monument 1s intended to passes before a rising, restless industrial dawn, and machines convey, in architectural language, the idea set forth in the dedi­ threaten to unmake the men who made 'them. New prophets of catory inscription, that by the victory at Yorktown the inde­ an age of materialism would replace liberty with license and scrap pendence of the United States of America was achieved or brought religion because God can not be measured in terms of their to final accomplishment." machines. The ancient landmarks of our fathers are questioned. Congress in. the act of June 7. 1680,. proviged for •• the celebra­ Liberty, misunderstood, becomes the worst of tyrannies. material­ tion of the centennial anniversary of the Battle of Yorktown on Ism run amuck \vould substitute the tomb of its dead leader rising the 19th of October, 1881, as shall befit the hlstorleal signifi.cance 1rom the red square for the sepulcher of the living God. Now, if of that event and the present greatness of the Nation." ever, America," hold up the glories of thy dead. tell how the elder So to-day we should ponder on the historical significance of childten bled." · Yorktown and, with realization of the present greatness of our Nation, give thought to the perpetuation of its glory. In the memoirs and letters of MoUltrie one 1s impressed with the As we stand now upon the very soil of the enemy surrender we tremendous earnestness of the man, his clear vision transcends his may well take the broader view of the historical significance of own generation. He divines America long before the eyes of -the Yorktown. Standing here, with our thoughts in those sunlit days multitude are opened. He stands secure among the immortals; of 17"81, we should think not only of the Revolutionary days of our neglect can not tarnish nor our tribute enhance his glory. military struggle but of the many long years of the colonial He rests to-day In a grave unknown and unmarked, but .he sleeps period. As Yorktown was the dawn of that American autonomy, content because in the· soil of his country and the heart of his under which in a century and a half our Nation has made un­ State. paralleled progress. even so it was the dropping of the curtain But the deeds of the hero plant somewhere in unquarrled stone upon the colonial days, nearly two centuries of striving for self­ the shaft that shall -arise in the appointed time, deep in earth's government, those days of tragic, heroic, and sacrificing begin­ bosom seeds of laurel that shall inmlortal bloom. Over the grave nings. of Isaac Hayne, martyr of the Revolution, has recently been Standing at Yorktown in 1781 and looking back to Jamestown carved this line: " His monument the freedom of his native land." in 1607, we see the slow but sure laying of the foundations, _the To the spirit of Moultrie this freedom would suffice, but America molding of the spirit of a nation. the ~haping of a great pur:­ owes it to herself that his deeds, forming a glorious chapter in pose, the permanence of a noble dream. Turning, then, our faces her history, be recorded 1u letters of brass, that a world may be to the years to follow Yorktown, we may, well contemplate the reminded of his devotion and of the eternal verities for which he century and a half of democracy in action, the building of a .Stood and upon which the-Nation l'ests. nation tremendously powerful, the forging of the real republic. In the harbor of New York France has raised a statue as token So we are reconsecrnted by contaqt with the simple heroism of the of her admiration for American liberty; upon some island tn colonial days, inspired and enthused by the unexampled progress Charleston•s harbor let America raise a heroic statue of this of a pe~p1e. under their own rule. . William Moultrie, who held the fort that this liberty be established. May 14, 1607, at Jamestown, only 20 miles from here, was The city of Charleston, the State of South Ca-rolina, may build established the first permanent settlement in the American many monuments to him, yet they can not fulfill their trust Colonies. Their venturesome little craft, the Discovery, the God­ until they remind the Nation that the hero sleeps with no memo­ speed, and the Sarah Constant, had brought the 120 brave spirits rio.! save its freedom. In bringing the plea for a proper recogni­ who began the building of a nation. When Yorktown came, 174 tion of this patriot the members of the William Moultrie Memorial years later, there was a population of 3,000,000, thirteen colonies, Association come not as a section. suppliant; they but accom­ a narrow fringe along more than a thousand miles of the ocean plish a pious duty in reminding America of her obligation and face of a . great continent. In 1881, -50,000,000 peop~e. 38 States, her privilege. stretching across that ·continent and facing two oceans, celebrated SPEECH OF HON. LOUIS C. CRAMTON the centenary. In 1931, 123.000,000 people, 48 States, with Terri• , tortes and possessions stretching far into the realms of the setting Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to sun ·as well as into the wastes at the very poles of the earth, will extend my remarks in the RECORD by publishing the address commemorate the sesquicentenary. It ls one of history's most dramatic coincidences that the begin,. made by the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. CRAMTON] at ning of America's colonial period at Jamestown and its trium- the one hundred and forty-ninth anniversary of the surren- phant close at Yorktown should be but a few miles apart, here in der at Yorktown. the tidewater lands of Virginia, in this "enchanted peninsula,', hemmed in by the rivers, James and York. . The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the - When we contemplate the world glory of America to-day, the gentleman from Virginia? storms that have been weathered by our ship o! state, we may well . t' turn to Ma-tthew, where we read: There was no 0 bJec lOn. "And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds The speech is as follows: blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell not-for it was ." THE HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF YORKTOWN founded upon a rock." America is builded politica-lly upon the rock of the spi.Plt of a An invitation to ·speak· in this place on the one hundred and ~rave people in our colonial days. The undaunted spirit of the forty-ninth anniversary of the Yorktown victory, on the eve of Colonials, their devotion to freedom, their readiness to sacrifice the sesquicentennial, is an honor which to me carries with it a for the common good, their determination to build a new nation de1inite emba.ITassment, a definite conViction of insufficiency. It upon observance· and protection of the basic rights of man-these does not lie in me. however, to say "No " to Virginia, to whose made inevitable the Revolution, these made possible and certain people an.d press I am so deeply indebted for many evidences of the success of the democracy so established. consideration as generous as it has peen kind, and invited par- The bravery of the Colonials was to be expected. Such ventur­ ticipatton in such an event is a patriotic duty I can not decline ing across terrible seas in uncertain craft, to live in lands so to perform within my powers. distant and little known, was no enterprise to call weaklings. We are upon precious, hallowed ground, the very place where Their persistence in the face of appalling misfortunes, their will· America's heroic colonial period reached its consummation in the ingness to die rather than bemean themselves, was to be expected assurance that the "home of the brave" should be, indeed, the for no class of men ever cherished more deeply the rights of men "land of the free." Here the dreary, discouraging, tragic days or yielded more completely devotion to God and His will. of revolution found their· compensation in -victory. Here-the tat- Their bravery and their spirit of sacrifice, which have long chal· tered, poorly paid, poorly equipped, strangely outfitted Conti- Ienged the admiration of the world, were essential characteristics nentals and colonial militia ceased to be rebels" and became of such men and women. These people for generations lived sim­ p atrlots whose devotion and zeal became a world tradition. Here ple, heroic lives and kept their . minds .upon the great verities o! the military .and civic leaders of America's young and weak life now and hereafter. They po~dered of those things deeply and Colonies ·proved their worth, and the· generous aid of older ·and followed their thoughts through to conclusions with definiteness! 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 255 so that it was no doubt likewise to be expected, nevertheless we are likely to think that what 1s always will be, that it ls not must always marvel at the wealth of capacity in intellectual and so very good at that, that all that should be expected of us political leadership with which those scattered people in the is to take the situation as it is, look out for ourselves to get as Colonies were blessed. much as we can, and complain that we have to shell the corn Virginia produced in that period many leaders who richly de­ so bountifully provided for us. serve their undying fame-Washington, Jefferson, Mason, Wythe, In his noted lecture The Lost Arts, which Wendell Ph11lips de­ Henry, and a glorious galaxy innumerable. Every colony was livered some 2,000 times a half century ago, he began by saying: prolific in wise and sound leadership. No nation ever entered "The most objectionable feature of our national character­ upon self-government through democracy after a more rigid and and that is self-conceit, an undue appreciation of ourselves, an effective preparatory training, or under more sagacious leadership exaggerated estimate of our achievements, of our inventions, of than did these United States. our contributions to popular comfort, and of our place in fact Some measure of the truth of what I have said as to wealth of in the great procession of the ages. We seem to imagine that ability in this limited population may be had when I remind whether knowledge will die with us or not it certainly began you of the array of brilliant minds that came to George Wythe with us. We have a pitying estimate, a tender pity, for the at Williamsburg for the study of law. That list is long and· narrowness, ignorance, and darkness of the bygone ages. We notable-! only mention three--Jefferson, who wrote the Declara­ seem to ourselves not only to monopolize but to have begun the tion of Independence; Marshall, who expounded the Constitution era of light. In other words. we are all running over with a and gave it living force; and Monroe, author of the Monroe Fourth of July spirit of self-content.'' doctrine. Then he proceeded to tell of evidence remaining of arts At Jamestown the trial by jury was in use from September 17, possessed by bygone civilizations which we have not been able 1607, four months from the landing. The first legislative assembly to duplicate. came only 12 years from the settlement, while the first written Last year as I walked about the few clustered bricks which constitution came in 1624. The denial of right to tax without constitute all that remains of ancient Philippi in Macedonia, representation was urged that same year, and in 1630 came the and realized the disappearance of the city of which Philip the first revolt against authority across the seas. The American system Great was so proud was but emblematical of the disappearance of free public schools began early at Elizabeth City in 1635, only 28 of the power which was his and the glory which was Macedonia years after the beginning of the colony. of old, I said to myself that power is not necessarily perpetual. The history of the Colonies is in each the history ot strivings Great powers that were, great civilizations that have been, are for government of a people by themselves, for a democracy among to-day but banks of sand in which we may dig, and finding mute an educated citizenship, for a State rendering service to its people remnants, may speculate upon the things that were. and paying reverence to God. Such is the rock upon which Believing that our democratic form of government, built upon America is bullded. If this great structure of democracy ever this rock, the training, experience, and capacity of colonial days falls, it will not be the result of weakness in the foundation. It is responsible for the great advances made by this Nation, and can only come from imperfection entering the superstructure as having abundant evidence that the machinery of democracy is later generations build it higher. not automatic, but requires careful attention and expert handling, A century and a half ago the world looking on said our experi­ I believe there is in America no more imperative need than that ment in democracy could not succeed; that the mass of people our people have a greater appreciation of their opportunities and could not be trusted to govern themselves; that, as in the declin­ privileges in this land, a greater realization of their responsibility ing days of Rome, they would seek only largess from the Treasury, for the perpetuation of our institutions and a greater willingness to receive from the State without willingness to serve the State; to sacrifice for the common good in the hum-drum days of peace that mobocracy would come and then ruin. But after a century as in stirring days of war. and a half of democracy in a Nation trained for it by those years We look, as I have suggested, at struggling or perishing de­ of the colonial period, the world looking on is so impressed by the mocracies in South America, in Asia, in Europe, with a tender success of our great experiment that everywhere it has sought to pity for their lack of capacity in self-government. May we not imitate. well turn our observing eyes upon many of our so-called great Democracies set up everywhere, on every continent, but too cities, where too often officials are proven venal, government often their house has not been built upon the rock but upon largely futile, courts controlled, justice a farce, retribution an the sand and it has fallen, "and great was the fall of it." Revo­ accident, crime and graft triumphant? lution in the greater part of South America, revolts of people "The law can not be enforced" is a daily cry; not one law but against their own government; great China in interminable revo­ many laws, almost, we might say, any law. Even the fundamental lution against revolution; great Russia seeking democracy and law of the Nation, written into the Constitution as ordained by finding only bolshevism; Italy, Spain, Jugo-Slavia, dreaming of the fathers, we are told by men high In Industry, official station, in democracy and allowing all the people's rights in government the professions, not only can not be enforced, but ought not to be to be torn from them and withheld; scientific, educated Ger­ enforced. many yearning again for absolutism; many a nation ruled by The great need of this great Nation to-day is to realize that government, democracy in name but not in fact. democracy is not automatic, that to-day we are bullding to­ And as we look upon them, upon the frequent failure of de­ morrow, as to-day was influenced by yesterday. We must realize mocracy to function, we come to realize that democracy as a that in a democracy law must be supreme; that when a people governmental machine is not automatic; that it is a highly com­ make their own laws if they will not obey those laws there will plicated machine and can only be operated successfully by those come a time when they willingly submit to a power that can who know how. enforce obedience. We are justified tn feeUng pride in the progress of this Nation Long ago William Penn wrote ln his Frame of Government: under democracy. To-day the United States of America is in­ " Any government is free to the people under it, whatever be the dustrially and financially, as a military power or in its con­ form, when the laws rule and the people are a party to these laws, tributions to the general progtess of civilization, the peer of and more than this is tyranny, oligarchy, and confusion." any nation in the world, a very leader in the world's advance­ While Vice President, Calvin Coolidge said: ment. It has the highest standard of living of any nation in "Law reigns. It is the source of order, of freedom, of righteous the world and the benefits of that high standard are more widely authodty, of organized society, and also of industrial success and diffused among its people than in any other land. prosperity. To disregard tt is to perish; to observe .it is to live, The Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, of the Depart­ physically, mentally, morally, and spiritually." ment of Commerce, states that while we have only 6.3 per cent Enjoying all that we do, our children having before them oppor­ of the population of the world we consume -15 per cent of the tunities greater than open before any other children in the world, wheat, 23 per cent of the sugar, 51 per cent of the coffee, 26 per all of which comes to us in due time because of the toil and the cent of the cotton, 19 per cent of the wool, 72 per cent of the sacrifice, the heroism, and the suffering of former generations, commercial silk, 66 per cent of the rubber, from 35 to 46 per cent what right have we to ignore the future? How can we be un­ of the pig iron, copper, lead, zinc, tin and coal, and 64 per cent willing to deny ourselves, to sacrifice, to strive, in order that we of the petroleum; that we have 78 per cent of the registered auto­ may hand on to the future America's wonderful institutions, mobiles and 60 per cent of the telephones. I fear we have 90 safeguarded and preserved, with the opportunities which came to per cent of the radios and all of the jazz music. With only one­ us from the past enlarged and their enjoyment more widely dif­ sixteenth of the world's population, the United States consumes fused? The man who is only willing to set out a tree in order between one-third and one-half of the world's commodities and that he may himself ln due time enjoy its shade is of little use services. in a democracy. Rather is the need for the spirit of him who; The rapid acceleration of our progress is realized when the De­ appreciating the shade of trees which sheltered him as a boy and partment -of Commerce further states that from 1920 to 1028 and in his young manhood, ls desirous of doing something for those 1929, the latest figures available, while our population increased who are to come after him, just as he received much from those 16 per cent, our industrial production increased 55 per cent, the who came before him. ~umber of pupils in high schools per 1,000 of population increased This is the need. There ls no way in which more can be done 55 per cent, the savings and time deposits in banks increased 84 to meet this need than to direct the t~ught of the day toward per cent, the per capita savings increased 61 per cent, the use of the rugged and simple faith and patriotism of colonial days. It electrical household equipment, including washing machines, in­ is because of this that the Nation, through its Congress, has creased 275 per cent, and the life insurance per capita increased ordered that here there be set aside these great historic places-­ 114 per cent. Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown-as a national colonial In such stupendous success, ln such breath-taking progress, monument perpetually to inspire Americans of all generations there ls, of course, satisfaction, but there 1s likewise great danger. with patriotism, devotion, and willingness to sacrifice for the Enjoying greater privileges, more general comfort, vastly wider common weal. opportunities than any other people, as a people, have ever known, The fortuitous circumstance of history which has placed geo­ W'J are likely to take undue credit to ourselves, to give no thought graphically so close together the sites where began and closed the to the future, as we have no appreciation for the past. We ~olonial period, and Williamsburg, the early capital, with the great- . ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE DECEMBER 5. ·est colonial restoration -anywhere possible., makes ·it P~ossible !or pose of raising my voice to compel the Government to cease America to set aside for this purpose an area which fittingly rep­ resents that period and possesses so much of basic historic inter­ its policy of poisoning its citizens. We have in our midst est as to be certain to perpetually interest and inspire all Amer­ to-day many new Members of the House who were not icans. That action, authorized by the Congress, we must hope will present· when the Igst battle to prevent the Government of .soon eventuate in a proclamation of the boundaries of the monu­ the United States poisoning its citizens took place. I would, ment. AB the laying of the cornerstone of yonder monument gave permanent importance to the centenary celebration, the dedication therefore, like to recapitulate the fundamental reasons tha.t of the Colonial National Monument, including Jamestown, Wil­ prompted our Government to poison alcohQl for industrial liamsburg, and Yorktown, should likewise feature the sesqui­ purposes, centenary celebration. AB the progress of America through storm and quiet, through There are three kinds of alcohol. The first is called the constantly changing problems brought to the fore year by medicinal alcoh<>l. From time immemorial herbs, drugs, and year, fills us with pride, !rom Jamestown to Yorktown, from the chemicals have been used as agencies to restore health and founding of the Constitution to this very hour, so let us pray it alleviate pain. The only solution that these ingredients are may ever be, and that each generation may be worthy of its herit­ age and pass it on expanded and glorified to generations to come. soluble in is alcohol. When any individual, wet or dry, takes medicine, that person is drinking alcohol. LEAVE OF ABSENCE In every hospital in the United States, in every city and By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted to State institution, in every hospital under the jurisdiction of Mr. McLEoD (at the request of Mr. CLANCY), indefinitely, on the United States Army and NavY, we are to-day using account of illness resulting from automobile accident. medicinal alcohol when we give medicines to human beings TREASURY AND POST OFFICE DEPARTMENTS APPROPRIATION BILL to allay their anguish and suffering and to assuage their Mr. WOOD. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House resolve pain. So much for medicinal alcohol. itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state The second kind of alcohol is beverage alcohol. Beverage of the Union for the further consideration of the bill to the contrary notwithstanding. that time, and we think yet, that there ought to be some Mr. DEMPSEY. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the provision regarding the use of noiseless typewriters because last word. of this excessive cost and placing them only in offices where Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, I make a point of order they might be absolutely necessary. In order that that against the proviso. could.be carried out, we made it mandatory that before one Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I reserve a point of 1 of these noiseless typewriters could be introduced to sup- order. plant one of the old type, some one in authority, familiar Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman. I make the point of order with the necessity, should give his assent to its being done. against the $10,000 proviso on page 12, lines 9 to 14, in­ In the opinion of our committee, the adoption of this elusive, that it is legislation on an appropriation bill, .un­ amendment to strike out this provision in the bill would authorized by law. It seeks to change existing law. make it open to everybody in the various bureaus to obtain The CHAIRMAN. The Chair has read the provision. these noiseless typewriters, whether they needed them or Does the gentleman from Indiana desire to be heard? not. There may be some places where there might be neces- Mr. WOOD. I hope the gentleman will reserve his point sity for them. We hope the gentleman's amendment will of order. not prevail. Mr. BLANTON. It is certainly legislation on an appro- The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the priation bill. amendment. Mr.·wooD. I will admit that is true, but I wish to ex- The question was taken, and the amendment was rejected. plain to the gentleman the necessity for carrying· this item. The CHAffiMAN. The Clerk will read. Mr. ~LANT?N· If the gentleman wishes to make an ex- , The Clerk read as follows: planatwn, I will reserve the point of order. Mr. WOOD. We have carried this item in every appro­ Distinctive paper for United States securities: For distinctive paper for United States currency, national-bank currency, and priation for years---- Federal reserve bank currency, not exceeding 2,000,000 pounds, Mr. BLANTON. But it is a new departure and a new including transportation of paper, traveling, mill, and other neces­ policy of the Government making advances. sary expenses, and salaries of employees, and allowance, in lieu of expenses, of officer or officers detailed from the Treasury De­ Mr. WOOD. No; it is not. partment, not exceeding $50 per month each when actually on Mr. BLA,NWN. And while it is only $10,000, yet it might duty; tn all, $920,000. be $10,000,000. . Mr. STAFFORD. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the Mr. WOOD. But it has never been abused, and it is of last word. great advantage to the Government in preventing smug­ gling. That is the purpose of it, and it pays for itself many The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Wisconsin moves times every year. This item has been carried before. It is to strike out the last word. true it is legislation. ·Mr. STAFFORD. I wish to inquire concerning the $10,000 ~· BLANTON. I do _not believe in making these ad­ recommended in the preceding item for tbe expense of vances. I know of no precedent for such policy. radio advertisements for the dissemination of information Mr. WOOD. As I say, I agree with the gentleman that as in connection with public bond issues and refunding opera­ a general policy I am opposed to it, but this is exceptional tions. How has that appropriation been utilized? for the reason that we have to make these advances or else Mr. WOOD. In reply to the gentleman's mquiry, I will they can not have the effective work done that is done. As say that no portion of it was used this year, and only once I say, in this item of smuggling it pays for itself many times has the appropriation of this money been used, and then every year. it was necessary. Mr. LAGUARDIA. I am inclined to agree with the gentle­ Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr . .Chairman, will the gentleman man 'from Indiana, and I shall withdraw my reservation of yield? the point of order. Mr. WOOD. Yes. Mr. BLANTON. Because it j.s establishing a new pojjcy, Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman. are we to understand Mr. Chairman, and that there will be no end to it, I insist that in a matter of such public interest as a large bond issue on the point of order. for the information of the country the radio company The CHAmMAN. The gentleman from Texas makes a should be compensated for circulating such a message? point of order against the ~tter part of the proviso, begin- 260 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 5 ning with line 9 on page 12. The proviso, by its language, The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Ne\7 so clearly changes existing law that there is nothing other York has expired. for the Chair to do than sustain the point of order, and the Mr. CLANCY. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. Chair does sustain the point of order. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Michigan offers Mr. DEMPSEY. Mr. Chairman and members of the com­ an amendment, which the Clerk will report. mittee, I was unable to get here this morning in time for The Clerk read as follows: the reading of page 7 of the bill. While, for reasons which Amendment offered by Mr. CLAN CY: Page 11, line 25, after tho I will later explain, I am not going to make any motion in word "newspapers," strike out $23,933,600 and insert $23,833,630. regard to what I am going to discuss, I do want to briefly discuss a provision upon that page. Mr. CLANCY. Mr. Chairman, the purpose of this amend­ · The provision is at the last part of the paragraph which ment is to cut-by quite a considerable sum the appropria­ constitutes the greater part of page 7, and it reads as follows: tions for the Customs Bureau, particularly with regard to border-patrol enforcement. Provided, That standard typewriting machines distinctively quiet in operation purchased during such fiscal year by any such · The newspapers throughout the country, and particularly department, establishment, or municipal government shall only be on the border, are carrying the astonishing news that the purchased on the written order of the head thereof. greatest scandal in the history of the Customs Bureau has . This refers to noiseless typewriters and makes it neces­ broken. Two years ago 23 customs border agents were in­ sary for any department, when it wishes to purchase a dicted and many of them were sent to prison, but now it is single typewriter, to do it only upon the order of the head reported about half of the force of· 150, according to the of the department. For instance, the Secretary of State, the newspaper item which I hold in my hand, will probably Secretary of War, the Secretary of the NavY must make be arrested in the near future. Of the 150 men on that an order for the purchase of a single machine, the intention force 60 have been fired since January 1 for dereliction of being to hold down the purchase of noiseless ·typewriters duty, aside from presumably 75 who will be arrested for cus­ because the machines cost $17.50 more than the ordinary toms graft. machine. Admiral Billard before the Appropriations Committee This provision was inserted by the Senate in the bill of said that Canada had put an embargo on the exportation of last year. I shall not, therefore, move to strike out the liquor to the United States. The Michigan collector of cus­ provision, because ultimately the decision of the question toms, in connection with this scandal, said the embargo is will rest with the Senate, as it is its provision, and if any­ efficient. Admiral Billard, chief of the Coast Guard, testi­ thing is to be done it will be done in conference. fied it is efficient. We all know that is true. We know that This provision compels the head of a great department the Canadian prohibition agent is honest, and we know that to attend to a petty detail which should not be within his the American prohibition agents are about 90 per cent dis­ province or duties at all. honest, as was stated by the head of the Customs Bureau in Mr. LAGUARDIA. Will the gentleman yield? a conference with the CaJJ.adian officials at Ottawa a few Mr. DEMPSEY. I yield. years ago. Mr. LAGUARDIA. Has it occurred to the gentleman that I asked a high official of the Customs Bureau what they the real purpose is to get two or three more years' use out were going to do with the large customs patrol force on the of the old-type typewriters that we now have? Eventually, Canadian border since the Canadian embargo is working of course, all offices will be provided with noiseless type­ satisfactorily. He said they were going to cut it down, and writers. It is simply to avoid a rush to junk all typewriters naturally it should be cut down, but now they have increased that are still serviceable, as I understand it. that force. Mr. DEMPSEY. In answer to the gentleman's sugges­ Ogden Mills, the Undersecretary of the Treasury, and Mr. tion I may say that we purchase about 10,000 typewriters a Lowman, before the Appropriations Committee last year year, and the quantity of noiseless typewriters purchased said that somewhere between 2 and 4 per cent of all the is about 10 per cent. It is not making progress rapidly. It liquor consumed in the United States came over all four is not an excuse for discarding good typewriters, as the gen­ borders-the Canadian border, the Mexican border, and the tleman can see from the small percentage purchased. Atlantic and Pacific borders. That was before the Cana­ In addition to the fact that the head of a department dian embargo. It is quite conceivable that less than one­ should not be burdened with such small, petty details as half of 1 per cent of the liquor consumed in the United this, there is this to be said about the noiseless typewriter: States now comes over the Canadian border. So the pro­ It works very easily; it works more rapidly than the ordi­ hibition agents are not kept up there, at tremendous ex­ nary machine. Every operator will tell you that. It will pense to the United States Government, necessarily to stop pay for itself, for the small difference of $17.50, many, many the importation of liquor into the United States but the times over in the life of the machine. So in the end it is actual condition has been to facilitate the importation of really an advantage and a great economy. liquor into the United States, because all of these lads who Mr. STAFFORD. Will the gentleman yield? have been arrested for graft have been facilitating the im­ Mr. DEMPSEY. I yield. portation of liquor into the United States. They are high­ Mr. STAFFORD. Will the gentleman acquaint the House jackers; they are bootleggers; and they are breeders of with the fact as to how many typewriting-machine com­ crime. panies manufacture this special noiseless typewriter? Let me give you just {)ne illustration. Two hundred and Mr. DEMPSEY. I really do not know. I think there are fifty cases of liquor were sent recently from Canada to the two or three, but I do not know. United States and apprehended at Grosse Pointe, just above Mr. STAFFORD. Of course, there are many makes of Detroit, by the border patrol. What did they do? They typewriting machines in use in the departments. sent out for the other 4 patrol squads, making 10 in all, Mr. DEMPSEY. Yes. prohibition agents, and they all sat down to driiik the liquor. Mr. STAFFORD. If there are only one or two companies There were four prohibition agents hiding these cases under making the noiseless machines and there is a great de­ a dock, like a squirrel hides nuts. It happened the United mand for them, it would mean the elimination of the other States Government knew that that cargo was being sent style of typewriting machines. . across. So they sent out two Treasury agents and they Mr. DEMPSEY. I do not think it would have that ef­ found these 10 men drinking the liquor. They had stolen fect,. except that the noiseless machine, through its greater 25G cases of beer. What did the enforcement officers do? efficiency, through its greater speed and its greater ease They fired four of the agents. Then the newspapers got of operation, will of necessity in the end supersede the other hold of it and said, "What about the 10?" The head en­ machines. It is in those respects that the noiseless ma­ forcement agent said, "My men did not steal that liquor; chine excels the other machines; and those being the re­ they diverted it to their own use," and there the matter spects which test a machine, the noiseless machine will in stands. If a private citizen stole 250 cases of beer he would the end probably supersede the other machines. get a long prison sentence. 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 261 The customs chief testified before the Appropriations Com- ment appropriations, and a year ago in this House I made mittee that the awards made to informers this year are run- this statement: ning at the rate of $400,000 and he asked $50,000 additional ·The more prohibition agents they sent to Detroit the worse over last year's appropriation. These gentlemen on the Ap- l conditions grew. To Detroiters many prohibition agents have been propriations Committee have been quite generous with regard I teachers .of all so~ts of crimes; amonl? these are hig~jacking, needs in reference to prohibition enforcement. Admi- ra~keteermg, graftmg, bribery, corrupt10n .. slaying of mno~ent t 0 the. . . citiZens by gunman methods, drunken driving of automobiles. ral Billard mslSted that there should be two Coast Guard illegal seizure of motor boats and other water craft, invasion of stations established at two of the most dangerous points in 1 the neutrality of Canada by wilfully sending armed patrols into the United States, one between Portland, Oreg., and San I Canadia? waters, for which omcial apologies were made to Canada, Francisco, and the other at Grand Island, Mich. He asked I and varlOus other offenses. this in the name of humanity and commerce, but the com- Mr. WOOD. Then, I wish to apologize to the gentleman. mittee denied it to him. However, the committee granted We are now to understand he is entirely a free trader upon , these additional funds for prohibition agents who are a I this proposition? menace to this country and who are now, as I say, on the Mr. CLANCY. On the proposition of prohibition. Michigan porder involved in scandal. Mr. LAGUARDIA. And in favor of full reciprocity. This appropriation can very well be cut down by the Mr. STAFFORD. Will the gentleman yield? amount I have suggested, because the Customs Bureau Mr. WOOD. Yes. promised, in view of the Canadian embargo, to cut down the Mr. STAFFORD. I think the House would be interested number of men on that border~ in an explanation of the item in line 6, pag·e 12, where you The CHAmMAN. The time of the gentleman from Mich- virtually double the appropriation carried in the existing igan has expired. appropriation act of $243,370, which has been increased to Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, I wish to say, in opposition $476,870, which amount may be available for personal serv­ to the proposed amendment, that the gentleman's argument ices in the District of Columbia. What is the occasion for would seem to favor an increase rather than a decrease in this inordinate increase for this attempted enforcement of this amount. The very fact they are reducing the number a prohibition law which, in my opinion, is not enforceable? of guards on the Canadian side is all the more reason we Mr. WOOD. The increase is for the department here in should have more guards on this side. I know of no par- Washington. ticular activity along the smuggling line with respect to Mr. STAFFORD. Yes; you have almost doubled the ap­ goods gping from the United States into Canada, but we propriation, increasing it from $243,000 to $476,000, and I all know there is very great activity on that side in smug- am asking, in all candor, for an explanation of the inordi­ gling goods into the United States, not only liquor but all nate increase of over $200,000 for further attempted en­ kinds of contraband. It is for this reason that these in- forcement of an unenforceable law. creases have been granted. Mr. WOOD. It is not for that purpose. This increase is , You all know that where these agents of the United States larger than it seems, for there was over $400,000 for this Government used to be customs officers or prohibition offi- purpose due to funds in a deficiency bill. The gentleman cers, or this, that, or the other kind of officer, they have would be amazed if he would read in the hearings we had now all been consolidated so that each one of them is last year as to the amount of goods that have been smug- , charged with all the responsibility that was formerly divided gled into this country, and the gentleman would also be into three or four parts. So if there are any thieves up surprised at the reduction in the amount of such smuggling · there or men who violate their oath of office or violate the caused by this increase. trust which has been placed in them, it is the duty of the Mr. STAFFORD. Can the gentleman distinguish as to the proper officer of the United states, when he finds that out character of the smuggled goods? to send them to the penitentiary. We may eventually get Mr. WOOD. I may say further that this additional ap- some good men there. propriation is largely on account of the new tariff act and The remarks of the gentleman are also contradictory of the reorganization of the service. The provisions of the the statement of the gentleman from Michigan made upon · tariff act very largely necessitate this increase. this floor many times that he wants to give every possible Mr. O'CONNELL. Will the gentleman yield for a chance to see whether the prohibition law ·can be enforced question? or not. Now he wishes to weaken it for the very purpose Mr. WOOD. Yes. of making it easier to break down in order that there may Mr. O'CONNELL. What assurance have we it will not be be more possibility of complaints against the continuance double this amount next year? It is getting higher all the of the law. time. Mr. LAGUARDIA. W'ill the gentleman yield? Mr. WOOD. Well, i suspect it is; and, of course, the Mr. WOOD. I yield. necessities of the Government are getting greater all the Mr. LAGUARDIA. I understand the Commissioner of time. Importations and smuggling are both increasing aU Customs requested the Committee on Appropriations to allow the time. increased pay for his guards. It is very difficult to get the Mr. O'CONNELL. I have a recommendation that would right kind of men, such men as the gentleman himself has save all that money if it were adopted. described, at the meager salaries we are now paying. Were Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment these additional appropriations allowed the Customs Bureau striking out $600 from the figure carried in the amendment and are they included in these figures? of the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. CLANCY], a pro forma . Mr. WOOD. We did not allow any increases in salaries amendment. in the bill at all, neither for these gentlemen nor anyone Mr. Chairman, I want to call to the attention of my col­ else. We felt we should not make fowl out of one and fish leagues the fact that the Customs Service should not be out of the other. confused to any great extent with prohibition eruorcement, Mr. LAGUARDIA. I .understand that; but, as the gentle- because the greater part of the customs duties, as my man has pointed out, this is a position of responsibility and friends frpm the ports well know, has little or nothing great temptations, and unless the committee sees fit to pay to do with prohibition enforcement. these men decent, living wages, we are going to have the What the Customs Bureau is now up against is inadequate conditions just as described by the gentleman from Michi- salaries paid to inspectors and customs guards. gan [Mr. CLANCY]. You have just heard a description of most deplorable Mr. CLANCY. - Will the gentleman yield for a correction? conditions existing at the port of Detroit, and if you are Mr. WOOD. Yes. going to have employees who have to do with the smuggling Mr. CLANCY. The gentleman has stated I have been in of merchandise of great value, constantly coming in con- favor of prohibition-enforcement appropriations. That is tact with all sorts of temptations, the least you can do is not true. I have always voted against prohibition-en!OI'ce- to provide adequate living pay for such men. 262 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 5 The Commissioner of Customs came before the Appropria­ and these border-patrol boats run without lights at night. tions Committee and asked for necessary increases. He is The situation was bad enough when Canada put on the em­ a part of this administration, and when he asked for these bargo and stopped the exportation of liquor. Now, the· fieet increases he certainly must have had the approval of the has been increased. They pass big and small boats within head of the Treasury Department. a few feet without lights and are dangerous. Many com­ I can not reconcile the attitude of the distinguished plaints have come from passenger and freight steamers on chairman of this committee standing up here and speaking that account. They have to swerve out of their course to for the integrity of the men and telling you that they are dodge these prohibition boats. The channels are narrow, seeking to weed out the incompetent and dishonest employ­ and these prohibition boats are a menace to navigation. ees and yet resisting giving the men charged with those You can increase the funds and you can send the marines important duties a living wage. up there; you can send the marines up there, as one of the Now at this very time, when the United States is facing a officials of the Anti-Saloon League wants to do, or send the crisis in the matter of employment, when we are officially Army and the Navy, but it will just increase the hatred of stating that patriotism demands employers in industry to the American people at large for the group that is putting keep up the standard of wages, it comes with a poor grace over these terroristic, persecutional features. indeed that the first request made on the first appropriation Of course it means a quicker death of this entire move­ bill for a living wage for our employees charged with re­ ment. We will see what the results are in 1932. You have sponsible duties is roughly brushed aside and ignored. had a foretaste of them in 1930. I prophesied before this Mr. O'CONNELL. This service is one that demands the House only a few months before election what was going :finest material, the best type of men. to happen. Now it has happened. In the judicial appro­ Mr. LAGUARDIA. Certainly, and the gentleman knows priation bill you will probably be asked to give them that under the introduction of new means of transportation two and a half million dollars for 500 more prohibition the crime of smuggling has increased, and we ·have to have agents within the borders. The country will stand just efficient and honest men to prevent it. I can not under­ so much of this and no more. In other countries such stand the attitude of the distinguished chairman in at­ tactics breed revolution. There will be no bloody revolution tempting to keep down salaries and prevent promotions in in this country, but there will be a peaceful revolution the service. achieved in the legislatures and in Congress by the ballot. Mr. SIROVICH. It is not a living wage that they want, That is what you are facing, anq that is what some of you but a saving wage .. have faced already to your sorrow in the recent elections. Mr. LAGUARDIA. Yes; living up to the standard that I withdraw the pro forma amendment. we have bragged so much about, especially in the month of The Clerk read as follows: October. BUREAU OF INTERNAL REVENUE Mr. Chairman, I withdraw the pro forma amendment. Collecting the internal revenue: For expenses of assessing and The CHAffiMAN. The question is on the amendment collecting the internal-revenue taxes, including the employment offered by the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. CLANCY]. of a Commissioner of Internal Revenue at $10,000 per annum, a general counsel for the Bureau of Internal Revenue at $10,000 The question was taken, and the amendment was rejected. per annum, an assistant to the commissioner, a special deputy Mr. CLANCY. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the commissioner, three deputy commissioners, one stamp agent (to last two words. The chairman of the Appropriation Com­ be reimbursed by the stamp manufacturers), and the necessary mittee in trying to defend the increase for rpore efficient en­ officers, collectors, deputy collectors, attorneys, experts, agents, accountants, inspectors, clerks, janitors, and messengers in the forcement admitted that the enforcement at Detroit is rot­ District of Columbia., the several collection districts, and the sev­ ten, as it is elsewhere on the Canadian border and the Mexi­ eral divisions of internal-revenue agents, to be appointed as pro­ can border. vided by law, telegraph and telephone service, rental of quarters It outside the District of Columbia., postage, freight, express, neces­ Mr. LAGUARDIA . . is not rotten in New York-they sary expenses incurred in making investigations in connection may be underpaid, but it is not rotten. with the enrollment or disbarment of practitioners before the Mr. CLANCY. The papers are carrying stories about liq­ Treasury Department in internal-revenue matters, expenses of uor getting into Hoboken and New York City, but I am not ·seizure and sale, and other necessary miscellaneous expenses, in­ cluding stenographic reporting services, and the purchase-of such referring to the dock customs force. I am referring to the supplies, equipment, furniture, mechanical devices, law books border patrol and ocean coast guard. and books of reference, and such other articles as may be neces­ Mr. LAGUARDIA. If all the angels in heaven were trying sary for use in the District of Columbia, the several collection it; districts, and the several divisions of internal-revenue agents, to stop the smuggling of liquor, they could not do as long $33,962,560, of which amount not to exceed $8,922,300 may be ex­ as the American people want to drink it, they will get it. pended for personal services in the District of Columbia.: Provided, Mr. CLANCY. I want to point out that there is an appro­ That no part of this amount shall be used in defraying the ex­ priation for the seizure of automobiles particularly and their penses of any officer designated above, subprenaed by the United States court to attend any trial before a. United States court or storage in garages. Right there is involved a great injustice preliminary examination before any United States commissioner, because the big automobile agents and companies who are which expenses shall be paid from the appropriation for "Fees of honorable and high-minded sell automobiles on time with witnesses, United States courts": Provided further, That not more than $100,000 of the total amount appropriated herein may a small down payment to any citizen, man or woman, and be expended by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue for detect­ if that person turns out to be a bootlegger the automobile ing and bringing to trial persons guilty of violating the internal can be seized even when only a small payment down has revenue laws or conniving at the same, including payments for been made and the company loses the automobile. That is information and detection of such violation. a great injustice. Auto agents and companies lose hundreds Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out of thousands of dollars that way. the last word for the purpose of asking why there is a limi­ The Ford Motor Co. has a clause in their sales contracts tation upon the amount that the Commissioner of Internal that automobiles purchased shall not be used for the carriage Revenue may spend for detecting and bringing to trial of liquor. persons guilty of violating the internal revenue law. Just - Now the person purchasing the automobile may not be a a few moments ago the distinguished-chairman of the com­ bootlegger at the time, but the family may need money and mittee pointed out the duty of the Government to spend he may afterwards decide to go into bootlegging. Or a man any amount for the proper detection of persons violating may be carrying a bottle home that was given to him, and the law to the extent of a misdemeanor, but here we come his automobile is sei.zed. That is a great injustice. That to the most important function of the Government, which is one of the first prohibition injustices that is going to be is the collection of taxes, we find a limitation of $100,000 corrected when this prohibition craze subsides. placed upon the commissioner in the amount that he may Now, you may look with equanimity on the creation of ad­ expend for detecting and bringing to trial persons dodging ditional prohibition agents if you will, but the people who the payment of their in~me tax. live on the border fear this great menace. The rivers and Mr. WOOD. That is the amount that has been carried lakes are used for recreation by hundreds of thousands, for this purpose for a number of years. They have never 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 263 as yet used anything beyond this amount, so what is the and what a vast number of our citizens oppose, is this system use of appropriating more than they will use? of spying into their private personal affairs under the guise Mr. LAGUARDIA. Perhaps if they did use it, as the gen­ and through the medium of their income-tax returns. tleman suggested about smuggling a few moments ago, we Instances have been reported in the press where men not might find ourselves with more money in the Treasury. yet even charged with crime had had the particulars of their Why not get after the tax dodgers? income returns broadcast to the world through the offices Mr. WOOD. I do not have the administration of it. of United States district attorneys. Those district attorneys Whenever the administration uses more than this amount have told the newspapers of the amount of income returned or has need for more, it will get it. · by such men. That outrageous violation of the income tax Mr. LAGUARDIA. Let the record show that it is not the law could not happen without a like deliberate violation of intention of the House to limit the commissioner in the the law in the Treasury Department. investigation of tax dodgers, and that if he intends to go I hope, ladies and gentlemen, when a new income tax law after tax dodgers and spend this $100,000 he will get more or amendments to the revenue act shall come before this money to continue his work if he needs it. House some safeguards will be incorporated to prevent this Mr. WOOD. Absolutely. abuse. The present intolerable situation is sw·ely just as Mr. LAGUARDIA. Let it be so understood and so re­ objectionable to one party as it is to another. Unless it is corded. remedied our whole income-tax system may be destroyed. Mr. O'CONNOR of New York. Mr. Chairman, I move to [Applause.] strike out the last two words of this provision for the In­ Mr. LAGUARDIA . . Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out ternal Revenue Department in order to call attention to a the last word. situation which I believe is gradually constituting a menace The CHAIRMAN. The· gentleman from New York moves in the Nation. It is the use of the income tax law and to strike out the last word. investigations under the income tax law to pry into the Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I can-not readily un­ private affairs of our citizens and to build up in this Nation derstand why my colleague from New York [Mr. O'CoNNOR] something in the nature of a spy system and possibly de­ becomes so excited because of the fact that a couple of graft­ velop Cresarism in this country. We adopted the sixteenth ers or racketeers in New York City have had their bank ac­ amendment to the Constitution after a struggle against counts examined. A public tax is a matter of public rec­ wealthy individuals and the big financial interests of the ord. If a man owns real estate, the value of that real country. In speaking in opposition to the adoption of estate becomes a matter of public record; and for a time that amendment many of the best minds in the Congress the Federal income tax was a matter of public record. of the United States called attention to a situation that There was a time when the income-tax returns were might arise; that the income tax law might enable spying public under our law. I personally believe they should be and prying into people's personal affairs. Those speakers continued to be public records. The main source of mcome had an instance in the history of our country when, in the of our Government is the income tax, and the Government heat of a great political campaign for the Presidency of the is naturally interested in knowing that every person subject United States, the Democratic candidate, Samuel J. Tilden, to the tax ·pays his proper tax. No tax dodger should be was wrongfully indicted for violation of the income tax permitted to escape. Why should undue sympathy be given law. Men on the ·floor of this House at that time pointed to the tax dodger? A man with a legitimate business can out to this body that unless the law were restricted in some have his income checked up without any prying into his way to be used solely for its purpose of determining whether personal affairs. But when you come flo grafters and crooks, or not a man was rendering a true account of his income corrupted public officials, and crooked politicians the situa­ in his return to the Government we would defeat the very tion is indeed different. Where judgeships are sold and purpose of the act. . crooked municipal officials take graft from filcers -and a I believe in this country to-day there are sinister interests system of corruption exists while local officials refuse to act, willing and anxious to destroy the income tax, which is the then I congratulate the Federal authorities who have the fairest, the soundest, and the most equitable system of taxa­ courage to go after these crooks. Perhaps that is what tion we have ever devised. the gentleman from New York [Mr. O'CoNNOR] had refer- Let us see what has happened. Under the guise of investi­ ence to. [Applause.] · gating income-tax returns, men are summoned by United The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will read. States district attorneys and are questioned in connection The Clerk read as follows: with their returns. Their bank accounts and their broker­ Refunding taxes illegally or erroneously collected: For refund­ age accounts are subprenaed not before a grand jury but to ing taxes illegally or erroneously collected, as provided by law, the district attorney's office, where an underling delves into including the payment of claims for the fiscal year 1932 and prior years, $26,000,000: Provided, That a report shall be made to Con­ all of the private affairs of the citizen. If, for instance, gress by internal-revenue districts and alphabetically arranged of there is a deposit of $5,000, or $20,000, or even $1 ,000,000, in all disbursements hereunder in excess of $500, as reqUired by the bank, which the man has unquestionably returned as section 3 of the act of May 29, 1928 (U. S. C., Supp. m. title 26, sec. 1119). including the names of all persons and corporations income, that man is compelled under pressure to tell where to whom such payments are made, together with the amount he got the money. If his accounts show he has expended paid to each. considerable items, he must disclose to whom the money was paid. It never was intended that the Government had Mr. SABA TH. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the any concern with where a man got his money if he filed a last word. proper return. It never was meant to be any concern of the The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from illinois moves to Government where he spent his money if he filed a proper strike out the last word. return. Mr. SABATH. Mr. Chairman, I notice in several news­ Furthermore, under the guise of investigating income-tax papers the names of various corporations to which large returns, district attorneys have followed up, at great ex­ refunds of taxes have been made. I started at that time to pense to the Federal Government, crimes of which they or compile the amounts refunded, and found it amounts to the United States courts had no jurisdiction. The income­ more than a thousand million dollars. Amongst those to tax returns have been used as a medium, not in one district whom refunds are made were some corporations that are but in many districts, and often for partisan political pur­ not generally known, as the gentleman from New York [Mr. poses, to disclose crimes against the State laws and with no LAGUARDIA] designates as grafters or racketeers; but it connection with any violation of the income tax law. The seems to me they come mighty close to qualifying under that information thus illegally obtained has been furnished to classification. · the prosecuting attorneys of the various counties. I notice that millions of dollars have been refunded to the I hold no brief for those who violate our laws, and I have Standard Oil Co., other oil companies, and million-dollar no interest in them if they violate a law. If they are guilty, corporations. This bill provides $26,000,000 for additional I hope they are properly punished; but what I do oppose, refunds. Will the chairman of the committee be kind 264 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 5 enough to tell us to whom this $26,000,000 will be refunded, these various corporiotions, and charges that he has been and what evidence has been submitted on which these favored. The most searching scrutiny has been had with refunds are going to be donated or granted or allowed, and reference to every one of those cases, in order that there how much these gentlemen, who will receive these tremen­ might be no possible criticism after the investigation was dous refunds, have contributed to the various political cam­ had and the refund made. paign funds? I know that the country and the membership Mr. SABATH. I asked that because I believe that the of this House will be very much interested in obtaining that Secretary is entitled to an expression from the chairman information. I myself have been unable to obtain the names that many of these statements were not justified. of these persons or corporations for whom we are about to The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Illi­ appropriate these refunds of $26,000,000. nois has expired. Mr. WOOD. It is impossible for me to tell the names Mr. KETCHAM. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to until the department has made the refunds. Before any the pro forma amendment. of these refunds can be made in excess of $100,000 the mat­ At this point I rise for the purpose of asking a question of ter is referred to the Joint Committee on Internal Revenue the chairman of the Committee on Appropriations. Does Taxation for examination. My experience has been, from the gentleman have at hand the figures or any estimate, if the attempts that I haxe made in getting refunds for con­ the figures are not available, as to the comparative amount stituents of mine, that the persons who are asking for re­ of extra internal-revenue collections that have been made funds have the burden of proof placed upon them all the as an offset to the emphasis that has been put upon the time, and have the benefit of a reasonable doubt, as has refunds that have been made? been contended heretofore, and where taxes have been Mr. WOOD. Yes. From 1917 down to this time the taxes paid in erroneously a refund should be allowed. that have been recovered by the Government from addi­ Mr. SABATH. Have they been made known to the com­ tional assessments, taxes that should have been paid, mittee? amount to about five and one-half billion dollars. The Mr. WOOD. There is a report of them submitted an­ amount of refunds that have been made because of errone­ nually and sent to the Committee on Ways and Means. ous taxes that have been collected during all of that time is The Committee on Appropriations acts upon the recom­ about one and one-quarter billion. mendations that are made by the Treasury Department as Mr. KETCHAM. Or a ratio of more than 4 to 1? to the amount of money estimated to be necessary to make Mr. WOOD. Yes; a little more than 4 to 1. these refunds for the next fiscal year. Mr. KETCHAM. A ratio of about 4 to 1 in favor of the Mr. SABATH. They have a lump sum, have-they? extra collections? Mr. WOOD. Yes; they have a lump sum. We all have Mr. WOOD. That is right. confidence in the Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Mr. BYRNS. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last Taxation. two words. Mr. SABATH. Is that list first submitted to . the Com­ When this matter was under consideration by the sub­ mittee on Appropriations before the refund is allowed? committee it was stated that within the last four months­ Mr. WOOD. No. That would be impracticable, because that is, the first four months of the present fiscal year­ this refunding is going on while the Congress is not in about $20,000,000 had been paid out in tax refunds, which, session. as you will see, was an average of about $5,000,000 a month. But there is a provision that they shall pass the scrutiny The Treasury Department therefore felt that with the very of the joint committee to which I have referred. I do not large balance on hand, $38,000,000 would be s.mple to pro­ know what better safeguard could be had. I wish to say vide for 1932, in so far as tax refunds were concerned. that the appropriation in this bill has been reduced $104,- It was my distinct recollection that it was stated to the 000,000 under last year because we felt they could not use subcommittee that all the large cases had been settled; that more than we have allowed. We have passed the peak, and there were no large cases pending before the Treasury De­ the refunds that are to come after will be a great deal partment; that they were all settled and behind us. But I smaller. The larger ones were not paid for a long time read in the newspaper yesterday that additional cases had because of the great care that was necessary to be exercised been sent up to the committee to which the gentleman from in inquiring into whether they should or should not be Indiana [Mr. WoonJ has referred, involving $22,000,000, and paid. Now, one of the great items of expense coming out that one of them, if I mistake not, involved a sum of over of this fund is interest payments which arise under the old $16,000,000. I would consider that a pretty large case. cases. I thought perhaps I might be mistaken, so I have looked The CHAffiMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. over the record, and I find that my memory is correct in that Mr. SABATH. Mr. Chairman, I ask for two additional the statement was made to the subcommittee that all the minutes. large cases had been settled. But this case involving, as I The CHAffiMAN. Is there objection to the request of say, over $16,000,000, and other cases involving something the gentleman from Illinois? like $6,000,000 must be paid out of that balance. There was no objection. The subcommittee acted upon the information that all the Mr. SABATH. I do not, at all times, lay much stress large cases had been settled, and that during the months of upon statements made from time to time in the press, but July, August, September, and October cases had been settled within the last few months many statements have been car­ at the rate of $5,000,000 a month, and reduced the estimate ried in the press to the effect that the Secretary of the of $38,000,000 to $26,000,000. In view of what I have stated, TI·easury has been the beneficiary of these tremendous I wonder if the committee did not strike too deep in cutting allowances or refunds. Now, would he, as Secretary of the estimate that was submitted. the Treasury, have a special influence over the body or over In other words, I have wondered whether the balance on the board that makes the allowance to enable him to secure hand plus the $26,000,000 provided in this bill is going to special benefits and special considerations for the large be sufficient to carry through the year 1932. Of course, I number of powerful corporations with which he is connected realize that if it is not, a deficiency can be had in Decem­ and which it is claimed he controls? ber of the next regular session, but I felt it proper to call Mr. WOOD. I will say "no" to the gentleman from the attention of the House to the facts which I have stated Illinois, and, to the credit of the Secretary of the Treasury, at this time and to say that I doubt very much in view of at no time, either in the testimony before our committee what I saw in the paper yesterday that this sum will be or anywhere else, has the Secretary ever spoken to a single sufficient to meet the demands upon the Treasury. person with reference to any refund in which he might be The Clerk read as follows: interested or asked for a single fayor. There has been BUREAU OF INDUSTRIAL ALCOHOL much criticism because of his interest, not as Secretary Salaries and expenses: For expenses to administer the applicable of the Treasury, but .because of his own stock interest "in provisions of the national prohibition act as .amended and sup- 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 265 plemented (U. S. C., title 27) and internal revenue laws, pur­ Mr. WOOD. Of course, I can not enter into all the suant to the act of March 3, 1927 (U. S. C., Supp. m, title 5, manipulations of the bootlegger and the pretense of honesty sees. 281-281e), and . the act of May 27, 1930 {46 Stat., pp. 427- 430), including the employment of executive officers, attorneys, under which he gets his stuff and then diverts it. That is inspectors, chemists, assistant chemists, supervisors, storekee!Jer­ not a part of my concern, but I am insisting that if this law gaugers, clerks, messengers, and other necessary employees in the is to be enforced it is necessary to have these provisions field and in the Bureau of Industrial Alcohol in the District of Columbia, to be appointed as authorized by law; the securing of remain in this appropriation bill. It is necessary that the eviden-e of violations of the acts; the cost of chemical analyses machinery needed fo_r its enforcement shall be a part of this made by others than employees of the United States and ex­ appropriation bill. penses incident to such chemists testifying when necessary; the Mr. BLANTON. It is not the machinery necessary to purchase of such supplies, equipment, mechanical devices, labora­ tory supplies, books, and such other expenditures as may be enforce it. This is merely $10,000 given to the head of the necessary in the several field offices; cost of acquisition and main­ bureau in order that he may give excuses as to why it is not tenance of automobiles delivered to the Secretary of the Treas­ being enforced. ury for use in administration of the law under his jurisdiction; hire, maintenance, repair, and operation of motor-propelled or Mr. WOOD. Of course, if the gentleman is disposed to horse-drawn passenger-carrying vehicles when nece.ssary; and for take that view of it I am not responsible for that, but its rental of necessary quarters; in all, $4,814,420, of which amount purpose, as the gentleman well knows, is a laudable purpose not to exceed $370,580 may be expended for personal services in and an honest purpose. the District of Columbia: Provided, That not exceeding $10,000 may be expended for the collection and dissemination of in­ Mr. BLANTON. Oh, yes it is; and if the gentleman were formation and appeal for law observance and law enforcement, sure it would be carried out and some good would come from including cost of printing, purchase of newspapers, and other it I would withdraw my point of order, but the gentleman necessary expenses in connection therewith: Provided further, That for purpose of concentration, upon the initiation of the knows we had to take the Bureau of Prohibition Enforce­ commissioner of industrial alcohol and under regulations pre­ ment away from the Treasury Department in order to hav~ scribed by him, distilled spirits may be removed from any in­ any hopes at all that the law would be enforced. ternal-revenue bonded warehouse to any other such warehouse, Mr. WOOD. Let us give the other department a chance and may be bottled in bond in any such warehouse before or after payment of the tax, and the commissioner shall prescribe and see what they will do. the form and penal sum of bond covering distilled spirits in Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I make the point of internal-revenue bonded warehouses and in transit between such order in both instances. warehouses. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Texas made a Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I reserve a point of point of order which he is now discUssing. order. Mr. BLANTON. And I insist on it as to the first $10,000 Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, I make a point of order proviso. against the paragraph beginning in line 22, on page 18, and Mr. LAGUARDIA. Good. I thought the gentleman was ending in line 1, on page 19, for the reason that it is legis­ weakening. lation on an appropriation bill. If I had any confidence in Mr. BLANTON. No; I do not weaken. I may do lots of this matter being carried out, and that this $10,000 woul

Now, while it has been said that chemically pure methanol recently it was poss~ble to secure a good grade of alcohol rub is no more toxic than ethyl alcohol, there is no doubt that for the purpose. Unfortunately this alcohol was easily commercial methanol or methyl alcohol is a deadly. poison. recovered and made into liquor, for lack of a better dena­ It causes atrophy of the optic nerve, ending in blindness, turant. Now, not only are people forbidden to use a strong paralysis, and death. To make things worse, redistilled alcohol for rubbing purposes but they must use specially methanol, impro:Qerly called wood alcohol, Columbian spirits, denatured formula No. 23-A, which contains 10 per cent and so forth, when purified for commercial purposes, has acetone. For rubbing mixtures this alcohol must be diluted an odor and taste similar to ethyl alcohol; its boiling point with water so as to contain only 70 per cent alcohol. Now, is only a few degrees below that of ethyl alcohol, and there acetone is not what can be called a skin food; in fact, it is lies the danger; one can not tell, except by a delicate considered in medical circles as decidedly toxic. Is not ace­ chemical test, whether or not wood alcohol is present in any tone one of the products of acidosis? Is not the presence of liquor. The taste may be good, the odor may be excellent, acetone in the blood and body secretions a sure sign of seri­ and still there may be as much as 25 per cent methyl ous organic trouble? Is not the presence of acetone bodies alcohol in it, which will escape detection through casual in the system apparently responsible for diabetic coma? So examination. why force the good people of the United States to rub their Of one formula, No. 5, there is sold 40,000,000 gallons a bodies with that stuff? Of course, we also know that some year, and of another one 18,000,000 gallons. There are some big interests have a large surplus of by-product acetone that 4,000 who have a legal permit, men who are of questionable they do not seem to be able to sell profitably; but the pur­ repute, with over 3,000,000 gallons. There are 61,000,000 gal­ pose of this discourse is not to cast any aspersions. Acetone lons of industrial alcohol alone that are to-day being used in can be removed by fractionation or distillation from ethyl the distilleries of the bootleggers throughout the country, alcohol. It is a slow process, but it can be done very nicely, sending out poisons that are poisoning the boys and gil"ls so the formula is not so good after all. There are other who would know better if they were older, and it is for that denaturants which are much better for rubbing alcohol and reason that I continue to fight until I can convince the people which can not be removed; that is, not by the average cooker. of the United States through this distinguished gathering Specially denatured alcohol formula No. 40 contains bru­ of people that we can carry out the law and not nullify it, cine sulfate and isopropyl alcohol. It is used, or supposed and still enforce it by putting in drugs that are nonpoisonous to be used, in the manufacture of perfumes and toilet prepa­ and nontoxic in their nature, drugs that can not be removed rations. This formula is extensively recovered to-day, mostly and can not be redistilled completely. by the small bootlegg1rs, because the redistillation can be Completely denatured formula No. 5, option No. 1, an alco­ carried out" in any kind of a still. The brucine sulfate, which hol for radiators, contains 4 per cent methanol, 0.5 per cent is poisonous but not volatile, remains in the kettle while kerosene, and in addition 0.75 per cent aldehol, an evil­ the isopropyl alcohol passes with the recovered ethyl alcohol. smelling and bad-tasting product of oxidation of kerosene. Isopropyl alcohol is not poisonous when pure, but it is not The bootleggers refuse to "cook" this formula and the often pure and should not be added to a regular diet. It alcohol manufacturers are emitting loud wails because it has little taste and can not be detected except by a compli­ does not sell. The bootleggers say that it is too hard to cated chemical test. The brucine sulfate, which belongs to "clean," and there you are. As they have no objection to the strychnine family, is toxic, although not as much as the methanol, why not take it out altogether and thereby strychnine; it has .a bitter taste, and for this reason formula remove th~ danger of ultimate poisoning to any possible No. 40 has been used for "spiking" near beer to raise its ultimate consumer. I hold no brief for aldehol; there are alcoholic content to 5 or more per cent. The bitter taste plenty of nonpoisonous denaturants just as efficient; why of this mixture fairly resembles the taste of hops, and the not use them? ultimate consumer seems to be satisfied. If he knew what Specially denatured formula No. 3-A contains 5 per cent he is drinking, and what effect brucine sulfate will eventu­ pure methyl alcohol and can be obtained on the pretense of ally have on his nervous system, he would leave the poison­ manufacturing furniture polish, lacquers, shampoos, shellac, ous concoction alone. Unfortunately, he does not know, no and so forth. It is easy to get on an approved permit. I one knows, and since it can be safely assumed that the have heard that this formula is being used straight for the majority of people drink occasionally, it is a fact that this compounding of liquor, merely after shaking it with a spe­ country is slowly but surely being poisoned, all because of cial grade of activated charcoal to remove its foreign odor. foolish, poisoned alcohol laws unwisely applied. It is then made into whisky by adding water, oils, and color The examples which have been cited above are the mos:t without further purification or redistillation. It contains 5 flagrant. There are many other formulas which can be per cent methyl alcohol, equivalent to 2.5 per cent methanol, easily recovered, some containing poisonous ingredients and in the finished liquor. Such a percentage will not blind, some perfectly harmless. paralyze, or kill outright, but I appeal to any physician in This brings my plea to the point where criticisms must America t

1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 275 in all the bureaus. Why should we follow a different policy The Clerk read as follows: for the city of New York? Additional vessels: For additional seaplanes and their equip­ Mr. LAGUARDIA. I know that such policy is not going ment, including spare parts and accessories, to cost not to exceed to be sustained, and if the gentleman will wait until we get $160,000; for additional pat rol boats and their equipment, to be constructed or purchased in the discretion of the Secretary of the to section 4, he will find that out. Treasury, $440,000; in all, $600,000, to remain available until The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the Clerk will read expended. the statement requested by the gentleman from New York. Mr. STAFFORD. Mr. Chairman, I reserve a point of The Clerk read as follows: order on the paragraph just read. What authority of law Hon. ANDREW MELLON, Secretary of the Treasury of the United States: is there for providing these additional seaplanes and patrol The Federal grand jury for the southern district of New York, boats for which a. total appropriation of $600,000 is asked? November, 1930, term, morning session, respectfully states: Mr. WOOD. There was general authority for this on the During the past two weeks it bas heard the testimony of Nar­ naval bill a number of years ago. cotic Agent Arnold C. Lachenauer in 17 narcotic cases, and has returned indictments against 31 defendants comprising a narcotic Mr. STAFFORD. I would like to have the gentleman cite ring which operated on a large scale in tbe city of New York. the authority. In prior paragraphs for authorization of new The grand jury highly commends Narcotic Agent Arnold C. vessels the authority is cited. Here you give them blanket Lachenauer, who played the leading part in the making of these authority to expend $600,000 for additional patrol boats and cases, for the courage, persistence, and intelligence which he dis­ played. It also commends Maj. Joseph A. Manning, narcotic seaplanes. Where is the authority of law for that? agent in charge, for his able guidance of the investigations; and Mr. WOOD. I can find it for the gentleman if he wants. Assistant United States Attorney John A. Wilson, in charge of A number of years ago there was an authorization for the prosecution, for his competent presentation of the evidence. The grand jury hopes and recommends that the Government will sub­ establishment of 10 naval air stations for the Coast Guard. stantially reward the efforts of Agent Lachenauer. It is under that authorization that this appropriation is The grand jury has been advised by Maj. Joseph A. Manning made. that a shortage of Government funds available for expenditure in the making of•narcotic cases made it necessary to terminate Mr. STAFFORD. Can the gentleman inform the com­ the work of Agent Lachenauer in this case before the maximum mittee the aggregate amount that has been expended for results had been achieved. This we regret, and we urge that every seaplanes and patrol boats for the enforcement of the eight­ effort be made to secure appropriations which will make possible eenth amendment under the Coast Guard? a more extensive and effective warfare against the narcotic evil. Respectfully submitted. Mr. WOOD. You can not tell exactly. They use these LEO LEWINSON, Foreman. planes not only for the purpose of discovering people who WILLIAM R. SAMPLE, Secretary. are violating the eighteenth amendment but they also use • Mr. BLACK. Mr. Chairman, I would like to support this them to discover smugglers. amendment. Mr. STAFFORD. Does the gentleman know of one in­ The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from New York [Mr. stance in the Government where any money was voted for BLACK] is recognized for five minutes. the Coast Guard or its predecessor for seaplanes and patrol Mr. BLACK. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the com­ boats for smuggling purposes prior to the enactment of the mittee, a great many Members of the House come from Volstead Act? districts where you see little of the ravages of narcotic Mr. WOOD. The fact of the matter is that we were peddling. It has been a tremendous problem to us in New not dealing in airplanes very much before that time. York for a great period of time. A grand jury devoted Mr. STAFFORD. If I know anything about the Coast some months last year to the investigation of the entire Guard Service, and I have seen the service operating on the situation, and on its report there was created a new bureau. river between the borders at Detroit and also at Atlantic I have personally talked with a great number of narcotic City, these seaplanes are used primarily to prevent smug­ agents in New York. I think that most of these men are gling of wet goods. filled with enthusiasm in stamping out this evil. But the Mr. WOOD. That may be true. enemy is wealthy. There is not a better financed mob of Mr. STAFFORD. How much has the Government appro­ racketeers in this country than those who peddle narcotics. priated for this purpose to the Coast Guard? There are none more subtle, more wily, none harder to con­ Mr. WOOD. I can tell the gentleman how much we have front than the men who are peddling narcotics. appropriated for the Coast Guard, but I can not tell him The men representing the Government in this fight should how much we have appropriated for the purpose of ferreting have every financial help of the Congress. It is no easy out those who are violating the eighteenth amendment, work. Now and then they are able to get some small fry. because these boats and seaplanes are not ·used solely for These smaller peddlers, these lesser agents, are not as much that purpose. They are used also for the purpose of dis­ afraid of the Government as they are afraid of the heads of covering vessels in distress. If the gentleman will read the the racket. The Government can send them to jail for a few hearings, the testimony of Admiral Billard, he will find an years. The heads of the racket can have them killed im­ excellent statement with reference to the various services mediately. Running down the narcotic evil presents a far they are used for. It is a mistaken idea to think that they greater difficulty than any other crime. The illicit use of are used solely for ferreting out violators of the eighteenth narcotics is a great contributing force to the violence that amendment. we see all over the country to-day. Take the narcotics Mr. STAFFORD. While I have the fioor let me inquire away from the criminals, and you will not have the banditry about the next paragraph. What is the occasion for the to one-fourth the extent that it exists to-day. The hired appropriation of $2,300,000, a very large amount, for repairs assassins are all doped before they go out to work. Deprive to Coast Guard vessels and boats? them of their dope and they will think twice before they Mr. WOOD. We have been increasing this ft.eet. They will go into the highways to kill officers of the law and have a very large fieet of hundreds of boats, and a great citizens. I believe this new Narcotic Bureau means business, many of these vessels are getting old. Some of them are that it is going into this fight with a purpose. It is the nearly obsolete. Admiral Billard at great length has given greatest fight that the Government has on its hands, and I us a detail of the repairs and the amount that is going to believe that the Congress should get back of it and do all be used for repairs. it can in the way of providing funds in order to end this Mr. STAFFORD. Mr. Chairman, with the statement evil. I believe the House at this time should accept the made by the chairman that there is authority for these ex­ amendment offered by the gentleman from New York. penditures, I withdraw the reservation of the point of order. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment The Clerk read as follows: offered by the gentleman from New York. The question was taken; and on a division

276 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-, HOUSE DECEMBER 5 Tbe Clerk read as follows: In the opinion of the Chair, the amendment is not germane Amendment by Mr. O'CoNNOR of New York: Page 25, line 22, at this place, and the point of order is sustained. after the figures " $32,.522,922," insert "No part of ~y money Mr. O'CONNOR of New York. My amendment follows appropriated by this or any other act shall be used, dll'ectly or the item for the Coast Guard, and it is made a part of the indirectly, to defray any cost or expense in enforcing or atte~pt­ ing to enforce the national prohibition act." paragraph containing the total amount appropriated for the Coast Guard. Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, I make a point of order The CHAIRMAN. J1 the Chair was offering the amend­ against that on the ground that it is legislation on an appro­ ment, he would offer it as a new section at the. end of the priation bill. bill or eliminate the part referring to appropriations other The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Indiana makes than those providing for the Coast Guard. a point of order on the amendment. Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, I wish to make a further Mr. O'CONNOR of New York. Then, Mr. Chairman, I point of order on that. shall amend my amendment by saying "appropriation for Mr. O'CONNOR of New York. Mr. Chairman, I do not the Coast Guard." think there is any necessity of arguing the point of order. The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman offers an amendment, It is a limitation on the use of the money. As to the words, which the Clerk will report. "Any other act," I call attention to the fact that in this bill The Clerk read as follows: itself, at the top of page 7, it provides-- Amendment offered by Mr. O'CoNNOR of New York: On page 25, line 22, after the figures "$32,522,922," insert "No part of any No part of the money appropriated by this or any other act money appropriated in this act for the Coast Guard shall be used shall be used during the fiscal year 1932 for the purchase of any directly or indirectly to defray any cost or expense in enforcing standard typewriting machines- or attempting to enforce the national prohibition act." And so forth. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from New York is rec- Mr. LAGUARDIA. That is out of order. ognized on his amendment. Mr. O'CONNOR of New York. Well, if that language Mr. O'CONNOR of New York. Mr. Chairman, ladies and should be out of order, I will withdraw that part of lilY gentlemen of the committee, I realize the futility -of passing amendment referring to " any other act,"' and offer it with- my amendment at this particular session of Congress. I, for out the words "or any other act." one, have consistently for four or five years refused to vote The CHAffiMAN. The Clerk will again report the for any appropriation to enforce the prohibition law, and amendment I can stand up and defend myself against any accusation of The amendment was again read. being a nullifier. I have no compunctions about it. I still Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, I make a point of order believe my position to be entirely consistent with my oath• that the amendment is not germane to this bill or to any of office. paragraph in the bill, or to the particular paragraph to I believe the time is not far off, however, when there will which it is offered. be 218 Member's elected to this Honse who are opposed to Mr. O'CONNOR of New York. Mr. Chairman, the hear- prohibition. I believe, as shown by the referenda in at least ings demonstrate by the testimony of the Undersecretary of six states in the last election and as shown by the course the Treasury that $16,000,000 of the total of $32,000,000 of events in the last several years, that the people of this ·appropriated for the Coast Guard will be used to enforce country, by at least 3 to 1, do not want the prohibition the prohibition act. law.enforced, as they do not want many other laws enforced Mr. BLANTON. But there is nothing in the bill referring which are still on our statute books and are not enforced. to the prohibition act. I believe no one in public life need hide his head when he Mr. STAFFORD. There is no question, in my judgment conscientiously states he will not appropriate one penny to concerning the propriety of offering the amendment in a enforce a law that in the first instance is not enforceable, certain place. You have already read the paragraphs relat- causing such an appropriation-to be a waste of public funds, ing to the enforcement of the prohibition act or the work and which in the second instance the people of his country of the Coast Guard Service. Here is the appropriate place, do not want enforced. if this omnibus amendment is going to be considered at all. I am proud, and I have been for years, of the position I So far as the question of germaneness is concerned, that have taken on this question. My reply to anybody who question must be eliminated for the time being. utters the old bromide, "Well, it is the law, and while it is As to a limitation. it has been held innumerable times that the law it should be enforced," that such a slogan is we can refuse to appropriate any money for any purpose. "claptrap," whether it is uttered by a Democrat or a Re­ Congress has that right. The· decisions of chairmen who publican, a constable, or a President. No one of them can have lately presided over this Chamber have been to the mean it in their hearts, because if they were to carry such• effect that such an amendment is in the nature of a a position to a logical conclusion every man in this body limitation. and nearly every person in this country would become an Mr. O'CONNOR of New York. I call attention also to the informer. If' I or you saw a man committing a burglary, it language on page 21, line 17. It refers to the "authorized would make no difference who he was-he might be a work" of the Coast Guard. Later there is a reference to the friend-we would inform on him. We sincerely want that seizure of vessels~ Of course that authority comes under law enforced. But if we see, as we do every day, a man-a their work in the enforcement of the prohibition laws and friend-transporting or buying or giving away or dispens­ the seizure of vessels thereunder. The fact that the enforce- ing, or even manufacturing liquor, we will not inform on ment of the prohibition law is not mentioned or referred to him. The., driest" man in the House would not become in the text of the bill is, to my mind, trivial and not su:ffi- such an informer. Therefore, ladies and gentlemen. you do cient to sustain the point of order. not sincerely want the prohibition law enforced. The people The CHAIRMAN. The amendment offered by the gentle- of this country do not want that law enforced as they want man from New York provides- other laws of the Nation enforced. Let us be frank 'That no part <>f any money authorized by this aet shall be about it. directly or indirectly used to defray any cost or expense in enforc- Nullifiers? Why, some of the best-known Jaws in this 1ng or attempting to enforce the national prohibition act. country have been nullified and the people have not held And the amendment is offered at the end of the section their heads in shame at theiT action. Nor do I to-day. We - providing appropriations for the Coast Guard. This pro- will solve the prohibition question, and soon. In my humble posed amendment attempts to limit all appropriations car- opini?n we -will n?t have t? wait for the cumbersome me­ ried in the entire bill the purpose of which are to enforce chamcs of repealing the elght~ez:th amendment. Af! ~~on the natio,nal prohibition act. The amendment is o-.fiered to as the tidal wave of popular op1mon opposed to prohib1tlon the section making appropriation for the Coast Guard only. 1 shall reach the top, this Government will refuse to waste· 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 277

the people's money in an idle gesture trying to enforce I hope the Senate will correct this bill and, in particul~r, the law. insert the items for the Grand Island and Port Orford lift. .. Mr. CLANCY. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the saving stations. last word. I am certain that my colleague from Michigan [Mr. BoHN] I wish to call attention to a few items with reference to would fight hard for this Grand Island station if he were the Coast Guard, which I realize can not be changed in here. He is attending the funeral of his father. He did this House, but which I hope will be changed in the Senate. fight hard for the past year for this station. Grand Island The committee resisted the very earnest and emphatic is near l\1:unising, Mich., in his congressional district. demands of the head of the Coast Guard, Admiral Billard, The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from l\1:ichi .. that two life-saving stations be placed at strategic points gan has expired. for the sake of humanity and for the sake of commerce, Mr. BLANTON. :Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to the ·and the committee refused to give the amounts requested. amendment of the gentleman from New York. With all · One was at Grand Island, Mich., where men, women, and the fuss that is being made in the newspapers and from children are lost, where great boats go down, where life­ time to time on the floor of the House, there can not be saving crews have to travel 70 miles, which they can not mustered in this House, in my judgment, as many as 75 very well do in the terrific storms which occur there. More votes against the prohibition law. [Applause.] traffic, probably, passes that point than passes through the Mr. CULLEN. Will the gentleman yield? Panama Canal or probably through the Suez and Panama Mr. BLANTON. Certainly. Canals combined. Mr. CULLEN. Of course, the gentleman will admit that The head of the Coast Guard asked for that station in in the next Congress we may have 175 votes. the interest of humanity and commerce. He begged for a Mr. BLANTON. No; that will not be the situation. In station on the Pacific Coast at Port Orford, Oreg., which is the next Congress, with all the fuss the wets will make midway between Portland, Oreg., and San Francisco, and there and with all the turnover, I want to suggest to my where a great many ships go down. At that point the life­ friend now that he will not be able, with the help of the saving crews have to travel 200 miles in a particularly gentleman from Maryland [Mr. LmTmcUMJ, who is the tempestuous ocean. But in this same Coast Gua1·d appro­ leader of the wets here, and all of the wet gentlemen from priation bill they give $10,000 additional to these Coast New York, to muster as many as 100 votes to in any way ·Guard men, a good many of whom are crooks, for their change that law. [Applause.] I'ecreation, for their amusement, for their comfort, for their Mr. CULLEN. Will the gentleman yield again? contentment, and for their healtJ:.. 'Vhat was that $10,000 Mr. BLANTON. Certainly. increase for? The boys are not amused with the moving Mr. CULLEN. There will be other States which will join pictures which they have now. They must have the new, with New York. up-to-date sound moving pictures, and that is the extra !VIr. BLANTON. Oh, yes. There is always lots of fuss cost. Their recreation item is boosted from $30,000 to about repealing and changing, and lots of noise about it, but $40,000. when the time to vote comes you will find that the inen Those are the same lads that turned machine guns on from the various States of this country are going to back three young fellows who had surrendered on the Massachu­ the people of the United States who stand for this law. setts coast and riddled them with bullets. Those are some [Applause.] of the lads that steal cargoes of liquor and sell them to It took years to pass this amendment. It was not there­ whoever they can. Those are some of the lads who take sult of the war. It took 50 years for the sane people of graft and persecute those who will not pay them graft. the country to pass the eighteenth amendment and put it The Coast Guard at one time was an ancient, honorable in the Constitution of the United States, and it is going to service in the United States, and it occupied a place of take 50 years more for it to be taken out of the Constitution. honor in the great patriotic Bunker Hill parade in Boston Mr. CULLEN. I doubt it. each year. But prohibition has tainted them and the people Mr. BLANTON. That is the only way to get rid of it. of Boston are so incensed to-day against this crooked Coast You have got to take it out of the Constitution. You have Guard that they have driven them out of that parade, and got to first pass a repealing amendment, both in the House there would be a riot if they attempted to march in the and in the Senate, by a two-thirds vote of both Houses; parade. Not only that, the people of Boston demolished then you have got to submit it to the legislatures of the the Coast Guard recruiting station in Boston. We have the States and it must be ratified by at least three-fourths of same opinion of them in Detroit, and others have the same the States of this Nation; and you are not going to get it opinion of them wherever they are working on prohibition done in 50 years. That is the reason my wet friends here enforcement. • are continually asking Congress to stop appropriating money. The committee refused $143,000 for two life-saving sta­ Why, that is nullification, pure and simple, I will state to my tions to save millions of dollars of ships, save probably friend from Maryland [Mr. LINTHICUM], who is always on hundreds of millions of dollars of cargo, and save precious his feet with reference to this wet question. lives, but here is an item of $440,000 for new ships, patrol Mr. LiNTHICUM. I want to ask the gentleman what boats. After Canada closed the border to their liquor ex­ will become of prohibition enforcement and the Volstead ports; at Detroit alone, the Coast Guard sent 120 men and Act if we stop appropriating money for it. several boats, which are useless, because there is a modicum Mr. BLANTON. \Ve are not going to quit appropriating. of liquor caught, and they are used as agencies for carry~ng This Congress is going to obey the will of the _people. I liquor. I know that is true. Prohibition boats carry liquor want to remind my friend from New York of a distinguished there. They solicit cargoes, and they are put there to cor­ Senator from that State, who, not so very long ago, lost rupt our people, and now the prohibitionists want $440,000 his seat in the United States Senate by reason of the votes more for Coast Guard boats and for men. Those extra men of the dry people of New York City along with the dry and extra boats can all be transferred off the Great Lakes people of New York State. There are plenty of dry votes to any other place. in the State of New York. On the Great Lakes navigation is closed four months of Mr. STAFFORD. Will the gentleman from Texas yield? the year by the ice. Why not transfer them? You say Mr. BLANTON. Certainly I will yield to the gentleman there is no money for humanity, no money for the women from Milwaukee. and children who are going down in an icy sea, no money Mr. STAFFORD. Has the gentleman read the returns in for these two stations, but unlimited funds for prohibition. the recent election from Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Con­ That is what the people of the United States are angry necticut, New York, New Jersey, and other States? about. That is what they are rebelling about. Millions for Mr. SABATH. And illinois. the persecution of American citizens but very little for the Mr. STAFFORD. And Illinois and Wisconsin. development of life saving or for humanity or for the pro­ Mr. BLANTON. Those States have always been wet; tection of commerce. they have always been wet, but they are not the only States 278 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-H.OUSE DECEMBER 5 in the universe. They form a very small part of the United had been promised the people if they would but adopt the States. prohibition law. Mr. STRONG of Kansas. A very small part. Mr. BLACK. Mr. Chairman, I ask recognition in support Mr. BLANTON. A very small part. When the member­ of the amendment. ship of this House and the membership of the Senate from Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, I was in the other 42 or 43 States of this Union rise and register Texas about two years ago, and I think Texas is as wet as their vote-not merely their own sentiment but the senti­ any other part of the Union; in fact, from my own observa­ ment of the people back home-you are going to find you tions, I believe those new irrigation ditches they have in have got to remove this amendment in the orderly way of Texas were all needled. amending the Constitution-by the slow process of 50 years, I do not like to see the gentleman from Texas [Mr. BLAN .. if you ever remove it at all. [Applause.] TON] assuming the leadership of the dry cause. I like the The CHAIRMAN. The time. of the gentleman from Texas gentleman from Texas, I like to see him here, and there is has expired. The question is on the amendment offered by something fairly ominous about the leadership of the dry the gentleman from New York. cause in this House, and I hope the gentleman will change Mr. CRAMTON. Mr. Chairman, I ask for a division. his mind about taking on the burden. Mr. STAFFORD. Mr. Chairman, may we have the I recall that in some of the naval appropriation bills when amendment again reported? we were appropriating for new construction we added a The CHAffiMAN. Without objection, the Clerk will ·again proviso that in the, event of further naval disarmament the report the amendment. · President could stop new construction. Now, in view of the There was no objection. fact we have the Wickersham Commission somewhere in the The Clerk again reported the amendment. country-and we are going to send out an expeditionary The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by force soon to find it-investigating this question, and that it Mr. CRAMTON) there were-ayes 22, noes 108. might, if it observes the facts, report on a liberal basis, and So the amendment was rejected. that therefore we might have modification, then this huge Mr. SABATH. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. appropriation for the Coast Guard will not be necessary. The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman from Illinois offers So I really think that the Appropriations Committee, in an amendment, which the Clerk will report. view of what was done with respect to naval appropriations, The Clerk read as follows: giving the President permission to cut down such appropria­ Amendment offered by Mr. SABATH: Page 25, line 22, strike out tions in case of a successful limitation of armament confer­ "$32,522,922" and insert in lieu thereof "$20,522,922." ence, should put in a provision here to the effect that in case Mr. SABATH. Mr. Chairman, some years ago, when the the Wickersham Commission reports in favor of modification prohibitionists, under the leadership of such gentlemen as then only part of this sum shall be used. the gentleman from Texas, forced the Coast Guard into the I can see why the gentlemen from the Middle West sup­ enforcement of the impossible prohibition law, I then stated port this appropri~tion. This is, to a certain extent, a tariff on this floor, not only that the Coast Guard but the entire bill keeping from this country the grain that comes from NaVY and Army of' the United States could not enforce this over the seas in liquid form. It is only fair that now and unwise and destructive prohibition monster. In this I have then the dry American farmer should be allowed to sell some been justified. I had also stated that I feared that the of his grain to the bootleggers, and I can well see that the placing of this burden upon the Coast Guard would destroy high-tariff principle applies to this proposition. the efficiency of that one-time splendid organization. Only Now, on the Wickersham Commission I observed the vote a few days ago we have all seen reports in all the newspa­ on the poisoned-alcohol amendment. You gentlemen have a pers of the United States that over 100 Coast Guard young fine inspiration in not learning anything from elections. men had been indicted or were about to be indicted in the The President of the United States has refused to learn any­ city of Detroit for graft and conspiracy. Nor can we well thing from the last election. If there was one criticism of overlook the Buffalo outrage. It is indeed sad, and I know the President that largely obtained, it was that he was un­ you all deplore that fact. I am under the impression that willing to do anything. He believed in delay, linger, and the sooner we relieve the Coast Guard of this unpleasant wait. He believed in stalling, and the first thing he did duty the better will it be for that service. after the election was to prevent the Wickersham Commis­ Mr. Chairman, it was for that reason I offered the amend­ sion from making a report to this Congress. ment, which would reduce the appropriation by $12,000,000 it is my idea of the situation that in the last election the and still leave a sum large enough for_that service. wet point of view was largely successful; that the people of Now, as to the gentleman from Texas [Mr. BLANTON], who the Nation expected immediate action on this question; yet preceded me, the gentleman states it will require 50 years instead of tha.t they have had to defe their hopes, because to repeal the eighteenth amendment and that nothing can of the routine of the Constitution, until December, 1931. be done without a repeal of said amendment. Let me say Now, if l were controlling the wet group in this House, I to the gentleman that the old maxim that no one is so would start a filibuster against these appropriation bills and blind as he who refuses to see is very applicable to him, force a special session on the wet and dry question, force the since the Congress has jurisdiction to amend the Volstead President to take some action, force Mr. Wickersham and Act and give America wholesome, unpoisoned beer, which his commission to come from hiding and make a report to the American people demand, as demonstrated by the recent the Congress. We have given them a large appropriation elections; and that, without waiting for the repeal of the expecting an enlightening report and this ought to be done. eighteenth amendment, this can be done as soon as a ma­ I may say to the wets of this House that it is no use going jority of the Members of this House will vote for such an along getting test votes in the Committee of the Whole. I amendment; and this will not require 50 years, 10 years, or think the public expects us to fight, expects us to fight the even 5 years. The last election has demonstrated that the drys by every proper parliamentary method, and the most people are aroused. They •demand a modification. They available one now is to filibuster on these appropriation bills demand a change. Yes; they demand a repeal of the and force a special session on the President, in which could eighteenth amendment. I realize this will require some be brought up the full wet and dry question, so that men time, but it will not take long· to modify the Volstead Act elected to Congress at the last election, pledged to the wet and bring relief to the Nation, eliminate crime due to pro­ cause, can have something to say immediately about the hibition, and bring about a condition of law and order in government of this country. our country. And I am satisfied that if same could be The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from New. brought about now-which change, I well realize, is impos­ York has expired. sible in this Congress-the tremendous unemployment exist­ The amendment was rejected. ing to-day in our Nation would be materially reduced, and Mr. BRIGGS. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the this to replace the so-called " everlasting prosperity , . that last word. 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 279 I would like to ask the chairman of the committee whether I did not intend any criticism of those who selected the there is included in this Coast Guard appropriation provi­ sites, because I realize, as we all do, that these gentlemen, sion for the restoration of the Saluria Coast Guard station the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury and the Fourth As­ on the coast of Texas. It is my understanding it is in­ sistant Postmaster General have a tremendous job on their cluded, but I would like to have that opinion confirmed. hands when it comes to selecting hundreds of sites for the Mr. WOOD. Yes; it is included. purpose of putting up public buildings. It is a great respon­ Mr. BRIGGS. That is embodied in one of the lump-sum sibility, and these gentlemen visit many of these places for appropriations carried under this paragraph? the purpose of selecting out of 8 or 10 sites that may be Mr. WOOD. Yes. offered in a city the one that should be accepted by the Mr. BRIGGS. And the item amounts to about $40,000? Government. Mr. WOOD. That is my recollection. My criticism-and the only criticism I have to make here The pro forma amendment was withdrawn. of any delay in the construction of public buildings-is the The Clerk read as follows: fact that the Department of Justice takes on the average OFFICE OF SUPERVISING ARCHITECT four months to examine a title. There is not a gentleman PUBLIC BUILDINGS, CONSTRUCTION AND RENT in this House who if he bought a piece of real estate and For the acquisition of sites or of additional land, commence· employed a lawyer to examine the title would put up with ment, continuation, or completion of construction in connection that sort of a thing for one moment. He would expect the with any or all projects authorized under the provisions of sec· title to be examined and passed upon within a day or two tions 3 and 5 of the public ouildings act, approved May 25, 1926 (U. S. C., Supp. III, title 40, sees. 343, 345), and the acts amenda­ or a week at the outside. That is a delay which occurs and tory thereof, approved February 24, 1928 (U. S. C., Supp. III, title which I think is entirely unjustifiable. As a matter of fact, 40, sec. 345), and March 31, 1930 ( 46 Stat. 136, 137), within the some legislation ought to be passed which would authorize respective limits of cost fixed for such projects, $60,000,000. the Government to accept guaranteed certificates of title. Mr. BYRNS. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last Mr. COCHRAN of Missouri. Mr. Chairman, in connection word. Mr. Chairman, on Wednesday 1 made some remarks with what the gentleman from Tennessee has said I would relating to the message of the President and his request for like to give some information to the 1\.fembers of this House ~150,000,000 for the purpose of taking care of unemployment whose districts have been awarded a public building where by speeding up the construction of public works. that public building has not been constructed. My remarks referred to the construction of public build­ The day before yesterday the chairmen of the Judiciary ings and the length of time it takes to complete public Committees of the Senate and the House introduced a com­ buildings. I did that in order to show that any appropria­ panion bill which extends to the Government in the entire tion that might be made for the purpose of speeding up country the same rights that now exist in the District of work on public buildings would not accomplish anything Columbia. ..That is, when a site has been selected and no within the six months prescribed by the President. agreement can be reached as to price, the Government may My remarks have been construed by some as a possible go into the Federal court and place in escrow an amount of criticism of the Supervising Architect and those in charge money stipulated by the judge, and can then immediately and control of the construction of the buildings. I feel in take over the property. If the committees of the two justice to them and in justice to myself that I should say Houses will report the bill and pass it immediately, I know that I · did not intend to make any such criticism, and I have of numerous places where buildings wi-ll be started at once. no such criticism to make. Outstanding among these is my own city of St. Louis. Your As a matter of fact, I think the Supervising Architect's Appropriation Committee very kindly gave us an appropria­ force is doing a splendid work and speeding up as fast as tion with which to buy a site for a Federal building about it is possible to do, taking into consideration the number four years ago. of public buildings that are to be constructed. After a year's delay I saw the President of the United Now, to show that fact I want to read from the hearings States because a site had not been selected. The follow­ a statement by Mr. Martin, of the Supervising Architect's ing day he took the ·matter up with the Secretary of the office, in answer to a question on the speeding up of the Treasury and the Postmaster General and the site was se­ work on public buildings. It is as follows: lected immediately, but to this day the Government has not Mr. MARTIN. Yes, sir. I can best answer that by telling you that been able to secw·e the property. Only a few days ago the at the present time there are just 12 authorized projects where case was laid over to the March term of court. If this title has been acquired and on which the drawings have not been started. Of those 12 projects, there are at least 4 that we do not bill becomes a law the Government can go into court in the have specific authorization for the building; in other words, in city of St. Louis; turn the money over to the judge, and the prior authorizations we have acquired the land to get ready to department here is ready to appoint an architect and go build. So I should say there are less than eight projects ready for ahead with the construction of the building, which is in the Supervising Architect's Office now where title is vested and we are clear to go ahead. a city where over 50,000 people are out of employment. Mr. THATCHER. How long would it take you to get out those The same thing applies to our new ·post office in St. Louis. plans so that the work can go ahead? The money is in the Treasury, but they can not agree upon Mr. MARTIN. It depends, of course, on the size of the job. The Supervising Architect's Office is really organized to absorb at the the price of the property for the site. I understand there rate of about 12 to 15 projects a month. We turn them out that are 100 such cases in the Department of Justice to-day, and fast and we can pick them up that 1ast. The time it takes for if the Members will get behind the bills and have them actual sketches, and preliminary drawings, working drawings, writ­ reported and passed, then their buildings can go on ing of specifications, advertising for bids, ranges from four to six months. immediately. I hope that the Judiciary Committee of the House at its That is at the rate of one in two and a half days or two first meeting will make a favora.ble report on the bill. · It days, as a matter of fact. I make this statement simply to has the approval of the Department of Justice. say that in my remarks the other day I did not intend a The Clerk read as follows: criticism of the Supervising Architect's Office for any undue Mechanical equipment: For installation and repair of mechani­ delay in the construction of public buildings. The force in cal equipment in all completed and occupied public buildings the Supervising Architect's Office is doing all it can to hurry under the control of the Treasury Department, including heat­ the construction of public buildings, but it is impossible to ing, hoisting, plumbing, gas piping, ventilating, vacuum clean~ expect a:hy relief within six months or a year under any ing, and refrigerating apparatus, electric-light plants, meters, interior pneumatic-tube and intercommunicating telephone sys. emergency appropriation that might be made for public tems, conduit, wiring, call-bell and signal systems, and for main­ buildings. Besides, as the hearings show, the department tenance and repair of tower clocks; for installation and repair of now has all the funds it can use between now and next mechanical equipment, for any of the foregoing items, in build· ings not reserved by vendors on sites under the control of the December. Treasury Department acquired for public buUdings or the en­ I did say something about the delay that had occurred largements of public buildings, the total expenditures on this in the selection of two sites in my own State of Tennessee. account for the current fiscal year not to exceed 10 per cent 280 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 5 of the annual rentals of such buildings: Provided, That of 'the Mr. WOOD. I think that, for the most part, American sum herein appropriated, not exceeding $125,000 may be used ~or the installation and repair of mechanical equipment in marme wood will be used. hospitals, the national leprosarium, and quarantine stations (in­ Mr. COLLINS. If that is the case, then the gentleman cluding Marcus Hook),_and not exceeding $38,000 for the Treas­ should have no objection to such an amendment. ury, Treasury Annex, Liberty Loan, and Au<4tor's Buildings, in Mr. WOOD. But there may be some exceptional pieces the District of Columbia, but not including the generating plant and its maintenance in the Auditor's Building, and not exceed­ that there is good reason for using foreign wood in. The ing $10,000 for the maintenance, changes in, and repairs of matter has not been inquired into and I do not want to pneumatic-tube system between the appraisers' warehouse and submit to something that I might regret afterwards. the new customhouse in Bowling Green, Borough of Manhattan, Mr. LAGUARDIA. As a matter of fact, is not most mod­ in the city of New York, including repairs to the street pavement and subsurface necessary, incident to, ~r resulting from, sue~ ern furniture now made of metal? maintenance, changes, or repairs: Provided further, That this Mr. COLLINS. No. sum shall not be available for the payment of personal services Mr. STAFFORD. Oh, I take issue with the gentleman. I except for work done by contract, or for temporary job labor under exigency not exceeding at one time the sum of $100 at am somewhat interested in that line of business~ The mod­ any one building, $700,000. ern equipment for office furnishings, for desks, and even chairs, is of metal construction. Wood is being displaced. Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, I reserve the point of Mr. COLLINS. The gentleman, I am sure, is mistaken. order on the paragraph in order to ask the Chairman what However, I have no objection to the use of metal, but I do authority of law there is for the language beginning in line think that the wooden furniture should be made out of 3, page 41, down to line 17, page 41. That seems to be native American woods, and that is all that I wish and that legislation unauthorized. is all that my amendment provides. Mr. WOOD. It is a part of the public buildings act, and Mr. WOOD. In the absence of any hearings on this, I it simply segregates the amount that may be expended on can not consent to an amendment of that character. these various public buildings. Mr. COLLINS. Then, Mr. Chairman, I offer the following Mr. BLANTON. Have all of those items enumerated been amendment, which I send to the desk. provided for by law? The Clerk read as follows: Mr. WOOD. Yes. Amendment by Mr. CoLLINs: Page 46, line 18, after the period, Mr. BLANTON. 'How about the pneumatic tube? strike out the period and insert: "Provided further, That no Mr. WOOD. That is provided for by law years ago. appropriation contained in this act shall be available for the Mr. BLANTON. And there is law for all of these items? purchase of furniture made of wood of foreign growth." Mr. WOOD. Yes. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment. Mr. BLANTON. I withdraw the reservation of the point Mr. COLLINS. Mr. Chairman, my amendment provides of order. that if the furniture is to be made of wood, it will be made The Clerk read as follows: out of native American wood. That is all. Furniture and repairs of furniture: For furniture, carpets, and The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the repairs of same, for completed and occupied public buildings under amendment offered by the gentleman from Mississippi. the control of the Treasury Department, exclusive of marine hos­ pitals, quarantine stations, mints, branch mints, and assay offices, The question was taken; and the Chairman announced and for gas and electric lighting fixtures and repairs of same for that the noes seemed to have it. completed and occupied public buildings under the control of the Mr. COLLINS. Mr. Chairman, I ask for a division. Treasury Department, including marine hospitals and quarantine stations, but exclusive of mints, branch mints, and assay offices, The CHAIRMAN.- A division is asked for. and for furniture and carpets for public buildings and extension The committee divided; and there were-ayes 23, noes 84. of public buildings in course of construction which are to remain So the amendment was rejected. · under the custody and control of the Treasury Department, exclu­ The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will read. sive of marine hospitals, quarantine stations, mints, branch mints, and assay offices, and buildings constructed for other executive The Clerk read as follows: departments or establishments of the Government, $1,150,000: When specifically approved by the Postmaster General, trans­ Provided, That the foregoing appropriation shall not be used for fers may be made between the appropriations or allocations of personal services except for work done under contract or for appropriations in this title under the respective jurisdiction of temporary job labor under exigency and not exceeding at one any bureau, office, institution, or service, in order to meet increases time the sum of $100 at any one building: Provided further, That in compensation resulting from the reallocation by the Personnel all furniture now owned by the United States in other public Classification Board of positions under any such organization buildings or in buildings rented by the United States shall be unit. Any such transfers shall be reported to Congress in the used, so far as practicable, whether it corresponds with the present annual Budget. regulation plan for furniture or not. Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, I reserve a point of order Mr. COLLINS. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the on the paragraph. last word. In this bill are two items for furniture. One is The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Texas reserves a an item of $430,000 for furniture for old buildings and the point of order on the paragraph. other is an item of $447,000 for furniture for new buildings, Mr. BLANTON. I would like for the chairman to tell us making a total of $883,000. Is the gentleman willing to what is the necessity of this paragraph, beginning on line 15 accept an amendment providing that the wooden furniture and extending to line 22 on page 49? shall be made out of native American woods? Mr. WOOD. This is to enable them to make transfers Mr. WOOD. The fact of the matter is that a great from one appropriation to another when occasion arises. amount of this furniture is not to be made out of wood at Mr. STAFFORD. The purpose of this provision appar­ all. It will be made out of. steel. ently is to let the departments have no restriction whatever Mr. COLLINS. But if any of it is made out of wood, it on the appropriations carried in the bill. There is no law ought to be made out of American woods? for it, but this has been running along since the Committee Mr. WOOD. I think the greater portion of it is. on Appropriations under the Budget got control of all the Mr. COLLINS. It is not so in the War Department appro­ appropriations. In other words, they can transfer appro­ priation bill, and I shall endeavor to put an amendment' in priations intended for one purpose to another purpose. that appropliation bill providing that all woods used in Mr. WOOD. This is simply a matter of administration. furniture for officers' quarters and for offices shall be made Mr. BLANTON. Does the chairman think it will save out of American woods and not out of African or Honduran money instead of losing money? mahogany, as is done generally by the War Department. Mr. WOOD. Yes. Mr. LAGUARDIA. And where are you going to get your Mr. STAFFORD. For many years heretofore the depart­ mahogany? ments have been restricted to the amounts carried in the Mr. COLLINS. We do not have to use mahogany. We appropriation bills. Now they are only limited by the total. have oak, maple, gum, birch, and a number of other Ameri­ They can spend the money ad libitum, irrespective of the can woods that can have applied to them a mahogany stain specific amounts carried in the paragraphs. and it is impossible for anyone to tell the difference between Mr. BLANTON. So long as the gentleman from Indiana _those woods and mahogany. [Mr. Woonl is watching, I will withdraw the point of order. 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 281 I agree with the gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. STAFFORD], ernments. He refuses to fill any vacancies in jobs made but as long as the gentleman from Indiana is watching, the vacant by death or disability or resignation. I understand Treasury is safe, so I will withdraw my reservation. that there are in his department over 5,000 vacancies. In The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the reservation will the city of New York there are over 600 such vacancies in be withdrawn. the postal service. He calls substitutes to his office under There was no objection. pain of dismissal, and yet he gives them but two hours' The CHAffiMAN. The Clerk will read. work a day. They are in a bear trap. These men are not The Clerk read as follows: receiving a living wage. As a matter of fact, they are re­ The Postmaster General is hereby authorized to pay a cash re­ ceiving a starvation wage. The Postmaster General is a ward for any invention, suggestion, or series of suggestions for an part of the administration which has created a commission improvement or economy in device, design, or process applicable to relieve unemployment. If Col. Arthur Woods wants to to the Postal Service submitted by one or more employees of the Post Offi e Department or the Postal Service which shall be get 5,000 men woTk immediately, all he needs to do is to call adopted for use and will clearly effect a material economy or in­ up the Postmaster General and get jobs for 5,000 men. crease efficiency, and for that purpose the sum of $1,500 is hereby There are 5,000 vacancies now in-the Post Office Depart­ appropriated: Provided, That the sums so paid to employees in ment. accordance with this act shall be in addition to their usual com­ pensation: Provided further, That the total amount paid under Every Cabinet officer is flying around the country asking the provisions of this act shall not exceed "$1,000 in any month Private business to give work to the unemployed-every or for any one invention or suggestion: Provided further, That Cabinet officer except the Postmaster General. He is ex­ no employee shall be paid a reward under this act until he has properly executed an agreement to the effect that the use by the empt. He stands in an independent position. He will not · United States of the invention, suggestion, or series of suggestions give the jobs he now has vacant. He is balancing his books. made by hi.m shall not form the basis of a further claim of anv What he gains for the Government will be written in losses nature upon the United States by hi.m, his heirs, or assigiL . on the books of charity. Provided further, That this appropriation shall be available for no other purpose. We in New York are giving to charity splendidly. One million dollars has been appropriated out of the city treas­ Mr. STAFFORD. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the ury to make jobs for men, and we are now going to give last word. charity to the postal employees for the winter, when the The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Wisconsin moves Postmaster General should give them jobs. What a travesty to strike out the last word. this is on the great movement in America to give work to Mr. STAFFORD. I should like to inquire why there the unemployed! should be such a general increase in the appropriation for I have been asked by every association of postal employees salaries in the offices of the First, Second, Third, and Fourth to protest against this brutality and this inhuman, this cruel Assistant Postmasters G~neral and in the office of the Solici­ policy of the Postmaster General. It can not be vindicated tor for the Post Office Department. While the committee under the present situation. The old G. 0. P. must take off is practicing economy, why should there be such increases its high hat and frock coat and put on an apron and stand in the salaries of the personnel here in Washington? and dish out soup. It can not go along with the old pride of The office of the First Assistant Postmaster General for prosperity any more. But when the Postmaster General the coming year is to receive $535,000, whereas the current defies every branch of that humane movement in this coun­ appropriation is $526,860. The office of the Second Assistant try he does something that can not be approved by the Con­ Postmaster General is to receive $444,820, whereas for the gress of the United States or by private business enterprises current year $409,180 is appropriated. The office of the of our great country. Third Assistant Postmaster General is to receive $775,890, Why do we ask business to give employment, to give men whereas the current year they are receiving $752,010. The jobs, to do something that is not needed in their business office of the Fourth Assistant Postmaster General is given but for the sake of charity? Yet we turn around and in $369,150, whereas in the current year it receives $314,270. our own postal department we find that they are not even And the office of the Solicitor for the Post Office Department filling vacancies for which Congress has appropriated is to receive $68,320 instead of $67,540 under the current money. I say to the Congress that that policy is a policy law. that is resented not only by the rank and file of the postal Mr. WOOD. This is covered by the transfer of men to employees but by every private business of the countTy. extraordinary duties on account of the foreign mails. Most Private business of the country wants to see an example in of the increase is on account of the passage of the Brook­ leadership. They want to see the Government itseli do the hart and Welch Acts. thing that the Government asks private business to do; Mr. STAFFORD. Is the Senator from Iowa responsible but the Government, instead of showing humane and kindly for thP.se increases? and merciful leadership in this tragic how·, when thousands Mr. LAGUARDIA. They approve of the idea that the are pounding the streets praying for jobs and praying for people in these positions should be getting a living wage. bread and standing at hospital doors asking even for the A man who is trying to support a family on $1,200 or $1,400 garbage that is left over, as we see it in New York, I or $1 ,600 is not getting a living wage or a living salary. say that when the Postmaster General refuses to appoint Mr. STAFFORD. I have reference to those getting from to vacancies caused by death, dismissal, or resignation he $2,400 and as high as $4,000. I agree with the sentiment is · doing a cruel, a · brutal, and an indefensible thing. expressed by the gentleman from New York. [Applause.] The CHAffiMAN. The Clerk will read. The Clerk read as follows: The Clerk read as follows: For rent, light, and fuel for first, second, and third class post CONTINGENT EXPENSES, POST OFFICE DEPARTMEN't offices, $18,500,000: Provided, however, That no part of this appro­ priation shall be available for the payment of any rents or other For stationery and blank books, index and guide cards, folders, expenses to the Commercial Station Post Office (Inc.), its agents, and binding devices, including purchase of free penalty envelopes, attorneys, representatives, or assigns, for use of premises known $20,000. as Commercial Station, at Third and Sibley Streets, St. Paul, Mr. OLIVER of New York. Mr. Chairman, I move to Minn. strike out the last word. Mr. GLOVER. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from New York moves last word. to strike out the last word. I do this, Mr. Chairman, for the purpose of calling the Mr. OLIVER of New York. Mr. Chairman, I wish to call attention of the House to the message of the President of the attention of the House to the very strange tactics of the the United States, calling our attention to the fact that we Postmaster General with reference to unemployment in are having such great waste in paying out money for rentals America. He seems to stand out in a different attitude from for post offices. the general attitude of the Government and the attitude of In this one item there is appropriated $18,500,000, and city councils and other municipal authorities and State gov- several others have just been passed which include rentals, 282 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 5 and I assume that the rentals which are now being paid Mr. McCORMACK of Massachusetts. Mr. Chairman, I would amount to more than $20,000,000 a year. move to strike out the last word. In view of the fact that The President of the United States called our attention to the next section will undoubtedly be contested in its passage that so that we might remedy it, and I trust that the party and an amendment offered to take that section out of the in power now will initiate a plan whereby we can speedily bill, and that there undoubtedly will be considerable debate and at on~e put into motion a building program that will on that motion, I want to take this opportunity of briefly give post offices where they are needed in the United States. expressing my views in relation to the provisions of section There are a great many that are needed now, where exces­ 4. If an amendment is offered, which I expect will be done sive rents are being paid, even in mY State. I can refer you by the gentleman from New York [Mr. LAGUARDIA], it is my to places where the rentals that are being paid for three intention to support the same, and I hope and trust the years would buy the property. Members of the Committee of the Whole will adopt the The United States Government can get money now at a motion when made and strike out the provisions of section less rate of interest than it has ever been able to get it 4, or any similar provisions if a motion to substitute is made for since I can remember-as low as 2 per cent--and we by· the chairman of the Committee on Appropriations. should initiate a building program for building these post As I understand it, the President recommended that cer­ offices throughout the entire United States and stop this tain salary inequities and injustices be corrected in a com­ eh.'J)ensive waste of paying rentals of this kind. Only a few munication recently sent to the Congress. That communi­ years of such rentals would supply post offices at practically cation was referred to the House Committee on Appropria­ every place they are needed. tions. This year it involved an expenditure of a little more Not only that, but if we had the buildings that are needed than $4,000t000, and to cover a 3-year period involved a · now the increased efficiency which we would bring about total increased expenditure to correct the salary injustices would increase the postal revenue so that every dollar would of about $14,400,000. That recommendation was made by come back to the Government. If the Government owned the President of the United States. That recommendation these buildings there would be efficiency and we would save was made to the Congress of the United States, but the this waste of $20,000,000 or $25,000.000 a year, which is now House Committee on Appropriations has failed to accept the cost of renting postal facilities, and we would get the the recommendation made by the President. In addition to efficiency we ought to have. failing to accept the recommendation of the President the Much has been said about relieving the distressful labor committee has heaped insult upon injury by adding to the conditions which now exist in the country. If a plan of present appropriation bill section 4, which amounts to a this kind were put into effect you would get dollar for dollar prohibition against any salary increases being made during for everything put out and scatter it to all parts of the the coming fiscal year. United States. I hope the party now in power will see fit to It is with reference to section 4 that I particularly ad­ initiate a plan which will carry out the President's recom­ dress the membership of this committee. ·It is unfair. It mendations, and if that party does not do it I hope that if is wrong. It is improper. It is directly contrary to the we are permitted on this side to organize the next House we recommendations made by the President himself. The will initiate a plan to carry out the recommendations of the President recommended affirmative relief, but in addition President. to failing to recognize or adopt the recommendations of the Mr. GREEN. Will the gentleman yield? President the committee goes farther and puts a negative Mr. GLOVER. Yes. provision in the bill which prohibits consideration by any Mr. GREEN. It would not be scattered throughout the department head of any increase in salary during the com­ country unless the plan provided for the allotment of build­ ing fiscal year. If one should die or if there should be a ings to the various districts rather than permitting one or resignation, under section 4 it is reasonable to presume two officials to erect all of the buildings in big cities. that a department head could not promote within the de­ Mr. GLOVER. That is exactly what I want to remedy. partment any employee who occupied a lower salary grade. I want a plan ,initiated that will carry these benefits to every I certainly trust, · Mr. Chairman, that when such an nook and comer of the United States where they properly amendment is offered the membership of the committee will belong. adopt the amendment and send this bill to the other branch Mr. SABATH. Mr. Chairman, three years ago, and again without this prohibition being included therein. I also hopa last year, I called the Chairman's attention to the tremen­ that when the bill reaches the other body that distiilc,ouished dous sums we are appropriating for the leasing and pur­ body will see fit to accept the recommendation made by chasing of property. I have called attention to some of the President, which I consider to be constructive, helpful, them. I was endeavoring to obtain information then. I and made in justice to the many thousands of Federal em­ have been unable to obtain the information that I was ployees who are receiving lower salaries than the Congress seeking from the department or from the Chairman. of the United States intended when they passed salary acts In view of the statements that have been made on this ·in bygone Congresses. In any event, I sincerely trust that floor by the gentleman from Minnesota and myself the section 4 will be eliminated from the bill under considera­ Senate has acted and has appointed a committee to inves- · tion. [Applause.] tigate these tremendously high rentals which the Post Office The CHAIRMAN. Th~ time of the gentleman from Department has been paying for various post offices. Since Massachusetts has expired. that time I have secured a great deal of information, and The Clerk read as follows: I ask unanimous consent that I may extend my remarks SEc. 4. No appropriation available during the fiscal year 1932 and embody in my remarks some of the statements and in­ shall be used during such fiscal year to increase the compensation formation I have received in regard to these overpayments of any position within the grade to which such position has been for leases and for the purchase of sites. allocated under the classification act of 1923, as amended, nor to increase the compensation of any position in the field service the Due to the tremendous demands upon my time I have pay of which is adjustable to cotTespond so far as may be prac­ been unable to compile the information that I have, and will ticable to the rates established by such acts as amended for the therefore be obliged to ask for additional time to enable departmental service in the District of Columbia. me to make a proper compilation of the various rentals of Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I make a point of buildings for the post offices which I consider excessive and order against the section. exorbitant. · The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman will state his point of The Clerk read as follows: order. SEc. 3. Expenditures from appropriations made herein for the Mr. LAGUARDIA. The section to which I made the point maintenance, upkeep, and repair, exclusive of garage rent, pay of of order is section 4 of the bill. Its provisions are applicable operator, fuel and lubricants, on any one passenger-carrying vehicle used by the Treasury or Post Office Department shall not not only to the appropriations contained in the bill now be­ exceed one-third of the market price of a new vehicle of the fore the committee, which provide appropriations for the same make or class and in any ease more than $500. Post Office Department and the Treasury Department, but is 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 283 applicable to all appropriations available during the fiscal pay of which is adjustable to correspond so far as may be prac­ ticable to the rates established by such act as amended for tbe year 1932 and limits the salaries in every department of departmental service in the District of Columbia." the Government in bills which are yet to come before the House. Clearly no such power ~s given to the Committee on Mr. LAGUARDIA and Mr. WOOD rose. Appropriations, and the language goes way beyond the scope Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I ask recognition in of the most extreme ruling on the amendments seeking to opposition to the amendment.' place a limitation on appropriations. The CHAffiMAN. Is the gentleman from Indiana seeking Mr. BLANTON. Will the gentleman yield? recognition? Mr. LAGUARDIA. Certainly. Mr. WOOD. No; I will seek recognition, if necessary, Mr. BLANTON. Is it in order under the Holman rule? after a while. Mr. LAGUARDIA. That has no application here at all. Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I think the gentleman Mr. BLANTON. Why not? from Indiana has the burden of proof and had better reserve Mr. LAGUARDIA. The gentleman himself made a point his time. of order against the amendment offered by the gentleman Gentlemen, this is the most costly amendment that was. from New York [Mr. O'CoNNOR] when he sought to restrict ever offered by the Committee on Appropriations because it the appropriations exactly in point to the matter now be- will simply stifle every department of the Government. It ·fore us. will create inefficiency and indifference, which · are always Mr. BLANTON. I thought possibly the purpose of this costly either in Government or in private business. It takes amendment brought it within the Holman rule. every spark of hope from every employee in the Federal Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, there is no ruling in service. It takes every incentive to better work and more the precedents with respect to limitations on appropriations efficient service away from every Government servant on the that holds that an attempt to legislate in language as broad pay roll. The only hope of promotion under existing law is as the language contained in section 4 is in order. The that caused by vacancies from time to time, and employees House might as well stop legislating if the Committee on are promoted to a higher step within a grade. The clerks or Appropriations can come in and by a proviso in an appro­ other employees are moved up one step at a time with an priation bill reach out and prevent the operation of a law increase, in all likelihood, of $60 or $120 a year. · not involved in the bill under consideration and applicable I can readily understand that the great Committee ,on to all appropriations not only in the bill before the House, Appropriations dealing with $300,000,000, $400,000,000 for but applicable to appropriations heretofore made or which flood relief and $300,000,000 for the NavY thinks that the $5 may be made hereafter. increase is so insignificant that it makes no difference to the I submit it would be most dangerous to hold a provision employee. But let me tell you that a $5 a month increase such as this in order under the decisions on limiting appro­ to a family is something they look forward to, and this $5 a priations. I press my point of order. month may result in just a little bit less worry and anxiety Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, I wish to say to the Chair to the mother V(ho is trying to make both ends meet. and to the committee that I expect the position taken by the Mr. MOORE of Virginia. Will the gentleman yield? gentleman from New York is correct. Our only reason for Mr. LAGUARDIA. I yield. offering the amendment in this form is simply to save time Mr. MOORE of Virginia. I agree with the gentleman, and and to expedite business. It is the purpose of the Commit­ I want to ask him if he has any information as to the mini­ tee on Appropriations to take the same action with respect mum salary that will be affected by this amendment if to all the bills that we have taken with respect to this one, adopted? My understanding is that there are some very and in order that we might not have this situation to con­ small salaries, and this amendment would prevent any tend with each time, we thought we would settle it on this increase. bill for all the bills. Mr. LAGUARDIA. It is so broad as to apply to every Mr. LAGUARDIA. The reverse is true if we beat you this grade. It will be the low grades that will be affected, as that time. is always the case. I submit, as suggested by the gentleman Mr. WOOD. That is true. Then beat the whole business from Massachusetts a few moments ago, that we are placing this time. ourselves in a ridiculous attitude when we on the first appro­ Mr. LAGUARDIA. We will take them one at a time. priation bill adopt a policy against the increase of salaries Mr. WOOD. And I may say to the Chairman that if the for the entire year. Oh, the Government says to industry, gentleman insists upon his point of order, we have an " Hold the line; don't discharge your employees; keep up amendment with reference to this bill that will be in order. your rate of pay, keep up your wages." How can they do Mr. LAGUARDIA. I shall insist upon my point of order, anything like that when we adopt this policy? I am sure and then we will fight the other amendment on its merits, the Committee on Appropriations is not reflecting the senti­ after we find out what is in it. ment of this House, and I want to appeal to my colleagues, The CHAffiMAN. The Chair finds that a similar ques­ do not be fooled by the cry " Stand by your committee." tion was before the Committee of the Whole on June 4, 1924 Stand by the loyal employees of the Government; stand by (Cannon's Precedents, sec. 8663), and on that occasion Wil­ the family of the employee who is trying to make both ends liam J. Graham, of Illinois, Chairman, decided, in substance meet, looking forward to an increase of $60 a year. Let us this: not be so contemptible, let us not be so mean as to write A limitation may be attached only to the money of the appro­ into this appropriation bill a provision preventing for a priation under consideration and may not be made applicable to whole year every employee in the departments of the hope moneys appropriated or to be appropriated in other acts. of going forward. If there is one incentive, whether under The Chair concurs in the decision made by Chairman the Government work or in industry, it is that of going Graham in that instance, and thinks the ruling is applicable ahead; it is that of promotion. I submit, gentlemen, that in this case. The Chair sustains the point of order. this is a matter for the House to decide; it is the responsi­ Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following amend­ bility of every Member of the House. ment. Do not be carried a way by the cry, " Stand by the Com­ The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Indiana offers an mittee on Appropriations." They are only a part of the amendment, which the Clerk will report. House, they are not infallible. Unless we vote this down The Clerk read as follows: at this time it is going to come back to us on every appro­ Amendment offered by Mr. Woon: Page 67, after line 15, insert priation bill this session. The hope of promotion is just as a new section, as follows: necessary as the salary itself. We can not expect efficient " SEC. 4. No appropriation in this act for the fiscal year 1932 services if there is to be no chance of promotion. This is not shall be used during such fiscal year to increase the compensation economy, it is most unwise and costly administration. The of any position within the grade to which sucl:i positio!l has been allocated under the classification act of 1923, as amended, nor to cost of living has not gone down. The United States Gov­ increase the compensation of any position in the field service, the ernment does not expect to go out of business. We must ·284 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 5 _keep our employees efficient and to keep them efficient we same department was so forciby brought to the attention must keep them happy. [Applause.] of Congress that a joint commission was appointed which Mr. BOYLAN. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to the in that year made a report. Mter three years of agitation · amendment. If section 4 had not been stricken out on a the classification act of 1923 became a law which divided point of order, on behalf of the delegation from the State the civil services of the United States into broad services, of New York, I had an amendment to strike it out. like the clerical, the scientific, the administrative, the cus­ Now that the section has been stricken out and an amend­ todial, and so forth, and erected in each broad service a ment has been proposed by the chairman of the Committee number of grades in accordance with the difficulty and im­ on Appropriations, I trust that that amendment will not portance of the work in each grade, and fixed a certain prevail. range of salary rates for such grade. For example, a I regret exceedingly to have to differ with the able chair­ clerical grade might spread over $1,200, $1,260, $1,320, $1,380, man of the Committee on Appropriations, but this is a and possibly up to $1;440. The act provided that new mighty poor time to deny relief to the employees of the entrants, when allocated to a position within a grade, should Government in this small increase in salary. start in at the lowest salary and that with meritorious work It really puts us in a. ridiculous position. We passed this and satisfactory ratings they should from time to time, in legislation only a year ago. The gentleman from California the discretion of the head of the department, step from one (Mr. WELCH] worked mighty hard in perfecting it, especially salary rate to the other, until, if they remained long enough, so as to reach the low-salaried employees. Now when the and their work was satisfactory enough, they would receive proposed allocation has been made for the employees of this the highest rate in that grade. In the Postal Service we slight increase, you are going to dash every hope that he has. have these steps automatically annually. In the civil serv­ Perhaps this small increase was designed to send the chil­ ice generally it is at the discretion of the head of the dren to school to get a little better education. Perhaps .it department. might have been predicated on a desire to do away with the About three years ago there was a demand, and in re­ old car and get a little better one. sponse thereto Congress passed the Weich Act, increasing Perhaps it might have been based on a hope to get a new the salary or pay in the grades of these services, and the fur coat for the Missus; perhaps it might be expected to use increases were generally applicable in the clerical and it for a suit of clothes or a little better clothing for the subprofessional and in some instances in the professional children. Are we going here now to destroy the opportunity, services. They did not touch the field. The field has never at least for this year, of carrying out these laudable pur­ been actually classified. By the· field I mean every em..; poses? I do not see anybody amongst the membership of ployee of the Government who is not working physically the House volunteering to take a reduction in his salary on and actually in -the District of Columbia. account of hard times. I have not heard of anyone around The Committee on Appropriations since the classification this chamber starting a movement to cut 10 per cent of our act had gone into effect has placed a rider upon appro· salaries for the current year, to be used for charitable priation bills, and there was no objection to that, that the purposes. If we are going to deny something that is mani­ average salary in a unit should not exceed the average of festly due to the employees, why not practice the same thing the various salary rates within the grade. In other words, on ourselves. We can stand it better than the fellow getting if the salaries range from $1,200 to $1,400, the average $1,800, or $1,500, or $2,000, or $2,500. How many men are salary of the aggregate of the clerks within that grade there sitting here now who are willing to stand up and say could not exceed $1,300. Some would be at the average and that they will take a cut, a reduction in their salary for as many must be below as above. the present year of 10 per cent, to be devoted to charity The administration found that in very many of the in the District of Columbia, or in any other part of the bureaus and divisions and services of the departments the United States? I would like to have those gentlemen willing average salary under the classification act was away below to do that stand up and be counted. Let us be fair and the average of the rates that had been fixed for those grades reasonable. These amounts may b~ small in themselves, in which the employees were allocated; and in order to but they mean an awful lot to these people. As a matter of carry out the intent of Congress when it passed the classi­ fact, since I came to Washington I have never been able to fication act in 1923 and when it amended it under the Welsh understand how the Government could keep the splendid Act in 1927 and the Brookhart Act of 1930, estimates were employees it has on the meager salaries they receive, and submitted, approved by the Budget, and with the approval of I have often thought that many of the employees working the President submitted here. They did not meet with the for the salaries they receive here and elsewhere, should be approval of the Committee on Appropriations, and that subjected to a psychopathic examination to find why they committee eliminated the estimate and inserted section 4, accept such small and meager rem\lD.eration for their which was unprecedented. I do not know of a time in the efforts. history of this Government or in the history of any State In all fairness, inasmuch as nobody has responded to my or municipal government where the administration was so appeal for a vote to accept a reduction of our salaries for divested of discretion in dealing with personnel problems. this year, let us not reduce these poor employees, because the [Applause.] increase is really just and is due them; and if you deny it to The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. them it is just the same as if you put your hand in their Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman and members of the com­ pocket and took it out. I trust that the amendment offered mittee, this amendment will not reduce the salary of a by the gentleman from Indiana will be rejected. single employee of the Government anywhere, so that all this Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that talk about reducing the salaries is unfounded. The fact is all debate upon this amendment close in five minutes. that the committee, in taking the position it has assumed, The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? has considered the economic condition of the country and Mr. LEHLBACH. Mr. Chairman, reserving the right to concluded that we should not increase these salaries in the object, will the gentleman make that 10 minutes and give amount of $4,264,000, as suggested, at a time when 4,000,000 men and women are out of employment, without a day's me 5? work. Mr. WOOD. Yes. I modify my request to that extent, Under these conditions, we do not think we should pro­ Mr. Chairman. vide an increase o( compensation to the employees of the The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Indiana asks United States. They are better paid now than at any time unanimous consent that all debate upon this amendment be in the history of the country. There is no occasion for an closed in 10 minutes. Is there objection? inct:ease in their wages such as ·there was when previous There was no objection. increases were granted. We have increased the salaries of Mr. LEHLBACH. Mr. Chairman, along about 1920 the Government employees more than $25,000,000 in two years. question of the inequalities of compensation for like work What employees outside of the Government have had their in the various departments and in the various offices in the salaries increased in the same proportion anywhere? 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 285 I am proud to .say that the labor leaders in this country, mendation that the amendment be agreed to and that the when this disaster spread over the country, agreed that they bill as amended do pass. would not ask for an increase of wages, and they have kept Mr. WOOD. Mr. Speaker, I move the previous question the faith. That is to their credit. Now, in the face of that, on the bill and the amendmer..ts thereto to final passage. why should Members of Congress come here arid voluntarily The previous question was ordered. vote for an increase of $4,250,000 to the Government em­ The SPEAKER. The question is on the amendment. ployees when there is such suffering throughout the land? The question was taken, and the Speaker announced that We have increased these governmental salaries, as I say, the ayes appeared 'to have it. time and time again, since 1920, the date that the gentleman Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Speaker, I ask for the yeas and from New Jersey [Mr. LEHLBACH] has spoken of, and those nays. increases were based on the fact that they were necessary The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New York asks for · on account of the increased cost of living. Then, according the yeas and nays. All in favor of taking the vote by the to the logic of the matter, when the cost of living has fallen, yeas and nays will rise and stand until counted. [After we might begin to lower these salaries. counting.] Thirty-five Members have arisen, not a sufficient But have you ever heard of wages or salaries being lowered number. when once fixed? Not once, and you never will hear of such So the yeas and nays were refused. a thing. In the last two years the cost of living has gone The amendment was agreed to. down, and . yet we are asked to increase these salaries. The SPEAKER. The question is on the engrossment and There is no disposition on the part of this committee to deny third reading of the bill. the right to men to amend and remove these inequalities; The question was taken; and the bill was ordered to be but not now. These people are not suffering, while people engrossed, read a third time, and was read the third time. outside are suffering. ' Therefore I think this is not the time Mr. LINTIDCUM. Mr. Speaker, I have a motion to re- for Congress to do this, in view of the prevailing conditions. commit. In my district I have some of the greatest manufacturing The SPEAKER. Is the gentleman opposed to the bill? industries in the country. How do they meet the situation? Mr. LINTHICUM. I am. They have agreed to give their employees two or three days' The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the motion. work a week. No such action has been taken by the United The Clerk read as follows: States Government. Every one of its employees is occupy­ Mr. LINTHICUM moves to recommit the bill to the Committee on ing full time, and every one is receiving full wage at the Appropriations with instructions to forthwith report the same hands of the best paymaster in the world. The city of back to the House with the following amendment: Add to the end of the bill the following as a new section: . Washington to-day is in a better condition than any city of " That no money herein appropriated shall be used in the prepa­ its size in the world, because of the fact that the pay roll Tation or issue of any permit for the removal or use of any indus­ comes regularly and in full and in payment for full time. trial alcohol known to be denatured by any deadly poisonous But, gentlemen, it is an easy matter for us to lend our­ drug." ' selves to these appeals that are coming from the organized The SPEAKER. The question is on the motion to employees of Uncle Sam here. But there are many millions recommit. of people who have not immediate representation here. The question was taken, and the Speaker announced that There are 120,000,000 people in this country who are making the noes appeared to have it. sacrifices by reason of this unprecedented economic condi­ Mr. LINTHICUM. Mr. Speaker, I ask for the yeas and tion. Are we to be blamed, then, in setting an example nays. under such conditions by declining to raise the compen­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Maryland asks that sation of those now employed by the Federal Government? this vote be taken by yeas and nays. All in favor thereof [Applause.] will rise and remain standing until counted. [After count­ Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, as I understand it, the ing.] Thirty-six Members have arisen-not a sufficient original provision went out on a point of order, and this number. is an amendment offered by the gentleman from Indiana The yeas and nays were refused. [Mr. WooDJ? So the motion to recommit was rejected. The CHAIRMAN. Yes. The gentleman from Indiana The SPEAKER. The question is on the passage of the offered the amendment which is now pending. bill. Mr. O'CONNELL. Mr. Chairman, may we have it read The question was taken, and the bill was passed. again? On motion of Mr. WooD, a motion to reconsider the vote The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will again report the amend- by which the bill was passed was laid on the table. ment. The amendment was again read. FEDERAL TAXATION The CHAffiMAN. The question is on agreeing to the Mr. HAWLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to amendment. extend my remarks in the RECORD by printing some remarks The question was taken, and the Chairman announced that I made before the American Mining Congress. that the noes seemed to have it. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Oregon asks unani­ Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, I call for a division. mous consent to extend his remarks in the RECORD in the The CHAIRMA-~. A division is called for. manner indicated. Is there objection? The committee divided; and there were-ayes 139, noes 90. There was no objection. So the amendment was agreed to. Mr. HAWLEY. Mr. Speaker, under the leave to extend Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, I move that the committee my remarks in the RECORD, I include the following speech by do now rise and report the bill to the House with the me before the American Mining Congress at the Mayflower amendment, with the recommendation that the amendment Hotel on December 4, 1930: be agreed to and that the bill as amended do pass. The Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation was created The motion was agreed to. by section 1203 of the revenue act of 1926, to consist of five mem­ Accordingly the committee rose; and the Speaker having bers of the Committee on Finance of the Senate and five members resumed the chair, Mr. MICHENER, Chairman of the Com­ of the Committee on Ways· and Means of the Bouse of Representa­ tives, chosen by the Finance Committee and Ways and Means mittee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, having Committee, respectiveiy. · had under consideration the bill (H. R. 14246) making appro­ The duties of the joint committee are defined as follows: priations for the Treasury and Post Office Departments for (1) To investigate the operation and effects of the Federal sys­ 30, 1932, tem of internal-revenue taxes. •the fiscal year ending June and for other purposes, (2) To investigate the administration of such taxes by the Bu­ 1·eported that that committee had directed him to report reau of Internal Revenue or any executive department, establish­ the bill to the House with an amendment, with the recom- ment, or agency charged with their administration. 286 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 5.

(3) To mak~ such other investigations in respect of such system 7. Evasion Qf .surtaxes by incorporation. of taxes as the joint committee may deem necessary. 8. Consolidated returns. (4) To investigate measures and methods for the simplification 9. Interest provisions. of such taxes, particularly the income tax. 10. Board of Tax Appeals. ( 5) And to publish from time to time, for public examination 11. Statute of Limitations. and analysis, proposed measures and methods for the simplifica­ The remainihg eight subjects, included in the original list tion of such taxes. approved, are still under investigation and are as follows: (6) It has authority to investigate income-tax returns and to 1. Inventories. be furnished with information as to the administration of the 2. The surtax. internal revenue laws. 3. Credits allowed individuals. (7) It has authority to hold hearings whenever and wherever 4r Publication of statistics. it may deem advisable; to require, by subprenas or otherwise, the 5. Closing old tax returns. attendance of witnesses, the production of books, papers, and 6. Loss of revenue through gifts and trusts. documents· to administer oaths; and to take testimony. 7. Foreign corporatlons. (8) It ~an employ expert, clerical, stenographic, and other 8. Valuation methods. services. Since this original list of subjects was selected for research, the The first deficiency act, 1927, included the following language: following additional reports have been approved and reported on "Provided, That no part of this appropriation shall J:>e available to the committee by its staff. for paying any claim allowed in excess of $75,000 until after the 1. Federal taxation of life-insurance companies. expiration of 60 days from the date upon which a report giving 2. Federal taxation of mutual. lnsurance companies other than the name of the person to whom the refund is to be made, the life. amount of the refund, and a summary of the facts and the deci­ 3. Revised report on earned income. sion of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue is submitted to the 4. Supplemental report on capital gains and losses. Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation." · There is now in process of preparation the following additional This was made permanent law in section 710 of the revenue act reports not already mentioned : of 1928, in the following language: 1. Federal and State death taxes. "SEc. 710. Refunds and credits to be referred to joint com­ 2. Incidence of the corporation tax. mittee. No refund or credit of any income, war-profits, excess­ 3. Tax-exempt corporations. profits, estate, or gift tax in excess of $75,000 shall be made after 4. Double taxation. the enactment of this act until after the expiration of 30 days 5. Taxation of corporate reorganizations. from the date upon which a report giving the name of the person Besides these reports on technical subjects, the committee also ·to whom the refund or credit is to be made, the amount of such makes an annual report in connection with its examination of all refund or credit, and a summary of the facts and the decision of current refunds of over $75,000. In addition to the above investigations covering the field of the the Commissioner of Internal Revenue is submitted to the Joint operation and effect of· our internal revenue laws and their ad­ Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation. A report to Congress ministration, the committee has also made two advances in the shall be made annually by such committee of such refunds and direction of simplification; first, by advocating the change in credits, including the names of all persons and corporations. to arrangement of the income tax act made effective by the revenue whom amounts are credited or payments are made, together w1th act of 1928; and, second, by preparing a codlfication of internal the amounts credited or paid to each." revenue laws which contains all the permanent law on this The Congress recognized that the Committees on Finance and subject. on Ways and Means, burdened with legislation covering a wide · The preparation of this codification has been a long and pains­ field, including many subjects , other than tax legislation, were taking task, but the document is now in the hands of the printer unable to give internal-revenue legislation the continual and and will soon be available for distribution. The codification, exhaustive study and investigation which such technical and com­ while making no change in the substantive law, rean-anges the plicated laws -required. A working knowledge of tax legislation provisions in one volume, omitting all obsolete, repealed, or tem­ includes constant observation, not only of the regulations made porary provisions. It is hoped that this codification can be sub­ by the Treasury Department but also of the continual application mitted to Congress with the cooperation of the Committee on the of the regulations to the tens of thousands of varying cases de­ Revision of the Laws and can be enacted into absolute law. It cided under them; of the rulings of the United States Board of will be recalled that our present United States Code is only prima Tax Appeals; and of the decisions of the Federal courts, which are facie evidence of the law. If our hopes are realized, we will have the final determinations of the meaning of the law. · a complete statement of all our internal revenue laws in one title In many respects our tax laws are a growth rather than a well­ of the United States Code, and this will furnish an excellent basis digested and properly balanced code of laws. Our income tax for all future amendments and simplification programs. laws are comparatively new in our system and have not yet The members of the American Mining Congress are, of course. assumed a final form. Experience furnishes the information that now especially interested in the hearing · before the joint com­ will enable Congress to enact enduring legislation, and experience mittee to be held on December 9. This hearing was decided is interpreted by investigations. Tax legislation is not per se on by the committee last July, although it represented a depar­ partisan legislation. The principal purpose, then, in establishing ture from their usual custom to leave public hearings to the the joint committee was to form a nonpartisan body which could Committees on Finance and on Ways and Means. In this case, devote itself entirely to internal-revenue matters. however, the subject of depletion, on which a hearing was re­ Reference to section 1203 of the revenue act of 1926 already quested by representatives of the mining industry, is such a mentioned will show that the main function of the committee ls technical subject as seems worthy of special discussion. Also, research work. This research work can be classified into three the committee has before it the preliminary report of its staff, parts: First, investigations of the operation and effect of the which indicates that the equity of our present system is doubt­ internal revenue laws; second, investigations as to the administra­ ful, and recommends the study of methods which give some tion of such laws by executive departments; and third, investiga­ promise of securing a better distribution of depletion with tions of means and methods for improving or simplifying the greater simplicity. internal revenue laws. The law authorizes the committee to em­ The attitude of the joint committee on this subject, or, for ploy the necessary experts to carry on the work, and also provides that matter, any other that it considers, is that it wants the that the results of their researches may be published for the facts. It desires to hear the views of those who have given the benefit of Congress and the public. subject careful thought, no matter how divergent these views The staff employed by the committee is able and experienced may be. Out of discussion which is conducted on a high plane, and is under the competent direction of Mr. L. H. Parker. with due regard to the varying interests represented-l- there will The revenue act of 1928 cited above directed the Treasury to often come light. I feel sure the committee will not recommend report to the committee and defer payment thereof for a period a change of doubtful propriety nor refuse to change a system of 30 days all refunds ln excess of $75,000. While no power of which can plainly be improved. It must, of course, be kept in approval or disapproval ls vested in the committee, this a just what you intend to do with the $150,000,000. War Department appropriation bill. 288 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 5 . MONDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1930 By Mr. MANSFIELD: A bill (H. R. 14564) to provide for COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION the early completion of the works of improvement on the 00 a.m.> adopted and authorized river and harbor projects, including the connecting channels of the Great Lakes, and to au­ To extend the provisions of certain laws relating to voca­ thorize the issuance of bonds therefor; to the Committee tional education and civilian rehabilitation to Porto Rico. on Ways and Means. (H. R. 12901.) By Mr. REECE: A bill