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News and Comment News and Comment The Soviet-Argentine UFO Blitz—Solved Some of the most dramatic and widely The lead investigator is James E. witnessed UFO sightings in recent years Oberg, a computer scientist at NASA's have come in a series of reports from the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Soviet Union and Argentina. In 1980 whose specialty is orbital operations and 1981 press accounts told of a blitz and the Soviet space program. He is of high-flying UFOs seen by tens of author of Red Star in Orbit and a new thousands of people in these and book, UFOs and Outer Space Mys­ neighboring countries. teries. The most sensational sighting was The investigation identified the on June 14, 1980. Thousands of people cause of the series of encounters as the in central Russia saw it. Reports said increased launch rate of a secret Soviet many were frightened, thinking it might space satellite network, consisting of be a nuclear attack. An hour later, half a dozen orbiting "eye-in-the-sky" residents of Chile, Argentina, Brazil, payloads designed to monitor missile and Uruguay reported seeing a similar firings around the world. According to object. It was even photographed. Oberg, what the eyewitnesses in South Hypothetical explanations abound­ America and Eastern Europe actually ed. Flying saucer enthusiasts were saw on the night of June 14, 1980, were convinced they had seen an alien craft. various phases of the launching of the "It was a truly terrifying sight," said one Kosmos-1188 military "Early Warn­ frequently quoted UFO "expert," ing" satellite (or "EW" satellite) from himself an eyewitness. "1 instantly the supersecret Plesetsk center north of realized that the reddish crescent simply Moscow. had to be an extraterrestrial spacecraft." "The Russian observers saw the Allan Hendry, of the Center for booster contrails backlit by the mid­ UFO Studies in Illinois, was far more night sun," Oberg explained. "An hour cautious. Hendry said he believed there later, it was early evening in South was a natural explanation. "The prob­ America and the people there saw the lem is that we haven't found out what it rocket's last stage fire after completing could have been!" a coast in its parking orbit." Following Now the prosaic solution to this that rocket firing, the fourth stage UFO blitz has been uncovered by apparently dumped its excess fuel, skeptical UFO investigators, members creating a spherical, expanding cloud of the UFO Subcommittee of CSICOP. that was seen over a wide area. 2 THE SKEPTICAL INQUIRER 60'E Kosmos-1188's first-orbit path, June 14, 1980. During liftoff and staging (A and B) multiple engines create "jellyfish" effect and four strap-on sections fall away, trailing smoke. Fourth- stage ignition (E) followed by separation of payload and venting of excess fuel (F) occur high above west coast of South America. Satellites of the Kosmos-l188 type traffic controllers. (One tower operator are placed in elongated 12-hour orbits described the cloud as taking off from with high points over North America his runway, then shooting up to 25.000 and low points over the Southern feet; it was actually at an altitude of two Hemisphere. They serve as missile- million feet.) Other witnesses told how launch observation platforms. In the the UFO responded to their presence past three years, the launch rate of these and even their thoughts, by changing its vehicles has doubled, reaching almost motion, or by chasing them. half a dozen per year. According to the British Flying "This UFO apparition once again Saucer Review, widely considered the highlights the extent of distortion and best UFO magazine in the world, the misperception that can surround even event was "the most staggering UFO simple visual stimuli in the sky," Oberg story ever to come out of Russia, and cautioned. In Russia, eyewitnesses certainly one of the most fascinating yet reported that the UFO zigzagged and produced anywhere in the world." circled cities; in two cases, according to Added Gordon Creighton. a British Soviet UFO "expert" Feliks Zigel. land­ expert with extensive overseas contacts. ing craft from the UFO set down on the "I cannot see how they could fail to be streets of Moscow and disgorged small true." alien pilots. In Argentina, gross errors J. Allen Hynek, director of the in judging its range and speed were Center for UFO Studies, was quoted as consistently made by pilots and air- saying that the case was "one of the Fall 1982 3 most astonishing in years." flying saucer.) "The sensationalist media behaved "The cloud effect was a little with typical indiscriminate gullibility," tougher to figure out," recalled Oberg, said Oberg. "The original accounts although similar events had been seen were relayed without critical analysis or and recognized by Moonwatch satellite- any apparent attempts at independent trackers over the years, according to verification." Oddly enough, the two experts at the Smithsonian Astrophysi- separate events in Argentina and Rus­ cal Observatory in Cambridge, Mass. sia have yet to be synchronized in the But similar reports of UFOs over South UFO media. The Argentine UFO was America had come in on February 11, first mentioned in the Star, on August 1980, and on October 31, 1981, and a 26, 1980; accounts of the Russian UFO quick check of space records showed were published in the National Enquirer that these events, too, followed the on July 7, 1981. launchings of Soviet EW satellites by Oberg compared both reports and just one hour. A closer analysis of assumed they were from the same event. tracking data by Oberg showed that the "A great circle orbit connecting the two fourth-stage ignition takes place just off locations would have taken a typical the coast of Chile, and it was to this satellite about one hour, which is in fact event that he was able to tie the three the actual time difference," said Oberg. UFO sightings. "The orbit would also have had an "The February 1980 event was seen inclination of about 65°, which is and photographed by Dr. Terry Oswalt typical of Soviet military satellites— at the Cerro Tololo Interamerican that was the first real clue, based on Observatory in Chile," said Oberg, purely geographic evidence." The "and his precise data pinpoints the actual orbit of K.osmos-1188 turned out trajectory of the Soviet rocket." Mean- to have an inclination of 62.8°, con­ while, eyewitnesses in Chile were firming Oberg's original logic. reporting television interference and "Although it was easy to place car-chases by the flying saucer, ac­ Kosmos-1188 at the location of the counts that Oberg contends were totally UFO apparition, moving in the correct imaginary or coincidental. direction, the next problem involved The October 31, 1981, event was identifying a physical cause for the widely seen in Argentina. Two pilots visual stimulus, since rockets are small landing at the Cordoba airport indepen­ objects that don't normally appear as dently described a "bright, round, huge clouds or plumes." But Oberg made the object in the middle of which there was next breakthrough with the aid of another, smaller bright object." This independent records of other, similar actually was the launching of Kosmos- manifestations. 1317. The February 1980 event had "The launch plume effect had been associated with the launch of already been extensively documented in Kosmos-1164. the case of the Petrozavodsk 'jellyfish More such UFO reports can be UFO' of September 20, 1977," Oberg expected in the future, Oberg notes. said. "There, a launching of a spy "Only this particular type of satellite satellite from Plesetsk was widely seen performs a fourth-stage rocket burn in northwest Russia, since the contrails 400 miles above the southeast Pacific from the 4 A.M. launch were being lit by Ocean, but when it does, and when the the rising sun" (5/, Fall/Winter 1977, launch time is appropriate for lighting pp. 10-11). (Russian UFO proponents and the weather is clear, South Ameri­ still insist that this UFO was a genuine cans are going to be seeing more UFOs 4 THE SKEPTICAL INQUIRER in this series." "Anybody in the West who believes "What is significant about this these men can provide useful UFO data event is not the solution itself," Oberg simply hasn't been paying attention to said, "but the disturbing implications their recent products." One of the best for the validity of similar eyewitness examples of this Western naivete, accounts elsewhere." The spurious according to Oberg, is the recent highly reports of television interference and praised Soviet Academy of Sciences chases, the grossly inaccurate estimates statistical study of UFO reports. The of range, motion, and speed, and the finding—that UFO reports seem genu­ wild stories of jet chases and even inely bizarre—is based solely on mathe­ landed aliens and telepathic messages matical manipulation of highly ques­ from the UFO, all must be dismissed as tionable data from Zigel's private files. invalid. "In computer science we have an "These details can be justifiably appropriate aphorism," Oberg quip­ disregarded in formulating a 'solution' ped. "Garbage in, garbage out." Yet the to these UFO cases," Oberg asserted. Soviet data has been widely circulated "They are 'noise,' accidental and incon­ as accurate in Western UFO circles. sequential false trails that, if foolishly trusted, could have forever frustrated any chance of solving the real UFO Astronomy and Creationism: manifestation." Other UFO cases, The Evolving Universe where the prosaic stimulus has not yet been identified, may also be accom­ Most discussions of the creationist panied by such unrecognizably false threat to science (including all 12 books clues that need never be explained— listed on page 73 of the Spring 1982 indeed, they must be thrown in the trash issue of SI focus on issues of biological can before any explanation is attempt­ evolution.
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