DOCSLIB.ORG

Master Reference

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Master Reference Master Les troubles du spectre de l'autisme : troubles de genre ? l'autisme comme défi à la binarité des genres ISEPPI, Clara Abstract Historiquement considéré comme un trouble majoritairement masculin, l'autisme touche néanmoins une fraction non négligeable de filles et de femmes. Ce constat a emmené des chercheurs de divers domaines scientifiques, dont notamment la psychiatrie ou la neuroscience, à étudier les caractéristiques et les particularités des femmes atteintes de troubles du spectre de l'autisme. Ce mémoire a pour objet l'autisme à travers le prisme du genre. Une analyse d'un corpus d'articles biomédicaux de ces dix dernières années sur la question de l'autisme et les différences entre les sexes, conjuguée à une méthodologie inspirée de la critique féministe des sciences a ainsi permis de mettre en avant l'état des recherches sur le genre et l'autisme. De plus, cette analyse met en lumière les négociations qui ont lieux au sein de ces disciplines quand les notions de sexe et/ou de genre sont chamboulées. Effectivement, les théories genrées majeures autour de l'autisme permettent de mettre en avant un certain trouble de genre par le défi que semblent poser les individus autistes au dogme de la binarité des genres. [...] Reference ISEPPI, Clara. Les troubles du spectre de l'autisme : troubles de genre ? l'autisme comme défi à la binarité des genres. Master : Univ. Genève, 2020 Available at: http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:145062 Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version. 1 / 1 Université de Genève Faculté des sciences de la société Master en Études genre Les troubles du spectre de l’autisme : troubles de genre ? L’autisme comme défi à la binarité des genres Clara Iseppi Août-septembre 2020 Sous la direction de Prof. Delphine Gardey Mémoire de maîtrise en études genre Clara Iseppi Remerciements En premier lieu, je tiens à remercier Delphine Gardey pour avoir accepté de m’encadrer dans cette étude, ainsi que pour son aide et ses encouragements pendant la rédaction de ce mémoire. Merci à Lionel pour son soutien pendant l’écriture de ce travail. Enfin, merci à ma mère pour sa patience et son aide. 2 Mémoire de maîtrise en études genre Clara Iseppi Liste des abréviations ADI-R : Autism diagnostic interview ADOS: Autism diagnostic observation scale APA : American Psychiatric Association ASD : Autism spectrum disorders ASSQ : Autism spectrum screening questionnaire CARS: Childhood autism rating scale CFTMEA-R : Classification française des troubles mentaux de l’enfant et de l’adolescent CHAT/M-CHAT : Modified checklist for autism in toddlers CIM : Classification Internationale des Maladies Mentales DSM : Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IRM: Imagerie par résonnance magnétique NCBI : National Center for Biotechnology Information OMS : Organisation mondiale de la santé SCQ : Social communication questionnaire TD : Typically developing TED : Troubles envahissants du développement TED-NOS : Troubles envahissants du développement non spécifiés TSA : Trouble du Spectre de l’Autisme 3 Mémoire de maîtrise en études genre Clara Iseppi Résumé Historiquement considéré comme un trouble majoritairement masculin, l’autisme touche néanmoins une fraction non négligeable de filles et de femmes. Ce constat a emmené des chercheurs de divers domaines scientifiques, dont notamment la psychiatrie ou la neuroscience, à étudier les caractéristiques et les particularités des femmes atteintes de troubles du spectre de l’autisme. Ce mémoire a pour objet l’autisme à travers le prisme du genre. Une analyse d’un corpus d’articles biomédicaux de ces dix dernières années sur la question de l’autisme et les différences entre les sexes, conjuguée à une méthodologie inspirée de la critique féministe des sciences a ainsi permis de mettre en avant l’état des recherches sur le genre et l’autisme. De plus, cette analyse met en lumière les négociations qui ont lieux au sein de ces disciplines quand les notions de sexe et/ou de genre sont chamboulées. Effectivement, les théories genrées majeures autour de l’autisme permettent de mettre en avant un certain trouble de genre par le défi que semblent poser les individus autistes au dogme de la binarité des genres. Ces théories représentent ainsi des moyens de remise en ordre du brouillage apparent de genre qui s’observe. 4 Mémoire de maîtrise en études genre Clara Iseppi TABLE DES MATIÈRES LISTE DES ABRÉVIATIONS 3 RÉSUMÉ 4 INTRODUCTION 7 I. TROUBLES DU SPECTRE DE L’AUTISME ET GENRE : QUEL EST LE PROBLÈME ? 8 1.1. Problématique 8 1.1.1. Les troubles du spectre de l’autisme : brève introduction 8 1.1.2. Question de recherche 14 1.1.3. Enjeux et apports de la recherche 16 1.1.4. Plan de travail 18 2.1. Cadre théorique 19 3.1. Sources et méthodologie 21 3.1.1. Provenance et nature des données 21 3.1.2. Méthode de récolte et d’analyse des données 22 3.1.3. Choix des articles 24 II. LES TROUBLES DU SPECTRE DE L’AUTISME : DES TROUBLES AU MASCULIN ? 27 2.1. Les troubles du spectre de l’autisme 27 2.1.1. Bref historique 28 2.1.2. Les changements de 1970-1980 : les classifications internationales 30 2.1.3. L’évaluation diagnostique : principaux outils 34 2.1.4. Principales explications étiologiques 35 2.1.5. TSA et la différence sexe/genre : les grandes lignes 37 Étiologie 38 Phénotype féminin unique 39 Influences socio-culturelles 39 2.2. Présentation du corpus et analyse 40 2.3. Les théorisations genrées des TSA 45 2.3.1. Le phénotype autistique féminin 45 Tableau clinique différent 45 Différences dans les symptômes cardinaux 48 2.3.2. La théorie du cerveau masculin extrême 50 2.3.3. La théorie de l’incohérence de genre 53 2.3.4. Génétique 55 III. LES TROUBLES DU SPECTRE DE L’AUTISME : DES « TROUBLES DE GENRE » ? 57 5 Mémoire de maîtrise en études genre Clara Iseppi 3.1. La critique féministe des sciences : outils pour analyser le cas de l’autisme 57 3.1.1. La recherche des différences entre les sexes 58 3.1.2. Le cadre binaire des genres 59 3.1.3. Les notions de sexe et de genre : trouble dans les définitions 61 3.1.4. « L’individu autiste » : création d’un corps intelligible 64 3.2. Le cerveau comme site de la différence des sexes : les apports des Critical neurosciences et l’application aux troubles du spectre de l’autisme 65 3.2.1. Le dimorphisme sexuel au niveau du cerveau : définitions et théories 65 Brain organization theory 67 La latéralisation cérébrale 69 La connexion interhémisphérique 70 3.2.2. Les Critical neurosciences : outils et concepts 71 Méthodes de comparaison et surestimation des différences 73 La vision essentialiste des différences entre les sexes 74 3.2.3. La primauté de la classification binaire du masculin et du féminin 76 3.3. « Trouble dans le genre » : l’autisme comme défi au paradigme de la binarité des genres 78 3.3.1. Les apports des théories féministes queer 78 3.3.2. Le sexe comme construction : illustration à travers le cas de l’autisme 79 3.3.3. Les troubles du spectre de l’autisme : défi à l’ordre binaire des genres ? 81 CONCLUSIONS 87 SOURCES 90 Ressources en ligne 95 Corpus d’analyse 96 6 Mémoire de maîtrise en études genre Clara Iseppi Introduction La revue scientifique spécialisée Autism publia en 2017 un numéro spécial 1 sur l’autisme au féminin, s’inscrivant ainsi dans l’intérêt grandissant de la communauté scientifique pour la présentation des troubles autistiques chez les filles et les femmes. Les troubles du spectre de l’autisme, historiquement définis comme des troubles affectant de surcroît les hommes, sont de plus en plus acceptés comme pouvant aussi toucher les femmes. Cependant, l’image d’un trouble masculin prévaut encore dans une majorité de travaux scientifiques en la matière, et la présentation féminine est considérée comme une anormalité du tableau clinique classique de l’autisme. Les outils et les échelles d’évaluation diagnostiques se fondent d’ailleurs quasi- exclusivement sur cette présentation masculine des symptômes. Or la prévalence féminine de l’autisme, bien que faible, n’est pas nulle, ainsi comment expliquer ce phénomène ? Quelles causes biologiques, génétiques ou autres peuvent apporter des éclaircissements sur comment des femmes puissent être atteintes d’un trouble masculin ? Ces questionnements ont été le commencement d’une analyse plus approfondie des recherches autour de la prévalence biaisée de l’autisme, notamment telle qu’elle est menée dans le cadre des neurosciences et de la psychiatrie. Ces problématiques m’ont ainsi emmener à me poser des questions plus larges sur les notions de sexe et de genre telles qu’elles sont pensées et travaillées dans ces disciplines scientifiques. Une étude détaillé d’un corpus précis traitant des questions de sexe et de genre dans le cas de l’autisme m’ont permis de mettre en avant les défis qui émergent quand on fait face à un trouble qui semble toucher un sexe plus que l’autre. Les préjugés et les stéréotypes de genre s’insinuent dans les hypothèses mêmes des chercheurs, et des certitudes semblant aller de soi paraissent ébranlées. Des différences strictes entre les sexes sont posées comme préambule dans la majorité des recherches traitant de la question de la prévalence inégale entre hommes et femmes dans l’autisme. Or ceci, dans le cadre d’une approche féministe qu’est la mienne, appelle à se poser « toutes sortes de questions dérangeantes » (Butler, 2006 : p.217) sur ce que sont ces différences, mais aussi autour des notions de sexe ou de genre. Car loin d’être anodines, les caractérisations faites par les disciplines scientifiques sur les questions de sexe, de genre et des différences entre hommes et femmes ont des effets tangibles sur les objets qu’ils étudient.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 9780295744117.Pdf (3.082Mb)
    Feminist Technosciences Rebecca Herzig and Banu Subramaniam, Series Editors 1r.Roy, Molecular Feminisms.indd 1 1/28/19 1:10 PM 1r.Roy, Molecular Feminisms.indd 2 1/28/19 1:10 PM Molecular Feminisms BIOLOGY, BECOMINGS, AND LIFE IN THE LAB DEBOLEENA ROY University of Washington Press Seattle 1r.Roy, Molecular Feminisms.indd 3 1/28/19 1:10 PM Publication of this open monograph was the result of Emory University’s participa- tion in TOME (Toward an Open Monograph Ecosystem), a collaboration of the Association of American Universities, the Association of University Presses, and the Association of Research Libraries. TOME aims to expand the reach of long-form humanities and social science scholarship including digital scholarship. Additionally, the program looks to ensure the sustainability of university press monograph pub- lishing by supporting the highest quality scholarship and promoting a new ecology of scholarly publishing in which authors’ institutions bear the publication costs. Funding from Emory University and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation made it possible to open this publication to the world. www.openmonographs.org Copyright © 2018 by Deboleena Roy Printed and bound in the United States of America Interior design by Thomas Eykemans Composed in Chaparral, typeface designed by Carol Twombly Cover design by Katrina Noble Cover photograph by Kheyal Roy-Meighoo and Koan Roy-Meighoo 22 21 20 19 5 4 3 2 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • Book of Abstracts Neurogenderings III: the 1St International Dissensus Conference on Brain and Gender – Book of Abstracts
    Book of Abstracts NeuroGenderings III: The 1st international Dissensus Conference on brain and gender – Book of abstracts TABLE OF CONTENTS THE GENDER THEORY OF THE VATICAN : A NEUROSCIENTIFIC CRITIQUE 3 Odile Fillod & Catherine Vidal HARDWIRED : HISTORTY OF A MISLEADING METAPHOR 4 Giordana Grossi YOUNG IN HIS/HER HEAD : A CRITICAL HISTORY OF THE ADOLESCENT BRAIN 5 Christel Gumy QUEERING GENDER USING POSITIVIST METHODS : AN EXAMPLE FROM A STUDY OF GENDER IDENTITY IN « NORMATIVE » INDIVIDUALS 6 Daphna Joel, Ricardo Tarrasch, Zohar Berman, Maya Mukamel & Effi Ziv PLASTICITY AS BOUNDARY OBJECT 7 Annelies Kleinherenbrink THE MYSTERIOUS SEX/GENDER PATTERNS OF INDIVIDUAL DISPOSITIONS AND CHOICES 8 Hanna Meissner POVERTY IN THE BRAIN ? THEORIZING NEURAL PLASTICITY 9 Victoria Pitts-Taylor QUEERING GENDER IN THE “NORMATIVE” BRAIN 10 Jared Pool & Daniel Margulies SEX/GENDER ASSESSMENT IN PSYCHOLOGY, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND RELATED EMPIRICAL SCIENCES 11 Diana Schellenberg PLASTIC BRAINS – FEMINIST MATERIALISM – NEOLIBERAL CONTEXTS : NOTES FOR A DISSENSUS DEBATE 12 Sigrid Schmitz TESTOSTERONE AS TROJAN HORSE : CONSTRUCTING A FEMINIST AND QUEER BIOSCIENCE WITH SOCIAL NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 13 Sari van Anders FROM FACTS TO VALUES : IDEAS OF EQUALITY, DIFFERENCE AND FLOURISHING IN DUTCH DEBATES ON GENDER – SPECIFIC EDUCATION 14 Ties van de Werff THE DISSENSUS OF THE APPARATUS : HOW TO FRAME A META-ANALYSIS OF THE USES AND CONCLUSIONS SURROUNDING THE APPARATUS KNOWN AS LORDOSIS 15 Rachel Weitzenkorn CITED REFERENCES 16 ACADEMIC PARTNERS & SPONSORS 17 2 NeuroGenderings III: The 1st international Dissensus Conference on brain and gender – Book of abstracts THE GENDER THEORY OF THE VATICAN : A NEUROSCIENTIFIC CRITIQUE ODILE FILLOD, Author of the Blog Allodoxia (allodoxia.blog.lemonde.fr), France CATHERINE VIDAL, Pasteur Institute, Paris, CNRS, Neurobiology, France In France in 2011, the introduction of the notions of ‘sexual identity’ and ‘sexual orientation’ in high school natural science textbooks raised the anger of conservative catholic circles and of many right-wing deputies.
    [Show full text]
  • Neurosexismo Una Reflexión Desde La Crítica Feminista De La Ciencia
    Grado en Filosofía Curso 2020 - 2021 Facultad de Humanidades - Universidad de La Laguna TRABAJO FIN DE GRADO Neurosexismo Una reflexión desde la crítica feminista de la ciencia Alumna: Ana Pérez Almeida Tutora: María Inmaculada Perdomo Reyes 1 ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................ 3 2. ANTECEDENTES ....................................................................................................... 7 2. 1 Diferencias sexuales entre mujeres y hombres ...................................................... 7 2. 2 Destino rosa y destino azul .................................................................................. 10 3. ESTADO ACTUAL ................................................................................................... 15 3. 1 Descubrimientos ignorados ................................................................................. 15 3. 2 Neurogénero ........................................................................................................ 19 4. DISCUSIÓN Y POSICIONAMIENTO ..................................................................... 22 4. 1 ¿Existen dos tipos de cerebro?............................................................................. 22 4. 2 Cerebro intersexual .............................................................................................. 25 5. CONCLUSIÓN Y VÍAS ABIERTAS ........................................................................ 29 6. BIBLIOGRAFÍA
    [Show full text]
  • EL SEXO DEL CEREBRO EN DISPUTA: Críticas Al Neurosexismo Desde Una Perspectiva Neurofeminista
    EL SEXO DEL CEREBRO EN DISPUTA: Críticas al neurosexismo desde una perspectiva neurofeminista Desirée Serrano Buiza Jordi Vallverdú Trabajo de Fin de Grado Grado de Filosofía Curso 2018-2019 Facultad de Filosofía y Letras UAB ÍNDICE Resumen/Abstract....................................................................................................................1 Introducción..............................................................................................................................1 Parte I: Natura vs Nurtura I.1 Darwinitis y teorías biologicistas del siglo XIX............................................................2 I.2 La genética entra en juego: el paradigma de Bateman..............................................4 I.3 El nacimiento del género...........................................................................................5 I.4 Indistinción (¿indebida?) entre Sexo-Género............................................................7 Parte II: La naturaleza del género II. 1 El mito del género....................................................................................................8 II. 2 El género en disputa................................................................................................9 Parte III: Neurosexismo VS Epistemología feminista III. 1 La cuestión actual del dimorfismo sexual del cerebro...........................................10 III. 2 El papel no imparcial de la neurociencia...............................................................11 III. 3 El neurosexismo como
    [Show full text]
  • ST8: Corporalidades, Saberes E Tecnologias Seminários Temáticos
    ST8: Corporalidades, Saberes e tecnologias Seminários Temáticos “Não chore, pesquise!” – Reflexões sobre sexo, gênero e ciência a partir do neurofeminismo Marina Fisher Nucci1 Resumo: A crença na existência de diferenças incomensuráveis entre homens e mulheres, assim como a suposição de que tais diferenças possuem origens biológicas, é um tema muito presente não apenas no senso comum, mas fonte de preocupação e de pesquisas de cunho científico. Levando em conta a centralidade do cérebro na atualidade, faz sentido pensar que ele seja acionado como o “local privilegiado” para explicar diferenças entre homens e mulheres. Como observa Fabíola Rohden, trata-se de uma remodelagem do dualismo de gênero e da “substancialização da diferença” – ou seja, do enraizamento do gênero em determinadas marcas corporais, através das ciências do cérebro. Assim, meu interesse nesta pesquisa é refletir sobre as relações entre sexo, gênero, ciência e feminismo, a partir da análise da produção contemporânea da neurociência a respeito das diferenças entre homens e mulheres, bem como da crítica feminista a esta produção. Interessa-me aqui as tensões entre natureza/cultura, sexo/gênero, e como elas se articulam. Deste modo, meu objeto de análise é a produção científica contemporânea de um grupo de pesquisadoras que se descrevem como “neurofeministas” e que desde 2010 organizam-se em uma rede internacional chamada NeuroGenderings, onde procuram trazer uma perspectiva feminista crítica aos estudos recentes sobre o cérebro. As neurofeministas estão engajadas em produzir uma neurociência assumidamente feminista, que se debruce sobre a materialidade dos corpos – e especialmente do cérebro –, mas que se preocupe ao mesmo tempo, politicamente, com as hierarquias de gênero.
    [Show full text]
  • CONFERENCE PROGRAM Thursday 8 May 2014 | Aula – IDHEAP 14H00
    CONFERENCE PROGRAM Thursday 8 May 2014 | Aula – IDHEAP 14h00-14h15 Opening Cynthia KRAUS, University of Lausanne & Anelis KAISER, University of Bern 14h15 -14h30 Welcome Franciska KRINGS, Vice-Rector, University of Lausanne 14h30-15h30 Keynote lecture Prof. Rebecca JORDAN-YOUNG, Barnard College Sex as Chimera: Tools for (Un)Thinking Difference 15h30-16h30 Keynote lecture Prof. Gillian EINSTEIN, Linköping University, Dalla Landa School of Public Health, University of Toronto When Does a Difference Make a Difference? Examples from Situated Neuroscience Chair: Anelis Kaiser 16h30-17h00 Break 17h00-18h00 Keynote lecture Prof. Georgina RIPPON, Aston University Functional Neuroimaging (FNI) and Sex/Gender Research : of Differences, Dichotomies and Entanglement 18h00-19h00 Keynote lecture Prof. Anne FAUSTO-STERLING, Brown University How Your Generic Baby Acquires Gender Chair: Cynthia Kraus Friday 9 May 2014 | Aula – IDHEAP 9h00-9h30 Presentation Isabelle DUSSAUGE, University of Uppsala & Sigrid SCHMITZ, University of Vienna Neurogenderings Network and Neurogenderings II Conference Chair: Anelis Kaiser 9h30-10h00 Introduction Cynthia KRAUS, University of Lausanne A Dissensus Conference For What? Feminism, Brain Research, and Democratic Practices Anelis KAISER, University of Bern Empirical NeuroGenderings: Outline of a Research Program 10h00-10h30 Break 10h30-12h00 Session 1 Hardwired brains? Plastic brains? Critical reflections Giordana GROSSI, State University New York at New Paltz Hardwired: History of a Misleading Metaphor Annelies KLEINHERENBRINK,
    [Show full text]
  • Sex-Based Brain Differences and Emotional Harm
    Duke Law Journal Online VOLUME 70 OCTOBER 2020 SEX-BASED BRAIN DIFFERENCES AND EMOTIONAL HARM BETSY J. GREY† ABSTRACT Technological advances have allowed neuroscientists to identify brain differences between women and men, which may lead to explanations for sex-biased population differences in behavior and brain-based disorders. Although the research is at its early stages, this is an appropriate time to examine some of the potential legal implications of these findings. This Article examines that question in the context of tort law, especially how scientific findings may affect the use of the reasonable person standard in emotional injury claims. Specifically, studies suggest that there may be distinct sex-based mechanisms involved in reactions to extreme stress, raising the question of whether women experience and process stress and trauma differently than men. This Article argues that these studies may eventually inform the use of the reasonableness standard for freestanding emotional harm claims. As science further develops, courts may either apply a reasonable woman standard in limited contexts or at least allow jurors to consider evidence of sex-based differences in applying a reasonable person standard. Recognizing these differences, courts have already begun to apply the reasonable woman standard to hostile workplace environment claims, and science may support broader use of that standard, especially for negligent and intentional infliction of emotional harm claims. INTRODUCTION The last decades of legal development rightfully have broken down artificial sex-based distinctions over a range of fronts—from † Jack E. Brown Chair in Law at Arizona State University’s Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro Centro
    Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Centro Biomédico Instituto de Medicina Social Marina Fisher Nucci “Não chore, pesquise!”: Reflexões sobre sexo, gênero e ciência a partir do neurofeminismo Rio de Janeiro 2015 Marina Fisher Nucci “Não chore, pesquise!”: Reflexões sobre sexo, gênero e ciência a partir do neurofeminismo Tese apresentada, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor, ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Orientadora: Prof.a Dra. Jane Araújo Russo Rio de Janeiro 2015 CATALOGAÇÃO NA FONTE UERJ/ REDE SIRIUS/ CB/C C962 Nucci, Marina Fisher “Não chore, pesquise!” : reflexões sobre sexo, gênero e ciências a partir do neurofeminismo / Marina Fisher Nucci. – 2015. 222 f. Orientadora: Jane Araújo Russo. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Medicina Social. 1. Sexo - Teses. 2. Gênero - Teses. 3. Feminismo – Teses. 4. Neurociências – Teses. I. Russo, Jane. II. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Medicina Social. III. Título. CDU 616.8:159.922.1 Autorizo, apenas para fins acadêmicos e científicos, a reprodução total ou parcial desta tese, desde que citada a fonte. ________________________________ ______________________________ Assinatura Data Marina Fisher Nucci “Não chore, pesquise!”: Reflexões sobre sexo, gênero e ciência a partir do neurofeminismo Tese apresentada, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor, ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Aprovada em 04 de setembro de 2015. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Jane Araújo Russo Instituto de Medicina Social - UERJ Banca Examinadora: ________________________________________________________ Prof.ª Dra.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
    PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/201814 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-10-01 and may be subject to change. Feminist Interventions on the Sex/Gender Question in Neuroimaging Research by Katherine Bryant, Giordana Grossi and Anelis Kaiser The debate about sex/gender[1] in the brain continues with urgency in Western countries.[2] For one example, in 2014 the National Institute of Health (NIH) began to require that scientists examine and report differences between female and male animals in all preclinical trials (Clayton and Collins 2014). For another, in 2017 the Journal of Neuroscience Research published a nearly 800-page special issue on sex/gender influences on nervous system function with more than seventy invited contributions. Nota bene there was no open call for this issue[3] , restricting the content to articles by authors whose understanding of sex/gender is deeply rooted in the belief of the existence of fundamental differences between women’s and men’s brains (for a constructive commentary, see Rippon et al. 2017). Per the editor-in-chief of that issue, “sex matters not only at the macroscopic level, where male and female brains have been found to differ in size and connectivity, but at the microscopic level too” (Prager 2017, 11) and, echoing Cahill (2006), to ignore “sex as a biological variable” would be to leave the scientific community with “major gaps in knowledge.” Hence, the journal requires that “the inability for any reason to study sex differences where they may exist should be discussed as a study limitation” and that “manuscripts reporting exploratory analyses of potential sex differences in studies not explicitly designed to address them are encouraged” (Prager 2017, 11).
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Feminisms: Biology, Becomings, and Life in the Lab Deboleena Roy, Emory University
    Molecular Feminisms: Biology, Becomings, and Life in the Lab Deboleena Roy, Emory University Publisher: University of Washington Press Publication Place: Seattle, WA 98195-9570 Publication Date: 2018-11-10 Type of Work: Book | Final Publisher PDF Publisher DOI: 10.6069/j163-3c90 Permanent URL: https://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/tgp38 Final published version: http://www.washington.edu/uwpress/search/books/ROYMOL.html Copyright information: © 2018 by Deboleena Roy This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Accessed September 30, 2021 9:44 PM EDT Feminist Technosciences Rebecca Herzig and Banu Subramaniam, Series Editors Molecular Feminisms BIOLOGY, BECOMINGS, AND LIFE IN THE LAB DEBOLEENA ROY University of Washington Press Seattle Publication of this open monograph was the result of Emory University’s participa- tion in TOME (Toward an Open Monograph Ecosystem), a collaboration of the Association of American Universities, the Association of University Presses, and the Association of Research Libraries. TOME aims to expand the reach of long-form humanities and social science scholarship including digital scholarship. Additionally, the program looks to ensure the sustainability of university press monograph pub- lishing by supporting the highest quality scholarship and promoting a new ecology of scholarly publishing in which authors’ institutions bear the publication costs. Funding from Emory University and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation made it possible to open this publication to the world. www.openmonographs.org Copyright © 2018 by Deboleena Roy Printed and bound in the United States of America Interior design by Thomas Eykemans Composed in Chaparral, typeface designed by Carol Twombly Cover design by Katrina Noble Cover photograph by Kheyal Roy-Meighoo and Koan Roy-Meighoo 22 21 20 19 18 5 4 3 2 1 All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
    PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/201814 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-29 and may be subject to change. Feminist Interventions on the Sex/Gender Question in Neuroimaging Research by Katherine Bryant, Giordana Grossi and Anelis Kaiser The debate about sex/gender[1] in the brain continues with urgency in Western countries.[2] For one example, in 2014 the National Institute of Health (NIH) began to require that scientists examine and report differences between female and male animals in all preclinical trials (Clayton and Collins 2014). For another, in 2017 the Journal of Neuroscience Research published a nearly 800-page special issue on sex/gender influences on nervous system function with more than seventy invited contributions. Nota bene there was no open call for this issue[3] , restricting the content to articles by authors whose understanding of sex/gender is deeply rooted in the belief of the existence of fundamental differences between women’s and men’s brains (for a constructive commentary, see Rippon et al. 2017). Per the editor-in-chief of that issue, “sex matters not only at the macroscopic level, where male and female brains have been found to differ in size and connectivity, but at the microscopic level too” (Prager 2017, 11) and, echoing Cahill (2006), to ignore “sex as a biological variable” would be to leave the scientific community with “major gaps in knowledge.” Hence, the journal requires that “the inability for any reason to study sex differences where they may exist should be discussed as a study limitation” and that “manuscripts reporting exploratory analyses of potential sex differences in studies not explicitly designed to address them are encouraged” (Prager 2017, 11).
    [Show full text]