DOCSLIB.ORG

Mental Chronometry Definition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mental Chronometry Definition Mental chronometry definition Continue MENTAL CHRONOMETRY, ATTENTION, AND LANGUAGE PERFORMANCE Some historical themes Of distraction during the emergence of stimulus are always punished by the procrastination process-Donders (1868) The term mental chronometry refers to an experimental approach that examines the time it takes for mental surgeries to gain an understanding of human attention, perception, cognition and action. , 1978, Chronometric Research of the Mind, Earlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey, p. 7). Common methods are response time measurements (RT) associated with events of the brain's electrical capabilities and eye movements. The measurement of the RIT (i.e. the time between the beginning of the stimulus and the beginning of the reaction to this stimulus) began with the work of the Dutchman F.K. Donders in the 1860s. Until that time, it was thought that mental processes, following Johannes Mueller, were too fast to be measurable. The exact measurement of RTs was made possible by a number of inventions in the 1840s, including the Englishman Charles Wheatstone and the Swiss watchmaker Mathias Hipp (Hipp chronoscope Chrono). Since the 1870s, Wilhelm Wundt has been involved in the development of a research program aimed at understanding human mental processes by measuring RTs. James McKin Cattell, a Wundt student in Leipzig, estimated about half of the experiments in the Wundt laboratory involved RT measurements. Wundt's laboratory in Leipzig has become a model for laboratories of scientific psychology around the world. Wundt's perseverance in precision measurements has influenced the development of psychological experiments to date. Titchener's photo album: Photos and handwritten descriptions of instruments that were specially made for psychological research (some of the instruments were from Cattell) can be found in the album of photographs by Titchener, also a student of Wundt in Leipzig. Some of the tools were developed for RT research. Since his time in Leipzig, Titchener has been collecting trade catalogues, which he has linked to more than 40 volumes. These catalogues were sold to Rice University shortly after Titchener's death in 1927. Unfortunately, the collection of catalogues was thrown out in the 1970s, but three volumes survived. One of the three surviving volumes was an album of photographs. Titchener put the album together sometime between 1894 and 1899. The Museum of Reaction Time History documents many aspects of the history of mental chronometry. It provides many downloadable descriptions and photographs of a wide range of tools used by psychologists in the early days of experimental psychology. The Max Planck Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin is dedicated to the history of experiments in life It provides detailed information about Helmholtz's physiological experiments on frogs and humans in the 1850s, which inspired F.K. Donders to conduct his founding research with RT fifteen years later. In addition to measuring RTs, chronometric studies can study eye movements. Donders was not only the first person to measure the name RTs, but he also developed models for eye movements. Wundt took the sights to be a window into the work of the attention system. As Wundt (1897) reasoned in its outlines of psychology, visual acuity is best at the center of eye fixation (at 5 degrees from the center, the sharpness decreased by about 50 percent). Therefore, to draw attention to aspects of the visual world, eye fixation is directed at those visual aspects that are of interest. This makes the shift of gaze between the two visual stimuli an open sign of attention orientation, although attention and eye movements can sometimes be disconnected in the simple tasks of signal detection and identification. F. K. Donders Franciscus Cornelis (France) Donders was born on May 27, 1818, in Tilburg, North Brabent, the Netherlands (the same area where Vincent van Gogh was born 35 years later). The Donders went to the seminary in Tilburg and Boxmeer (about 35 km south of Nijmegen) and to the medical school in Utrecht. For the rest of his academic career (from the age of 29), he was a professor of physiology at the University of Utrecht. The house where Donders was born, Nieuwlandstraat 44 in Tilburg. The plate above the door of the Dutch poet Nikolaas Betts says: Op den 27sten van bloeimaand des jaar O.H. MDCCC-XVIII werd Franciscus Cornelis Donders in deze won geboren (27th flowering month of the year O.H. MDCCC-XVIII, Franciscus Cornelis Donders was born in this house). Donders was one of the pioneers of ophthalmology. In 1858, Donders founded the first eye hospital in the Netherlands. In 1864, his influential 635-page book On The Anomalies of Placement and Refraction of the Eye with a preliminary essay on physiological dioptria was published in English. It describes employment and prescription corrective glasses. Ophthalmicroscope Donderov (left), isoscope to identify visible vertical and horizontal meridians in downward gaze and convergence (middle), as well as a demonstration model of eye movement (right). The interests of the Donders included not only eye physiology, eye movements (he discovered what became known as the Donder Act), color vision and color blindness, but also general physiology, evolution and mental processes. His views are often strikingly modern. For example, he researched cerebral circulation in 1849 and was excited by the discovery of brain metabolism: As in all organs, blood changes as a result of brain nuys (Donders, 1868). One discovers in comparison incoming and outflow of blood that oxygen is consumed (Donders, 1868). This understanding, together with the subtraction method developed by Donders, forms the basis of two widely used modern functional methods of neuroimaging, PET and MRI. Donders was also interested in speech. In 1864, he published an article about his conclusion that vowels are characterized by their fixed subtext (now called foryants), regardless of the fundamental tone of the voice (i.e. the fundamental frequency). In his monograph De physiologie der spraakklanken, in het bijzonder van die der Nederlandsche taal (Physiology of speech sounds, in particular, Dutch) (Donders, 1870), he detailed the acoustic and phonetic properties of (Dutch) speech sounds and how they are formulated. Clockwise from top to bottom: Donders during his inauguration in Utrecht, one of his mechanical models of eye movements, his lab outside, and from the inside. A photo of a room in Donders' lab was taken shortly after his death. In the back corner on the left is a kimographer, which Donders used for his phonetic research; a modified version of the cymograph was used in his chronometric work (i.e. to measure speech production). Donders realized that the mind is not the brain, but what the brain does. As for mental phenomena, the connection between these phenomena and the action of the brain should be investigated, trying to find as much as possible different mental abilities (Donders, 1868). However, full knowledge of the functioning of the brain with which each mental process is associated does not take us one step further in understanding the nature of their relationship (Donders, 1868). Donders lacked the theoretical apparatus to accurately flesh out mental processes (computational theory of the mind and its modeling tools, which he would have needed in the first half of the 20th century for development), but he found another pen to mental processes, response time: But will there be no question of quantitative treatment of mental processes? No way! An important factor seemed to be receptive to measurement: I mean the time it takes for simple mental processes (Donders, 1868). Tools developed by F.K. Donders to determine the duration of mind action (upper figure: noematachograph and phonoutograph as he called them) and determine as soon as possible the time for simple thought (bottom left: the initial version of the noematachometer, which controlled the presentation of stimuli; middle: the final version of the Noematachometer; on the right). To measure the speed of mental processes, Donders developed a number of tools (above), some of which were made in a special section of his lab by a mechanic (see photo below), a student and a friend of the Donders. The work of the tools is described in Twee werktuigen tot bepaling van den tijd, voor psychische processen benoodigd (Two tools for determining the time needed for mental processes) that appeared in Onderzoekigen gedaan in het Physiologisch Laboratorium Utrecht, 1867-1868, 2, 21-25. Donders was the first person to measure the time it takes to call stimuli conversational responses. One way to achieve this was to use the nomatachograph and phosautographer as follows. Two participants A and B were sitting in front of the mouth of the photonautographer. While the cylinder was spinning, A pronounced syllable and B had to repeat it as quickly as possible without making mistakes. The onset of oscillations caused by two sounds was observed on paper (illustrated below) by points A and B on the line (P). The time interval between the two points was derived from vibrations (261 per second) of the tuning fork recorded simultaneously (S). RT was detected by counting the number of oscillations recorded between a and b, regardless of their length (i.e. a constant rotational speed of the cyclinder is required). I came up with the idea to interfere in the process of physiological time with some new components of mental action. If I had researched how much it would lengthen the physiological time, this, I decided, would reveal the time it takes for the term to intervene (Donders, 1868). Prior to work, Donders was generally thought to have mental operations associated with responding to the stimulus occurred too quickly to be measurable. Donder developed a subtraction method to measure the duration of the different mental processes through which the brain performs various tasks.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • WIU Graduate Research Conference
    WIU Graduate Research Conference Friday March 3, 2017. Poster Presentations 1. Title: Discovery of Internal Standards for the Determination of Limonene in Sweet Orange (Citus Sinensis) Oil by Gas Chromatography Principal presenter: Ravi Kiran Lella Major: Chemistry Other presenters or co-authors: Wei Chean Chuah, Taylor N. Windbiel, Angle Perez, Shaozong Zhang and Liguo Song Faculty mentor: Dr. Liguo Song Abstract: Limonene content is used to classify oil of citrus rinds into different grades. The determination of limonene from industrial process streams requires a method to be fast, sensitive, precise, accurate, and specific. Gas chromatographic methods for the determination of limonene are abundant throughout the literature. Both external and internal standards are used in the determination. A method with internal standard calibration is preferred due to its better precision and accuracy. The components of sweet orange (citus sinensis) oil include a wide variety of hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, ketones, and some miscellaneous compounds. Anisole was previously used as the internal standard. However, our experimental results showed that it coeluted with impurities in sweet orange oil. Therefore, other alternative compounds including chlorobenzene, p-xylene, bromobenzene and acetophenone, which have never been detected in sweet orange oil, have been studied as potential internal standards in the current report. Our results showed that while bromobenzne coleluted with impurities in sweet orange oil, p-xylene and chlorobenzene eluted before all the components in sweet orange oil and acetophenone eluted after limonene without overlapping with impurities in sweet orange oil. Chlorobenzene and p-xylene were better choices than acetophenone because the developed methods were able to achieve required separation within two minute.
    [Show full text]
  • Cognitive Psychology
    COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY PSYCH 126 Acknowledgements College of the Canyons would like to extend appreciation to the following people and organizations for allowing this textbook to be created: California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office Chancellor Diane Van Hook Santa Clarita Community College District College of the Canyons Distance Learning Office In providing content for this textbook, the following professionals were invaluable: Mehgan Andrade, who was the major contributor and compiler of this work and Neil Walker, without whose help the book could not have been completed. Special Thank You to Trudi Radtke for editing, formatting, readability, and aesthetics. The contents of this textbook were developed under the Title V grant from the Department of Education (Award #P031S140092). However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government. Unless otherwise noted, the content in this textbook is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Table of Contents Psychology .................................................................................................................................................... 1 126 ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1 - History of Cognitive Psychology ............................................................................................. 7 Definition of Cognitive Psychology
    [Show full text]
  • Applied History of Psychology/History of Research on Attention 1 Applied History of Psychology/History of Research on Attention
    Applied History of Psychology/History of Research on Attention 1 Applied History of Psychology/History of Research on Attention There has been a large increase in research activity in the area of attention since the 1950s. This research has focused not only on attention, but also how attention is related to memory and executive functioning. Human learning and behaviour are dependent on our ability to pay attention to our environment, retain and retrieve information, and use cognitive strategies. An understanding of the development of attention is also critical when we consider that deficits in attention often lead to difficulties in school and in the work force. Thus, attention is an important topic in the study of psychology, specifically in the areas of development (see Part II of this book), learning (Part III), and psychological disorders (see the section on ADHD in Part IV). There is no doubt that an understanding of attention and related concepts is critical to our understanding of human cognition and learning. Introduction to The History of Research on Attention The study of attention is a major part of contemporary cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Attention plays a critical role in essentially all aspects of perception, cognition, and action, influencing the choices we make. The study of attention has been of interest to the field of psychology since its earliest days. However, many ideas about attention can be traced to philosophers in the 18th and 19th centuries, preceding the foundation of the field of psychology. The topic of attention was originally discussed by philosophers. Among the issues considered were the role of attention on conscious awareness and thought, and whether attention was directed voluntarily or involuntarily toward objects or events.
    [Show full text]
  • Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science
    1 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE Automaticity (488) Thomas J. Palmeri Assistant Professor of Psychology Psychology Department 301 Wilson Hall Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tennessee 37240 USA tel: (615) 343-7900 fax: (615) 343-8449 [email protected] November 24, 2001 HEADWORD Automaticity KEYWORDS attention, consciousness, expertise, skill acquisition, Stroop effect CONTENTS LIST Characteristics of automatic processes Factors necessary for automatic processes Stroop interference and other related measures Models of the acquisition of automaticity ARTICLE DEFINITION Automaticity refers to the way we perform some mental tasks quickly and effortlessly, with little thought or conscious intention. Automatic processes are contrasted with deliberate, attention-demanding, conscious, controlled aspects of cognition. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Supported by NIMH Grant MH61370 and NSF Grant BCS-9910756. 2 1. Introduction Try to think back to when you first learned how to drive a car. Your primary aim was to steer the car clear of other vehicles, pedestrians, and trees – a difficult task by itself. But you also had to control the pressure applied to the accelerator pedal to keep within posted speed limits. You needed occasionally to apply the brake to obey traffic signals and to avoid plowing into the car in front of you. Added to this, if you first learned to drive a car with a manual transmission, you had to decide when to shift and then you needed to coordinate the complex movements involved in changing gears – releasing the accelerator pedal, depressing the clutch, shifting to the appropriate gear, carefully releasing the clutch while applying some gas. And you had to do this while continuing to pay attention to the road ahead.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mysterious, Magnificent Brain
    MAGAZINE The Mysterious, Magnificent Brain VOLUME 82 • NUMBER 4 • FALL 2001 VOLUME 82 • NO.. 4 • FALL 2001 MAGAZINE FEATURES 14 Yellow Leaves Alumnus takes stock of what makes him return to Vanderbilt football year after year 16 Invasion of the Brain Scientists 16 JEFF FRAZIER Vanderbilt neuroscientists collaborate to solve Mary Tom Bass, MEd’85, Editor the mysteries of the mind Kenneth Schexnayder, Managing Editor Victor Judge, BS’77, MS’79, Assistant Editor 32 GayNelle Doll, Assistant Editor The Possibility of Progress Suzanna Spring, Designer Vanderbilt philosophers look at just how far we’ve come 14 Nelson Bryan, BA’73, Class Notes Editor Joanne Lamphere Beckham, BA’62 · Gene Cook, 40 BA’94 · Bonnie Arant Ertelt, BS’81 · Lew Harris, BA’68 Beth Matter · Gayle Rogers, BA’01 Tall Healer Phillip B. Tucker, Staff Writers For 35 years alumnus has tended the aches and pains Skip Anderson · Jim Bacchus, BA’71 · Clinton of the Atlanta Falcons Colmenares · Tara S. Donahue, BA’00 · Dan Gordon · Nancy Humphrey · Elizabeth P.Latt · Leigh 43 MacMillan, PhD’96 · James McConnell · Ann Marie Deer Owens, BA’76 · Jessica Pasley · Jon Parrish Peede, A Monumental Journey BS’91 · David F. Salisbury · Patrick Shade, MA’96, Serbian graduate students hope to help preserve PhD’97, Contributors their homeland’s artistic heritage Anthony J. Spence, E’75, Executive Director of Communications and Publications DEPARTMENTS Vanderbilt Magazine is published quarterly by Vanderbilt University from editorial and business offices at 110 21st 2 On Campus Avenue South, Suite 1000, Nashville, TN 37203. The editor welcomes letters and comments from readers 12 Sports regarding articles published in Vanderbilt Magazine.
    [Show full text]
  • Stroop Test and Its Relationship to Academic Performance and General Behaviour of Young Students
    The University of Notre Dame Australia ResearchOnline@ND Education Papers and Journal Articles School of Education 2005 The stroop test and its relationship to academic performance and general behaviour of young students Anthony Imbrosciano University of Notre Dame Australia, [email protected] Richard G. Berlach University of Notre Dame Australia, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/edu_article Part of the Education Commons This article was originally published as: Imbrosciano, A., & Berlach, R. G. (2005). The stroop test and its relationship to academic performance and general behaviour of young students. Teacher Development, 9 (1), 131-144. http://doi.org/10.1080/13664530500200234 This article is posted on ResearchOnline@ND at https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/edu_article/1. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Title: THE STROOP TEST AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND GENERAL BEHAVIOUR OF YOUNG STUDENTS Authors: Dr Anthony Imbrosciano is a Senior Lecturer in Philosophy and Education at the University of Notre Dame Australia. His interests in Education include Philosophy of Education, Character Development, and Learning Theory. In Philosophy, his interests include the History of Philosophy, Logic and Epistemology, and Philosophical Psychology. A graduate of the University of Sydney, he completed his doctorate on Soren Kierkegaard and his views concerning the education of character. Telephone: (08) 9433-0663 Email: [email protected] Dr Richard G. Berlach is an Assoc. Prof. in Education at The University of Notre Dame Australia. He holds qualifications in education, psychology, and theology. Main research interests lie in the areas of self-concept formation; tertiary level teaching strategies; and student-centred learning styles.
    [Show full text]
  • John Ridley Stroop: Creator of a Landmark Cognitive Task
    JOHN RIDLEY STROOP: CREATOR OF A LANDMARK COGNITIVE TASK COLIN M. MACLEOD University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus Abstract The Stroop colour-word task, the most widely used demonstration of interference in attention, has provided a fascinating empirical and theoretical puzzle for cognitive psy- chologists for over half a century. This historical note provides a biographical sketch of the task's creator, John Ridley Stroop, and examines the impact of his task on cognitive psychology. For over half a century, one of the standard over 700 studies of the Stroop effect have been demonstrations in undergraduate psychology published, each attempting to explore this robust courses and laboratories has been the Stroop result in some new way. I have surveyed this effect. When asked to name the colour of ink in large literature elsewhere (MacLeod, 1991). The which an incompatible colour word is printed present article is a companion piece to that (e.g., to say "red" aloud in response to the review, a historical note on the man behind one stimulus word GREEN printed in red ink), of the most widely known tasks in cognitive psy- people take longer than to name the same ink chology. Who was he and how did he come to color in a suitable control condition (e.g., to say develop this benchmark task? "red" to the stimulus XXXXX printed in red ink). The effect is a large and highly replicable A Biography of John Ridley Stroop one, almost always evoking frustrated laughter John Ridley Stroop was born March 21, 1897 from those performing the task for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • Half a Century of Research on the Stroop Effect: an Integrative Review
    Psychological Bulletin Copyright 1991 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 199 l, Vol. 109, No. 2, 163-203 0033-2909/91/$3.00 Half a Century of Research on the Stroop Effect: An Integrative Review Colin M. MacLeod Division of Life Sciences University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus Scarborough, Ontario, Canada The literature on interference in the Stroop Color-Word Task, covering over 50 years and some 400 studies, is organized and reviewed. In so doing, a set ofl 8 reliable empirical findings is isolated that must be captured by any successful theory of the Stroop effect. Existing theoretical positions are summarized and evaluated in view of this critical evidence and the 2 major candidate theories--rel- ative speed of processing and automaticity of reading--are found to be wanting. It is concluded that recent theories placing the explanatory weight on parallel processing of the irrelevant and the relevant dimensions are likely to be more successful than are earlier theories attempting to locate a single bottleneck in attention. In 1935, J. R. Stroop published his landmark article on atten- Colors, Words, and Interference: tion and interference, an article more influential now than it Research From 1886 to 1935 was then. Why has the Stroop task continued to fascinate us? Perhaps the task is seen as tapping into the primitive operations The Half-Century Before Stroop of cognition, offering clues to the fundamental process of atten- The roots of Stroop's research are evident 50 years earlier in tion. Perhaps the robustness of the phenomenon provides a the work of James McKeen Cattell (1886).
    [Show full text]
  • Stroop Interference: a Comparison Of
    STROOP INTERFERENCE: A COMPARISON OF DENTAL PHOBIA STROOP TESTS By BARRY J. RIES Bachelor of Science Oklahoma Christian University Edmond, Oklahoma 1982 Master of Arts University of Central Oklahoma Edmond, Oklahoma 1988· Master of Science Oklahoma State University · Stillwater, Oklahoma 1992 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December, 1996 STROOP INTERFERENCE: A COMPARISON OF DENTAL PHOBIA STROOP TESTS Thesis Approved: . ./ , ·l -:tlovwu. {Z. <Z~ Dean of the Graduate College 11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The completion of a dissertation and a graduate degree is not accomplished without the support, encouragement, and motivation of many individuals. I would like to begin by thanking my dissertation committee, Trish Long, Robert Schlottmann, and Mary Mandeville, for their support and consultation, before and during this project. To my friend, mentor, and dissertation chair, Dan McNeil, I thank you for years of dedication to my development as a clinician, researcher, and academician. From the Guthrie Job Corps Center, to West Virginia and Minnesota, we·have shared many thoughts, emotions, and fishing stories. I would also like to thank my classmate and colleague, Cindy Turk. We have been together for more years than is expected. Thanks for making my graduate years easier, as well as more enjoyable. Also, thanks to Benn Carter who created computer programs that made my dissertation possible. A special thanks to Dennis McChargue, and his many contributions to the project. This project would not have been possible if it were not for the hard work and tireless contributions of many undergraduate students.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of the Stroop Interference Phenomenon on Undergraduate Psychology Majors
    International Journal of Arts and Humanities Vol. 4 No. 3; July 2018 The Effects of the Stroop Interference Phenomenon on Undergraduate Psychology Majors Everton G. McIntosh, PhD. Professor of Psychology Alabama A&M University USA Teanna C. Holston, BA Graduate Student Alabama A&M University USA Dr. Leatha M. Bennett, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Psychology Alabama A&M University USA Abstract Created in the 1930s by American psychologist John Ridley Stroop, the Stroop Interference Effect is a set of empirical findings, demonstrating that there is an asymmetry in the observed interference between color-word reading and color naming. The purpose of this study was to use the Stroop Effect to determine if there is an observable effect of color compatibility on color recognition. Our participants consisted of an accidental (convenience) sample of n = 30 undergraduate junior and senior psychology majors enrolled in the same Experimental Psychology Lab class at Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University. The general procedure involved the participants naming twenty different ink colors on two separate lists, one with matched colors and the other with mismatched colors, as fast as they could without making any errors. It was hypothesized that it would take longer to recognize mismatched colors due to Stroop’s observed interference between color-word reading and color naming, in addition to the speed-processing and selective-attention theories, resulting in a significant difference between mismatched and matched colors. The repeated measures t-test determined that there was, in fact, a significant relationship between the two variables, meaning that color compatibility did have an observable effect on color recognition.
    [Show full text]
  • Tesis Doctoral
    UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA TESIS DOCTORAL Tarea stroop como medida del impacto emocional en pacientes con cáncer de mama y familiares MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Jesús Balandín Sánchez Directora María Isabel Casado Morales Madrid, 2014 © Jesús Balandín Sánchez, 2014 Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Psicología Tesis Doctoral “Tarea Stroop como medida del Impacto emocional en pacientes con cáncer de mama y familiares” Autor: D. Jesús Balandín Sánchez Director: Dra. Mª Isabel Casado Morales Madrid 2013 Tarea Stroop como medida del impac to emocional en pacientes con cáncer de mama y familiares Jesús Balandín Sánchez Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Psicología PROGRAMA COGNICIÓN EMOCIÓN Y ESTRÉS PSICOLOGÍA BÁSICA II Tesis Doctoral “Tarea Stroop como medida del Impacto emocional en pacientes con cáncer de mama y familiares” Autor: D. Jesús Balandín Sánchez Director: Dra. Mª Isabel Casado Morales Madrid 2013 2 Tarea Stroop como medida del impac to emocional en pacientes con cáncer de mama y familiares Jesús Balandín Sánchez Agradecimientos Deseo comenzar con mi más sincero agradecimiento a todos y cada uno de los sujetos experimentales, los pacientes y sus familiares, pues su padecimiento es a la vez, causa y consecuencia de esta investigación. Así mismo agradezco al bloque de profesores que se han cruzado en mi camino, por sus excelentes consejos para el propósito de la investigación. Particularmente, agradezco a la Dña. Laura Martín Javato y al Dr. Rubén Sanz Blasco su contribución estadística, a Doña Isabel Ponce su labor de corrección y edición esta tesis, y al Dr. Víctor V.
    [Show full text]
  • Stroop Effect
    CONTENT CALENDAR 1. Tuesday 6 March: Intro & Basic Foundations 2. Thursday 8 March: Run an Experiment, Designing Computerized Experiments & Methods in Papers 3. Tuesday13 March: Classic Experiment 1: Attention & Interference 4. Thursday15 March: Classic Experiment 2: Spatial Attention 5. Tuesday 20 March: Classic Experiment 3: Divided & Selective Attention 6. Thursday 22 March: Experimental Design Proposal 7. Tuesday 27 March: Classic Experiment 4: Memory & Response Inhibition 8. Thursday 5 April: Classic Experiment 5: Embodiment & Sense of Self 9. Tuesday10 April: 14.30-18.30. Kinematic Data Acquisition 10. Thursday12 April: Summary & Test 1 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN PROPOSAL . Small groups of 4/5 people (for 5/6 groups in total) . Select one or more relevant recent papers you’d like to focus on . Upload the paper(s) on e-learning . Try to review with a critical attitude the method . Design an original experiment (theoretical impact not essential) . Describe and list all the relevant variables, the timeline and the general procedure . Prepare a (visual) PowerPoint presentation . Present your own experiment in 10/15 minutes maximum (each person of the group should present an equal part), plus discussion from all the class group 2 THE XXXXXX EFFECT MEASURING ATTENTION & INTERFERENCE LESSON 3 LAB: COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL MEASURES Luca Rinaldi 3 THE XXXXXX EFFECT • He received a PhD in experimental psychology from George Peabody College in 1932. • His dissertation, published in The American Journal of Experimental Psychology in 1935, focused
    [Show full text]