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Jose Mª Del Pino Medina UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA DEPARTAMENTO DE PSICOLOGIA EVOLUTIVA Y DE LA EDUCACIÓN TESIS DOCTORAL INFLUENCIA DE LAS INTELIGENCIAS MULTIPLES EN EL RENDIMIENTO DEPORTIVO EN FUTBOL Jose Mª del Pino Medina Programa de doctorado La educación. Problemas y soluciones psicoeducativas. Directores D. Emilio Gómez Milán D. Sergio Moreno Ríos 2012 Editor: Editorial de la Universidad de Granada Autor: José María del Pino Medina D.L.: GR 523-2013 ISBN: 978-84-9028-373-8 Influencia De Las Inteligencias Múltiples En El Rendimiento Deportivo En Futbol 2 Influencia De Las Inteligencias Múltiples En El Rendimiento Deportivo En Futbol A Manuel del Pino del Pino, siempre tan cerca. 3 Influencia De Las Inteligencias Múltiples En El Rendimiento Deportivo En Futbol 4 Influencia De Las Inteligencias Múltiples En El Rendimiento Deportivo En Futbol Agradecimientos A Sergio Moreno Y Emilio Gómez, por la dedicación hacía mi trabajo y el trato hacía mi persona en este largo proceso. El primero por despertar en mí la inquietud, acogerme y ponerme en la senda de aquello que hoy me causa una especial satisfacción. El segundo, por inspirar mi trabajo, acompañar con tanta prudencia como firmeza cada uno de mis pasos, siempre desde la cercanía. A los dos, por permitirme ser yo mismo, y ayudarme a reconocerme y desarrollarme en este mundo. A Cecilia Medina, por estar siempre y ser mi mayor apoyo en todo este proceso. Todo esto te lo debo a ti. A Inmaculada, Adelina y Manuel, por vuestro cariño incondicional tan importante para mí. A Francis Lozano y David Tenorio, por ser fuente de inspiración y motivación de mis inquietudes, y principal sustento de mi ilusión, dedicación y trabajo en el contexto que nos ocupa. A Joseba Aguado y Jose Antonio Martinez, por haberme facilitado tanto las cosas, con su predisposición, consejo y ayuda incondicional. A mis amigos, por respetar y soportar mis largos períodos de ausencia. Al los miembros del Cuerpo Técnico y jugadores del Gabia C.F. y C.F. Sierra Nevada Cenes de la temporada 2005/06, por prestarse amablemente y con tanta predisposición en todo aquello para lo que fueron requeridos. Gracias Santi. Y por supuesto, a mi “familia” del Ciudad de Granada, por que sín ellos, nada de esto tendría sentido. A todos mi más sincero agradecimiento. 5 Influencia De Las Inteligencias Múltiples En El Rendimiento Deportivo En Futbol Índice de contenidos: MARCO TEORICO pp.9 INTRODUCCIÓN pp.10 1.1. Inteligencias múltiples y rendimiento en fútbol pp.11 Capítulo Primero: INTELIGENCIA MOTRIZ Y COMPETENCIA MOTRIZ pp.18 2.1. DEFINICIÓN DE INTELIGENCIA MOTRIZ pp.18 2.2. INTELIGENCIA CORPORAL Y COMPETENCIA MOTRIZ pp.23 Capítulo segundo: INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL Y COMPETENCIA EMOCIONAL EN EL DEPORTE pp.28 2.1. DEFINICION DE INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL pp.28 2.2. COMPETENCIA EMOCIONAL EN EL ÁMBITO FÍSICO-DEPORTIVO pp.31 2.3. LA PERCEPCIÓN DE COMPETENCIA EN EL DEPORTE pp.35 Capítulo Tercero: MANIFESTACIONES DE LA INTELIGENCIA Y COMPETENCIA MOTRIZ: TALENTO Y RENDIMIENTO EXPERTO EN EL DEPORTE pp.37 3.1. EL TALENTO, UNA MANIFESTACIÓN DE LA INTELIGENCIA DEPORTIVA pp.39 3.1.1. Características del talento deportivo pp.40 3.2. CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL RENDIMIENTO EXPERTO EN EL DEPORTE pp.43 3.2.1. El conocimiento y su influencia en la competencia experta pp.45 3.2.2.1. El conocimiento táctico como manifestación del rendimiento experto en el deporte pp.46 3.2.2. EL PROCESO DE TOMA DE DECISIÓN EN EL DEPORTE pp.47 3.2.3. RELACIÓN ENTRE EXPERIENCIA Y PRÁCTICA EN LA ADQUISICIÓN DE LA PERICIA DEPORTIVA pp.49 MARCO METODOLOGICO pp.52 INTRODUCCIÓN pp.53 Artículo Primero: INTELIGENCIAS MÚLTIPLES Y DEPORTE pp.55 METODO pp.58 Participantes pp.58 Procedimiento pp.59 Interactive Multiple Intelligence Test (IMIT) pp.59 RESULTADOS pp.60 Comparación del perfil de Inteligencia Múltiple entre las diferenctes modalidades deportivas pp.62 Comparación del perfil de Inteligencia Múltiple en deportistas frente a no deportistas pp.62 Perfil de Inteligencia Múltiple en mujeres y hombres deportistas pp.64 DISCUSION pp.64 Artículo Segundo: EVALUACIÓN OBJETIVA Y SUBJETIVA DEL RENDIMIENTO EN FÚTBOL. pp.68 MÉTODO pp.70 Participantes pp.70 Procedimiento pp.71 Medidas para la valoración del rendimiento deportivo en fútbol: pp.71 A) Indicadores de valoración objetiva: pp.71 A.1.) Evaluación de la capacidad condicional a través del consumo máximo de pp.71 oxigeno (VO2máx) A-2) Datos Estadísticos de Competición pp.72 A-3) Valoración de Expertos pp.73 6 Influencia De Las Inteligencias Múltiples En El Rendimiento Deportivo En Futbol B) Indicadores de valoración subjetiva pp.73 B-1) Cuestionario de valoración subjetiva para jugadores pp.73 B-2) Cuestionario de valoración subjetiva para Entrenador y cuerpo técnico pp.73 RESULTADOS pp.74 Correlaciones entre las medidas objetivas y subjetivas de rendimiento deportivo en fútbol. pp.81 La valoración de la competencia futbolística pp.83 DISCUSIÓN pp.85 CONCLUSIONES pp.92 Artículo Tercero: INFLUENCIA DE LAS INTELIGENCIAS MULTIPLES EN EL RENDIMIENTO EN FUTBOL pp.95 MÉTODO pp.99 Participantes pp.99 Procedimiento pp.99 Perfil de Inteligencias Múltiples pp.99 Medidas para la valoración del rendimiento deportivo en fútbol pp.99 A) Medidas de valoración objetiva pp.99 A-1) Medida de la cualidad física de resistencia con el Test de Course-Navette pp.100 A-2) Datos estadísticos de competición pp.100 B) Medidas de valoración subjetiva pp.100 B-1) Cuestionario de valoración subjetiva para jugadores pp.100 B-2) Cuestionario de valoración subjetiva para Entrenador y cuerpo técnico pp.101 RESULTADOS pp.101 Perfil de Inteligencia Múltiple en Futbolistas pp.103 Perfil de Inteligencias Múltiples por demarcaciones en jugadores de fútbol. pp.103 Patrón general de IM y Perfil de Rendimiento objetivo y Subjetivo. pp.103 Perfil de IM específico en futbolistas pp.105 DISCUSIÓN pp.107 CONCLUSIONES pp.111 Artículo Cuarto: RELACIÓN ENTRE INTELIGENCIA GENERAL Y FACTORIAL EN EL RENDIMIENTO EN FÚTBOL pp.112 Antecedentes en el estudio de la inteligencia y su implicación con las capacidades asociadas pp.114 al rendimiento deportivo MÉTODO pp.116 Participantes pp.116 Procedimiento pp.116 Medidas de inteligencia pp.116 A) Medidas de valoración objetiva de la inteligencia pp.116 A-1) Medida de inteligencia general (BETA) pp.117 A-2) Medidas de las aptitudes diferenciales (DAT) pp.118 A-3) Cuestionario de valores interpersonales (SIV) pp.119 B) Medidas de valoración subjetiva de la inteligencia pp.120 B-1) Interactive Múltiple Intelligence Test (IMIT) pp.121 B-2) Cuestionario de valoración personal de las inteligencias múltiples pp.121 C) Medidas para la valoración del rendimiento deportivo en fútbol pp.121 RESULTADOS pp.121 Medidas de valoración objetiva de la inteligencia pp.121 Valores en la prueba de Inteligencia General (CI), BETA. pp.121 Valores en la prueba Valoración de las Aptitudes Diferenciales (DAT) pp.122 Valores en el Cuestionario de Valores Interpersonales (SIV) pp.122 Medidas de valoración subjetiva de la inteligencia pp.124 Valores Promedio y Desviación Típica en el Interactive Múltiple Intelligence Test pp.124 (IMIT) Valores Promedio y Desviación Típica en el Cuestionario de valoración personal de pp.125 las inteligencias múltiples Análisis de correlaciones entre las variables de Inteligencia y las demarcaciones pp.126 futbolísticas. 7 Influencia De Las Inteligencias Múltiples En El Rendimiento Deportivo En Futbol Análisis de correlaciones entre las distintas variables de Inteligencia Objetiva (Tests) y pp.128 Subjetiva (Cuestionarios IM) Análisis de correlaciones entre las distintas variables de Inteligencia Objetiva (Tests) pp.129 Análisis de correlaciones entre las distintas variables de Inteligencia Objetiva (Tests) y pp.131 Subjetiva (Cuestionarios IM) con las variables de Rendimiento Objetivo en Fútbol Análisis de correlaciones entre las Medidas de Evaluación Objetiva de la inteligencia frente pp.131 a las Variables de Rendimiento en fútbol Análisis de correlaciones entre las Medidas de Evaluación Subjetiva de la inteligencia frente pp.133 a las Variables de Rendimiento en fútbol DISCUSIÓN pp.133 CONCLUSIONES pp.138 Artículo Quinto: IMPLICACIÓN DE LAS EMOCIONES EN EL RENDIMIENTO DEPORTIVO EN FÚTBOL pp.139 MÉTODO pp.141 Participantes pp.141 Procedimiento pp.142 Medidas para la valoración del rendimiento deportivo en fútbol pp.142 A) Indicadores de valoración objetiva pp.142 A-1) Valoración de la capacidad condicional a través de la valoración del VO2máx pp.142 A-2) Datos Estadísticos de Competición pp.142 B) Indicadores de valoración subjetiva pp.142 B-1) Cuestionario de valoración subjetiva para jugadores pp.142 B-2) Cuestionario de valoración subjetiva para Entrenador y cuerpo técnico pp.143 Evaluación de la Respuesta Emocional a través de la adaptación del sistema de fotografías IASP y el cuestionario SAM para futbolistas pp.144 Adaptación del sistema IASP en fútbol. pp.144 Descripción de las Categorías seleccionadas para la versión del IAPS en fútbol pp.144 RESULTADOS pp.148 Análisis por demarcaciones pp.150 Análisis de Correlaciones entre las medidas de rendimiento y los resultados en el cuestionario SAM emocional del sistema IASP de fútbol. pp.153 Correlaciones globales por categorías pp.153 Correlaciones por demarcación pp.153 DISCUSION pp.157 CONCLUSIONES pp.162 Artículo Sexto: FUNCIÓN EJECUTIVA Y RENDIMIENTO EN FÚTBOL pp.163 Función ejecutiva y deporte pp.166 MÉTODO pp.171 Participantes pp.171 Procedimiento pp.171 A) Medidas de Función Ejecutiva pp.171 A-1) Tarea de Apuestas de Iowa (Iowa Gambling Task) pp.171 A-2) Pruebas atencionales de TR: Stroop Espacial pp.172 A-3) Tarea de costo por cambio de la disposición mental pp.172 A-4) Torre de Hanoi (TOH) pp.172 B) Medidas para la valoración del rendimiento deportivo en fútbol pp.173 RESULTADOS pp.173 CONCLUSIONES pp.176 CONCLUSIONES FINALES pp.177 PROSPECTIVAS DE INVESTIGACION pp.189 BIBLIOGRAFÍA pp.192 ANEXOS pp.234 8 Influencia De Las Inteligencias Múltiples En El Rendimiento Deportivo En Futbol 9 Influencia De Las Inteligencias Múltiples En El Rendimiento Deportivo En Futbol INTRODUCCIÓN El rendimiento de los deportistas debe definirse y evaluarse en función de las variables específicas que en cada especialidad deportiva resulten relevantes (Dal Monte et al, 1987).
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