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Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 Tahun 2002 Tentang Hak Cipta

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Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 Tahun 2002 Tentang Hak Cipta Dr. Tundjung Herning Sitabuana, S.H., C.N., M.Hum. HUKUM TATA NEGARA INDONESIA UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 19 TAHUN 2002 TENTANG HAK CIPTA KETENTUAN PIDANA Pasal 72 (1) Barangsiapa dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak melakukan perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 2 ayat (1) atau Pasal 49 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) dipidana dengan pidana penjara masing-masing paling singkat 1 (satu) bulan dan/atau denda paling sedikit Rp 1.000.000,00 (satu juta rupiah), atau pidana penjara paling lama 7 (tujuh) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp 5.000.000.000,00 (lima miliar rupiah). (2) Barangsiapa dengan sengaja menyiarkan, memamerkan, mengedarkan, atau menjual kepada umum suatu Ciptaan atau barang hasil pelanggaran Hak Cipta atau Hak Terkait sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp 500.000.000,00 (lima ratus juta rupiah). HUKUM TATA NEGARA INDONESIA Dr. Tundjung Herning Sitabuana, S.H., C.N., M.Hum. Jakarta 2020 HUKUM TATA NEGARA INDONESIA Copyrights @ 2020, Tundjung Herning Sitabuana ISBN: 978-602-7995-25-3 Penyunting: Rahadian Prima Nugraha, S.H., M.H. Rosalia Agustin Shela Hendrasmara, S.H., M.H. Perancang Sampul: Teguh Birawa Tata Letak: Nur Budiman Pertama kali diterbitkan dalam Bahasa Indonesia oleh Penerbit Konpress, 2020 Penerbit Konstitusi Press (Konpress) Jl. Medan Merdeka Barat No. 6 Jakarta 10110 Telp. (021) 2352 9000 ext 18296 e-mail: [email protected] Cetakan pertama, Maret 2020 Hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang Dilarang memperbanyak karya tulis ini dalam bentuk dan dengan cara apa pun tanpa izin tertulis dari Penerbit KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur ke hadirat Allah SWT –Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa– karena berkat rahmat, karunia, dan bimbingan-Nya penulisan buku ini akhirnya dapat diselesaikan. Dengan selesainya penulisan buku ini, Penulis pmenghaturkan sembah nuwun yang tak terhingga kepada yang tercinta dan terkasih “pengukir jiwa ragaku” ayahanda Almarhum Drs. Toeloes Koesoemaboedaja, dan ibunda R. Ay. Koentjarawati Koesoemaboedaja yang telah membesarkan penulis dengan penuh kasih sayang, atas teladan dan perhatiannya kepada penulis. Kepada yang tercinta dan terkasih suamiku (Prof. Dr. Arief Hidayat, S.H., M.S.), anak-anakku (Mita dan Angga), menantuku (mas Dewa dan Ayu), serta kedua cucuku (Indra dan Andra), penulis sampaikan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya atas kasih sayang, pengertian dan dukungan yang selama ini telah diberikan. Pembaca, buku ini terdiri dari empat belas bab. “Bab I Pendahuluan” membicarakan pengertian hukum tata negara, hubungan hukum tata negara dengan cabang ilmu pengetahuan lainnya, materi muatan (objek yang dipelajari) hukum tata negara Indonesia, metode pendekatan ilmu hukum tata negara, kapan hukum tata negara Indonesia mulai ada, fungsi hukum tata negara Indonesia, penegakan hukum tata negara Indonesia, kekhususan hukum tata negara Indonesia, perkembangan hukum tata negara Indonesia, dan sumber hukum tata negara Indonesia. “Bab II Konstitusi Indonesia” dimulai dengan pengantar, dilanjutkan dengan pembahasan mengenai konstitusi-konstitusi Indonesia, arti penting pembukaan UUD 1945, Perubahan UUD 1945, prosedur Perubahan UUD 1945, dan Komisi Konstitusi. “Bab III Sejarah Perundang-undangan Indonesia” menyajikan uraian mengenai Jenis peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia menurut UUD 1945, sumber tertib hukum dan tata urutan peraturan perundang- Kata Pengantar undangan Indonesia menurut Ketetapan MPRS Nomor XX/MPRS/1966, sumber tertib hukum dan tata urutan peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia menurut Ketetapan MPR RI Nomor III/MPR/2000, jenis dan tata urutan peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2004, jenis dan tata urutan peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019, serta lembaga negara yang diberi kewenangan melakukan pengujian undang-undang dan peraturan perundang-undangan di bawah undang-undang. “Bab IV Wilayah Negara, Pertahanan-Keamanan Negara, dan Keimigrasian” dimulai dengan pengantar, dilanjutkan dengan uraian mengenai wilayah negara, pertahanan dan keamanan negara, serta keimigrasian (yang meliputi pengertian umum keimigrasian, peran penting keimigrasian, politik hukum keimigrasian, hukum keimigrasian Indonesia, dan tindakan admnistratif keimigrasian). “Bab V Warga Negara dan Kewarganegaraan” menguraikan mengenai warga negara dan penduduk, prinsip dasar kewarganegaraan, perolehan dan kehilangan kewarganegaraan, hukum kewarganegaraan Indonesia, Warga Negara Indonesia menurut Undamg-Undang Kewarganegaraan Tahun 2006, syarat dan tata cara memperoleh kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia, kehilangan kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia, serta syarat dan tata cara memperoleh kembali kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia. “Bab VI Bentuk Negara, Susunan Negara, dan Sistem Pemerintahan” menjelaskan mengenai bentuk negara, susunan negara, sistem pemerintahan, bentuk dan susunan negara Indonesia, serta sistem pemerintahan Indonesia. “Bab VII Lembaga Negara (Institusi-Institusi yang Dibentuk Guna Melaksanakan Fungsi Negara)” dimulai dengan pengantar, kemudian vi Kata Pengantar dilanjutkan dengan uraian mengenai lembaga negara di Indonesia (yang meliputi lembaga negara sebelum Perubahan UUD 1945, dan lembaga negara sesudah Perubahan UUD 1945), dan hubungan antarlembaga negara. “Bab VIII Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat” menguraikan mengenai sejarah pembentukan, wewenang, tugas, serta hak dan kewajiban Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat. “Bab IX Konsepsi, Model, dan Fungsi Lembaga Perwakilan Rakyat, serta Lembaga Perwakilan Rakyat Indonesia” menguraikan mengenai konsepsi lembaga perwakilan rakyat, model lembaga perwakilan rakyat, fungsi lembaga perwakilan rakyat, dan lembaga perwakilan rakyat di Indonesia (yang terdiri dari sejarah pembentukan, susunan, kedudukan dan keanggotaan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat; kemudian fungsi, wewenang, dan tugas Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, hak Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat; serta hak dan kewajiban anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat). “Bab X Dewan Perwakilan Daerah” membahas mulai dari cikal bakal Dewan Perwakilan Daerah; pembentukan, hakikat keberadaan, serta susunan dan kedudukan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah; kemudian fungsi, wewenang dan tugas serta hak Dewan Perwakilan Daerah; keanggotaan, juga hak dan kewajiban anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah. “Bab XI Kekuasaan Kehakiman” diawali dengan pengantar, dilanjutkan dengan uraian mengenai pengertian kekuasaan kehakiman, prinsip-prinsip pokok kekuasaan kehakiman, asas penyelenggaraan kekuasaan kehakiman, pelaku kekuasaan kehakiman, Mahkamah Agung, dan Komisi Yudisial. “Bab XII Mahkamah Konstitusi” dimulai dengan pengantar, diikuti pembahasan mengenai pembentukan Mahkamah Konstitusi; wewenang, kewajiban, dan fungsi Mahkamah Konstitusi; kedudukan hukum (legal standing) pemohon; jenis pengujian undang-undang, Putusan Mahkamah vii Kata Pengantar Konstitusi (yang terdiri dari pengertian, dan jenis putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi; prinsip ultra petita; amar putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi; pendapat berbeda (dissenting opinion) dalam putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi; kekuatan hukum putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi, serta pelaksanaan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi). “Bab XIII Partai Politik dan Pemilihan Umum” membahas mengenai partai politik (yang meliputi partai politik dan demokrasi; fungsi partai politik; sistem kepartaian; serta sejarah partai politik dan sistem kepartaian di Indonesia), dan pemilihan umum (yang meliputi bentuk dan mekanisme penyaluran pendapat umum, sistem pemilihan umum, serta pemilihan umum di Indonesia). “Bab XIV Hak Asasi Manusia” terdiri dari pengertian hak asasi manusia, sejarah pengakuan hak asasi manusia, serta pengakuan dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia. Akhir kata, semoga buku ini bermanfaat bagi semua pihak yang membutuhkan. Menyadari banyaknya kekurangan dalam buku ini, segala masukan yang bersifat konstruktif sangat penulis harapkan. Jakarta, November 2019 Tundjung Herning Sitabuana viii DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR DAFTAR ISI DAFTAR SINGKATAN BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Pengertian Hukum Tata Negara .................................. 1 B. Hubungan Hukum Tata Negara dengan Cabang Ilmu Pengetahuan Lainnya ............................................... 3 C. Materi Muatan atau Objek yang Dipelajari Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia .................................................... 4 D. Metode Pendekatan Ilmu Hukum Tata Negara ........ 5 E. Kapan Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia Mulai Ada?... 6 F. Fungsi Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia ...................... 6 G. Penegakan Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia ............... 6 H. Kekhususan Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia ............ 6 I. Perkembangan Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia ........ 7 J. Sumber Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia .................... 7 BAB II KONSTITUSI INDONESIA A. Pengantar ............................................................................ 11 B. Konstitusi-Konstitusi Indonesia .................................. 12 C. Arti Penting Pembukaan UUD 1945 ......................... 18 D. Perubahan UUD 1945 ................................................... 21 E. Prosedur Perubahan UUD NRI Tahun 1945 ............ 30 F. Komisi Konstitusi ............................................................. 33 Daftar Isi BAB III SEJARAH PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN INDONESIA A. Jenis Peraturan Perundang-undangan Indonesia Menurut UUD 1945 yang Disahkan 18 Agustus 1945 ..................................................................................... 15 B. Sumber Tertib Hukum dan Tata urutan Peraturan
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