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X-Rays of Oriented Aggregates

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X-Rays of Oriented Aggregates Clay Mineral Identification Flow Diagram X-rays of Oriented Aggregates Randomly-oriented Heated to 400oC Heated to 550oC Electron micrograph aggregate mount of clay Treated with ethylene glycol if required fraction (<2 m) Air Dried at least ½ hour at least ½ hour Results Expands to 31-32 with Regularly interstratified chlorite- ~29 May disappear or Increases in intensity rational sequence of give 24 spacing of 24 spacing montmorillonite or chlorite- higher orders vermiculite (corrensite) Expands May give irrational sequences May give irrational Randomly interstratified chlorite- but gives irrational sequence -- may show increase in intensity sequence montmorillonite Peaks may be broad of 12-14 peak ~14 No change No change Increases in intensity 060 near 1.54 Chlorite 060 near 1.50 Dioctahedral chlorite No change or No change or slight Collapses to ~10 060 near 1.54 slight increase additional collapse Vermiculite Additional collapses Slight collapse to ~12 to ~11 060 near 1.50 Dioctahedral vermiculite No change or slight Expands to 17 Collapses to ~10 060 near 1.50 additional collapse Montmorillonite Collapses to ~10 No change or slight 060 near 1.52 with very weak 5 peak additional collapse Nontronite Trioctahedral montmorillonite 060 near 1.54 or vermiculite >10-14 No change - Regularly interstratified Rational sequence of Collapses to ~10 Collapses to 10 060 near 1.54 higher orders. illite-vermiculite No change or slight Regularly interstratified No change 060 near 1.54 increase in intensity illite-chlorite No change - Randomly interstratified Collapses to ~10 Collapses to 10 060 near 1.54 Irrational sequence illite-vermiculite No change or slight Randomly interstratified No change 060 near 1.54 increase in intensity illite-chlorite Expands to Interstratified Collapses to ~10 Collapses to 10 060 near 1.50 higher spacing illite-montmorillonite 060 near 1.54 Interstratified trioctahedral illite-montmorillonite Interstratified dioctahedral No change Slight collapse Further collapse 060 near 1.50 illite-vermiculite Destroyed or reduced Check hkl’s 12-12.5 No change Destroyed Fibrous morphology Sepiolite in intensity against standard Destroyed - - may Check hkl’s 10.5 No change survive slightly at Destroyed Fibrous morphology Palygorskite against standard lower temperature 060 between Illite (and/or mica), ~10 Symmetrical No change No change No change 1.51 - 1.52 muscovitic, 5 peak very various polymorphs 060 between Glauconite or 1.51 - 1.52 Celadonite 5 peak very (Roscoelite if V bearing) 060 near 1.54 Biotite various polymorphs Interstratified Unsymmetrical or No change or illite-montmorillonite or 060 variable slight shift either way slight sharpening illite-vermiculite (Illite) Expands to ~11 Collapses to ~7 Destroyed Tubular morphology 060 near 1.49 Endellite Check hkl’s 7 No change No change No change Fibrous morphology Chrysotile against standard Check hkl’s Platy morphology Antigorite against standard 060 near 1.49 Disordered kaolinite Destroyed Platy morphology hk bands present (Fireclay) moderately broad 001’s 060 near 1.54 Chlorite Dioctahedral 060 near 1.50 Chlorite Kaolinite Hexagonal morphology hkl’s resolved Dickite Nacrite Increase in spacing Collapses to 7 Destroyed Tubular morphology 060 near 1.49 Halloysite or no change hk bands present.
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