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Lower Cretaceous Sauropod Trackways from Lishui City and An

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Lower Cretaceous Sauropod Trackways from Lishui City and An Xing et al. Journal of Palaeogeography (2018) 7:9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s42501-018-0011-5 Journal of Palaeogeography RESEARCH Open Access Lower Cretaceous sauropod trackways from Lishui City and an overview of dinosaur dominated track assemblages from Zhejiang Province, China Li-Da Xing1,2,3, Chun-Yong Chou2*, Martin G. Lockley4, Anthony Romilio5, Hendrik Klein6, Nan Li2 and W. Scott Persons IV7 Abstract A relatively small number of tetrapod tracksites from Zhejiang Province fills out the fossil record from that region, which is also known to have yielded both saurischian (titanosauriform, coelurosaur) and ornithischian (basal ornithopod, ankylosaurian) body fossils as well as dinosaurian eggs. We use photogrammetry and 3D imaging to reinterpret the sauropod tracks from Lishui City, which revealed the existence of trackways. The track record from three documented sites in Zhejiang Province includes avian and non-avian theropod, sauropod, ornithopod and pterosaur tracks. Previous work showed that the purported new bird ichnospecies Dongyangornipes sinensis is a synonym of Uhangrichnus chuni, while we here consider Pteraichnus dongyangensis as a nomen dubium. Such “provincial ichnotaxonomy” may mask similarities in the ichnofauna across large regions. In fact, we show that the ichnofauna is similar to that found in the Early Cretaceous elsewhere in China. Keywords: Sauropod tracks, Theropod tracks, Bird tracks, Pterosaur tracks, Lishui Basin, Zhejiang Province 1 Introduction reveal important new details of footprint morphology of In recent years, Zhejiang Province has become an import- sauropod trackways. ant focus of study for China’s Mesozoic vertebrates, espe- cially the province’s rich and diverse dinosaur egg fossils 2 Geological setting (Jin et al., 2012). Dinosaur skeletal fossils have also been 2.1 Cretaceous strata in Zhejiang Province found in several basins of Zhejiang Province, the material In Zhejiang Province, there are more than 30 basins with being attributed to titanosauriforms (Lü et al., 2008), exposures of the Cretaceous terrestrial red beds. These ornithischians (Zheng et al., 2012), and ankylosaurians basins are mainly distributed in the central and eastern (Zheng et al., 2018). The first dinosaur tracks from Zhe- areas and range from several to over 500 km2 (Fig. 1). jiang were described by Matsukawa et al. (2009)fromthe Their basements are formed by widely distributed vol- Xiaqiao site in the south, which included sauropod tracks canic rock series. Generally, the basins are dominated by from the Lower Cretaceous Shouchang Formation. The fluvial−lacustrine detrital deposits, with a small quantity Upper Cretaceous Jinhua Formation produced a rich track of pyroclastic components. However, the geologic classi- assemblage, including footprints of non-avian theropods, fication of these strata has proven challenging. Different pterosaurs and birds (Lü et al. 2010; Azuma et al. 2013). opinions exist, not only regarding the stratigraphic ages In May 2017, the first author of this study investigated of different series, but also the categorization of the indi- the Xiaqiao site and used digital ortho-photography to vidual stratigraphic units (Jin et al., 2012; Fig. 2). Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources * Correspondence: [email protected] (1996) established the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous 2School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China Jiande Group (Luocun, Huangjian, Shouchang and Heng- Full list of author information is available at the end of the article shan Formations) and the Upper Cretaceous Qujiang © The Author(s). 2018 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Xing et al. Journal of Palaeogeography (2018) 7:9 Page 2 of 11 Fig. 1 Palaeogeographic distribution of the Cretaceous dinosaur−pterosaur footprints and skeletal remains, and the Cretaceous basins in Zhejiang Province. The (insert) map of China was based on the GS(2016)2892 standard map from NASG. Description for Nos. 1–24 can be referred to Table 1. The site No. 22 (Xiaqiao site) is described in detail in this study Group (Zhongdai, Jinhua and Quxian Formations) and strata of Zhejiang Province into the Lower Cretaceous Tongxiang Formation, in the Yangtze stratigraphic area; Luocun, Huangjian, Shouchang, Hengshan and Guantou and, the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Moshishan Formations, and the Upper Cretaceous Chaochuan, Fang- Group (Dashuang, Gaowu, Xishantou, Chawan, Jiuliping yan, Lanxi, Quxian and Tongxiang Formations. Based on and Zhucun Formations), the Lower Cretaceous Yong- a comprehensive analysis of lithostratigraphic sequence, kang Group (Guantou, Chaochuan, Fangyan, Keshan and paleontology, and isotope age, Cai and Yu (2001)sug- Xiaopingtian Formations) and the Upper Cretaceous gested that the Yongkang, Tiantai and Hengjiang Groups Tiantai Group (Tangshang, Liangtoutang and Chicheng- are synchronous equivalents of different facies without shan Formations), in the Southeast China stratigraphic overlap, accumulated between the late Early Cretaceous area (see Fig. 2). Chen (2000) divided the Cretaceous and the early Late Cretaceous. Cai and Yu (2001) Xing et al. Journal of Palaeogeography (2018) 7:9 Page 3 of 11 Fig. 2 An overview of the Upper Jurassic−Cretaceous stratigraphic units involved in the study area, after different researches and with demarcated track-bearing levels re-established the Lower Cretaceous Jiande Group (Luo- (GPS: 28°32′6.24″N, 119°44′39.18″E), at the northwest- cun, Huangjian, and Shouchang Formations) and the ern edge of the Lishui Basin (No. 22 in Fig. 1 and Upper Cretaceous Qujiang Group (Zhongdai, Jinhua, Table 1). The Moshishan Group is dominated by acidic Hengshan [Zhongdai+Jinhua] and Quxian Formations) and intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks interbedded with and the Tongxiang Formation, in the Yangtze stratigraphic sedimentary rocks; and mainly yields fossils of spores, area; and, the Lower Cretaceous Moshishan Group stonewort, ostracods, conchostracans, bivalves, gastro- (Dashuang, Gaowu, Xishantou, Chawan and Jiuliping For- pods, insects, fish, and reptiles (Zhejiang Bureau of mations), the Upper Cretaceous Yongkang Group (Guan- Geology and Mineral Resources, 1989; Wang, 2001). tou, Chaochuan and Fangyan Formations) and the Upper The Moshishan Group was previously designated as the Cretaceous Tiantai Group (Tangshang, Liangtoutang and Upper Jurassic on the basis of biostratigraphic compari- Chichengshan Formations), in the Southeast China strati- sons (Gu, 1982). Through the zircon U−Pb dating of vol- graphic area (Fig. 2). canic rocks, Li et al. (2014) demonstrated that these volcanic rocks were ~ 136–129 Ma in age, erupted in 2.2 Xiaqiao site the Early Cretaceous. Zhang et al. (2012) confirmed iso- The dinosaur tracks were found beside a stream in Xia- topic ages of the Early Cretaceous for different forma- qiao Village, Laozhu Town, Liantu District, Lishui City tions of the Moshishan Group in eastern Zhejiang Xing et al. Journal of Palaeogeography (2018) 7:9 Page 4 of 11 Table 1 The distribution of dinosaur dominated track sites and dinosaur−pterosaur skeleton fossil records found from Zhejiang Province, China No. Specimens Strata Basin Location 1 Titanosaurid Upper Cretaceous Jinqu Lixian Village, Jiangshan City Jiangshanosaurus lixianensis (Tang et al., 2001) Jinhua Formation 2 Titanosaurid Upper Cretaceous Jinqu Dongyang City Dongyangosaurus sinensis (Lü et al., 2008) Fangyan Formation 3 Therizinosaur “Mid” Cretaceous Jinqu Zhongdai Village, Jinhua City “Chilantaisaurus” zheziangensis (Dong, 1979; Zanno, 2010) Chaochuan Formation 4 Ankylosaur “Mid” Cretaceous Jinqu Yangyan Village, Dongyang City Dongyangopelta yangyanensis (Chen et al., 2013a) Chaochuan Formation 5 Hadrosaurid (Yu, 2013) “Mid” Cretaceous Jinqu Yinian Village, Zhuji City Chaochuan Formation 6 Hadrosaurid (Yu, 2013) Upper Cretaceous Jinqu Shangfang Village, Lanxi City Zhongdai Formation 7 Dinosaur fragments (Jin et al., 2012) Upper Cretaceous Jinqu Pujiang County, Jinhua City Jinhua Formation 8 Dinosaur fragments (Yu, 2013) Upper Cretaceous Jinqu Gaotangshi Village, Quzhou City Jinhua Formation 9 Theropoda tooth (Yu, 2013) “Mid” Cretaceous Hushan Xianglugang Village, Suichang Chaochuan County Formation 10 Sauropod and theropod (Yu, 2013) “Mid” Cretaceous Yongkang Xishantou Village, Yongkang City Chaochuan Formation 11 Ankylosaur “Mid” Cretaceous Huzhen Lizhuang Village, Jinyun County, Jinyunpelta sinensis (Zheng et al., 2018) Liangtoutang Lishui City Formation 12 Ankylosaur “Mid” Cretaceous Lishui Liancheng Town, Lishui City Zhejiangosaurus lishuiensis (Lü et al., 2007) Chaochuan Formation 13 Sauropod (Yu, 2013) Upper Cretaceous Xinsheng Tinghu Village, Shengzhou City Fangyan Formation 14 Dinosaur fragments (Yu, 2013) “Mid” Cretaceous Xinsheng Shima Mountain, Shaoxing City Chaochuan Formation 15 Hadrosaurid and basal ornithopod (Yu, 2013) “Mid” Cretaceous Tiantai Huangmei Mountain, Tiantai County Liangtoutang Formation 16 Therizinosauroid “Mid” Cretaceous Tiantai Fangshan Village, Tiantai County “Tiantaiosaurus” (Qian et al., 2012) Chaochuan Formation 17 Therizinosauroid (Yu, 2013) “Mid” Cretaceous Tiantai
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