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VOL7 NOB ISSUE 39 MAY -JUNE 1979 $2,00
Dr. Dobb's Journal is not only a highly DR. DoBB's JOURNALof respected reference journal, but a lively forum for the more advanced home computeri$!. 8a8~tlb~~~ Running Light Without Overbyle
COMPLETE SYSTEMS & APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE OUR READERS SAY User documentation, internal specifications, annotated source code. In the three years of publication, DOJ has carried a large "You maintain a high qualitY in your Journal that fills a gap in variety of interpreters, editors, debuggen, monitors, graphics the microprocessor field." games software, floating point routines and software design articles. Recent issues have highlighted: "Dr. Dobb'$ Journal will soon be recognized as a true scientific • An Interactive Timeshared journal in the heartland of micro software." 8080 Operating System • Tiny Grafix for Tiny Basic "One of the reasons I subscribe to DDJ is that it is the best • The Heath H-B System source of articles on doing big things on smalt computers." • A KIM/6502 Line Editor • Lisp for the 6800 "Dr. Dobb'$ Joumal remains uniquely free from hype; • Dumping Northstar Disk Files continues to be intelligent, critical, stimulating-don't let any • A 1 K Utilities Package for the ZOO of this change."
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2 _,..'LlLlle· PET- Reviews -APL· Games -TRS-80· Progra BYRCN JOHNSeN 5/81 356 LA GUN A TERR SIMI VALLEY, CA 93065 PASCAL- FutureplayTM -BASIC -Reviews -FRP -~\A/TD,r v
STAFF Volume 7 Number 6 May - June 1979 SUBMITTING ITEMS FOR PUBLICATION EDITORS Bob Albrecht LABEL everything with your name, addreu and the dille; tapes should also if1(;lude the program name, language end syUlm. TYPE text if at all possible, doubie-sp8lOed, on 8%:0: Louise Burton 11 inch white paper. DRAWI NGS should be as elear and neallt$ possible in black ink on Ramon Zamora ....nite paper. ART/PRODUCTION MANAGER Sara Werry LISTINGS are hard to reproduC1! clea rl y, so please note: Special Features • Use a new ribbon on plain white paper when making II lining; we prefer rOll paper 0' PRODUCTION ASSISTANT 1y nmm i<; ~eh lan-fold paper. Carole Cullenbine 8 TESTIMONY TO A MICRO - PETER CAN NOW REAO by John Pollard • Send copies of one or more RUNs 01 your program, to verily that it runs and to ARTISTS 05t ~rnrner ITI' Parents use a TRS-80 to teach a dyslexic child provide a sense of how things work-and to motivate more of us to read the code. RUNs Jay Bonner 16 THE GAME OF LIFE by Howard A Peelle should illurtrate the main porpose and operation of your program 8$ clearly 35 possible. Ateeca Harrison Bells, whistles and special feiuures should just be described in the documentation unless ktd 90t me (l Create a cross, a hook, a beehive, a barge, a glider ... they're particularly relevant. Ann Miya • Make sure your code is well documented-use a separate sheet of paoper. Refer to Judith Wasserman 32 FORTRAN MAN by Lee Schneider & Todd Voros portions of code by line number or label or address, plea$B, not by page number. When TYPESETTERS ~mpLlter. Our hero & Billy BASIC join forces once again writing documentation. keep in mind that reader$ will include b&ginners and people ..... ho Phyllis Adams 34 WHAT IS ALL THIS STUFF? by Charlie Krank may be relatively inexperienced with the language you're usong. Hetpful documentation/ Gavin Cullen annotation can make yO\.lr code useful to more people. Documentati on should discuss A beginner's guide to FRP just which cases are covered lind which IIren't. Renny Wiggins P. 8 • Lf yO\.l send us a program to pubtish, we reserve the right to annotllte it (don't worlY, PROOFREADER we won't publish it if we don't like it l- Nancy Heubach Articles • WIst but not least, please tlY to limit the ..... idth of your linings: 50·60 characters is CIRCULATION MANAGER ideal. Narro...... idths mean tess reduction, bener readabilitY and bett&r use of space. Michael Madaj 28 PILOT FOR THE APPLE II by Chuck Carpenter An extended Micro· PILOT interpreter LETTERS are always welcome; we assume it's OK to publish them unless YOU Mk us not BULK SALES MANAGER to. Upon request we ..... iII ..... ithhold YOUr name from a published letter, but we will not Cyhthia Kosina 39 SOFTWARE REVIEWS by the PET GAZETTE People publish corr1!SPondence sent to us anonymO\.lsty. We reserve the right to edit letters for SPOT EDITOR For those who want the yery best purposes of clarity and brevity. Harry Saal 40 CONCEPT SANS COMPUTER by Eryk Vershen PROMOTION MANAGER Using your brain instead of your computer SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION Betty Roeth 48 GOLF HANDICAPPING by Milan D. Ghepko PUBLISHER U. S. RATES FOREIGN RATES One country club membership for the TRS-80 Willard J. Holden 50 HUNT by Michael Richter 0$10/1 yr. (6 issues) Paymenu must be in SUS drawn on a And a special thanks to all the other p.16 o Retaining subscription @ $25 US bank. folks at People's Computer Company: A meta-game for the PET ($15 tax deductible) o $17 Canada First Qass Robin Allison, Ezra BeI1l, Della Oanlols, o Sustaining subscription@$loo-+ o $23 Rest 01 World A,rmail leRoy Finkel, Loic Jany, Ann Merch· ($90-+ ta:o: deductible) o $14 World Surface Mail berger, Paula Pustmueller, Curtis Roads, Games & Stuff Suzanne Rodriguez, John Strawn, Nette 14 ROUND 2: BASIC VS PASCAL VS BASIC by S. Ravn-Jensen Please allow6·9 _ks for your fi"t Deliwry of foreign mail is 510 ..... and unre' CekanllSky Wang, Denise Winn. It's a left by Ravn ·Jensen ... a right by Mundie issue to arrive. liable. We Strongly advise airmail. RETAINING SUBSCRIBERS 42 INSPECTOR CLEW ·SO by Ronald J. Carlson eACK ISSUES Simulate a sleuthhound Algorithmics, Inc. $2.50 each: $3.00 each: Outside the U.S. add David R. Dick 44 T.V. TEST PATTERN by Milan D. Chepko Vol. 6, Nos. 1,2,3,4,5; Vol. 7. Nos. I, 2 VoL. 7, NOI. 3,4, 6 $.50 per issue. Mark Elgin Tune up your TRS· BO EXPIAATION DATE: To decipher the expiration date of your subscription, look at John B. Fried 46 FLASH by T.C. Hines, R. Collins, J. Russell & L Spencer the top right hand corner of yO\.lr addre$$ label. The Ian two digits refer to a code/issue Scott B. Guthery p A B Tum your SOL into a flasher number that is yO\.l. expiration date. Hence, read 38 as 3/79, 39 as 5/79, 40 lIS 7/79. W.A. Kelley 47 FASTER JUMBLE by Peter A. Stark 41 as 9179,42 as 11 /79, 43 as 1/80, and so on. Frank Otsuka The more he jumbles, the faster it gets Shelter Instirute 52 SPOT: THE SOCIETY OF PET OWNERS & TRAINERS by Harry Saal FOREIGN DISTRIBUTORS OF RECREA TlONAL COMPUTING Brett Wilson Programs, plaudits, peeves & pans Vincent Caen, LP Enterpri$llS, 3 13 Kingston Road, IIford IG llPJ, Essex, UK; Rudi SUSTAINING SUBSCRIBERS Hoess, Electronic Concopts PTY Ltd., Ground Floor Cambridge Ho k.l se, 52-58 Clarence Street, Sydney NSW2000; ASCII Publishing. 305 HI TORIO, 5·6·7 Minami Aoyama, Departments MIOato·Ku, Tokyo 107, JAPAN; Eastern Canada: Liz Janik, RS· 232, 186 Queen St. W., Bill Godbout Electronics Suite 232, Toronto, ON M5v I l l ; Westem Canada: Brian Wiebe, Kitronic Audio, Digitll Byte Publications 4 EDITORS' NOTES & LETTERS Be Electronic Components, 26236 26th Ave. RR5, Aldel1l'ove Be vox lAO, Canada. Paul, Lori and Tom Calhoun 13 PUBLISHER'S LEITER Printed by Nowell, Menlo Park, CA Dick Heiser, The Computer Store 45 FUTUREPLA Y 56 REVIEWS p.34 R«;reational Computing (USPS 356870) is published bimonthly by People's Computer Company, 1263 EI CamIno Real, Box E, Menlo Park, 59 DRAGONSMOKE CA 94025. People's Computer Company is a tax·exempt, independent, non'prollt corporation, and donations are ta:o: ·deductible. Second class 60 ANNOUNCEMENTS postage paid at Menlo Park, California. and additional entry poinu. Copyright © 1979 by People's Computer Company, Menlo Park, California. COVER Ann Miya Be Aleeca Harrison 62 PROGRAMMER'S TOOLBOX
, RECREATIONAL COMPUTING MAY-JUN 1979 3 , Letters Letters Letters
HELP! HELP! Do you have any ideas/suggestions to ABOUT THOSE 'WORTHWHILE' different ways, and pick the way that make? I am very open now. THINGS COMPUTERS DO ... results in the least tax. What they won't This issue is packed! Packed with software, software reviews, places to buy I teach 5th grade, and I'm trying to con do, and this is where accountants (not software and places to get free software. There are listings in BASIC, vince my school board that computers in Peter Sorgen What a relief! computers) come in, is restructure your PASCAL and APL. There are programs for the PET, TRS-80, Apple, SWfPC an elementary classroom are not a S2,000 Box 9932 books to (l) minimize taxes, and (2) give and the SOL. The announcements section has a different look_ Two new joke. I need help! I'd appreciate any in 537 Jones Street In reply to Q. Burke's letter (Jan - Feb you a be tier view of your financial pic (reincarnated?) departments - "FutureplayTM" and "Programmer's Tool fonnation anyone could send me on San Francisco, CA 94102 issue) complaining of the overabundance ture. Never let a computer (OT an ac boxTM"-begin (again) with this issue. There is infonnation ("Dragon references on the use of computers in ele· of gallles, I'd like to point out a few countant) manage your finances. You smoke") and an introductory article (''What Is All This Stuff?" ) on fantasy mentary classrooms-most of it seems to Any readers with experience ill creative things about computers in general. spend the money. TIley keep track. gaming. FORTRAN Man and Billy BASIC are back together helping Linea. deal with high school. I am also interested text-editing? Please send your suggestions in finding sources of programs appropri (a Peter. ('oll\puters never have, cannot, and As for setting up a corporation, a com The lead article, "Testimony to a Micro - Peter Can Now Read," is an in ate for elementary drill and instruction. possihly never will be able to do your puter is about as appropriate as a screw spiring documentation of how technology is being used as it makes its way thinking for you. If 3 human achieves a driver. A corporation is a legal entity. Go into the hands of "the people." The lowly Level I TRS-80 has been used I've got What To Do After You Hit Re to a lawyer, or do it yourself if you must 'CONCEPT'RE-CONCEIYED thorough understanding of a problem, to perfoml a miracle as far as Peter's parents are concerned. A miracle that tum and can't wait to get something to that human can write a program which (not advisable). And who says small busi they helped implement. run those progranls on for my students! "freeLcs" the thought patterns necessary ness doesn't get the breaks? They have I have enjoyed your articles, reviews, and to its solution (given 3 defined set of in the greatest flexibility, the least regula Glenn Fisher programs in Recreational Computing. The And then, as always, there is the delightful Letters section. We get letters put parameters). Modification of this pat tion, the best people, the lowest over Armstrong School game of Concept was qu ite interesting. from supporters, critics, friends, people in need of infonnation, kids, parents, tern, however slight, requires another head and the most fun. They don't need 2849 Calais Here is a list of changes to show the out teachers and lawyers. Our letter writing community is a unique group of human who thoroughly understands: the nightmare of a computerized organi people. San Ramon, CA 94583 put a little beller. They are yours 10 use, zation. (Ask any corporation's manage publish or whatever. the original problem, ment what they think of the computer What more could you ask from a mere 64-page magazine? Well there's "Golf OK, all you tet.lchers out there who \Ie center.) Delete the following: the previous human's method of solution, Handicapping" and "Concept Sans Computer" and ... but get busy and read already won this boule, wn"te to Glenn the previous human's progranlming style, and share your strategy, source materioiJ, 130 and read and read and ... the new objective, It is my considered opinion that the clinching arguments. - Ed. 300 Ramon Zamora the change~ necessary. engineers and scientists back in the lab Louise Burton 410 are experiencing the most freedom. 1000-1020 Bob Albrecht They're the ones who are capable of 1600-16)0 So much for the creative part. The reason th3t all this pleasure/pain of program using the computer at its maximum NOVELIST IN SEARCH OF Add the following: ming is done at all divides into two broad capacity, its highest efficiency, and if CO-AlITHOR (COMPUTER ONLY) 118 DIM LS(7) categories. The first is that the problem the hardware isn't designed the way they 305 2=0 is so boring that any nonnal specimen of like it, they're the ones who can (and I am currently writing a novel. My friend 417 GOSUB 1700 II. S3piens is likely to fall asleep on the probably will) change it. Now go back Kent, a painter, will then do some 420 PRINT Z;:FOR K,.,I TO 7: job. Example: maintaining a mailing list there and dump a directory in their drawings/paintings that will be lithoed. PRINT LS(K);:NEXT of more than about 100 names (anything files. 425 PRINT less is easier to keep alive on an office CORRECTION CORRECTION Now, I would like to put those two items 1700 FOR K=l TO 7 copier). TIle second reason is that in a Hrnm ... Star Trek. through a computer, and I understand 1710 IF O(K)=O THEN LS(K) ~ business, the person who understands bes-ti-ary/ 'bes{h)-che,er-e/ n Two long-time sustaining/retaining that there are roughly two ways of doing "0" ELSE LS(K)="I" a recurring problem is often too busy to I rest my case. 1720 NEXT (ML besriarium, fro L, neut. subscribers, Bill Godbout Electron it: solve it at each occurrence. Example: 1730 RETURN of bestiarius of beasts, fro ics and Algorithmics, Inc., were putting a new person on the payroll Ralph McElroy, Publisher bestia I: a medieval allegori not listed as such in several of the First, an IBM 370 married to a CAPAM ( ... bllt sir, you have to have a Social CLOAJ) Magazine cal or moralizing work on the past few issues. We wish to apolo system. rm not sure about that. Or, a The sub-routine has the effect of pro Security Number ... ). Box 1267 appearance and habits of ani gize to them and as a partial pen system roughly equivalent to the NASA 2 ducing leading zeros in the valid lines. Goleta, CA 930 17 mals. ance, we will write their com model with a visual subsystem made by Give it a try. I'd be pleased to hear from Note that the original users of computin' panies' names below as many times GE. This was used by Peter Kamnitzer to you. engines-engineers and scientists-are The Be(a)stiary as we can. - The Editors make a film called Oty Scape 1970. largely overlooked. TIley're back in the 'UPSET DRAGON' UPSETS READER (Mar.-Apr. issue, 1979) BILLCODBOUT ELECTRONICS&. R. L. Wagner lab, playing with their toys. ALGORITHMtCS,INC. BILLGOD· Anyway, the software I am interested in, 9035 Niles Center Road Dear Dragon, BOlIT ELECTRONICS & ALGO the process or programming, is to allow Skokie, IL 60076 Where is our freedom? RlTHMICS,INC. BILL GODBOUT the computer to respond in its way to the Page 51 of the March-April issue of RC material, rather than simply using the Thanks for your INPUT/ Look at Eryk Let a computer do my income tax? The shows the following BASIC program: computer as a large version of a paint Vershen's Concept solutions in this I.R.S. will do it for free-on a computer, 100 1F X • ) THEil Y • Y • 1 : 1 • I + 1 brush or typewriter. issue also. - RZ yet! They'll even crunch the data several 110 If X<> 3 THEN y. y - 1 : Z· Z - 1 4 RECREATIONAL COMPUTING MAY-JUN 1979 5 Letters Letters Letters Letters
Good grief! Who would write a BASIC and are presently planning a project with fmd they are not hindered by technology LOOKING FOR A PORT -OF -CALL In line 1035, either you type "OK" and Finally, I found that you can hang up the program like that? In any reasonable some similarities to the Community but assisted! They will be able to decide continue with more math. or you hit the program if you accidentally enter an odo· BASIC (e.g. Applesoft) one would simply Memory Project and the Marin Computer for themselves which direction they I am trying to locate a board game called return which also starts the program over meter reading that is less tllan the previ· -the same as typing "OK." ous reading, since that yields a negative write the foUowing line: Center. We hope to provide our com· might want to go and utilize tools that Port·of·Call in which players control munity with a place where people can Pacific Ocean shipping lines and engage number and fouls up the calculations. '()O s ~ loCX ~ 3) - , , l ~ l .. S , Z - Z .. S will assist them in their quest. come to learn about the community, in the transportation of goods between modified his program as follows: themselves, computers and other areas Imagine having one place in each major ports while battling tinle and the weather. The last two problems are taken care of Jim Day 1035 INPUT "IF YOU WANT of interest. community that operates like the "gate· I last played Port·of-Call about ten by the following lines, which you may 17042 Gunther Street ANOTHER PROBLEM, TYPE keeper" of earlier days. Many government years ago. The game was well designed, want to pass along to your readers ... the Granada Hills, CA 91344 and now I would like to develop a real· 10K-NOKI",O$ first problem is a matter of habit, which I For example: People who move into the agencies that provide specialized informa· 1042 IF O$-"NOK" THEN area would hear from advertising (Wei. tion would become obsolete. In our time simulation of it on a computer, will try to break. using as many of the original gallle 1055:REM NEW LINE A DIFFERENT WAY TO 'FLOAT' come Wagon, word·of·mouth, etc.) that county, for example, people needing in· 1065 PRtNT:PRINT" ", 28 INPUT "YOUR SELECTION"; there is a place (storefront) in the com· formation regarding alcohol or drug abuse featu res as possible. Unfortunately, I have not been able to locate a copy of the " "," APPLE II": $: IF S >6 GOlO 28 munity where they can fmd just about services can caU over eight different agen· GOTO 8999 29 ON S GOTO 50,80,160,210, I read with in terest Mark Zimmerman's game (I need to refresh my memory on any kind of information they migh t need cies and unIess it is the agency that will 8999 END 110,130 article, "Snooping with Your PET," exactly how it was played). Can your which contained noating point binary in· about the community and its resources, help their specific problem, they will all 0,1", lin" 30·35. Nor necessary, bur looks readers help me locate Port·of·Call? bettarl st ructions (PC, Sept·OcI 1978). from the names of local doctors to list· get another phone number to call. With This allows a person to say "NO" to ings of job opportunities and entertain· our center, all this infonnation would be more math problems and also to display 56 FOR I -I TO D:PRINT AT 576 , Mike Gabrielson Here is a sJightly different version of your ment. To connect with this information, under one roof and phone number. Just the information in lines 1055 and 1065 "READ I NG RECORD I" ; I Box 2692 139 FOR I - I TO D:PRINT AT 576 , Program 8; they would use a data management sys imagine how this could and would begin which I did not get with the program as tem (perhaps similar to "WHATSIT") to eliminate duplicated services. Imagine Stanford, Calif. 94305 listed in your magazine. "WR I T I HG RECORD /1' 1; I '0 v • 81'~ - HE (0) running in a microcomputer. Not onIy having a referral service in which doctors, Lan you know how many fllCOrth hal/a bHn 20 IHPUl X read!writren. 30 H • M" 7, 1 • V, POK( 8}0,1I would they be able to receive the infor· lawyers, dentists, counselors, account· Uoyd Dawson ~o HIIiT HH (l); P([X (lo,); PEEX (Z.2); P{tK (Z.3); PHX Cz ·~) mation they need, but they would be· ants, every sort of business can list their THEY LOVE US IN SAN DIEGO RFD 2 To create room lor the following line, so {NO come aware of their potential when as· services in a format to their liking, includ· Ossian, IN 46777 renumber lines 94 thru 97 10 95 thru 98. more of Mr, Zimmerman's sisted by the use of the computer and ing what they do, why they do it, what Prtlwmn using an odomare, reading that il Hope to see I just received my first copy of Recrea· too lowl other tools. the normal costs are, and any other infor· Looks like you got to the core (whoops!) articles. tional Computing, and it is GREAT. 94 IF A(O) <-A(O-l) 0-0-1: mation they may want the prospective ... heart o/the matter. -Ed. CLS: PR I NT"*ft* ERROR ,.,>'t>'t ": They will see others utilizing, enjoying, Bob Feniger client to know. Sure beats the yellow There are so many wonderful articles and GOTO 20 1081 B Treat Ave. learning and controlling high technology pages, doesn't it? games, it is difficult to decide where to tools: people playing Star Trek or San Francisco, CA 941 10 start reading first. AUTHOR REFINES 'MPG' Milan D. Chepko, M.D. Runequest, making video programs, I know it sounds like utopian thinking, 119 Belleville Court learning to utilize cable television's "pub· but I believe it is reachable (even if on a I ani delighted to have such a marvelous No program is ever complete ... there is Thief River Falls, MN 5670 I GETTING IT ALL TOGETHER lic access." For once they will be able to smaller scale than my dreanl). Currently resource for ideas and activities to use in always something that can be added to talk back to the boob tube. They will be we provide "hands·on" training to local make it run beller. After reviewing the IN FAIRFIELD, CALIFORNIA workshops, classrooms, and at home. The MPG listing also cOllfaills two typos. able to learn how to program and use YOUtllS and are involved in collecting "in· MPG program that you were kind enough In line 57tllere is all "S" ill INPUT #-1 Don't mind your change in name as long computers in their home or business-in terest" and "skill" information from as to prilll in tlle Jan -Feb '79 issue, several Thank you. and ill line 95 the GOTO should be as the infonnation keeps coming! Since an environment that is positive and non· many residents as we can to start a data changes came to mind to make it "bet· GOTO 97. - Ed. the loss of ROM, yours is the only maga threatening. If they are unable to find the base. We are currently writing a program Jane Donnelly Gawronski ter," and I suspect some of your readers zine that deals weU with the philosophic information they need, the operators of that will assist us in determining what Curriculum Coordinator will have additional suggestions. and basic issues of computing. Keep those the program will make every efTort to kinds of interests and skills are in the Mathematics/Computer Extended THANKS FOR THE APPLE TURN·ON magazines coming! fmd the answer and add it into the data community, and after that we will start Instruction First, the biggest error that I tend to base. finding ways of connecting people with San Diego County Schools make is placing the line numbers too It was with great pleasure that I opened J am a member of a non·profit organiza similar interests. San Diego, CA 92111 close, a holdover from my Tiny BASIC the Jan · Feb Recreational Computing and tion in the Fairfield, California, area Citizens or government leaders will be days where the numbers could run onIy found material on the Apple :I. Using the (halfway between San Francisco and able to run poUs on local issues. (We are We would be more than happy to interact from 2 through 255. This creates a prob· information about the 1/ 0 control sock· Sacramento) called Synergetic Systems presently working on a simulation that with others with similar ideas. If anyone lem when you want to add a line or two et, IOgether with the Softape listening Ultd. We formed our organization way will provide participants an experience can figure out a way to get "seed money" NO END TO APPLE MATH to patch some th.ing. program, it should be fairl y easy and back in 1972 to assist local res idents in of the dynamics that are involved in run· for a project like this, please contact us. inexpensive to give voice commands for learning how to use - and not be used by ning a county government program.) 1 am now an owner of an Apple II com· Second, I found it somewhat aggravating turning on the lights, etc. -high technological tools. TIle tool we There will be more in volvement and sensi· Tony Severa puter. In using the Apple math program to wait while the data lapes are being we re involved with at the time was the tivity to the needs of the community by Synergetic Systems UJtd. in your Sept· Oct 78 issue, written by written or read , since there was no way to Keep those Apple articles coming. Video Port·a-Pac. Since that time we the leaders and those who elect them. 131 Highland Ave. John Gaines, I find there is no end to the know how far along the computer had have moved into the area of computers Perhaps for once in their lives, people will Vacaville, CA 95688 program. gotten. Winston Cope MAV·JUN 1979 7 , RECAEA TlONAL COMPUTING matched his need at the time and sums guage with its compactness of presenta became alive. Three months later a small tion makes good use of the small amount complete unit 4K, TAS-SO microcompu· of memory, 4K bytes, purchased with the ter appeared in a local Tandy store. machine. This does not say that the Level Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Peter's mother had just received a cheque II BASIC running with 16K of memory for $800.00 from an auntie and his father would not do the job more effectively, I II III just happened to visit the store. A swap but the question of whether the addition' ANY ANY ANY of money and machine took place. Both al cost of $500.00 puts the approach out parents were willing to gamble that if a of reach of most parents and schools t t t t t t calculator can teach arithmetic then may· needs be seriously considered. be a computer, albeit micro, could per haps teach reading skills-but how? Yes, TAS is a good micro! (Pardon the simplicitY of this approach Dcccr but you must remember the lack of string manipulation features-but hold on, see later for an improved method.) Peter had to say the word out loud before a contino uously running cassette machine came forth with the same word. After this can visual display-audio verification process finished for a word, Peter would mark himself right (1) or wrong (0), then at a "bip" from the cassette he would release the ENTEA key. (This was the. simple By some reports (Tom Williams, People's Perusal by the author of books'about pro· way of keeping everything together.) now Computers, Vol. 6, March·April 1978, grammed learning, or CAl in particular, After finishing 10 words a (graphics gen· for example) the TAS·aO and its Level I revealed some sound approaches for pre erated) rocket ship would reward him by BASIC, like Peter, was labelled as a dum· senting material, but it was always as· moving up to a height depending on his my. How could anyone even think of sumed that the student could read. Of results (also displayed). The method using the thing for CAl with almost non coune techniques with show cards, and really worked, for a few days after start read existent character string manipulation the like, have been used as an aid to ing him on the program he picked up a features? And as for a keyboard not dis teaching word recognition but somehow book, the first time ever of his own ac· connecting from communicating to a nothing seemed to reach to the heart of cord, and he slowly began to read. You monitor screen when the machine is busy Peter's problem. Basically a prescription see TAS has another element to "make BY JOHN POLLARD, father of Peter thinking about something else-well, how for Peter'S case would include: the medicine go down" - the fun and 89 Bun.rba Road, Gymea, N.S. W. 2227, Australia dumb can you get? With this sort of chal· novelty element. lenge (thanks Tom) how could a person (1) establishing left ·to·rightness of words not respond-in fact perhaps the TAS·80 (on account of his dyslexia). We would have been stuck on step (2) is the only machine off the shelf that can (2) rote learning of simple basic words, after this experience except that timely do the job reported in this work! (3) reading of stories containing exten· help came from a Univenity specialist sive use of the simple basic words, educator. He piled on work for Peter in The apparently "unloved" TAS-SO found (4) rote learning of more involved basic such great loads that a computer was This article is reprinted from a magazine a welcome home with the Pollard family. words, needed even if simply on account of the published in Australia called COM·3. Perhaps our sensitivity to Peter being (5) and so on. sheer bulk of material. (I must ask him COM-3, P. O. Box 268. Niddrie, Vic., labelled unmercifully made us look how parents not having access to a com Australia, is a non-profit magazine beyond the surface in our appraisal puter cope.) affiliated with the Computer Education Unfortunately Peter was always stuck at of the machine's capability. In any step (2) of the prescription, and since Group of Victoria. Its purpose is to be a Peter is a 10 ·year-old rad who just cannot case, the little machine, lovingly called someone has to laboriously write out the Step (3) of Peter's basic prescription was resource for those interested in the use Imagine the naked simplicity of the math read-he is intelligent, but dyslexic. problem 12 X 6 ? buried in a jungle of TAIS by the family, has proven itself words, every time, for step (1), this step satisfied with a beautiful story by Aoger of compute~ in education or perronal Words, like the end of a rainbow, are al in the way it has helped Peter. And was ignored. If only someone, or some Farr, James Laffey and earl Smith (from computers. The name CQM·3 is derived overlaying words: " 1 dozen bananas are ways out of reach -the letters "ss" in Peter has proven himself in the way he thing, was available with the necessary Taxonomy of Evaluation Techniques for from the first three letters of the words purchased at 6 cents each, what is the grass seem to force their way to the be· oost?" has responded. No-neither of them are patience and persistence to follow the Aeading Programs) called "The Best COMPUTER COMMUNITY COMMUNI ginning of the word to give an almost dummies; nothing could be further from prescription. Now do you see that TAS Thing in the World." The story contains CA TlONS. and symbolizes the growing indecipherable code. Peter is locked out the truth. was "just what the doctor ordered," for a the 220 Dolch words imbedded in it. TRS interaction between them. COM·3 is Peter just could not grasp his arithmetic from the beauty of the world of words. A published 5 times per year at roughly as words acted as a sentinel barring entry micro is extremely patient and persistent. w.as used to display lines of the story at trick of the brain makes fun of words by The Level I BASIC language available a preselected rate of so many words a twO-month intervals. to the heart of the problem. Late in 1977 throwing leners about like a sorter at the a programmable HP25 calculator was pur with the machine when purchased, al· The first program written to match the minute. Peter began with 20 words a min· post office. His parents have tried every though restrictive, has many nice fea· prescription for steps (1) and (2) con ute and was in difficulty, but a few weeks You will lind the article to be one of the chased by a scientifically minded father thing-additional help after school hours tures. It seems to be true in the author's sisted of display of words from the basic later he had no trouble reading the story most exciting things that you will read for his own use at work. Then in despera· and special schooling for over a year by experiences that anything goes - think of Dolch word list of 220 words that should at 50 words a minute. (This result is good this year. - RZ tion about February the calculator was those skilled in the problem; but no, he put to work to teach Peter arithmetic a way of doing something and the be recognized on sight. Left to rightness even allowing for the effect of retention.) cannot yet read. Then along comes a using computer (calculator) assisted in method will work. (Maybe this is purely was established by progressive generation Fortunately the story used has its own microcomputer and the lad can now read struction (CAl) techniques. Peter caught an observation on the fact that it works of arrows from above and below the appeal and this has faithfully introduced -a new world is open to Peter. on - the simplicity of the little machine because it is simple.) Certainly the Ian· word. For example ... Peter to the delights of reading. , RECREATIONAL COMPUTING MAY-JUN 1979 9 ~ These commands, plus the fortunate can· • o ~ c nection of the keyboard to the screen ~ :g D even when the computet is otherwise en· •~ • ~ c gaged. enables asynchronous attention to D •~ • be simulated. The idea is that the screen •c ~• cursor, which can be addressed to any • .~ ; . ~ I E position on the screen, is placed near :mo· , ~'".~~ > -0 E • • 0 some graphics elements. Say the space bar 0 ¥~ ~ ~o • Ec 0 is depressed; then a graphics element to ~ c- "E ,.. ii• ~! °c ,= the immediate right is destroyed (that is, o· ~ e.!:! • t~ ·..._ ;::;... w-... 0'. B -0 - overwritten with a blank) even though II ~ ~~a:~ e,0" ~~ ~ Over the past three months Peter has the computer is busy doing other things. ~, been introduced to more than 2,000 The program can then make a regular ~ .~ ~ words and several stories using the TRS. check on the presence or absence of the ~.• _0 Most of the words, however, have been element under discussion and hence o . 5w ~ c taught using the technique described in change the course of the program appro· _0. .-,- u this present section. When considering priately. In the word timer program to -~ w ~. "w CA l with visual display and audio verifi· follow, the author uses the four graphics .~ cation at least two different approaches elements which are destroyed by differ· 0-_0 ~ 0 c appear depending on the way the audio is ent key combinations to give four alter· ~ i!, used. The two approaches are: native courses of action following the sig· • 0 N z ~• nailing of "asynchronous attention." ~ ~ • (1) the pacer technique-here the audio In October (1977) an editorial in ~ I ~ B• comes from an uninterrupted cas· The features discussed, plus elementary COM3 by Timothy Mowchanuk of ~ :;; 0 ~ + ~" c Essendon Grammar School, made an ap· c ~M 0 iii sette recording, hence a fixed pace is logic operations such as: x 0 ;::;(00,0-. maintained, or peal for micros to be used to help the x £ we~" 0= (0)0) -(0 < 0), (0 - the sign of D), handicapped-this set the stage for the " ~o ~ dd (2) the timer technique-here the audio present work. From May, with the arrival I ~§ comes from segments of a computer and the audio cassette activation state· of the TRS·80, Mary, Peter's mother, has ~~ ee activated cassette recording, hence ment: made many sacrifices-for software devel· the student determines the pace. PRINT #-(a four second write to cas· opment takes time, lots of time. This sette but with the cassette set to play June and since, an enthusiastic educator, The difficulty with the first approach is mode instead of record), are used in the Glen Campbell, of Macquarie University that the pace needs to be set for the stu· word timer program developed for most has been supplying the author with dent about to begin learning and then the of Peter's word lists. material and diagnostic help for Peter. recording must be remade at a faster pace Without their insight and help no such for revision work. Should the latter reo Other programs have been developed but testimony would have been possible oucrulew cording not be made frustrations can de· it was thought best to present a fully Peter can now read. velop during revision work (after all the documented version of one program in student is not likely to have as much the hope that at least some other young Of c ~c run patience with the machine as it originally girl or boy may be helped to read. The had with him). The difficulty with the approach wi ll not overcome all reading second approach is that of implementa difficulties but for some there is hope The program may be run in three differ· tion on the TRS·80. The method calls for that, like Peter, they may be born again ent ways depending on the requirement asynchronous interruption that follows into the wonderful world of words. with a voice response cassette. The three the pace of the student through a word ways are ... list and Level I BASIC apparently does Dear micro owner, there is much need to not make available the necessary features. help the handicapped. I hope that this N - no voice cassette to be used, A method of overcoming this difficulty is artide may, in some small way, arouse M- machine, that is the combination presented here. a new zeal for work in this area. Look for TRS·80 and cassette recorder, speaks a problem that you can tackle on your fint to enable the student to obtain a Level I BASIC has three graphic com· own micro. preview of the group of words, or mands: '( - you speak first and the machine veri· (1) SET (X,Y) - to turn on a graphics fies what you have said with its element positioned at X, Y on the spoken reply-the normal mode screen, when a voice cassette is available. (2) RESET (X,Y)-to turn off a graphics element at X,Y, wor~ clmer Dro~rdm A supervisor would need to be present to (3) POINT (X,Y) - to return 1 or 0 de· verify responses when no voice cassette pending on whether an element is is available and in any case would normal· present at X,Y or not. fOr Crs- 60 ¢> Iy be required to set up the machine at e~'!!~~e~ g ~-- .... - .... - the start. 10 RECREATIONAL COMPUTING MAY.JUN 1979 11 'I
The aim of the program is to improve the Step 3-As in all uses of a voice response one is available, to supply hi m wi th audio student's ability and speed at recognizing cassette, onl y the remote plug should be verification (or here the supe rviso r words from prescribed word lists. Decod connected to the recorder and if possible speaks) and (jii) to advance to the next ing skills are exercised even perhaps with a constant power source (the mains) word of the section. And so on fo r the A Letter I'd like to mention that we welcome and encourage retaining remainder of the section_ the use of nonsense words. In any case should be used. and sustaining subscribers. The benefit such a subscriber similarly blended words should be collect receives, other than the tax deduction, is the good feeling one Should a supervisor be available through ed together to form sections of a pro Set the cassette machine to the record from your Publisher gets from helping something succeed that one believes in . the session the responses he can obtain gram, for example, words beginning with position and simply run the program in Rates are listed in the front section of this issue. the Y repl y mode, "you speak first." from the machine are gi ven be low. "re," etc. An accurate student's record of Changes, changes, changes! performance should be kept for each sec After any key is depressed on the TRS- We have formulated a new policy 10 make our company 80 the cassette machi ne is activated for Response 1 - To go back a word depress tion of words. The program calculates an The most evident change at People's Computer Company is eligible for foundation or corporation grants. Please contact about four seconds. During this activa· the "+-" key. (I f a voice cassette is being average "lethargy," seconds per word, for that People's Computers is now Recreational Computing, a me if you wish further information, or if you know of a tion it is important that the word on dis used the program will skip the voice until each section. This average lethargy would more accurate reflection of the content of the magazine. foundation or corporation interested in contributing funds play is said at about the middle of the screen and cassette are again in phase.) be recorded along with comments about to one or more of the magazines published by our non.profit time segment as illustra ted . . . certain word difficulties observed by a Improved publication schedules have resulted in better circula· educational organization. Response 2-To pause the timer, etc. in supervisor sitting through a session. After tion department and wholesale distribution selVices. The order to explain some detail ed point de· several attempts with the same section of wtimate reswt is thaI all of you showd now be receiving your We value you as a reader and we will continue to furnish you press the ENTER ke y. A fU rther push of words, but at later times, the lethargy ._'~:~~n~ favorite computer magazines on a timely basis. For those of with high·quality, innovative material. Your ideas and sugges· the same key will cause the program to should decrease_ In the author's experi • you who may be distressed to find that your newsstand has tions are always welcome. Please write or call me at People's 2 3 4 seconds move on to the next wo rd. ence with Peter, and his word lists cover o your magazine before you receive it in themail.it.s because Computer Company, P.O. Box E, Menlo Park, California ing over 2,000 words, the lethargy usually we send our magazines 10 the distributors via United Parcel 94025 , telephone(415)323.3111. After some practice, "centering the Response 3 - To skip backwards or for· starts about four or five s/word and after Service and must use second class mail for our subscribers. spoken word" is easily achieved. The rea· wards through the section of words, enter several attempts, days later, usually drops Thanks for your understanding. to about one or two s/word. This suspect son for doing thi s is that the shaded areas the search mode with two depressions of in the illustration represent the uncertain· the ENTER key in Qu ic k succession. In ed improvement is verifiable with inde· We are now accepting selected advertising. All publishers are Sinre"\J #a-. ty of tape posi tion as it is being played the search mode everything "freezes" ex· itJ . pendent tests. (A lethargy of one s/word having problems these days with shortages caused by the sky. cept the word display and here the word is a minimum since the timer only per· back. rocketing costs of materials, outside labor, shipping, etc. Our is simply fl ashed on the screen for speed mits interruption every second.) aim is to continue to supply you with a high quality product Willard Holden Step 4 - At the start of each section it is of response instead of being built ·up. without corresponding increases in price. Publisher a good practice to record a constant The program builds up a word from left (The mode is also use ful for verification pitched sound for the fi rst second, prior to right (usually over a period of time of a freshly typed·in section of words.) to the first spoken word. It is then possi· such as a second) with a left to right mov· Exit from the mode is ach ieved by de· ble to play through the cassette to detect lng rocket ship racing through the word pressing the ENTE R key (once). the start of a new section. as it is being built. Both techniques strongly emphasize the left to right man· To restore phase with a voice response Running the program ner of reading which is important for a cassette it is necessary to exit from the search mode at the word that was last dyslexic child. Also a "waltzing" micro· Assuming that a supervisor has set up a spoken. bot beats out the time and provides a session, the steps required of a student pleasant reinforcement to speed of read are as follows. For an improperly made voice cassette, ing. or some other un kn own reason , the The Cutting Edge Step 1-For each section of the group of search approach may be necessary to Establishing a voice response cassette (if words the student is asked the question: required) bring visual and audio words together. In of the FRP Revolution! the author's experience it is sometimes WORD GROUP 0 SECT D ... Y OR N necessary to do this . Indeed the voice The following has been the practice of Complete in itself. Ru.oeQues, has won Characters have skill with particular TO PROCEED? "connection" is not as robust as the the author in setting up a voice cassette immediate acceptance because every step weapons; they have the chance to learn rest of the program and this is unfortu· to go with the word timer program. in the rules is carefully e:lplained and from contacts and training, but never Normally he woul d reply Y (for yes) and nate. Even so the advantages of using a sequentially structured: players find what become so proficient that they're invul· ENTER from the keyboard. Should a sec· visual·audio program makes it worth· they need when they need it. The game nerable (nor start out 50 lowly that they Step 1-Use a different cassette than that tion be required to be skipped for some while to attempt to ove rcome any "teeth· system's realism parallels its logic of can't get lucky). A major event in FRPI used to store the program as program up· reason the reply would be N (for no). In ing troubles." dates may otherwise unintentionally de· this case, care would be required with the presentation, for characters develop free· The world of Ru.oeQue.t comes directly ly and fully just as they do in life, using from Greg Stafford's Dragon Pass uni· stroy some of the recording. A C60 tape positioning of a voice response cassette if Note -The "asynchronous" interruption verse with much new background in· of reasonable quality has been found to one is being used. procedure adopted in the program relies magic and weapons as appropriate. cluded. Serial examples make the rules be preferable. on the free response of the screen and its Combatants melee by using the strike fun to read as well as very clear. Typeset, Step 2-Assuming that the machine has interaction with four sensing elements rank system (developed from the authors' iIIus. by Luise Perrin, 124 pages, from Step 2-After a forward spacing of tape not been prompted to speak first, the stu· following depression of certain keys. long experience with edged weapons), your hobby dealer or by mail from to move it clear of the non·recording sur· dent watches the word being formed on However, for a small fraction of the time which is based on actual weapon size and Chaosium, 58.00. face, record a regular "count down" pro· the screen and then he decodes it and the curso r is away from "home" in order design. cess to enable the starting position to be speaks the word . After saying the word to increment the time. If a key is de· I established accurately with the ear. (The he depresses any key, usually the space pressed then, it may be necessary to de· CHA OSIUM The best in fantasy and science fiction gaming playing of an octave of the C·scale is not bar, (i) to interrupt the "wal tZing" micro press the key again following a lack of ac· Write for free catalog box 6302 Albany CA 94706 a bad idea.) bot, (ii) to ac tivate the voice cassette, if tion of the re quired type. L 12 RECREATIONAL COMPUTING MAY·JUN 1979 13 Round 2: BASIC vs PASCAL vs BASIC BY S, RAVN-JENSEN 10 DIM F(9),G[91.T[9),HI18,31 20 GOSUB 560 30 FORX - OTOA In the Jal/-Feb /978 issue of tllis magazine, D([IIw Mundie 40 LET TIX) - INTIRND[R)·B)+1 made Q compan"son of PASCAL &- BASIC He used a form of 50 NEXT X the Master Mind game as a program example. Part of David's 60 FOR I - 1 TO A+B+l conclusion was that PASCAL is inherently flexible while 70 FORX - OTOA BASIC flexibility is a [unction of designing new I'enions of 80 LET FiX) - 0 the entire language. 90 NEXT X 100 LETF1 " 0 From Denmark comes a reply. S. Ravn·Jcnsen sends a venion 110 LETF2 " 0 120 INPUT Y of MaSler Mind written in Q powerful BASIC dialect. Why choose the poorest version of BASIC is the question Ravn 130 IF V<>O THEN 190 140 FOR X - 1 TO 1- 1 Jensen !Joses. 150 PRINT H[X.O); ":' ;H[X,11; " - " ;H(X,2) 160 NEXT X Well, only the ,rcaders CQn truly decide th is debate. To help 170 GO TO 120 you I'll your labors, 0/1 three versions of the program appear 180 IF y .. 1 THEN 480 below. - RZ. ~!:!.::. b ..,b.sic (,nput, cutput) : 190 IF Y - 2THEN670 ccn5t ~.xn"mch-'C; n.xn~x·71; 200 LETTl - Y ~£! tc~~n-~~ ~~r1 .. ~.xnunchl&! chlr; ~.r t,rgtt,;u~s5'taken; hi ,lo,eh,eh.r; oldg:!!~ 1 • • ~.~ •• x i! ta~~n: 210 FORX - OTOA --- ~,1,trv,m.xtr~.s,blaek , ~hit.,numeh.r:int.g.r; no LET GIX) - INT[Tl/(10·"[A-X))) aldb,old. : £.!!.!.!~ !.!:..!:.!.lI(1 .. ... u.~J:!.! {nUglr: 230 LET Tl - Tl-G[X)"[10-·,A-X)) endafround ,.ndofg .a. , ~ •• te~,b.d : bool •• n; 240 IF G(X)< 1 THEN 260 •• teh'd,arr.Y(1 • . ~.xnu .. ehJ~.! bool •• n; IF G[XI
14 RECREATIONAL COMPUTING MAY-JUN 1979 15 The GAmE of LIFE
BY HOWARD A. PEELLE
If Howard Peelle's PHANTNUM intrigued you in the Nov. THE "GAME OF LlF.E" Dec. 1978 issue, you'll went to try his GAME OF LIFE, too. 2. The Law of Birth OUTCOMES This APL version of thet golden oldie is excerpted from his Life is played on a rectangular grid, where a 'colony' of Each empty space with exactly 3 neighbors has a forthcoming book, Instructional Applications of Computers 'organisms' is placed. An 'organism' is represented by a single birth of a new organism in the next generation. The Game of Life goes on-generation by generation - until Using A Programming Language.-LB symbol, such as *. Accordingly, a 'colony' of organisms is ooe of the following outcomes occurs: (1) All of the or· a collection of these symbols arrayed in some pattern. The For example, ganisms die (in which case the game terminates) ; (2) The player can place symbols on the grid in a configuration of hisl • colony reaches a stable configuration (either when the pattern INTRODUCTION her choosing, or conceivably one could place the symbols at Births occur where there ;, • • • of organisms in one generation produces the $!Ime pattern in random. optimal 'nurture' in the • the next generation or when anyone of the previous patterns Beware! The "Game of Ufe" is delightful. intriguing and neighborhood. is repeated-producing periodic "cycling" of generations) ; somewhat addictive. It is a non-competitive activity. played The game begins when a colony has been specified and certain • or (3) The colony grows indefinitely. with simple rules-yet rules whose outcomes are deceptively rules are applied. (See the rules below). The colony is then Note that a "neighbor" is defined as an organism present in difficult to predict. Actually. life is not a game in the usual transformed into a new colony-the next 'generation'-by any adjoining space-horizontally or vertically or diagonally. Examples of each of these outcomes are illustrated later. sense, in that there are no 'opponents' nor 'strategies' for win way of these rules. This process is repeated, possibly There are a total of eight such adjoining spaces (marked by ning. Instead, it is a simulation of a cellular automaton which indefinitely. . below): OBJECTIVES involves you first as a creator, then as an observer of poten tially endless series of symbolic patterns which seem to have a RULES Although the learning objectives of this game are unlike most life of their own. • gaming activities (they are more akin to those for simulations). Successive generations of a colony are reproduced according to the educational benefits are undeniably rich. There is little In its short history, Life has gained extraordinary popularity the following two "laws of Life": payoff in outguessing the computer or pursuing optimal especially among computer buffs. Invented by Cambridge 7. The Lsw of Survival The "laws of Life" are applied simultaneously, so that one strategies, but the student might: University mathematician John H. Conway, Life was first Each organism with 2 or 3 neighbors survives to the generation of a colony gives way to the next generation. publicized in this country by Martin Gardner in his Math next general"Ion. For example, Draw Analogies with Other Systems, e.g.: ematical Games department of Scientific American magazine - ecology (popull\tion dynamics) (October, 1970). Its ensuing popularity is due, in large part, • For example. Generation 1: becomes Generation 2: _ economics (resource allocation) to the computer. The accuracy and speed of the computer • • - biology (genetics) are indispensable for repeatedly executing the 'genetic laws' In other words: • - chemistry (molecular interaction) of Life. Indeed, much illicit computer time has been expended • _ cybernetics (information processing) (- • Births •• in generating displays of Life configurations-pulsating away Each organism with 4 Each organism with 1 or • • • - mathematics (differential equations) on cathode ray tubes in various computer centers. more neighbors dies from fewer nei!tlbors dies from _ biomedicine (cell and organ simulation) 'overcrowding'. 'isolation'. • Deaths-<:::::::::~t~Et _ physics (magnetic fields) Copyright {91978 Howard A. Peelle. Reprinted by permission of Addison·Weslev Publilhinll CompanV, Inc. MAY·JUN 1979 17 " RECREATIONAL COMPUTING ... =
PROGRAMMING THE GAME OF LIFE The rules are embodied in a sub· program called LAWSOFLlFE: ON THE COMPUTER
':"though Life is Certainly rewa rding when performed by hand It takes on added dimensions when programmed on a com: , , puter. T.he comp~ter can, of course, facilitate setting up the [1] gam.e - elther pl~clng organisms in a colOfly at the user's dis. [2J ' THE GA ME OF LIFE BEGINS WITH A COLONY OF ORGA NISMS .' cretlon or placing them randoml y. But, more important [3 J ' FOR EXAMPLE , YOU COULD BEGIN WITH A COLONY LIKE THIS ,' the comp~ter then causes the various patterns to unfold much [oj , , more rapidly and accurately than one could attempt man. [5J * ' ~all~. When the necessary calcu lations are performed and Life [6J *** ' IS. Viewed on a graphic displav terminal, the hum an player is [7J witness to a remarkable kaleidoscopic show. * [8J , , * The Game of Life is descri bed in the fo ll owing programs, [ 9 J written in APL. [10 J ' WHERE EACH * REPRESENTS AN ORGA NISM .' [11] , , First the main program: [12J ' THEN SUCCESSIVE GENERATIONS OF THE COLO NY AR E REPRODUCED ' [13J ' ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING 'I LAWS OF LI FE ":' [14 J , , [15 J 1 . EACH ORGANISM WITH 2 OR 3 NEIGHBORS ' [16] SURVIVES TO THE SUCCEEDING GENER ATION . ' • ~~/1.flQC:Ht:fl [17] , , [ l J ' WELCOME TO THE GAME OF LIFE ' [18] 2 . EACH BLANK SPACE WITH 3 NEIGHBORS WIL L HA YE A BIRTH' [2) I DO YOU KNOW THE RULES'? I • [19] OF A NEW ORGANISM IN THE SUCCEEDING CE NERATION . ' [3) +READY IE. A/ I YES ' E(!J • [20J , , [ 0 J Ld b'1i Q!.'.r.l"f. E [5J READY , ' ENTER YOUR COLONY NOW. ' • [6J COLONY~~NTER Sub·program ENTER is a mechanism which facilitates entering symbols into a matrix (one row at a time) and may be omitted if [7J ' HERE IS- YOUR LIFE PORTRAIT ,' the player specifies the COLONY by himself. (See Appendix for the definition of ENTER.) Note, though, that the result of [8J HH COLONY • ENTER is a COLONY of Os and h - where the Os represent blank spaces and the 1s represent organisms .
This program welcomes the player, explai ns the rules (if • ~I[~ COLONY ; GENERATIO N r~questedl. uses a sub-program to ENTER a CO LONY, and [1] GENERATION~O Engage Related Mathematical Questions, e.g.: finally calls a sub-program to display the LIFE portra it of the - D~es there exist a colony which will grow forever (never COLONY. [ 2] NEXT , GENERATION~GE N ERATION+l dYing out and never repeating itself)? I [ 3] !'1lI~X COLONY - ':'re there an y algorithms for "backward synthesis"_ [0] COLONY~flYQ~Y~ COLONY The named I'of this program is GA MEOFllFE . IProgram names I.e., determining predecessor ("parent") colonies? are un er med he.'e ~or easy identification.) The del symbols [5] +END If O=+/+/COLONX - Do there exist "original" colonies which may never be ( V) mark the beginning and the end of the program. [6] -+NEXT pr~u .ced by the "laws of Life," i.e., have no parents? [7] END : ILIFE HAS EXPIRED AFTER 1 ; GENERATI ON; , OE NERAT I ON$ . ' (This IS known as the "Garden of Eden" question.)2 Une [11 and (2J print out text. line (3] accepts the user's - Is there a colony which has a parent but no grandparent? answer ( (!J ) and branches to a line called READY if all of • ( 1\ / I the letters 'YES' .are found in ( E ) th e ans wer. If not, it Exsmine the Aesthetics: goes on to the n.ext flO e [4] wh ich executes su b- program - .Se~i~g the Game of Life as an art form, one could study l~~SOFLIFE. Line [51. READY, prints text. line [6J Sub·program LIFE (shown above) is the structure which performs the basic simulation procedures: It begins at GENERATION individual patterns and their dynamics for aesthetic 0; it specifies the NEXT GENERATION to be one greater than the previous GENERATION; it PRINTs the COLONY (see sub qualities. ut~lr %es sub·pr~ram ENTER to SPecify a COLONY. Line (7] prln~ text. Line fB] executes sub-progra m LIFE for ttl program PRINT below); it EVOLVEs a given COLONY to become a new COLONY (see sub-program EVOLVE below); it goes Think of Related Games or Simulations: particular COLONY. e to the END of the program IF the sum of the organisms in the CO LONY is ever equal to 0 (meaning there are no organisms left); - (See Extensions of Life further on in this article.) otherwise it repeats the process with the NEXT generation. IF is a sub·program used to make branchi ng commands easily readable. Its definition is: I Thll question was first reised by John H "'--__., ...... ff $60 . f . . """' •• v"n"OO e ... d pm:e or Its enS\'Y8r. It heslinc, been enswered. (Set th, "gilder" ~o1~v on pege 19 fo r B clue; or write Robel"1 T. WeinwriWit 1280 • I'.!J.I~X, , COLONY This program PRINTs 8 blank line MAY·JUN 1979 19 Program EVOLVE is at the heart of this simulation model. !!.t!MgQf.HEg WE LCOME TO THE GAME OF LIFE . DO YOU KNO W THE RULES? • N E W+gIQ~lg CO LONY [I] COLONY+O ~QBQgB COLONY NO [2] NEIGHBORS+£~BIgI COLONY THE GAME OF LIFE BEGINS WITH A COLONY OF ORGA NISMS . [3] BIRTHS+(-COLONY)A(NEIGHBORS=3) FOR EXAM PLE . YOU COULD BEGIN WITH A COLONY LIKE THIS , [4] SURVIVORS+COLONYA(NEIGHBORS=2)v(NEIGHB O RS~2)V(NEIGHB O RS=3) [5] NEW+BIRTHSvSURVIVORS * • *** * * The program takes as input an existing COLONY (represented in Os and ls) and produces a NEW colony. It begins, on line [1J, WH ERE EACH * REPRESENTS AN ORGANISM by placing a BORDER of Os (representing blank spaces) around the COLONY Ito allow room for possible births). THEN S UC CESSIVE GE NERATIONS OF THE COLONY ARE REP RODUCED ACCORD I NG TO THE FOLLOWING ' LAWS OF LIFE " I . EACH ORG ANI SM WITH 2 OR 3 NEIGHBORS SURVI VES TO THE SUCCEEDiNG GENERATION . Program BORDER accomplishes • BORDERED+SYMBOL ~QBQgB MA TRIX BIRTH this by appending the SYMBOL (0) 2. EACH BLANK SPACE WITH 3 NEIGHBORS WILL HAVE A [ll BORDERED+SYMB OL. GENERATION. (SYMB OL, MATRIX, SYMBOL) to the t op, bottom, left, and OF A NEW ORGANISM IN THE SUCCEEDING • SYMB OL right of the colony MATRIX . ENT ER YOUR COLONY NOW . * *** * Then, on line 121. a SURVEY is conducted to determine the number of NEIGHBORS associated with each organism in the * COLONY. The above configuration-called the Latin Cross-dies out in five generations, as shown on the next page. ~~ This is performed by simultaneous • NEIGHBORS+~QBIgI COLONY array calculations in pro~ram SURVEY. [I] NEIGHBORS+(I~COLONY)+(-I~COLONY) (Details are not discussed here.) +(leCOLONY)+(-leCOLONY) Suffice it to say that the result +( -le l~COLONY) + (lel~COLONY) NEIGHBORS is a matrix identical in +( - le-I~COLONY)+(le - I~ C OL O NY) size t o COLONY containing the number of NEIGHBORS for each element of COLONY. • Then, on lines [31 and 141, the BIRTHS a~d SURVIVORS are function in APL) computed. First, all BIRTHS are found sImultaneously. They are found precisely where COLONY has blank spaces (- COL· Finally, on line 15), the NEW colony is a matrix where there ONY produces 1s where there are Os in COLONY) and where are 1s in BIRTHS or SURVIVORS. matrix NEIGHBORS is equal to 3. ( 1\ is the and function in APL) PLAYING THE GAME OF LIFE VIA COMPUTER All SURVIVORS are found similarly, except that they are One is now ready to play the Game of life, with the assistance located where there are organisms in COLONY (ls) and where of the computer. Starting at the beginning, type there are NEIGHBORS which equal 2 or 3. (v is the or GAMEOFLIFE. MAY·JUN 1979 21 RECREATIONAL COMPUTING .. l This initial colony eventually EVOLVEs into a ,eyeli...: pa~ern of "traffic lights," which after generation 9 fliP-flop with a period of 2. HERE IS YOUR LIFE PORTRAIT , LU.ff: HOOK Some of the common "still life" forms include: 1 No t e that sub-program LIFE ** may be used directly if 1 * t he colony is already * * establ ished. *** * * 2 ** ** 2 *** * * 3 *** *** 3 The outcome of this LIFE is a stable colony (a "still * 4 life") . * * * * * * * * * * 4 * 5 * * * * * * * * 5 6 * * SUBSCRII"TION O RDER * * * 5 ---.=.-::.::=--- --.- At t his point, the computer * * pr i n t - out was i nterrupted . :::..~::;'= 'l:" - -"';.:--= * --:...:J.::::::===-- ---::-:.-- I ----•..! ::.-- LIFE HAS EXPIR ED AFTER 5 GENERATIONS . Sample Life histories of some other colonies follow. (For pur poses of ill ustration, assume that the colonies have been speci· fied beforehand, rather then going through the procedure just shown.) 22 RECAEATIONALCOMPUTING This colony appears to grow and g'ow, transcendental ly. Some colonies tend to move across the grid. EXTENSIONS OF LI FE For example, the "glider"moves down and to the right one Extensions of the Game of Life easily suggest themselves to $Quare every four generations before replicating itself. the acclimated player. Some extra features which could be Hf./f PI 14 • built into the programs developed here include: (It is said to move at %. the speed of light.) ••• 1. Changeable Laws of Life • • • Making the rules for survival and birth changeable allows • • • the player to experiment with different Ufe "systems," ** *** ** e.g. changing the number of neighbors required for births * ** * ••• to 2 generally yields more prolific communities. •• • • • • LU:~ GLIDER ••• •• • • •• 2. Variable Life Portraits 13 ••• • •• Allowing one to specify the interval of life portraits • • becomes desirable when players wish to view colonies • • with extended longevity. E.g. a print-out once every 100 Interrupted •• *** ** generations.. • • • •• • • • 1 • The symbol used for displaying organisms can be changed 12 ••• ••• • •• ••• at the player's discretion -say, from * to O. In addition, ***** • • •• •• a different symbol, e.g .• could be used to identify the •• •• new organisms (births) in a colony . •• • • 3 . Display Orientation and Economy ••• • • • • • • Since a border of spaces is appended to the colony each 11 • • •• •• 2 generation, its position changes. The colony moves down • • •• and to the right (relative to the top left of the pagel one • • • • space every generation. • • • • • • It is sometimes desirable to trim the extra rows and •• columns of spaces (on the borders only). especially when •• viewing the Ufe portraits of colonies which grow to large • proportions. ••• ••• 10 1 • • • This technique is desirable since computer input·output ***** • 3 • • •• • • 2 • • devices are always constrained for practicality -about a •• •• • • •• hundred characters per horizontal line on a typical tele· •• •• • communications terminal . •• •• 3 •• • • • • •• •• This technique, however, has certain sacrifices. E.g., the true position of a colony, as it evolves, is lost. Only • distances relative to organisms within the colony are pre ••• 4 •• served . ••• 4 •• 9 • • • • 4. Maxima • • ** ** Specifying maxima in the game-either a maximum • • number of reproductive cycles, say 1000 generatiOns, or a • maximum size allowable for any colony, say 30 by 50- *** *** • ••• bounds the time invested in anyone colony (the 8 *** 5 • • computer's time tool) . ** ** • • •• • 5 • • 6 ** ** Of course, there are also variants of the game itself. For ** ** 7 • ••• ••• example, Ufe can be played (1) on non-rectangular grids, such ** ** • • • • as a hexagonal grid; (2) in three dimensions (or more?); (3) on • • •• •• cylindrical, toroidal (doughnut) or any number of other sur· •• •• faces; (4) with boundaries, so that organisms reaching the edge Note that a colony with a stable component which repeatedly either (a) fall off and die, (bl come up the other side-say sends off a glider-or any moving, self·sustaining "scouting after a latency period of one generation, or (cl reflect back at party" -will therefore continue to grow forever. the same angle of approach; (5) with interacting species, e.g. "viruses;" and (6) with competing species. The possibilities for The existence of such a colony-a "glider gun"-answers the creative "Ufing" seem endless. Have funl But beware ... you question of infinite life raised earlier. may not be able to quit. 24 RECREATIONAL COMPUTING MAY·JUN 1979 25 APPENDIX Complete Program Displays: 9)'EFl.[OJ9 9 )'IE~ COLONY;GENERATION [1] GENERATIONTO [2] NEXT,GENERATIONTGENERATION+l )LOAD LIFE2 [3J ERI«X COLONY SA VED 06/14/74 [4] COLONYT~YQLY~ COLONY )FNS [5] ~END IE O=+/>/CO LONY ~QBQER ~«'lER EYQLYE !24!:1EQE)'IEE IE kdliliQEkIEE LIEE EBI«X ,YBYEl 'lRI!:1 [6] ~NEXT [7] END, 'LIFE HAS EXPIRED AFTER ' ;GENERATION; ' GENERATIONS.' 9 GdM.l:QEHEEl[ OJ 9 9 9 !2d!:1~QEHf~ [ll ' WELCOME TO THE GAME OF LIFE. ' 9ERI«'l[OJ9 [2] ' DO YOU KNOW THE RULES?' • [ 3] 9 ERI«'l COLONY ~READY IE A/'YES'€~ 11] , , [4] HliliQEHEE [ 5] L2] GENERATION READY : ' ENTER YOUR COLONY NOW.' [3] , *'(COLONY+1] [ 6 ] COLONY·E«'lEB [7] ' HERE IS YOUR LIPE PORTRAIT: ' [8] HE~ COLONY VEVOLVE[OJV 9 NEWT~YQkYEl COLONY (1] COLONYTO ~QRQER COLONY v l!.8.!!:2QEld.Eg( D) V [2] NEIGHBORSTIiQRYEI COLONY 9 HIi,QEHH [3] BIRTHST(-COLONY)ANEIGHBORS=3 [ll , , [4 J SURVIVORS+COLONYAv/NEIGHBORSo . =2 3 [2J ' THE GAME OF LIFE BEGINS WITH A COLONY OF ORGANISMS .' [ 5] NEW+BIRTHSvSURVIVORS [3J ' FOR EXAMPLE , YOU COULD BEGIN WITH A COLONY LIKE THIS ,' [ 4 J , , [5] * ' [6] 9!lQRQ~R[OJ9 ~ * * * ' 9 BORDEREDTSYMBOL !lQRQ~R MATRIX [ 7 J * ' [ll BORDERED.SYMBOL,(SYMBOL, MATRIX, SYMBOL) ,SYMBOL [8] * ' [9J , , [ 1 °J ' WHERE EACH * REPRESENTS AN ORGANISM .' [ ] 1 J , , 9,YRYH[OJ9 [12J V Z+§.!LB.y'gX. X_ ' THEN SUCCESSIVE GENERATIONS OF THE COLONY ARE REPRODUCED' e e e l$X)+(l e l$X)+ [ 13 ] [ll Z.(l$X)+( l$X)+(l X)+(', X)+(:l ' ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING' ' LAWS OF LIFE' r:, ( 1 e 'l$X)+l e 'l$X [14J , , 115] 1 . EACH ORGANISM WITH 2 OR 3 NEIGHBORS' [16J SURVIVES TO THE SUCCEEDING GENRATION .' 9'lRI!:1[ OJ9 [17] , , 9 DOWN+'lRI!:1 MATRIX [18] 2 . EACH BLANK SPACE WITH 3 NEIGHBORS WILL HAVE A BIRTH ' [ll DOWN+(O.-l+(vf MATRIX)ll)+(O . l-(vf $MATRIX) t l).MATRIX [19J OF A NEW ORGANISM IN THE SUCCEEDING GENERATION .' [2J DOWN+($O, -,+(V/DOWN)t,).($O , l - (V/ e DOWN) t 1 j+DOWN [20J , , 9IE[OJ9 9 E«'l~R [0 H 9 BRAN.CHTLINE IE CONDITION MATRIX+gNXga;LINE BRANCHTCONDITION/LINE l1J MATRIX+O IOOpO [ 2] LINE+,I!J [3] +6 I.E. O=pLINE [4J MATRIX+MATRIX .. , , x10 Q+LINE [ 5 J ~2 [6] MATRIXT'lRIM MATRIX RECREATIONAL COMPU TI NG MAV-JUN 1979 27 Usting of a program loaded from the disk. Write a new program named COUNT PllifF FOR THEAPPIE II ':'::':IJE"P t\.';"n -<:()JrST? ."£...1 ~:X.:,:.n t'=-'·E?cO"P",'TE F"i:G:';" 1'"+ 'E'/COO"T ,£"J._Esr~ LI;T """",EGIt' tOT : 2"' T: T" I:; FF1)(;':"\ Crull S ~ : -I,- : ( .. t T: T~ l ~ 1 : - (;'- ~ L'TE TO""T "' .... ) I · u:C,lo' , ~'Er,t : , (": 2. ) ""'. . "C' c/3 f.c..""(\J£S·y LIST - (" : 2 + ~ - Ck-::. , " oE£'::I N , ( : C+ l I T: U " ::: T: ThIS F'FO:.F."" c.eViTS "(" : ( +1 ? T: "G -I CI C.+\ "C: C· I '! J : ' fEGIJ'I "~ - tIll : ~ (": ( - 1 "k DiN" ;:t:o.'tsr' ;U'" "" CE" CC·1F1.Jl£ T~ I S F'POGPf'u ro.!NTS .:.• • e an extendedMicro-PllifF intCljJreter a-3 • -\ C+ \ • ~ Loop stopped BY CHUCK CARPENTER Here are some of the interpreter's features: with Control·C Enmpfe 2 ·;-1 • 2 • AU the commands and instructions used by C. Shapiro Two examples showing From our crtlClc Apple /I correspondent. Chuck Carpenter, the compute feature comes this article on Micro -PILOT- the fim, he says, of an • COMPUTE instl1Jction added flVsrything. you've. always - wanted - to · know series. Here Chuck describes the interpreter written by fellow Texan • INVERSE and FLASH of characters or words Arley Dealey. Apple II Micro·PILOT's inner workings are very similar to MATCH, for instance, appears to allow only as many [terns most current versions. If you have been reading about PILOT you can fit on one line. By using the 'N' conditioner, • Disk SAVE, LOAD and REPLACE commands as Arley is 8 student st Southern Methoditt University, where in pest issues of RC/PC, you have an understanding of the though, you can extend MATCH for as many lines of items lan~age. (If not, the back issues are a good place to get up to as you want. The following example shows one possibility: 1M is majoring in underwater arr:haeology and doing program • Named programs ming on the side. To handle this sideline, Arley has formed 8 speed.) There are some differences, however, and these will be discussed in more detail. COMPUTE, although not too powerful in this version, allows company. MagickB Software. Among his current projects-in • Soft entry after exiting interpreter with BYE addition to the PILOT inrerpmer described below- are a incrementing and decrementing a counter, Also, tha COMPUTE instruction can perform the functions ADO, CO.PILOT text editor, an advanced text editor, and 8 disk • Paddle # 1 (POL 0) controls list speed utility package. He also writes programs for severo! small 15 T: HOW DO YOU FEEL NOW $NAMEl SUBTRACT, MULTIPLY and DIVIDE, You're limited to single digit integers but this is plenty for a non· mathematical businesses in the area. As Chuck Carpenter puts it, "Arley • Syntax error message 16 T: has 8 talenc for programming. " 17 A: language (a future Micro- PI LOT wilt have all BASIC features -L8 • Use of@ to inhibit carriage return 18 T: as part of COMPUTE). A JUMP to a subroutine containing a 19 M: OK, GOOD, LOUSY, FINE, NOT BAO COMPUTE counter (C+l) instruction will increment the • Call peripherals from REQUEST using PR# (X) 20 MN: NOT SO GOOD, WONDERFUL, TOPS counter (keep a count of correct guesses, for instance). Using PILOT interpreters written in BASIC and machine languages 21 MN: SUPER, IN THE PINK, STUPID JUMP to a C-' instruction would decrement the count. Example 2 illustrates some possibilities for COMPUTE. are becoming increasingly available. The PILOT interpreter to • Suspend listing with space bar 22 T: be described here was written in Applesoft floating point 23 JY: 'END BASIC by Arley Dealey. Apple II Micro·PILOT was first • Continue listing with any key Extensions edded to this version of PI LOT make the inter· conceived early in 1978 from the program written by O1uck. 24 IN: 'BEGIN preter unique to Apple and more interesting to use. First are 25 'END the INVERSE and FLASH modes, With the use of three Shapiro, whose article on the subject appeared in the SePt.Oct • line length limit warning bell 1977 issue of People's Computers. Arley's Micro·PILOT uses 26 END: control characters (I, N&F), you can cause any charactllr or word or whole iine to be displayed in an inverse or flashing the same logic, but has several significant additions and exten. See page 31 for a complete list of Apple II Micro·PILOT Example' sions. field. This makes it pO$$ible to accentuate certain program features. Extending the MATCH command features or results. 28 RECREATIONAL COMPUTING MAY·JUN 1979 29 .£' _G1'> ;'..t' The Apple II Micro · PILOT interpreter also features: LIST I'l~. if "'f;:L£ fLO=~,{'''S suspension with the space bar (stops the program during ... listing so you can examine it, starts again with any key); • "f~<.i II I f -HI ,T • ...t ••. ;1y ~.;..£ IS F ~, I:' r : t.F'(;" '. ~,; .; ; , II T: -£"'E 1'. .,.,. L.; ~ '?i:t: ,:, VNa iFl ....·, , 12 .;." .~ --.;-c .... E II lL' T .... I ~ t : , Li sting 1 is a trivial program I worked up as an example of I': J" " .• ,._ ~.T something done with this interpreter. The illustrations in _ • ;O.£L T~T I'; ~T P 'w(lh£L £~ I':';; It: T: · ....t:; ). E.... I''':'''E Example 2 'oNere done this way, too. I think that PILOT has T.~:' , _ -"~E: 't't£foV.UL H I;:", ! 1;" r, a lot more potential than shown by these examples. I'm going ",:;. ;t -;:. !: ,; : ~-"t<," ·E, -": "0 1-:> T: to look for some of the possibilities. .J'Of' TO ~"'!£L£: '"' (( i£' : ;" , <: 01 , ,: . c, ~£,\Hr;. 'E"- .:! T"T..... TE·iCFI _. l''f.''[ _.:=.:. ', T.... T' !S· (.,::O;:;;;ECT I= I C>f, '" 2: ... , . .iL I'd be interested in exchanging ideas and programs with any "e::,"l'l:' .. .,Tf~ OJ:~ HPVE ~,~,;: ~~:crr_<- "" J'" -,T .F __ ( . 1 .. 1 e. ·u,·-:(· ..... "T and all of you interested PI LOT s, too. I've had a lot of fun ::::F=ECT "'~... ,U;S ~ T: working with Apple II Micro ·PILOT. I am looking forward to r:£ T: '''''Z", "r6('r... ·'r "":'''E ' IO)W"o1'IT TO TF( IT F(,i1!rJ' :;7 T: helping my youngster learn to program wi th PILOT - he's :CN 1-;' ... ME Y ,0;- 1ES "'rlO ~ "0; 1<1 . .:s .. , almost three now. When the version with extended COMPUTE 2 T: ~~;r'ITJ IH,TF "1. ) ..... 31 ·c. .." "T: oo ,I)j ,an TO T~Y IT ~lr, ..., f'E)lJESr .q T: TYpt ,- 1'"0; tE, ""t! fl ro; ~~. t£" - '.T"I'>T Of' ';£~l P;' " • .,: 42' T: .. ~ ~ r,.~ " fr;'(;~r'<'I ' .... 't ~ ;. , Ll3T .. :...!ST.' ',,, '£: :;:~.""" T"""T 'I S ' (OF~'E(T <;1""" "I ~, T: "1-~ - ~_' Quickly I ..... lnistan«' units accumullte thell current supplies, di~\S(mbre thrir <.":Imp into relocatable objnt modules, load the" trans· porlS, and he&in to mo~e" Lonca. as always. I onward. for almost . forms Ille leoo of the Resi.tanCC' ..... 'th Billy It III Micro L:md is cencrally her .ide and I- · Man leading the Monstcr alon, mOSt . bU I at lut t ..... y stand on its chanKI"r stnna. edge of the Grell Voltall<' Divide. Holy Hollerim _ , • of coursel Thlt Bul Lineal Thll's jusl my Dlta ~rifY offICer ,ew, c:aJghl brukpoinll You''I'I only .... I me tryi"ll to smuggle him pasl few of F ·Mln's powers . •. m. Gites .. • he tried 10 u"" II restonl his m.mory U·V Proj«:lor on the PROM,! could GII,ch· It W1II only I short IXPOW", but , . Hmmmmm .. . I possibility. thlnl just might bro" wr., ... As I rec&l1, you are the land's r ...test authority on Fort.., Min • • , eorrlC1? Um ... 111 much 111 I'd like to I I don't Ihink _'w gol me tNl· Well, uh . , , I guess to, I mun timel G_rli WirewOlJnd will Slill know .....1"( detai! of .....ry be coo'l'lfging his rfli,tancII nil adwomwre he ...... hM! . .. IMIn work, on the Capil:ll City . . . mOle where I wasn'l with himl ITld if _ ... nol th... to help Will linu's plan ICIUllly hold up under txecu· But I don', lie whll mit lies to tion? Will Fortran Man eve r recoyer his me mory him, thl Will" could be 10$11 Already do wilh . . 5PICC' and proper ID? Will Bill y B.asic s"",ivc _ hlYI losl mlny Ylluable W9\IHli"ll? his plu"in operation? Will M'CTO·Land ever be cycles , , • I don'l know if we cen f",e of Ih Gli tchmaster? wm this inane comie ...... get there in time lTlymorel stri p ath'entun: e.-n end? NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED 111111 IN THE UNITED STATES Oh " , ...... gulp .,. um , • • Ilello tIIeR7 BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 756 MENLO PARK. CA POSTAGE WI LL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE DR , DDBB'S JOURNAL Firs t comcs IIl~ in famous Cli t ~h m aS l n, P,O , BOX E tries 10 claIm tile La nd of the L, !!1e P as his o ... n~ Then ~omu the UndervOll'" 1263 EL CAMINO REAL sislanoe M o~emenl. 10 pull do.,.,n the CI. MENLO PARK, CA 94025 regime Jnd n:load Ille old oroer. anc baule is on! The journey ~ Ion, .. , ~el withoul PAUSl:. Ihey I'nCule onward. oye. Ihl' ,real dati fklds, Ihrou&h silicon ~all~y$ and " .oss Rcrial dill slrC3ms , .. and al Ihey go Ihrre is II lasl lell you .acunively, fo. inter· transmiSSion of personal dati. did you find him? I ... I know, Linea". but F .Man has sawod my code from d ..truC1ion mOl"l limas til., I can ...... berl And bMides. to ...... our home· I,nd ... r I7Wtt lak. tile chancel Qujckl~ lhr resistan,,( un'ts Iccumula t ~ thei r cumn! supplies, di$.l~mble Ihcir camp inlo ",Ioca lable obJecl modules. load Iheir Inms· pom. and begin 10 mo.e. unC Shorl'l'irc:uilly the Dlvid( ~ spanned and Holy Hollerith ..• 01 coursel Thlt BUI Linell The,', ju.t my On. s.curity officer lhal caught brNkpointl yOOJ · ... only .en • babn«d. Across Ihis !lve bridge Ihe ResinanCC' prop,apte me trying to him pIIIt k w 01 F -Min'. powen .•. SIn". Castle on Ihe opposite side me Gites • . • hi tr~ to UIII • _tore hi. mwnory I.pKtI .nd .,. ". U-V P'oj«tor on the PROM,! oould out·compute the Glitch· II .... lOI only I Ihort 8XposU ..., mllSte"s .." ,. ' r---~:;:: Urn . " as much. I'd like to I I don't think _'.... go! 1I'MI ..I , Well, ull . . . I guess 1(1. t mult ti .... , G-.I Wir.wound will Itill know .....-y detail of _rv be converging hil I1tIiIUO .... nfl· ad"f'llnlu .... he .wi_ had •. • even WOrkl on tile Capital City" , those where I wa.n', with him! Will Lin ea's plan ac tuall y hold up under execu· .,d if we ar. nOI tile .. 10 Ilelp But I don', s.ee whet thl t has to tion? Will Fort ran Man eve r recover his memory him, 1I'MI wat could be lOll! AI..-dy do with ... ""hi ' _ have loll many valu.ble space and proper 1m Will Billy Basic su .... we ...... '"'Ig ? !tis plug.,n Opfralion! Will MII:ro· land ever N ~c"'. I don'l know if _ ..... ,. free of the Gli tchmaster1 Will Ihis inane comic _ gef then. in lime .,ymorll strip ad' enture ~ "ff end? - "What is all this stuf/?" Yes, we've heard THE DEFINITION that more IMn once, as new RC readers, THE REFEREE paging through the magazine, disco~er Role·Playing began as an attempt to articles talking about fantasy fands, epic In any Role.Playing system, one person capture the mystery and adventure of a has the job of the referee , and serves games, and role-playing; not to mention, fantasy world, such as Tolkien's Lord 0.' abundant references to dragons. The several purposes. First, it is his respon. the Rings. A place where magic not only sibility to create the world in which al1 [ollowing article, reprinted from the exists but is an accepted practice and premier issue of Different Worlds, goes Q of the action in the game will take place. even a way of life. Imagine reliving The complexity of this world can vary long way tOl4lQrd answering that question. Frodo's trek across Middle Earth or It is one of the clearest, most comprehen greatly. It can be as simple as a couple Elric's adventures with Moonglum in the of rooms below a castle or as complex sive explanations of fantasy role-playing Young Kingdoms. It is also an experi. (o therwise known as FRPJ we've seen. as a whole planet, complete with history, ment in the interaction between people. continents and a multitude of ongoing One person (the referee) presents a adventures. It should also give you an idea of why situation complete with conflict and computer nuts are often attracted to reward , and the others (the players) this [ann of gaming. You want lots 0/ It all depends on the referee's ambition try to combine their talents to overcome variables and excitement and programs and the amount of time available to work the challenge and gain the reward. The that "learn?" Wel/, consider the possibil on it. One very popular time.saving conflicts usually tend to involve monsters ities in FRP. For practiCill tips on how to device is to borrow a framework and or bad guys, but can also include riddles, apply Q computer in the early siages o[ history from some existing mythos. traps or mazes. Though the rewards Of course one of the most popular is play, reJ1d the Dragon s comments in our often are a fonn of treasure (gems, gold continuing series on Runequesf, which I.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings returns next issue. or magical items), they can be more trilogy. Other popular works include abstract, such as solving that riddle , Howard's Conan, Moorcock's Elrie, l.e figuring out the trap or making it through Gulo's &rthst!Il trilogy and Leiber's Different Worlds is a new role-playing the maze. l'NlgaZine from The CHAOSium (P.O. LAnkhmar. CHAOSium has its own Box 6302, Albany, C4 94706). Subs. fantastic world of GlorontluJ. If the players survive the adventure, criptions are $9 for one yeJ1l' (six issues). they have some method for the advance -LB Once the referee has detennined this ment of their characters - a fonn of structure, he then populates the different BY CHARLIE KRANK growth process. As the characters areas, be they dungeon rooms that he's advance, they experience an increase drawn out on paper, or the wilderness in their fighting skills usually accompan areas located on his maps, with monsters. ied by an increase in the amount of The tenn "monster" is used here and w indeed are the days when money found on adventures. Players will someone hasn't come into the in many rules systems to lodicate the use this money to replace, improve or animals, humans, and human-type store and asked, "What is all ff augment their equipment. In a complex creatu res in the world. This would in this stuff?" What they were looking at world . they may also be required to buy clude, for example, the friendly EJven are the miniature figures and the rule food and lodging. systems of fantasy and science-fiction Magic User who, for a price, will show the role-playing games. The flfSt of the adventurers out of the area they have Role·Playing is not a competitive type gotten lost in. these was a fantasy game which began of game like chess or the standard war about five or six years ago called games, but is rather a cooperative effort Certain common ·sense types of guide Dungeons and Dragons. Now, there are on the part of the players to defeat several very good systems on the market . . lines should influence the referee's place. the referee's monsters. Also , there is no ment of monsters. Large dragons, for true "Win" in the game. Each adventure instance, would need an immense room Well , I got so tired of trying to explain in the game builds on the one before, what all of this means (and only succeed. if they were not to feel cramped (remem. almost as if each adventure were a ber that they do have to stretch their ing in making them even more confused). chapter in a book. If the player's char 1Jjeginner'5 ~uibe to that I decided to write an article for those wings at times). Also, certain monsters acter survives, he will partiCipate in the just naturally do not get along well who have never even heard of role-play. next adventure with a more powerful ing. To do this in s6me sort of logical together. Just a little time spent consider. character. If not, he must start over with ing these factors will add incredibly to manner, I have broken the game down a new character. jfanta5p l\oIe-t)Iaping into its major components and begin with 'the believability of play. a defmition of what Role-Playing is. At this point, it may be helpful to look. The next task of the referee is to place at just what the referee and players do the treasure in his adventure. Usually, in the game and how they go about reo when a party runs into a room, ahnost R,printed with perm'-Ion from Dlfft""'t solving the conflicts. Worldr. gets killed, but does succeed in dispatch. © 1979 Th, CHAOSium, Albanv. CA 94706 log the monster. the group expects to find a good deal of treasure . I, however, 34 AECA EATtONA L COMPUTING MAY·JUN 1979 35 Simpler questions on ability can usually The money with which you start the Throughout all of this, you will find fmd it more stimulating when the amount When looking for a system to use talk THE RESULTS of booty is just enough to pay expenses be resolved by a die roll. The more com· game can be detennined in several ways. that your character will become more with the people at the store. They m;y be until the next adventure and possibly plex questions will require some judg Some systems use tables showing differ and more a part of you. He will begin to able to help you decide which system Finally, there are several effects of replace or improve my weapons and ment on your part. If you really cannot ent social classes and the probabilities develop a personality of his own and would best suit you. Then, go home and becoming involved in Role-Playing. When annor. deCide, the players always have sug· for each, with the classes each having increasingly, you will fmd that yOU' play read the rules through several tini'es gestions, not all of which can be men· amounts of money available. Others the character as an individual. This is the I fint began, I was buying any and every. before playing, or, better yet, try and thing that I could get my grubby little 1hls type of campaign style serves several tioned in pUblic. You may want to listen use a simple die roll. However it is done, essence of Role·Playing, and one of the nnd somebody who plays the rules. High purposes: first, it provides continued to them, but the final decision will have an amount of money will be allotted. prime reasons why it has caught on in hands on (my father never could under. schools and colleges are often good stand how you could spend so much motivation to adventure; second, it vastly to be yours. Remember also that what is With this, you must purchase weapons, the past few years. You are able to live places to look. increases the value of plate mail and good for the players is good for the annor (as mentioned above) and sup out your fantasies through your char money on just one game). As a result, fmely made weapons and, finaily, it monsters, and vice versa. As you become plies. The choice of weapon will be basic acter, and his death could result in a I am now the proud owner of hundreds Once you decide on a system, there are of miniature figures, and enough rule helps prevent the players from acquiring more experienced, you will find that your ally up to you. real sense of loss. several ways to play. Some people like an arsenal of super-powered goodies and game will attain an individuality and style systems to start a small store. You will THE RULE SYSTEM to play orally. The referee describes the find yourself staying up to all hours of aids with which they breeze through all its own and that the players will be Some systems have restrictions based on rooms, and the players tell him what hordes of baddies without the slightest eager to find out if they can master its character classes (occupations), social The most important part of any Role the night devising ways to subtly elimi they are dOing. I prefer to use little nate the playen. All your free time will danger to themselves. The final decision murky depths. ranks or abilities. The different weapons Playing game is the rule system. At this 25mm lead figures available in many disappear, and you become very, very will be up to you, but keep in mind that I will cost varying amounts of money and moment, there are quite a few systems game stores. They help both the players THE PLAYERS poor. Your games will last through part of the attraction of a game such as will do different amounts of damage. on the market. Here I will present only a and the referee visualize the action and It is often a wise practice to carry more one night and on into the next when this is the struggle to survive and the un f~w. In later articles, we will try to pro greatly aid in determining the distances Before the game starts, each beginning you drop from exhaustion, only to awake certainty involved in accomplishing that than one if possible, in case you happen Vlde a more complete listing. between the players and the monsters. player will generate one or more char to lose or break one. Armor may also and begin again. You can always tell a survival. ~en using these miniatures, the referee acters who will participate in the adven have certain restrictions similar to referee by the distinctly "undead" look If you are more interested in fantasy will have to indicate the hallways and ture. Players who already have characters weapons, but will be more influenced by about him.lt'sgreat! A third purpose of the referee is to run Role.Playing, you might go to your store rooms of his scenarios. Any method is all of those monsters which were so will just use the ones they have. Each rule your intended activities and pocket book. and look over these systems. From acceptable, be it toothpicks on a table. system has its own prescribed method While plate mail give you about THE FINAL NOTE thoughtfully scattered about. This will will Tactical Studies Rules (TSR) comes the top, chalk on a blackboard or grease be the closest you get to actually playing for this detennination of characten, the best protection around, it generally aforementioned Dungeons and Dragons pencil on plexiglass, as long as all players If you have any questions or comments in your world. The more life that you can but they all have certain points in com costs a great deal and is not ideal for and Empire of the Petal Throne. A understand the scale and the system. give to those beasties, the more enjoyable mon. The first step will be to generate swimmers. Conversely, the lighter fonns group in Arizona called Flying Buffalo concerning a rule system or interpretation will be your game to the players. There scores for certain characteristics, such as of armor, leather and chain, allow a good produces one of the more Iight.hearted of rules, please send them in to Different will be many times that you will develop Strength, Intelligence, Power, Constitu deal more movement and silence, but systems, called Tunnels and Trolls Worlds, care of Begimler's Brew, PO. a kind of attachment to one of your tion, Dexterity and Charisma. don't afford as much protection. and for those of you interested in a good Box 6302, Albany, CA 94706. human or inhuman monsters, but one deal of historical accuracy concenting ~ cold, hard fact that every referee must These scores will provide both an indica· Another use for money will be the the Middle Ages, look at Chivalry and Many of the articles on FRP use various face is that all your creatures will even tion of how your character will act in purchase of accessory equipment. Unless Sorcery from Fantasy Garnes Unlimited publication is abbreviations that are hobby standards. tually die (that doesn't mean that they certain situations, and help detennine you can see in the dark, as some races (FGU). FGU also makes a game based The following is a list of the more com. mon ones. won't take an adventurer or two down the profession he should follow. If your can, then torches are a good idea. Of on the very popular novel Watership available in with them, though). I'm not saying that character has very good strength, for course you will need to buy provisiOns Down, a book about a rabbit society you should go out.and purposely kill off example, he will be a better fighter and and some sort of carrying device. Other named Bunnies and Btmows. Gam; microfotm the characters, for if the players feel will perfonn better in strength-related things such as rope, stakes and mallet, D4 a four-Sided die Designers' Workshop has a game which 06 that that is your whole motivation, then activities such as opening locked doors flasks of oil and the like can also be very also closely simulates the mood in the age a six -sided die they may stop playing in your world than someone whose abilities lie more useful, but their purchase will have to 08 an eight·sided die of honor and chivahy caUed En Garde. 010 (and all of your work is down the tubes). in intelligence. The very intelligent depend on your monetary situation. Legacy Press manufactures Legacy and a ten-sided die (a twenty. lostead, a good referee will play the character, on the other hand, will have CHAOSium recently brought 'forth die numbered one to ten monsters so as to give the greatest chal· more of a mastery of languages and spells. Abo remember that money is good for Runequesrl twice) lenge to the players. This will keep the Both could accomplish the same end, but the buying of services, repair of annor 012 a twelve-sided die 020 game lively and interesting, and a good use different methods. and weapons, bribing of officials and so For those of you more into the science a twenty-sided die ------PI ...... "",...... IIltlonlllnIOfmltlon. 0100 a roll of two D 1Os to pro deal offun for all parties involved. forth. fiction type of adventure, consider Meta University Microfilms The next detennination will be the assess· morphosis Alpha, a trip through a lost duce random numbers A fmal purpose of the referee is to answer ment of the amount of damage that your If things are really tight, you could spaceship, by TSR. If you would rather International from olle to one hundred character can take before he is killed. borrow from the town money-lender 300 North leeb Road 03 a roll of a D6 with results the multitude of questions that the run your own ship, give Starships and Dept. P.R. players will ask. Some will be relatively Many systems have thls linked very (at outrageous prices, of course), but Spacemen by FGU a try, or even their Ann ArbOr, MI48106 of 1-2=1,3-4=2, and 5-6:3 easy, such as, "What are the chances closely with the constitution of the char remember that you should fmd at least Flash Gordon game. GOW makes another U.S.A. .of my character with a dexterity of 17 acter. Ouring the game, the player will a little treasure during the course of an spaceship running game called Traveller 18 Bedford Row 306 a sum resulting from a roll Dept. P.R. making a to-foot jump onto the back have to keep a running total of his charac adventure, so don't despair. Also, if and Tyr Gamemakers makes an all-en: of three D6s London, We1 R 4EJ IOxD6 of that orc?" Then will be the times ter's hit points. If these are exceeded, your character survives the adventure,lW compassing set of spaceship rules called England ten times a roll of D6 100x 10010 when they ask, "Does a Protection from then the character is dead. It becomes, fighting skills will develop. When he be· Spacequesr. If you always wanted to be a one hundred times a roll N,me of 10010 an Evil Spell apply to an animal who is therefore, very important to protect comes good enough, he can begin to hire superman, try Superhero 44 from Lou InstitutIon FRP fantasy role ·playing game your character as well as possible. One himself out. The number of ways in if Street instinctively protecting his territory from Zocchi. Finally, your interests lie more RPG intruden? He may not necessarily be of the primary ways of dOing this is to which money can be made (or acquired) in the Wild West framework look at Boot City role-playing game are only limited by your imagination. Zlp _ _ GM gamemaster considered evil un1ess he was sent here buy annor. First, though, you must Hill by TSR or Wild w~r from Lou Stat, OM purposely to hann us but ..... have some amount of money. ZocchL dungeon master APA Amateur Press Association 36 RECREATIONAL COMPUTING MAY-JUN 1979 37 SOFTWARE REVIEWS FROM YOU DESERVE THE BEST THE BEST OF THE PET GAZEITE CONTENTS REVIEWS "'ccoun"ng Poe. ,_51",1'5011"., • The PET Galette, published six times a W ..~I"9 ... deI 'om UI>_JI",,,'OWft ~I" Compu, .. Sy. year, contains a wealth of information Aft" ... ,ra.II_ N... Eng'''''' (,.. " ...."'. "0-0...... "._. • ". ...,_H SMI ...... """ _Uyp c... "'«.... "g "' ...,'_ TOI."ntom"l""'" $11\'",' for PET users. It is FREE/! The address 10. U. '1. ~.!6. 8o<;... ,,-C"'S ",,,,,cCIIC _ .. ",,," Soli"'" 5y... "" !,.en... " of the publication is 1929 Northport 2O,:Ie.)2,18.19 1 ..",. ,II_lnn..." ~-"",", H;nl' • "'.(,« ..... _.... ,..,..,.,1011 ... " 2~ . 11 1.,0._,_,hOUO'" "'''''~" •» ",.eros,., '_"'.""5oll .. ,,.S,II"'" Dr" Room 6, Madison, WI 53704. "O(.I'oI ... lafIOu~· 2f..301.311 ''II~' ~..,--S k " .. (IIC'"",,'" WOl\...... ,eo.._, ..... a,g ~I ... f' .., p- me - pbme - - bme- --me - ---e- 0011110 11 000 11 01111 10 100 1111 0000010 0 11 1100 1111111 11 00 111 0000 100 1000 11) 1110011 0001 110 111 000 1 11 11 00 1 0010000 0 100000 p--e- pb- e- - b- e- 010011 0 0000110 0000000 000 1000 0 11 0010 0001100 0010010 001 11 00 0111000 00 11 000 0100010 1001001 100001 1 0 11 0000 0100100 1100001 100000 1 p--es pb- es - b- es --mes - - - es 001010 0010100 0011 0 10 1010 11 1 0010110 101000 0101010 1110101 0 11 0100 010 1100 1000101 1010001 CONCEPTS p- mes pbmcs - bmes 10 11 10 1011111 011011 0 10 1101 1 111 010 11 01001 10 100 11 10 111 01 PARITY: Even number of "s. 100101 1 11011 \1 101010 1 11010 11 EXMnple-l011010 10011 01 111101 1 11 00101 11 01 101 BALANCE: Same number of l 's For example: Find the solutions to 10 11 001 1111101 111 0111 BY ERYK VERSHEN on each side of the middle digit. p-m-s. p-m- s pbm-. - bm - s --m-s ----5 EX8fflple-l01oo11 In the January-February 1979 isrut of MAJORITY: More l's than 0'5. I. Parity is on so there are either 0, 2, 010 111 101 1010 0110101 0111011 0101 11 1 000 1011 4 or 6 ones in each answer. 011011 10 111 00 10101 10 0 11 1101 011011 1 000 11 01 Re. we presented Q Concept Game pro EXMnple - 1 110011 2. Majority is on so there are 4 or 6 ones 01 11 0 1 11 01010 101111 0 111 0 11 0 0010 101 gram for the TRS·80. Almost be/ore the CLOSURE : Fint and last digit 10101 1 11011 00 11 0 111 0 1111 010 0100101 in each answer. ink dried, Eryk appeared with this clever are the same. 101101 1110100 way to completely solve the game . .. 3. Skip is on and closure is off so 6 ones 1010010 EXMnple - Ol00110 po_o s pb--s - b--s without a computer! Heresy! Stone the are not possible. 1010100 SKIP: "101" pattern somewtlere 1011000 infidel! What will happen to this world jf 4 . Balance is ' off and skip is on so the in the line. only patterns allowed are 4 ones wroch 11 01000 Deaple go around thinking? - RZ l i~~~~~ 1 ~~~ : ~~ 1 Exa-nple-Ol01011 preserve this last set of conditions. Balance off means that there must be The Concept Game is rather easy to fmd 3 ones on one side and lone on the • All mlJority • AU cloture • AIi.kip • All balarlCl • All parity solutions for if one has a computer Of other with a zero in the center,or 2 loIutiolQ sol ution. IIOlution. lIOIution. IIOlutionl some patience . Not possessing the former> A general strategy for playing the game ones on one side and lone on the I relied on the latter and generated the combines two techniques-memorization other with lone in the center. In accompanying Venn diagrams. The lines and proofs. You use memorization for short, the patterns must be of the within the diagram gather sets of com easy ones like -bm-- and proofs for form 103 and 112 and the mirror mon Conc~pt Game properties together. others. A proof, in general, goes as images. Expanding the short notations These common sets are the solutions to follows : the presence or absence of parity into the Concept Game solution fonn the game. breaks the number of ones in the possible gives: solutions into two sets ( to,2 , 4, 6,} and The notation in the diagram for the { I.' 3 ~ 5,7 } ); the presence or absence of 11101oo } 103 & mirror image various concepts are: P for parity. b for majontr causes further subdivision 0010111 balance, m for majority, c for closure , (\O,2t , \4,61,\1,31 , and\S,7!>; 0011011 1101100 } s for skip and _ for properties which are 0011101 10 11 100 . ' then using the state of balance and 1101010 112 & muTor unage absent. Ce rtain results are immediately closure, it is possible to create general 0101011 obtainable - no set of properties has more patterns, modified by whether skip is 0101101 101 1010 than ten solutions; only two sets (-bm- present, to obtain fmal solutions. and pb--s) have no solutions. MAY -JUN 1979 41 40 RECREATIONAL COMPUTING • Listing 10h!>. Si(~o), IIf (36), ~f\J) I ~ 20~(~ '''' ...... u ...... ; •• ~.;:1 : .::::~) ' y. 3<" , ~'!~6' ]ORE~. ... 4Ut~. :I<$I>[OOR tLEW-50 • SOR[", ,,: RON tARlSO" • ~m~ : fU, 1979 80"l~"."90~" - "llMflrp"!II.SlJlYJOM'.""""""""" "."."" •••••• 1 O~" t · 'lOIlH~U U IUllll \> I H~Dll MAJOR VARtABLES c Keeps traek of the number of questionli c, Keep$ track of the number of confrontations P(S,91 Reprnenn the pOIition in the hOUM for all five suspecu for the hours t -9 p.m. THE NEXT THREE VARIABLES ARE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED M Kiner ( 1 ·5) T Time (1·91 of the murder R Room location (1·61, demrmin&d by P(M,TI S$ . "BILLMARYPAULSUZY JOHN" .•. 5 four letter names RS · "LOUNGEATRIUMLIV INGDININGTROPHYGARAGE" ... 6 si. letter rooms FNA$ Suspect number - Name Room number" -+ Name Neme -+ Suspect number or room 'N. number 42 RECREATIONAL COMPUTING * * MAY·JUN 1979 43 A ""o /) New Erg te/t potteln "'" 44 RECREATIONAL COMPUTING - -- • - 771 IF l(aC THEH 791 78' COTO 7::11 IISS REII- SCORINC SEQUENCE 79. LET AIC)'I 1161 PRINT ··rou COT "IZI" RICHT AHD " i UI·' WRONC" 8111. LET 1(*, 117. pRIN' ··OUT OF A TOTAL Of",Z_ Y BII RESTORE 118' PRINT, PRINT 82. PRINT, PRINT, PRINT 1198 LET R*((ZlIZ_U))U,II) 931 pRIHT '·REAOI ...... U, PAUSE IS :~~: ~:i:~ ;'Y~~le~T " 'RI" PERCENT OF THE !.lORDS CORRECT" 8S1 PRhlT "tM·' 122. PRINT "WOULD YOU LIkE MORE WORDS? !YES " "'''' 86e CYRSOR B.2, 123' INPUT Tt B7, SET DS'C7 Ill' IF Tt I I .1 ,0"1" 'HEN 331 ELSE IZ6t ase PRINT C. 12S1 pRIN' , pRUn 89, SET OS*8 lZ6I PRINT "SEE fOU LATER'" FLASH 9111 PRH" "'I(" 126::1 RE"- WORD 8ANI( 91' LET L.ll . . ... ) 127. 91.11 PRINT "WHAT WAS THE WDRD " I IZ9, BY 938 RE"- INPUT TiMINC 1291 g:~: ::~!:~f:~=!~~::~:~~~~!i~~~~~~~;~I~;;~;!~~~:ii;:~!t~~ .. "1 INPUT It.UIt 13" 9S1 RE"· CI-!ECKINC AND SCORIItC SEQUENCE 1311 ~: ~: ::~:~~~~~¥~:: : ::~~~~6 ~~~!~~ ::~ ;'e~ ~~~~; .~ ~~~C~:~~~~;,T ION" THEOOORE C. HINES ROSANN COLLINS JERRY RUSSELL L1NOA SPENCER 96. LET p'INTIRNOI')oS)'1 1321 97' PRINT, PRINT, PRINT 1331 g:~: ::~:~~:~ : ~ ; ~~:~~~~:~~~~~~~:~f~~::' ::~:~~~:::. "QU IPS" 9B. LET HhCI 13" DATA .. OUALITy .. . ··REHTDRAT ED .. • Dr. Hines is a professor in the Library all male school, you may wish 10 change BASIC. In this program, a session runs THEN n, IF "_I 1'21 13S. DATA ··PRACT ICE", "WI THHOlD". ··QUEST ION" ··DIY 10ED.' Science/Educatiotll1i Technology DMsion that particular response to "Aua for 10 words, after which the player may 1"1 IF BI*···· T... EN PRINT "TIllE ' S UP .. IJ6I DATA ··CRAC 10US". "FRA"EO·· . "SPEC IAL". "H ~PpINESS" lell! IF III . .... THEN PRINT ··THE WORD WAS··' .. IJ7. OATA .. ARRANCE .. . ··JU~pED .. . ··QU ! C)(· . . .. FLATTEN .... c .. 0/ the School 0/ EdUClItion at the Univer choose to quit or continue. A cumulative 1.21 IF BhCI THEN 117, •.. . • 138111 Person!!" - RZ 'H", Oil TA "BUS I NE SS .. ... "UL E" ... NU~ BER·· • "pROOUCE" ' .. D~;~~! T" score is kept. The player is offered a 113111 IF 1'(3 THEN PRINT "NO . THE IIORO IS .. 1391 DAHl .. kIC)(ED ..... LDIIER ·· ... HICHER ..... SENSE .. "E;A>:T" sity of North Carolina at Greensboro, 14 .. ::;: ~~/~:~_rHEN PRINT ··'OU NISSEO IT.· THE ~~:O liAS ••• " IHI DATA "INSIDE". ··CRABBED". ··ZQO". "UNS. LIST 37' PRINl "WOULD IOU LIME DIFFICULT. "EDIUII. OR EAST WORD8?" II PRINT ",I(" 38' PRINT "(l1pE lOUR CIIOICE •• "I ZI DU' L •• (6SI • L3. (6SI "'" (6SI ,81 (6S) • C./6SI .H.c6SI 391 INPUT III 3' 01" 11(311 "e IF "h .... THEN 37' 41 LET L4 • • " 41. IF "'1101.'''0'' THEN LET R_I BY PETER A. STARK SI LET W• • ··FLASH". COSUB 1491 '21 IF ". 11.1 )·""" THEN LET R.Z m 6' PRINT , PRINT m 43' IF ".I\.I I-"E" THEN LET R-3 ~ 71 LET W• • ··C"~ .. ~i.hl 1978 ... J.~ ~ .. RIII .. II " , COSUI 149. H, IF R( I OR R>3 THEH 37. ~ Peler Stark. from Mt. Kisco. NY, sends us 7S LET W. ... u". T~.odo~1 C. Hin •• ", COSUB 149. .~. pRIHT , pRIHT ~~ ~~~ 1.I .... No~lh CI~ollnl a modified version of the Jumble rouline 81 LET Un i v .. IH .. ,,' ot Crl.nlbo.,,", 4" PRINT "DO lOU WANT THE WORDS PRINTED FAST OR SLOW 1" ~o COSUS 1491 47111 PRINT "!TYPE EITHER ' FAST' OR ' SLO!.!' )" ~~ Ihat appeared in PC (Vol. 7. No.2. 91 LET W. ... Crlln.b"r". North C.rolinl'" COSUB \49' 49' INPUT W' CO ..... L...lVl I" LET 1.1 . ... 1978 .. ' COSUS 1.91 ~~ page48) Sepl.-Oct. 1978. His program '9' IF W...... THEN 46' ~o. ~ 118 PRINT ~ .. IF lI. nol)-"F" THEN LET C7*2S ' LET 22-1 t'IIL...l::r:: .... runs on Ihe SWTPC. Peler slates that his IZI PRINT. PRINT, PRINT ~II IF W.HoII ·"S" THEN LET C7*7S' LET ZZ'1 ZL...lO .... "'Q. © 1978 by Jertlld Russell 46 RECREATIONAL COMPUTI NG MAY-J UN 1979 47 " et ••• "ILAN 1I Cl£PKo. "I> : ::: ;~I::t R:'YE ... FII..l$.!'IN se&! 1& tLS PRI ..T· ... GaL I' .. R .. a I t R P ••• 2tI cu:Nt1_ I>£F I NT R-I< :Ie 1>1" IH_.>. B( " '.SUI,.PO(_I , _ .. FOIl 1·1T00<1 11 <1>-9 8<1>-9 S",-9 H ( I , __ " N£XT I SfI Plli:1 ..T INPUT"IHIIT [S T14: ORTE-'" ~ POtI ..T [NPUT" ["TER ·1 1'011 -...... OR 1 FOR AlJTOPRINT',I> 78 """' ..T [NPUT" WHfIIT IS IJSG/'I c.o:lUIItK 1M1ING",'" "'00= ' ... IOOOE TABLE ••• U8 PR["T " SELECT _IlliTE ItOW: 1'_ T>£ TAeLIi 128 POtENT - 1.E"TER 01..1> ORTR 1'_ TAPE 1.l1 PftINT " 2-IOtCOI/D IIOfiTEI> Wll .. ON TIIP€ 1'" PRINT" l-E:$TABL ISI< I'ILIi F!>It "EW >E>t8l:1! 1~ PIIINT' _ooO l 5PVN c.t.M.I..IITIYE LIST I~ INP\IT I IF 1)01 ooTOH18 BY M I LAN D. CH EPKO 17& ON I ooTI> 2&&._.4&&.2_ 1" ... LI>IID 01..1> ORTR TAPE ... _ Q.$ I'a... [·UI)o08 "" h i 8<1' •• hll!XT I Ellen. though Milan. has assured us that receive 10 listings a season, or 30¢/listing/ to waste a few feet of paper than to 21.& PIIIN' PflINT " INSEI!T OU) t>IITR T_ 21.1 POtINT POtI""CHF;CJo; tllNNl:tTlOHS lIN!> YOt.I.t'I[ SETTIN(. he ;s not Q swinger, he has still produced member. The handicap is calculated by forget to hit the "print" switch. When 212 POt"'T PRINT'~ ' Pl."". BUT''''' ON REtOPOER 2'-1 PRI"T INPUT""IT ·E.. TER · _,. rtt:"""".I>. a solid hit with the following program. I taking the average of the 10 lowest you have made as many copies of the 21. lNP\ITe-l. IU, 10, R 48 RECREATIONAL COMPUTING MAY ·JUN 1979 49 - . . = = • • Philosophically. the concept of a meta Oz, and other ideas. The objective is a Copies of the programs and Firstworld if ). - - J;. game offers several advantages beyond treasure reachable with a simply con are available from the author for exper ...." .'"" . merely fitting a large problem into a nected route; success requires exit from inlentation. After further checkout, they I ... " I small machine. Most important to the the domain, and another simply will be released more generally. To get author, a level of computer involvement connected route will get you out. a copy, please send your address, return intennediate between playing a game and postage and a suitable cassette to: 2600 writing one is now available. TIle gap The complete game can be played by one Colby Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90064 . between the inventor of a self-designed who knows the domain in about five A New Class Finally, a third level of play is available game and its player is immense. To use minutes; without a map, it may take a game to involve a non-programmer in 20 minutes. Because of the author's but not implemented. TIle possibility of predisposition, no member of the party a meta-game for war is currently under HU ,. ever dies (or exits the game), and even investigation. With luck, we may have all of Game random play will eventually succeed . of Doc Smith (to say nothing of Star Hunt itself has been human-engineered; Trek or Star Wars) running on a home Huntwriter is still relatively primitive. computer of modest scale. Devising a new context is probably an effort left to the most experienced programmers, but BY MICHAEL RICHTER among them it orfers a significant chal· lenge. (Note that at that level , the distinc Why IlOt a game where you define the That definition is supported by an (Hunt) which may have a virtually infi tion between a meta-game and a simula game? 17,at ;s the question Michael interactive program with substantial free nite variety of domains (specific games) tion language is very slight - or non proposed to Ilimsel[ alld implemmied dom. l.n Hunt, the context is established at the discretion of the game's author. existent!) for the PET. You don't hO)le 10 know by the game-playing program and its And that authorship does not require how to program. You don't halle to associated interactive Huntwriter. The knowledge of any computer language ha)le a totally clear idea of the game you context is that of a search for a defined or adherence to the fonnalisms of pro wish to play. You can in)lellt a )lenion, objective. The objective, the names gramming (although it does disco)ler flaws, correcl, impro)le, re and natures of the searchers, the names clear thOUght!). il/)lent: do all the interesting parts of the and effects of the antagonists, and the process and leave the programming properties of the space in which the behil/d. - RZ hunt is conducted are all defmed in the data tables. software is a painful process; but with a The use of games to exercise and occupy meta·game, there is an intermediate step computers is virtually as old as comput· that applies both logic and imagination, ing itself. Most such computer games without demanding adherence to program are variants of conventional games. ming formalisms . Frequently, the principal difference is that the computer provides the opponent, Each domain is a separate game. Since The parent and child can participate on so that a two·player game may be played the domain is embodied in the data files both levels, challenging one another in alone. read in from tape, a sequence of domains a variety of ways. The potentials in may be used to carry the player through education are also exciting: a class can The question may be asked: is there a a universe far more complex than could be challenged to devise a game modeling meaningful class of computer game which be handled in a conventional game on a the situation in a book. Each result can has no conventional analogue? With personal computer. Thus, a PET with be played by all to evaluate fidelity to Hunt , a prototype of such a concept is only 8K of RAM can carry you, Frodo, the book (or to history) and to assess now available for the Commodore PET. It and his troop through all of Middle Earth, the excitement of play. Oregon Trail, is written in Microsoft BASIC, so should or trace the adventures of King Arthur's if a meta-game, would be equally applic be transferrable to other systems with court. able to space exploration and the little difficulty. Norman conquest! What makes this possible is that the terri The concept underlying Hunt is that of tory of the Hunt is defined within the The present status of Hunt and Hunt a table-driven game. On the simplest tables. The map of the domain is the set writer is that they are operational and level, the game is played with a set of of regions it contains (a maximum of 16) several copies are in the field. One dom'in:t/, data tables in the style of Quest, Dun· and their connectivity. That connectivity has been devised, called Firstworld, geons and Dragons, Adventure, or any of may be made sinlple and reciprocal (from others may be available soon. Firstworld a wide variety of both board and com the cavern to the pit one goes South, is a confusion of Quest, Middle Earth, puter games. On the next level, that of a from the pit to the cavern, North), simple meta-game (in the sense of metaphysics but not reCiprocal (going North takes the or metanlathematics), there is no conven· troop to another place), or non-determin tional equivalent. Here, the player is istic (exit from the cyclone is to a ran defming the rules of the game, not dom region). The simpler the connec merely playing it. tivity, the more trivial the game. 50 RECREATIONAL COMPUTING MAY·JUN 1979 61 -- PET hardware and cassette software. The sound generators, speech encoders and printing is poor, literally illegible on page transfonners, and a variety of printers. after page. Commodore expects people to Marv Vanderkooi, club president, demon· pay $ I 5 a year for this. Apparently, if strated his PET·to·R2D2 radio con you don't, you get no future mailings. trolled interface, whereby you control Someone should show the editors the robot from the PET keyboard, and Contact, which is Apple's (free) news can later edit and play back the com· letter to all owners. Save your money, mands from tape. NUmerous software or better yet, send it to Commodore packages are tried out, giving people a Business Machines, Umited, 3370 Pharo chance to evaluate before investing • macy Avenue, Agincourt, Ontario, money on programs. The club is quite Canada MIW2K4, for a decent publi· strict about copying commercial soft cation! ware, and members police things well ever since a few stem lectures a while Commodore has relocated to a new, all· back. Each month there are new wonders solar·powered building, at 3330 Scott, on display, and more programs in the Santa Clara, CA 95050. May the sun library. Write and teU me what your local shine in ! club is like. MIDPENINSULA USERS' GROUP Children/Hospital Games tape, on letter head, to get a copy. (Write PET Gazette, On the fint Wednesday of the month, at 1929 Northport Dr., Room 6, Madison, 7 p.m. in the cafeteria of Ford-Aerospace WI 53704.) Then take your PET to the Corp., 3939 Fabian Way, Palo Alto, CA, hospital and get involved. (Yes, you can the Midpeninsula PET Users' Group holds copy the programs for your own use, faster (ever watch an Apple scroll?) due forth. The meetings are open to all. but first let the paUents play!) to a nice hardware change, which pre There, in the atmosphere of an electronic vents programs that POKE the screen oriental bazaar, gather neophytes and Cursor Magazine from getting glitches of snow. The experts, shoppers and vendors. Lately, phosphor is green instead of white, a there have been about 150·200 people CUrsor Magazine, published by Ron • HEARD AROUND THE QUAYSIDE change J don't appreciate. The known and 40 PETs in attendance. Jeffries, P.O. Box: 550, Goleta, CA bugs in BASIC have been fixed ... Cer 93017 continues to be the best buy Have you heard there are now two more tainly others lurk, but I hope none as You can take a look at disk systems, around. I was pretty skeptical when I models of the PET? Commodore is catastrophic as the former limitation of such as the Computhink, Commodore'S, first heard about it. How does this guy producing 16· and 32K PETs which have 256 elements to an array. or the Nestar Cluster/One, which was manage to collect such a nice variety of the old, smrul keyboard, and built-in simultaneously connected to 15 PETs at high·quality programs every month? I cassette. (There is no cassette in the full· Read the fine print in the deSCription of still don't really know, but every month size keyboard models.) Cruled the PET the Commodore single ·disk drive care· REVIEWS seems to bring still better and better 2001·16 and 2001·32, they cost the fully. It turns out not to be a single·disk programs . BY HARRY SAAL same as their sister models, $995 and version of the dual·disk system, but There are no software reviews this time. $1195, respectively. They don't appear rather a cut·down system, with limited I will be happy to do them in the future, CUnor is distributed on cassette tape, Commodore s PET is a factory-assembled to be described in any of Commodore's fUllct ion ("a fast cassette drive"). It does but only if we get a copy of a program to with a one·page infonnation sheet. The personal computer based on a 6502 literature, and it is not clear if they are not plug into the IEEE connector, but try out. Recreatiolwi Computing gets first program is always the "cover," microprocessor. n,e original PET, model available from deruers nationwide, but onto the new memory expansion port. lots of announcements of software, but a highly entertaining visual (or musical), 2001 -8, is a $795 system that includes a I've seen them for sale here in Silicon That means it is not compatible with the it is impossible to judge quality and which stops when you push the space keyboard, cassette tape unit, built-in TV Valley. Anyone sense that the previously "old" 4- and 8K PETs. Don't hold your novelty without those tapes! bar, to reveal the table of contents. Tapes screen, some graphics, upper and lower announced models might be later than breath too long for this product to be usually have programs ill addition to the case, extended 8K BASIC, and 8K of promised? shipped. All the effort has gone into PET Cassette Exchange cover, and they range from games to user memory. making the dual·disk version, and the things like text editors, nash card gen· I did spend some time trying the new single·disk model is not very far along in Len Lindsay continues the fine job that erators, project estimation, etc. ROil SPOT is devoted to the host of applica· models at a recent show; some of the design at this writing. he has done in producing the PET Ga· has a love of tools and includes useful tions-routine and wi/d->which PET changes I like, others not so much. The zette, his free and infomlative newsletter, routines to handle INPUT without blow users "aile found for their machines, as keyboard is nice, ruthough it certainly Words fail me in describing Commodore's by coming up with the PET Cassette Ex 'ing up, packing and unpacking spaces well as to the nitty-gritty of repairs and doesn't have the "feel" of high.quality Pet User's Qub Newsletter, Volume 1, change. He has put together a tape with 6 from BASIC progranls (to save space, and modifications. In other words, almost temlinal keyboards. The machine Issue 1. As happens with most Commodore entertaining games (Blackjack, Snake, in the reverse direction, make them read· anything relating to the PET is fit language monitor is in ROM, and even has mailings, few people I've talked to have Stars, Tommy Termite, Chase and Hang· able again). material for this column. Just send Harry a hook for extending it with new actually received a copy. But nothing is a recent meeting while loaded with man) and ofTers free copies to any hospi. your questions and ideas c/o pcc. He'll commands. lust about everything has lost . It is bad, with no new infomlation hundreds of programs from the free user tru that requests it, to help .cheer up The latest issue at this time is CUrsor #7, gille each of them his careful attention. been moved, so memory map makers, of significance technically. This initial library. Two different models of key· lonely patients. Have your local hospital's February 1979. I plan to make a review -LB get ready. The screen writing is much issue concentrates on descriptions of new board were there, along with light peru volunteer services director request the of CUrsor a regular feature of SPOT as 52 R ECREATIONA L COMPUTING MAY·JUN 1979 53 a challenge to Ron to keep up the good 32 BASIC Programs for the CASCADES------work. February's cover is a kaleidos· PET Computer Mind your copic pattem, and is pretty similar to 100 REM CASCADES others I've seen before. Pretty, but not This recent book, by Tom Rugg and 110 REM COPYRIGHT 1979, HARRY .J. SAAL very new. The Pricer program is useful Phil Feldman, is published by Dilithium 120 REM PERMISSI ON GRANTED FOR NON-COMMERCIAL USE own for anyone preparing bids on almost Press, which describes it as "an absolute 130 WALL=160: BALL=81! BOX=102: MAX=lOO any kind of job. You enter DATA state· must for the PET owner." Well, it isn't. 140 LNG= 6: DIH DRP' LNG) business ments which reflect wage rates. The pro Some of the programs might be useful, 150 SC=32768:PRINT-CClEAR)- gram then prompts you for information or enjoyable, but unless you see some· 160 REM MAKE THE WALLS thing in it that you really need, you about the job to be done, how long it 170 FOR 1=0 TO 24 . won't get much from the book. The pro- -and have will take, how many hours or months 180 POKE SC+U40,WALL each person is putting in, overhead costs , grams don't exhibit any hint of expert 190 POKE 5C+I*40+39,WALL any direct costs, etc. and then gives a programming style. My favorite is the fun too. detailed table of costs and profits. beginning of Vocab, which reads ... 2(10 NEXT I 210 FOR 1=0 TO 39 We show you how, every month, in 220 POKE SC+24*40+I,WALL:NEXT I a manner anyone can understand - Sound! is my favorite on this month's 300 GOSUB 1000 no maHer what your business is. tape. It is a library of sound effects, 400 GOSUB 2000 230 REM MAKE THE BARRIERS PETABLE, a workbook for PET And, we include fun ways 10 im· about 20 of them, ranging from French 500 GOSUB 3000 240 FOR 1=1 TO MAX prove your golf game, play chess, police cars to flying saucers, and every· 250 P=5CtINH lO(l O*RND( 1)} 600 GOSUB 4000 This sloppily done discussion of the PET even make Ihe perfeclmartini. Let thing in between. Great job! Mind is a 260 FOR ,1=0 TO 3 700 GOSUB 5000 hails from Richard Mansfield , P.O. Box Personal Computing show you how version of the board game Mastermind, 270 IF PEEK(P+J)=32 THEN POKE P+J,BOX 900 IF E=O THEN 500. 461, Philipsburg, PA 16866. For $4.95 10 make a computer your partner and much better done than any previous in your business, office, home or you get 40 pages of some of the worst 280 NEXT J, I PET version I've seen. Not that new, but school. English I've read in years (typed in about 290 FOR 1=1 TO 3S:POKE SC+I,32:NEXT I:REM HAKE A HOLE it definitely replaces myoid copy. 300 REM [IROP A NEW DRIP Fball (Football) is also similar to other the same quality), giving a rambling ------Pleue Slarl my subcriplion 10 look at some BASIC for the PET. Save 310 5=5C+20: D=4() :CLNG = LNG games I've seen, but with good. gra~hics, PERSONAL COM PUTING 320 FOR 1=1 TO CU'G:DRP(l)~O:NEXT I your money ... At the end, there is an Name ______a real time clock, complete With tunes· 330 DRP( CLNG )=5 out and a good competitive interaction ad which says "If you have enjoyed 340 IF PEEK( S )<>32 THEN 660 Addreu ______with the PET, your opponent. Much PETABLE , you will love Program , our 350 REM DRAW HEAD AND TRY TO MOVE better than other Footballs I've seen. monthly magazine on cassette." What Cily ______do I put for an ElSE after the IF? 360 POKE 5 f BALL Last on the tape is Paper, a cute "wall Slate Zip ______paper" designer. Watch the screen for a 370 REM TRY DOWN FIRST good gag at the end. CASCADES 380 IF PEEK( 5HO )=32 THEI-i D=40: GOTO S1U Charge my: 0 Master Charge 0 Vis.a 390 NS=Strn REM NEW POSITION The next page contains a program I wrote Account,. ______Is it worth it? Cursor now costs $36 a 400 IF PEEI( NS )=32 THEN S1U that is fun to watch. I think it makes Card Expir.llion Date ______410 REM If WE ARE GOING SWEWAY5, GlI,.lE UP year, i.e. $3 a month. 1 think it is an good use of the PET graphics, and illus· 420 IF D(>40 THEN 600 o 13m me incredible bargain. I've never had trouble trates a number of techniques you should o Ched; enclosed (you'll receive one loading a tape, thanks to Ron's very own pick up. As things move around on the 430 REH CANT MOVE, CHECK LEFT AIW RIGHT eXira issue (or each year!) high_speed duplication machine which he screen, it PEEKs into the screen buffer 440 R=32=PEEK( Stl): L=32=PEEI( 5-1 ) Please allow two months (or p,ocelSlng. keeps in good shape. 1 am tempted to go to see what's there, rather than keeping a 450 REM IF CAN GO 80TH WAYS, RAIWOMLY CHOOSE o I year ( 12 iuues) SI4 back and teU you about the first six issues, large separate array of auxiliary informa· 460 IF RAND L THEN D=1t2*(RND( 1 )<'5):GOTO 510 o 2 years (24 is~ues) $26 but instead suggest you buy back copies tion. Line 440 is funny to look at, until 470 IF R THEt~ 0=1 tGOTO 5lU o 3 years (36 issues) S38 for youl'iClf. you realize that Rand L are logical 480 IF L THEN 0=-1:GOTO 510 OR CALL OUR TOLL-FREE NUMBER This program and all the others are es quantities, TRUE or FALSE (internally 490 GOTO 600: REH STUCK. SPLIT OFF THE HEAD AND TRY AGAIN 800-325-6400 sentially devoid of comments, except for - lor 0), that are used in the lines that 500 REM HERE WE HOVE BY D (MISSOURI RESIDENTS CALL the title and copyright notice. Fear not. follow. 510 TL=DRP(l}! REM FIRST GET THE TAIL 800-J42-(600) Who'd rip this stuff off? It is a shame the 520 IF TLC'(J THEN POKE TL,32: REM BLANK TAIL FREE TRIAL OFFER programs are not worthier, for the overall What you should do with a program like 530 REM ADVANCE ALL PARTS If for any reason you want to can· format of the book is quite laudable. this is change it. Try it a few times, and 540 FOR 1=2 TO CLNG cel your subscription, sim ply write Each program is written up with a section then make up your own idea of what it 550 nRP( 1-1 )=DRP( I) "cancel" over the invoice and relurn on program purpose, instructions, a should do. Play with some of the param to us. You get the same offer if you eters. Try bigger and smaller values for 560 NEXT I sample run, suggestions for change, an 570 DRP( CLNG )=5 prepay; we'lI refund your money overview of line numbers and what they LNG on line 140, or MAX on line 130, after the first issue. do, and the variables used and their for example. Set BOX=96 in line 130 580 S=5+0! ORP(CLNG)=S MAIL TO: meaning, along with a set of suggested and watch what happens. Make the boxes tZ& ~~AOw~6&RE STUCK. TRY THE NEXT ONE IN projects. This is fine, but none of the go vertically instead of horizontally. And 610 IF CLNG(=2 THEN 310 especially, change the rules for what Personal programs contain inSlructions for their 620 CLNG=CLNG-l use in the programs. What did you do happens when the front of a drip gets Computing the last time you encountered a pro stuck, from 600 on. Make it break, go 630 S=DRP' CLNG I 1050 COMMONWEALTH AYE., gram like that? up, and so on. Have fun! IgO M8 J~4e:OGJ¥5N3m :R~RHTH~Nfo OgW~CREEN BOSTON, MA 0221 5 ~~8 ~5~ WE ARE FINISHED. START ALL OVER 54 RECREATIONAL COMPUTING MAY·JUN 1979 55 -- TALE OF TWO TREKS TRS-80TRON Ralph McEJory says that lhe problem has Startrek -80 CLOAD Magazine Trek-78 been licked, and CLQAD will be back on Box 1267 schedule shortly. TRS·80, Level D, 16K Goleta, CA 93017 Farrell Enterprises S36/year, $3.50/issue P.O. Box 4392 CLOAD is written by a number of pro. Reviews Walnut Creek. CA 94596 ~ammers. There are six programs in this At the Computer Faire in Los Angeles $9.98 each. Issue of CLOAD: CLOAD Cover Instruc. last November, it was stated that more tions for Artillery. Artillery, Ohl~l 's Law, than 175,000 TRS-80 computers had Cat and Mouse, and Crushman. Clyde Farrell has a two· Trek offering been sold so far and that apprOximately that will bring your TRS-80 alive with 12,000 units were being manufactured The cover is visually interesting and an Enterprises, Klingons and Romulans. and sold by Radio Shack each month. example of what the "new media" is ~ikely ~o become. Artillery is slightly Startrek-BO is an enhanced version of this As a TRS·80, Level II - 16K owner l~terestlllg and sinlilar to fomleriy pub. classic simulation. There are short and I have purchased many publications t; lished games in Kilobaud. The main long-range se nsors, warp engines, photon find programs to run on my machine. difference is the graphics and the use of torpedoes, phasors, an experimental nlere certainly is no lack of material side remarks. Ohm's Law is a good CAl death ray, a self-destruct option, damage as a glance at the advertising sections of (Computer Assisted Instruction) program control, supernovas, a complete galactic hobby computer publications shows. for anyone just learning electronics. It is record and random events that cause or of minor interest if you are already profi. affect all of these items. As Clyde men. One major lack in these publications, cient. Cat and Mouse has some problems tions in his program statement, there are however, is reviews that tell the TRS-80 and is not one of the better games owner which programs are good, bad events that OCcur so infrequently it may C.LC!AD has published. Crushman is very take you weeks to discover them. or indifferent. Obviously, most ne~ SImilar to Hangman except there is an - computer owners can't purchase all Ihat excellent graphic representation of an The galaxy for the game is a set of 64 is offered. And there's nothing more android within a box. This android will quadrants each divided into 64 sectors. frustrating than discovering a cassette be crushed and buried if you make nine • The information on your "colltrol program-for which you paid anywhere errors in guessing a random word. nle .. screen" is well organized and enough is from $7.95 to $20-to be third-rate. words are fairly difficult, though you do < always visible so that the game can pro Or worse, a recopy of a program already have the choice of five levels of play. You gress rapidly. If you are a Trek collector owned but with a changed title. can also change the words or enter new this one is a must! ' data if you desire. The graphics are very CHINA TRADESMAN: TAIPAN I won't give away any more of the game. To take the first STep ill solving this pro. fast and many POKE statemcnts are used. Taipan TRS-80, Level II, 16K There are many surprises in the program Trek· 78 is an "animated" version of the blem for TRS·80 users, I am starting a This is an excellent program and well series of reviews. This first review deals Cybernautics that are best discovered by playing it. I game that utilizes the graphics of the worth the $3 .50 COS! of the cassette. Box 40132 mean, is it possible that U Yuen could TRS-80. The ships of the various parties with the TRS·80 cassette magazine It will assist beginning programmers in San Francisco, CA 94140 actually show up on the open sea and are drawn on Ihe screen: each one distinc CLOAD, issue #9, November 1978. I using the POKE statements to lisl fast $9.98 • chase away a band of pirates that are tive .. When a photon torpedo is fired, you will review more recelH issues of CLOAD graphics on the TRS·80. in future articles. attacking you? see It travel across space. The Romulans Tired of space wars? Hammurabi getting a The trade goods are: general cargo, anns, mo~e about and are hidden by a cloaking Reviewed by James F. Fouke bit old? Looking for a new thrill on your silk and opiwn. At the beginning, because Several adults have been at my home deVIce. TIley are invisible, until they ~LQAD is an excellent magazine, pub EI Granada, CA micro? Well, have we got a game for of your flllanciai state, you must trade when my children were playing the game. attempt to fire a phasor. Sometimes they hshed on cassette with a short newsletter you!! Taipan-a simulation of a seagoing mostly in the fir.;t two items. As you They would often ask what it was that are friends: sometimes not. They some. included. Most programs are listed twice Next time we ,":ill look Of CLOAD # 10, trader set in China in the middle 1800s. acquire money, you can move up to the seemed to have the children so engrossed. times fire on Klingons. in both level I and II, and can be loaded December 1978, plus other TRS-80 more costly goods. But, watch out!! As The ltids would usually be in the middle with 4K, though there are some out. material. CLOAD # 10 has lWo programs, The game is so intriguing that I played it your cargo gets more expensive, you of a hot debate over the merits of buying When phasors are being fired, each ship standing programs listed in Level 1I .16K a four-color map problem and a name. for over six hours when I first received a attract more pirates. Li Yuen, the chief silk or general cargo, for example. I know that is being hitlighls up with the "halo" w~ch are not listed for Level I. If a tape the·states dn'lI, that kids (and even copy. Vou start the simulation in the pirate, can be found in Hong Kong upon that there are two answers to that of the energy field. When you move to Will not load, CLOAD will send you all. teachers) would like. _ RZ 1 home port of Hong Kong. You arc in occasion. He may ask for a donation to question: I) It's a game, or 2) it's a a new quadrant, you watch as the Enter otller copy upon return of your defective debt; you have nothing in the bank. the temple. Refuse him at your own simulation of a historical scenario that prise builds up to warp speed and then cassette. peril teaches them about tradeoffs. I always COMPUTERS: A FfRST BOOK (Sounds real enough.) Vou do own a ship ! winks out of sight at the edge of the nle price of $3.50 (add 6% sales tax in use the second response because I know By Linda O'Brien I that is capable of carrying SO units of quadrant that is being left. Here again, California) for a single cassette-or $36 cargo. nlere is a warehouse in which you Once your ship is loaded, you set sail to that I) I'm tallting to an adult, and 2) Franklin Watts, 1978 an old favoritc is re·created in a new and for a one-year subscription-is probably one of several ports. There are storms, I know what their next response is. They exciting way. 68 pp., $4.90. can store excess goods. the lowest price going for a series of soft unspecified pirates and Li Yuen's pirates always ask how can that be possible! ware programs. Normally, there are five upon those treacherous waters. When you BOOK REPORT There is a sometimes friendly money Just a note concerning Clyde's tapes. programs in Level II and four in Level I. lender who is prone to giving Buddhistic arrive in port, the prices for the goods At that point, I say sit down and try it. I successfully load all of his tapes at a There is an animated "cover," which is lectures on debt paying. You can borrow you are carrying may be priced so low Four hours later ... but you know the I have just finished a book on computers volume selling of between six and seven. also a program. So the cost works out to mOlley from him to help get you going. that you are forced to sail again. Mean rest. by Lillda O'Brien. The book was called His tapes are ollly for a level II TRS.80 approximately 60 cents per program. Using the money, you are given the while, your debts back in Hong Kong are with 16K of memory. Compufers. The book tells about the opportunity to buy cargo for the ship. accruing interest at an a1amling rate. Reviewed by Ramon M. Zamora. history of the computers and how r::LOAD was experiencing some problems Reviewed by Ramon At. Zamora. computer.; are made. I didn't understand 56 AECAEATIONALCOMPUTING III duplicating their tapes. But publisher very much of il. I think it is too old for MAY·JUN t979 57 .. buy, read, or analyze a Tolkien book. I bit my knuckles alollg with everyone me. I am almost 9 years old. Some of it BY THE DRAGON & FRIENDS Tunnels and Trolls (T& T) THE WHITE DWARF (WD) In my generation, it's akin to saying you else when the orcs captured Merry and that I did understand, I liked. I liked the . Srarfaring Games Workshop never used Clearasil or watched "American Pippin. When they were running to keep part where it told how the computer FANTASY & SCIENCE FICTION One Dalling Ad. Bandstand." up with the orcs, I gently slid up to Bob • thinks. The computer solves a problem and whispered, "See, if they didn't have GAMES (and where to get 'em) Game Designers Workshop (GDW) Hammersmith, London W6 OJD by asJdng itself yes/no questions. There But, with reassurances that he would those big hairy feet, they could keep up." 203 North St. England was a diagram about movies. This is sort provide a running narrative as good as Archive Miniatures Normal,IL61761 of what it looked like. --3 Howard Cosell, Bob and I went to see At times, the voices did not match the 1111 S. Railroad Ave. THE WILD HUNT (TWH) ~.,~ot the movie. inlage I was seeing. This was especially o San Mateo, CA 94402 En Garde! Mark Swanson apparent with Galadriel. She had such a Traveller 71 Beacon St . Star Rovers (in preparation) Arlington, MA 02174 ~:.~ ) As soon as we entered the popcorn· beautiful voice and yet the homeliest • • aroma lobby, I had a deja·vu feeling and eyes I have ever seen. • Legacy Press could relate the experience to other R Fantasy Games Unlimited, Inc. (FGU) 217 Harmon Rd. WARGAMING ~1 times: going 'to a new school where every· By the time we got to the baule at Helms P. O. Box 182 Camden, MI49232 Fantasy Games Unlimited, Inc. ye·1 one knew the location of the balhroom Deep, I was hooked. I was on the edge Roslyn, NY 11576 P. O. Box 182 but you; singing dirty songs at Girl Scout of my seat as the battle started, cheering Legacy Roslyn, NY 11576 ~ camp and not knowing the words, but with tlle best of them. Especially for Chivalry and Sorcery (C&S) • A Thll llbovll Infoml#lrion Wo9$ fllk,ln from , _.~ n~o,--_ tr1 enit-"'- r . togo singing anyway. .. and so on. As we Strider (my Eastwood lookalike), hoping Bunnies and Burrows James E. Mathis A Flash Gordon & the Warriors of Mongo 2428 Ellsworth (# 102) thll Pff1f1lillf Inull of II gllUlt nllW FRP " with wove our way through the Tolkien he wouldn't die - fantasizing about how mllgazins, Different World5, pub/I,"-d Starships and Spacemen Berkeley, CA 94704 '" 1IlO1 aficionados in the lobby, 1 decided that I would revive him if he were other than by the CHAOSium. even if I didn't understand Ihe movie, it animated! I relaxed as the battle was G • would help to rely on my usual fortific· won. But then came that disturbing Gamescience Arduin Grimoire HOBBY STORES ations of ice cream bon-bons and Pepsi. I scene of my little friend, Frodo, sailing Lou Zocchi & Associates Welcome to Skull Tower o , had my first preview of what I had gotten towards that sinister City of Doom. And 7604 Newton Dr. Runes of Death Our first list of hobby stores wtlere Biloxi, MS 39532 ~ into when I had to ask Bob who the was it my imagination, or was that ring • you can see, touch and buy fantasy person on the poster was that looked like getting heavier? The movie ended so o Heritage Models, Inc . & science fiction games. a windblown Merlin. Bob patiently ex· suddenly, I felt incomplete. Knights of the Round Table 9840 Monroe Dr. (Bldg. 106) plained it was Gandalf the Wi zard who Space Patrol Dallas, TX 75220 The Compleat Strategist would help Frodo the Hobbit. Would Frodo live? Why was Gandalf Superhero 2044 11 East 33rd St. wearing white? What was in the City of N • Star Trek New York, NY 10016 The lights dimmed; I stuffed my cheeks Doom? The whole movie suddenly TSR Hobbies, Inc. (TSR) • I"tb1nk th." first t)art ,,!o\ttd be with ice cream and we were off! The seemed like a mirage in the desert of my P. O. Box 756 MAGAZINES CS&D lake Geneva, WI 53147 731 S. University Blvd. -"ill my lIIother 1 et. lIIe'· animation in the introduction was so mind. realistic I found it hard to believe they S ALARUMS AND EXCURSIONS (A&E) Denver, CO 80209 Dungeons and Dragons (0&0) Reviewed by Suzanne Hofland, age 9 were not using real people. Bob had done TIlTCading ollr way through the theatre Lee Gold Oak KnoU School, Menlo Park, CA his homework and provided me with lobby to leave, J had a sudden "ah·ha." Gamma World 3965 AHa Rd. Coulter Bennett, Ltd. instant answers to all of my instant Now I understood that Berkeley bumper Empire of the Petal Throne (EPT) Los Angeles, CA 90066 12158 Hamlin St. questions. Luckily, we went on an off sticker: "Frodo Lives!" M Metamorphosis Alpha (MA) North Hollywood, CA 91606 BRING IN THE ORCS! night when 30, rather than 300, loyal Star Probe THE DRAGON (TO) Star Empires Lord of the Rings: The Movie Hobbiters were in the theater with us. Reviewed by Susan Payette TSR Periodicals, Inc. Gamemasters Hobbies I appreciated that when I first saw the Mill Valley, CA P.O. Box 110 4627 Geary Blvd. Tyr Gamemakers• Ltd. Last issue we brought you three reviews Hobbits and had to ask, "Why do they o lake Geneva, WI 53147 San Francisco, CA 94118 P. O. Box414 of the movie "Lord of the Rings" have such big feet? Hairy feet? " Bob D-C>--O--O-O-O-o-o-o., Arlington, VA 22210 THE SPACE GAMER (TSG) each written by a serious student o[ the replied serenely, "Because they are Games People Play F\\OI>O LIVES Metagaming literary tn'logy. n,js time we present Hobbits." 1 soon learned that this pro· ~ ~ 1105 Massachusetts Ave. Space Ouest P. O. Box 15346 0 the reaction of a total Tolkien innocent. nouncement was sort of a ''what's-so'' K Cambridge, MA 02138 b-o-O--O--O--O-o-o--d Bushido SUSiUI Payette didn't know Gandalf from philosophy about Tolkien. I soon fell Austin, TX 78761 Collum when slle walked in the theater in love with Frodo (hairy feet and all), • lincoln Park Chess 'N Games Metagaming SORCERER'S APPRENTICE but, well, let her tell it. .. - LB though I had trouble understanding why 2526 N. lincoln Ave. Frodo was quivering about the ring. I E P. O. Box 15346 Flying Buffalo, Inc. Chicago, IL 60614 Austin, TX 78761 P. O. Box 1467 A friend of mine had a cat named Hobbit. figured thai if he put on the ring, all Scottsdale, AZ 85252 It was the ugliest cat I had ever seen; a would be well. It wasn't until he finally Nan's Toys & Games o. Monsters! Monsters! (MIMI) huge cat with large feet that had wild did put the ring on that 1 realized its 5015 Westheimer haiJ;; sticking out in every direction. significance. 0. THE JUDGES GUILD JOURNALlJGJ) Houston, TX 77056 The CHAOSium• Having never read the Tolkien books, I and THE DUNGEONEER P. O. Box 6302 never really appreciated that cat ... I didn't always understand what was Judges Guild Outpost Hobbies going on, but I did start stereotyping the Albany, CA 94706 1165 N. University 224 California Dr. My appreciation finally came as a result characters. I had Strider (Aragorn, son Decatur, IL 62526 Burlingame, CA 94010 o• of going to see Lord of the Rings with of Arathorn) as the Clint Eastwood of RuneOuest (RO) o my friend Bob. I had protested that I the bunch (and not bad at ~hat!) I was • <:J THE LORDS OF CHAOS (LOC) San Antonio Hobby Shop r!) probably wouldn't understand a thing glad to see that they included a Viking Flying Buffalo, Inc. Nicolai Shapero 2550 W. EI Camino lJ ~o,e\ about the movie. For I was one of those just for good measure, and of course a P. O. Box 1467 8885 Earhart Ave. Mountain View, CA 94040 .o~e ~'I few people who had managed never to Fairy (Legolas). L~~~~~Sc~o~n~';d;";';.A~Z;8;5~Z~5~2~~~~~~:W:';':t'~h~';'t~':'.:C:A::9:004::5::~~~~~~~~~~~~~O~g;. o~~ 58 RECREATIONAL COMPUTING MAY ·JUN 1979 69 -- po Editor /enables user to edit, independentlv with the new Cro· is planned 10 eeoompany papars, tionl, courses, club!, user groups, create, StOre and display HIRES memc:o software system, whkh panels, user group meetings, user public:etions, and trade Jour· forms!; Find Utility (.,.turnl cur provides an effkient, low· COIl workshOpS, and person-to·person nals. It enebles prospective pur. rent pOlition on screenl; Look alternative 10 traditional time· poster booths. FO( more informa chesers to compare COSlS and UtititV /looks at point on It,""n sharing. This new c::apability has tion, contact Maxine D. Brown, features of computers as Mil 81 end determines if a point is been accomplished through a SIGGRAPH '79 Exposition, Jervices end support by Ioc:al plotted thereL The minimum memory·bank·IeIKt feature on Hewlett-Packard, 19400 Horne· vendo,",. The handbook will 1(111 implementation requirements ere Cromemco memory boards, high· stead Road,Cupanino, CA 95014. for $2 at partidpating computer 4K Apple II integer 8ASIC and performarlC:B disk drives, alld sof· stores. Available by mail from Jlandard HIRES 9raphics routines ware composed of a time·sharing North~ Computer Show. Sep· The Boston Computer SOC:iety, Hardware SoftLNare /IN IT, SHAPE, POSN, CLEAR). OPerating system and SASIC. tember 28·30. Hynel AuditO(i· 17 Chestnut Street, 80ston, MA HIRES Graphics Utility Set costs Multi·User BASIC is supplied as um, Prudential Center, 8oslon. 02108. $9.95 from the Soft One, 315 software only or as a combination For more information, lOB March· Apple Clock. Thi, calendar/clock used with Cluster/One-In any SAM 76/TRS·80. The SAM 76 cording to euthor William R. Dominion Drive, Newport News, hardwere/software package to up April RC or contl(:t: NonheBSt Flu Market. Computer hobbyists VA 23602. for the Apple II keeps time and oombination. It is a 10w-(:OSt language is now available for the Perks, an aniltant professor of grade a Cromemco Svstem Two Expotition$, 80x 678, Srookline in the New York City arEla gather date in 1rns incr1Iments for more altemative to traditional time· TRS-80 in addition to other information systams managemant or System Three to a two·user Village, MA 02147. (617) 522- the third Sunday of evary month than a year. Calendar, clock, and sharing systems-and makes real· 808O/ZS0 mac:hinl!$. The lan at SUNY, Buffalo, the audio na,· MICROMONQPOlY. You can JVnem. For additional informa· 4467. for their highly successful Com. evt!nl timer functions are easilv time applic::etions feasible. guage Is available on diskette or rations were Oeveloped during play MonQIJoIv on North Ster tion, conteet Cromemco, loc., pute. Flea Market. Computer Fin aec:eued from BASIC using rou c::assette and CO$II $15. For fi,",1 actual computer runs. The 8ASIC disk systems with this new pro. 280 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain is a Ihow of computer programs tines c::arried in on-board ROM. Ac::c::ording to its designers, Clus· clall U.S. mall 8dd $2; for over· tape 'n text course is divided into gram written in Nonh SlBr Re· View, CA 94043. {4151 964-7400. and computer equipment for lea1-8 4 BASIC. Two vel1ions a.,. Applicalions include program ter/One "is ideal fO( use in the seas air book rate edd $5. An up' three modulas: PrOflrllttlming in home and personal use. tn addl· ming a morning printout of c::ianroom, laboratory, or program dete of the SAM 76 language BASIC, Inrermadl/Jta BASIC, and BVailable: one for Solos/Cotter Other tion to exhibits by vendors, in· appointments, timing events, and development environment. In the manual Is also evailable fO( $15 Advanced BASIC, each consisting rating monitor end a non.Cutter ventors, and other entrepreneurs, crelting games in which elap$ed clauroom, a CluJlar/One JVstam plus apprOpriate postage. Send of four c_tte tapes with four version. PlealB specify machine eeeh Fin features several talkl time is important, It can be com leu everyone get down to work in orde,", to: SAM 76 Inc::., Box 257, printed texlI. In the fi'"'t pan it is type when ordering. Program Jells @nferences aimed 81 computer novkes. For bined with Mountain Hardware', a matter of seconds. Programs are RR1, Pennington, NJ 08534. ssumed that the student has no for $25. Micro SusineS$ SYl1ems, Yanh' Resources. A direc::tory of more Information, contact show IntrOI Remote Control System for 10Id&d a hundred times faster and (609) 488·1130. previOUS progr8l11mlng eXpBriena!. p.O. Sox 15995, Tampe, FL m;croc:omputer produc:ts end Ser\l' director Roben So:::hwartz al 375 real·time control end monitoring much more relillbly than from The entire course /lhree modules) 33684./8131885·4107. ic:es in New England is now Riverside Drive, New York, NY of remote device., As.sembled and tape caSlette. Students c::an be Audio BASIC. A BASIC program· sells for $58. Single modules West COIn Computer Fai,... Mav evaHable from the Boston Com 10025. (212) 663 ·5549 (evenings) testild, $199. Mounlain Herdwol'&, working on similar or identkal ming course consisting of 12 cas· are $19.95 a8(:h. Order from: Bridge Chillenger. With this pro· 11-13. San Frantisc::o Civic Audi· puter Society. The First N,1w or (212) 770·1333 /day,1. Inc., 300 Harvev WII11 Blvd., programs, or doing independent sette tapes coordinated with Williamsville Publ1. hing Company, gram you cen play four'PB,",on torium. For mora information, Eng/end Mit;roc:ompurer Rtlsoul'Ce Sarna Cruz, CA 95060. (408) work." printad tllln is now available Box 237, Williamsville, NY 14211. Contract Bridge against tha com· see Re, March·April 1979, or H/Jndbook contains Information 429·8600. from the Willi8l11sville Publishing puter. The progra-n, desigllfld for write: Computer Feire, Box 1579 on computers, peripherals, soft For more information, cont&et Company. This course allows Computer· Dial. A new progra-n 8K PETs, 16K Levell! TRS·so., Pelo Alto, CA 94302. (4 15) 851. ware, retailers, repair organiza· Vowel Power. Texas Instruments Nestar Synems, Inc., 430 Sher studenn to hear in-depth IlIpla· from Michigan's Software Ex· and 16K Apples, will deal hands 7075. has released Vowel Power, the man Ave., PalO Alto, CA 94306. nations of the material in the text change enables you to turn your It rendom or according to vour first in a series of plug·in modules /4151 327 ·0125. and to let their own pace. Ac· TRS·80 into a telephone dialer, criterion for high card points. DINO·CON. June 16·17. Dun· for the SpBak & Spell learning aid. using an Interface circuit built You can IBve hands on cessatte feY'1 Royal CO&Ch Inn, San Vowel Power expands the built-in with 54·wonh of pam from and reloed them for later play, es Meteo, CA. Movies, contests, NEW vocabulary of Speak & Spell. end Radio Shack. The zao Telephone well al review tricks, rotate hands o 8. 0, big dealetS row, computer ell S&S activities can be played Dialer Program is deJigned for the East·Wast, chuffle only the modulated gamas end spatial with it. The lICCompanying book TRS·80 Level I, 4K micro. Twen· defense hands, or replay hands guests from the worlds of SF· SHAPES contains a number of engaging ty phone numbs,", may be dialed when the c:ards are known. Bridge scienc::e and televilion. For in· vowel·sound games. Ac:c::ording to using the lette'"' 'A' through " Chellenger is available for $14.95 formetion: DINO·CON, 22195 Tl, the module offers a unique for acc::eu. The program is of from Pe,",onal Software, p.O. Box Redwood Road, Castro Vallav, by appro&eh to mBnering these partic::ular use to the handicapped 136, Cambridge, MA 02138. CA 94546./415) 538·3918. sounds by preJentlng 140 words and the elderly. The Z80 Tele· JulIUS divided into four cBtegories. phone Dialer Program il evaileble More Chacbrs. Officially called SIGPe 79. Th, fi,..t annuel con Through hearing, spelling, and on cassetta tape for $7.95 and 8080 ChKkers, thil program will fereoce on Reseereh and Develop Guest reading these pa"kular wonil, includes complete Inl1ructionl, run on any 8080/Zao CO!Tl9ute. ment in Pe,",onal ComPUting will SBYS TI, • child can become with interface circuil diBgl'am. wilh 12K RAM and a memory· be held August 8·10, 1919, in familiar with the patterns that Write: Software Ellchange, 2681 mlpplng display, e.g., the TRS· Chicago at the Hyatt Regenc::y NEW Is a of 110 Original and fasdnallng vowel sounds follow in English. Peterboro, W. 8100mfield, MI SO, SOL, VOM·l. 8080 Checke,", O'Hare. The conference is spon· computer-generated created by the author over an eight· Available for approximately $15 48033. can be set to plav at two levels sored by the Auoc:luion for Com· year period. The deSigns are satisfying art creations in themselves at retailers carrying Speak & SI>8II . of difficultV (four or lix moves puting Machinery /ACM) end its and may evoke the responses that their litles suggest. For funher information: Texas HIRES Grephics. This collection ahead). At level four, the pro· Spec:ial Interest Group on Per Instruments, ConRlmer Relations, of programs for the Apple II facil· gram responds in leu than four sonal Computing /SIGPC). As each art piece Is accompanied by a mathematical formulation P.O. Box 53, Lubboc:k, TX 79408. itates that computer's hiF resolu· seconds; at level six, it's usuaUv and program, the reader may thus creale his own "New Shapes" tion graphics capabilities. The leIS than 60. Tha software is SIGPC '79 will be held during and derive as much enjoyment hom Ihem as Ihe author obviously Cluster/One. With this new hard set includes: Softwa.,.·ControJled available on CUTS C8UBue tape Chicago Computer Visualization did himself. ' WIIre·software system, up to 15 Char8<:l8r Oispley 'allowing you and Nonh Ster diskette. Pri(:BS are Week /August 6·10, 1979) along to display lower case, APL, Rus· $19.50 and $24.50 from TCD In. The designs are reproduced in color (some in exciting solid microcomputors can use the same with the IEEE Pattern Recogni· reverse)on high quality art paper. programs and data files simulta· sian , Japanese, mathematical corporatad, P.O. 80x 58742, tion and Image PrOC:l!$ling Confer neously. Tha cantral unit, which notations or anv characte,", one Houston, TX 77058. enco (PR IP ·791 and the ACM/ Details: 174pp+vl, 28 cm (11" X lOW'). (At $1l.99 U.S. thaI's oontains disk drives and a control· dloosesl; Character Set Generator SIGGRAPH Conferenc::e on Com· only II cents per diagram!) Add $1.20 pack & post. ler, connKts the individual com· and Editor /allows ulBr to define Multi·UNr BASIC. There's nowa puter Graphics and Inter8<:tive Order direct from the publisher R.A. Vowels, 93 Park Drlue, putars via a high-speed parallal and edit cheracter sets, even multi,ulIBr capability for Crg.. TechniQ!.Jes /SIGGRAPH '791. A Parkville 3052. Australia. Personal checks accepled (in your data bus. PET, Apple II , and invent e new languagel; Shape memco computers. Up to seven Fifteen compute,"" e8(:h doing il$ own thing, can be connected to a large trade M10W of personal Cl.Immcy), or bank Draft Check In Aust. currency. TRS·80 compute'"' can all be (:Bntral disk file via Ihe Cluster /One 'Vs19m. Vector Table Assembler end use,", can run BASIC programs computer and graphics equipment 60 RECREATIONAL COMPUTING MAY·JUN 1979 61 The1lr ~ PT2: APPLE SCAN SIMULATION Programmer's Here il !ill short Applesoft II progrem that simulate. I high· resolution PPI SCiIO. Thil capability may be u10IIfui in various ToolboJlTM games. However, the addition of appropriate blips end bleeps 10 the di splay Is left 8$ en exercise for the reader, since thil will StarWeb depend on the specific application . 100 REM *** PP J SCAN SIMULATION m"d: 11 0 RE~I 120 PI .. 3 . 14159 , R>= 95 I HCOLOR - 3 DO HCR2 : REM DRAW A CIRCLE 140 FOR A .. 0 TO 2*Pl STEP . 02 150 HPLOT 140+R*SIN(A), 95+R":COS(A) 160 NEXT A , R = 94 1 START SCAN BY EVERYBODY RE~\ 170 FOR B - 0 TO · 2*Pl STEP -.05 In Vol. 1, No. 3 of PC, 1973, Marc LeBrun began a column 180 FOR I - 3 TO 0 STEP . ) that provided users with small, compact routines that could 190 HCOLDR .. I become part of the user's "toolbox" of computer skills. ZOO HPLOT 140 ,95 TO 140+R*SIN(B) . 95+R*COS(B ) 210 NEXT [' 8 With this issue, we are reviving that column. We solicit material 220 GOTO 170 for this column from all of you. In the future, we will begin to rewrite each subroutine, stan BYJIMDAV dardizing variable names and trying to make the routines reasonably independent of your main program modules. - RZ PT1: WARP DRIVE How about a routine that givllS your TRS·80 Star Trek program a view.through ·the·po" during warp operations? It can be uted What To Do in other programs as well by calling it with III GOSU8. Just be sure not to lose data from the main program. m.""·"",,, . hIdden moverr-nt. plaV by After You Hit nrategic space game. caprure planets build space ao0 GRAPHI C " I-IAPP I>I'IIV,," OI<;PI flY fleeu collecc ancient artifacts. negotiate w'Ch otrn- ,livers 8 10 ••• BY HILAN tl CHEP1 a~______I~ 1263 El Camino Real, Box E. Menlo Park, Ca94025 STATE ______ZIP ____ BY MILAN D. CHEPKO 62 RECREATIONAL COMPUTING 0 . BYE, exits the Apple II Micro·PILOT interpreter and returns ~ou to Applesoft BASIC. If you don't do anything else to the Apple II Mi cro-PILOT Features " rnterpreter program It this point, you can return to PILOT via 'f\