Black Watershed WRIA 23

Chapter Includes:

Beaver Creek Black River Deep Lake Salmon Creek

Beaver Creek #667

PART OF BLACK RIVER including Scott and Deep Lakes. It has WATERSHED extensive wetlands associated with it.

LENGTH OF RIVER: 11.4 miles GENERAL WATER QUALITY:

BASIN SIZE: 21 square miles Good – Part II of the fecal coliform standard was not met at the Littlerock Rd. site for both STREAM ORDER: 3 water years 2003-04 and 2004-05. Low dissolved oxygen levels occur occasionally at PRIMARY LAND USES: the upstream Case Road site due to low stream gradient and flow. Light industrial and commercial in the Maytown and Littlerock communities, and OTHER DATA: agriculture and rural residential Thurston County Department of Water and FISHERIES RESOURCES: (From A Waste Management, (360) 357-2491 or Catalog of Washington Steams and Salmon www.co.thurston.wa.us/monitoring Utilization, WDOF) Thurston County Environmental Health Coho Division, (360) 754-4111 or www.geodata.org/swater GENERAL TOPOGRAPHY: Beaver Creek is a tributary to the Black River and drains the east side of the river basin,

Beaver Creek #667

Beaver Creek @ Littlerock Rd The water quality standard for fecal Part I of Fecal Coliform Standard 100000 coliform bacteria has two parts: Part I - the geometric mean shall not exceed 100 10000 Part I - Mean less than 100 cfu/100 mL colony forming units per 100 milliliters of 1000 sample and, Part II - no more than ten 100 percent of the samples shall exceed 200

10 cfu/100 mL.

1 93 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 FC Range & Geometric Mean (cfu/100mL) Water Year (October - September) Data was not collected in water year 1993 - 94. Part II of Fecal Coliform Standard 100

The creek met both parts of the fecal 80 coliform standard at the Littlerock Part II - no more than 10% of samples over 200 cfu/100 mL 60 Road site between 2000 and 2003. But in the 2003/04 and 2004/05 water 40 years, it failed part II of the standard. 20 Percent of Samples >200 cfu/100 mL 0 93 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 Water Year (October - September)

Dissolved Oxygen Levels by Year 15 The water quality standard for 14 dissolved oxygen is a lowest one-day 13 minimum of 8 mg/L. There have been 12 11 no recorded violation of the dissolved 10 oxygen standard at the Littlerock Road 9 site, but low dissolved oxygen has been

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) 8 measured farther upstream at Case 7 Water Quality Standard - greater than 8 mg/L 6 Road. 93 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 Water Year (October - September)

pH Levels by Year 9 Water Quality Standard - between 6.5 and 8.5 The standard for pH requires the pH 8.5 to be within the range of 6.5 to 8.5. 8 There have been three violations 7.5 measured in the period of record pH since 1993. 7

6.5

6 93 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 Water Year (October - September)

12 Beaver Creek #667

Beaver Creek was monitored at two locations as part of the ambient monitoring program, Littlerock Road Bridge (formerly Hwy 121 Bridge) and Case Road Bridge. The Littlerock Road site is the downstream-most location before the creek discharges to the Black River. The Case Road site was an upstream site used for comparison. Monitoring at the Case Road site was discontinued in 2005.

A Washington Department of Ecology study on the Black River and Beaver Creek identified a large dairy operation, located downstream of Case Road, as a major contributor of bacteria and nutrients to the creek. In the late 1990’s the dairy owner implemented many changes in the farm’s operation to mitigate the pollution load to the creek. Those efforts substantially reduced the bacteria levels in the creek and water quality improved. However in the last two water years, 2003/04 and 2004/05, part II of the standard was violated again after 4 years of meeting the standard. It is likely that livestock access issues upstream are contributing to the recent bacteria increase seen. Thurston County is addressing unrestricted livestock practices at one site.

Major Issues:

# Livestock access practices may be contributing to pollution.

# Development pressures are continuing to increase in the area.

Funding Sources:

# Thurston County

13 ______Beaver Creek#667 Water Quality Summary Conventional Parameters Beaver Creek at Littlerock Road (formerly Hwy 121)

Water Year Data: Cumulative Data: 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 1992-2003 Parameter Units WQ Standard WAC 173-201A # samples Water Mean Range violating Mean Range Year standard Highest 7-DAD 03/04 5.88 – 17.8 Temperature EC 2.90 - 18.25 Max of 17.5EC 04/05 3.46 – 16.78 Dissolved Lowest one-day 03/04 9.29 – 12.16 0 of 9 mg/L 8.53 - 14.4 Oxygen minimum of 8.0 04/05 9.86 – 13.1 0 of 12 03/04 93 70 - 118 Conductivity Fmhos/cm 85 43 - 160

14 04/05 91 70 – 121 03/04 7.3* 6.8 - 7.5 0 of 9 pH 6.5 - 8.5 6.3 - 7.8 04/05 7.1* 6.2 - 7.8 1 of 12 not to exceed 5

Turbidity NTU NTU over 03/04 1.9 0.7 – 2.6 0 of 9 2.98 1 - 10.0 background 04/05 2.23 0.9 – 4.2 0 of 12 % exceeding GMV: <100 colonies/ 03/04 12** 0 - 245 200 Fecal Coliform and < 10% not 115** 0 – 26000 100 ml 04/05 64** 10 - 800 11% to exceed 200 25% Total 03/04 0.041 0.029 - 0.07 mg/L 0.07 0.03 - 0.43 Phosphorus 04/05 0.045 0.022 - 0.089 Nitrate + Nitrite- 03/04 0.7 0.327 – 0.996 mg/L 0.944 0.369 – 2.61 nitrogen 04/05 0.846 0.389 – 2.06 Ammonia mg/L 0.078 <0.010 - 0.407 * Median ** Geometric mean value (GMV) ______

Water Quality Summary Conventional Parameters Beaver Creek at Case Road

Cumulative Data: Water Year Data: 1996-2003 Parameter Units WQ Standard 2003/2004 WAC 173-201A Water # samples violating Mean Range Mean Range Year standard Highest 7-DAD Temperature EC 03/04 5.63 – 17.49 3.26 - 17.59 Max of 17.5EC Dissolved Lowest one-day mg/L 03/04 7.08 – 11.5 1 of 9 5.88 - 12.4 Oxygen minimum of 8.0

15 Conductivity Fmhos/cm 03/04 105 63 – 168 93 41 – 181 pH 6.5 - 8.5 03/04 6.9* 6.7 - 7.2 0 of 9 6.4 - 7.6 not to exceed 5 Turbidity NTU NTU over 03/04 2.0 1.1 – 3.3 0 of 9 2.4 0.9 - 6.4 background GMV: <100 and % exceeding colonies/ Fecal Coliform < 10% not to 03/04 40** 10 - 245 200 26** 0 – 510 100 ml exceed 200 11% Total mg/L 03/04 0.028 0.014 - 0.051 0.03 0.009 - 0.18

Phosphorus Beaver Creek#667 Nitrate + mg/L 03/04 0.328 0.176 - 0.519 0.356 0.081 – 1.48 Nitrite-nitrogen Ammonia mg/L 0.020 <0.010 - 0.045 * Median ** Geometric mean value (GMV) Thurston County Water Resources Monitoring Report 2003 - 2004 Beaver Creek @ Littlerock Road ______Beaver Creek#667 Date Time Temp pH DO Cond @25c FC Turb Flow TP NOx COMMENTS C mg/L umhos/cm cfu/100mL NTU cfs mg/L mg/L

12/17/2003 1:10:00 PM 5.88 6.8 11.82 70 02.2 0.0340.668 FC <5. Too fast and deep to measure flow

1/20/2004 1:45:00 PM 7.17 7.0 11.41 74 02.5 0.0290.690 FC <5. Too fast and deep to do flow

2/18/2004 11:00:00 AM 6.61 6.9 11.56 71 101.8 0.0360.672 Too fast and deep to wade.

3/16/2004 10:20:00 AM 9.06 7.2 12.16 89 51.9 38.8 0.032 0.832

4/20/2004 1:20:00 PM 10.92 7.5 11.62 93 501.6 31.6 0.038 0.754

5/17/2004 2:20:00 PM 14.82 7.4 10.62 106 02.5 13.3 0.0410.996 F.C. result is <5

7/14/2004 1:40:00 PM 17.80 7.3 9.69 111 1150.7 3.7 0.050 0.741 16

8/25/2004 1:45:00 PM 17.31 7.2 9.29 103 2452.6 11.0 0.070 0.327

9/21/2004 11:30:00 AM 12.24 7.4 11.38 118 501.4 10.1 0.036 0.622 Thurston County Water Resources Monitoring Report 2003 - 2004 Beaver Creek @ Case Road ______

Date Time Temp pH DO Cond @25c FC Turb Flow TP NOx COMMENTS C mg/L umhos/cm cfu/100mL NTU cfs mg/L mg/L

12/17/2003 1:30:00 PM 5.63 6.8 10.98 63 103.3 0.0160.519 Too deep & too fast to measure flow.

1/20/2004 2:10:00 PM 7.10 6.7 11.50 67 201.8 39.3 0.014 0.450

2/18/2004 10:30:00 AM 6.19 6.9 10.60 63 301.3 0.0170.390 Too deep to wade

3/16/2004 9:45:00 AM 8.65 7.2 10.55 82 502.3 17.2 0.021 0.290

4/20/2004 1:50:00 PM 10.62 7.2 89 153.2 11.0 0.0290.238 Dissolved Oxygen field recording error

5/17/2004 3:00:00 PM 14.20 7.0 9.56 115 751.7 3.4 0.0350.277 DO-93%saturation

7/14/2004 2:20:00 PM 17.49 7.2 9.87 155 201.1 1.4 0.037 0.259 17

8/25/2004 2:15:00 PM 16.10 6.7 7.08 168 2451.8 4.7 0.051 0.352

9/21/2004 11:10:00 AM 11.45 7.2 8.40 145 1051.3 2.7 0.031 0.176 Beaver Creek#667 Thurston County Water Resources Monitoring Report 2004 - 2005 Beaver Creek @ Littlerock Road ______Beaver Creek#667 Date Time Temp pH DO Cond @25c FC Turb Flow TP NOx COMMENTS C mg/L umhos/cm cfu/100mL NTU cfs mg/L mg/L

10/20/2004 1:30:00 PM 11.64 6.7 10.09 93 403.5 30.6 0.0660.412 Salmon in creek.

11/10/2004 12:05:00 PM 9.22 6.7 11.41 96 101.9 28.0 0.038 0.736

12/15/2004 10:45:00 AM 7.49 6.2 11.20 71 154.2 0.0430.634 Too fast & deep to wade.

1/13/2005 10:30:00 AM 3.80 6.5 11.76 81 152.3 57.9 0.033 0.655

2/16/2005 9:30:00 AM 3.46 7.1 13.14 90 251.6 36.6 0.022 0.851

3/15/2005 1:15:00 PM 10.19 7.4 11.54 102 651.6 17.2 0.0300.936 Sunny.

4/12/2005 2:45:00 PM 8.51 7.1 11.47 76 702.2 78.1 0.032 0.495 18

5/10/2005 1:45:00 PM 13.05 7.1 10.22 80 8004.2 69.2 0.0890.389 Overcast, 60 degrees.

6/7/2005 2:15:00 PM 14.11 7.4 10.42 100 1401.9 25.6 0.049 0.735

7/13/2005 12:15:00 PM 16.00 7.5 9.86 113 451.4 13.4 0.051 0.972

8/8/2005 12:45:00 PM 16.78 7.8 10.19 121 2200.9 4.8 0.0521.280 Turb standard recall of lot used to cal YSI on this date. Results could be up to 8% lower than the true turb value.

9/28/2005 1:45:00 PM 11.53 7.6 11.32 70 2651.0 2.6 0.0302.060 Turb standard recall of lot used to cal YSI on this date. Results could be up to 8% lower than the true turb value. Thurston County Water Resources Monitoring Report 2004 - 2005 Beaver Creek @ Case Road ______

Date Time Temp pH DO Cond @25c FC Turb Flow TP NOx COMMENTS C mg/L umhos/cm cfu/100mL NTU cfs mg/L mg/L

10/20/2004 1:50:00 PM 11.21 6.5 7.98 104 1302.5 7.9 0.041 0.123

11/10/2004 12:30:00 PM 8.82 6.5 9.29 98 51.3 6.4 0.026 0.210

12/15/2004 10:20:00 AM 7.28 6.2 10.23 63 252.5 0.0160.516 Too deep to do flow. 19 Beaver Creek#667 Black River #0649

PART OF CHEHALIS RIVER GENERAL TOPOGRAPHY: WATERSHED To the west of the river lies the Black Hills, LENGTH OF RIVER: 25 miles while the eastern side of the watershed is prairie. The river has a very low gradient and BASIN SIZE: 136 square miles an extensive wetland along most of its length.

STREAM ORDER: 4 GENERAL WATER QUALITY:

PRIMARY LAND USES: Good - Summer high temperatures occur, which are a natural condition. Mostly forest on the west and agriculture on the east, with some residential concentrations, OTHER DATA: including the towns of Littlerock and Rochester. Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Assessment Program FISHERIES RESOURCES: (From A (360) 407-6000. Catalog of Washington Steams and Salmon Utilization, WDOF) Thurston County Environmental Health Division (360) 754-4111 (water quality data for Coho, Chum, Chinook 1991-1993). www.geodata.org/swater

Thurston County Department of Water and Waste Management, Storm Water Utility (360) 357-2491 (flow data from 1992). www.co.thurston.wa.us/monitoring

20 Black River #0649

Black River @ Moon Rd Part I of Fecal Coliform Standard 100000 Data was not collected in water year 1994 and 1995. The water quality standard for fecal 10000 coliform bacteria has two parts: part I - the geometric mean shall not exceed 100 1000 Part I - Mean less than 100 cfu/100 mL. colony forming units per 100 milliliters of

100 sample and, part II - no more than 10 percent of the samples shall exceed 200 10 cfu/100 mL.

FC Range & Geometric Mean (cfu/100mL) 93 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 Water Year (October - September)

Part II of Fecal Coliform Standard 100 There have been no recorded 80 violations of part I or part II of the Part II - no more than 10% of samples over 200 cfu/100mL fecal coliform standard since 1997. 60 Part II of the standard was violated in

1993 and 1996. No data was 40 collected in 1994 and 1995. 20 Percent of Samples >200 cfu/100 mL 0 93 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 Water Year (October - September)

Dissolved Oxygen Levels by Year 16 15 The water quality standard for 14 dissolved oxygen is a lowest one-day 13 minimum of 8 mg/L. Due in part to 12 the physical characteristics of the 11 river, there are occasions when the 10 dissolved oxygen standard is violated. 9 No violations occurred between 1999 8

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) and 2003, but there was one recorded 7 Water Quality Standard - greater than 8 mg/L 6 measurement slightly below the 5 standard in August 2004. 92 93 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 Water Year (October - September) pH Levels by Year 9 Water Quality Standard - between 6.5 and 8.5 The standard requires the pH to be 8.5

within the range of 6.5 and 8.5. There 8 were no violations recorded between 1992 and 2003. However, there was 7.5 pH units one violation in water year 2004-05. 7

6.5

6 92 93 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 Water Year (October - September) 21 Black River #0649

The Black River is monitored at the Moon Road Bridge, as part of the ambient monitoring program. There is data for the period from 1991 through 1993 at other upstream sites that can be made available upon request or by visiting www.geodata.org/swater.

Water quality monitoring will be continued next water year.

Major Issues:

# High temperatures and low dissolved oxygen levels during summer low flow conditions.

# Non-point pollution from rural land-uses.

Funding Sources:

# Thurston County

22 ______Water Quality Summary Conventional Parameters Black River at Moon Road

Water Year Data: Cumulative Data: WQ Standard 2003/04 and 2004/05 1992-2003 Parameter Units WAC 173-201A # samples Water Mean Range violating Mean Range Year standard Highest 7-DAD 03/04 6.21 - 18.43 Temperature EC Max of 17.5EC 04/05 4.27 – 19.09 4.22 - 22.80 Dissolved Lowest one-day 03/04 7.94 – 11.15 1 of 9 mg/L Oxygen minimum of 8.0 04/05 8.13 - 11.4 0 of 12 6.04 - 15.00 03/04 87 60- 117 Conductivity Fmhos/cm 04/05 91 55 – 120 77 41 – 136 23 03/04 7.2* 6.8 - 7.5 0 of 9 pH 6.5 - 8.5 04/05 7.1* 6.2 - 7.5 1 of 12 7* 6.5 - 7.7 not to exceed 5 03/04 1.22 0.4 – 2.6 0 of 9 Turbidity NTU NTU over 04/05 1.44 0.1 – 4.1 0 of 12 2.89 0.07 – 14 background

GMV: <100 and colonies/ 03/04 14** 0 – 48 % exceeding 200 Fecal Coliform < 10% not to 100 ml 04/05 14** 0 – 40 0% 23** 0 – 1100 exceed 200 0% 03/04 0.03 0.024 - 0.036 Total Phosphorus mg/L 03/05 0.033 0.023 - 0.048 0.04 0.01 - 0.07 Black River#0649 Nitrate + Nitrite- 03/04 0.649 0.435 - 0.788 mg/L nitrogen 04/05 0.740 0.432 – 1.08 0.653 0.303 - 1.51

Ammonia mg/L 0.036 <0.010 - 0.196

* Median ** Geometric mean value (GMV) Thurston County Water Resources Monitoring Report 2003 - 2004 Black River @ Moon Rd Br ______Black River#0649 Date Time Temp pH DO Cond @25c FC Turb Flow TP NOx COMMENTS C mg/L umhos/cm cfu/100mL NTU cfs mg/L mg/L

12/17/2003 12:00:00 PM 6.21 6.8 9.41 60 52.6 0.031 0.435

1/20/2004 1:00:00 PM 7.19 7.1 10.49 66 51.6 0.024 0.634

2/18/2004 11:30:00 AM 6.60 6.9 10.02 68 401.7 0.031 0.629

3/16/2004 11:00:00 AM 9.86 7.1 10.21 82 01.8 0.0280.706 FC <5

4/20/2004 12:20:00 PM 11.02 7.5 10.62 89 150.7 0.031 0.739

5/17/2004 2:00:00 PM 14.87 7.4 11.15 100 400.7 0.0270.788 DO-110% saturation. Beds of flowering coontail. Thick & filling the channel.

7/14/2004 12:00:00 PM 18.43 7.2 8.98 117 250.4 0.032 0.646 24

8/25/2004 12:40:00 PM 17.79 7.2 7.94 111 480.4 0.0300.745 Not raining.

9/21/2004 12:45:00 PM 13.65 7.4 8.70 93 151.1 0.036 0.516 Thurston County Water Resources Monitoring Report 2004 - 2005 Black River @ Moon Rd Br ______

Date Time Temp pH DO Cond @25c FC Turb Flow TP NOx COMMENTS C mg/L umhos/cm cfu/100mL NTU cfs mg/L mg/L

10/20/2004 1:15:00 PM 12.15 6.8 8.33 95 202.2 0.044 0.516

11/10/2004 12:00:00 PM 8.61 6.6 8.13 80 01.8 0.0480.432 F.C. result is <5.

12/15/2004 11:00:00 AM 7.57 6.2 8.70 55 204.1 0.0320.438 River very high. Sampled off bridge.

1/13/2005 11:00:00 AM 4.27 6.6 10.83 79 201.7 0.0280.704 35 F.

2/16/2005 10:15:00 AM 5.08 7.0 11.38 84 51.4 0.023 0.824

3/16/2005 1:45:00 PM 10.44 7.2 10.02 102 150.7 0.032 1.060

4/13/2005 12:00:00 PM 9.02 6.9 9.95 72 251.9 0.029 0.542 25

5/11/2005 1:00:00 PM 13.27 7.2 9.86 84 401.8 0.028 0.622

6/8/2005 1:30:00 PM 14.82 7.2 9.93 95 101.1 0.043 0.789

7/13/2005 11:30:00 AM 15.63 7.2 8.67 106 200.3 0.034 0.957

8/8/2005 12:00:00 PM 19.09 7.5 9.43 116 100.1 0.0280.919 Turb standard recall of lot used to cal YSI on this date. Results could be up to 8% lower than the true turb value.

9/28/2005 1:00:00 PM 14.03 7.5 10.21 120 250.2 0.0251.080 Turb standard recall of lot used to cal YSI on this date.

Results could be up to 8% lower than the true turb value. Black River#0649 Deep Lake

PART OF Black River WATERSHED PRIMARY LAKE USES:

LENGTH OF LAKE: 0.4 miles Swimming, boating, and fishing

SHORELINE LENGTH: 1.4 miles PUBLIC ACCESS:

LAKE SIZE: 66 acres The state park has three swimming beaches that are used heavily in the summer. A private resort BASIN SIZE: 1.2 square miles is located on the east side of the lake.

MEAN DEPTH: 12 feet GENERAL TOPOGRAPHY:

MAXIMUM DEPTH: 17 feet The approximate altitude of the lake is 198 feet. The lake is situated between gentle hills VOLUME: 770 acre-feet (elevation 300 feet). There is a small unnamed inlet on the southeast side of the lake and an PRIMARY LAND USES: unnamed outlet on the northwest side of the lake. The outlet creek flows into Scott Lake. Most of the watershed is inside Millersylvania State Park. It is forested, but is a heavily used GENERAL WATER QUALITY: (Excellent, recreation area. Good, Fair, Poor)

Good - Visibility is usually good, and phosphorus levels are below the state water quality action level.

26 Deep Lake

OTHER AVAILABLE DATA: Thurston County Environmental Health Division, (360) 754-4111, (historical water quality data).

GENERAL DISCUSSION:

Deep Lake was sampled monthly, May through October, since 1994. Profile graphs of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity data can be found at the end of this narrative. In 2005, Deep Lake was thermally stratified from May through August. This means that the lake developed a warm surface layer and a cooler bottom layer, as the solar radiation warmed the water. The lake’s shallow depth (average depth of 12 feet or 3.7 meters) and good water clarity results in a dense population of rooted aquatic plants along the lake bottom, which usually keeps the lake well oxygenated at all depths. At a depth of about two to three meters the water was supersaturated with oxygen. However, uncharacteristically, in 2005, the oxygen levels at the bottom dropped to near zero throughout the season.

The 2005 average water clarity, as measured with a secchi disk, was the lowest in the period of record, at 2.7 meters (9 feet). The range of measurements was from 2.2 meters (7.2 feet) in May to 3.3 meters (10.8 feet) in September. A graph of average summer secchi disk measurements from 1975 and 1994 through 2005 is included at the end of this narrative. A graph of water clarity trends is also shown at the end of this chapter. The trend graph does show below average water clarity over the past three years.

Total phosphorus concentrations at the surface averaged 0.012 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in 2005. This is well within the state water quality standard of 0.020 mg/L for Puget Sound lowland lakes. The chlorophyll a concentration averaged 10.5 µg/L. The highest concentration measured in 2005 was 37 µg/L in October, during which an algae bloom was visible.

The Carlson trophic state indices (TSI), are used to express the degree of productivity of a lake. Average summer total phosphorus concentrations, chlorophyll a concentrations, and secchi disk transparency are each used to calculate a TSI for the lake. A TSI of 0 to 40 indicates an oligotrophic, or low productivity, lake. A TSI of 41 to 50 indicates a mesotrophic, or moderately productive lake. A TSI of greater than 50 indicates a eutrophic, or highly productive lake.

For 2005, the Deep Lake TSI’s for chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, and secchi disk visibility are 54, 40, and 46, respectively. The trophic state indices for the years of record are graphed on the page following this narrative. All three indices were higher in both 2004 and 2005 than they typically have been in past years. In both 2004 and 2005, one index was within the eutrophic range, indicating high productivity, one index was within the mesotrophic range, indicating moderate productivity, and one index was within the oligotrophic range, indicating low productivity. In most past years of record, Deep Lake TSIs have been near the upper end of the oligotrophic range, indicating low productivity. At this point it is not known what is contributing to the shift in water quality seen in the past few years.

Due to the presence of the state park, this lake has very heavy recreational usage in the summer, including swimming, fishing, and non-motorized boating. In the summer of 1993, an outbreak of a gastrointestinal virus affected 604 people. The source of this outbreak was never positively determined, although it was believed to have been the result of contamination from a bather(s). Dye

27 Deep Lake

tests of restroom facilities near the shore did not indicate any signs of on-site sewage system failure into the lake. The Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission has since renovated the sewage disposal system for the entire park and abandoned the septic systems located near the lake shore.

Major Issues:

Heavy recreational usage in the summer increases the risk of the spread of a communicable disease due to poor personal hygiene and facility over-usage.

Swimmer’s itch is reported to be a regular summer problem in this lake, so preventative measures should be taken by bathers.

An invasive, non-native aquatic plant, Eurasian water milfoil, was discovered in the lake in 2003. Washington State Parks and Recreation is taking steps to control its spread in the lake.

Funding Sources:

Thurston County funding will continue to support sampling in 2006.

28 Deep Lake

DEEP LAKE

May 18, 2005 June 21, 2005

Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 Depth (meters) Depth (meters) 5 5 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Conductivity Conductivity

TEMP pH D.O. COND TEMP pH D.O. COND

July 18, 2005 August 15, 2005

TEMP pH D.O. COND TEMP pH D.O. COND

September 14, 2005 October 18, 2005

Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 Depth (meters) Depth (meters) 5 5 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Conductivity Conductivity

TEMP pH D.O. COND TEMP pH D.O. COND

29 Deep Lake

Deep Lake Trophic State Indices 65 60 Eutrophic 55 50 Mesotrophic 45 40 35 30 25 Oligotrophic Trophic State Index 20 15 10 1975 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Summer Averages (May-October)

TSI (Chl a) TSI (TP) TSI (Secchi)

Secchi Disk Readings 0

-1

-2

-3

Secchi Disk Depth (m) -4

-5 1975 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Summer Averages (May-October)

30 Deep Lake

Deep Lake Water Clarity Trend Annual Mean minus Long-Term Mean 1.5

0.5

Secchi (meters) -0.5

-1

-1.5 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05

31 Thurston County Water Resources Annual Report - 2004 ______Deep Lake

Deep Lake

Site ID# BLADEL000

Date Time Bottom Bottom Sur Bott Sur Bott Secchi Chl a Phae a Water Color Lake Notes Depth Sample TP TP TN TN m ug/L ug/L m Depth mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L m 5/27/2004 2:15:00 PM 4.8 4.0 0.011 0.039 0.242 0.502 3.21 4.3 1.9#6.5 yellow Raining, breezy, 60's. Chlorophyll & algae composite @ 1 & 2M. 6/29/2004 2:45:00 PM 4.5 3.8 0.008 0.022 0.303 0.349 3.65 2.4 0.2#6 greenish yellow Sunny, 80's, calm. Chlorophyll & algae composite @ 1 & 2M. 7/21/2004 11:30:00 AM 4.5 4.0 0.008 0.033 0.379 0.471 3.82 1.9 0.4#7 orangish-yellow Sunny, moderate breeze, 70's. Chlorophyll & algae composite @ 1 & 2 8/18/2004 11:10:00 AM 4.6 4.0 0.008 0.022 0.278 0.462 4.14 3.7 0.6#6 yelow-green Overcast, 60's. Chlorophyll & algae composite @ 1 & 2M. 32 9/15/2004 10:45:00 AM 4.6 4.0 0.010 0.013 0.418 0.473 2.55 22 3.7#3 pea-green Holding time exceeded on Total Phosphorus by one day. Overcast, 60's, lt breeze. Chlorophyll & algae composite @ 1,2 & 3M. 10/11/2004 1:45:00 PM 4.7 4.0 0.016 0.027 0.454 0.511 1.32 58 11no match 60's, sunny, calm. Chlorophyll & algae composite @ 1 & 2.

Summary for 'Site Description' = Deep Lake (6 detail records) Averages Sur TP 0.010 Secchi 3.12 Chl a 15.4 Thurston County Water Resources Annual Report - 2005 ______

Deep Lake

Site ID# BLADEL000

Date Time Bottom Bottom Sur Bott Sur Bott Secchi Chl a Phae a Water Color Lake Notes Depth Sample TP TP TN TN m ug/L ug/L m Depth mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L m 5/18/2005 10:45:00 AM 4.8 4.0 0.014 0.086 0.340 0.584 2.19 4 7.8#7 yellow Chl a & algae composite @ 0.5 & 1M. 6/21/2005 4.6 4.0 0.012 0.043 0.386 0.863 2.65 7.5 0.7#7 Chl a & algae composite @ 0.5 and 1M. 7/18/2005 4:00:00 PM 4.7 4.0 0.010 0.096 0.289 1.900 2.22 11 2#7 yellow Chl a & algae composite @ 0.5 & 1M. Very green, lots of algae in bottom sample. It was aphanizomenon & dinobryon. 8/15/2005 1:25:00 PM 4.5 4.0 0.009 0.088 0.321 1.260 3.00 2.1 1#6 greenish yellow Chl a & algae composite @ 1 & 2M. Major cloud of algae at bottom. 33 9/14/2005 12:00:00 PM 4.6 4.0 0.005 0.022 0.309 0.510 3.29 1.1 1.4#7 yellow Chl a & algae composite @ 1 & 2M. 10/18/2005 2:00:00 PM 4.7 4.0 0.022 0.034 0.313 0.303 3.03 37 6.4#7 yellow Chl a & algae composite @ 1, 2, 3M.

Summary for 'Site Description' = Deep Lake (6 detail records) Averages Sur TP 0.012 Secchi 2.73 Chl a 10.5 Deep Lake Deep Lake ______

Algae data: Deep Lake

Type Description Dominant in Sample

5/27/2004 BG Anabaena species

BG Coelosphaerium species

BG Gomphosphaeria species

CP Chroomonas species

CP Cryptomonas species

DF Ceratium species

DT Asterionella species

GR Elakatothrix species

GR Sphaerocystis schroeteri

YL Dinobryon species

6/29/2004 BG Anabaena spiroides

CP Chroomonas species

DF Ceratium species

GR Sphaerocystis schroeteri

YL Dinobryon species

7/21/2004 BG Anabaena species

DF Ceratium species

GR Sphaerocystis schroeteri

YL Dinobryon species

8/18/2004 BG Anabaena species

CP Chroomonas species

DT Asterionella species

GR Sphaerocystis schroeteri

YL Dinobryon species

9/15/2004 BG Chroococcus species

GR Elakatothrix species

YL Dinobryon species

Deep Lake Page 1 of 2

34 Deep Lake ______

Type Description Dominant in Sample

10/11/2004 BG Aphanizomenon flos-aquae

CP Cryptomonas species

DF Ceratium species

YL Dinobryon species

Key: BG = Blue green EU = Euglenophyte CP = Cryptophyte GR = Green DF = Dinoflagellate YL = Yellow DT = Diatom

Deep Lake Page 2 of 2

35 Deep Lake ______

Algae data: Deep Lake

Type Description Dominant in Sample

5/18/2005 BG Anabaena species

BG Aphanizomenon flos-aquae

CP Cryptomonas species

DT Asterionella species

YL Dinobryon species

YL Synura species

6/21/2005 DF Ceratium species

YL Dinobryon species

7/18/2005 CP Chroomonas species

DF Ceratium species

GR Sphaerocystis schroeteri

YL Dinobryon species

8/15/2005 BG Anabaena species

DF Ceratium species

DF Gymnodinium species

DT Cymbella species

DT Synedra species

YL Dinobryon species

9/14/2005 BG Anabaena species

BG Chroococcus species

BG Microcystis species

CP Chilomonas species

CP Chroomonas species

DF Ceratium species

EU Euglena species

YL Dinobryon species

YL Synura species

Deep Lake Page 1 of 2

36 Deep Lake ______

Type Description Dominant in Sample

10/18/2005 BG Anabaena species

BG Chroococcus species

CP Chilomonas species

GR Elakatothrix species

GR Oocystis species

YL Dinobryon species

YL Synura species

Key: BG = Blue green EU = Euglenophyte CP = Cryptophyte GR = Green DF = Dinoflagellate YL = Yellow DT = Diatom

Deep Lake Page 2 of 2

37 Salmon Creek #685

PART OF BLACK RIVER WATERSHED The basin is a flat glacial outwash plain with low-lying areas prone to groundwater flooding LENGTH OF RIVER: 7.4 miles during periods of prolonged above average rainfall. BASIN SIZE: 7500 acres GENERAL WATER QUALITY: PRIMARY LAND USES: Agriculture including a large government Good. Met fecal coliform standard. forestry nursery, rural residential and light Dissolved oxygen is low in dry months. industrial near highway interchange.

FISHERIES RESOURCES: (From A OTHER DATA: Catalog of Washington Steams and Salmon Utilization, WDOF) Thurston County Environmental Health Division (360) 754-4111 (water quality data for Coho 1991-1993). www.geodata.org/swater

GENERAL TOPOGRAPHY: Thurston County Department of Water and Salmon Creek is a tributary to the Black River Waste Management, Storm Water Utility and drains the prairie on the east side of the (360) 357-2491 Salmon Creek and groundwater river basin and includes Hopkins Ditch. monitoring. Salmon Creek Drainage Basin Plan www.co.thurston.wa.us/monitoring

Salmon Creek #685

Salmon Creek drainage basin is naturally prone to groundwater flooding because of the geology and topography. The land is virtually flat and surface drainage is slow. Standing water can remain on the surface for months. Monthly water quality monitoring of Salmon Creek began in January 2005. Nine samples were collected at this site. The water quality standard for fecal coliform has two parts: part I - the geometric mean shall not exceed 100 colony forming units per 100 milliliters of sample and, part II - no more than 10 percent of the samples shall exceed 200 colonies/100 mL of sample. Both parts of the fecal coliform standard were met in 2005, with a geometric mean of 18 colonies per 100 ml, and no samples were greater than 200. During 2005, the dissolved oxygen fell below the standard four times between May and September. There was one slight pH violation in January.

Water quality monitoring will continue.

Major Issues:

# During the rainy seasons of 1996-97 and 1998-99, above average rainfall caused localized flooding, failed septic systems, contaminated drinking water and restricted access to property. Flooding is expected to occur again when there is above average rainfall.

Funding Sources:

# Thurston County

39 ______Salmon Creek#685 Water Quality Summary Conventional Parameters Salmon Creek

Water Year Data: WQ Standard 2004-2005 Parameter Units WAC 173-201A # samples Water Mean Range violating Year standard Highest 7-DAD Temperature EC 04/05 1.99 – 16.47 Max of 17.5EC Dissolved Lowest one-day mg/L 04/05 5.32 – 11.2 4 of 8 Oxygen minimum of 8.0 Conductivity Fmhos/cm 04/05 98 78 - 136

40 pH 6.5 - 8.5 04/05 6.8* 6.4 – 7.2 1 of 9 not to exceed 5 Turbidity NTU NTU over 04/05 2.57 0.7 – 6.1 0 of 9 background GMV: <100 and colonies/ 18** Fecal Coliform < 10% not to 04/05 0 - 170 % exceeding 200 100 ml exceed 200 0% Total Phosphorus mg/L 04/05 0.045 0.015 – 0.073 Nitrate + Nitrite- mg/L 04/05 0.172 0.033 – 0.588 nitrogen

* Median ** Geometric mean value (GMV) Thurston County Water Resources Monitoring Report 2004 - 2005 Salmon Creek @ Littlerock Rd. ______

Date Time Temp pH DO Cond @25c FC Turb Flow TP NOx COMMENTS C mg/L umhos/cm cfu/100mL NTU cfs mg/L mg/L

1/13/2005 10:15:00 AM 2.97 6.4 10.24 85 01.4 9.3 0.0250.373 F.C. result is <5.

2/16/2005 8:45:00 AM 1.99 6.8 11.16 92 00.7 9.2 0.0150.588 F.C. result is <5.

3/16/2005 2:15:00 PM 8.36 6.9 8.75 102 601.3 3.3 0.0350.083 ~50 degrees, raining.

4/12/2005 2:30:00 PM 7.73 6.8 9.58 78 251.3 20.5 0.0250.181 45 degrees, Rain.

5/10/2005 1:00:00 PM 12.43 6.8 6.93 90 1702.3 14.5 0.0490.033 light rain.

6/7/2005 3:10:00 PM 12.52 6.9 7.27 100 852.3 3.9 0.058 0.041

7/13/2005 1:15:00 PM 15.36 7.0 6.59 110 403.7 1.3 0.070 0.067 41

8/8/2005 1:15:00 PM 16.47 7.2 136 154.0 0.3 0.0730.096 Turb standard recall of lot used to cal YSI on this date. Results could be up to 8% lower than the true turb value.

9/28/2005 2:15:00 PM 12.13 7.1 5.32 92 156.1 0.2 0.0580.089 estimated increments - very narrow channel @ right bank. Turb standard recall of lot used to cal YSI on this date. Results could be up to 8% lower than the true turb value. Salmon Creek#685