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JFAE(Food & Health-Parta) Vol3-1 (2005)
WFL Publisher Science and Technology Meri-Rastilantie 3 B, FI-00980 Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment Vol.10 (3&4): 1555-1557. 2012 www.world-food.net Helsinki, Finland e-mail: [email protected] Ecological risk assessment of water in petroleum exploitation area in Daqing oil field Kouqiang Zhang 1, Xinqi Zheng 1, Dongdong Liu 2, Feng Wu 3 and Xiangzheng Deng 3, 4* 1 China University of Geosciences, No. 29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China. 2 School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences, No. 388, Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China. 3 Institute of Geographical Sciences and National Resources Research, China Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China. 4 Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. *e-mail:[email protected] Received 12 April 2012, accepted 6 October 2012. Abstract Ecological risk assessment (ERA) has been highly concerned due to the serious water environment pollution recently. With the development of socio-economic, preliminary ERA are placed in an increasingly important position and is the current focus and hot spot with great significance in terms of environment monitoring, ecological protection and conservation of biodiversity. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a major ecological environment pollutant, especially in water pollutants. In this paper, we assessed the ecological risk of water in the petroleum exploitation area in Daqing oil field. The concentration of naphthalene in the water samples of study area is the basic data, and Hazard Quotient (HQ) is the major method for our assessment. According to the analysis of the amount of naphthalene, the ratio coefficient and the space distribution characteristic in the study area, and deducting quotient value of naphthalene hazard spatially with Spatial Extrapolation Toolkit, we used contour lines to complete the preliminary assessment study on aquatic ecological risk in the region. -
Timeline of Natural History
Timeline of natural history This timeline of natural history summarizes significant geological and Life timeline Ice Ages biological events from the formation of the 0 — Primates Quater nary Flowers ←Earliest apes Earth to the arrival of modern humans. P Birds h Mammals – Plants Dinosaurs Times are listed in millions of years, or Karo o a n ← Andean Tetrapoda megaanni (Ma). -50 0 — e Arthropods Molluscs r ←Cambrian explosion o ← Cryoge nian Ediacara biota – z ←Earliest animals o ←Earliest plants i Multicellular -1000 — c Contents life ←Sexual reproduction Dating of the Geologic record – P r The earliest Solar System -1500 — o t Precambrian Supereon – e r Eukaryotes Hadean Eon o -2000 — z o Archean Eon i Huron ian – c Eoarchean Era ←Oxygen crisis Paleoarchean Era -2500 — ←Atmospheric oxygen Mesoarchean Era – Photosynthesis Neoarchean Era Pong ola Proterozoic Eon -3000 — A r Paleoproterozoic Era c – h Siderian Period e a Rhyacian Period -3500 — n ←Earliest oxygen Orosirian Period Single-celled – life Statherian Period -4000 — ←Earliest life Mesoproterozoic Era H Calymmian Period a water – d e Ectasian Period a ←Earliest water Stenian Period -4500 — n ←Earth (−4540) (million years ago) Clickable Neoproterozoic Era ( Tonian Period Cryogenian Period Ediacaran Period Phanerozoic Eon Paleozoic Era Cambrian Period Ordovician Period Silurian Period Devonian Period Carboniferous Period Permian Period Mesozoic Era Triassic Period Jurassic Period Cretaceous Period Cenozoic Era Paleogene Period Neogene Period Quaternary Period Etymology of period names References See also External links Dating of the Geologic record The Geologic record is the strata (layers) of rock in the planet's crust and the science of geology is much concerned with the age and origin of all rocks to determine the history and formation of Earth and to understand the forces that have acted upon it. -
燕一哪一赞一臀耀黔 Published Interpretations (Bell, T.H ., 1983; N Ature, 304, P
C O N F E R E N C E R E P O R T S D efo rm atio n o f C ru stal R o ck s M t. Buffalo, Victoria, A ustralia, 2 一6 February 1987 In the H a rt s Range area P.R . Jam es and P. Ding have re- interpreted infrastructural basem ent and supracrustal cover O ne hundred and thirty structural geologists m et recently at to represent tw o related orogenic belts separated by a thick, M t. Buffalo in the high country of Victoria to discuss com plex, m id-crustal detachm ent zone characterized by aspects of crustal rock deform ation. The international early N -S crustal extension. In the southern A runta, C . conference w as hosted by the Specialist G roup in T ectonics A m ri and others have recognized a sub-horizontal shear and Structural G eology (SG T SG ) of the G eological Society of zone in Proterozoic gneisses w ith a N E directed shear and A ustralia. The conferences are held approxim ately every have suggested opposed thrusting during the Proterozoic and three years and provide a forum for the discussion o f re- Palaeozoic orogenies. Thrusting associated w ith the Late search results w ithin A ustralia. U nfortunately there w ere D evonian-Early Carboniferous event has determ ined the only eleven foreign participants (from Sw itzerland, Italy, present outcrop relations of the A runta com plex (A .J. A ustria, Canada, U .S.A . and M alaysia). -
A Case Study on Land-Use Process of Daqing Region
Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2015) 12:3827–3836 DOI 10.1007/s13762-015-0797-y ORIGINAL PAPER An assessment approach of land-use to resource-based cities: a case study on land-use process of Daqing region 1 2 1 1 S. Y. Zang • X. Huang • X. D. Na • L. Sun Received: 4 September 2013 / Revised: 28 October 2013 / Accepted: 14 March 2015 / Published online: 9 April 2015 Ó Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2015 Abstract Land is an important natural resource for na- profitability) are defined in the studied case, which provide tional economic development, and many countries are the assessment of local land use with intuitive criteria. And paying more and more concerns on how to effectively professional suggestion of adjustment index was proposed utilize the resource. As an example, local petroleum in- for scientific management of land use for the local man- dustry in Daqing region is developing rapidly; it leads to agement administration. the usable land resource diminishing and the agricultural ecological environment degenerating recently, such kind of Keywords Z–H model Á Land use Á Resource-based city Á land change process characterizes land-use feature of Assessment Á Daqing region typical resource-based city. Therefore, the study of the land-use change of Daqing region is representative and instructive for most resource-based cities. To provide rea- Introduction sonable land use with a theoretical basis for scientific management of such resource-based region, a method to Daqing region locates at Heilongjiang Province, northeast quantitatively assess and adjust the land resource use ac- of China, the range is longitudinal 123°450–125°470E and cording to local economic development scenarios is intro- latitudinal 45°230–47°280N, and its area covers duced in the current study. -
The Truong Son, Loei-Phetchabun, and Kontum Terranes in Indochina: Provenance, Rifting, and Collisions
REVIEW published: 28 May 2021 doi: 10.3389/feart.2021.603565 The Truong Son, Loei-Phetchabun, and Kontum Terranes in Indochina: Provenance, Rifting, and Collisions Clive Burrett 1, Mongkol Udchachon 1,2* and Hathaithip Thassanapak 2 1 Palaeontological Research and Education Centre, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand, 2 Applied Palaeontology and Biostratigraphy Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand The three main regions of Indochina are defined as the Truong Son, Loei-Phetchabun, and Kontum terranes. The aim of this review is to integrate numerous petrological studies with sedimentary, palaeontological, and provenance studies in order to construct a preliminary tectonic model which shows the terranes docked in the earliest Carboniferous (Truong Son with Loei-Phetchabun) and in the Permian (Kontum). The Kontum Terrane is characterized by Proterozoic magmatism, mid-Ordovician to Early Devonian granites, and Permian charnockites. Major carbonate platforms developed in the Givetian to earliest Tournaisian on Truong Son and from the Visean to mid-Permian across Truong Edited by: Son and Loei-Phetchabun terranes. The Truong Son has Silurian granites and a Basilios Tsikouras, Late Ordovician to Silurian magmatic arc along its southern and western borders Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei caused by subduction of oceanic lithosphere, the remnants of which are now partially Reviewed by: Antonio Pedrera, preserved in the Loei and Tamky sutures. A region to the east of the Loei Suture in Instituto Geológico y Minero de the Loei Foldbelt has a similar-age volcanic arc extending northwards into Laos and España (IGME), Spain Sergio Llana-Fúnez, is included in Truong Son. -
Description of Map Units Northeast Asia Geodynamics Map
DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS NORTHEAST ASIA GEODYNAMICS MAP OVERLAP ASSEMBLAGES (Arranged alphabetically by map symbol) ad Adycha intermountain sedimentary basin (Miocene and Pliocene) (Yakutia) Basin forms a discontinuous chain along the foot of southwestern slope of Chersky Range in the Yana and Adycha Rivers basins. Contain Miocene and Pliocene sandstone, pebble gravel conglomerate, claystone, and minor boulder gravel conglomerate that range up to 400 m thick. REFERENCES: Grinenko and others, 1998. ag Agul (Rybinsk) molasse basin (Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous) (Eastern Sayan) Consists of Middle Devonian through Early Carboniferous aerial and lacustrine sand-silt-mudstone, conglomerate, marl, and limestone with fauna and flora. Tuff, tuffite, and tuffaceous rock occur in Early Carboniferous sedimentary rocks. Ranges up to 2,000 m thick in southwestern margin of basin. Unconformably overlaps Early Devonian rocks of South Siberian volcanic-plutonic belt and Precambrian and early Paleozoic rocks of the Siberian Platform and surrounding fold belts. REFERENCES: Yanov, 1956; Graizer, Borovskaya, 1964. ags Argun sedimentary basin (Early Paleozoic) (Northeastern China) Occurs east of the Argun River in a discontinuously exposed, northeast-trending belt and consists of Cambrian and Ordovician marine, terrigenous detrital, and carbonate rocks. Cambrian units are composed of of feldspar- quartz sandstone, siltstone, shale and limestone and contain abundant Afaciacyathus sp., Bensocyathus sp., Robustocyathus yavorskii, Archaeocyathus yavorskii(Vologalin), Ethomophyllum hinganense Gu,o and other fossils. Ordovicain units consist of feldspar-quartz sandstone, siltstone, fine-grained sandstone and phylitic siltstone, and interlayered metamorphosed muddy siltstone and fine-grained sandstone with brachiopods, corals, and trilobites. Total thickness ranges up to 4,370 m. Basin unconformably overlies the Argunsky metamorphic terrane. -
Application of Integrated Device for Produced Liquid Preliminary Separation and Desanding in Oil Field Production
Application of Integrated Device for Produced Liquid Preliminary Separation and Desanding in Oil Field Production Junpeng Zhou1,Xiaoxi Chang 1 and Xindi Zhou 2 1Daqing Oilfield Engineering Construction Co., Ltd. ,Kunlun Street 75,Ranghulu Daqing,Heilongjiang,China P.R. 2School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Harbin University of Science And Technology,Xuefulu Road 52,Nangang Harbin,Heilongjiang,China P.R. Keywords: Integrated device , Skid-mounted , Design applications Abstract: At home and abroad ,there is a large number of theoretical and experimental research on hydro-cyclone separation equipment, of which the research on the multiphase hydrocyclone desanding device already has certain theoretical basis. In Daqing oilfield, desanding technology and equipment was adopted in the produced fluid gathering and transferring process . This paper mainly introduces the application of sand removal equipment in the oil field research. 1 INTRODUCTION After the development and production of Daqing Oil 2 TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS Field entered the stage of high water cut period,the produced fluid composition changed a lot and the 2.1. The Application of the Existing Sand composition became more complex. To improve oil Removal Device recovery, many key technologies, like chemical flooding, are applied and thus lead to the obvious Sand Removal Device ( SRD) was specially sand content in the produced fluid. Long-term oil designed in Daqing Oil Field in the previous field production practice showed that sand produced fluid gathering and transportation process deposition appears in the three-phase separator in the and this causes mud existence in the whole process process of the oil and gas gathering and and thus lead to a series of problems. -
South-East Asia Second Edition CHARLES S
Geological Evolution of South-East Asia Second Edition CHARLES S. HUTCHISON Geological Society of Malaysia 2007 Geological Evolution of South-east Asia Second edition CHARLES S. HUTCHISON Professor emeritus, Department of geology University of Malaya Geological Society of Malaysia 2007 Geological Society of Malaysia Department of Geology University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Geological Society of Malaysia ©Charles S. Hutchison 1989 First published by Oxford University Press 1989 This edition published with the permission of Oxford University Press 1996 ISBN 978-983-99102-5-4 Printed in Malaysia by Art Printing Works Sdn. Bhd. This book is dedicated to the former professors at the University of Malaya. It is my privilege to have collabo rated with Professors C. S. Pichamuthu, T. H. F. Klompe, N. S. Haile, K. F. G. Hosking and P. H. Stauffer. Their teaching and publications laid the foundations for our present understanding of the geology of this complex region. I also salute D. ]. Gobbett for having the foresight to establish the Geological Society of Malaysia and Professor Robert Hall for his ongoing fascination with this region. Preface to this edition The original edition of this book was published by known throughout the region of South-east Asia. Oxford University Press in 1989 as number 13 of the Unfortunately the stock has become depleted in 2007. Oxford monographs on geology and geophysics. -
Ar±Ar and Fission-Track Ages in the Song Chay Massif
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 19 (2001) 233±248 www.elsevier.nl/locate/jseaes Ar±Ar and ®ssion-track ages in the Song Chay Massif: Early Triassic and Cenozoic tectonics in northern Vietnam H. Maluskia,*, C. Lepvrierb, L. Jolivetb, A. Carterc, D. Roquesc, O. Beyssacd, Ta Trong Tange, Nguyen Duc Thangf, D. Avigadd aISTEM-CNRS, Universite Montpellier 2, Place EugeÁne Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France bLaboratoire de Tectonique, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, case 129, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France cLondon Fission Track Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Birkbeck and University College, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom dLaboratoire de GeÂologie, Ecole Normale SupeÂrieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France eNational University of Vietnam, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Str., Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam fGeological Survey, Hanoi, Viet Nam Received 14 October 1999; revised 9 May 2000; accepted 7 July 2000 Abstract The Song Chay Massif is the northeasternmost metamorphic complex in Vietnam, to the east of the Red River Shear Zone. It shows a large antiformal structure involving orthogneisses and migmatites overlain, on its northern ¯ank, by muscovite bearing marbles. An E±W striking fault bounds the dome to the South. Kinematic indicators along a S±N section reveal top-to-the-N shear sense along the interface between the orthogneissic core and the overlying metasediments. Radiometric ages were obtained by the 40Ar± 39Ar method using puri®ed mica separates. Across the dome ages range from 236 Ma at the southern edge to 160 Ma in the core, attesting to a strong imprint in the Early Triassic time. -
Timeline of Natural History
Timeline of natural history Main articles: History of the Earth and Geological his- chondrules,[1] are a key signature of a supernova ex- tory of Earth plosion. See also: Geologic time scale and Timeline of evolution- ary history of life • 4,567±3 Ma: Rapid collapse of hydrogen molecular For earlier events, see Timeline of the formation of the cloud, forming a third-generation Population I star, Universe. the Sun, in a region of the Galactic Habitable Zone This timeline of natural history summarizes signifi- (GHZ), about 25,000 light years from the center of the Milky Way Galaxy.[2] • 4,566±2 Ma: A protoplanetary disc (from which Earth eventually forms) emerges around the young Sun, which is in its T Tauri stage. • 4,560–4,550 Ma: Proto-Earth forms at the outer (cooler) edge of the habitable zone of the Solar Sys- tem. At this stage the solar constant of the Sun was only about 73% of its current value, but liquid wa- ter may have existed on the surface of the Proto- Earth, probably due to the greenhouse warming of high levels of methane and carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere. Early bombardment phase begins: because the solar neighbourhood is rife with large planetoids and debris, Earth experiences a number of giant impacts that help to increase its overall size. Visual representation of the history of life on Earth as a spiral 2 Hadean Eon cant geological and biological events from the formation of the Earth to the rise of modern humans. Times are listed in millions of years, or megaanni (Ma). -
15Th International Geochemical Exploration Symposium Reno, Nevada, USA • April 28 to May I, 1991
The Association of Exploration Geochemists Newsletter NUMBER 71 APRIL 1991 15th International Geochemical Exploration Symposium Reno, Nevada, USA • April 28 to May I, 1991 LANDSAT imagery draped over digital topography. The view is looking north with the Rain deposit at the southeast end of the Carlin Trend (lower right) and the Dee deposit at the northwest end (upper left). Photo prepared by Newmont Geophysics Department. The 15th IGES of the Association of Exploration Geochemists will open with a hosted ice-breaker reception on Sunday April 28 at CONTENTS 5:00 pm at Bally's Casino-Resort Hotel in Reno, Nevada. An ex 15th International Creek - Black Lake Area. citing array of technical sessions will be presented, including Geochemical Exploration Southeastern Alaska ............. 14 geochemistry of gold and platinum deposits, integrated geophysical Symposium.. .......... 1 INAA Applications to Geochemistry .................. 17 and geochemical exploration methods, and new analytical Notes from the Editor ........... 2 techniques. Special Notes A total of 65 talks and 65 posters have been accepted for the Sym Past President's Message ........ 3 International Geochemical posium. The talks will be given during three days of plenary ses President's Message. ...... 3 Mapping Project. .18 sions, from Monday, April 29 through Wednesday, May 1,1991, Forthcoming JGE Contents ...... 4 Meeting Reports SME Geochemistry Session ........ 20 with concurrent poster sessions. There will also be 10 field trips, Business Manager's Report ...... 5 Pearl Harbor File ............... 21 four short courses, and one workshop, split between pre- and post AEG Council Minutes ........... 5 meeting times. One hundred and fifty industry vendors, con Recent Papers . ..... 23 Letters .......................... -
Comparative Assessment of Severe Accidents in the Chinese Energy Sector
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT PSI Bericht Nr. 03-04 March 2003 ISSN 1019-0643 China Energy Technology Program Comparative Assessment of Severe Accidents in the Chinese Energy Sector Stefan Hirschberg, Peter Burgherr, Gerard Spiekerman, Erik Cazzoli, Jirina Vitazek and Lulian Cheng Paul Scherrer Institut CH-5232 Villigen PSI Telefon 056 310 21 11 Telefax 056 310 21 99 PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT PSI Bericht Nr. 03-04 March 2003 ISSN 1019-0643 China Energy Technology Program Comparative Assessment of Severe Accidents in the Chinese Energy Sector Stefan Hirschberg1, Peter Burgherr1, Gerard Spiekerman1, Erik Cazzoli2, Jirina Vitazek3 and Lulian Cheng4 1 Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland 2 Cazzoli Consulting, Switzerland 3 Vitty, Slovakia 4 State Environmental Protection Administration, China - I - TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES IN TEXT IV LIST OF TABLES IN TEXT VII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IX 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Context of the study 1 1.2 Objectives and scope 1 1.3 Severe accident definition 2 2. INFORMATION SOURCES 4 2.1 Overview of selected databases and other sources 4 2.2 Completeness of collected data 6 2.2.1 Coal chain 6 2.2.2 Other energy chains 8 2.2.3 Severe accident database used for CETP 8 3. GENERAL INFORMATION AND ISSUES 10 3.1 China’s energy mix 10 3.2 The role of energy in China’s policy for the 21st century 11 4. EVALUATIONS FOR SPECIFIC ENERGY CHAINS 12 4.1 Coal chain 13 4.1.1 Background 13 4.1.2 China’s coal industry 14 4.1.3 Severe accidents in China’s coal chain 26 4.2 Oil chain 37 4.2.1 Background 37 4.2.2 China’s oil industry 41