REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN NATIONAL DIALOGUE STEERING COMMITTEE SUB-COMMITTEE FOR ABYEI AREA

GRASS-ROOTS CONSULTATIONS FINAL REPORT DETAILS FOR ABYEI AREA

December 2017

Report By: Sub-committee For Abyei Area

www.ssnationaldialogue.org

Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

PART ONE INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE AND SUMMATIVE OVERVIEW 1.1 Background Overview On December 19, 2016, President Salva Kiir established the NDSC (NDSC) with an overall mandate ‘to end all violent conflicts in South Sudan, constitute national consensus, and save the country from disintegration and foreign interference’. There are 11 specific or operational objectives, which are intended to guide the consultation processes in the three steps. The Committee was reconstituted in April 2017 and its members sworn in on May 22, 2017 in the presence of President Yoweri Kaguta Museveni of Uganda. The NDSC members immediately embarked on consultative meetings, most of which were initially chaired by the Deputy Co-chairperson, Hon. Angelo Beda. Experts from South Africa, Tunisia and the United Nations were invited to share experiences on national dialogues conducted in Yemen, Senegal, Burundi, Tunisia and South Africa. As stipulated in the Concept Note of South Sudan National Dialogue, the NDSC is mandated to carry out the following tasks:

 Identify key stakeholders inside and outside of South Sudan.  Facilitate consultations at the grassroots levels across the country.  Prepare reports of the grassroots consultations.  Prepare agenda of regional and national conferences  Facilitate regional conferences.  Prepare the regional conference report  Manage the NDSC funds transparently and accountably.  Build collaborative synergies and cooperation with International partners to support the National Dialogue technically and financially.

Principles of the NDSC are inclusivity, transparency, accountability, credibility and participation. In terms of structure, the NDSC is pyramidal shape: at the top of the pyramid is the leadership, composed of co-chairs, deputy co-chair, rapporteur and two deputies, three female members, regional and international partners, members and members of the Secretariat. In terms of division of labour, the NDSC is split into 15 Regional Subcommittees each responsible for the 10 states, Abyei, Boma (Special Administrative Area in Jonglei), Headquarters, Security, refugees and international outreach.

1.2 Mandate and Objectives of Abyei Regional Sub-committee As is the case for other subcommittees, the Abyei regional subcommittee is mandated to: identify key stakeholders in the region; prepare budget and plan for the grassroots consultations; facilitate grassroots consultations; prepare regional consultation report; prepare agenda for the regional conference; facilitate regional conference; supervise selection of regional conference delegates; prepare the report of the regional conference and facilitate nomination of National Conference delegates.

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

Specific objectives of Abyei Regional Subcommittee are:

 To make sure identification of stakeholders is conducted fairly  To ensure grassroots consultation is carried out free and in a conducive environment.  To ensure that minutes are taken accurately (verbatim).  To make sure that verbatim report is guaranteed.

The Abyei Regional Subcommittee is uniquely composed of members drawn from different parts of South Sudan. Its membership inspired the Dinka Ngok community and sent an unequivocal political message that their cause is still very much right at the center of the political equation of South Sudanese people. Members of the NDSC had the flexibility to choose any committee each member would wish to join. Hence, all Abyei Regional Subcommittee joined it in an absolute free will. The Abyei Regional Subcommittee members elected Gen Pieng Deng Kuol as their chairperson to lead the subcommittee programmatic activities in Abyei. The committee identified major stakeholders, operational locations (Counties and Payams) in Abyei region and prepared a work plan, which included budget projection for the recently concluded consultation phase. The stakeholders identified by the committee are:

 State authorities, State Executive, Legislature, local Government authorities.  Traditional authority and community leadership.  Youth and women associations.  Farmers, Traders and cattle herders.  Intellectuals and Senior government officials  Political parties.  Civil society organizations.  Organised forces.  Internally displaced persons. Identified counties are:

 Rum-Amer County.  Alel County.  Majak County.  Ameth Aguok County.  Abyei Municipality.

1.3 Methodological Approach The members of the Abyei Regional Subcommittee members opted to use group consultative approach as opposed to other known methods of consultation. The identified stakeholders were profiled, categorised and regrouped based on profession and other social characteristics. For example, farmers, cattle herders, traders, youth and women associations were consulted together in each county, dictated by the time factor and resources’ available. The consultation processes were interactive and participatory. The participants expressed their opinions freely on a range of questions posed by members of the NDSC subcommittee. 1.4 Overview of the Consultation Process 2

Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

The committee’s activities required significant funding from the national government and its international partners; more importantly state government’s facilitation and cooperation across the country is a critical ingredient for the National Dialogue success. The national government allocated 2.4 billion South Sudanese pounds in this fiscal year budget. Although a number of donors—the Federal government of Germany, Japan, UNDP and the United Nations Mission in South Sudan, UNMISS—had initially pledged to support the process technically, logistically and financially, they backtracked when the process was about to start. UNDP, which is supposed to be the custodian of the National Dialogue’s donor funds, advised the NDSC leadership to conduct regional consultations in phases, which was vehemently opposed by many members. The view of the leadership of the NDSC prevailed, although it was not necessarily the right approach technically. In order to avoid negative influence from those consulted first, it was advisable to carry out simultaneously the consultations across the country. The two parties reached a fitting consensus on this core operational strategy based on UNDP advice. Based on this understanding, the three regional subcommittees of Central Equatoria, Northern Bahr El Ghazal and Northern Upper Nile were selected in the first phase. Even then, UNMISS and UNDP were not only selective in providing logistical support to these subcommittees, they counselled against a precipitated process. After considerable delay, the members of Northern Bahr El Ghazal and Northern Upper Nile regional committees were they eventually airlifted to their respective regions, but the international partners declined to facilitate the regional subcommittee for Central Equatoria. During the planning process, NDSC partners demonstrated a commendable level of commitment—they identified areas for their intervention in accordance with their organisation’s mandates. When the regional subcommittees, Abyei included, were in the budgetary preparatory phase, international partners conveyed their willingness to support the NDSC with: air and land transport from Juba and within the region; accommodation and upkeep for the members; generator hiring, and protection when required in the field. Their last-minute backtracking had nearly brought the whole process to a standstill. The partners’ refusal to assist the regional subcommittees as agreed was incomprehensible. In fact, it amounts to an intentional act to delay the NDSC rolling out. However, the subcommittees decided to commence consultations without the support from partners. The subcommittee paid return tickets for its 21 members, exhausting the SSP 3m that the leadership of NDSC availed. The committee members left Juba for Abyei via Wau on December 6, 2017. Members of the NDSC were seen off by at Juba International Airport by Hon. Bona Malwal Madut, the rapporteur of the NDSC. On arrival In Wau, Abyei Administrative Area coordinator received the members. The Government of Abyei Administrative Area availed four vehicles, including the official car of Hon. Governor. The support received from the Abyei Administrative Area amounted to more than SSP 3m. The team then headed off for Kuajok, the capital of Gogrial state where it spent a rather tumultuous night. The seeming misfortune did not occur as a result of lack of hospitality in that state, it was merely due to an ineffective coordination between the state and the logistics unit team.

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

Before the team departed Kuajok for Abyei on December 7, 2017, the Acting Governor of Gogrial State Hon. Kuanyin Agoth paid a courtesy call to the members of the subcommittee at around 8 AM. The Chairperson of the Regional Subcommittee, Gen. Pieng Deng Kuol, provided an elaborated briefing to the Acting Governor about the mission of the team, after which he escorted the team to the edge of town from where he instructed Hon. Commissioner of Alek Aguok Center to allow the team to use the new road under construction between Alek and Wunrok since the old road was practically impassable. In Alek Aguok, Hon. Chief Justice of the Republic of South Sudan, Justice Chan Reech and Hon. Commissioner of Alek Center tried to persuade the members of the NDSC to spend a few hours with them. After a long and tedious 8-hour drive, the team arrived at around 3.30PM in Mading Jok Thiang Village where the Governor of Abyei Administrative Area, Hon. Kuol Alor Kuol and the members of his government received the delegation. The reception in scale and scope went far beyond the expectations of the team members. It was indeed a clear demonstration of many good things to follow ahead, notably unmatched hospitality, constructive engagement with the team and commendable support of the consultation process. Hon. Governor escorted the team to Agok, one of the Payams of Rum-Amer County where a thoroughly energized and jubilant crowd received members with an immeasurable enthusiasm. The rumour that the First Lady of the Republic of South Sudan was among the NDSC delegates raised the bar of exhilaration a notch higher. The erroneous claim, which suggested that the First Lady was among the delegates, was not an invented tale or romance from the blue, for the Regional Subcommittee for Abyei includes Hon. Monica Ayen Maguat. Hon. Governor, Commissioner of Rum-Amer County, women and youth associations, traditional authority representatives and SPLM Youth League. Acting SPLM Secretary delivered brief and warm welcoming remarks to the NDSC delegation. As predicted, the remarks made by the NDSC Rapporteur Hon. Bona Malwal Madut in a press conference earlier in the week in Khartoum in which he allegedly confirmed that Abyei is an integral part of the Sudan was raised. The statement attributed to Hon. Bona Malwal raised some concerns in Abyei. The members of Regional Subcommittee for Abyei would have been received with a considerable amount of hostility if Abyei Administrative Area Authority did not properly manage the risk. The presence of Gen. Pieng Deng in a leading position within the committee was also a mitigating factor. Nevertheless, the SPLM Secretary unequivocally condemned the unprovoked statement made by the rapporteur on Abyei’s status. It had nearly jeopardized the committee’s mission. Gen. Pieng Deng Kuol, the Chairperson of the Regional Subcommittee for Abyei and Hon. Monica Ayen Maguat appreciated the warm welcome accorded to the delegation by the people of Abyei and their government. Gen. Pieng Deng extensively elaborated all processes that led to the establishment of the NDSC by President Kiir. He highlighted objectives of the National Dialogue, its structure and mandate. Hon. Monica Ayen Maguat’s intervention focused mainly on cooling down the temperature, which was heightened by Hon. Bona Malwal’s unfortunate remark. She reaffirmed to the crowd that the majority of South Sudanese people define Abyei as inseparable part and parcel of South Sudan and that they should not be negatively swayed by one person’s statement.

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

At the end of the rally, the committee members were taken to Juoljok where they were accommodated in Catholic Mission Compound throughout the duration of the consultation process. In order to conform to local dynamics, the committee members met to review the initial work plan and to align it with the Abyei Administrative Area government plan. It was agreed that the process would be jumpstarted in Rum-Amer county on Saturday 9, 12, 2017 in Agok town instead of Rum-Amer town, the capital of the county. The launching of the consultation was planned to take place in Abyei town on Friday 8, 12, 2017. Sunday was agreed to be a day off to allow the members to evaluate and review the work done in the previous week. This was a critical exercise that kept the team focused throughout the consultation phase. According to the revised work plan, the committee would spend 2 days in each county. On Friday 8, 12, 2017, the team was officially received in Abyei town by the Governor and his government officials. The Governor was once again briefed by Gen. Pieng Deng about the committee mission in his State. The National Dialogue key objectives were read together with the principles so as Abyei Administrative Area leadership fully appreciates the significance of this national project. Hon. Governor Kuol Alor welcomed the members to his State and he promised to cooperate constructively with the team. Issue related to insecurity were highlighted, particularly a permanent threat posed by Sudan Arm force division 31 and its South Sudanese militia allies commanded by Thomas Thiel Malwal Awak in Defora. The people of Abyei are not in harmony with Twic Dinka community as they are in dispute over a large and fertile territory situated in the South of Kiir River. In the rally held in Abyei Cuei Ayak freedom square on Friday late afternoon, Hon. Bona Malwal statement in Khartoum about their region status once again dominated discussions as it was the case in Agok on Thursday 7, 2017. The Chairperson of the Regional Subcommittee for Abyei officially launched in Abyei town the beginning of the NDSC consultations. The team members returned to Juoljok late evening. Due to insecurity and other logistic related issues, the NDSC delegation was permanently based in Juoljok from where the team members commuted from every day to various consultation sites in the counties. On Saturday 9, 12, 2017, the NDSC team conducted the first consultation in Agok town, Rum- Amer County with local government authority officials, intellectuals, traditional leaders, elders, political parties and religious leaders. Attendance on the first day was 59 people and 20 among them had the opportunity to express themselves. The Governor of Abyei and Commissioner of Rum-Amer County delivered welcoming remarks. The two leaders urged Dinka Ngok community to actively participate in the consultation process freely. After making a brief speech outlining background and the objectives of the NDSC, Gen. Pieng Deng, the chairperson of the Regional Subcommittee for Abyei handed over the responsibility of the consultation process facilitation to the moderators. On December 11, 2017, the second consultation in Rum-Amer County was held with extraordinary vibrant social groups consisting of youth, women, farmers, traders, cattle herders and civil society organisations. Rum-Amer County is the home of Diil and Achak chiefdoms. 172 participants attended the second consultation. 26 among them spoke.

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

From December 12 to 13, 2017, the team conducted consultation in Akacnhial, a beautiful village located on the southern bank of the River Kiir in Alel County. It is inhabited by Abior, Anyiel and Achueng Dinka Ngok chiefdoms. Attendance was 345 on the first day and 17 people spoke. On the second day the attendance was 396 and 20 spoke. From December 14 to 15, 2017, the committee moved to Abethok, Mijak County occupied by Mareng and Manyuar Dinka Ngok Chiefdoms. Attendance on the first and second day was 602 and 203 respectively, with 14 participants presenting their views on each day. From December 16 to 18, 2017, stakeholders of Ameth Aguok County were consulted in Abyei town due to insecurity caused by Thomas Thiel militias in the county. Ameth Aguok County is populated by Bongo and Alei Dinka Ngok Chiefdoms. Attendance on the first and second day was 338 and 211 respectively. 14 and 22 participants presented their views respective days. On December 19, 2017, the team had a very informative consultation with Abyei Administrative Area government, members of Parliament, senior state government officials and other relevant key state actors. All participants who had opportunity to talk, including the Governor concurred with other stakeholders on issues raised for discussion by the NDSC. Attendance was 174 and 18 spoke. The team then visited the premises of Ngok Dinka paramount chief, Deng Kuol/Deng Majok in the center of the town. Members were shown the tombs of Chief Deng, his brothers, uncles and his sons who were murdered by the successive Arab regimes in Khartoum. The delegation was also taken to the house of Deng Kuol/ Deng Makuei, about two miles away on the western edge of Abyei town where the team members were blessed around the tomb of Deng Makuei by his brother Alor Kuol/ Alor Jok. Ngok Dinka spiritual leader Deng Makuei’s house is located on an elevated area called Abyei Thony, which majestically overlooks the River Nyamora, a wonderful landscape. On December 20, 2017, the subcommittee members went to Rum-Koor where they met with SPLA and other organised forces. That consultation was truly a learning process, as the problems facing these important institutions were laid bare. They lack almost everything ranging from equipment, uniform, food, training, accommodation facilities, health care, roads leading to their deployment centers. The low salries due to them are often delayed. Most of SPLA soldiers and personnel from other organised forces have disserted their units to work in Amiet market, on farms or to engage in charcoal business. A sizeable number have moved to Sudan. Attendance was 254, with 23 getting an opportunity to speak. On the same day, the committee met in the afternoon in Agok town with internally displaced persons, mainly from Apuk and Aguok. The resilience displayed and the sense of unity of purpose they have forged to ensure their collective survival was extremely amazing. There was no any indication that the IDPs hailed from the two warring communities. They eloquently explained the challenges that they are facing, including lack of shelter, food relief, healthcare and land to cultivate. The IDPs put forward very strong persuasive arguments, which ultimately moved the governor of Abyei to promise to support with food and none food items in the near future. Attendance was 37 and those who spoke were 10. On December 21, 2017, the team left Agok for Wau at around 9 AM. On December 22, 2017, the Regional Subcommittee for Abyei delegation left Wau for Juba as planned. Shortly, after the team arrived at Juba International Airport, Chairperson Gen. Pieng Deng Kuol urged members of the 6

Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

Secretariat to expedite the preparation of the final report. A meeting of the Secretariat was then scheduled to take place on Saturday 23 in Freedom Hall to chart a way forward on how to complete the report within a reasonable timeframe. 1.4 Conclusion In all, 2,691 people attended the consultations, with 204 being able to speak. This represents approximately 8%. Some participants spoke for more than an hour, which explains the low percentage of speakers to attendance. Stakeholders expressed their views without fear on issues related to Abyei’s final status, security, reform, particularly security sector reform, comprehensive civil population disarmament, governance, rule of law, socioeconomic development, Abyei’s border with the Sudan and Twic state, national identity, tribalism, corruption and nepotism. The perception that South Sudanese leaders have given up on Abyei is rapidly gaining ground and it is likely to undermine the unity of the people of Abyei. The people of Abyei demonstrated their concern about the political crisis in South Sudan and made several proposals on the way forward. Almost 80% of the participants conveyed in an unambiguous term to the Regional subcommittee for Abyei that in the event the leadership in South Sudan are reluctant to implement the referendum results and the Hague ruling, then Dr. Francis Mading Deng’s proposals offer a way out. Dr. Francis Mading Deng proposed what he called ‘Abyei interim stabilisation’ to break the stalemate on Abyei status. The idea behind this proposal is to establish a semi-autonomous administration with a core mandate to deliver basic social services to the people of Abyei and initiate developmental projects in area. A considerable number of the participants went as far as calling for the total Abyei’s independence from South Sudan and the Sudan. It is quite evident that Ngok Dinka are indeed in deep despair. They believe that they have been abandoned by South Sudanese people and their leadership—they face a solitary and uncertain political and economic future. These accumulative perceptions are contextually confirmed by negative pronouncements uttered by important South Sudanese personalities and by unprovoked repetitive aggressions that Sudan armed forces have been carrying out against them since 2008 to the present day. Many of those that spoke strongly resented Abyei-Abyei internal differences. They argued that it is one of the major impediments to the referendum and the implementation of the Abyei Boundary Commission decision. They also called for the dissolution of the Abyei Joint Oversight Committee between Sudan and South Sudan—which they see a symbol of Sudan’s domination—and for Dr Deng’s proposal to be considered. Moreover, they believe that militia led by Thomas Thiel Malwal Awak who hails from Twic has been unleashed to undermine the tranquillity of the area. Stakeholders from different counties pleaded with the president of the Republic and his government to engage Thomas Thiel, and if necessary, grant him amnesty as is customary. To sum it up, Abyei problem is anchored deeply in the collective memory of Dinka Ngok people. They want to be part of South Sudan and they strongly believe that legal instruments are available to facilitate realisation of their lifetime dream.

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

PART TWO SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 2.1 Summary of Emerging Issues from the Stakeholders National Issues 1. SPLM leadership has abandoned the Movement/ Party’s core values, vision and Mission causing serious division that has resulted to senseless armed conflicts in the Republic of South Sudan. The SPLM has lost vision and mission by allowing tribalism, corruption, and nepotism to thrive. 2. Undemocratic practices and mismanagement of 2010 elections by SPLM electoral colleges is the genesis of the current conflicts in the country. 3. SPLM internal differences and power struggle split the party into many factions. This is been the main cause of the ongoing aimless civil strife. Internal power struggle within the party top leadership led to a devastating SPLM division, which culminated in bloody violence in 2013 and multiple factions within the party—SPLM IG, SPLM IO/IG, SPLM IO/IB and SPLM FDs. 4. Bad governance characterized by unbridled corruption and lack of transparency and accountability has created instability in South Sudan. Undemocratic governance and the abuse of power by the president are some of the root causes of the political predicaments in South Sudan. 5. Tribalism and tribal bigotry among the South Sudanese people have greatly scaled up over the years to a seemingly irreversible proportion. Tribalism, ethnicity, hatred, intolerance and tribal bigotry create disharmony among the people of South Sudan. Tribalism and nepotism are on the rise across the country, compounded by the fact that all senior government officials, including governors and commissioners are always assigned to the states and counties they originated from. It might be critical for the government to assign officials to places other than their original areas in order to uphold national unity. 6. Absence of rule of law and lack of respect for the constitution has created anarchy and equally produced chaotic conditions in the system of governance in the country. Stakeholders in Abyei consider weak institutions and lack of transparency and accountability as major impediments to the effective application of rule of law. 7. Lack of nationalism, patriotism and political will to govern the country within the framework of rule of law. 8. Greed and power hunger among the political elites is the one of primary conflict fueling factors in South Sudan. Greed and rampant corrupt practices in all government’s institutions hinders basic social service delivery. Abject poverty in the country has created an environment of hatred that breeds conflict among South Sudanese people. Poverty, mismanagement and poor governance are the main threat to national harmony and peaceful coexistence. 9. Lack of developmental projects, such as industry, large agricultural schemes, power planets, roads, schools and health facilities limit the country’s job creation opportunity prospects. The ongoing conflict has seriously impeded development efforts, it has crippled the government's ability to construct roads, schools, hospitals, power plants or provision of clean drinking water

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

10. Proliferation of small arms and light weapons across the country poses serious threat to peace and development in South Sudan. Proliferation of arms in the hands of the citizens is one of the major causes, which is fueling the ongoing communal conflicts across the country. The proliferation of small arms in the hands of unauthorized persons in the country, including light weapons is squarely the responsibility of the army and other organized forces who reportedly supply their relatives with these lethal weapons to fight communal conflicts. 11. Marginalization of large sections of South Sudanese citizens and the exclusion of SPLM/SPLA historical cadres is one of main reasons behind the ongoing political instability. 12. Appointing unqualified people to senior positions through nepotism and cronyism is a major impediment to development and basic social service delivery. 13. Policy of appeasement, reward and promotion of militias to senior military ranks and senior government positions encourage the vicious cycle of disastrous rebellions and it also affects negatively the morale of SPLA. Military generals and senior politicians take arms against the nation when relieved from their duties. 14. SPLA does not reflect the face of South Sudan; it is still a tribal based army. 15. Crimes are committed with outright impunity across the country; criminals are not brought to account for their crimes. 16. The establishment of 32 states has increased tribal based conflicts over land/borders. 17. Adoption of a federal system of governance without proper understanding of its principles and implications has amplified tribal bigotry that degenerated into devastating armed conflicts in the country. 18. SPLM has failed to formulate an appropriate system of governance after the independence of the country from the Sudan in 2011. 19. The establishments of tribal councils of elders such as the Jieng Council of Elders, Nuer Council of Elders and Equatoria Council of Elders, which are allegedly being accused to have been interfering or acting intrusively in state affairs has emasculated public institutions, including the ruling party (SPLM). 20. The constitution clause that assigns the land ownership to communities has become a major cause of disputes and conflicts over land across the country. 21. Ineffective policies and mechanisms put in place for revenue collection contribute to the economic depression that the country is going through. 22. The prevalence of traditional cultural values, based on communal way of life—rather than individualism—, coupled with high rates of unemployment among the youth has encouraged dependency syndrome. Many people opt to live with relatives instead of working hard to improve their livelihoods. 23. Many leaders have taken their families abroad to ensure they get better schooling, healthcare, education and security. 24. Power struggle among politicians and military generals is driven by greed for material gains. 25. Neglect of martyr’s families, wounded heroes and heroines cursed South Sudan. 26. Generals do not respect the rule of law and when removed from positions of power take away government assets, such as vehicles and refuse to evacuate government houses or in the worst-case scenario take up arms. 27. Poor and weak security institutions that are unable to control even the security in Juba where killings by unknown gunmen are rampant.

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

28. Lack of inclusivity, political participation and the tendency to narrow political space is also another cause of the conflict. 29. SPLA is impartial politically because it has not been transformed to be a professional national army that respects and obeys a civilian-led government. The SPLA and other organized forces have not been politically oriented, are factionalized along tribal lines, are not conventionally organized and lack political training. The involvement of SPLA commanders in politics and their allegiance to the SPLM as a party is a very dangerous— it undermines democratic evolution. 30. High rate of illiteracy renders the population vulnerable to manipulation by the elites to fight their wars in South Sudan. The ‘cut and paste’ approach to adopting national syllabus mainly from Kenya, Uganda, and Sudan renders our educational system unresponsive to our needs and is above all, not reflective of cultural values of the nation. 31. Lack of political will on the part of leadership to strictly abide and respect the spirit and the letter of constitutional provisions and other agreed laws has perpetuated impunity in South Sudan. 32. Human right abuses and gender-based violence are serious matters that have created vulnerability for women and children and undermine their potential to effectively participate in nation building. 33. The President of South Sudan Gen. Salva Kiir Mayardit, has governed the country poorly. He is the cause of all the problems which are facing the country by allowing corruption and state of lawlessness to prevail without accountability. Moreover, division of SPLM has been occurring under his watch. He should resign instead of seeking communities’ opinion over what went wrong under his leadership that caused bloodshed and destruction in the country. 34. Presidential system of governance may be the best, but parliamentary system would be more suitable for South Sudan. 35. SPLM leaders and SPLA generals want to own South Sudanese people’s struggle that started way back in 1955 and the benefits associated with the freedom, a sense of limitless entitlements. Misunderstanding of the federal system of government is a driving force behind the unreasonable demand for the creation of more states along ethnic lines, which has become a major divisive factor among South Sudanese. 36. The deployment of inexperience, untrained former SPLA and other armed group fighters into specialized and organized forces such as prisons, police and fire brigade affect their abilities to efficiently deliver these critical services. 37. Constitutional post holders, army and other organized force generals and senior civil servants have to be barred from engaging in business whether in a partnership with local or foreign nationals because the nature of their professions. 38. Lack of tolerance and patience among South Sudanese people is another problem that has ravaged the country. 39. Asymmetrical distribution of resources is a fundamental starting place of the problem, as few individuals have been exclusively and excessively enjoying the economic benefits of the country since 2005. 40. Dinka, Nuer, Shilluk and Bari are the communities creating instability in the country. 41. Frequent reshuffling of national and state governments is one of the major sources of conflict—it creates a considerable number of former post constitutional holders who are in most cases left without income for many years.

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

42. People from Bahr el Ghazal region misadvise the president in a manner, which is often aimed at promoting their regional narrow interests, an action that is incompatible with the nation building agenda. 43. Army officers appointed to political positions or to lead civil institutions are returned to the army after they are relieved. This is one of the major sources of the conflict because these officers have already been politicized. 44. SPLA officers, both senior and junior, NCOs and soldiers require rotational and periodical redeployment so that they don’t spend more than 2 years in the same division or unit. 45. Lack of training and capacity building for the army generals and division commanders has led to corruption and lack of accountability in the army. In many cases, there is an acute lack of managerial skills among senior officers. 46. Senior generals and politicians educate or set up their families abroad and there are disinterested in developing the country’s infrastructures, roads, schools, hospitals among others. They orchestrate conflicts without remorse because their families are not in the country. 47. South Sudanese who returned from diaspora with dual nationality lack nationalism, as they apparently have competing allegiance and loyalty. 48. South Sudanese currency’s devaluation was unnecessary economically, as the country depends entirely on agricultural products imported from the neighboring countries, which has resulted to a massive outflow of the United State of America Dollar; a process that will ultimately destroy the economy of South Sudan. 49. SPLA command allows selling of guns to citizens, which has encouraged them to engage in communal fights and cattle raiding. 50. The President of the Republic, Salva Kiir Mayardit bears greater responsibility for the ongoing political crises in the country. “Aci baai yiek ijaza Chol Ayuak” (he gave the country Commander Chol Ayual’s permission). 51. Corruption is practiced on daily basis with impunity in the system, a case in point is the selling of firearms to civilians, misuse of government funds and get away with it undisturbed, because the offenders are protected by their relatives in high places and by the system as well. 52. Abandonment of South Sudan’s—friends, individuals or countries—, such as the USA and Norway, which could have helped in infrastructural development, notably roads, hospitals, water and other important public utilities. 53. A historical war museum in which the destroyed military equipment and documents are stored should be established to keep records and accounts of events and key actors in the liberation struggle. 54. The colonial system of governance, which was anchored on the policy of divided and rule, is seemingly being maintained in South Sudan whereby Chief’s children strongly believe that they have inherent right to be the rulers. 55. The west orchestrated this war as a punishment or coercive measure against the leadership of government of the Republic of South Sudan for pursuing an independent foreign policy.

Summary of issues on Abyei

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

1. The stalemate over the final status of Abyei is responsible for anxiety and uncertainty among Ngok Dinka community. Hon Bona Malwal’s alleged concession to Khartoum was roundly condemned by Abyei residents. It was expressed that statements such as that attributed to Dr. Marial Benjamin, Michael Makuei Lueth and more recently Hon. Bona Malwal are likely to undermine or weaken Abyei’s legitimate and inherent right of being an integral part of South Sudan. The failure of the Government of South Sudan to recognize the 2013 Abyei referendum results was strongly condemned by the people of Abyei. 2. Residents also raised as pertinent, various questions and issues pertaining to intercommunal relations, insecurity and border issues. These included views about:

 The threat posed by militia commander Thomas Thiel Malwal Awak and Sudan arm forces, division 31 based in Defora.   Land disputes between Twic and Ngok communities (over internal border) was said to have the potential to lead to an armed confrontation that may involve all segments of the two Dinka sections.  Targeted killings of Dinka Ngok along their common border with Twic community compel some people to conclude that the killers hail from Twic State.  The alleged role of politicians in engineering border conflict between Twic and Ngok Dinka communities.  Lack of finances and a unified syllabus is upsetting provision of quality education in Abyei region.  Nepotism, tribalism and political cronyism in the administration of Abyei region is causing political disquiet and rift among the people of Abyei. For instance, the NDSC heard that Mareng community is not adequately represented in Abyei area’s administration and that it was feared that inequitable power and wealth sharing can cause conflict within Dinka Ngok community.  The allegation that forces threatening Dinka-Ngok in Difra are in fact under Bona Malwal’s command.  The encroachment of the Sudanese army and their militia allies into Abyei’s territory and more importantly the security threat associated with their presence in the northern part of the area.  UNISAF is actually running the administration of Abyei behind the scenes alongside the Sudanese government.  Grievances over the internal governance issues in Abyei area regarding mismanagement of financial resources and power sharing.

2.2 Summary of Recommendations by Stakeholders The following are stakeholders’ recommendations on a range of issues raised during the consultations:

1. That President Kiir should visit Abyei, Malakal, Bentiu and all war-affected areas in the country to see for himself the level of devastation and the misery to which South Sudanese people are subjected.

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

2. The president of the Republic of South Sudan should resign and hand over the country to another SPLM leader to create a new political dynamic that will lead to the settlement of the ongoing political crises. He should allow the country to conduct free and fair elections in 2018 so that South Sudanese are able to elect a capable leader to govern them. 3. South Sudanese politicians known to be Anti Abyei ought to be urged by the leadership of the country to refrain from making provocative and contradictory statements that are detrimental to the final solution to Abyei’s problem. 4. Development of a permanent constitution to lay down a solid legal foundation to safeguard and strengthen the rule of law, ensuring proper provision of equitable judicial services to South Sudanese people in an accountable and transparent manner. 5. Reconciliation among the citizens affected by conflicts is urgently needed. It is necessary to initiate reconciliation among the political leaders and other political figures in the country. 6. Abyei status should be part of the National Dialogue (ND) conference agenda item at all levels. 7. UNISFA should be deployed between Twic and Ngok to prevent conflict between the two communities over the border dispute. Moreover, an urgent intervention from the national government to mitigate and peacefully solve the brewing Twic-Ngok border conflict is needed. Furthermore, the dispute between Twic and Ngok communities over land needs a forum to discuss it and to amicably find a lasting solution. 8. SPLM party factions (SPLM IG, SPLM IO-IG, SPLM IO-IB, SPMM DC and SPLM FDs) should negotiate faithfully their reunification to finally settle their political wrangling to pave the way for peace, reconciliation and national healing in the country. The SPLM needs to re-unite its ranks and file and re-define their vision to match the governance system and development agenda expected of them by the citizens of South Sudan. Re-unification of SPLM top leadership, especially Awald Garang or “Garang Boys)” and Awald Kiir “Kiir boys” is central to SPLM unity as a whole. 9. The tribally established councils of elders such as the Jieng Council of Elders, Nuer Council of Elders, Equatoria Council of Elders must be banned. 10. SPLM as a ruling dominant party needs should re-appraise its vision and mission in order to adapt itself to a new political dynamic created by the process of decolonization and the current political turmoil in the country. 11. The constitutional clause that assigns land ownership to the communities should be amended, as its misunderstanding has caused loss of lives among the communities over the years. It has also been a consequential hindrance for development. Government needs to reassume its regulatory responsibility over land ownership to ensure its equitable sharing. 12. National Ministry of Education and Instruction in South Sudan has to develop a unified syllabus and allocate enough resources to support the education sector in Abyei region. Moreover, such a unified syllabus should incorporate civic education to marshal a nationalistic spirit among South Sudanese young people. 13. The national government should develop effective laws and hold individuals accountable for abuse of power and embezzlement of government funds. 14. President Salva Kiir’s Government ought to make it a priority to work toward finding a final political settlement for Abyei.

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

15. South Sudanese people should demonstrate a degree of tolerance to one another based on mutual interests and respect for cultural and ethnic diversity. In order to reduce tribalism and sectionalism in South Sudan, government needs to construct national schools at all levels in which pupils and students from different parts of the country will be enrolled. 16. The government should intervene and negotiate with Thomas Thiel Malwal Awak militias at the border to resolve his grievances and to spare the lives of innocent Dinka Ngok people he has been murdering ever since. 17. Governments of South Sudan and Sudan need to negotiate compensation for SAF destruction of Abyei in 2008 and 2011and to also investigate the circumstances in which Dinka Ngok Paramount Chief Kuol Adol was murdered in cold blood on 4/5/ 2013. 18. Presidential term limit should be included in the constitution so that South Sudanese people seize the opportunity to regularly elect leaders of their choice into offices. 19. SPLM as a party needs to develop policies on development and governance in general, education, and health and to keenly make sure that these policies are fully implemented in letter and spirit. 20. Govern by the rule of law and allow democratic principles to guide the political discourse in the country. The predictable solution to South Sudan political crisis is to uphold rule of law, adhere to democratic principles of governance and an absolute respect for the constitutional order. 21. Disarmament of the civil population in the country must be carried out simultaneously in all the 32. If effected appropriately, disarmament could probably provide a lasting solution to deadly communal conflicts in South Sudan. 22. An inclusive political participation, such as introduction of a genuine multiparty system of governance is a critical ingredient for the growth of democracy in South Sudan. 23. Tribal bigotry, hatred, intolerance, contempt, and greed need to be replaced by tolerance, love, compassion, an absolute respect for one another, unity and peace. 24. South Sudanese people must solve their differences, including political differences through peaceful means and also should be prepared to forgive and reconcile with one another. 25. Abyei issue should be included in all 15 grassroots consultations, because it is a national problem. It should also constitute an agenda for the regional and national conferences that are planned to take place at the end of the grassroots consultations. 26. Effective economic policies that will increase wealth creation must be urgently put in place to reduce the level of poverty in the country, especially reviewing down arbitrary devaluation of the national currency. Government needs to control the extremely excessive outflow of hard currencies from the country. 27. Constitutional post holders, army and other organized force generals and senior civil servants have to be barred from engaging in business, whether in partnership with local or foreign nationals. 28. South Sudan government needs to abolish dual citizenship policy to protect vital interests of the nation, as those who have two nationalities do understandably have competing loyalties. 29. The President of the Republic ought to officially recognize referendum results and declare Abyei as an integral part of South Sudan.

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

2.3 Thematic Classification of Emerging Issues Stakeholders views detailed below relate to the following key themes teased out of presentations: 1. Governance and rule of law a. Inequitable power and resource sharing (creates disquiet that breeds a sentiment of injustice, hence leads to rebellion). b. Poor governance. c. Constitutional challenges including weak institutions d. Absence of the rule of law, which induces corruption practices, nepotism, unaccountable crimes committed against the country, and lack of transparency and accountability. e. Human rights principles as enshrined in the Interim Constitution of South Sudan 2011; amended 2015 f. System and Forms of Government including unitary system, federal system, confederate systems, presidential, parliamentary and mixed systems, presidential and parliamentary, France’s example.

3. Socio-economic development a. Providing free, quality and universal education at all levels, as constructing/enhancing human capital capabilities is a critical step that will significantly scale up the level of creativity and innovation, which are the necessary ingredients, expected to foster accelerated economic development. b. Technical education must be a top priority. c. Provision of affordable and quality healthcare to cover all segments of South Sudan. d. Construction of schools, hospitals and healthcare centers across the country e. Build national boarding schools across the country in which students from different parts of South Sudan will be enrolled. f. Development of a unified syllabus for primary, secondary school and university g. Ineffective investment policies. h. Bad economic policies, including monetary policies that include unnecessary devaluation of national currency. These have led to a skyrocketing of inflation, falling living standards of South Sudanese people. i. Unpredictable political environment creates uncertainty for investors. j. Policy of empowerment of home-grown vibrant private sector entrepreneurship through preferential loan provision has to be initiated. k. High rate and multiple source of tax levying regimes do not create conducive investment environment. l. Tax collection is ineffective, and it is seriously marred by widespread corruption practices. m. Lack of basic economic infrastructure such as roads, schools, hospitals, power supply among others n. Corruption and embezzlement with impunity of public resources hamper government ability to invest in potential productive sectors, agriculture, mining and infrastructures. o. Inequitable distribution of national resources. p. Mismanagement of national resources has subjected citizens to abject poverty in the country.

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

4. Security sector reform and culture of rebellion a. SPLA reorganization that took place in the second half of 2005 was marred by serious deficiency and ineffectiveness. b. Unlimited integration of militias into SPLA since 2006. c. Rewarding rebels with high ranks disadvantages the SPLA proper, and affects force morale. d. Lack of equipment and other military requirements/amenities. e. The true size of the SPLA not known. f. Training has not been conducted to enhance its capabilities as modern and professional army. g. Human rights training for the SPLA is necessary. h. There is a need to develop clear doctrine and code of conduct and the rules of engagement tailored to reshape SPLA and to transform it into a modern and highly professional army. i. SPLA and organized forces were to be transformed to reflect the face of South Sudan; all communities should be represented in accordance with individual free will. j. Causes that ignite constant rebellions in the South Sudan require identification and properly analyzed. k. Policy of rewarding killers and destroyers needs a critical review. l. Identify remedial mechanisms aimed at eradicating the culture of rebellion in the country.

5. Civil service reform

a. The Civil service Act 2011 has to be fully implemented and its provisions strictly observed. b. Professionalism, work experience, character, commitment, irrefutable academic credentials and merit should be the only basis upon which civil servants are appointed c. Government should enact labour laws. d. Promotion of civil servants to high position has to be effected after a thorough appraisal of performance and character of the concerned Staff. e. Policy of capacity building of civil servant, training, both in-service and out service should be a top priority. f. Civil servants, like the army and other law enforcement agencies need to be kept out of politics.

6. Proliferation of small arms and light weapons among civil population in the country

a. Availability of small arms in the hands of unauthorized persons has created instability in the country—civilian deaths negatively impacts the work of local authorities due to insecurity encourages cattle raiding and rustling and child abduction and undermines the state ability to deliver basic social services and development projects b. A proper inventory of small arms possessed by unauthorized persons in South Sudan should be set up. c. The source of small arms and ammunition suppliers must be identified and punished severely.

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

d. Conduct sensitization and awareness raising campaigns among the communities on the negative impact small arms possession before implementing disarmament programme. e. Disarmament should be carried out comprehensively and simultaneously in all communities. f. Improve security across the country following disarmament.

7. National and cultural identity a. Redefine South Sudanese national identity (who we are and what binds us together). b. Identify and promote common cultural norms and values. c. National identity cards, passports and other official documents should not include details about the bearer backgrounds, such as community, state, Payam and Boma. d. Cultural and ethnic diversities are source of strength in South Sudan. e. South Sudan should create lingua franca out of their existing 64 or more national languages like in Somalia, Senegal and East African countries.

8. Foreign policy a. South Sudan needs to develop a focused foreign policy to ensure that its vital interests are safeguarded. b. While it is inevitable for the Republic of South Sudan to forge a balanced foreign policy, it is cardinally important to maintain strategic bilateral relations with core historical allies, such as Israel, the USA, Norway, Uganda, Ethiopia, Cuba, Nigeria, South Africa etc. c. Experienced diplomats of high caliber and prominent politicians should be deployed in strategic and important friendly countries. d. Merits, professionalism, academic credentials, experience, character and loyalty to the country should be the only guiding principles for appointing and deploying diplomats.

9. Abyei’s status a. South Sudan and the Sudan need to collaboratively engage to bring to address the plight of the people of Abyei. b. The two countries are duty bound to implement Abyei Protocol, the Hague ruling and the referendum results. c. Insecurity caused by SAF division 31 based in Difra, Arab Baggara and militia commander Thomas Thiel Malwal Awak should be jointly addressed by the two countries. Sudan should be made to compensate victims of past violations, including 2008 and 2011. d. Investigation of the killing of Dinka Ngok Paramount Chief Kuol Deng has to be completed and culprits brought to book. e. Twic and Ngok Dinka border requires an urgent solution before it escalates into a full- scale conflict. f. A conference should be organized to discuss lasting solutions to Ngok-Ngok internal conflicts.

PART THREE

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

DETAILED MINUTES OF THE GRASSROOT CONSULTATION Day one Deliberations (07/12/2017) 3.1 Introduction In this section, remarks during the reception and launching rallies are captured and documented. Moreover, the report summarizes key strands of views expressed during each consultation. The procedure and preliminary proceedings relating to protocol are dispensed with. At the end of discussions, day summary of emerging issues and recommendations by the stakeholders are presented. The National Dialogue Sub-committee for Abyei Region arrived on December 7, 2017 in Anet/Agok to a colorful reception by Abyei Administrative Area leadership, various groups of the community including women, youth, church-based groups, business people, students and the general public. From reception marked with a slaughtering of a bull, the committee and the officials of Abyei Administrative Area proceeded to an arranged rally ground to address the gathering on the National Dialogue and mandate of the sub-committee for Abyei Region. The function kicked off with the National Anthem. Then the speeches commenced. The chairman of the committee, Gen. Pieng Deng Kuol, delivered a moving speech, highlighting the fundamental objectives of the National Dialogue. He stressed the need for peace and reconciliation among others. Representatives of different stakeholders, the leadership of Abyei Administrative Area and selected members from the National Dialogue Abyei sub-committee also delivered remarkable pro-peace remarks. The administration and the community of Abyei expressed strong sentiments in support of the National Dialogue process and assure the committee of their full support to this important National cause. Details of full statements and remarks by each speaker during this function are elaborated in the section following 3.2 Detailed Individual Remarks Statements of each speaker are documented hereunder, near verbatim, for the records of the Dialogue process. In the reception rally representatives of various stakeholders; the government officials of Abyei Administrative Area and two from the committee were given a chance to address the rally. The speeches were predominantly focusing on the welcoming of the National Dialogue Sub-committee. The minister for Agriculture in Abyei Administrative Area government, who couples as the chairman of the high-level organizing committee for the welcoming of National Dialogue Sub- Committee for Abyei Region, delivered a statement of welcome to the committee leadership and its technical staffs. He expressed his warm welcome and pointed out the importance of the extensive diversity of the stakeholders that will constitute a good consultation atmosphere. He mentioned a few examples of women, youth, internally displaced persons (IDPs) that can provide a good source of vital information for the consultation process of National Dialogue in Abyei. And without any further ado, he concluded his remarks noting that the days of much talk will be the actual inaugural launching of the Dialogue process and during the consultation meetings. Nyanejieth, speaking on behalf of Pap Women group, also heartily welcomed the National Dialogue Sub-Committee for Abyei. She expressed her happiness and delight for the National

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

Dialogue as this presents the best opportunity for the grassrootss to express themselves freely and point out critical local, regional and national issues that are affecting the country. While pointing out the need to wait for the actual consultation day to express her will, she lamented the suffering that the women are undergoing in the whole country. Sultan Kuol Piok, one of the executive chiefs who represented the chiefs in the area joined the previous speakers in welcoming the members of the National Dialogue Sub-committee for Abyei region. In this regard, thanks the President of the Republic of South Sudan, Gen. Salva Kiir Mayardit, for the brilliant initiative of constituting a National Dialogue to address the root causes and fundamental problems of the country. He described the complex and cosmopolitan nature of the population in Abyei and how such a set up demonstrates the generous nature of the nine Ngok- Dinka chiefdoms. He pointed out the presence of internationally displaced persons, IDPs, from different communities in South Sudan as a symbol of this generosity. The commissioner of Rum-Amer, Mayot Kunit Miyen, in the same vein expressed his warm welcome remarks and assured the committee of a peaceful stay in Abyei. He stated that Abyei is a peaceful area where you sleep and move freely without security threats due to its stable security and harmonious atmosphere among its communities and the neighbors. He urged the entire Ngok- Atung Diak community and the people who are staying in Abyei to turn up in big numbers in order to attend this important process of the National dialogue. In his turn, the Acting SPLM Secretary for Abyei Special Administrative Area, Mr. Kiir Atem, expressed his heartfelt greetings and warm welcome to the members of the National Dialogue Sub-Committee for Abyei Region. Underscores the fact that it is not necessary to say much on the welcome while urging the citizens to support the dialogue process and point out critical issues affecting the republic of South Sudan with openness and transparency during the actual consultation sessions that are upcoming. However, he pointed out a serious issue over the status of Abyei Administrative area arising from the recent unfortunate remarks made by Bona Malual Madut in Khartoum. He condemned in the strongest terms possible that Abyei is not part of South Sudan as bogusly claimed by Malual Madut. Hon. Ayen Maguat, a member of the Sub-committee for Abyei Region and member of National Legislative Assembly, congratulated the administration and the people of Abyei for the colorful reception they have accorded the committee. She praised the dignified character and bravery of Ngok community. She expressed her heartfelt delight for being part of the Abyei Sub-committee for the National Dialogue. Pointing out that that she deliberately chose to come to Abyei because she feels a sense of belong to this great community. While condemning the reckless statements being released by a few individuals among the larger Dinka community over the status of Abyei, she urged the Ngok people to be vigilant, strong and determined because the whole of South Sudan supports them. The whole country is sympathetic of their status of Abyei. In her remarks, Hon. Nyaruach Pal Gai, the Deputy chairperson of the National Dialogue Sub- Committee for Abyei Region and Minister for Rural Development in Latjor state, also thanked the leadership and community of Abyei for the warm and great reception they accorded the committee. She pointed out her deliberate choice to come to Abyei as symbolic of her love for the people of Abyei. In conclusion she urged the people to turn out in numbers to speak their minds during the consultation meetings freely.

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

The Chief Administrator for Abyei Special Administrative Area, Hon. Kuol Alor Kuol in his welcome statement, congratulated, His Excellency, the President of the Republic of South Sudan, Gen. Salva Kiir Mayardit for initiating the National Dialogue and sending Gen. pieng Deng Kuol to head the Sub-committee for Abyei Region. He assures his administration’s full support to the committee and urges to feel at home in Abyei. While he condemned the unfortunate statement released by Bona Malual Madut over the status of Abyei, he expressed happiness in the diversity in the member of the Sub-committee that is symbolic of the unity of South Sudanese regarding the cause of Abyei. In this regard, he appealed to the nine chiefdoms of Dinka Ngok to remain strong and determined because the positive stand of all the South Sudanese people. Finally, Gen. Pieng Deng Kuol took the stage to congratulate the leadership of Abyei, led by the Chief Administrator, Hon. Kuol Alor Kuol, and Ngok community for the warm welcome accorded to his committee. Delivered a message of greetings from the leadership of the National Dialogue led by Mulana Abel Alier Kuai and co-chaired by Angelo Beda. Thanked the members of the committee and the technical secretariat staff for enduring a hard journey from Juba through Wau, Kuajok, to Abyei. Explains the choice to join Abyei team by members from different regions and communities of South Sudan as indicative of their love for Abyei. He then explained the background context of the national Dialogue as an initiative by the president of the Republic of South Sudan to address the national crisis. It might have been on the radios and television, but it is good to articulate the historical origin of the idea. The idea was conceived in October 2016 and taken to the parliament in May 2017 when the members were sworn in. Basically, the president has realized that all the agreements and political settlements of differences have always focused on power sharing and personal interests of the individual politicians and leaders. It excludes the vast majority of the citizenry, the common man. Therefore, it is good to initiative the National Dialogue to hear the views of the common south Sudanese at the grassrootss. In order to guarantee an efficient and effective dialogue process, one of the strategies is to install prominent, high profile and respected South Sudanese personalities in the top leadership of the Dialogue. Therefore, the appointment of such characters as Abel Alier, Angelo Beda, Dr. Francis Mading Deng, Bona Malual Madut and many others into the leadership of the National Dialogue. The structure of the National Dialogue comprises of the leadership, the rapporteur and fifteen (15) sub-committees that will carry out the grassroots consultation. The grassrootss consultations go up to county levels and shall form the local level of the National Dialogue process. From the consultations at the grassroot level delegates to form the regional conference will be drawn. The regional conference will then select delegates to the national. He explained the stakeholders that will be part of the consultation process in each county. The president promised strongly to be bound by the recommendations and solutions to the national crisis suggested in the dialogue and assure the citizens to implement them in letter and spirit. He then explained the ten (10) fundamental objectives of the National dialogue one by one. 3.3 Official Launching of the grassroots consultations Day Two Deliberations (08/12/2017) 3.4.1 Meeting with Abyei Area Leadership

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

The National Dialogue Sub-committee for Abyei Region commenced its official meeting with the Administration of Abyei Administrative Area. The meeting kicked at 11:00 am before official launching of the consultation scheduled later that day. The Chief Administrator for Abyei Administrative Area welcomed Gen. Pieng Deng Kuol to brief the leadership of Abyei Administration on the program and its objectives, and strategies. He explained the importance of the diversity in the team for its symbolic unity of the country. He pointed out that the program is purely grassroots consultation and that the agenda for the regional and national levels of the dialogue program will come from these consultation meetings, he explained. He stated that delegates would be identified in each consultation from all the stakeholders that will participate in the regional and national dialogue. In relation to the stakeholders, he stated that the NDSC would consult with different stakeholders—elders, women, disabled & persons with special needs, civil society, youth, other political parties, business community, administration, legislature and others.

Dr. Riak Gok expounded on the objectives and principles of the National Dialogue and underlined that the broader objectives of the National Dialogue are to end all violent conflicts in South Sudan, constitute national consensus, and save the country from disintegration and foreign interference. MR Gok also set out the principles governing the ND and observed that they were free to add new region-specific objectives to the NDSC’s work and for Abyei, the most pressing issue was its status as a territory. He then set out the full timetable of the consultations in Abyei noting that the NDSC would start off in Rum-Amer then move on to Alel, Mijak, and Amenh-Aguok counties and then wrap up in Abyei town. Other leaders—notably Hon Kom Kom, Hon Asha Abbas, Hon Peter Longole, First Lady Hon Monicah Ayen Maguat, Chief Adminsitrator of Abyei Hon Kuol Alor Kuol, Nyuol Paguot, Sultan Akono took turns to speak before the official launch of the consultations was conducted at 4PM at Cuei Ayak Freedom Square in Abyei town byGen Gen. Pieng Deng Kuol. Uncle Apac Deng Biong, an elder had welcomed the guests while Anger Ngor Chol spoke on behalf of women. Sultan Akonon spoke for Ngok-Dinka chiefdoms while Izidin Ismail Malek, Abyei Town Mayor, had welcomed th Committee. Others that spoke briefly at the ceremony include Hon. Dr. Riak Deng, speaker of Abyei Area State Legislative Assembly, Hon. Nyanruach Pal Gai, NDSC deputy chairperson. The Chairperson Gen Pieng Dieng Kuol urged participants to speak freely, particularly on the status of Abyei. He noted that it was not part of the specific objectives of the national dialogue but is no less important.

3.4 FIRST CONSULTATION MEETING (AGOK, RUM-AMER COUNTY) Day Three Deliberations (09/12/2017) FIRST GRASSROOT CONSULTATION MEETING AT AGOK IN RUM-AMER COUNTY

On the first day of consultations in Rum-Amer, the Regional Committee consulted with county authorities, elders, chiefs and intellectuals.1 Discussion was moderated by Hon. Kom Kom & Hon.

1 Mario Nyok Deng (intellectual); Abuna Biong (religious father, intellectual), Chan Piok Deng (Administrator), Sultan Alei Dau Yuot (Chief), Sultan Kuol Piok (Chief), Sultan Arop Kuol 21

Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

Asha Abbas. To kickstart the meeting, Hon Abbas read out the seven (7) guiding questions and explained them to the participants. Participants were urged to raise problems or issues but also propose solutions.

Emerging issues and concerns identified by stakeholders:

 Implementation of undemocratic by prominent SPLM leaders that discriminated others and triggered the crisis in 2013.  Root causes of conflict in South Sudan are: bad governance and lack of rule of law; undemocratic machination within the SPLM party; conflation of party and state as well as the intermingling of personnel between the SPLM and SPLA  adoption of foreign cultures such the as the East African cultures  Tribalism is fundamental problem of RSS  High poverty and poor living conditions coupled with a near total lack of infrastructure— roads, schools, industries  Poor or near-absent service delivery  Poor institutions and lack of accountability are key concerns. Corruption and lack of accountability in all institutions such courts, finance institutions among others.  The relationship between the army and the citizens is bad. Weak people in the society are abused and robbed of their rights.  Disconnect between national leaders and grassroots people and conditions  The SPLM has lost its way since the siging of the the CPA in 2005—it is fragmented along tribal lines, no longer has the people’s interests at heart  The stalemate over the status of Abyei is the most pressing problem for Ngok Dinka, it remains unresolved since 1972 Addis Ababa talks when it was granted autonomy. The refusal by the Government of South Sudan to recognize the 2013 referendum was a letdown for the people of Abyei—there is a need to urgently determine the Area’s status. Recalling the sacrifices many Abyei residents that contributed to the SPLA’s armed struggle against Khartoum, a majority of speakers decried the sense of abandonment by GOSS that they feel post 200.  Inter-Dinka disputes, particularly between Twic and Ngok Dinka disputes over land have wrought much suffering on the people of Abyei.  Failure to implement peace agreements  Proliferation of small arms is one major cause for intra-tribal and inter-tribal conflicts, cattle raiding, looting, robbery, road ambushes and all sorts of crimes.  The sidelining of revolutionary leaders in favor advisors formerly based in Khartoum could be responsible for some of the bad decisions because the president is not well advised.

(Chief), Sultan Chol Deng Mathiang (Chief), Sultan Ring Makuac Dheng (chief), Yak Acuil (Elder), Sultan Kuol Piok Malou (chief), Mangeth Deng (Elder), Kor Dau Jok (Elder), Sultan Alel Chol Deng (Chief), John Paul Makuac (intellectual), Angelo Malou Mading (elder), Sultan Kuol Lueth Kuol (Chief), Majok Bol (elder), Arop Ayuel Wuol (Administrator), Hon. Mayot Kunit Miyen (Commissioner of Rum-Amer County), Hon. Kuol Alor Kuol (Chief Administrator, Abyei Area)

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Proposed Solutions:

 A permanent national constitution should be enacted  the people in power must respect laws. Strict observation of the rule of law should be the foundation of governance in South Sudan  The army must be a professional army  Need for Social transformation and decent civilization  Government should try to rebuild a strong social contract between itself and the citizens; the National Dialogue is a good step forward.  Politicians should empower citizens so that power is acquired through the vote  The president of South Sudan should resign so that the people of South Sudan can elect a capable leader that can restore their unity once again.  There should be respect laws and rule of law by the polictical leaders. They should serve with integrity without abuse of power.  Separate the SPLA, the national army, from party politics and re-organize and orient them to behave as a national army.  The president and the government of South Sudan should prioritize the determination of the political status of Abyei.  Abyei should be made a subject of national peace conferenece, and effort should be made to resolve it as soon as possible.  Twic-Ngok border issue should be determined in a regional conference between Twic and Ngok communities so that it is solved finally  Reconciliation between President Salva Kiir Mayardit and Dr. Riek Machar Teny is crucial to ending the ongoing conflict in South Suda.  Elections should be held as soosn as possible to resolve leadership contests.

3.5 SECOND CONSULTATION MEETING AT AGOK, RUM-AMER COUNTY Day Four Deliberations (11/12/2017) In its second consultation in Rum-Amer County held at Agok, the regional committee of the NDSC consulted women, youths, farmers, faithbased groups, other political parties and civil society organizations.2 The meeting was moderated by Nyaruach Pal, Nyankuach and Dr. Riak Gok. Again, participants were urged to raise problems or issues but also propose solutions.

2 Ayak Chol (Women), Nyok Ngor Mathiang (Youth), Abraham Ring Deng (Youth & teacher), Deng Aruu Agoth (Youth), Silvia Aluel Dau Manyiel (Women), Nyanejieth Chan Mijak (Women chair Rum-Amer County), Apiny Ayiik Miyom (women), Afaf Arop Ajiing (women chair in Abyei), Arop Michar Mathiang (Youth), Akuei Mangok (women), Ajak Ngor Thon (Youth), Atong Chol Makuach, Akon Luar Aguek (Youth), Dukan Lueth Kuol (Youth), Athony Kuethpiny Atem (youth), David Deng (Teacher/youth), Awuou Ring Makuei (woman), Francis Deng Dau (Youth), Nyaneguek Dau Deng Lual (women), Arop (youth), Kuol Piok Ador (Farmer), Marial 23

Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

Emerging issues and concerns identified by stakeholders:

 The determination of the political status of Abyei region is paramount concern for an overwhelming majority of the residents of Abyei.  The SPLM party has lost its vision and mission but the differences and internal power struggle within the SPLM party can be resolved with dialogue. Speakers saw the perceived marginalization of ‘true’ revolutionaries and their replacement by individuals linked to Khartoum or tribal councils as source of problems in the regime in Juba because ‘they have misled the president’.  Some see the adoption of a federal system of governance without full understanding its principles as problematic, while another speaker see this as a failure of the SPLM/A to define an appropriate system of governance after the independence of the country.  Weak institutions—National Legislative Assembly and the army—was a constant refrain. One speaker decried the ‘replacement’ of the NLA with partisan tribal councils of leaders, which has heightened tribalism. The commitment of MPs was a source of concern of some who cited absenteeism in parliament.  Speakers revisited the issue of intra-Dinka conflicts in Abyei. Several speakers noted that all nine of the Ngok-Dinka sections used to coexist but land related conflicts, and partisan leadership were said to be at the root of conflicts. It was suggested that leaders ‘unilaterally selecte[d[ from Juba to administer Abyei ‘have divided up the people’ and that Abyei administration could be run more democratically. Some praised Hon. Chol Deng Alak, the former Chief Administrator for achieving a lot including opening Amiet market at the border with Sudan while blaming current Chief Administrator Hon. Kuol Alor Kuol for fostering divisions and tribalism.

 The lack of social services and infrastructure was raised by many speakers. Citing current levels of production, speakers cited low agricultural production in Abyei as a serious problem. Although WFP has stepped into the gap by supporting women, some see food aid as a problem because it ‘has discouraged the farming’. One called on the government to ‘prioritize agricultural production genuinely’, and ‘to increase support to agriculture since it is the backbone of the economy’.

 South Sudanese lack a sense of nationalism and patriotism. The leaders lack capacity to run the country. People rebel if not given positions in government. There is a deeply rooted tribalism and nepotism. Power struggle among the leader is intense.

 The constitutional clause that assigns the land ownership to the communities has become a great cause of disputes and conflicts over land across the country.  Lack of budget and a unified syllabus for Abyei region  Appeasement rebellious renegades with senior ranks in the army and senior positions in government.

Luk Mayol Majok (Famrer), Kuol Dau Deng (Farmer), Chol Changath Chol (Trader/businessman), Mangar Nyol Paguor (businessman), Manyiel Chegip (Nuer in Rum-Amer), Mayuen kon (Famer), Lang Mijak Ater (Cattle keeper), Nyanejith Chan (women).

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

 Speakers also cited several issues related to the economy and the welfare of the people of Abyei notably—poor revenue collection that has contributed to an underperforming economy and high rates of unemployment, especially among the youth.

Recommended Solutions by the Participants:

 SPLM party factions, SPLM IO, SPMM DC, SPLM FDs and SPLM IG, should negotiate a political settlement of their differences and re-unite in order for peace to be realized in the country.  The tribally established councils of elders such as the Jieng Council of Elders, Nuer Council of Elders and Equatoria Council of Elders must be abolished immediately.  The SPLM party must redefined its vision and mission so that it runs the country well  Amendment should be made to the constitutional clause that gives the communities the right to land ownership. The government should own the land.  The government of South Sudan should finance the education sector in Abyei and extend its syllabus to the region  The national army should be re-organized into a conventional national army and managed properly  The government of South Sudan should speed up the determination of the political status of Abyei region  The central government should develop effective laws and hold individuals accountable for abuse of power, embezzlement of public resources and other inappropriate behavior.

3.6 THIRD CONSULTAION MEEETING (ALEL COUNTY) Day Five Deliberations (12/12/2017) In third consultation, the regional committee of the NDSC travelled to Alel County where it consulted county leadership, traditional leaders/chiefs, elders and intellectuals.3 The meeting was moderated by Hon. Asha Abbas, Hon. Kom Kom and Hon. Peter Longole. Hon. Asha Abbas served as the master of ceremony of the day. Again, participants were urged to raise problems or issues but also propose solutions. Emerging issues and concerns identified by stakeholders:

 The status of Abyei continued to dominate consultations—many expressed the view that Abyei is neglected by the government of South Sudan. They cited the failure to address insecurity along the border with Twic in South Sudan and with Sudan to the north as prime

3 Hon. Aguar Ajak (Commissioner of Alel County), Sultan Acuil Juoc Dak (chief), Sultan Ring Ajak (chief), Akonon Ajuong (intellectual), Kuol Alor Makuach (intellectual), Bith Ajak Malual (administrator), Amuol Deng (administrator), Chan Chol kuol (elder), Ayuak Malual Chol (elder), Ring Alor Deng Awak (elder), Atem Arop Malual Atem (elder), Bol Chan Deng (elder), Sultan Nyuet Nyok (chief), Chok Deng Kuol (elder), Sultan Nyok Deng Akuong (chief), Sultan Deng Chol Piok (Chief), Ajak AKon Wel (elder), Sultan Chol Ajuong (chief)

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

examples. The community is hemmed in between Sudanese forces to the North and Thomas Thiel’s South Sudan United Movement that is aligned to Khartoum, and they have been constant victims of incursions from both ends. It was suggested, for instance, that South Sudan could embed plainclothes security personnel along its northern border—as Sudan apparently does, it was proposed.  Speakers also complained about a range of ills that they contended bedevil both South Sudan and Abyei:  o Lack if vision within the ruling SPLM party o Internal power struggle within the SPLM party and SPLA. o Nepotism and tribalism o Neglect of revolutionary cadres that survived the war their alienation from power. Speakers punted Abyei’s contribution to the liberation of South Sudan, noting that out of 75 Njok Ndinka that joined the SPLA, one survived. Several women said they had ‘been in the bush’, a euphemism for war. o The fact that many leaders have sent their families to study and live and that this had made them unresponsive to the plight of ordinary people who lacked access to healthcare, infrastructure, schools and are exposed to the vagaries of conflict.

3.7 FOURTH CONSULTATION MEETING (AKACNHIAL, ALEL COUNTY) Day Six Deliberations (13/12/2017) In its fourth consultation, the regional committee met with women, youth, civil society organizations, farmers/cattle keepers, other political parties, religious groups and business people.4 The meeting was moderated by Hon. Nyaruach Pal Gai, Hon. Nyankuach Ngor and Dr. Riak Gok Majok.

Th unresolved question of Abyei’s status dominated interventions by participants. Residents expressed their disappointment with Juba’s unwillingness to secure the residents from incursions by armed actors from Sudan as well as arrest insecurity blamed on militias from Twic in Suth Sudan. It was suggested that the Abyei Area administration is underfunded. While we could not verify the report, one speaker noted that since 2015, there had been no budget allocation to Abyei and that the administration had been operating on the initial grant estimated at $24m. It was further contended that the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning had reportedly chit to SSP 24,

4 Mayuang Mijak (faith-based), Daniel Ayach Bol (Business man), Mechdi Mayol (trader/business man), Mayuen Aguer (Farmer), Simon Ayok Makul Deng (faith based), Abiong Ajuong (woman), Chok Madut Nyiec (farmer), Achuol Deng (cattle keeper), Kuol Aguek Biong (youth), Ring Deng Kuol (youth), Arop Monyejur (youth), Atong Abyei (women), Chol Deng Acuil (Farmer), Acuil Pajok (woman), Ring Deng Nyok (farmer), Anei Ajak Malual (farmer), Nyankor Mijak Tong (woman), Wol Akonon (youth), Deng Ayom (youth), John Ajang Kiir (youth)

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

000,000 per annum instead of the US dollars. The reduced budget for Abyei is just an equivanece of one county budget in the Republic of South Sudan. This is yet another clear indication that the government of South Sudan does not care about Abyei.

Speakers recommended that the SPLM should negotiate a peacefull settlement to their internal differences and give peace a chance. Several speakers were not thrilled by President Kiir, believeing that he could do more to resolve the Abyei issue and the border dispute between Twic and Ngok Dinka. They wondered why he has never visited and some recommended that he should resign President Salva Kiir Mayardit should resign and handover power “to another person who can unite South Sudanese”.

3.8 FIFTH CONSULTATION MEETING (ABATHOK, MIJAK COUNTY) Day Seven Deliberations (14/12/2017) The fifth consultation in Abyei was held at Abathok in Mijak County. The Abyei committee consulted county officials, traditional leaders, chiefs, elders and intellectuals.5 The meeting was moderated by Hon. Asha Abbas, Hon. Kom Kom and Hon. Peter Longole.

Emerging issues and views:

 Nepotism in which relatives, political cronies and sycophants are appointed is a very serious issue. This is a form of corruption, one of the main causes of the national crisis and the ongoing conflict in the country.  The current system of government although not inherently bad is not working well because the constitution has been abandoned. All systems of governance such as federalism, parliamentary system and others have their advantages and disadvantages.  Abyei has many challenges also because the constitution is not respected here. We need positions in SPLM and when people are excluded—either because they cannot make it to the SLPM party list or through exclusion—some of our sons resort to the NCP (work with Khartoum). The 2008 and 2011 conflicts in Abyei, led to the June agreement, which brought UNISFA here.

5 Nyuot Chol (elder), Sultan Achan Kur Aguek (chief), Sultan Monyluak Ajuong (chief), Mawut Deng Kur (elder), Sultan Majok Kuol Lual (chief), Sultan Maget Makuach (chief), Daniel Monyror (intelltectual), Sultan Malith Ajak Ajing (Chief), Chol Adhol Majok (intellectual, former commissioner of Mijak County), Bol Bol Majith (elder), Wut Ayuel Manyang (elder), Chol Deng Akonon (elder from Mareng community), Chol Deng Alak (former Chief Administrator, intellectual), Yak Malek Yak (elder)

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

 The Bashir-led government should be held accountable for the destruction of Abyei—damaged houses, schools and health centers among others. Instead, he was appeased with the June agreement, in which there is a joint administration consisting of 40% of the executive wing to NCP and 60% to SPLM. Khartoum also does not like AJOC that administers Abyei.  Jostling over traditional leadership in Abyei is another issue that has created tension among the nine Ngok chiefdoms. Some people want a paramount chief that will be the senior most to all others, but many are opposed to this set up. The current chief administrator Hon. Kuol Alor Kuol, has appointed members of parliament alone. This is unconstitutional and is one reason why we have differences in Abyei. These issues should reach the desk of the president.  Our cows have no grazing land; the Sudanese army has taken over the northern part of Abyei where Arabs herds find grazing land while ours do not.  There is a need to change the administrative system in Abyei—the president appoints a governor/chief administrator for a period of two years. We are at a loss: who appoints and removes governors for us—is it President Kiir or some other person or group with vested interest? How can you keep appointing and relieving leaders without giving a budget for any project that could require accountability?  It is necessary to undertake a disarmament program in Abyei. Proliferation of small arms is a danger to the country, but the threat from Sudan is real.

Recommended Solutions by the Stakeholders

 Abyei status determination requires the decision of the citizens of Abyei. This requires convening a general conference for the Ngok community to determine the Abyei issue and to also settle internal issues.  Need for respect of the constitution in governing the country  There should be term limit in the constitution so that the people, according to their own will, elect leaders into power.  The SPLM is supposed to have clear policies on development and governance in general, policies on education, policies on health and all other aspects of development.  Govern by the rule of law and allow democratic principles to guide the political discourse in the country.  Disarmament of the civil population in the country is one major solution to stopping the conflict in South Sudan.

3.9 SIXTH CONSULTATION MEETING (ABATHOK, MIJAK COUNTY) Day Eight Deliberations (15/12/2017) During the sixth consultation in Abyei that was held at the same venue, Abathok in Mijak County, the Abyei committee consulted Women, youth, civil society organizations, farmers/cattle keepers,

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other political parties, religious groups and business people.6 The meeting was moderated by Hon. Asha Abbas, Hon. Kom Kom and Hon. Peter Longole.

Speakers echoed the same themes voiced in previous consultations notably:

 They place great importance on the resolution of the question of the status of Abyei, including contested claims over territory with Khartoum. Failure to resolve claims has a daily impact on their lives. They feel that senior government officials in South Sudan that have pronounced themselves on the question lack information, and their utterances could harm their cause. They take great exception to being called ‘Arabs’, an appellation that they feel is calculated to ‘otherize’ them —locally to portray them as foreigners and nationally to justify inaction on the part of Juba.  The need to for the SPLM party to re-unify (re-unification of the so called Garang vs Kiir boys)  Respect for the rule of law and the constitution Eliminate the military’s influence in politics—"the army and politics should be separated. One speaker observed that if there is good living in the army, there would be no need for the army to look for political affiliation. They would be standing neutral amidst political squabbles. The army should be organized and equipped, made a national army rather than a collection of militia.

 Some speakers recalled that the fight for liberty and dignity was unified fight of all tribes without distinction—“there was no tribal alienation as to Dinka, Nuer, Bari, Mundari or any other tribe. Tribalism and lost of our revolutionary objectives are the main causes of the ongoing senseless war. We fought so that our women, children and the entire citizenry be liberated and to live dignified, decent lives”.  The cause of the conflict in South Sudan is lack of respect for the code of arms: Justice, Equality and Prosperity. We have allowed tribalism, nepotism, political cronyism, hatred and ethnic bigotry to burry these vital ideals and principles that keep us together.  Employment should be based on merit— that is—on capabilities and qualifications rather than nepotism and tribalism. Our youth have a very dark future amidst these vices unless we change our attitude.  The ongoing conflict in the Republic of South Sudan is squarely the failure of leadership. Poor governance characterized by corruption, tribalism, nepotism, lack of respect for the constitution and the rule of law are the ones tearing down the country

6 Salva Akonon (faith based), Kat Chol (businessman), Atim Mayak Acak (young lady—youth), JAlel Ayom Deng (youth), Ngor Mabok Deng (cattle keeper), Makuach Chol Makuach (farmer— Manyuar section), Acuil (farmer), Nyanthak Ngor (Women), Nyankiir Deng (young lady/youth), Nyanchol (Woman—Mareng), Abiong Mou (women, Mareng section), Aguek Lual (youth, Mareng section), Aguek Baget Aguek (youth), Bol Ring Deng (youth), Francis Nyok Bol (youth).

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

 On welfare, the government should pay the pension due to war martyrs. Equally, the delay in paying salaries is so bad. Salaries delayed for six months and later on only one month or two months is paid. The salaries of the civil servants are too little. Sometimes even SSP 1000, which cannot support families.  The problem of South Sudan is illiteracy. The people of South Sudan are always proud of identifying themselves as tribes. This is sheer illiteracy. Second lack of tolerance. The problem is leadership failure in Juba.

 One speaker complained about the plight of girls. Reportedly, the Girl Child Education South Sudan project (GESS) does not cover Abyei, and young girls have left schools and are forced to sell tea in Amiet market on the border with Sudan.  The failure to invest in agriculture is a clear indication that the government of South Sudan has failed. Development cannot kick off without agriculture as the engine of production. It is agriculture that can let us revitalize our tattered economy and avert the current economic crises.

 The presidential system we are applying now is a good system being followed by many countries over the world. We only need to respect the constitution and respect the rule of la

 President Bashir sends his soldiers, in disguise, to guard the Missereyia cattle. They come with guns in civilian clothes to protect their northern brothers. They murder our people. But the government of South Sudan has done nothing like that for us. We are suffering. Recommended Solutions by the Stakeholders

 The government of the Republic of South Sudan should make the issue of determination of the political status of Abyei a national priority.  Internal issues of Abyei require a general conference of the people of Abyei.  Need for conference with the Twic community and discuss an amicable settlement of the border dispute.  Respect the constitution and the rule of law and govern the country according to the constitution.  Allow an all-inclusive political participation in which a multiparty system of governance is encouraged.  Building tolerance, love, and unity among the South Sudanese through inculcating values of nationalism into the minds of our children in schools.  South Sudanese should discourage tribalism, tribal bigotry, hatred and intolerance in order to be peaceful and prosperous.  Dialogue among the South Sudanese is the way forward for solving problems. We must be able to make concessions to one another and forgive each other, reconcile with one another.  Should have a unified syllabus in the Republic of South Sudan where nationalism should be taught to our children in basic schools

3.10 SEVENTH CONSULTATION MEETING (ABYEI TOWN, AMETH-AGUOK COUNTY) Day Nine Deliberations (16/12/2017) 30

Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

During the seventh grassroot consultation meeting held in Abyei in Abyei Town, Ameth-Aguok County, the regional committee consulted count leaders, traditional leaders, chiefs and intellectuals.7 The meeting was moderated by Hon. Asha Abbas, Hon. Kom Kom Geng and Hon. Peter Longole.

Emerging Issues:

 The issue of Abyei’s status and how its people fit in the evolving national identities continued to dominate proceedings. Residents of Abyei emphasized their proud identity as South Sudanese. They emphasized that they are part and parcel of South Sudan— they assert that they are “culturally, linguistically and everything South Sudanese.” That they fought for the rights and liberation of South Sudan. One speaker noted that “we are determined to move on and find a final solution for the political status of Abyei by all means possible. We are 100% South Sudanese”.  One emphasized their Dinka identity thus: “We are Dinka. We are South Sudanese. There are Dinka who are scarified; others are not. Others are circumcised; others are not. Others have their teeth removed; others are not. But all are Dinka in their diversity.  Many see the national problem in South Sudan as a struggle for power in a context of lack of rule of law, greed and lack of accountability personified in the neglect of the constitution.  Lack of inclusion—nurtured by a sense of entitlement among a section of South Sudanese leadership—is at the core of the problem. One speaker noted in this regards that “the revolutionary veterans, majorly, have failed to recognize the contributions of the rest of the South Sudanese who were with them in the bush. The idea of always saying, ‘we fought the war’, makes others feel neglected. The SPLM has been greedy with the positions and benefits of the independence. They alienate other South Sudanese from the center of power on the basis that they were not there when the liberation struggle was being fought”.  SPLM has lost its vision and mission. The ruling party has encouraged tribalism, corruption, nepotism and many other aspects of poor governance. The internal differences, division and split within the SPLM into antagonistic splinter groups are the major cause of the conflict that has destroyed our country.

 The army is not professionally organized. It is tribally oriented and has no national ideology. They should be organized well. SPLM has lost its vision and mission. The ruling party has encouraged tribalism, corruption, nepotism and many other aspects of poor governance.

7 Atiop Acuol Nyok (elder), Nyok Arop Kac (elder—Alei Section), Shiek Kuol Rou Deng (chief), Agel Chol Manyiel (elder—Alei section), Sultan Diany Deng Agok (chief—Alei), Deng Mayuak Rou (chief—Bongo), Lual Miyen Kuol Lual (intellectual), Adior Chol (woman--intellectual), Sultan AYuel Mwien Ikuec (chief_ alei section), Sultan Kueth Manyuol Kueth (chief—Bongo section), Dau Mareng Kueth (intellectual—Bongo section), Sultan Lual Nyok (chief—Alei section), Sultan Nyol Paguot Deng (chief—Bongo section), Ayom Atet Ayom (intellectual).

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

 The Abyei administration is not doing a good job. Hon. Kuol Alor, the Chief Administrator’s arrival is said to have triggered many problems. There is mismanagement of the Amiet Market incomes. Dollars have been given to individuals, but we are not being considered in these dollar allocations. Why is this not used to help us, the citizens, to train our children in the schools? Moreover, there are other serious issues with the management of resources in the area involving the leadership of the administration. The Minister of Finance and his group who mismanages the funds should be held accountable.

 In the formation of the administration of Abyei, power-sharing principle have not been considered. The ministers, the secretary general and other positions should be well spread to reflect the face of the entire Ngok community. This has not been the case in the current administration. Many people have come from only one section. These are sources of conflicts across the country.

 Women are not represented. We need the chief administrator to be deputized by a woman. We want a woman to be a deputy minister of finance. At the county level at Ameth-Aguok must also consider representation of women. The committee for Ameth-Aguok county should have a woman as a deputy.

 On the internal administration of Abyei area, we do not want it to be discussed in Juba. We sat last time as Ngok and developed a strategy on how to run our affairs and govern ourselves, but the Chief Administrator cancelled our resolutions.

 We will support the National Dialogue so that our message is sent to the president regarding these serious internal issues. We would like to convene a conference like this to iron out the issues of Abyei. The current administration in Abyei has created a lot of problems.

 Internal issues between Bongo and Alei are serious—this concern is raised with the Chief Administrator to convene a meeting to resolve these differences amicably.

 The conflict between Ngok and Twic is serious although historically the two communities have co-existed. We need an urgent amicable solution to this internal border dispute.

 On the relationship between political administration of Abyei and chiefs, one notes that the involvement of traditional chiefs in the political affairs of the state is one of the major crises in our state. It is not possible for the chiefs to evaluate politicians on financial and administrative grounds. Payams are headed by Payam Administrator, not chiefs. It is not within the chief’s mandate.

 Residents also decry lack of democracy in Abyei, and what they see as the usurpation of their power by the Chief Administrator: “On the internal power sharing in the administration of Abyei area, the chief administrator should have allowed the people to lead the process of selection of Members of Parliament in to the state parliament. But Hon. Kuol Alor Kuol, the chief administrator, went ahead to appoint individuals into parliament without consulting with their constituencies. When we ask why he does it unconstitutionally as such, he said the ones he selected know politics. How can this be?”

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

 The MPs are not elected in Abyei and are not representative of the communities of Abyei. They do nothing for us because the powerful families from Abior selected and appointed them into parliament.

 The fundamental problem of South Sudan is lack of established institutions. The ruling SPLM party has no basic structural and institutional foundations of governance. This led to differences and divisions within the party. This is essentially the cause to the ongoing war.

 Grievances over the internal governance issues in Abyei area regarding management of financial resources, power sharing and land issues.  The infiltration of then Khartoum based politicians into the center of power in the Republic of South Sudan is one of the major causes of the ongoing conflict. These guys planned and effected the divisions within the SPLM party, which triggered the current civil war.  The president of South Sudan, Gen. Salva Kiir Mayardit, has governed the country poorly and is the cause of all the problems in the country. He allowed corruption and lawlessness to prevail without accountability. He has allowed SPLM party to lose its vision and mission and split into factions fighting each other.  The presidential system of governance may be the problem in our current setup.  The establishment of Jieng Council of Elders has contributed to the ongoing conflict in South Sudan.

Recommended solutions:

 The president and the entire government to prioritize a way of finding a solution to the determination of the political status of Abyei area.  The government of South Sudan should find an immediate solution to stiffen the security threat at the northern border.  There should be a conference between the Twic and Ngok communities to amicably resolve this contentious internal border dispute.  Appeal to the Chief Administrator to address internal issues of power-sharing, management and administrative malpractices in Abyei  The SPLM factions should sit down on a negotiation table, to bring peace, re-unite, reconcile and redefine their Vision and Mission in order to govern the country well.  A parliamentary system of government would be more suitable in South Sudan so that the MPs are able to control the president.  The President of the Republic of South Sudan, Gen. Salva Kiir Mayardit, should resign to give peace a chance in the country.

3.11 EIGHTH CONSULTATION MEETING (ABYEI TOWN, AMETH- AGUOK COUNTY) Day Ten Deliberations (18/12/2017) During the second grassroots consultation in Abyei town, Ameth-Aguok County, and the eighth in Abyei, the committee consuted with women, youth, civil society organizations, farmers/cattle

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keepers, other political parties, religious groups and business people.8 The meetings was moderated by Hon. Nyankuach Ngor, Hon. Monica Ayen Maguat and Dr. Riak Gok Majok. Emerging Issues:

 On the contentious issue of Abyei, it is acknowledged that there seems not be obvious solution, given what has transpired until now: the Abyei Protocol in the 2005 CPA, to Abyei Boundary Commission, Permanent Court of arbitration, and the referendum of 2013. Some speaker think that the only solution is the implementation of the results of the referendum, in which 99% expressed their desire to be part of South Sudan. They believe that the Republic of South Sudan should recognize the result and declare Abyei as its political territory and lobby the international community to endorse the outcome. As an alternative, which should be activated I Juba fails to act, numerous speakers argued for the adoption of the proposal of Dr. Francis Mading Deng for a self-governance of Abyei area.

 Abandonment of the constitution and neglect for the rule of law has immensely contributed to the crisis in the country. We should respect the rule of law, re-unite and reconcile the SPLM leadership.

 For multiparty democracy to flourish in the country, the constitution must be implemented to the letter. The political parties in the opposition should stand-alone and be independent but not affiliated to the SPLM, as it appears to be now.

 The army must be separated from party politics. The SPLA should be a national army but not the army for the SPLM alone. There should be a sense of neutrality of the army from mainstaream national politics.

 Arbitrary arrests and dismissals of people from offices are rampant here in Abyei. There is a need for a conference for the entire Ngok to iron out these issues. These are serious grievances facing the Ngok community.

 The fundamental problem of South Sudan is the neglect and lack of respct for the constitution and other laws of the land. The ruling SPLM party champions all this mess.

 The democratic principles and the constitution have been seriously violated by the SPLM. The president of the Republic of South Sudan has completely abandoned the constitution and the rule of law. He has stifled all the attempts to follow democracy.

 The national parliament is neglected, and the President runs the country with the resolutions they develop in the council of ministers.

8 Acting commissioner (Dut Piok Alor), Miokol Chol (farmer), Athak Yol Dhieu (woman— bongo), Paguot Nyok Paguot (youth), Kuol Miyen Lual (farmers), Buk Dau Maguek (youth), Kuol Ajang Lual (farmer), Yuot (cattle keeper), Mayak Ajak Abdallah (farmer), Deng Chol Bar (young), Ajing Akol (youth), Deng Aguek Ajuong (businessman), Elder (named not Captured), Apiu Manyiel (woman—Bongo section), Arual Bol Deng (woman leader Amenh-Aguok—Alei), Nyanbol Dau Thou (old woman), Nyanbic Wol (woman), Achai Deng Kuol (woman), Rou Manyiel Rou (youth), Chol Mieyn Lual (youth), Tor Arop Kuol Wol (farmer), Manyiel Rou.

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 The solution is the return to the rule of law, uphold democratic principles of governance and respect for the constitution and the rule of law.

 The army should be re-organized, properly oriented and prevented from involving into politics.

 The problem of South Sudan is the army. The army is tribalized. During the liberation struggle, the SPLA was untied and had a vision for the national cause. This quickly changed. The army became divided and pays allegiance to only individual generals and political leaders. This is why there is the ongoing conflict in South Sudan.

 Nepotism in the recruitment into the army is another problem. Only sons of the powerful generals and politicians are sent for training in the military training centers such as Ngacigak, Owiny Kibul, Mapel and other military training academies. The army is supposed to be balanced so that this tribal allegiance is avoided.

 The divisions in the army led to individuals like Gen. Paul Malong Awan, Gen. Johnson Olony, Gen. Salva Kiir Mayardit and others owning their own armies. This is what led to the crisis.

 The power struggle for the top leadership is the core of the ongoing civil war. Everyone wants to be the president of South Sudan.

 The revolutionary veterans have been neglected. The power and the independence have been hijacked by those who were even arch enemies of the liberation struggle and those who never participated in the liberation struggle. This is the fundamental cause of the problem of South Sudan.

 The decentralized system of governance that has devolved powers to the provincial levels or states is another problem. The sons from the area are governing the states and this has encouraged tribalism.

 The re-organization and dispensing of the former liberation fighters into the army, the police, the prisons service and fire brigade without basic training and skills in the various organized units is another fundamental cause of the problem. These officers have no basic training in these aforementioned various fields of the organized forces. Therefore, they cannot deliver effectively.

 Moreover, power hungry army generals and senior political leaders take arms against the state when they are relieved from their positions. These are causes of the crisis we are in now.

 Finally, the issue of the political status of Abyei area requires our attention Ngok community. We need to convene a conference as Ngok community to look into this. There should have been a sitting immediately since the death of Sultan Kuol Deng Kuol. But this did not happen. Why did we not meet Gen. Pieng?

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

 In my view, the body of Sultan Kuol should have been buried where they murdered him near the border but not in Abyei. Then we could have immediately move there and fight for our rights there and then.

 The referendum for Abyei that has been neglected by the government of South Sudan should have been the best way forward for the Abyei future. Why did you not press the President and the entire government of South Sudan on this?

 One woman wondered whether the national dialogue will succeed. How can it happen when the hatred has grown so deep already among the South Sudanese? She retorted. Tribal conflicts are raging all over. Apuk and Aguok are slaughtering themselves; Agar communities are fighting among themselves and many others. People are dying on a daily basis. Women, children and the entire communities are dying every day. Who will run this country in the future when we are finishing ourselves as such?

 Lack of services in Abyei forces some to travel to Sudan, including for medical treatment. One speaker observed that they are no longer being respected and treated with dignity across the world. Especially, if you go for treatment in Khartoum, they abuse you and ask denigrating questions as to why we are going back for services in Sudan when we decided to secede.

 We are in prison. We are oppressed. We are suffering. We expect our President, Gen. Salva Kiir Mayardit, to liberate us. We expect the government of South Sudan to come to our aid and liberate us. I also urge our children of Abyei to take care of their mothers, fathers and the elderly. Our children have deserted us. The government should take care of the vulnerable, the elderly, the refugees and other vulnerable groups. There is no employment for the youth, for the widows of the fallen heroes and other vulnerable groups.

 I greet the committee and thank the President of South Sudan, Gen. Salva Kiir Mayardit, for sending the National Dialogue committee to consult with the people of Abyei. It is an important opportunity for us to participate in defining the South Sudanese problem and suggesting its possible solutions. The first cause of the problem of South Sudan is poverty. There is no development in the country. These conditions provoke conflict among the people. The second reason is hatred and tribalism. We have developed a dangerous tribal bigotry in the country. We need freedom, development and respect for the constitution. Lack of strong institutions of governance created loopholes for impunity, lack of accountability and corruption. Finally, the determination of the political status of Abyei requires the sons and daughters of Abyei in the army and senior politicians to prioritize it.

 Another problem is unequal distribution of economic resources. It is a fundamental cause of the problem. There are a few who are enjoying the economic benefits of the country’s freedom. This phenomenon has provoked the excluded and resulted into the ongoing conflict. A small clique controls national resources for their individual benefits at the expense of the majority of the South Sudanese people.

 Residents of Abyei feel betrayed by the South Sudanese government after fighting with them for the rights and freedom of South Sudan since Anyanya 1, Anyanya 2 and SPLA until the independence of South Sudan in 2011. But when it came to the issue of Abyei,

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South Sudan does not care. They should not therefore consult us on their problems. South Sudan has long forgotten us. It is only after they are in trouble now politically, economically and security wise, that they have turned to us after the opening of Amiet market between Abyei and Sudan border area.

Recommended Solutions by the Stakeholders:

 The solution is the return to the rule of law, democratic principles of governance and respect for the constitution and the rule of law.  The army should be reorganized, properly oriented and prevented from involving into politics.  The SPLM party should re-unite its various warring factions through a negotiated settlement of their internal differences, redefine their vision and mission and develop a comprehensive national agenda development program to govern the country.  Establishment of strong institutions of governance in order to ensure managerial competencies, install measures of accountability and improve service delivery.  Enact strong laws to deal with military insurgency and rebellions in the country  Abyei Administrative Area government should consider power sharing when appointing cabinet members so that the face of Abyei is represented.

3.12 NINTH CONSULTATION MEETING (ABYEI TOWN MUNICIPALITY) Day Eleven Deliberations (19/12/2017) The ninth grassroot consultation meeting was held at Abyei Town Municipality. The Committee consulted with Cabinet Ministers, Members of Parliament, State Government Officials, intellectuals, youth, women, civil society organizations, and other political parties.9 The meeting was moderated by Hon. Asha Abbas, Hon. Kom Kom Geng and Hon. Peter Longole.

Emerging Issues:

 The Ngok Dinka have decided the issue of Abyei politically. The referendum in which Abyei voted 99% to be part of South Sudan speaks clearly about it. Those who say the referendum was not legally valid are wrong. The statement by Bona Malual that Abyei is

9 Hon. Kuol Alor Kuol (official), Right. Hon. Speaker, Tuper Giir (official/ youth), Ayual Monyrach (official), Majak Matet Ayom (Member of Parliament), David Kiir Atem (SPLM secretariat), Andrew Chol (youth), Chol Aguer Ngor (Member of Parliament), Adhol Nyuol (Member of Parliament), Chol Kur (official), Ayom Lual (Member of Parliament), Aleng Ngor (woman), Albino Bilabek (official), Thomas Mario (official), Acuil Ajing (Member of Parliament in Abyei Administration), Malual Monyluak Rou (official, Brig. Gen. in reserve list), Apac Deng Biong (official).

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

100% Sudanese territory is not correct. He should be asked to explain what is wrong with him. If Abyei cannot join South Sudan, then we should consider Dr. Francis Mading’s proposal as the best alternative.

 The Abyei issue is a national problem and should be discussed at all sub-committees across the country. It should form agenda for regional and national conferences of the national dialogue.

 The SPLM shoulders much blame for the ongoing crisis. Moreover, lack of awareness and understanding of the constitution by the citizens is another key factor. The unity of South Sudanese is our role all of us. We should uphold nationalism. Individual differences should not lead us to destroy the country.

 Some speakers believe that all is well in Abyei, and that the regional administration if functioning normally: One stated that he believed the protocol on Abyei is working. We now have a fully functioning government with all the institutions; we conducted a successful referendum. Opened Amiet Market and relations with neighboring northern communities. With all these we thank the president and the government of South Sudan and the entire populace of South Sudan for supporting our referendum. We should not say that South Sudan did not stand with us. Statements of people like Bona Malual Madut do not bother me any bit.

 On economic conditions of the country, the war has seriously affected the development and economic progress of the government.

 The SPLM has lost its revolutionary objectives, vision and mission. It requires them to revisit their vision, reunite, and re-strategize to move the country forward.

 They need to work hard. It is not enough to go about greeting each other, hello comrade. SPLM has no foreign relations and good diplomacy around the world.

 Power struggle is the cause of conflict in South Sudan. If we fight on power, we should check the current system of governance. Many systems of governance exist, for example, centralism, federalism and presidential system. If the current system is not good we should look for another. We may have federal regional governments for Bahar-El-Ghazal, Upper Nile and Equatoria regions respectively. In this setup, the government can devolve some powers for other institutions but defence and other important powers should be controlled in the central government.

 Misunderstanding of democracy has encouraged belligerence and that is why there are problems in South Sudan. The creation of states has heightened tribal conflicts. Encouraged tribalism and tribal conflicts. Violation of constitutional term limits is another factor. The limit should be 5 year two terms and no more.

 South Sudan has lost way since before independence. Dissolution of the government and removal of all the cabinet in mid 2013 is the cause of the ongoing conflict. The revolutionary veterans have all been dropped and replaced with former enemies of the SPLM. All this confusion that caused the conflict is the president of Republic of South Sudan, Gen. Salva Kiir Mayardit. 38

Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

 Non-Governmental Organizations, NGOs, operating in Abyei, should employ the natives of Abyei. On another note, I am wondering as to where the 2% oil revenue allocated to Abyei as an oil producing region goes.

 The problem of South Sudan is in Juba. The problem is generals who are appointed into political positions who confuse the citizens. Any army general that is once appointed into a political position should not return to the army. The division commanders should not be in one place for up to 10 years. They should also be trained on accountability so that corruption is minimized.

 On another note, the generals and politicians who take their families abroad do not care about development and welfare of the citizens generally. They incite conflicts because they know their families are safe in diaspora. They do not care whether or not there are good schools, roads or health centers because their families get these services abroad.

 SPLM stood with Abyei but we still urge President, Gen. Salva Kiir Mayardit, to officially recognize the result of the 2013 Abyei referendum in which Ngok community voted 99% to be part of the Republic of South Sudan.

 The problem of South Sudan is lack of establishment, by the ruling SPLM party of establish strong bureaucratic institutions that form the foundation of strong, accountable government. Moreover, the national army, SPLA, is not organized, well trained and oriented. The SPLA should be well trained and if done it could be number two if not number one in the world in infantry.

 Finally, we have serious internal issues of governance. Dominance of other sections of Ngok has led to exclusion of many sections from governance and decision-making. Every “Kuol” is replaced with another “Kuol” which does not reflect the face of Abyei. For instance, a husband and his wife have recently been appointed to parliament by the current administration in Abyei. This is not fair and must be addressed urgently for the sake of unity among the Ngok community.

 The Chief Administrator, who is appointed by the president, refuted claims of corruption defended himself against some of the allegations levelled against him during the meeting he urged those in the opposition to be patient and wait for the elections to vote me out. I work according to the mandate of the government of South Sudan and for the welfare of the people of Abyei as enshrined in the constitution. Recommended Solutions by the Stakeholders:

 The different warring factions of the ruling SPLM party should sit down, negotiate, re- unite and craft a comprehensive peace deal to end war  The National Dialogue process should be informed by the lessons learned from the South African and Rwandan dialogues. We should do it full heart.  Suggests that one way of discouraging tribalism in administrative areas such as counties, states etc. there should be schools of transfers (national schools) where students from all parts of the country and study in one school  To reduce corruption is to do development: roads, schools, hospitals and so on.

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

 Abyei issue to be included at the grassroots consultations in all the other committees. It is a national problem not Abyei’s own private problem. Moreover, it should be an agenda for the regional and national conferences that are upcoming.  Division commanders should not stay for too long, at least not up to 10 years in one post.

3.13 TENTH CONSULTATION MEETING (RUMKOR BARRACK & ANET, RUM- AMER COUNTY) Day Twelve Deliberations (20/12/2017) The tenth grassroots consultation was held at Rum-Kor Military Barracks & Annet, Rum-Amer County. The committee consulted with the Army/SPLA and organized forces (Police, Prisons, Fire Brigade & Wild Life)—Morning-Afternoon at Rum-Kor, Rum-Amer County, Internally Displaced Persons, IDPs—Afternoon to evening at Anet, Rum-Amer County.10

Emerging Issues:

 Members of the SPLA spoke with the committee and narrated their story of suffering, of marginality, penury and involvement in criminal activities for survival due to neglect by ‘generals and politicians’. One narrated as follows:  We in the army are suffering a lot. It is good you have come. But I thought you had come with the president so that we speak to him directly. Anyhow, the problem is you, the generals and politicians. You tell the citizens to fight one another. You sit in Juba and decide our fate. We in the army are not considered as South Sudanese by the leadership. We are just about to go to Sudan to seek refuge and better living conditions. We are suffering so much. We do not even know the constitution. We have no good life. We feel neglected and that is why we sometimes rob any citizen in the roads.

 As to the difficulties facing the police, I will not go to politics. We have no vehicles, no basic facilities to do our job. We urge the government to equip the police service with necessary equipment and facilities in order to carry out our duties efficiently and adequately.

 South Sudan is sick as Emmanuel Kembe used to refer to Sudan. The army is suffering. The main problem is tribalism. It is deeply entrenched from top to bottom of our hearts. We should abolish tribalism. The martyrs have been neglected. Only six months payment

10 Brig. Gen. Alor Kuol (police), Brig. Abraham Ater Kuc (Majak Kol commander), Abuok Deng Gai (akiit), Brig. Gen. peter latjor Gai (army), Ayuel Alor Agok (police), Ring Mawien (army/akiit), SPLA UNISFA representative, Ayen Ajok Majur (wounded heroine), Akuet Ajak (wounded heroes), Chol Lor Akuei (police), Majok Korchek Ayom (army), Gen. Edward Achuny Dau Deng Piok (army), Capt. James Mawien (army), Maj. Machol Majur Chol (army), Lino Garang Wol Deng (army), Angelo Ajak Alor (army), Dr. William Deng (army), Mou Chol Ajiing (Mugadam, Court Martial Army), Peter Garang Malual (Prisons/1st Lt.), Gabriel Yak Chol (Army), Akonon Aguot (Police), Bagat Yak (Air Defence), Chol Awer Awer (S/M).

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is allowed after the death of these fallen heroes and heroines. Their spirits are not happy and might be why we are in crisis today.

 On Abyei, the issue should be prioritized by the government. The northern border and the southern border of Abyei have become serious security concerns. Are we left only with the river, since the Arabs claim the northern territory while the Twic claim the territory south of River Kiir? This is a serious matter that requires urgent attention by the government of South Sudan. The army is suffering. No vehicles. No spare parts. The government should consider equipping the army as a priority. There is too much corruption and tribalism in the army. Promotions are based on tribal affiliations but not individual achievements. We urge our president to address this issue.

 On the South Sudan crisis, the problem is tribalism. All governors and commissioners are appointed to govern the administrative area of their birth. Why not mix them up? This is what encourages tribalism in South Sudan. In my opinion, governors should be appointed to run states other than their states of their origin.

 The government should memorialize past heroes and heroines. We have no archives for the records of the atrocities and accomplishments of the frontline fighters, and many more historical archives for the generations to come have need to be created.

 We fought together with Nubians and Funj. They are still our brothers even after independence. They are still suffering despite the sacrifices they made for the independence of South Sudan. Abandonment of strong commanders, who have tremendous achievements during the liberation struggle such as comrade Pieng Deng Kuol, is another area of concern. The president has brought wrong people near him. That is what is confusing him. I urge the president to re-install great revolutionary veterans such as Gen. Pieng Deng Kuol and others to help him run the country.

 We need to re-strategize and develop a comprehensive framework on governance guided by respect of the rule of law and the constitution.

 The army involvement in politics and tribal motives is also another cause to the current crisis. This was not there during the war. Now tribalism is entrenched. The issue of Abyei is clear. South Sudanese individuals release reckless statements. If Abyei gets fed up finally and join Sudan, South Sudan will be in serious trouble and should not blame us then.

 The media is an important development tool. It will inform us. The crisis of South Sudan is fueled by lack of media coverage that should explain away certain unfounded allegations against the government. The media can build our international relations and improve our diplomatic ties with the rest of the world, but we have a very weak media. We should strengthen our media.

 On the Abyei administration, it is not clear why governors are changed frequently. This cannot allow stability to take root. The president should maintain our current Chief Administrator because he is doing a lot to lay institutional foundations of the state.

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Documentation Notes on the Grassroots consultation meetings -- Abyei Area Sub-committee, December, 2017

 We have not moved away from the colonial ways of leadership. Children of sultans are the ones confusing us. They form dangerous groups and cliques to keep them in power. Why do we still keep the chieftaincy?

 Some soldiers have even crossed over to Sudan in search of greener pastures. The government should address the issue of suffering of the army urgently. Army commanders eat alone. The army is now old. How will you recruit younger individuals into the army under these dire economic conditions? Nobody will accept being in the army again. The wounded heroes are not provided with treatment. One has to sell his own cow to treat himself or herself. In this regard, the president should visit the wounded heroes in order to witness such conditions for himself.

 Some soldiers have even crossed over to Sudan in search of greener pastures. The government should address the issue of suffering of the army urgently. Army commanders eat alone. The army is now old. How will you recruit younger individuals into the army under these dire economic conditions? Nobody will accept being in the army again. The wounded heroes are not provided with treatment. One has to sell his own cow to treat himself or herself. In this regard, the president should visit the wounded heroes in order to witness such conditions for himself.

 The problem of South Sudan is the government itself. We supported the army. Our people provided food rations, during the liberation struggle Dr. John Garang De Mabior promised us good life. However, after successfully attaining independence our conditions deteriorated. There are no roads, no hospitals no schools and no development in general.

 The government sells guns to the civilian population across the country. Then incites these communities against each other. Lawlessness and anarchy prevail, and citizens slaughter themselves day in day out. The senior commanders in the army give guns to their relatives including heavy munitions to the detriment of the vulnerable citizens.

 We are suffering. We ran away from our homelands to escape death from guns, but we have not escaped hunger. We are starving. Lack of accountability and the rule of law have caused this lawlessness and conflict in the country. The government should hold the perpetrators of all sorts of crimes accountable.

 The problem is in Juba. It is the politicians. It is the military generals. The generals sell guns to civilians for cows. These guns are used to loot and fight each other. It is the government that is destroying the country. The citizens are innocent—they cannot destroy the country. It is the politicians. We are suffering a great deal. We will flee further to Amiet Market and even to Sudan if these conditions continue to persist.

 There is too much corruption and no accountability. The money that could have been used for development has been squandered and embezzled. Now there are no roads, hospitals, schools and many more aspects of development in the country.

 Poor governance has led to lawlessness and anarchy in the country. Citizens set against each other. This is why there are conflicts everywhere in the country and has caused many to leave their home places for safety.

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 In abject conditions of suffering and poverty, we have become barren. We no longer conceive to give birth to children that could form the next generation of South Sudan. Who will be the next generation then? Even during Kerubino Kuanyin Bol’s rebellion, John Garang provided for us. Now nobody cares for us, neither the president nor the chief administrator for Abyei who is here in the meeting. We are suffering. The chief administrator should know that we are now Ngok not Apuk or Aguok. He should give us food.

Recommended Solutions by the Stakeholders (Army, Organized Forces & IDPs)

 State governors should be assigned to places other than their state of birth in order to reduce tribalism  The SPLM factions should negotiate a peace deal and bring peace to the country  Establish strong institutions to combat corruption and improve service delivery  UNISFA should leave the area. All the agreements keeping them here are pro-Khartoum  The President of the Republic of South Sudan, Gen. Salva Kiir Mayardit, should resign because he has failed the country. “Aci Baai Yiek Idhin Chol Ayuak”, loosely translated as “allowed the country to take a French leave”.  Need for historical documentary that provides accounts of key figures in the liberation struggle for the generations to come to consume.

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