A Description of Idiomatic Expressions Used in Miley

A DESCRIPTION OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS USED IN MILEY

CYRUS’S SONG LYRICS

A PAPER

RAIHAN NAZLI SABILA

REG. NO. 152202047

DIPLOMA – III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN

2018

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I am, Raihan Nazli Sabila, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award or another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed :

Date : Medan, Friday, November 30th 2018

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : RAIHAN NAZLI SABILA Titel of Paper : A DESCRIPTIVE OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS USED IN MILEY CYRUS’S SONG LYRICS Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya Study program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Libertarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Cultural studies,

USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed :

Date : Medan, Friday, November 30th 2018

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini membahas ungkapan-ungkapan idiomatik yang ada di lagu-lagu Miley Cyrus. Pada penelitian ini, penulis tertarik untuk mengetahui apa saja idiomatic expression yang muncul di lagu Miley Cyrus dan menggambarkan makna dari setiap idiom tersebut. Penulis meneliti tujuh lagu dari album “Younger Now”. Pada penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode qualitatif dan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa ada seratus dua puluh dua idiomatic expression yang ditemukan dari tujuh lagu tersebut. Setelah penulis mengklasifikasi idiom berdasarkan teori dari Makkai, penulis menemukan tiga puluh lima idiom dalam bentuk phrasal verb, empat puluh delapan idiom dalam bentuk phrasal compound, dan tiga puluh sembilan idiom dalam bentuk tournure idiom.

Kata kunci : Idiom, lagu, dan lagu-lagu Miley Cyrus.

iii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT

This study discusses idiomatic expression used in Miley Cyrus’s songs. In this study, the writer were interested to find out idiomatic expression in Miley Cyrus songs and to describe the meaning of idiom. The writer describe seven songs of Miley Cyrus’s song in album “Younger Now”. In this study, the writer used a qualitative method and descriptive approach. The result of the descriptive showed that there were one hundred and twenty two idiomatic expressions found in those seven songs. After the writer classified the idioms based on Makkai theory, the writer found out thirthy five in the form of phrasal verb, fourty eight idioms in the form of phrasal compound, and thirty nine idioms in the form of tournure idioms.

Key words : Idiom, song, and Miley Cyrus’s song.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thanks and praise Allah SWT and Prophet Muhammad SAW for blessing and giving me the opportunity, health, strength, and ability to complete this paper. However, this success would not be achieved without support from individual, people and institution. For all guidance, the researcher would like to dedicated the best thanks to:

 Dr. Drs. Budi Agustono, M.S. as the Dean of Faculty Cultural Studies,

University of Sumatera Utara.

 Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum as the Head of English Diploma Study

Program, who give me chance to prove my qualified for finishing this paper.

 My Supervisor Prof. Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A for the precious time and

knowledge he has given me for finishing my paper.

 I am extremely grateful for both of my parents Yusroni, and Lisnawati for their

love, prayer, financial, and caring, advice for me finishing my paper. Also i

express my thanks to my brother and sister Fadhil Haris Azhari, and Balqis

Farah Kamila for do nothing for me but I appreciate it. I present this paper for

you.

 I am very grateful to have some close friends who always support me. This

appreciation goes to my girls GOC; Maisarah, Vina “Vinul” Anglia,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Yolanda “Nekyo” Purba, Richa “Riyem” Opusunggu, Vivi Dwi Jayanti,

Ayu “Bunda” Parasmita, Syifa Andrizha, and Siti Maysarah a.k.a Kuin

Jable who always bring me cheer, thanks for all the things that we have been

through this past three years, up and down, laugh and tears and the stupid,

funny, receh jokes you guys ever made. I never thought our friendship will be

this far until now for all the times that we have spent together. Thank you guys

for your support.

 Also Solidas 15 A thank you for your support and for the others that I can’t

mention, thanks for your existence and being my friend, I really appreciate

every single time we spend together.

Finally, I will accept the suggestion and critics that build me up from the readers because I know this paper is not perfect, and that’s why your critics might make this paper better. Thanks to all readers who read this paper.

Medan, Friday, November 30th 2018

The writer,

Raihan Nazli Sabila

Reg. No: 1522020047

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ...... i COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ...... ii ABSTRAK ...... iii ABSTRACT ...... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... vii

I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1.1 Background of the study ...... 3 1.2 Problem of the study ...... 3 1.3 Purpose of the study ...... 3 1.4 Scope of the study ...... 3 1.5 Significance of the study ...... 4 1.6 Method of the study ...... 4

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...... 2.1 Definition of Idiomatic Expressions ...... 5 2.2 Types of Idiom ...... 6 2.3 Meaning of Idiom ...... 7 2.4 Lyric ...... 8 2.5 Song ...... 8 2.6 A Biodata of Miley Cyrus ...... 9

III. FINDING AND DESCRIPTION ...... 3.1 Phrasal Verb Idioms ...... 10 3.2 Phrasal Compound Idioms ...... 14 3.3 Tournure Idioms ...... 21

vii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA IV. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...... 4.1 Conclusion...... 27 4.2 Suggestion ...... 28 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... APPENDIX ...... Singer Biography ...... Lyrics......

viii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study Language is part of culture used by humans as a tool of communication between one and another in oral or written form and signs. We use language as a tool to express ideas, feelings and to build relationship with other people.

According to Guralnik (1996:15), language is used to express or Guralnik communicate thoughts and feelings, and it is a system of combination of vocal sounds to convey meaning as language has some units and structure. Language can be divided into two functions; there are common function and special function. Language as common function is an instrument to show the expression, communication, integration, and social adaption.

Nowadays, English has become one of the biggest popular languages in the world. English has many ways to express an idea. One of them by using idiomatic expression. According to Campoy (1995:44), Idiomatic expression is a phrase or a sentence that is generally fixed and semantically opaque or methaporical, as its meaning is different from the usual meaning of the individual words in it.

Semantic is the study of the meaning of words and sentences. Yule

(2006:112) states that semantics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences. Saeed (2005:3) states that semantics is the study of meaning communicated through language. According to Fromkin and Rodman

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA (2007:185), Idiom is often difficult to translate, because the meaning of idiom can not be inferred from the meaning of the individual words in it.

According to Makkai (2011 : 215), an idiom is a complex expression whose meaning does not logically follow from the individual meanings of its constituents. Makkai (1972: 312-340) classifies idiom of decoding into two types.

Those are lexemic and sememic idioms. The lexemic idioms are idioms which collate with the familiar part of speech (verb, noun, adjective and preposition) and they are composed of more than one minimal free form and each lexon of which can occur in other environments as the realization of a monolexonic lexeme. The lexemic idioms are devided into three types: phrasal verb idioms, phrasal compound idioms, and tournure idioms.

According to Roberts and Jacob (1989:901), A song means a lyric from the poem or a history of poetry. There are many songs which are well known to listeners and some of the song lyrics which contain idioms. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss about the idiomatic expression used in the song in order to make the hearer and reader improving the meaning of the song.

The research is to find out the idiom used in the song lyrics of Miley

Cyrus in “Younger Now” album. The theme of the album signals a Miley who is at peace with herself and one that is happier than ever. She feels much more

“Younger Now”. In short, the writer is interested in writing this paper entitled “A

Description of Idiomatic Expressions Used in Miley Cyrus’s Song Lyrics”.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.2 Problem of the Study

The writer would like to discuss the problem of the paper with the title

“A Description of Idiomatic Expressions Used in Miley Cyrus‟s Song Lyrics.

Within two questions :

1) What types of idiomatic expression are used in Miley Cyrus‟s song

lyrics ?

2) What are the meanings of idiomatic expression in Miley Cyrus‟s song

lyrics ?

1.3Purposeof the Study Purposes of the study are :

1) To find out the types of idiomatic expressions used in Miley Cyrus‟s song

lyrics.

2) To describe the meaning of idiomatic expressions in Miley Cyrus‟s song

lyrics.

1.4 Scope of the Study Based on problem of the study, the scope of this paper is limited to focus only on idiomatic expression found in album “Younger Now” of Miley Cyrus. In this case, I try to explain about the definition of idiomatic expression, types of idiom and their meaning.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.5 Significance of the Study

Theoritically, the significance of this analysis is to enrich the study of language, to guide readers in studying idiom and to be references for the next researcher in analyzing about idiom. Pratically, it has significance for readers to understand what idiom is.

1.6 Method of the Study In this paper, the writer used descriptive qualitative method, because the data were in form of words or written language. Merriam (1998:5) defines

“Qualitative research as an umbrella concept covering several forms of inquiry that helps us understand and explain the meaning of social phenomena with as little disruption of the natural setting as possible”. Also, the writer used the library method by collecting theory from books in the library as the references and collecting data from the internet with steps as follow :

1. Reading the lyrics carefully and repeatedly.

2. Collecting and classify idiomatic expression in the song lyrics.

3. Describing the meaning of every idiomatic expression .

4. Concluding the result.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Definition of Idiomatic Expression

According to Fry (2007:42), Idiomatic expression is a group words that has a different meaning from what those words usually mean. Idiomatic expression is an expression by native speaker whose meanings can not be inferred from the meanings of the word that comprise it. Idiomatic expressions are daily expressions that are used by English speakers. Basically, idiom has two or more phrases.. Idiom is very important for us in mastering English. Meantime, is also useful to make colorful of conversation.

In Longman dictionary of language teaching and applied linguistics, the term idiom is defined simply as “an expression which functions as a single unit and whose meaning can not be worked out from its separate parts. For example :

She washed her hands of the matter means she refused to have anything more to do with the matter”. (Richards and Schmidt 2010:270)

Idioms are fixed expression with meanings that are usually not clear or obvious. Seidl and McMordie (1988:11-13) states that idioms are an essential part of language, they have a different meaning from the individual meanings of each word. For example, “to feel under the weather, which means “to feel unwell” is a typical idiom. The words do not tell us what it means, but the context usually helps.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.2 Types of Idiom

Makkai in his book “Idiom Structure in English” (1972: 312-340) devided the classification of idioms into the lexemic and the sememic. Sememic idioms include proverb and similar structure of sentence length. The lexemic idioms are composed of more than one minimal free form. The writer is going to use the lexemic idioms instead of sememic idioms. The writer will explain about types that exist inside of lexemic idioms. Also, the writer only applies three types of idiomatic expression .Those lexemic idioms were :

1. Phrasal verbs idiom

A phrasal verb is a verb that contains of two kind of words. The first word

is a verb, and the second word is a particle.

2. Phrasal compound idiom

Phrasal compound idiom contains primarily nominal made up of adjective

plus noun, noun plus noun, verb plus noun and adverb plus preposition.

For example: „black mail’ means any payment forced by intimidation and

„bookworm’ means a person committed to reading or studying.

3. Tournure idiom

Tournure idioms are the largest lexemic idioms, usually containing at least

three words and are mostly verbs. A tournures idiom mostly falls into

sentences. Based on its structure, tournures idioms are devided into:

1. The form contains the compulsory definite article and indefinite.For

example : „to do a guy’ means to disappear secretly.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2. The form contains an irreversible binomial introduced by preposition. For

example : „to be at seven and eight’ means to be in condition of confusion,

at odds.

3. A direct object and further possible modifiers follow the primary verb. For

example: „to build castles in the air’ means to make impossible plans.

4. The leading verb is not followed by direct object but by preposition plus a

noun or nothing, for example: „to dance on the air’ means to get hanged.

5. The leading verb is BE. For example : to be above board means to be out

in the open, honest.

2.3 Meaning of Idiom

Idiom is an expression that can not be translated word by word. The meaning of idiom is different from logical. McCarthy and O‟Dell in their book

„English Idioms in Use‟ (2002:6) state that „Idioms are expressions which have a meaning that is not obvious from the individual words‟.For example: drive somebody round the bend means make somebody angry or frustated, but we can not know this just by looking at the words.

The best way to understand idioms are by looking at the contexts and we should know the whole phrase meaning. In addition, Walker in the New

International Webster‟s Comprehensive Dictionary of the English Language

(2003: 627) explain that, „An idiom is an expression peculiar to a language, not readily analyzable from its grammatical construction or from the meaning of component parts, as to put up with‟. The point of that statement is that there is no

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA grammatical rule in idiom. It is such a kind of habit of native speakers. Therefore, it is understandable that foreign learners have problems to understand the meaning of idiom.

2.4Lyric

Lyric is a set of words that make up a song. The song writer is a lyricist or lyrist. The meaning of lyrics can either be explicit or implicit. Some lyics are abstract, almost unintelligible and in such cases, their explicition emphasizes form, articulation and symmetry of expression. (Wikipedia,2011)

Lyric derives from the Greek word, lyrikos, meaning “singing to the lyre”.

A lyric poem is one that expresses a subjective, personal point of view. The word lyric came to be used for the word of song; this meaning was recorded in 1876.

Use of the singular form lyric to refer to a song‟s complete set of words is grammatically acceptable. However, it is not considered acceptable to refer to a singular word in a song as a lyric. (Wikipedia, 2011)

2.5 Song

Manser (2005: 395) says that “Song is poem set to music, intended to be sung”. A song is a piece of music for accompanied or unaccompanied voice or voices, where the performance of song is a called a singer or vocalist.

According to Winkler in her book The function of song in contemprory

British Drama (1990:17), song is relatively short metrical composition designed

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA for singing, often devided into stanzas whose meaning is conveyed by the combined force of words and melody.

2.6 A Biodata of Miley Cyrus

Miley Cyrus is a singer, song writer, and actress. MileyCyrus bornDestiny

Hope Cyrus on November 23, 1992, in Franklin, Tennessee. Miley Cyrus is the daughter of '90s country star Billy Ray Cyrus. She later changed her name to

"Miley," the nickname she was given as a baby for often smiling.

Miley Cyrus grew up on the family farm, near Nashville, Tennessee, with two siblings and three half-siblings. She began acting at a young age, landing the starring role on Disney's hit show Hannah Montana in 2004. Cyrus went on to release several successful albums, including Breakout (2008) and Can't Be Tamed

(2010), while becoming increasingly known for her wild behavior. Her 2013 single "Wrecking Ball," backed by a controversial video, became her first U.S.

No. 1 hit.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER III

FINDING AND DESCRIPTION

3.1 Phrasal Verb

A phrasal verb is a verb that contains of two kind of words. The first word is a verb, and the second word is a particle. The particle can be preposition or adverb.

Table 1.

Title of Song Idiom Meaning

Woke up Became awake

Goes up Has risen

Come down Situation in which a person doesn‟t get

Younger Now as much respect from other.

Count on Depend on something

Come around Visit for a short time.

Total : 5

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Table 2.

Title of Song Idiom Meaning

Turn on Start to connect of CD player

Put on Move CD on a cassette

Run off To depart from something by

Rainbowland running

Come on Expression to invite

Give up Stop doing something

Come on Happen

Dig down To excavate deeply

Total : 7

Table 3.

Title of Song Idiom Meaning

Give up To quit trying

Give in Deliver something Love Someone Moving on To stop focusing on someone Caving in The situation collapses

Kicking off Start of a football match

Total : 5

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Table 4.

Title of Song Idiom Meaning

Miss You Pick up To lift someone up from a surface

So Much Fall in Drop into something Look up To direct one‟s gaze upward

Hold on To physically grip something

Look at Direct your eyes towards it

Go on To continue

Total : 6

Table 5.

Title of Song Idiom Meaning Writing down To set down in writing

Inspired Pull on To tug the handle of the door Open up To became more accepting of something

Watching down Look at something or somebody

Total : 4

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Table 6.

Title of Song Idiom Meaning

Wake up Awake

Rely on Trust someobody

Hanging around To spend time with the crew Giving up To quit trying Bad mood Open up To unwrap something

Let in To allow or permit something to enter

Believe in Trust or have a faith in love.

Total : 7

Table 7.

Title of Song Idiom Meaning

Malibu Go down To drop below the horizon

Total : 1

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.2 Phrasal Compound Idiom

Phrasal compound idiom contains primarily nominal made up of adjective plus noun, noun plus noun, verb plus noun, or adverb plus preposition.

Table 1.

Title of Idiom Form of Phrasal Meaning

Song Compound Idiom

Introducing a fact that make

Younger Even tough Adverb+Preposition the main statement in sentence very surprising. Now Living in a Verb + Noun Thinking about something

dream else that you like very much.

Feel the Verb + Noun To realize or understand

light something.

Total : 3

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Table 2.

Title of Song Idiom Form of Phrasal Meaning

Compound

High tech Adj+ Noun Highly advanced technological

development (especially in

electronic).

CD player Noun + Noun A stand alone piece of electronic

equiepment that either has its

display or attaches to a tv set.

Love Song Noun + Noun A song about love or expressing

Rainbowland love for another person.

Rainbowla Noun + Noun A place where somebody want to

nd live in a piece and forget their

problems.

Turn CD Verb + Noun To start the flow or operation of

CD player.

Put a Verb + Noun Move a cassette into a particular

cassette place or position,

Living in a Verb + Noun To live in a piece and forget their

rainbowla problems.

Total : 7

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Table 3.

Title of Song Idiom Form of Phrasal Meaning

Compound

Cold day Adj + Noun A worst day

Love Noun + Noun A strong feeling of affection

someone and concern toward another

person.

The amount Noun + Noun How long the time that we

Love of time took to do something.

Someone Ever since Adv + Continuously since the time

Preposition mentioned.

Got time Verb + Noun Have a time.

Have no Verb + Noun Have a feeling to love.

heart

Have a soul Verb + Noun Have an ego.

Packing my Verb + Noun Making right decision in life.

shit

Kicking my Verb + Noun Throw my shoes away

shoes

Having fun Verb + Noun Having an experiment

enjoyment of life.

Total : 10

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Table 4.

Title of Song Idiom Form of Phrasal Meaning

Compound

Miss You So Light Years Adj + Noun an extremely long

Much distance or time. Optimal time Adj + Noun The best out of the

time.

Full of shit Adj + Noun Full of lie.

Drink your tears Verb + Noun Drown all of your

sorrow.

Take my blood Verb + Noun Kill me as well.

Take my bones Verb + Noun Carry my soul away.

Fall in tears Verb + Noun Got really sad.

Want no gold Verb + Noun Don‟t want nothing

precious.

Lost control Verb + Noun Lost the abality to

think and act

rationally.

Living fear Verb + Noun To be afraid of

something all the

time.

Total : 10

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Table 5.

Title of Song Idiom Form of Phrasal Meaning

Compound

Dirty feet Adj + Noun Great vocation

Death life Noun + Noun Something that is extremely

important and often involves

decision that will determine

Inspired whether someone lives or dies.

Coming Verb + Noun To return to one‟s home after home time away from it.

Escape the Verb + Noun Get away for something

fear unpleasant.

Total : 4

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Table 6.

Title of Idiom Form of Meaning

Song Phrasal

Compound

Bad mood Bad mood Adj + Noun Feel angry and impatience.

Got the proof Verb + Noun Got evidence that something is

true.

Got the news Verb + Noun To say that someone is going to tell

the facts about something.

Open Verb + Noun To unwrap the window.

window

The glass Noun + Noun Used in a situation when a woman

ceiling or someone from a minority group

has has a hard time climbing up the

professionally below their

potential.

Together by Adv + In conjunctin with someone or

preposition something else.

Total : 6

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Table 7.

Title of Idiom Form of Phrasal Meaning

Song Compound

Hot summer Adj + Noun A high- pressure weather

system has been lurking overhead or nearby.

Free as bird Adj + Noun Free to do everything as Malibu you want.

A brand new Noun + Noun Completely new.

Just like Adv + Exactly the same.

Preposition

Stood by the Verb + Noun To continue doing what

ocean you said you would when

you made a decision,

agreement, or promise.

Sat by the Verb + Noun Sat along the edge of a

shore sea.

Catching the Verb + Noun One strong enough to be

wind felt.

Watched the Verb + Noun Look at toward the sun

sun

Total : 8

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.3 Tournure Idioms

Tournure idioms are the largest lexemic idioms, usually containing at least three words and are mostly verbs. A tournure idiom mostly falls into sentences.

Based on its structure, tournure idioms are devided into:

1) The form contains the compulsory definite article and indefinite.For example

: „to do a guy’ means to disappear secretly.

2) The form contains an irreversible binomial introduced by preposition. For

example : „to be at seven and eight’ means to be in condition of confusion, at

odds.

3) A direct object and further possible modifiers follow the primary verb. For

example: „to build castles in the air’ means to make impossible plans

4) The leading verb is not followed by direct object, but by preposition plus a

noun or nothing, for example: „to dance on the air’ means to get hanged.

5) The leading verb is BE. For example : to be above board means to be out in

the open, honest.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1. Younger Now

1) The form contains the compulsory definite and indefinite article.

 ‘They feel the light’ means „expression in somebody’s eyes which

shows what they are thinking’.

2) The leading verb is not followed by direct object, but by preposition plus

noun.

 ‘Feels like I’ve been living in a dream’means ‘I want to live in an

imagination that happen in my mind, while I am asleep’.

3) The form contains an irreversible binomial introduced by preposition.

 ‘What goes up must come down’ means „things that rise also fall’.

2. Rainbowland

1) A direct object and further possible modifiers follow the primary verb.

 ‘Run you off a CD’ means„give you a CD later’.

 ‘Make a difference in this world’means„make something else in which

two people or things are not like each other’.

 ‘I go hand in hand’ means„holding hands with one another’.

 ‘Chase dreams forever’means„pursue a wish to have or be

something’.

2) The form contains the compulsory definite article and indefinite article.

 ‘Brush the judgement’ means„Don’t really matter what people think’.

3) The form contains the compulsory definite article and indefinite article.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA  ‘I could do a little better’means„changes for a better personality’.

4) The leading verb is not followed by direct object, but by preposition plus

noun.

 ‘Living in a rainbowland’means„we imagine live in a peace and

forget our problems’.

 ‘To live in Paradise’means„to live in the beautiful place’.

5) The leading verb is be.

 ‘Be a greener land’means„a better future’.

3. Love Someone

1) The form contains an irreversible binomial introduced by preposition.

 ‘To go and run another throne’means„move to another man’.

2) The leading verb is BE.

 ‘Be a cold day in hell’ means„The occurance of something that will

never happen’.

3) The form contains the compulsory definite and indefinite article.

 ‘Running towards the sun’means„seize for the future’.

 ‘To make somebody stay’means„keep someone waiting in one place’.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4. Miss You So Much

1) The form contains the compulsory definite and indifinite article.

 ‘I will drink your tears’means„drown all of your sorrow’.

 ‘Take my blood, take my bones’means„kill me, carry my soul away’.

2) The leading verb is not followed by direct object, but by preposition plus

noun.

 ‘I fall in tears’means„start to cry’. The expressionused to express

displeasure or sadness with something.

 ‘You look up at a rainbow’means„searching for a better day’.

 ‘You look up at the cosmos’means„searching for harmony’.

 ‘Counting in light years’means„to count a period of time between

long distance’.

 ‘Living in fear’means„to be afraid of something or someone all the

time’.

3) A direct object and further possible modifiers follow the primary verb.

 ‘Trap you in a locket’means„keep you to be close with me’.

4) The form contains an irreversible binomial introduced by preposition.

 ‘I look at you and I revere’means„your eyes direct towards for

someone and you respect them’.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 5. Inspired

1) The form contains the compulsory definite article and indefinite article.

 ‘We hold the key to change’means„to make it possible to change’.

2) A direct object and further possible modifiers follow the primary verb.

 ‘Pull the handle on the door’means„open the door’.

3) The leading verb is not followed by direct object, but by preposition plus

noun .

 ‘I am writing down my dreams’means„I am going to make my dream

comes true’.

4) The leading verb is Be.

 ‘There won’t be no trees’means„there is no plants’.

6. Bad mood

1) A direct object and further possible modifiers follow the primary verb.

 ‘Got the news’ means „to understand what someone is trying to tell

you, even if they do not say it directly’.

 ‘I got the proof’means„I got the evidence’.

2) The leading verb is not followed by direct object, but by preposition plus

noun.

 ‘It’s gone on way too long’means„it’s been too long’.

3) The leading verb is Be.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA  ‘What life would be if we didn’t meet’ means‘I don’t know what

would happen with me if I we didn’t meet’.

7. Malibu

1) The form contains an irreversible binomial introduced by preposition.

 ‘I am as free as birds means „I amfree to do something that I want’.

 ‘To swim away with the fish’ means ‟to run from the reality’.

 ‘I’m drowning and you’re there to save me’ means „nothing is going

right and you help me’.

2) The form contains the compulsory definite and indefinite article

 ‘We watched the sun means „look at the sun carefully for a period of

time’.

 ‘I make the wishmeans „to make a hope from the bottom of my heart,

sincerely, honestly and with the purest intentions’.

 ‘Catching the wind’ means ‘one strong enough to be felt’.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

4.1 Conclusion

After describing the seven titles of Miley Cyrus‟s in “Younger Now” album that released on September 29, 2017. The first title Younger Now, the writer found five lyrics as the type of phrasal verb, seven lyric as the type of phrasal compound idiom, and three lyrics as the type of tournure idioms. Second title Rainbowland, the writer found seven lyrics as the type of phrasal verb, seven lyrics as the type of phrasal compound idioms, and nine lyrics as the type of tournure idioms. Third title Love Someone, the writer found five lyrics as the type of phrasal verb, ten lyrics as the type of phrasal compound idiom, and four lyrics as the type of tournure idioms. Fourth title Miss You So Much, the writer found six lyrics as the type of phrasal verb, ten lyrics as the type of phrasal compound idioms, and nine lyrics a the type of tournure idioms. Fifth title Inspired, the writer found four lyrics as the type of phrasal verb, four lyrics as the type of phrasal compound idioms, and four lyrics as the type of tournure idioms. Sixth title Bad mood, the writer found seven lyrics as the type of phrasal verb, six lyrics as the type of phrasal compound idioms, and four lyrics as the type of tournure idioms. and the last, seventh title Malibu, the writer found one lyrics as the type of phrasal verb, eight lyrics as the type of phrasal compound idioms, and six lyrics as the type of tournure idioms.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

Based on the descriptive of the lyrics in “Younger Now” album by Miley

Cyrus, from seven titles were classified into three types of idiom based on Makkai theory. Those are: Phrasal verb, phrasal compound idioms, and tournure idioms.The writer conclude that the dominant type of idiom is tournure idioms.

4.2 Suggestion

Based on conclusion above, the writer suggest the following :

1. The student should be able to determine an idiom in a song.

2. For English student, it is very important to learn idiom.

3. To English teacher, they should improve learning about idiom. So, all

students are able to use idiom and understand about the meaning of idiom.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BIBILOGRAPHY

Yule, G. 2006. The Study of Language. 3rd edition. New York: Cambridge

University Press.

Saeed, I. Jhon. 2005. Semantics. Malden: Blackwell Publisher.

Seidl, J and W. McMordie. 1988. English Idioms. 5th edition. New York: Oxford

University Press.

Mc Carthy, M. and O‟Dell, F. 2002. English Idioms in Use. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

Richards, J. C. Schmidt, R. 1985. Longman dictionary of language teaching

and applied linguistics. London: Pearson.

Walker, Read, A. Et. al. 2003. The New International Webster’s Comprehensive

Dictionary of the English Language. Columbia: Trident Press

International.

Makkai, A. 1972. Idiom Structure in English. The Hague: Mouton.

Fry, Bernard. 2007. How to Teach Reading for Teachers, Parents, and Tutors.

Bloomington: Teacher Created Resources.

Winkler, Elizabeth, H. 1990. The Function of Song Contemprory British Drama.

London: Assosiated University Press.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Kapanlagi.com.Accessed in 15 August 2018. From https://m.

kapanlagi.com/lirik/artis/Miley-Cyrus/index2.html.

Google.co.id.Accessed in 15 August 2018. From

https://www.google.co.id/amp/s.www.biography.com.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA APPENDIX

1. A Biodata of Miley Cyrus

Miley Cyrus is a singer, song writer, and actress. Miley Cyrus born

Destiny Hope Cyrus on November 23, 1992, in Franklin, Tennessee. Miley Cyrus is the daughter of '90s country star Billy Ray Cyrus. She later changed her name to "Miley," the nickname she was given as a baby for often smiling.

(2010), while becoming increasingly known for her wild behavior. Her 2013 single "Wrecking Ball," backed by a controversial video, became her first U.S.

No. 1 hit.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2. LYRIC

1. Younger Now

Feels like I just woke up

Like all this time I‟ve been asleep

Even though it‟s not who I am

I‟m not afraid of who I used to be

No one stays the same (oh, oh)

You know what goes up must come down (oh, oh)

Change is a thing you can count on (oh, oh)

I feel so much younger now (oh, oh)

Feels like I‟ve been living in a dream

But never make it to the end

My eyes open when they feel the light

It‟s always right before I‟m about to scream

No one stays the same (oh, oh)

You know what goes up must come down (oh, oh)

Change is a thing you can count on (oh, oh)

I feel so much younger now (oh, oh)

What goes up must come down

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA What goes up must come down

What goes up must come down (yeah)

No one stays the same (oh,oh)

You know what goes comes back around (oh,oh)

Change is a thing you can count on (oh,oh)

I feel so much younger now (oh,oh)

I feel so much younger now (oh, oh)

2. Rainbowland

[Dolly Parton:]

Hey, Miley

It‟s me, I‟m in Nashville

I‟m on my way to Dollywood, busy as you are

Can‟t get enough stuff to do, can‟t

But anyway, I‟m excited about singing with you

So I‟m just gonna turn my CD player on with you singing

I‟m gon‟ put this on a cassette

Sing along with it, and then I‟ll run you off a CD later

Oh, I‟m so high tech

I got a flip phone too

But anyhow, see what you think

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA And mmm, here I go

Come on

[Miley Cyrus & Dolly Parton:]

Livin‟ in a rainbowland

Where everything goes as planned and I smile

„Cause I know if we tried, we could really make a difference in this world

I won‟t give up or sleep a wink

It‟s the only thought I think

You know where I stand

I believe we can start livin‟ in a rainbowland

Livin‟ in a rainbowland

Where you and I go hand in hand

Oh, I‟d be lyin‟ (I‟d be lyin‟), if I said this was fine

All the hurt and the hate going on here (hate going on here)

We are rainbows, me and you

Every color, every hue

Let‟s shine through

Together we can start livin‟ in a rainbowland

Living in a rainbowland

Where skies are blue and things are grand

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Oh, wouldn‟t it be nice to live in paradise

Where we‟re free to be exactly who we are

Let‟s all dig down deep inside

Brush the judgement and fear aside

Make wrong things right (all things right), and end the fight

„Cause I promise ain‟t nobody gonna win

Livin‟ in a rainbowland

Where you and I go hand in hand

Oh, I‟d be lyin‟ (I‟d be lyin‟), if I said this was fine

All the hurt and the hate going on here (hate going on here)

We are rainbows, me and you

Every color, every hue

Let‟s shine through

Together we can start livin‟ in a rainbowland

Livin‟ in a rainbowland

Where you and I go hand in hand together (let‟s do it together)

Change things forever (forever)

I know there‟s got to be a greener plan

We are rainbows, me and you

Every color, every hue

Let‟s shine through (shine my head)

Together we can start livin‟ in a rainbowland

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA [Dolly Parton:]

Hey, Miley

Look, I know it sounds scrambled when I‟m singing it with you

But [?] do a little bit better

At least, I may not get it all the way through

„Cause I‟m not sure of the structure without you

But I think this could work well, don‟t you?

If not, like I said

I‟ll write that love song for you

You probably wrote it about some boy you loved, didn‟t you?

Well…

3. Love Someone

(You gotta love someone)

I don‟t know what you‟ve been told

Or what they say about me

I never give up, but give it a rest

I ain‟t got time to worry about a mess

And I‟m kinda getting tired of dealing with all your stress

I‟m starting to think you have no heart

You don‟t even have a soul

You always give in or you try too late

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA All I do is give and all you do is take

I‟m tired of protecting you from what you need to know, come on

Ever since the day that I met you

I knew you weren‟t the one

But nothing ever stops me from forgetting

Packing all my shit and moving on

I‟m not sure where I‟d even go

Cause I made your house my home

It‟s come to an end, I hate how it‟s been

Lights are getting dim and the walls are caving in

And it‟s time for this queen to go and find another throne

When I give it up, I give it all

I went and made you my life

Don‟t you dare say I don‟t care

When I need you most you know you‟re never there

It‟d be a cold day in hell before I‟d ever be your wife, that‟s right

Ever since the day that I met you

I knew you weren‟t the one

But nothing ever stops me from forgetting

Packing all my shit and moving on

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Kicking off my shoes and running towards the sun

I said “Nothing‟s really worth it unless you‟re having fun”

To make somebody stay

You gotta love someone

Ever since the day that I met you

I knew you weren‟t the one

But nothing ever stops me from forgetting

Packing all my shit and moving on

You gotta love someone

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

4. MISS YOU SO MUCH

They say love can drive ya crazy, my dear

I wanna trap you in a locket, or in my pocket

So I can keep you near

You know I‟d never hurt you

If you fall, I‟d pick you up and I‟d drink your tears

But how can I miss you so much when you‟re right here?

They say good things come to those who wait

It‟s like countin‟ in light years

I‟d physically live without you, but I don‟t want to

And death‟s never been my fear

You can take my blood, take my bones

My heart is yours, I volunteer

But how can I miss you so much when you‟re right here?

When you look up at a rainbow

Do you ever wonder what‟s really waiting at the end?

I don‟t want no gold, nothing‟s more than you

The amount is hard to even comprehend

Nothing I can do, I lost control

Something we hold on to so dear

But how can I miss you so much when you‟re right here?

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA And how at this optimal time did you just appear?

Everyone under their guard is so full of shit

But you are just so sheer

You‟re my God, you‟re my faith

On my knees, I look at you and I revere

But how can I miss you so much when you‟re right here?

When you look up at the cosmos

Do you ever wonder if there‟s really even an end?

It might go on forever, like my love for you

An amount that‟s hard to even comprehend

I won‟t waste my time with wonder, in apprehension, or livin‟ life in fear

But how can I miss you so much when you‟re right here?

You‟re my God, you‟re my faith

On my knees, I look at you and I revere

You can take my blood, take my bones

My heart is yours, I volunteer

But how can I miss you so much when you‟re right here?

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 5. Inspired

I‟m writing down my dreams, all I‟d like to see

Starting with the bees or else they‟re gonna die

There won‟t be no trees or air for us to breathe

I‟ll start feeling mad, but then I feel inspired

Thinking about the days coming home with dirty feet

From playing with my dad all day in the creek

He somehow has a way of knowing who to say

So when I‟m feeling sad, he makes me feel inspired

We are meant for more

Pull the handle on the door that opens up to change

I know that sounds so strange

„Cause you‟ve always felt so small, but know you aren‟t at all

And I hope you feel inspired

Oh, I hope you feel inspired

How can we escape all the fear and all the hate?

Is anyone watching us down here?

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Death is life, it‟s not a curse

Reminds us of time and what it‟s worth

To make the most out of it while we‟re here

We are meant for more

Pull the handle on the door that opens up to change

I know it sounds so strange

We are meant for more

There‟s a lock upon the door, but we hold the key to change

But how can we escape all the fear and all the hate?

Is anyone watching us down here?

6. Bad mood Oh-oh-oh I wake up in a bad mood Oh-oh-oh I wake up in a bad mood I always wake up in a bad mood I can never fall asleep I‟m always thinki‟ bout you What life would be if we didn‟t meet I always wake up in a bad mood Open my eyes, then I‟m on my feet

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA And I wonder what you would do, yeah If you couldn‟t rely on me Oh-oh-oh I wake up in a bad mood Oh-oh-oh I wake up in a bad mood And you know that I got the proof We‟re held together just by a string And why you‟re hanging around with your crew I been balancin‟ too many things I always wake up in a bad mood I‟m sick of rushing straight to the sink You‟re acting like you ain‟t got the news I don‟t even really care what you think But what I do, you know I do with love I believe in more than you can see And you know I‟m never give up I ain‟t stopping till I know I‟m free Oh-oh-oh I wake up in a bad mood The glass ceiling‟s gitta break All together, wanna hear you say “I don‟t know how much more I can take” You know it‟s gone on way too long (don‟t ya?) And you know it‟s wrong (don‟t ya?) But I know I‟m strong (don‟t ya?) And when it gets rough (rough)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA I get tough (tough) I‟ve had enough Oh-oh-oh I wake up in a bad mood Oh-oh-oh I wake up in a bad mood And when the light starts getting dim I‟ll open windowns up and let it in Sometimes it feels like it‟s „bout to end Before it‟s all about to begin Oh-oh-oh I wake up in a bad mood Oh-oh-oh I wake up in a bad mood

7. Malibu I never came to the beach or stood by the ocean I never sat by the shore under the sun with my feet in the sand But you brought me here and I‟m happy that you did „Cause now I‟m as free as birds catching the wind I always thought I would sink, so I never swam I never went boatin‟, don‟t get how they are floatin‟ And sometimes I get so scared of what I can‟t understand But here I am Next to you The sky is more blue

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA In Malibu Next to you In Malibu Next to you We watch the sun go down as we were walking I‟d spend the rest of my life just standing here talking You would explain the current, as I just smile Hoping I just stay the sama and nothing will change And it‟ll be us, just for a while Do we even exist? That‟s when I make the wish To swim away with the fish Is it supposed to be this hot all summer long? I never would‟ve believed you If three years ago you told me I‟d be here writing this song But here I am Next to you The sky is so blue In Malibu Next to you In Malibu Next to you Next to you The sky is so blue In Malibu we are just like the waves that flow back and forth

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Sometimes I feel like I‟m drowning and you‟re there to save me And I wanna thank you with all of my heart It‟s a brand new start A dream come true In Malibu

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA