ANNUAL STATUS OF EDUCATION REPORT (ASER) 2019 PROVINCE 2,

A CONSULTATIVE REPORT Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) Nepal 2019 Province 2 (Rural and Urban) Date of Publication : December 2019

This is a consultative ASER Province 2, 2019 Report based on the data received from Palikas collected by community assessers till June 2019.

Photos: All photos taken by ASER Volunteers and Our Partner Organizations during the survey.

Layout & Design : Amogh Dhakhwa, ASER Nepal

Published by: ASER Nepal Post Box No. 9434, Gyaneshwor,

Partner Organizations:

Supported by:

DISCLAIMER: The information provided in the report does not reflect the views of the donors or the partner organizations. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Improving the state of education in Nepal requires good policy and leadership. But it also requires a citizenry that is concerned about education and actively seeks to understand its issues and challenges. A citizen-led assessment (CLA) like ASER depends on the efforts of many volunteers. So we must begin by thanking the most important people in any CLA, the field volunteers that went walking from house-to- house and gathered data. We are very grateful to the 4844 youths from 136 palikas that gave up a week of their time to run this assessment.

We would like to thank the Chief Minister, Ministers, Secretaries, Officers, Mayors and elected representatives of all the local governments in province 2 for their commitment to evidence-based decision making. We hope the evidence produced by this CLA will encourage mayors and local municipal governments to engage and trust the youth in their areas to gather evidence on important matters concerning local governance. We are also grateful to the various community organizations and schools that supported us in recruiting volunteers, hosting orientations and trainings, providing training and recruitment venues, and allowing us to store the large volume of paper needed to survey 45,550 households. We express our gratitude to all the civil society leaders from each of these institutions who welcomed us and made their personnel and resources available to us.

We are very grateful to our Master Trainers for their critical work in making the CLA successful. The 136 master trainers volunteered 4 weeks of their time to adopt the multi-step training process. First, they learned how to conduct a CLA themselves, then they recruited the volunteers in each ward of Province 2, then taught the CLA methods to those local volunteers and finally supervised the data collection process to ensure the data was valid. We acknowledge the support from the training team that coached and mentored the Master Trainers. We would like to thank key members from the training team, Pavitra Bahadur Gautam, Prabesh Raj Joshi, Kriti Shree Giri, Anuradha Shrestha and Samjhana Balami, for their time and efforts to make the Master Trainers’ Training fruitful.

Officers from the Central Bureau of Statistics, especially the Household Sampling Unit, and Statisticians from Tribhuvan University and Kathmandu University School of Management volunteered their time and expertise to set the assessment methodology. We are especially grateful to Anaraj Tiwari, Balkrishna Khadka, and Chandra KC for helping us finalize the assessment methodology. Without their support, it would not have been possible for us to navigate the many statistical and technical issues a CLA of this scale possesses.

The assessment tools and survey questionnaires were developed with support from many intellectuals and experts. Ketan and Winny from the PAL Network Secretariat were instrumental during the final stages of building the Minimum Proficiency Framework and the ASER Assessment tools. Sincere thanks to Shyam Acharya from the Education Review Office, Ministry of Education; Prof. Ramesh Bhattarai, head of Nepali Curriculum Experts Committee at Curriculum Development Center; professors from Tribhuvan University; school teachers from Brihaspati Vidya Sadan (Kathmandu), Jana Uddhar Secondary School (Kathmandu), Churiyamai Secondary School (Makawanpur) and Kalika Secondary School (Sindhupalchowk) for their

- 1 - support in developing the ASER assessment tools. Kumar Thapa, Pradip Giri, Keshab Khatiwada, Mamata Shankar Joshi, Anjila Shrestha, and Rajan Maharjan deserve special thanks for supporting our pilot test in Kathmandu, Makwanpur, Sindhupalchok and Sindhuli.

Our designer Amogh Dhakhwa and printer Ram Kaji Khadgi supported us in the layout and production of the material we needed to conduct this assessment. Sabhyata Timsina from the Karkhana research team paid careful attention to minimize errors and simplify the language. We are grateful for their diligence and commitment.

We also wish to thank the ASER team and the PAL Network for their support over the years. We wish to extend a very special thanks to Ranajit Bhattacharya, Sujit Kumar and Vikash Kumar from the ASER India team who have been instrumental in the success of this assessment. They ensured that all of us in Nepal had opportunities to learn from ASER India’s 14 years of experience in citizen-led assessment.

Nothing in this world is possible without a great team and we were lucky to have in our team Kshitiz Basnet, and other supporting hands from Street Child Nepal; Pramila Bisunke and Samjhana Balami from ASER Nepal; and Nawal Kishor , Dineshwar Shah, and several other encouraging friends from Aasaman Nepal who support our mission to ensure that every Nepali child learns.

This assessment has been possible from the support from UK Aid Direct, and their support has been crucial in making this assessment happen.

Co-directors of ASER Nepal Rajib Timalsina & Sakar Pudasaini

- 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1 ACRONYMS 4 WHY A CONSULTATIVE REPORT? 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 CONTEXT 13 METHODOLOGY 17 FINDINGS AT PROVINCE LEVEL 28 FINDINGS AT DISTRICT LEVEL 35 FINDINGS AT LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEVEL 76 CONCLUSION 86

- 3 - ACRONYMS

ACER Australian Council for Educational Research

ASER Annual Status in Education Report

CAS Continuous Assessment System

CBS Central Bureau of Statistics

CDC Curriculum Development Center

CLA Citizen Led Assessments

CSO Civil Society Organizations

DFID Department for International Development

ECD Early Childhood Development

ERO Education Review Office

GoN Government of Nepal

KG Kindergarten

LG Local Government

MDG Millennium Development Goals

NASA National Assessment of Student Achievement

OOS Out of School

PAL People’s Action for Learning

PPS Probability Propotional to Size

PWD People with Disabilities

SCN Street Child Nepal

SDG Sustainable Development Goals

- 4 - WHY A CONSULTATIVE REPORT?

n early 2019, a household-based citizen-led assessment (CLA) was carried out in Province 2 using the ASER Nepal methodology and testing tools. The initiative was supported by Street Child Nepal’s Breaking the Bonds program (funded by DFID). The assessment work was jointly implemented by Street IChild Nepal, AASAMAN and ASER Nepal.

Citizen assessors visited all wards in the 136 local government units or palikas in Province 2. In each ward, they visited households selected through random sampling. A total of 44,000 households were surveyed. In each surveyed household, basic demographic data was collected from all household members. Household members from age 5 to 16 were given an one-on-one oral learning assessment test in three areas - English literacy, Nepali literacy and Math. The testing tools for each of the three assessments were pegged to minimum competency at the 3rd grade level of the national curriculum.

The consultative report is being released to start a conversation on the role citizen-led assessments can play in supporting the education ecosystem and education policy-making in Nepal. While some discussion about the results of assessments are appropriate, we encourage stakeholders to focus the discussion on the role a CLA could play in the education ecosystem focusing on the current learning levels and potential interventions/methodologies to address the learning crisis. The ASER has a rich history across South Asia of engaging youth, local governments and policy-makers around the common issue of learning outcomes. CLAs have also demonstrated value across the Global South. But as these efforts are new to Nepal, discussions on the specific forms they should take in Nepal are necessary.

- 5 - This report aims to engage stakeholders on: 1. the aims of a CLA and the appropriateness of those aims in Nepal 2. identifying actors who may benefit from a CLA’s easy to execute methodology 3. locating a Nepali ASER within the wider set of learning data being generated, such as NASA 4. Identifying where ASER findings could feed into the policy-making and program development process Based on input provided during the consultative phase, a final analysis of the ASER Pradesh 2 data will be conducted. A final report will follow.

QUESTIONS FOR CONSULTATION

1. How can a low-stakes, orally conducted, household-based assessment add to existing data on learning? Additionally, does an oral assessment give us more details on students who are recorded as failing on written exams because they lack foundational literacy and math skills?

2. Should special emphasis be given to improve the visibility of Out of School children whose learning outcomes are significantly worse than their in-school peers?

3. Would an assessment that is easy to execute and understand be useful to the subnational government or CSOs at the local level? Local governments now have greater responsibilities in the education sector. An assessment methodology that fits local budgets and technical capacities will be useful. If palika authorities and CSOs find the results actionable, the assessments would also aid evidence-based policy-making at subnational levels.

4. What kind of questions could be added to the assessment and survey to support decision making by both development partners and state actors? This round of the ASER captured a range of data based on global best practices and input from Nepali experts. Stakeholder reaction to this first assessment will, however, point to additional data to be captured.

- 6 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

PRELIMINARY FINDINGS

he data was analysed through three major lenses: geography, gender, and enrollment. Geographically, the findings were classified as (rural municipalities), nagarpalika (urban municipalities) and upamahanagarpalika (sub-metropolitan) and mahanagarpalika (metropolitan Tcities) as per the administrative classification of local government units. Gender included only male and female, as other gender categories had insufficient data for analysis. Attendance included enrolled and Out of School children.

Some major points to note are: 1. Learning outcomes for Out of School children are significantly worse than for in-school children. As many national data sets do not capture learning outcomes from Out Of School children it is important to consider how they can be made visible to policy makers. 2. Females underperform in both learning and enrollment. 3. There is virtually no performance gap between children in gaunpalika and nagarpalika. This perhaps reflects the fact that many nagarpalika were until recently classified as rural areas; thus they retain significant rural clusters. 4. Children in the highly urbanized upamahanagarpalika (sub-metropolitan) and mahanagarpalika (metropolitan cities) perform much higher than the average.

- 7 - FACTSHEET: SCALE AND SCOPE

1 Province (Province 2)

3 8 136 Implementing Districts Master Partners Trainers

136 1271 4708 Palikas Wards Community Volunteers

45550 68941 137698 Households Children aged 5-16 Children aged 5-16 Sampled years Assessed years Surveyed

- 8 - ANALYSIS

1.6 out of 10 children who have completed 5th grade read Nepali, English and do Math at a 3rd grade level.

4 out of 10 children who have completed 8th grade read Nepali, English and do Math at a 3rd grade level.

1.3 out of 10 girls who have completed 5th grade read Nepali, English and do Math at a 3rd grade level.

3.2 out of 10 girls who have completed 8th grade read Nepali, English and do Math at a 3rd grade level.

9.1% of children Only 0.9% of children aged 5-16 are of these children can read out of school. Nepali, English and do arithmetic at a 3rd grade level.

- 9 - 10.4% of girls of girls aged 5-16 are out of school. This 97433 girls across Pradesh 2.

63.7% of children of children aged 3 and 4 are not enrolled in formal education like ECD, Montessori, KG etc. This is 90725 children across pradesh 2

64.3% of girls of girls aged 3 and 4 are not enrolled in formal education like ECD, Montessori, KG etc. This leads to the projection that 45613 girls across pradesh 2 are not enrolled in pre-school.

Across the Pradesh

Children study in Children study in Children study in Community/Govt. schools private schools religious schools.

62.6% 36.3% 1.2%

- 10 - In Gaunpalika

Children study in Children study in Children study in Community/Govt. schools private schools religious schools.

65.7% 33.3% 1.1%

In Nagarpalika

Children study in Children study in Children study in Community/Govt. schools private schools religious schools.

62.0% 36.7% 1.3%

In Upamahanagarpalika and Mahanagarpalika

Children study in Children study in Children study in Community/Govt. schools private schools religious schools.

40.8% 58.8% 0.4%

- 11 - - 12 - 1 CONTEXT ASER A Consultative Report Province - Context

hy should we care whether children are learning? The reasons - from greater life expectancy to better citizenship, from increased lifetime earning to social justice - are manifold. In Nepal, the issue takes on even more importance. Over 40% of Nepal’s population is under 16 years old W(Central Bureau of Statistics/Government of Nepal, 2011) and they need to be ready to face an uncertain, volatile and changing world. One of the greatest educational milestones of the past few decades is that most of them are going to school. Like in other parts of the developing world, primary school enrollment rates have improved in Nepal in the last 15 years - net enrollment has increased from 72.61% in 2000 to 96.33% in 2016 (UNESCO Institute of Statistics, 2017). As a result, Nepal has almost met Goal 2 of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to “achieve universal primary education”. But serious concerns about quality and equity in education remain. The graduation from MDGs to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has attempted to address the same concerns. SDG 4 aims to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities”.This raises some important questions: how do we track and measure the quality of education? What tools are simple enough and cost-effective for local governments to implement themselves? What tools not only gather data but also engage citizens to raise awareness and improve accountability? After a wide review of available tools and methods around the world, ASER Nepal felt that citizen-led assessments stood out as the most appropriate and adaptable for Nepal.

WHAT IS A CITIZEN LED ASSESSMENT (CLA)?

Citizen-led assessments (CLAs) emerged in India in 2005 as a way to raise awareness and advocacy around low learning levels and to act as a force for bottom-up accountability and action that would improve education quality and learning. Thousands of volunteers travelled to their neighborhood villages/ settlements and administered simple reading and arithmetic tests to the children in households they visited. To understand Citizen-led Assessment well, both terms need to be examined independently. Citizen-led means that all activities are conducted by common citizens. These citizens are usually volunteers who take the opportunity to connect with communities across the country and gather data that could contribute towards improving learning outcomes. Results for Development, the global nonprofit development organization argues that what distinguishes CLAs from other assessment tools is that “they combine learning measurement approaches (from the education field) with citizen-monitoring approaches (from the transparency and accountability field) to engage ordinary citizens in the assessment of children’s learning (Result for Development Institute, 2015).”

The ASER is not led by the government nor by any technical specialist. Though technical experts design its methods, it is led and executed by common people. ASER is citizen-led because it is a way for all of us, especially youth, to engage in making the education system better for everyone. Assessment means checking the results of something. In this case, we are checking if young learners can read in English and Nepali, as well as do Math at the 3rd grade level.

One of the major methodological strengths of CLAs is that it focuses on measuring only very simple learning outcomes in reading and math. As a technical review by the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) (2013) concludes, “What CLAs test, they test well”. In other words, the outcomes that CLAs measure are as effective and as scientifically valid as other more expensive assessments.

- 14 - WHAT IS THE ASER?

ASER is a CLA that has been adopted by 4 countries across South Asia. India and Pakistan have run nationwide CLAs in education since 2005 and 2008 respectively. Bangladesh and Nepal are recent additions to the ASER family. In ASER, household-based surveys cover a wide category of children from private and public schools as well as Out Of School children.

ASER Nepal is a member of People’s Action for Learning Network (PAL), a global network which is a South-South partnership of countries working across three continents to assess basic reading and math competencies. Member organizations of the PAL Network from Asian, African and Latin American countries conduct citizen-led assessments and citizen-led actions aimed at improving learning outcomes. ASER Nepal seeks to adopt the best practices from the global CLAs, particularly tools and techniques that have been successfully adapted to the local context. ASER Nepal in Province 2 followed these three major methodological processes:

1. Sampling (selecting households for assessment): The sampling method for this ASER followed a rigorous, scientific process that involved consultation with university professors and experts from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The method we chose follows that of other surveys conducted by the other national statistics offices of Nepal. 2. Survey (gathering information about the household and its members): After sampling households, trained community volunteers collected some information about the households by conducting the household survey. 3. Assessment (assessing all children between 5 - 16 in the selected household): After gathering information about the household, every child in the household who was between the age of 5 and 16 were assessed. We used the child testing tool to assess the ability of each child to read and do math at a 3rd grade level. All volunteers were trained in the standardized assessment process through a workshop, roleplays and piloting.

In Nepal’s new federal structure, ASER Nepal has two strong focuses. First, it strongly focuses on mobilizing local youth and engaging them in education activism. Second, it is interested in collaborating with nagarpalika/ gaunpalika mayors to create a cheap and effective way for these leaders to get education data. ASER Nepal is a good platform to connect the local to the global, as it allows the ward and local governments to understand their own progress towards SDG 4 goals.

- 15 - - 16 - 2 METHODOLOGY ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Methodology

The idea of conducting province level citizen-led assessment emerged during a consultation between implementing partners in Lalitpur, Nepal on 6 December 2018. On 15 December 2018, a consultation was held with wider local partners, stakeholders and implementing partners in in Province 2. Following that meeting, the implementing partners corresponded with the local government in Province 2 through introduction letters and concept notes about citizen-led assessment. The stakeholders, province government officials and local government representatives responded positively towards the proposed provincial level citizen-led assessment on learning outcomes. Implementing partners’ first planning meeting was held in Kathmandu on 11 January 2019, and then a wider consultative planning meeting with the provincial government and stakeholders was held on 22 January 2019. It took the entire month of February 2019 to finalize the work plan, develop a memorandum of understanding between implementing partners and get approval for finances and budget. The citizen-led assessment using ASER tools was conducted in Province 2 between March-June 2019.

The methodological flow chart of the research process is as follows:

PROVINCE TWO LEVEL ASER 2019

March 2019

1. Textbooks of grades 1, 2 and 3 from the Nepali curriculum were analysed. 2. For both reading (Nepali and English) and math, two sets of learning assessment tools were prepared. 3. Tools were pilot tested among 480 children of grade 1-8 in 1 private school (Brihaspati Vidya Sadan), and 2 government/community schools (Jana Uddhar Secondary School and Churiyamai Secondary School). 4. A seminar to discuss question items from the testing tool was held that brought together experts and intellectuals from universities, the Education Review Office and Curriculum Development Center. School teachers and university students were also present to discuss findings from the piloting of testing tools. Technical experts from the PAL Network secretariat and ASER India team were consulted about the testing tools. 5. The Minimum Proficiency Framework for ASER Nepal Province 2 was developed and finalized. 6. Four sets of testing tools for reading (Nepali and English) and math were developed. 7. The household questionnaires were developed after consultation with experts, statisticians and university professors. 8. The testing tools and household questionnaires were pilot tested and finalized. 9. The sampling framework was developed and finalized after consultation with officials from the Central Bureau of Statistics.

- 18 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Methodology

10. 136 Master Trainers for 136 rural and urban municipalities of Province 2 were recruited. 11. Materials for the training of trainers were developed and Master Trainers were trained in , Mahottari on 25-29 March 2019 including one day field pilot practice in Kamalamai municipality in .

April 2019

1. Master Trainers selected volunteers from a list of volunteers at ward level in 1271 wards from each palika of Province 2. 2. Altogether 4,708 community volunteers were finalized and training of CLA method was conducted at palika level which included introduction to assessment methods, role plays,1 day field practice, and a final round of quiz to check their understanding. 3. The actual survey was conducted in the given number of sampled households in each ward of all the palikas of Province 2. In all wards, the volunteers started their household survey from the north-east of geographical boundaries. The first household to be surveyed was assigned to them through a randomized 1 digit number generated by a computer assisted software. Then the volunteers listed all the households in the assigned area and surveyed every fifth household in the left direction. Each ward was allocated a specific number of households based on the PPS sampling method. 4. In Province 2, ASER listed 2,27,750 households in total and sampled and surveyed 45550 households. The local government unit wise sample size is listed in the table below. 5. In each household, demographic data and facilities available at the household were gathered and details of all the family members were collected. 6. Children from age 5-16 were assessed on basic math and reading (Nepali and English) using the assessment tools which were developed against grade 3 level in highest performance. Our volunteers gathered information about 137698 children aged 5-16 years. From that number, 68941 children were assessed. The assessed children were those that were present at the households on the day of the survey. 7. The data collection, and assessment process by community volunteers was closely monitored by Master Trainers in each palika. The monitoring team was formed by the implementing partners for each district of Province 2 and also a team from ASER India visited the field.

- 19 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Methodology

May 2019

1. After the survey booklets were submitted, randomly selected households were rechecked through phone calls and at least one palika in all districts were rechecked physically by the ASER Nepal team to make sure the survey followed a standard process.

June 2019

1. The collected survey booklet was compiled at the district level, and data-entry was conducted using CS-Pro Software at the district level.

July 2019

1. After data analysis, preliminary findings were presented to implementing partners.

Report

1. Consultative report was finalized and published.

- 20 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Methodology

ASER PROCESS IN NEPAL

STEP 0 INFORMING COMMUNITY LEADERS:

During the preliminary stages, we visited local community leaders’ offices, informed them about the assessment and sought additional approval when required.

STEP 1 CHOOSING THE HOUSEHOLDS:

We conducted the assessment in all 1271 wards of 136 palika. All the households in the sample area were listed with basic demographic details in the ‘Ward Household Listing Form’ and the sampled households were marked in the list. Each local level had a sample allocation sheet (See Table 1.1) and each ward had specified a fixed number of households that needed to be sampled based on PPS sampling method. Volunteers chose specific sample households from the fixed number of households to be sampled that were drawn from the PPS method. In each ward, ASER volunteers started their survey from the north-east corner of the ward. They selected the first household which corresponded to the random number between 1-5 generated by a random number generator software that was given to them beforehand by statisticians. After completing the survey in the first household, volunteers used the fifth household rule to select the rest of the households.

STEP 2 COLLECTING HOUSEHOLD INFORMATION:

Collecting Household Information: Once volunteers selected the household to survey and assess, they collected information about the household assets, facilities, household members, their qualifications and other required information.

STEP 3 ASSESSING THE CHILDREN:

Assessing the Children: Every child in the age group 5-16 in the sampled households was assessed on their ability to read in Nepali and English, as well as their ability to do basic math.

- 21 - Table 1.1: Sample Size at the Palika Level of ASER 2019 Province Two

Households at Household local Level S.N. District Local Level_name Local Level type Local Level Size sample Quota 1 Bara Jitpur Simara Sub-Metropolitian City Upanagarpalika 21670 4.38 500 2 Bara Sub-Metropolitian City Upanagarpalika 18689 6.13 500 3 Bara Municipality Nagarpalika 8111 5.27 350 4 Bara Mahagadhimai Municipality Nagarpalika 7773 6.69 350 5 Bara Nijagadh Municipality Nagarpalika 7162 4.92 350 6 Bara Municipality Nagarpalika 4707 6.79 350 7 Bara Simroungadh Municipality Nagarpalika 7093 6.38 350 8 Bara Aadarsha Kotwal Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3960 6.93 300 9 Bara Baragadhi Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4270 6.33 300 10 Bara Bishrampur Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3395 7.34 300 11 Bara Devtal Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3185 7.77 300 12 Bara Karaiyamai Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4173 6.11 300 13 Bara Parawanipur Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3166 7.23 300 14 Bara Pheta Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3585 6.81 300 15 Bara Prasauni Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3626 6.85 300 16 Bara Subarna Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4035 7.33 300 17 Dhanusa Janakpur Sub-Metropolitian City Upanagarpalika 30589 4.88 500 18 Dhanusa Bideha Municipality Nagarpalika 5817 5.82 350 19 Dhanusa Chhireshwornath Municipality Nagarpalika 7775 6.18 350 20 Dhanusa Dhanushadham Municipality Nagarpalika 8715 5.28 350 21 Dhanusa Ganeshman Charnath Municipality Nagarpalika 7037 5.24 350 22 Dhanusa Hansapur Municipality Nagarpalika 6912 5.52 350 23 Dhanusa Kamala Municipality Nagarpalika 6999 5.07 350 24 Dhanusa Municipality Nagarpalika 6066 5.45 350 25 Dhanusa Nagarpalika 8229 5.52 350 26 Dhanusa Municipality Nagarpalika 6365 5.67 350 27 Dhanusa Sabaila Municipality Nagarpalika 10073 5.57 350 28 Dhanusa Shahidnagar Municipality Nagarpalika 8671 5.64 350 29 Dhanusa Aurahi Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4003 5.34 300 30 Dhanusa Bateshwor Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3671 6 300 31 Dhanusa Dhanauji Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3717 5.27 300 32 Dhanusa Janak Nandini Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4461 5.27 300 33 Dhanusa Laxminiya Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4995 5.7 300 34 Dhanusa Mukhiyapatti Musaharmiya Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4130 6.4 300 35 Mahottari Aurahi Municipality Nagarpalika 5822 5.24 350 36 Mahottari Balawa Municipality Nagarpalika 7661 5.93 350 37 Mahottari Bardibas Municipality Nagarpalika 13113 4.3 350 38 Mahottari Municipality Nagarpalika 8560 6.1 350 39 Mahottari Gaushala Municipality Nagarpalika 11893 5.37 350 40 Mahottari Jaleshwor Municipality Nagarpalika 10034 5.81 350 41 Mahottari Municipality Nagarpalika 7317 5.58 350 42 Mahottari Manara Shisawa Municipality Nagarpalika 8532 6 350 43 Mahottari Matihani Municipality Nagarpalika 5226 6.31 350 44 Mahottari Ram Gopalpur Municipality Nagarpalika 5257 5.87 350 45 Mahottari Ekadara Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4809 6.27 300 - 22 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Methodology

Households at Household local Level S.N. District Local Level_name Local Level type Local Level Size sample Quota 46 Mahottari Mahottari Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4861 5.87 300 47 Mahottari Pipara Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 6490 5.58 300 48 Mahottari Samsi Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 5382 6.13 300 49 Mahottari Sonama Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 6341 5.84 300 50 Parsa Metropolitian City Mahanagarpalika 39286 6.62 800 51 Parsa Municipality Nagarpalika 5681 7.05 350 52 Parsa Municipality Nagarpalika 6412 5.42 350 53 Parsa Pokhariya Municipality Nagarpalika 4875 6.73 350 54 Parsa Bindabasini Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3576 6.83 300 55 Parsa Chhipaharmai Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3983 6.13 300 56 Parsa Dhobini Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 2975 6.65 300 57 Parsa Jagarnathpur Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4953 6.31 300 58 Parsa Jirabhawani Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4117 5.94 300 59 Parsa Kalikamai Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3042 7.11 300 60 Parsa Pakaha Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3038 6.62 300 61 Parsa Paterwa Sugauli Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4002 6.53 300 62 Parsa Prasauni Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 5329 5.44 300 63 Parsa Thori Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4247 5.27 300 64 Boudhimai Municipality Nagarpalika 4807 6.91 350 65 Rautahat Brindaban Municipality Nagarpalika 6374 6.58 350 66 Rautahat Nagarpalika 13445 5.19 350 67 Rautahat Municipality Nagarpalika 4691 6.79 350 68 Rautahat Gadhimai Municipality Nagarpalika 6069 6.11 350 69 Rautahat Nagarpalika 7444 7.15 350 70 Rautahat Gaur Municipality Nagarpalika 5635 6.65 350 71 Rautahat Gujara Municipality Nagarpalika 7391 5.56 350 72 Rautahat Ishanath Municipality Nagarpalika 5834 7.31 350 73 Rautahat Municipality Nagarpalika 5919 6.61 350 74 Rautahat Municipality Nagarpalika 5479 6.29 350 75 Rautahat Maulapur Municipality Nagarpalika 3830 6.52 350 76 Rautahat Nagarpalika 5380 7.1 350 77 Rautahat Municipality Nagarpalika 5633 6.53 350 78 Rautahat Municipality Nagarpalika 5365 6.48 350 79 Rautahat Rajpur Municipality Nagarpalika 5768 7.16 350 80 Rautahat Durga Bhagawati Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3812 5.93 300 81 Rautahat Yamunamai Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3776 6.36 300 82 Saptari Bode Municipality Nagarpalika 8022 5.35 350 83 Saptari Dakneshwori Municipality Nagarpalika 8149 5.3 350 84 Saptari Hanumannagar Kankalini Municipality Nagarpalika 8152 5.72 350 85 Saptari Municipality Nagarpalika 10192 6.03 350 86 Saptari Khadak Municipality Nagarpalika 8615 5.38 350 87 Saptari Municipality Nagarpalika 13350 5.56 350 88 Saptari Municipality Nagarpalika 4539 4.16 350 89 Saptari Municipality Nagarpalika 6764 4.9 350 90 Saptari Nagarpalika 8650 4.83 350

- 23 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Methodology

Households at Household local Level S.N. District Local Level_name Local Level type Local Level Size sample Quota 91 Saptari Agmisair Krishna Sabaran Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 5422 5.01 300 92 Saptari Balan-Bihul Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3976 4.91 300 93 Saptari Bishnupur Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4370 5.84 300 94 Saptari Chhinnamasta Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 5439 5.61 300 95 Saptari Mahadewa Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 5395 5.66 300 96 Saptari Rajgud Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 5242 6.03 300 97 Saptari Rupani Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 5012 5.44 300 98 Saptari Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 5697 5.62 300 99 Saptari Tirahut Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4078 5.69 300 100 Sarlahi Bagmati Municipality Nagarpalika 7984 4.91 350 101 Sarlahi Balara Municipality Nagarpalika 7693 5.36 350 102 Sarlahi Barahathawa Municipality Nagarpalika 11853 5.86 350 103 Sarlahi Municipality Nagarpalika 7902 5.57 350 104 Sarlahi Haripur Municipality Nagarpalika 6517 4.88 350 105 Sarlahi Municipality Nagarpalika 5904 6.57 350 106 Sarlahi Municipality Nagarpalika 8601 5.07 350 107 Sarlahi Ishworpur Municipality Nagarpalika 11073 5.7 350 108 Sarlahi Kabilashi Municipality Nagarpalika 6871 5.79 350 109 Sarlahi Municipality Nagarpalika 12238 4.88 350 110 Sarlahi Malangawa Municipality Nagarpalika 7912 5.83 350 111 Sarlahi Basbariya Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3699 6.9 300 112 Sarlahi Bishnu Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4008 5.18 300 113 Sarlahi Brahmapuri Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4735 6.08 300 114 Sarlahi Chakraghatta Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4409 5.66 300 115 Sarlahi Chandranagar Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 5540 6.21 300 116 Sarlahi Dhanakaul Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3964 6.23 300 117 Sarlahi Kaudena Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4073 6.49 300 118 Sarlahi Parsa Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3342 6.5 300 119 Sarlahi Ramnagar Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4485 5.99 300 120 Siraha Dhangadhimai Municipality Nagarpalika 8757 5.22 350 121 Siraha Golbazar Municipality Nagarpalika 10110 4.98 350 122 Siraha Kalyanpur Municipality Nagarpalika 9391 4.95 350 123 Siraha Karjanha Municipality Nagarpalika 6088 4.93 350 124 Siraha Lahan Municipality Nagarpalika 17182 5.21 350 125 Siraha Mirchaiya Municipality Nagarpalika 9333 5.2 350 126 Siraha Siraha Municipality Nagarpalika 15477 5.08 350 127 Siraha Sukhipur Municipality Nagarpalika 6734 5.27 350 128 Siraha Arnama Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4047 6 300 129 Siraha Aurahi Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4245 5.36 300 130 Siraha Bariyarpatti Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4264 6.38 300 131 Siraha Bhagawanpur Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3661 5.66 300 132 Siraha Bishnupur Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3469 5.48 300 133 Siraha Laxmipur Patari Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 4830 6.05 300 134 Siraha Naraha Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3673 5.23 300 135 Siraha Nawarajpur Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3280 5.2 300 136 Siraha Sakhuwa Nankarkatti Gaunpalika Gaunpalika 3388 5.82 300

- 24 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Methodology

Sample 1 Nepali Testing Tool

Sample 1 English Testing Tool

- 25 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Methodology

HOW TO TEST BASIC MATH?

- 26 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Methodology

Sample 1 Math Testing Tool

- 27 - 3 FINDINGS AT PROVINCE LEVEL ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at Province Level

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Table 2.1 - Minimum Literacy and Math Competency Measured At 3rd Grade Level

All (Literacy & Nepali Literacy English Literacy Math Math) Student Type All Female All Female All Female All Female 5th Grade Completed 16.2% 13.1% 31.6% 28.4% 23.3% 18.2% 32.4% 26.8% 8th Grade Completed 39.7% 32.5% 49.6% 44.2% 37.6% 31.0% 47.8% 40.8% "Out-of-School Children" 0.9% 0.8% 1.5% 1.2% 1.1% 0.9% 1.9% 1.6%

Table 2.1. shows that overall learning levels are quite low. Only 16.2% of children who have completed 5th grade are able to read in Nepali, English and do math at a 3rd grade level. Only 39.7% of children who have completed 8th grade are able to do the same. While this shows that children make some progress through school, it remains a significant challenge that 60% of children in grade 8 are still below a 3rd grade competency. Performance in Nepali is the highest, with almost half of 8th graders able to read at a 3rd grade level. Performance in math is slightly lower but close to that in Nepali reading. Performance in English reading is weakest.

The performance of female children is weaker than average across the board, indicating that the gender gap in foundational skills persists. The performance of Out Of School children is dismal. Less than 1% of Out of School children can perform at a 3rd grade level. As most school-based assessments miss out on this group, it is important to think about how to make them visible.

Table 2.2 - Learning Outcome of School Enrolled Children aged 5 - 16 Years

NEPALI LITERACY

Performance Level Recognizes Reads Reads Reads Comprehends Class Group Beginner Letters Words Sentences Stories Stories 1-3 35.5% 28.2% 14.6% 9.9% 6.8% 5.1% 100% 4-5 9.6% 16.1% 16.2% 19.2% 19.2% 19.6% 100% 6-8 4.9% 7.5% 9.4% 14.2% 24.1% 39.9% 100% 9 and above 4.3% 3.3% 3.5% 6.3% 15.0% 67.6% 100%

ENGLISH LITERACY

Performance Level Recognizes Reads Reads Reads Comprehends Class Group Beginner Letters Words Sentences Stories Stories 1-3 37.6% 29.2% 13.6% 9.0% 6.3% 4.4% 100% 4-5 11.0% 25.1% 18.1% 16.1% 13.9% 15.9% 100% 6-8 5.2% 15.3% 13.9% 16.3% 19.7% 29.7% 100% 9 and above 3.9% 6.7% 6.9% 10.5% 17.9% 54.2% 100%

- 29 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at Province Level

MATH

Performance Level Subtraction Division (3 Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes (2 digits digits by 1 Class Group Beginner One Digit Two Digit Three Digit with digit with Number Number Number borrowing) remainder) 1-3 34.8% 19.0% 15.9% 14.6% 9.6% 6.0% 100% 4-5 9.2% 9.8% 13.9% 23.7% 21.9% 21.5% 100% 6-8 4.6% 4.3% 7.0% 20.5% 24.3% 39.4% 100% 9 and above 3.6% 1.9% 2.4% 10.9% 18.2% 63.0% 100%

Table 2.2 tracks the percentage of school enrolled children by the highest achievement level on each assessment.The performance is reported in on highest achievement only. A child who can divide is only counted in division level, and not in the earlier learning categories. Thus each row cumulates to 100%. Table 2 shows that some learning is happening at school. Children do move to higher achievement levels as they progress through the grades. While only 21.5% of children of grade 4 and 5 can do 3rd grade level division problems, 62.9% of grade 9 and above can do the same. At the same time, overall, the results still show a major challenge. Almost 4% of enrolled children above 9th grade still do not recognize numbers or letters of the alphabet. Also, almost 4 in10 of them cannot do a 3rd grade level division problem.

Another issue of concern is that in English, Nepali and math, only approximately 20% of 4th and 5th graders are able to perform at a 3rd grade level. This concern deepens when one notes that the ASER Nepal methodology measures only minimum competency at the grade level, thus 80% of children are leaving 3rd grade without even the minimum competency suggested by the curriculum. This suggests that either there are serious problems with the teaching/learning process or that the curriculum is pitched too high for the context.

ENROLLMENT

Table 2.3 - 5-16 Years Out of School Children

Female Out Surveyed Out of School Projected Projected Population of of School Children Children 5-16 Out of School Female Out of 5-16 Children Children 5-16 5-16 Years in Years among Number in School Number in Province 2 Years Among Province 2 Surveyed Province 2 in Province 2 Surveyed

1880967 137698 9.1% 10.4% 171168 85254

Our volunteers surveyed 137698 children aged 5-16 out of a total of 1880967 (projected by Central Bureau of Statistics 2019). Among the surveyed children, 9.10% were out of school which is almost 171168 children aged 5-16 across Province 2. The percentage of female Out of School children was 10.40% which leads to the projection of 85254 girls between 5-16 years.

- 30 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at Province Level

Table 2.4 - Age-wise Distribution of Out Of School (OOS) Children in Province 2

Age Gaunpalika Gaunpalika Nagarpalika Nagarpalika MNP and MNP and All Female Group All Female All Female UMNP All UMNP Female 3-4 63.7% 64.3% 62.7% 63.0% 61.6% 62.9% 85.8% 84.1%

5-9 8.1% 9.0% 8.7% 8.9% 7.9% 9.5% 2.8% 3.8%

10-12 7.7% 9.3% 8.5% 10.4% 7.4% 9.0% 1.6% 2.6%

13-14 9.7% 11.1% 10.9% 12.4% 9.3% 10.7% 3.1% 4.1%

15-16 14.6% 16.3% 16.3% 17.8% 14.2% 16.0% 5.4% 6.1%

MNP: Mahanagarpalika UMNP: Upamahanagarpalika

Table 2.4 shows the percentage of children not enrolled in formal education, or Out of School children. Enrollment rates for children aged 5-9 and 10-12 are roughly the same with rates rising in older age groups. The Out Of School rate is about twice as high among 15-16 year olds (14.60%) than among 10-12 year olds (7.70%) suggesting that drop-out increases significantly with age.

63.7% of 3 and 4 year olds are not enrolled in formal education. This number only imperfectly tracks the global commitment to enroll all children in at least one year of formal learning before school. However, as we track this indicator over time, it may become useful to look at the success of the efforts to improve early years enrollment.

Looking through the lens of geography, we find that Out Of School rates are lower in upamahanagarpalika and mahanagarpalika areas than at the gaunpalika/nagarpalika levels across the board. In fact, Out Of School rates in mahanagarpalika areas are about a third of the Province 2 average across all age groups. Table 2.4 shows that a similar pattern holds when looking at female enrollment rates only, suggesting that geography does matter when it comes to enrollment.

Female Out Of School rates are uniformly higher than average, across all age groups and all geographical areas, suggesting that gender remains a significant factor in determining if children stay in school. The spread between average Out Of School and female Out Of School increases in older age groups suggesting that the female drop out rate increases, relative to the male, as children grow older.

- 31 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at Province Level

Table 2.5 - Enrollment of children Aged 5-16 by School Type

Community/ Government Private Schools Religious Schools Total School All 62.6% 36.3% 1.2% 100%

Female 69.6% 28.8% 1.5% 100%

Gaunpalika All 65.7% 33.3% 1.1% 100%

Gaunpalika Female 73.2% 25.3% 1.5% 100%

Nagarpalika All 62.0% 36.7% 1.3% 100%

Nagarpalika Female 68.9% 29.4% 1.6% 100%

Mahanagarpalika and 40.8% 58.8% 0.4% 100% Upamahanagarpalika All Mahanagarpalika and 45.8% 53.6% 0.6% 100% Upamahanagarpalika Female

While 62.55% of all children attend community/government school, female enrollment in community/ government schools is significantly higher at 69.64%. The data also shows that the female population going to religious schools is also higher than all 5-16 school going population (1.54% vs 1.18%). Female students are thus about 8% less likely than their male counterparts to be enrolled in fee paying private schools. This difference in private schools by gender enrollment remains roughly constant across all geographical areas.

In both gaunpalika and nagarpalika, enrollment patterns are similar. The community/government school enrollment rate of female children is slightly higher than the community school enrollment of all children. 65.66 % of 5-16 years old children go to community schools, of which 73.20% are females in Gaunpalika. Similarly, 33.25% of children attend private schools and the percentage of female children going to private schools is only 25.28%. In religious schools, the total population going to school is 1.08% and female children is 1.54%

The upamahanagarpalika and mahanagarpalika level data shows that a majority of children are enrolled in private schools (57.8%) while community/government schools have a lower enrollment rate (40.8%). Even though a significantly higher percentage of female children in upamahanagar and nagarpalika areas are enrolled in private schools when compared to all children (28.8% vs 53.6%), it is still lower than male enrollment.

- 32 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at Province Level

FACILITIES AND HOUSEHOLD ASSETS

Table 2.6 - Households Assets and Facilities at Province Level

Cycle 80.6%

Motorcycle 32%

Car 5.5%

Toilet having flush

90.6% 8.6%

58.1% 13.8% Electricity 90.4%

Electricity available at the day of Survey 94.9%

Television Computer/ Laptop

- 33 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at Province Level

Reading materials other Tubewell/hand-pump/ than school text-books piped drinking water 32.6% facility 97.8%

Bio-gas/LP Gas as major Firewood/Dung as major cooking fuel Facility Cooking Fuel Facility 18.1% 81.4%

Electricity as major cooking facility 0.3%

Access to Mobile, Internet and Bank Account in Province 2 (17 and Over Years Age Group)

Mobile Phone User

Total Male 85.9% 71.9% Female 57.4%

Internet User Total Male 51.5% 41% Female 30.2%

Bank Account Holder

Total Male 32.4% 25.2% Female 17.6%

- 34 - 4 FINDINGS AT DISTRICT LEVEL ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

SAPTARI

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Table 3.1.1 - Learning Outcomes of All Children Aged 5-16

NEPALI LITERACY

Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Beginner Reads Words Letters Sentences Stories Stories ALL 20.20% 16.90% 12.30% 10.70% 13.20% 26.70% Gaunpalika 20.20% 15.10% 12.20% 12.00% 14.00% 26.60% Nagarpalika 20.20% 18.50% 12.50% 9.60% 12.50% 26.80% Out Of School 77.70% 9.30% 6.30% 2.30% 2.50% 2.00%

ENGLISH LITERACY

Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Beginner Reads Words Letters Sentences Stories Stories Overall 22.50% 21.80% 13.00% 11.10% 11.20% 20.40% Gaunpalika 22.10% 18.90% 13.80% 11.80% 11.20% 22.20% Nagarpalika 22.80% 24.40% 12.30% 10.40% 11.20% 18.90% Out Of School 80.80% 9.50% 3.80% 2.00% 2.00% 1.80%

MATH

Subtraction ( Division ( 3 Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes 2 digits with digits by 1 Beginner One Digit Two Digit Three Digit borrowing digit with Number Number Number Substraction) remainder) ALL 19.60% 11.10% 12.10% 17.00% 16.70% 23.40% Gaunpalika 20.30% 9.20% 10.80% 15.90% 17.50% 26.20% Nagarpalika 19.00% 12.80% 13.20% 18.00% 16.00% 21.00% Out Of School 77.40% 5.40% 7.20% 4.50% 2.90% 2.50%

Children’s learning outcome in Nepali literacy is similar between gaunpalika and nagarpalika. Nagarpalika shows a better percentage of English literacy and math than gaunpalika. Learning outcomes among Out of School children are very low.

- 36 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

Table 3.1.2 - Learning Outcomes of School Enrolled Children Aged 5 -16

NEPALI LITERACY

Performance Level Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Class Group Beginner Reads Stories Letters Words Sentences Stories 1-3 29.95% 27.86% 16.52% 10.79% 8.67% 6.22% 4-5 6.36% 12.80% 13.04% 17.36% 21.11% 29.34% 6-8 2.69% 5.69% 8.96% 11.20% 20.54% 50.93% 9 and above 2.67% 2.55% 3.76% 4.36% 12.12% 74.55%

ENGLISH LITERACY

Performance Level Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Class Group Beginner Reads Stories Letters Words Sentences Stories 1-3 32.51% 29.43% 14.71% 10.56% 7.79% 5.00% 4-5 9.94% 22.49% 14.83% 13.69% 17.03% 22.00% 6-8 4.29% 15.61% 13.18% 12.86% 14.91% 39.16% 9 and above 2.79% 7.64% 8.00% 10.91% 14.55% 56.12%

MATH

Performance Level Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes Subtraction Division (3 digits Class Group Beginner One Digit Two Digit Three Digit (2 digits with by 1 digit with Number Number Number borrowing) remainder) 1-3 28.90% 18.64% 18.03% 17.45% 11.22% 5.76% 4-5 6.28% 9.29% 10.84% 20.95% 24.69% 27.95% 6-8 2.94% 3.13% 6.72% 18.75% 24.44% 44.02% 9 and above 1.82% 0.61% 1.58% 12.97% 20.61% 62.42%

“The table shows rapid progress in learning outcomes among school enrolled children when they are upgraded from lower grades to higher grades. But it also shows that some percentage of children in higher grades do not even have basic literacy such as alphabet and number recognition.

- 37 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

ENROLLMENT

Table 3.1.3 - 5-16 Years Out of School Children

All Female 5-16 Out Of School 5.90% 7.00%

The female Out of School percentage is higher than the average.

Table 3.1.4 - Age-wise Distribution of Out Of School Children in Saptari

Gaunpalika Nagarpalika Age Group All Female Gaunpalika All Female Female 3-4 52.40% 50.00% 55.20% 54.60% 46.10% 5-9 5.60% 6.30% 7.90% 8.40% 4.40% 10-12 4.70% 6.30% 7.20% 9.80% 3.70% 13-14 5.00% 5.20% 6.50% 6.70% 4.00% 15-16 10.50% 12.90% 11.50% 15.10% 11.30%

Overall, Out Of School ratio has increased slowly starting from age group 5-9, 10-12, 13-14 and doubled at age group 15-16. And Out Of School female children is more than the average.

Table 3.1.5 - Enrollment of children Aged 5-16 by School Type

Community/Government Private Religious Total Schools Schools Schools All 56.20% 41.80% 2.00% 100.00% Female 64.00% 33.10% 2.90% 100.00%

Gaunpalika All 57.60% 40.70% 1.70% 100.00% Gaunpalika Female 65.10% 32.30% 2.60% 100.00%

Nagarpalika All 55.00% 42.70% 2.30% 100.00% Nagarpalika Female 63.10% 33.80% 3.20% 100.00%

Table 3.1.5 shows that more than half of the school enrolled children are enrolled in community/government schools and among them the percentage of female enrollment in community schools is much higher than the average. Gender wise, the enrollment trend is similar in both gaunpalika and nagarpalika.

- 38 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

FACILITIES AND HOUSEHOLD ASSETS

Table 3.1.6 - Households Assets and Facilities Available in Saptari

Cycle 83.3%

Motorcycle 27.33%

Car 2.07%

Toilet having Toilet flush

89.69% 30.94%

55.87% 9.66% Electricity 92.02%

Electricity available at the day of Survey 98.86%

Television Computer/ Laptop

- 39 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

Reading materials other Tubewell/hand-pump/ than school text-books piped drinking water 31.31% facility 99.37%

Bio-gas/LP Gas as major Firewood/Dung as major cooking fuel Facility Cooking Fuel Facility 4.48% 63.99%

Electricity as major cooking facility 0.1%

Access to Mobile, Internet and Bank Account in (17 and Over Years Age Group)

Mobile Phone User

Total Male 87.66% 72.49% Female 57.28%

Internet User Total Male 50.72% 39.86% Female 28.97%

Bank Account Holder

Total Male 35.38% 27.49% Female 19.56%

- 40 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

SIRAHA

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Table 3.2.1 - Learning Outcomes of All Children Aged 5-16

NEPALI LITERACY

Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Beginner Reads Words Letters Sentences Stories Stories ALL 32.40% 20.70% 11.40% 8.60% 11.10% 15.80% Gaunpalika 36.30% 19.20% 10.20% 8.10% 10.90% 15.40% Nagarpalika 28.40% 22.20% 12.50% 9.20% 11.40% 16.30% Out Of School 85.60% 7.20% 3.00% 1.40% 1.60% 1.20%

ENGLISH LITERACY

Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Beginner Reads Words Letters Sentences Stories Stories Overall 33.40% 23.00% 12.10% 8.60% 9.50% 13.30% Gaunpalika 37.70% 21.00% 10.90% 8.40% 9.20% 12.70% Nagarpalika 29.00% 25.10% 13.30% 8.80% 9.80% 13.90% Out Of School 85.80% 7.70% 2.60% 1.20% 1.60% 1.10%

MATH

Subtraction ( Division ( 3 Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes 2 digits with digits by 1 Beginner One Digit Two Digit Three Digit borrowing digit with Number Number Number Substraction) remainder) ALL 31.50% 14.50% 12.60% 13.00% 12.20% 16.20% Gaunpalika 35.40% 13.60% 11.70% 12.20% 11.10% 15.90% Nagarpalika 27.70% 15.30% 13.50% 13.80% 13.20% 16.50% Out Of School 84.00% 6.20% 4.00% 3.30% 1.20% 1.20%

The table shows that the learning outcomes of children at the highest achievement level in both gaunpalika and nagarpalika is similar. And on average, Out Of School children performing at highest level is not even 1.50 %

- 41 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

Table 3.2.2 - Learning Outcomes of School Enrolled Children Aged 5 -16

NEPALI LITERACY

Performance Level Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Class Group Beginner Reads Stories Letters Words Sentences Stories 1-3 43.60% 28.84% 12.06% 5.76% 5.35% 4.39% 4-5 16.06% 21.05% 15.72% 14.03% 15.38% 17.75% 6-8 9.42% 11.01% 12.59% 13.81% 23.24% 29.93% 9 and above 8.01% 6.55% 4.22% 9.75% 16.30% 55.17%

ENGLISH LITERACY

Performance Level Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Class Group Beginner Reads Stories Letters Words Sentences Stories 1-3 44.45% 28.11% 11.69% 6.25% 5.99% 3.52% 4-5 18.93% 27.22% 15.55% 12.09% 11.41% 14.79% 6-8 9.64% 18.78% 15.32% 13.53% 16.69% 26.04% 9 and above 9.02% 10.19% 8.15% 10.92% 16.30% 45.41%

MATH

Performance Level Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes Subtraction Division (3 digits Class Group Beginner One Digit Two Digit Three Digit (2 digits with by 1 digit with Number Number Number borrowing) remainder) 1-3 42.35% 20.99% 15.17% 9.88% 7.44% 4.16% 4-5 16.06% 12.76% 15.98% 19.53% 15.98% 19.70% 6-8 8.85% 7.70% 10.22% 19.93% 21.22% 32.09% 9 and above 8.15% 4.51% 3.64% 11.64% 20.23% 51.82%

The survey result shows the significant progress made by children as they advance from one grade to the next. In both literacies and math, the learning outcome has increased by almost 20% while advancing from grade 8 to 9 and above.

- 42 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

ENROLLMENT

Table 3.2.3 - 5-16 Years Out of School Children

All Female 5-16 Out Of School 7.60% 7.70%

The table shows that the percentage of female children in the Out of School children category is slightly more than the average

Table 3.2.4 - Age-wise Distribution of Out Of School Children in Siraha

Gaunpalika Gaunpalika Nagarpalika Nagarpalika Age Group All Female All Female All Female 3-4 50.80% 54.10% 62.70% 61.00% 37.60% 45.40% 5-9 7.00% 6.10% 6.40% 5.50% 7.60% 6.60% 10-12 7.60% 8.40% 7.80% 9.20% 7.30% 7.60% 13-14 8.80% 10.10% 8.50% 9.40% 9.00% 10.80% 15-16 9.50% 8.00% 11.40% 9.00% 7.60% 7.00%

The table suggests that half of the children aged 3-4 are not enrolled in any form of education. Overall, the rate of Out of School children is increasing gradually with age and has peaked at 15-16. Geographically, gaunpalika has the highest percentage of Out of School children among the age group 15-16. However, in nagarpalika, the percentage of Out of School children is higher in age group 13-14. The percentage of female Out of School children is more in age group 13-14 in both gaunpalika and nagarpalika.

Table 3.2.5 - Enrollment of children Aged 5-16 by School Type

Community/Government Private Religious Total Schools Schools Schools All 64.01% 35.19% 0.80% 100.00% Female 71.34% 27.81% 0.85% 100.00%

Gaunpalikas 67.42% 31.16% 1.42% 100.00% Gaunpalika Female 75.23% 23.12% 1.65% 100.00%

Nagarpalika 60.59% 39.23% 0.18% 100.00% Nagarpalika Female 67.55% 32.39% 0.06% 100.00%

The table shows that the percentage of female enrollment in community/government schools is more than the average and overall female enrollment in private schools is not even 30%

- 43 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

FACILITIES AND HOUSEHOLD ASSETS

Table 3.2.6 - Households Assets and Facilities Available in Siraha

Cycle 77.61%

Motorcycle 30.03%

Car 1.6%

Toilet having Toilet flush

96.95% 4.01%

50.33% 8.81% Electricity 91.95%

Electricity available at the day of Survey 99.64%

Television Computer/ Laptop

- 44 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

Reading materials other Tubewell/hand-pump/ than school text-books piped drinking water 12.12% facility 85.47%

Bio-gas/LP Gas as major Firewood/Dung as major cooking fuel Facility Cooking Fuel Facility 6.01% 81.21%

Electricity as major cooking facility 0.18%

Access to Mobile, Internet and Bank Account in (17 and Over Years Age Group)

Mobile Phone User

Total Male 80.7% 69.81% Female 59.31

Internet User Total Male 49.46% 35.79% Female 22.6%

Bank Account Holder

Total Male 22.71% 16.12% Female 9.77%

- 45 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

DHANUSA

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Table 3.3.1 - Learning Outcomes of All Children Aged 5-16

NEPALI LITERACY

Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Beginner Reads Words Letters Sentences Stories Stories ALL 24.20% 21.10% 13.10% 11.50% 11.90% 18.20% Gaunpalika 30.40% 18.80% 11.40% 11.20% 10.80% 17.40% Nagarpalika 21.40% 22.60% 14.00% 11.60% 12.30% 18.20% Mahanagar and 15.50% 19.30% 13.70% 11.60% 15.50% 24.40% Upamahanagapalika Out Of School 75.00% 12.70% 5.40% 4.60% 1.70% 0.70%

ENGLISH LITERACY

Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Beginner Reads Words Letters Sentences Stories Stories Overall 24.50% 23.60% 14.30% 11.90% 11.10% 14.50% Gaunpalika 29.70% 22.60% 14.20% 11.20% 9.40% 12.80% Nagarpalika 22.20% 24.50% 14.40% 12.50% 11.80% 14.70% Mahanagar and 15.40% 20.90% 13.30% 10.70% 15.80% 23.90% Upamahangarpalika Out Of School 77.10% 11.90% 6.30% 3.30% 0.70% 0.70%

MATH

Subtraction ( Division ( 3 Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes 2 digits with digits by 1 Beginner One Digit Two Digit Three Digit borrowing digit with Number Number Number Substraction) remainder) ALL 23.20% 12.40% 13.90% 17.70% 13.20% 19.60% Gaunpalika 28.50% 10.90% 12.40% 17.00% 13.20% 18.00% Nagarpalika 20.80% 13.70% 14.50% 18.20% 13.30% 19.70% Mahanagarpalika and 14.70% 7.50% 17.40% 16.70% 13.50% 30.20% Upamahanagarpalika Out Of School 76.50% 9.20% 5.60% 5.40% 1.20% 2.10%

The table shows that the differences in learning outcomes among the children in gaunpalika and nagarpalika is low by a few percentages only. Mahanagarpalika and upamahanagarpalika shows a higher percentage in learning outcomes than gaunpalika and nagarpalika. But Out of School children performing at the highest level is low in all three categories.

- 46 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

Table 3.3.2 - Learning Outcomes of School Enrolled Children Aged 5 -16

NEPALI LITERACY

Performance Level Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Class Group Beginner Reads Stories Letters Words Sentences Stories 1-3 31.19% 29.96% 16.05% 11.05% 6.58% 5.17% 4-5 6.23% 16.69% 18.45% 18.39% 20.88% 19.35% 6-8 3.98% 8.54% 10.89% 16.16% 23.26% 37.17% 9 and above 2.07% 3.29% 4.14% 7.61% 16.64% 66.26%

ENGLISH LITERACY

Performance Level Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Class Group Beginner Reads Stories Letters Words Sentences Stories 1-3 32.01% 29.69% 16.37% 10.74% 6.55% 4.64% 4-5 6.56% 24.39% 19.81% 17.15% 15.51% 16.58% 6-8 3.69% 14.77% 14.10% 17.46% 22.21% 27.77% 9 and above 2.07% 6.11% 6.58% 12.41% 21.05% 51.79%

MATH

Performance Level Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes Subtraction Division (3 digits Class Group Beginner One Digit Two Digit Three Digit (2 digits with by 1 digit with Number Number Number borrowing) remainder) 1-3 29.88% 18.03% 18.10% 17.94% 9.55% 6.50% 4-5 4.07% 8.55% 15.28% 26.15% 23.15% 22.81% 6-8 2.54% 3.41% 8.78% 23.17% 22.54% 39.57% 9 and above 1.69% 0.66% 3.20% 13.06% 17.11% 64.29%

The learning outcomes of children in grade 9 and above is three times more than for children in grades 4 and 5. This shows that children make progress as they advance to higher grades.

- 47 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

ENROLLMENT

Table 3.3.3 - 5-16 Years Out of School Children

All Female 5-16 Out Of School 6.90% 7.60%

The percentage of female out of school children is more as compared to average.

Table 3.3.4 - Age-wise Distribution of Out Of School Children in Dhanusa

Gaunpalika Gaunpalika Nagarpalika Age Group All Female Nagarpalika All All Female Female 3-4 74.20% 73.80% 71.10% 71.40% 75.90% 75.90% 5-9 6.50% 6.80% 10.00% 8.60% 4.60% 6.00% 10-12 5.50% 6.10% 7.00% 8.40% 4.80% 5.20% 13-14 7.00% 7.40% 7.40% 6.30% 7.10% 8.10% 15-16 10.70% 13.90% 14.20% 20.40% 9.40% 11.20%

Overall, the data suggest a continuous increase in the percentage of Out of School children as they grow older. The percentage of female Out of School children in the 15-16 age group is almost 14%. And the percentage of female Out of School children within the same age group in gaunpalika is two times more than in nagarpalika.

Table 3.3.5 - Enrollment of children Aged 5-16 by School Type

Community/Government Private Religious Total Schools Schools Schools All 55.10% 44.30% 0.60% 100.00% Female 63.00% 36.20% 0.80% 100.00%

Gaunpalika All 54.00% 45.70% 0.20% 100.00% Gaunpalika Female 63.20% 36.40% 0.40% 100.00%

Nagarpalika All 57.30% 41.90% 0.80% 100.00% Nagarpalika Female 64.40% 34.60% 1.00% 100.00%

Mahanagarpalika and 37.50% 62.20% 0.40% 100.00% Upamahanagarpalika Mahanagarpalka and Upamahanagarpalika 44.20% 55.40% 0.40% 100.00% Female

In Dhanusa, unlike in gaunpalika and nagarpalika, the percentage of female enrollment in private schools of mahanagarpalika and upamahanagarpalika is considerably higher than other districts but still 7 % less than the average enrollment. Also children enrolled in religious schools are all female.

- 48 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

FACILITIES AND HOUSEHOLD ASSETS

Table 3.3.6 Households Assets and Facilities Available in Dhanusa

Cycle 79.92%

Motorcycle 39.78%

Car 2.46%

Toilet having Toilet flush

86.72% 5.08%

75.35% 19.07% Electricity 94.38%

Electricity available at the day of Survey 98%

Television Computer/ Laptop

- 49 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

Reading materials other Tubewell/hand-pump/ than school text-books piped drinking water 34.89% facility 96.16%

Bio-gas/LP Gas as major Firewood/Dung as major cooking fuel Facility Cooking Fuel Facility 23.68% 76.05%

Electricity as major cooking facility 0.2%

Access to Mobile, Internet and Bank Account in Dhanusa District (17 and Over Years Age Group)

Mobile Phone User

Total Male 89.32% 75.56% Female 63.88%

Internet User Total Male 60.25% 48.92% Female 37.67%

Bank Account Holder

Total Male 39.1% 32% Female 24.95%

- 50 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

MAHOTTARI

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Table 3.4.1 Learning Outcomes of All Children Aged 5-16

NEPALI LITERACY

Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Beginner Reads Words Letters Sentences Stories Stories ALL 36.50% 19.50% 10.20% 9.00% 10.10% 14.80% Gaunpalika 39.50% 18.20% 10.90% 8.60% 10.30% 12.50% Nagarpalika 35.20% 20.00% 9.80% 9.20% 10.00% 15.90% Out Of School 80.90% 10.00% 3.50% 3.00% 1.20% 1.40%

ENGLISH LITERACY

Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Beginner Reads Words Letters Sentences Stories Stories Overall 38.70% 21.70% 11.50% 9.40% 7.90% 10.80% Gaunpalika 41.70% 20.30% 12.20% 10.10% 6.70% 9.00% Nagarpalika 37.50% 22.30% 11.20% 9.10% 8.40% 11.60% Out Of School 84.90% 7.70% 3.30% 2.30% 1.20% 0.50%

MATH

Subtraction ( Division ( 3 Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes 2 digits with digits by 1 Beginner One Digit Two Digit Three Digit borrowing digit with Number Number Number Substraction) remainder) ALL 36.60% 11.90% 10.90% 14.30% 11.70% 14.60% Gaunpalika 38.80% 10.20% 10.20% 14.60% 10.70% 15.50% Nagarpalika 35.70% 12.70% 11.20% 14.10% 12.10% 14.30% Out Of School 81.20% 5.70% 4.10% 4.30% 3.80% 0.90%

The learning outcomes of children in both gaunpalika and nagarpalika differes by very small percentage. Also, the learning outcomes Out Of School children is significantly low.

- 51 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

Table 3.4.2 Learning Outcomes of School Enrolled Children Aged 5 -16

NEPALI LITERACY

Performance Level Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Class Group Beginner Reads Stories Letters Words Sentences Stories 1-3 43.94% 25.99% 12.17% 8.15% 5.29% 4.47% 4-5 20.55% 18.79% 14.48% 14.68% 16.93% 14.58% 6-8 13.67% 8.54% 9.36% 13.91% 22.86% 31.65% 9 and above 12.59% 3.57% 2.72% 5.44% 14.12% 61.56%

ENGLISH LITERACY

Performance Level Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Class Group Beginner Reads Stories Letters Words Sentences Stories 1-3 47.80% 25.27% 11.08% 7.02% 4.99% 3.83% 4-5 22.80% 25.64% 16.34% 12.62% 11.45% 11.15% 6-8 13.91% 17.01% 14.73% 17.25% 14.97% 22.13% 9 and above 12.59% 7.31% 7.99% 11.22% 17.35% 43.54%

MATH

Performance Level Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes Subtraction Division (3 digits Class Group Beginner One Digit Two Digit Three Digit (2 digits with by 1 digit with Number Number Number borrowing) remainder) 1-3 43.24% 17.38% 13.14% 12.65% 8.03% 5.56% 4-5 20.72% 9.38% 14.27% 20.53% 17.79% 17.30% 6-8 13.51% 4.80% 7.08% 21.40% 21.64% 31.57% 9 and above 12.41% 1.02% 2.55% 14.63% 18.54% 50.85%

The increasing shift of learning outcomes among school enrolled children is two times more when they advance from a smaller grade to a higher grade. But still some percentage of children cannot do the 3rd grade level operations of both literacies and math.

- 52 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

ENROLLMENT

Table 3.4.3 5-16 Years Out of School Children

All Female 5-16 Out Of School 8.10% 9.30%

The data shows 9.30% of Out of School children are female which is more than the average.

Table 3.4.4 Age-wise Distribution of Out Of School Children in Mahottari

Gaunpalika Gaunpalika Nagarpalika Nagarpalika Age Group All Female All Female All Female 3-4 57.60% 59.90% 56.20% 58.60% 58.40% 60.60% 5-9 7.90% 8.60% 10.10% 9.50% 7.00% 8.20% 10-12 6.20% 7.10% 9.70% 11.40% 4.70% 5.40% 13-14 8.40% 12.10% 13.30% 17.00% 6.00% 9.70% 15-16 12.00% 12.60% 12.70% 13.50% 11.70% 12.20%

Overall, the data shows a gradual growth in Out of School children as they grow older. But in gaunpalika, the percentage of Out of School children is the highest among the age group 13-14 and the percentage has decreased among 15-16.

Table 3.4.5 Enrollment of children Aged 5-16 by School Type

Community/Government Private Religious Total Schools Schools Schools All 65.02% 33.73% 1.24% 100.00% Female 72.09% 26.51% 1.41% 100.00%

Gaunpalika All 71.51% 26.08% 2.41% 100.00% Gaunpalika Female 77.22% 20.25% 2.53% 100.00%

Nagarpalika All 62.32% 36.92% 0.76% 100.00% Nagarpalika Female 69.99% 29.07% 0.94% 100.00%

The table shows that more than half of the children are enrolled in community/government schools and within them female enrollment is even higher. Although the smallest percentage of children are enrolled in religious schools, among them too the percentage of female children is higher.

- 53 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

FACILITIES AND HOUSEHOLD ASSETS

Table 3.4.6 Households Assets and Facilities Available in Mahottari

Cycle 72.69%

Motorcycle 29.53%

Car 1.88%

Toilet having Toilet flush

82.31% 5.5%

62.14% 10.24% Electricity 92.94%

Electricity available at the day of Survey 86.75%

Television Computer/ Laptop

- 54 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

Reading materials other Tubewell/hand-pump/ than school text-books piped drinking water 36.99% facility 95.96%

Bio-gas/LP Gas as major Firewood/Dung as major cooking fuel Facility Cooking Fuel Facility 17.05% 82.37%

Electricity as major cooking facility 0.3%

Access to Mobile, Internet and Bank Account in (17 and Over Years Age Group)

Mobile Phone User

Total Male 86.98% 73.84% Female 60.38%

Internet User Total Male 57.78% 47.16% Female 36.33%

Bank Account Holder

Total Male 36.62% 29.41% Female 22.07%

- 55 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

SARLAHI

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Table 3.5.1 Learning Outcomes of All Children Aged 5-16

NEPALI LITERACY

Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Beginner Reads Words Letters Sentences Stories Stories ALL 32.90% 16.20% 10.80% 9.10% 10.60% 20.30% Gaunpalika 39.10% 15.10% 9.90% 8.60% 10.10% 17.20% Nagarpalika 27.00% 17.30% 11.70% 9.60% 11.20% 23.20% Out Of School 95.20% 1.30% 1.20% 0.60% 0.50% 1.20%

ENGLISH LITERACY

Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Beginner Reads Words Letters Sentences Stories Stories Overall 34.50% 20.70% 11.20% 9.30% 8.60% 15.70% Gaunpalika 40.40% 18.90% 10.10% 9.90% 8.00% 12.70% Nagarpalika 29.00% 22.40% 12.20% 8.60% 9.20% 18.50% Out Of School 95.00% 2.00% 1.10% 0.40% 0.50% 0.90%

MATH

Subtraction ( Division ( 3 Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes 2 digits with digits by 1 Beginner One Digit Two Digit Three Digit borrowing digit with Number Number Number Substraction) remainder) ALL 32.70% 11.00% 10.70% 12.60% 13.00% 20.00% Gaunpalika 39.30% 9.60% 9.20% 10.90% 11.90% 19.20% Nagarpalika 26.60% 12.40% 12.00% 14.20% 14.10% 20.70% Out Of School 93.90% 2.00% 0.90% 1.10% 1.00% 1.10%

The learning outcomes of children in both gaunpalika and nagarpalika is almost similar in math but in other two literacies (Nepali and English) the percentage of learning outcomes of children in nagarpalika is slightly more than the gaunpalika.

- 56 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

Table 3.5.2 Learning Outcomes of School Enrolled Children Aged 5 -16

NEPALI LITERACY

Performance Level Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Class Group Beginner Reads Stories Letters Words Sentences Stories 1-3 36.24% 24.86% 14.87% 10.05% 7.54% 6.43% 4-5 9.20% 14.80% 16.80% 19.20% 18.24% 21.76% 6-8 3.80% 6.57% 8.44% 10.86% 23.51% 46.82% 9 and above 3.16% 1.79% 3.71% 3.43% 11.68% 76.24%

ENGLISH LITERACY

Performance Level Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Class Group Beginner Reads Stories Letters Words Sentences Stories 1-3 39.33% 26.50% 12.77% 9.62% 6.00% 5.78% 4-5 11.44% 27.60% 15.68% 15.92% 12.24% 17.12% 6-8 5.39% 15.84% 13.00% 12.93% 19.71% 33.13% 9 and above 3.02% 5.77% 6.73% 9.48% 13.19% 61.81%

MATH

Performance Level Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes Subtraction Division (3 digits Class Group Beginner One Digit Two Digit Three Digit (2 digits with by 1 digit with Number Number Number borrowing) remainder) 1-3 36.33% 17.66% 14.59% 13.39% 10.42% 7.61% 4-5 9.04% 10.00% 13.68% 22.40% 22.24% 22.64% 6-8 4.01% 4.01% 6.57% 16.18% 24.00% 45.23% 9 and above 3.02% 0.69% 1.79% 7.83% 15.93% 70.74%

The table shows that learning outcomes increase as children move from one grade to the next. But some percentage of children are not able to recognize alphabets, numbers, and cannot read words or sentences even in the higher grades.

- 57 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

ENROLLMENT

Table 3.5.3 5-16 Years Out of School Children

All Female 5-16 Out Of School 13.40% 15.50%

On average,13.40% of children are Out Of School and female out of school percentage is 2% more than the average.

Table 3.5.4 Age-wise Distribution of Out Of School Children in Sarlahi

Gaunpalika Gaunpalika Nagarpalika Age Group All Female Nagarpalika All All Female Female 3-4 64.90% 66.20% 70.10% 70.10% 58.20% 61.40% 5-9 13.10% 14.80% 16.40% 17.90% 9.70% 11.60% 10-12 11.10% 13.30% 16.00% 18.90% 6.60% 8.50% 13-14 13.20% 15.40% 17.80% 21.10% 9.30% 10.70% 15-16 19.30% 22.00% 23.50% 28.50% 15.70% 16.80%

Overall, the percentage of Out of School children was similar for age groups 5-9 and 13-14, with a slight drop in the 10-12. But in the 15-16 age group the percentage went up by more than 5 %. Gaunpalika has the highest percentage of Out of School children with a higher percentage of female children out of school than at nagarpalika level.

Table 3.5.5 Enrollment of children Aged 5-16 by School Type

Community/Government Private Religious Total Schools Schools Schools All 66.03 % 32.00 % 1.97 % 100.00% Female 71.33 % 27.44 % 1.23 % 100.00%

Gaunpalika All 72.00 % 25.97 % 2.03 % 100.00% Gaunpalika Female 76.02 % 21.42 % 2.35 % 100.00%

Nagarpalika All 62.32% 36.92% 0.66 % 100.00% Nagarpalika Female 69.99% 29.07% 0.94 % 100.00%

Overall majority of children are enrolled in community/government schools and amongst them the female enrollment is significantly higher. In both gaunpalika and nagarpalika the enrollment pattern is similar with regard to gender.

- 58 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

FACILITIES AND HOUSEHOLD ASSETS

Table 3.5.6 Households Assets and Facilities Available in Sarlahi

Cycle 70.58%

Motorcycle 30.61%

Car 1.5%

Toilet having Toilet flush

93.2% 3.25%

47.19% 7.8% Electricity 87.19%

Electricity available at the day of Survey 97.44%

Television Computer/ Laptop

- 59 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

Reading materials other Tubewell/hand-pump/ than school text-books piped drinking water 28.38% facility 95.12%

Bio-gas/LP Gas as major Firewood/Dung as major cooking fuel Facility Cooking Fuel Facility 22.27% 76.96%

Electricity as major cooking facility 0.27%

Access to Mobile, Internet and Bank Account in (17 and Over Years Age Group)

Mobile Phone User

Total Male 83.04% 68.26% Female 53%

Internet User Total Male 44.88% 37.38% Female 29.64%

Bank Account Holder

Total Male 30.36% 22.01% Female 13.38%

- 60 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

RAUTAHAT

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Table 3.6.1 Learning Outcomes of All Children Aged 5-16

NEPALI LITERACY

Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Beginner Reads Words Letters Sentences Stories Stories ALL 32.20% 19.00% 10.80% 11.50% 10.10% 16.30% Gaunpalika 25.20% 22.80% 17.70% 12.50% 12.20% 9.60% Nagarpalika 32.90% 18.70% 10.20% 11.40% 9.90% 16.90% Out Of School 78.80% 11.50% 4.40% 4.00% 0.60% 0.70%

ENGLISH LITERACY

Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Beginner Reads Words Letters Sentences Stories Stories Overall 31.20% 25.20% 11.60% 10.90% 9.00% 12.00% Gaunpalika 28.60% 26.90% 17.10% 9.80% 10.50% 7.10% Nagarpalika 31.40% 25.10% 11.10% 11.00% 8.90% 12.50% Out Of School 74.10% 15.10% 5.90% 3.20% 1.20% 0.60%

MATH

Subtraction ( Division ( 3 Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes 2 digits with digits by 1 Beginner One Digit Two Digit Three Digit borrowing digit with Number Number Number Substraction) remainder) ALL 30.40% 15.30% 9.70% 14.80% 11.90% 17.80% Gaunpalika 27.00% 17.70% 12.30% 17.10% 11.70% 14.20% Nagarpalika 30.80% 15.10% 9.50% 14.60% 12.00% 18.10% Out Of School 72.70% 13.40% 5.10% 5.30% 2.10% 1.50%

In , the learning outcomes of children in gaunpalika and nagarpalika at the highest achievement level differs by almost 5% and also children demonstrate the lowest learning outcome in English literacy compared to Nepali literacy and math. The Out of School children performing at the highest level is minimal.

- 61 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

Table 3.6.2 Learning Outcomes of School Enrolled Children Aged 5 -16

NEPALI LITERACY

Performance Level Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Class Group Beginner Reads Stories Letters Words Sentences Stories 1-3 40.84% 27.94% 12.26% 9.86% 4.61% 4.50% 4-5 11.01% 16.91% 16.12% 21.90% 17.88% 16.18% 6-8 4.47% 9.11% 9.60% 15.80% 23.50% 37.52% 9 and above 5.43% 2.71% 2.71% 7.72% 15.66% 65.76%

ENGLISH LITERACY

Performance Level Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Class Group Beginner Reads Stories Letters Words Sentences Stories 1-3 41.89% 31.69% 10.41% 8.46% 4.15% 3.40% 4-5 11.13% 27.31% 18.80% 18.07% 11.68% 13.02% 6-8 3.67% 18.76% 14.07% 18.38% 20.81% 24.31% 9 and above 1.57% 8.77% 6.16% 9.71% 21.71% 52.09%

MATH

Performance Level Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes Subtraction Division (3 digits Class Group Beginner One Digit Two Digit Three Digit (2 digits with by 1 digit with Number Number Number borrowing) remainder) 1-3 40.19% 21.27% 12.12% 12.74% 7.78% 5.89% 4-5 11.13% 13.63% 12.96% 23.36% 19.10% 19.83% 6-8 3.67% 6.20% 5.93% 22.43% 23.61% 38.17% 9 and above 1.77% 4.80% 2.19% 10.13% 15.45% 65.66%

Learning outcomes increased by more than 10% as children upgraded from grade 1-3 to grade 4-5. Among children upgraded from grade 8 to 9 and above, the percentage of learning outcomes increased by more than two times.

- 62 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

ENROLLMENT

Table 3.6.3 5-16 Years Out of School Children

All Female 5-16 Out Of School 14.80% 18.10%

Data from Rautahat district shows that it has the highest percentage of Out of School children, and also the highest percentage of female children out of school among all other districts in Province 2.

Table 3.6.4 Age-wise Distribution of Out Of School Children in Rautahat

Gaunpalika Gaunpalika Nagarpalika Nagarpalika Age Group All Female All Female All Female 3-4 68.60% 68.50% 76.00% 78.80% 67.60% 67.10% 5-9 13.30% 16.40% 14.70% 15.30% 13.20% 16.50% 10-12 13.30% 17.20% 14.90% 17.50% 13.10% 17.20% 13-14 14.50% 16.00% 21.60% 23.00% 14.00% 15.40% 15-16 22.20% 26.60% 30.30% 30.00% 21.30% 26.30%

Overall, the percentage of Out of School children has remained steady among the age groups of 5-9 and 10-12 and has slightly increased among 13-14, but the percentage goes up by 7% among children aged 15-16. Gaunpalika has a higher percentage of children Out Of School with higher percentage of female Out Of School than nagarpalika.

Table 3.6.5 Enrollment of children Aged 5-16 by School Type

Community/Government Private Religious Total Schools Schools Schools All 70.09% 27.31% 2.60% 100.00% Female 76.50% 20.16% 3.34% 100.00%

Gaunpalika All 79.08% 20.00% 0.92% 100.00% Gaunpalika Female 87.06% 12.06% 0.88% 100.00%

Nagarpalika All 69.31% 27.94% 2.75% 100.00% Nagarpalika Female 75.56% 20.88% 3.56% 100.00%

Rautahat’s data trend of school enrollment based on type of school and gender disparity is similar to other districts of Province 2.

- 63 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

FACILITIES AND HOUSEHOLD ASSETS

Table 3.6.6 Households Assets and Facilities Available in Rautahat

Cycle 87.12%

Motorcycle 23.91%

Car 2.49%

Toilet having Toilet flush

93.43% 7.74%

51.29% 8.1% Electricity 85.78%

Electricity available at the day of Survey 85.42%

Television Computer/ Laptop

- 64 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

Reading materials other Tubewell/hand-pump/ than school text-books piped drinking water 51.36% facility 99.63%

Bio-gas/LP Gas as major Firewood/Dung as major cooking fuel Facility Cooking Fuel Facility 10.66% 88.78%

Electricity as major cooking facility 0.26%

Access to Mobile, Internet and Bank Account in Rautahat District (17 and Over Years Age Group)

Mobile Phone User

Total Male 84.88% 72.21% Female 58.36%

Internet User Total Male 37.63% 29.41% Female 20.32%

Bank Account Holder

Total Male 21.63% 14.95% Female 7.64%

- 65 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

BARA

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Table 3.7.1 Learning Outcomes of All Children Aged 5-16

NEPALI LITERACY

Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Beginner Reads Words Letters Sentences Stories Stories ALL 22.90% 19.40% 13.10% 13.00% 13.30% 18.40% Gaunpalika 26.70% 19.20% 11.80% 11.70% 13.80% 16.80% Nagarpalika 20.70% 21.00% 15.20% 14.20% 12.30% 16.60% Mahanagarpalika and 16.30% 17.20% 13.50% 14.30% 13.50% 25.20% Upamahanagarpalika Out Of School 72.00% 9.60% 6.70% 5.00% 3.70% 2.90%

ENGLISH LITERACY

Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Beginner Reads Words Letters Sentences Stories Stories Overall 24.60% 23.20% 14.30% 12.20% 11.00% 14.70% Gaunpalika 28.20% 24.00% 13.50% 10.10% 11.20% 13.00% Nagarpalika 23.50% 23.10% 15.60% 14.40% 10.50% 12.80% Mahanagarpalika and 16.60% 21.30% 14.60% 14.30% 11.10% 22.10% Upamahanagarpalika Out Of School 72.20% 10.90% 9.80% 2.80% 3.30% 1.10%

MATH

Subtraction ( Division ( 3 Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes 2 digits with digits by 1 Beginner One Digit Two Digit Three Digit borrowing digit with Number Number Number Substraction) remainder) ALL 22.90% 11.80% 12.70% 18.40% 17.00% 17.20% Gaunpalika 27.10% 11.90% 11.10% 17.40% 14.50% 18.10% Nagarpalika 19.90% 13.00% 14.90% 19.70% 18.50% 13.90% Mahanagarpalika and 16.40% 9.50% 13.70% 19.00% 21.50% 19.90% Upamahanagarpalika Out Of School 71.80% 6.30% 5.20% 12.00% 2.40% 2.20%

The table shows that the learning outcomes of mahanagarpalika and upamahanagarpalika is higher than gaunpalika and nagarpalika. The learning outcomes gap between gaunpalika and nagarpalika the data is almost similar.

- 66 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

Table 3.7.2 Learning Outcomes of School Enrolled Children Aged 5 -16

NEPALI LITERACY

Performance Level Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Class Group Beginner Reads Stories Letters Words Sentences Stories 1-3 31.34% 30.01% 15.85% 11.23% 6.91% 4.65% 4-5 6.31% 14.32% 19.97% 22.83% 19.97% 16.59% 6-8 2.06% 4.87% 8.68% 17.67% 27.90% 38.83% 9 and above 1.97% 2.63% 4.60% 7.10% 16.82% 66.89%

ENGLISH LITERACY

Performance Level Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Class Group Beginner Reads Stories Letters Words Sentences Stories 1-3 35.30% 30.83% 13.47% 9.87% 6.64% 3.89% 4-5 6.90% 25.11% 21.66% 17.99% 13.88% 14.46% 6-8 2.18% 12.55% 14.92% 19.54% 20.97% 29.84% 9 and above 2.50% 3.81% 9.07% 12.22% 18.92% 53.48%

MATH

Performance Level Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes Subtraction Division (3 digits Class Group Beginner One Digit Two Digit Three Digit (2 digits with by 1 digit with Number Number Number borrowing) remainder) 1-3 30.83% 18.81% 17.81% 15.79% 10.70% 6.06% 4-5 6.73% 7.61% 13.47% 26.94% 26.87% 18.37% 6-8 2.37% 2.43% 5.73% 25.17% 30.78% 33.52% 9 and above 2.23% 1.44% 3.15% 12.58% 23.46% 57.14%

The learning outcome among school enrolled children increases when they upgrade from a smaller grade to a higher grade (9 and above). But some percentage of children studying in grade 9 and above are still not able to recognize the basic alphabets and numbers or cannot solve the grade 3 level operations of math and literacy (Nepali and English).

- 67 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

ENROLLMENT

Table 3.7.3 5-16 Years Out of School Children

All Female 5-16 Out Of School 7.40% 8.30%

The percentage of Out of School children is 7.4% and the female percentage is more than average.

Table 3.7.4 Age-wise Distribution of Out Of School Children in Bara

Gaunpalika Gaunpalika Nagarpalika Age Group All Female Nagarpalika All All Female Female 3-4 64.10% 64.60% 58.70% 58.30% 71.70% 73.00% 5-9 5.60% 6.50% 7.50% 7.80% 3.60% 4.90% 10-12 5.10% 6.70% 6.90% 9.40% 4.10% 4.10% 13-14 9.90% 11.20% 12.40% 15.00% 9.30% 9.80% 15-16 14.40% 12.90% 17.90% 15.50% 11.70% 11.40%

The percentage of Out of School children increases as children grow older. Gaunpalika has the highest percentage (17.90%) of Out Of School children than nagarpalika (11.70%).

Table 3.7.5 Enrollment of children Aged 5-16 by School Type

Community/Government Private Religious Total Schools Schools Schools All 62.88% 36.27% 0.86% 100.00% Female 69.57% 29.00% 1.43% 100.00%

Gaunpalika All 62.88% 35.67% 1.46% 100.00% Gaunpalika Female 71.03% 26.52% 2.45% 100.00%

Nagarpalika All 73.18% 26.78% 0.04% 100.00% Nagapalika Female 77.88% 22.04% 0.09% 100.00%

Mahanagarpalika and 46.90% 52.51% 0.59% 100.00% Upamahanagarpalika All Mahanagarpalika and Upamahanagarpalika 52.92% 46.11% 0.97% 100.00% Female

In , although more than 50% of children of mahanagarpalika and upamahanagarpalika are enrolled in private school, female enrollment in community/government schools is still higher. In both gaunpalika and nagarpalika, the data is similar to other districts with more female enrollment in community/government schools.

- 68 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

FACILITIES AND HOUSEHOLD ASSETS

Table 3.7.6 Households Assets and Facilities Available in Bara

Cycle 87.81%

Motorcycle 36.04%

Car 1.35%

Toilet having Toilet flush

91.68% 4.76%

62.26% 9.19% Electricity 90.94%

Electricity available at the day of Survey 95.8%

Television Computer/ Laptop

- 69 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

Reading materials other Tubewell/hand-pump/ than school text-books piped drinking water 27.92% facility 99.37%

Bio-gas/LP Gas as major Firewood/Dung as major cooking fuel Facility Cooking Fuel Facility 29.65% 70%

Electricity as major cooking facility 0.33%

Access to Mobile, Internet and Bank Account in Bara District (17 and Over Years Age Group)

Mobile Phone User

Total Male 86.02% 70.06% Female 52.79%

Internet User Total Male 56.1% 43.64% Female 30.14%

Bank Account Holder

Total Male 38.42% 30.7% Female 22.34%

- 70 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

PARSA

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Table 3.8.1 Learning Outcomes of All Children Aged 5-16

NEPALI LITERACY

Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Beginner Reads Words Letters Sentences Stories Stories ALL 17.00% 18.50% 12.10% 12.60% 16.00% 23.80% Gaunpalika 17.90% 18.10% 13.10% 13.70% 14.70% 22.60% Nagarpalika 19.20% 25.20% 11.60% 10.90% 15.10% 18.10% Mahanagar and 7.50% 13.20% 5.50% 6.80% 27.30% 39.70% Upamahanagarpalika Out Of School 39.50% 28.90% 11.90% 9.10% 5.80% 4.80%

ENGLISH LITERACY

Recognizes Reads Reads Reads Comprehends Beginner Letters Words Sentences Stories Stories Overall 17.40% 21.10% 15.70% 11.90% 13.90% 20.00% Gaunpalika 18.60% 21.50% 17.00% 12.90% 12.10% 18.00% Nagarpalika 18.70% 24.90% 15.20% 12.00% 14.40% 14.80% Mahanagarpalika and 6.80% 13.20% 7.00% 5.20% 26.20% 41.60% Upamahanagarpalika Out Of School 39.30% 28.30% 15.40% 9.10% 3.70% 4.20%

MATH

Subtraction ( Division ( 3 Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes 2 digits with digits by 1 Beginner One Digit Two Digit Three Digit borrowing digit with Number Number Number Substraction) remainder) ALL 16.50% 11.20% 12.70% 16.90% 17.00% 25.70% Gaunpalika 17.50% 10.10% 13.20% 19.00% 15.70% 24.60% Nagarpalika 18.90% 17.20% 15.00% 13.00% 16.10% 19.80% Mahanagarpalika and 6.00% 12.20% 6.00% 6.20% 27.80% 41.80% Upamahanagarpalika Out Of School 37.40% 20.20% 14.80% 15.60% 5.80% 6.20%

The learning outcomes of children in gaunpalika and nagarpalika fluctuates by a few percentages whereas the learning outcomes of children at highest achievement level in mahanagar and upamahanagar is almost two

- 71 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

times more in all literacy and math. The performance level of Out of School children In shows a better percentage at the highest achievement level in both literacy (Nepali and English) and math than in the other districts of province 2

Table 3.8.2 Learning Outcomes of School Enrolled Children Aged 5 -16

NEPALI LITERACY

Performance Level Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Class Group Beginner Reads Stories Letters Words Sentences Stories 1-3 26.49% 29.02% 17.31% 11.74% 10.05% 5.39% 4-5 5.08% 13.71% 13.56% 23.34% 22.34% 21.96% 6-8 1.97% 5.46% 6.54% 12.70% 28.06% 45.27% 9 and above 1.76% 3.64% 2.26% 4.02% 15.83% 72.49%

ENGLISH LITERACY

Performance Level Recognizes Reads Reads Comprehends Class Group Beginner Reads Stories Letters Words Sentences Stories 1-3 27.70% 30.70% 19.11% 8.73% 8.77% 4.99% 4-5 5.55% 20.65% 20.42% 18.88% 16.95% 17.57% 6-8 1.97% 9.27% 11.94% 16.83% 25.14% 34.86% 9 and above 1.51% 3.89% 3.27% 6.66% 17.34% 67.34%

MATH

Performance Level Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes Subtraction Division (3 digits Class Group Beginner One Digit Two Digit Three Digit (2 digits with by 1 digit with Number Number Number borrowing) remainder) 1-3 26.16% 18.67% 18.93% 16.91% 12.55% 6.79% 4-5 4.24% 6.78% 14.41% 27.12% 24.50% 22.96% 6-8 1.90% 3.30% 4.76% 15.05% 26.10% 48.89% 9 and above 1.63% 1.38% 1.38% 4.65% 15.33% 75.63%

This table shows that children improve in all literacy and math as they move to higher grades. Although it shows children are learning in school, it also indicates that some are not able to do the literacy and math of 3rd grade level even at grade 9. For example, in Nepali literacy, 72.49% of children in grade 9 or above are at the expected level of comprehension, however 1.70% of them do not even recognize the alphabet, 3.64% of these children are only able to recognize words and 2.26% are only able to read sentences

- 72 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

ENROLLMENT

Table 3.8.3 5-16 Years Out of School Children

All Female 5-16 Out Of School 6.50% 7.30%

In Parsa district, Out Of School female children are more than the average.

Table 3.8.4 Age-wise Distribution of Out Of School Children in Parsa

Gaunpalika Gaunpalika Nagarpalika Nagarpalika Age Group All Female All Female All Female 3-4 71.70% 71.80% 60.20% 61.50% 63.30% 67.20% 5-9 3.50% 4.10% 3.00% 3.50% 7.70% 9.60% 10-12 5.40% 6.10% 5.20% 6.20% 10.30% 8.90% 13-14 8.70% 10.30% 8.90% 10.60% 15.70% 15.80% 15-16 14.40% 15.30% 16.00% 16.70% 22.60% 19.20%

The table describes the gradual growth of Out of School children from age group 5-9 to age group 13-14 The growth percentage increased by more than 5% as children grow older from 13-14 to 15-16. Unlike other districts, nagarpalika has the highest percentage of Out of School children among 15-16 than gaunpalika.

Table 3.8.5 Enrollment of children Aged 5-16 by School Type

Community/Government Private Religious Total Schools Schools Schools All 69.45% 30.04% 0.51% 100.00% Female 74.93% 24.39% 0.69% 100.00% 100.00% Gaunpalika All 76.07% 23.40% 0.53% 100.00% Gaunpalika Female 81.70% 17.58% 0.72% 100.00% 100.00% Nagarpalika All 62.92% 36.28% 0.80% 100.00% Nagarpalika Female 68.05% 30.98% 0.98% 100.00% 100.00% Mahanagarpalika and 31.15% 68.85% 0.00% 100.00% Upamahanagarpalika All Mahanagarpalika and Upamahanagarpalika 29.17% 70.83% 0.00% 100.00% Female

Mahanagarpalika and upamahanagapalika of Parsa district have the highest number of female school enrollment in private schools. Whereas in gaunpalika and nagarpalika, gender disparity has remained similar to other districts.

- 73 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

FACILITIES AND HOUSEHOLD ASSETS

Table 3.8.6 Households Assets and Facilities Available in Parsa

Cycle 84.98%

Motorcycle 40.59%

Car 5.32%

Toilet having Toilet flush

90.33% 5.76%

60.09% 14% Electricity 87.82%

Electricity available at the day of Survey 97.29%

Television Computer/ Laptop

- 74 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at District Level

Reading materials other Tubewell/hand-pump/ than school text-books piped drinking water 36.29% facility 99.06%

Bio-gas/LP Gas as major Firewood/Dung as major cooking fuel Facility Cooking Fuel Facility 24.91% 74.1%

Electricity as major cooking facility 0.87%

Access to Mobile, Internet and Bank Account in Parsa District (17 and Over Years Age Group)

Mobile Phone User

Total Male 88.11% 71.44% Female 52.72%

Internet User Total Male 58.43% 48.76% Female 37.9%

Bank Account Holder

Total Male 36.47% 30.17% Female 23.09%

- 75 - 5 FINDINGS AT LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEVEL ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at Local Government Level

Table: 4.1.1 Findings at Metropolitan and Submetropolitan City Level

Out Of School Children 5-16 Enrollment By School Type 5 - 16 Meeting Minimum Competency At 3rd Grade Level

5-16 3-4 Private All Subjects Nepali English Math PalikaName District 5-16 3-4 Community Religious All Subjects Nepali English Math Female Female (Institutional) Female Female Female Female

Janakpur Sub- 203 3.30% 4.00% 83.00% 78.50% 37.50% 62.20% 0.40% 17.70% 15.60% 24.40% 21.60% 23.90% 21.20% 30.20% 43.20% Metropolitian City Jitpur Simara Sub- 207 1.20% 1.60% 86.80% 88.60% 42.70% 56.70% 0.50% 19.40% 19.30% 34.10% 35.70% 31.60% 32.20% 25.70% 27.00% Metropolitian City Kalaiya Sub- 207 6.80% 8.90% 81.30% 80.10% 50.80% 48.60% 0.60% 6.50% 5.60% 17.40% 19.50% 13.70% 13.20% 14.80% 21.60% Metropolitian City Birgunj 208 0.30% 0.43% 58.40% 59.70% 31.20% 68.80% 0.00% 37.00% 32.40% 39.60% 34.50% 41.50% 35.90% 41.80% 72.40% Metropolitian City

Table 4.1.2 Findings at Urban Municipality Level

Out Of School Children 5-16 Enrollment By School Type 5 - 16 Meeting Minimum Competency At 3rd Grade Level

5-16 3-4 Private All Subjects Nepali English Math PalikaName District 5-16 3-4 Community Religious All Subjects Nepali English Math Female Female (Institutional) Female Female Female Female

Saptakoshi 201 6.10% 6.10% 66.30% 65.80% 41.00% 59.00% 0.00% 11.10% 10.20% 28.60% 33.70% 20.80% 20.40% 17.50% 18.40% Municipality Kanchanrup 201 4.60% 5.10% 74.60% 69.80% 50.00% 44.90% 5.10% 9.20% 6.90% 25.50% 22.10% 19.80% 18.00% 15.00% 19.40% Municipality Shambhunath 201 7.10% 7.90% 75.70% 69.20% 57.60% 41.00% 1.40% 10.20% 8.40% 23.00% 19.90% 13.50% 12.00% 17.60% 22.50% Municipality Khadak 201 4.40% 6.30% 78.20% 77.40% 60.20% 30.30% 9.50% 9.80% 5.80% 31.90% 31.90% 18.40% 12.60% 15.30% 20.80% Municipality Surunga 201 2.00% 1.60% 67.30% 59.70% 62.00% 38.00% 0.00% 12.00% 12.60% 33.60% 29.70% 20.10% 18.10% 18.70% 24.70% Municipality Bode Barsain 201 4.10% 5.60% 67.80% 65.10% 62.20% 36.80% 1.00% 12.50% 7.40% 24.10% 22.80% 14.60% 10.20% 23.90% 30.20% Municipality Dakneshwori 201 4.50% 6.80% 82.30% 79.10% 61.70% 35.70% 2.50% 9.00% 5.20% 18.60% 16.30% 12.80% 8.30% 24.10% 34.50% Municipality

- 77 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at Local Government Level

Out Of School Children 5-16 Enrollment By School Type 5 - 16 Meeting Minimum Competency At 3rd Grade Level

5-16 3-4 Private All Subjects Nepali English Math PalikaName District 5-16 3-4 Community Religious All Subjects Nepali English Math Female Female (Institutional) Female Female Female Female

Rajbiraj 201 0.50% 0.00% 52.80% 52.80% 48.30% 50.90% 0.80% 24.40% 23.30% 39.20% 40.90% 31.90% 30.70% 34.40% 41.50% Municipality Hanumannagar Kankalini 201 3.10% 4.60% 30.80% 27.50% 45.80% 53.70% 0.50% 14.70% 12.80% 23.30% 20.40% 23.00% 16.80% 20.50% 24.50% Municipality

Lahan Municipality 202 5.00% 3.80% 86.00% 87.10% 49.70% 49.90% 0.40% 8.20% 7.20% 14.40% 14.00% 11.60% 10.20% 18.60% 24.30%

Dhangadhimai 202 3.80% 4.50% 11.10% 13.90% 68.10% 31.90% 0.00% 12.10% 9.10% 17.30% 14.20% 15.90% 13.10% 17.00% 21.00% Municipality Golbazar 202 7.90% 10.30% 77.60% 75.30% 59.60% 39.70% 0.70% 5.80% 3.10% 10.60% 9.40% 8.40% 6.70% 12.70% 18.40% Municipality Mirchaiya 202 17.70% 16.80% 4.80% 3.90% 80.80% 19.20% 0.00% 7.80% 8.20% 10.90% 10.30% 10.60% 9.20% 8.30% 9.20% Municipality Karjanha 202 7.50% 8.10% 91.00% 86.10% 46.30% 53.70% 0.00% 7.90% 5.90% 17.00% 16.20% 12.60% 10.80% 17.20% 23.00% Municipality Kalyanpur 202 11.60% 8.90% 1.40% 1.40% 61.00% 39.00% 0.00% 17.00% 11.70% 22.00% 15.50% 19.80% 14.10% 19.30% 31.00% Municipality Sukhipur 202 2.80% 4.00% 73.20% 72.40% 57.10% 42.70% 0.20% 7.40% 4.90% 15.30% 11.90% 13.10% 8.00% 15.60% 22.10% Municipality

Siraha Municipality 202 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Ganeshman Charnath 203 8.50% 8.50% 84.60% 86.60% 79.10% 20.90% 0.00% 9.40% 8.50% 12.50% 11.20% 12.30% 11.20% 15.40% 19.70% Municipality Dhanushadham 203 3.60% 5.80% 86.00% 86.50% 43.30% 54.90% 1.80% 10.60% 9.20% 16.70% 15.00% 15.00% 12.90% 19.50% 22.10% Municipality

Mithila Municipality 203 1.40% 0.70% 81.30% 81.80% 42.50% 57.20% 0.30% 17.40% 19.00% 30.00% 32.70% 25.10% 24.80% 26.50% 40.50%

Chhireshwornath 203 3.60% 4.80% 87.30% 85.60% 37.70% 61.50% 0.80% 10.50% 10.60% 18.00% 18.50% 15.60% 15.00% 13.90% 15.90% Municipality Mithila Bihari 203 8.80% 11.10% 93.10% 94.70% 59.80% 39.80% 0.40% 8.90% 6.90% 16.90% 15.10% 10.40% 7.90% 22.90% 20.60% Municipality Hansapur 203 8.30% 9.10% 87.40% 92.10% 80.10% 19.20% 0.70% 1.30% 1.90% 2.80% 3.80% 2.80% 3.80% 4.10% 3.80% Municipality

- 78 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at Local Government Level

Out Of School Children 5-16 Enrollment By School Type 5 - 16 Meeting Minimum Competency At 3rd Grade Level

5-16 3-4 Private All Subjects Nepali English Math PalikaName District 5-16 3-4 Community Religious All Subjects Nepali English Math Female Female (Institutional) Female Female Female Female

Sabaila 203 4.30% 4.90% 80.20% 81.30% 51.00% 46.70% 2.30% 12.60% 7.50% 21.10% 16.40% 16.60% 8.20% 21.50% 30.60% Municipality Shahidnagar 203 4.80% 5.00% 81.30% 80.20% 57.50% 42.20% 0.20% 18.00% 18.30% 27.60% 27.50% 25.20% 23.90% 24.00% 26.10% Municipality Kamala 203 6.80% 9.00% 89.00% 94.00% 63.70% 36.00% 0.30% 11.70% 6.90% 17.40% 14.30% 14.40% 9.30% 18.50% 21.50% Municipality

Bideha Municipality 203 5.80% 6.70% 91.40% 90.60% 68.60% 28.60% 2.90% 7.80% 6.70% 13.50% 14.40% 11.00% 9.60% 18.60% 22.10%

Nagarain 203 8.00% 6.80% 80.30% 78.40% 64.20% 35.80% 0.00% 5.00% 4.60% 12.10% 11.40% 7.80% 8.20% 23.20% 29.70% Municipality Bardibas 204 0.00% 0.00% 83.40% 79.10% 52.70% 47.30% 0.00% 8.60% 8.40% 29.10% 30.90% 19.20% 16.90% 16.10% 19.10% Municipality Gaushala 204 7.10% 9.70% 83.90% 89.20% 47.70% 51.70% 0.60% 9.70% 6.80% 21.20% 19.30% 16.70% 13.90% 15.60% 18.60% Municipality

Aurahi Municipality 204 11.40% 14.70% 77.10% 80.60% 63.50% 36.30% 0.20% 4.90% 3.30% 15.00% 12.00% 10.30% 6.20% 13.30% 16.80%

Bhangaha 204 7.90% 8.30% 75.90% 76.00% 62.90% 36.50% 0.60% 4.50% 1.90% 9.60% 7.40% 6.00% 2.70% 11.80% 15.20% Municipality Loharpatti 204 8.70% 10.50% 82.90% 82.50% 56.60% 41.20% 2.20% 10.70% 8.60% 22.40% 21.90% 18.10% 16.20% 16.80% 21.00% Municipality

Balawa Municipality 204 0.60% 0.80% 31.30% 30.90% 77.30% 22.20% 0.50% 3.40% 3.30% 5.50% 5.30% 4.70% 4.50% 6.10% 7.00%

Ram Gopalpur 204 0.80% 0.40% 55.60% 57.70% 71.30% 28.70% 0.00% 4.30% 4.00% 9.20% 8.50% 5.60% 5.20% 9.40% 12.10% Municipality Manara Shisawa 204 8.20% 11.00% 84.30% 86.70% 68.70% 30.60% 0.70% 14.90% 10.50% 22.80% 21.50% 18.20% 15.40% 21.00% 27.90% Municipality Matihani 204 14.60% 16.90% 76.90% 79.10% 64.00% 33.30% 2.70% 7.50% 7.80% 15.30% 14.80% 8.90% 8.60% 18.30% 17.60% Municipality Jaleshwor 204 9.10% 9.00% 76.90% 75.70% 56.90% 42.80% 0.20% 4.00% 3.80% 11.10% 8.50% 9.60% 8.50% 14.70% 21.20% Municipality Lalbandi 205 3.50% 5.50% 78.70% 78.10% 48.40% 51.60% 0.00% 18.80% 19.50% 34.80% 39.00% 27.80% 29.30% 24.80% 34.80% Municipality Hariwan 205 6.10% 6.30% 75.00% 80.40% 32.50% 67.20% 0.30% 16.40% 16.00% 28.90% 32.60% 30.00% 29.70% 29.00% 31.40% Municipality

- 79 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at Local Government Level

Out Of School Children 5-16 Enrollment By School Type 5 - 16 Meeting Minimum Competency At 3rd Grade Level

5-16 3-4 Private All Subjects Nepali English Math PalikaName District 5-16 3-4 Community Religious All Subjects Nepali English Math Female Female (Institutional) Female Female Female Female

Bagmati 205 3.70% 1.90% 73.80% 79.30% 51.60% 46.40% 2.10% 10.00% 12.70% 34.30% 38.00% 23.00% 24.70% 15.70% 12.00% Municipality Barahathawa 205 4.30% 7.00% 83.30% 84.60% 41.10% 58.90% 0.00% 3.20% 0.00% 13.80% 11.60% 12.80% 4.70% 7.50% 9.30% Municipality Haripur 205 12.80% 15.90% 43.20% 76.00% 62.30% 37.50% 0.30% 15.30% 13.40% 25.70% 23.40% 20.60% 18.70% 21.10% 27.30% Municipality Ishworpur 205 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Municipality Haripurwa 205 9.60% 11.80% 66.40% 73.90% 56.90% 42.20% 0.90% 8.70% 4.50% 22.00% 18.20% 13.30% 9.10% 16.20% 22.70% Municipality Kabilashi 205 11.30% 13.50% 68.30% 72.00% 51.90% 48.10% 0.00% 10.60% 6.00% 19.40% 14.70% 15.40% 8.60% 18.50% 26.30% Municipality

Balara Municipality 205 14.80% 21.10% 53.30% 68.80% 78.20% 21.30% 0.40% 10.70% 7.90% 17.20% 15.40% 11.80% 8.80% 19.20% 28.90%

Godaita 205 17.90% 17.30% 69.20% 68.40% 75.80% 23.20% 1.00% 10.50% 10.60% 14.20% 13.40% 11.50% 11.70% 18.40% 21.20% Municipality Malangawa 205 4.70% 4.80% 77.10% 77.00% 41.60% 56.70% 1.70% 17.50% 16.10% 26.60% 24.20% 22.60% 19.40% 29.90% 33.10% Municipality Chandrapur 206 1.50% 2.20% 73.60% 72.90% 52.30% 47.70% 0.00% 19.30% 19.10% 40.10% 41.90% 28.60% 28.70% 24.20% 36.00% Municipality

Gujara Municipality 206 4.30% 2.70% 71.30% 73.30% 63.80% 35.60% 0.60% 11.90% 5.30% 27.00% 26.70% 17.30% 12.00% 14.70% 26.70%

Phatuwa Bijayapur 206 16.60% 21.20% 84.60% 85.90% 70.10% 29.70% 0.20% 8.40% 8.00% 17.40% 15.90% 11.40% 10.60% 16.00% 20.80% Municipality Katahariya 206 6.20% 9.30% 82.00% 80.50% 72.60% 27.40% 0.00% 16.60% 12.70% 25.20% 20.60% 19.90% 14.20% 30.50% 39.20% Municipality Brindaban 206 8.10% 10.90% 70.70% 80.70% 85.20% 13.90% 0.90% 9.00% 8.50% 16.80% 13.20% 12.10% 11.60% 17.40% 27.90% Municipality Gadhimai 206 10.10% 13.20% 80.40% 75.80% 76.20% 18.90% 4.90% 17.90% 15.80% 27.30% 24.40% 20.60% 16.70% 28.40% 40.60% Municipality Madhav Narayan 206 17.30% 22.80% 80.60% 85.90% 73.90% 26.10% 0.00% 8.60% 6.30% 13.00% 9.80% 10.60% 8.30% 14.20% 22.00% Municipality

- 80 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at Local Government Level

Out Of School Children 5-16 Enrollment By School Type 5 - 16 Meeting Minimum Competency At 3rd Grade Level

5-16 3-4 Private All Subjects Nepali English Math PalikaName District 5-16 3-4 Community Religious All Subjects Nepali English Math Female Female (Institutional) Female Female Female Female

Garuda 206 19.50% 30.90% 72.50% 81.60% 82.40% 17.60% 0.00% 11.80% 8.80% 17.60% 16.20% 14.10% 10.30% 24.80% 44.10% Municipality Dewahi Gonahi 206 13.30% 18.00% 82.20% 82.50% 62.90% 30.40% 6.70% 8.00% 3.80% 17.30% 11.70% 10.00% 5.20% 16.80% 25.70% Municipality Maulapur 206 12.80% 17.50% 75.30% 72.90% 73.50% 26.50% 0.00% 3.10% 2.50% 7.90% 8.10% 5.50% 4.40% 16.00% 25.60% Municipality Boudhimai 206 20.90% 24.20% 77.40% 81.20% 65.60% 34.20% 0.20% 9.00% 8.10% 13.50% 11.60% 10.80% 9.00% 17.40% 18.70% Municipality

Paroha Municipality 206 10.20% 11.50% 63.90% 61.10% 76.50% 22.20% 1.30% 12.30% 7.60% 20.90% 16.60% 15.30% 9.40% 20.10% 28.80%

Rajpur Municipality 206 19.70% 23.50% 86.50% 87.40% 53.80% 18.40% 27.90% 2.70% 1.70% 4.60% 3.70% 4.00% 3.40% 4.90% 7.00%

Rajdevi 206 13.80% 14.80% 65.50% 70.80% 76.70% 23.10% 0.20% 5.10% 3.30% 11.20% 7.10% 6.60% 3.80% 15.90% 29.00% Municipality

Gaur Municipality 206 16.70% 19.40% 89.00% 91.70% 52.40% 47.30% 0.30% 8.20% 6.80% 13.60% 11.50% 12.20% 9.90% 17.00% 22.00%

Ishanath 206 25.20% 28.30% 77.20% 78.20% 75.90% 22.10% 2.00% 4.90% 5.90% 7.40% 7.50% 6.20% 6.40% 9.20% 10.20% Municipality Nijagadh 207 1.10% 1.60% 66.80% 68.20% 65.80% 34.20% 0.00% 4.20% 3.30% 24.80% 28.30% 21.20% 19.30% 6.90% 6.10% Municipality Kolhabi 207 4.90% 5.30% 71.10% 77.60% 66.50% 33.50% 0.00% 11.40% 13.20% 22.10% 26.30% 17.40% 18.90% 19.70% 16.80% Municipality Simroungadh 207 7.10% 8.60% 84.20% 96.20% 89.00% 11.00% 0.00% 13.60% 14.10% 19.00% 18.80% 17.20% 18.00% 17.40% 22.40% Municipality Pacharauta 207 2.20% 2.10% 77.20% 81.50% 78.60% 21.20% 0.20% 2.00% 2.80% 7.40% 7.30% 2.90% 2.80% 13.90% 18.50% Municipality Mahagadhimai 207 13.30% 15.00% 88.00% 89.90% 57.20% 42.80% 0.00% 6.60% 5.70% 14.60% 16.70% 10.00% 8.90% 12.50% 15.40% Municipality Parsagadhi 208 8.70% 9.00% 67.30% 74.70% 64.60% 34.10% 1.20% 14.20% 10.00% 21.70% 20.40% 19.20% 17.20% 24.20% 28.50% Municipality Bahudarmai 208 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% #DIV/0! 0.00% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Municipality Pokhariya 208 14.00% 13.40% 81.40% 79.60% 62.10% 37.50% 0.40% 9.40% 5.90% 14.90% 9.70% 10.90% 6.70% 16.00% 26.10% Municipality

- 81 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at Local Government Level

Table 4.1.3 Findings at Rural Municipality Level

Out Of School 5-16 Enrollment By School Type 5 - 16 Meeting Minimum Competency At 3rd Grade Level

5-16 3-4 Private All Subjects Nepali English Math PalikaName District 5-16 3-4 Community Religious All Subjects Nepali English Math Female Female (Institutional) Female Female Female Female

Aadarsha Kotwal 207 7.90% 11.00% 77.50% 77.40% 59.80% 39.70% 0.50% 7.40% 4.80% 16.20% 13.00% 11.20% 6.20% 19.60% 27.40% Gaunpalika Agmisair Krishna Sabaran 201 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Gaunpalika

Arnama Gaunpalika 202 6.40% 5.60% 88.00% 83.90% 47.00% 44.90% 8.10% 8.40% 4.70% 15.20% 12.70% 11.30% 6.10% 14.80% 23.90%

Aurahi Gaunpalika 202 4.20% 3.70% 88.70% 91.50% 74.80% 24.90% 0.30% 12.80% 11.20% 24.20% 21.70% 21.70% 20.50% 17.30% 23.60%

Aurahi Gaunpalika 203 4.70% 6.30% 71.40% 67.50% 56.50% 42.70% 0.80% 3.60% 2.80% 10.80% 8.90% 7.70% 3.90% 16.70% 26.80%

Balan-Bihul 201 8.40% 9.90% 83.90% 81.00% 61.30% 33.70% 5.00% 8.20% 6.60% 12.30% 10.40% 11.30% 8.80% 14.00% 19.80% Gaunpalika Baragadhi 207 10.00% 11.50% 84.80% 89.50% 68.10% 31.90% 0.00% 5.90% 5.20% 22.40% 25.70% 14.00% 13.60% 13.30% 15.20% Gaunpalika

Bariyarpatti Gika 202 10.60% 8.00% 57.50% 58.10% 67.80% 32.00% 0.30% 11.10% 9.60% 17.50% 16.00% 13.40% 11.80% 17.30% 26.70%

Basbariya 205 21.40% 25.10% 75.60% 82.40% 72.80% 27.20% 0.00% 4.50% 2.80% 9.50% 8.40% 6.70% 5.00% 7.80% 13.40% Gaunpalika Bateshwor 203 2.20% 2.40% 83.90% 86.80% 64.60% 35.40% 0.00% 9.90% 6.80% 25.20% 22.70% 16.90% 15.90% 15.50% 23.20% Gaunpalika Bhagawanpur 202 11.80% 10.50% 58.30% 58.10% 83.70% 16.30% 0.00% 6.10% 4.80% 9.10% 8.10% 8.90% 7.20% 13.70% 17.20% Gaunpalika Bindabasini 208 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Gaunpalika

Bishnu Gaunpalika 205 23.70% 26.30% 85.90% 84.90% 63.80% 36.20% 0.00% 4.60% 2.40% 11.50% 7.20% 6.60% 3.60% 16.10% 29.90%

Bishnupur 201 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Gaunpalika Bishnupur 202 2.00% 1.10% 76.70% 76.90% 60.30% 39.20% 0.50% 15.00% 12.80% 27.80% 29.10% 22.40% 19.00% 22.00% 35.80% Gaunpalika Bishrampur 207 12.80% 14.20% 70.80% 70.10% 66.10% 33.90% 0.00% 5.30% 5.20% 12.60% 10.90% 8.30% 7.60% 12.30% 21.30% Gaunpalika

- 82 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at Local Government Level

Out Of School 5-16 Enrollment By School Type 5 - 16 Meeting Minimum Competency At 3rd Grade Level

5-16 3-4 Private All Subjects Nepali English Math PalikaName District 5-16 3-4 Community Religious All Subjects Nepali English Math Female Female (Institutional) Female Female Female Female

Brahmapuri 205 7.80% 9.10% 90.40% 88.60% 72.30% 23.60% 4.10% 10.70% 9.10% 17.00% 16.10% 12.40% 10.20% 17.00% 17.50% Gaunpalika Chakraghatta 205 20.00% 24.40% 69.80% 66.70% 59.50% 40.30% 0.30% 7.30% 3.80% 13.50% 10.50% 10.70% 5.70% 13.50% 20.60% Gaunpalika Chandranagar 205 6.70% 8.80% 79.30% 89.20% 58.90% 41.10% 0.00% 19.50% 16.00% 27.80% 25.60% 22.20% 18.40% 32.60% 34.80% Gaunpalika Chhinnamasta 201 7.60% 10.30% 47.70% 48.00% 68.90% 31.10% 0.00% 16.10% 13.80% 26.70% 23.40% 20.80% 20.00% 31.70% 47.60% Gaunpalika Chhipaharmai 208 16.50% 19.70% 82.70% 80.80% 82.00% 17.80% 0.20% 7.10% 6.80% 14.10% 12.90% 8.10% 7.20% 21.60% 27.30% Gaunpalika

Devtal Gaunpalika 207 14.40% 19.60% 57.90% 55.30% 71.10% 28.60% 0.30% 10.30% 10.00% 15.30% 15.30% 14.90% 14.40% 22.10% 27.80%

Dhanakaul 205 31.50% 38.50% 87.10% 87.40% 63.50% 36.50% 0.00% 8.70% 5.30% 13.20% 8.60% 9.40% 6.10% 15.40% 20.90% Gaunpalika Dhanauji 203 11.10% 13.00% 87.30% 88.10% 50.70% 48.80% 0.50% 7.60% 4.80% 12.60% 8.20% 11.80% 7.20% 15.90% 22.70% Gaunpalika

Dhobini Gaunpalika 208 0.70% 0.50% 67.50% 70.00% 71.90% 28.10% 0.00% 8.90% 9.20% 14.00% 14.90% 12.10% 12.30% 15.90% 20.00%

Durga Bhagawati 206 19.00% 20.70% 87.00% 89.50% 78.90% 20.60% 0.60% 10.10% 7.60% 12.20% 10.10% 11.90% 9.60% 16.20% 21.70% Gaunpalika

Ekadara Gaunpalika 204 2.90% 3.30% 20.20% 20.70% 86.60% 13.20% 0.20% 2.20% 3.30% 3.30% 4.20% 2.60% 3.80% 6.10% 4.70%

Jagarnathpur 208 14.10% 15.00% 79.30% 82.50% 67.20% 29.00% 3.80% 9.40% 7.00% 15.50% 13.70% 11.00% 7.90% 15.50% 18.90% Gaunpalika Janak Nandini 203 3.80% 4.60% 80.20% 82.80% 53.70% 46.30% 0.00% 16.60% 13.80% 26.60% 23.50% 19.20% 16.30% 27.80% 37.20% Gaunpalika Jirabhawani 208 5.90% 6.80% 74.00% 68.30% 76.70% 23.30% 0.00% 6.40% 7.40% 25.30% 27.40% 18.70% 18.90% 8.60% 8.40% Gaunpalika Kalikamai 208 4.70% 5.10% 74.20% 70.20% 60.20% 39.80% 0.00% 16.30% 16.20% 25.20% 27.30% 22.50% 20.70% 24.70% 46.50% Gaunpalika Karaiyamai 207 4.30% 3.60% 79.40% 77.30% 66.70% 33.30% 0.00% 5.80% 5.00% 17.30% 16.40% 12.10% 9.30% 10.10% 12.50% Gaunpalika

- 83 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at Local Government Level

Out Of School 5-16 Enrollment By School Type 5 - 16 Meeting Minimum Competency At 3rd Grade Level

5-16 3-4 Private All Subjects Nepali English Math PalikaName District 5-16 3-4 Community Religious All Subjects Nepali English Math Female Female (Institutional) Female Female Female Female

Kaudena 205 13.50% 14.70% 74.20% 75.00% 56.00% 44.00% 0.00% 22.60% 20.20% 29.00% 28.70% 23.20% 20.90% 44.20% 56.60% Gaunpalika Laxminiya 203 6.40% 6.50% 75.60% 80.00% 46.90% 53.10% 0.00% 1.10% 0.80% 5.30% 5.80% 2.60% 1.50% 4.60% 3.80% Gaunpalika Laxmipur Patari 202 8.10% 7.90% 71.60% 62.60% 64.20% 35.50% 0.20% 10.50% 7.40% 12.60% 10.80% 12.20% 9.40% 19.80% 28.10% Gaunpalika Mahadewa 201 10.10% 13.20% 74.10% 74.70% 63.50% 36.20% 0.30% 14.90% 10.90% 18.70% 16.10% 16.50% 11.50% 21.90% 28.70% Gaunpalika Mahottari 204 10.50% 11.40% 81.60% 80.00% 76.10% 23.90% 0.00% 11.30% 8.50% 19.40% 18.80% 13.50% 10.80% 19.20% 23.50% Gaunpalika Mukhiyapatti Musaharmiya 203 35.50% 29.80% 89.90% 88.30% 58.30% 41.10% 0.70% 5.60% 5.50% 10.90% 10.60% 7.70% 7.30% 14.50% 20.20% Gaunpalika

Naraha Gaunpalika 202 4.90% 7.10% 69.00% 66.70% 66.30% 33.70% 0.00% 5.20% 3.20% 10.10% 10.30% 8.10% 6.40% 9.00% 14.10%

Nawarajpur 202 12.70% 16.00% 78.40% 70.70% 76.80% 21.50% 1.70% 0.50% 0.00% 3.50% 3.00% 0.70% 0.00% 11.70% 16.00% Gaunpalika Pakaha Mainpur 208 5.70% 6.20% 67.00% 73.10% 74.90% 25.10% 0.00% 21.40% 18.30% 25.40% 22.90% 23.70% 20.40% 38.20% 49.20% Gaunpalika Parawanipur 207 11.40% 9.70% 81.30% 79.60% 44.80% 54.10% 1.10% 9.20% 11.30% 19.80% 25.10% 15.30% 16.90% 16.90% 16.40% Gaunpalika

Parsa Gaunpalika 205 16.60% 18.50% 61.40% 61.00% 59.60% 38.60% 1.90% 10.60% 5.20% 17.00% 12.80% 12.40% 6.20% 19.50% 26.50%

Paterwa Sugauli 208 4.80% 5.10% 81.50% 90.20% 92.70% 7.30% 0.00% 13.00% 11.80% 25.30% 26.20% 15.60% 15.20% 19.80% 25.30% Gaunpalika

Pheta Gaunpalika 207 8.40% 9.40% 50.80% 54.60% 56.30% 36.90% 6.90% 10.10% 6.70% 12.20% 8.10% 10.80% 7.60% 17.60% 21.50%

Pipara Gaunpalika 204 10.70% 12.30% 69.80% 73.60% 56.30% 43.80% 0.00% 11.40% 8.90% 17.50% 16.20% 14.00% 11.20% 26.90% 35.80%

Prasauni 207 4.20% 2.50% 70.40% 72.00% 64.00% 36.00% 0.00% 18.10% 14.10% 24.20% 21.20% 21.40% 17.20% 23.50% 29.80% Gaunpalika Karaiyamai 207 4.30% 3.60% 79.40% 77.30% 66.70% 33.30% 0.00% 5.80% 5.00% 17.30% 16.40% 12.10% 9.30% 10.10% 12.50% Gaunpalika

- 84 - ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Findings at Local Government Level

Out Of School 5-16 Enrollment By School Type 5 - 16 Meeting Minimum Competency At 3rd Grade Level

5-16 3-4 Private All Subjects Nepali English Math PalikaName District 5-16 3-4 Community Religious All Subjects Nepali English Math Female Female (Institutional) Female Female Female Female

Rajgud Gaunpalika 201 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Ramnagar 205 15.80% 17.20% 87.10% 82.30% 72.50% 27.50% 0.00% 9.50% 6.20% 19.20% 13.70% 13.60% 9.70% 16.00% 27.80% Gaunpalika

Rupani Gaunpalika 201 7.70% 7.60% 83.80% 83.80% 44.40% 54.60% 0.90% 14.80% 10.20% 28.20% 26.80% 20.50% 15.90% 22.00% 28.70%

Sakhuwa Nankarkatti 202 9.20% 6.90% 72.40% 68.20% 74.30% 25.70% 0.00% 13.80% 10.00% 18.80% 17.70% 16.10% 13.80% 15.20% 23.80% Gaunpalika Sakhuwa Prasauni 208 6.40% 9.20% 69.80% 77.70% 74.30% 22.10% 3.60% 16.80% 15.30% 25.60% 20.20% 22.90% 19.00% 28.70% 32.50% Gaunpalika

Samsi Gaunpalika 204 20.00% 20.90% 79.90% 81.10% 65.00% 20.90% 14.10% 7.30% 7.60% 8.00% 8.20% 7.30% 7.60% 12.30% 17.40%

Sonama 204 10.50% 12.10% 90.40% 90.80% 70.60% 29.40% 0.00% 6.30% 5.00% 14.50% 12.10% 8.20% 6.30% 14.30% 16.30% Gaunpalika Subarna 207 14.70% 16.00% 61.40% 67.60% 68.00% 26.80% 5.30% 7.50% 5.30% 12.40% 10.20% 10.30% 6.80% 28.60% 45.60% Gaunpalika

Thori Gaunpalika 208 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Tilathi Koiladi 201 6.40% 9.50% 73.10% 70.90% 63.80% 36.20% 0.00% 16.70% 10.80% 24.70% 17.10% 21.40% 13.30% 27.30% 39.90% Gaunpalika

Tirahut Gaunpalika 201 21.80% 20.70% 93.60% 92.30% 57.30% 41.40% 1.30% 24.60% 24.50% 27.80% 28.80% 25.60% 24.50% 30.70% 33.70%

Yamunamai 206 17.50% 18.40% 82.80% 82.80% 79.30% 19.50% 1.20% 2.60% 3.10% 7.30% 9.40% 2.90% 3.10% 12.40% 14.30% Gaunpalika

Pheta Gaunpalika 207 8.40% 9.40% 50.80% 54.60% 56.30% 36.90% 6.90% 10.10% 6.70% 12.20% 8.10% 10.80% 7.60% 17.60% 21.50%

Pipara Gaunpalika 204 10.70% 12.30% 69.80% 73.60% 56.30% 43.80% 0.00% 11.40% 8.90% 17.50% 16.20% 14.00% 11.20% 26.90% 35.80%

Prasauni 207 4.20% 2.50% 70.40% 72.00% 64.00% 36.00% 0.00% 18.10% 14.10% 24.20% 21.20% 21.40% 17.20% 23.50% 29.80% Gaunpalika Karaiyamai 207 4.30% 3.60% 79.40% 77.30% 66.70% 33.30% 0.00% 5.80% 5.00% 17.30% 16.40% 12.10% 9.30% 10.10% 12.50% Gaunpalika

- 85 - 6 CONCLUSION ASER 2019 - A Consultative Report, Province 2, Nepal - Conclusion

There are few very alarming issues that this survey has brought out. Only one fifth students who have completed 5th grade were able to read Nepali, English and solve Math at a 3rd grade level. More than that one tenth children who are already in grade 4 and 5 can’t recognize a single letter in Nepali and English alphabets and even can’t recognise a single number. If we consider the students who have complted 8th grade, less than half were able to perform a 3rd garde level reading and arithmetic problems. Two thord majority students from current 6-8 grades were unable to perform 3rd grade readings and math. If we look the data from gender lense, females underperform in both learning and enrollment, and the gender disparity is visible across access to school, enrollment, learning outcomes, and access to other facilities that could enhance learning such as mobile phones, internet and bank accounts.

The Out of School rate is about twice as high among 15-16 year old’s as it is among 10-12 year olds suggesting that drop-out increases significantly with age. Looking through the lens of geography, we find that Out of School rates are lower in metro areas than at the Gaunpalika/Nagarpalika levels across the board. Looking into the leraning outcomes, the performance of Out Of School children is dismal. Less than 1% of out of school children can perform at a 3rd grade level. As most school based assessments miss out on this group, it is important to think about how to make them visible. The global commitment from us is making sure “ALL” children learn, not the only who are enrolled at schools.

There is virtually no performance gap between students in and nagarpalikas. This perhaps reflects the fact that many nagarpalikas were until recently classified as rural areas; thus they retain significant rural clusters. Looking into the findings, this is appropriate time to start a conversation on the role citizen-led assessments can play in supporting the education ecosystem and education policy-making in Nepal. Beyond the discussion about the results, our discussion should also focus on the role a CLA could play in the ecosystem and identifying where ASER findings could feed into the policy-making and program development process.

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PROFILE OF COLLABORATORS

ASER NEPAL

ASER Nepal was born out of the recognition of multiple people in multiple organizations that even as kids were going to school in increasing numbers, they were not learning. Conversations between members of Arc (a research center), GalliGalli (a civic technology non-profit) and Karkhana (an education-focused social enterprise) converged on Citizen Led Assessments as the most contextually appropriate way to transform the education system in Nepal. At the moment, ASER Nepal is hosted by Arc Insights and Analysis located at Pashupati Road, Gyaneshwor, Kathmandu.

STREET CHILD NEPAL

Street Child of Nepal provides education for children in marginalised rural and urban communities across Nepal. From building schools in earthquake-affected communities to giving the most marginalised children a chance to go to school, the organization believes in long-term solutions. Street Child Nepal is now working to ensure that no child is forgotten and has access to the learning opportunities that they deserve. The registered office of Street Child Nepal is at Maitri Marga, Bakhundol, Lalitpur, Nepal and it mainly works in the districts of Province 2 and its surroundings.

AASAMAN NEPAL

Pioneering in the area of education, child protection, health and livelihood, Aasaman Nepal has been successful in establishing itself as a National level NGO since its inception in 1998. It has shown its larger engagement and representation in developing and implementing programs aiming youth (female, marginalized and disadvantaged) employment through vocational and life skill training for livelihood, inclusive quality education (especially for Girls, Dalit, Muslim, Mushar and Children with Disability), protection, promotion and fulfillment of child rights (birth registration, child marriage and child labor) in various working districts under its jurisdiction as well as supporting disaster (flood, earthquake, storm and firing) afflicted people, children, family and households in , hill and mountain districts.

This Citizen Led Assessment research has been possible with the generous support from the UK Aid Direct. Contact Address ASER Nepal Pashupati Road, Gyaneshwor, Kathmandu Phone: 01-4437215 Email: [email protected]

Street Child Nepal Maitri Marga, Bakhundol, Lalitpur Phone: 01-5536108 Email: [email protected]

Aasaman Nepal Mahalaxmisthan, Lalitpur Phone: 01-5171649 Email: [email protected]