TRiSS Working Paper Series TRiSS-03-2019 Location, Migration and Age: Literary Clusters in Germany from mid-18th to early-20th Century1 Lukas Kuld2 and John O’Hagan3 Email addresses:
[email protected] and lukas.kuld@ udo.edu 18th March 2019 Abstract: We study the formation of creative clusters in the light of the changes in the German economic and political structures during the 19th century. We show how the migration and geographic location of writers mirrors the evolution of the literary market from a patronage system in a pre-industrial, politically fractured area to a market system in a modern nation state. For this, we have collected yearly data on the 149 German writers listed in the Encyclopedia Britannica and born in the 18th and 19th centuries. We find that, first, large cities, especially Berlin, become the dominant location though only at the end of this process. Second, migration and publication output are both strongly linked to age. These age- migration and age-productivity patterns remain for subsequent cohorts. However, while later- born writers spend their formative and most productive years close to other writers, there is no clear cluster pattern for earlier writers Keywords: geographic clusters, migration, creative output, age Primary Disciplines: economic history, cultural economics 1 The authors wish to thank Tara Bedi, Mary Cosgrove and Carol O’Hagan for helpful comments, Niamh Corcoran for conscientious research assistance and the Department of Economics, Trinity College Dublin, for generous funding for data collection. 2 Technical University Dortmund, Germany 3 School of Social Sciences and Philosophy, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland 1 Introduction Creative clusters form through migration and/or birth.