The Angel of Ferrara

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Angel of Ferrara The Angel of Ferrara Benjamin Woolley Goldsmith’s College, University of London Submitted for the degree of PhD I declare that the work presented in this thesis is my own Benjamin Woolley Date: 1st October, 2014 Abstract This thesis comprises two parts: an extract of The Angel of Ferrara, a historical novel, and a critical component entitled What is history doing in Fiction? The novel is set in Ferrara in February, 1579, an Italian city at the height of its powers but deep in debt. Amid the aristocratic pomp and popular festivities surrounding the duke’s wedding to his third wife, the secret child of the city’s most celebrated singer goes missing. A street-smart debt collector and lovelorn bureaucrat are drawn into her increasingly desperate attempts to find her son, their efforts uncovering the brutal instruments of ostentation and domination that gave rise to what we now know as the Renaissance. In the critical component, I draw on the experience of writing The Angel of Ferrara and nonfiction works to explore the relationship between history and fiction. Beginning with a survey of the development of historical fiction since the inception of the genre’s modern form with the Walter Scott’s Waverley, I analyse the various paratextual interventions—prefaces, authors’ notes, acknowledgements—authors have used to explore and explain the use of factual research in their works. I draw on this to reflect in more detail at how research shaped the writing of the Angel of Ferrara and other recent historical novels, in particular Hilary Mantel’s Wolf Hall. I then examine the issue from the opposite perspective: the use of fictional devices in history, considering whether or not this compromises or enhances historical authority and validity. I end by critically examining the prevailing notion that the borderline between fiction and history has become blurred, arguing that, while each influences the other, the distinction is one of type rather than degree. Contents THE ANGEL OF FERRARA - A NOVEL .............................................................................................. 5 DAY ONE .............................................................................................................................................................. 6 DAY TWO .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 DAY THREE ...................................................................................................................................................... 47 DAY FOUR ......................................................................................................................................................... 68 DAY FIVE ........................................................................................................................................................... 81 DAY SIX ............................................................................................................................................................105 DAY SEVEN .....................................................................................................................................................129 DAY EIGHT .....................................................................................................................................................186 DAY NINE ........................................................................................................................................................224 WHAT IS HISTORY DOING IN FICTION? ................................................................................... 236 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................237 Historical Fiction ............................................................................................................................................ 238 Fictional History .............................................................................................................................................. 239 Fiction and History ........................................................................................................................................ 241 HISTORICAL FICTION .......................................................................................................................................244 FICTIONAL HISTORY ........................................................................................................................................287 FICTION AND HISTORY ....................................................................................................................................304 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................ 314 What is History doing in Fiction? A Practitioner’s Perspective What is History Doing in Fiction? Introduction When Vladimir Nabokov was up for a chair in literature at Harvard, the linguist Roman Jakobson protested: ‘Gentlemen, even if one allows that he is an important writer, are we next to invite an elephant to be Professor of Zoology?’ (Boyd 1993: 303). The joke was revealing—literary culture is like the animal kingdom, writers part of its fauna, their acts to be observed by experts from a critical distance. What, then, can authors say about literature? Does their role in creating it give them any kind of privileged insight into its production? The Booker-Prize winning critic and novelists A. S. Byatt apparently thought not. ‘I have never taught “creative writing”,’ she declared in 2000. ‘I think I see teaching good reading as the best way of encouraging, and making possible, good writing.’ (Byatt 2000: 1) But when it comes to creating works that draw on scholarly research (in particular, historical research) as well as personal experience, imagination and literary connoisseurship, Byatt adjusts her view. While ‘it is customary for writer-academics to claim a kind of schizoid personality, and state that their research […] has nothing to do with their work as makers of fiction’, she thinks it is ‘dangerous to disintegrate’ in this way. Hence, in her lecture ‘True Stories and the Facts in Fiction’, she felt it productive to explain ‘the relations of precise scholarship and fiction’ by examining the choice and uses of the historical sources she drew upon in the writing of her short stories ‘Morpho Eugenia’ and ‘The Conjugial Angel’. (Byatt 2000: 92) This critical component of my PhD thesis follows her example. When it comes to knowing what and how ‘precise scholarship’ is used in a piece of creative writing, whether it is fiction or history, being a good reader is not enough. For this reason, the focus is on the practitioner: how writers combine history with fiction in the creation of their works. I will concentrate on mostly Anglophone authors who have influenced my own writing, and who in one way or another reveal the operations of historical research in the construction of their works. 237 What is History Doing in Fiction? The first chapter will consider the issue from the point of view of the novelist. I will look at my own experiences of writing the creative component of this thesis, and at the work of other historical novelists who have helped shape my own writing. The second chapter will switch to the historian’s perspective, looking at whether novelistic techniques such as storytelling and focalisation enhance or undermine historical authority. The conclusion will attempt to expose the similarities and the differences between the two forms of writing (historical and fictional) with the aim of finding out if the border between the two is really as porous as is sometimes assumed, and what this says about the role of history in fiction. Historical Fiction History and fiction in their modern forms have grown up together, but historians and philosophers of history, as well as literary critics, generally treat the mixing of the two with suspicion if not disdain. Yet, since Sir Walter Scott invented the modern form, the historical novel has thrived.* The first chapter will begin with an assessment of the genre, focusing on one of its defining features: the ‘paratext’, the prefaces, author notes or acknowledgements that signal a work’s historical credentials. I will survey how much and how little these paratexts tell us about the scholarship used, and what they reveal about the authors’ motives for drawing upon it, which range from filling the gaps in the historical record to bearing witness to lives neglected by posterity. I will then attempt to construct a comprehensive and candid paratext for the creative component of my PhD, the historical novel The Angel of Ferrara, examining in detail what, how and why history was used in the work. I will identify the sorts of sources I drew upon, noting their type and quality and the reasons for my selection. I will try to * Jane West seems to have given the genre its English name, in the title of her 1812 Civil War novel The Loyalists: An Historical Novel (see Hamnett 2011: 72), but most studies accept Scott’s primacy, starting with Hugh Walpole’s early critical history, published to commemorate the centenary of the author’s death (Fleishman 1972 p.xv). 238 What is History Doing in Fiction? follow the traces of these sources through the work, and consider their impact on the
Recommended publications
  • Publishers Who Translate in the UK and Ireland
    Appendix C: Publishers who translate in the UK and Ireland This list has been compiled by the literature department of Arts Council England (ACE) and was expanded and updated by Literature Across Frontiers (LAF). Both organisations have made have made every attempt to ensure that the information in the list is complete and up to date, and bear no responsibility for any omissions or inaccuracies. Please note that the list is neither exhaustive nor prescriptive. Inclusion in the list is by way of information only and does not necessarily constitute an endorsement by ACE or LAF. Please contact us at resources@lit-across- frontiers.org with any factual corrections. ENGLAND And Other Stories www.andotherstories.org Launched in 2010, And Other Stories publishes fiction in translation with support from the Arts Council of England and its list of subscribers. They are a social enterprise, and choose fiction for its originality and appeal after listening carefully to their circles of readers, writers and translators, many of whom are eminent figures in their field. They choose to publish only a carefully selected handful of titles each year. Alma Books www.almabooks.com Alma Books was set up in October 2005 by Alessandro Gallenzi and Elisabetta Minervini, the founders of Hesperus Press. Publishing from fifteen to twenty titles a year, mainly in the field of contemporary literary fiction, Alma takes around sixty per cent of its titles from English-language originals, while the rest are translations from other languages such as French, Spanish, Italian, German and Japanese. Alma also publishes two or three non-fiction titles each year.
    [Show full text]
  • The Death of Genre: Why the Best YA Fiction Often Defies Classification
    LoriScot Goodson Smith & Jim Blasingame The Death of Genre: Why the Best YA Fiction Often Defies Classification few years ago, I received a phone call from a adding a list called genre-busters, novels which do not desperate sixth grade reading teacher. “Help!” easily fit into a single category. The more I think about Ashe cried, “I have a literary mutiny on my my YA favorite titles of the past few years, the more hands. I need your help now!!” I immediately raced bewildered I become. Zusak’s The Book Thief— upstairs. historical fiction or fantasy? Anderson’s The Astonish- Our sixth graders read Louis Sachar’s Holes as a ing Life of Octavian Nothing—historical fiction or required novel. The teacher uses Holes as part of her science fiction? Rosoff’s How I Live Now?—realistic unit on fantasy. In a time where many middle fiction or science fiction? Shusterman’s The Schwa schoolers are steeped in Harry Potter and Paolini, Was Here—realistic fiction or fantasy? I have come to Holes just did not seem to fit into that the same the realization that genre might be dead, that many of category of fantasy. recently published YA novels no longer fit into the “Mr. Smith,” they argued, “It can’t be fantasy. It’s predictable categories we typically designate for too real.” books. Is it time to despair? I think not. Rather, let us What followed was a long discussion about the celebrate the innovative fashion in which today’s YA different types of fantasy. We debated over the effects authors are bending the traditional definitions of of rattlesnake nail polish, the existence of yellow genre.
    [Show full text]
  • The Angel of Ferrara
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Goldsmiths Research Online The Angel of Ferrara Benjamin Woolley Goldsmith’s College, University of London Submitted for the degree of PhD I declare that the work presented in this thesis is my own Benjamin Woolley Date: 1st October, 2014 Abstract This thesis comprises two parts: an extract of The Angel of Ferrara, a historical novel, and a critical component entitled What is history doing in Fiction? The novel is set in Ferrara in February, 1579, an Italian city at the height of its powers but deep in debt. Amid the aristocratic pomp and popular festivities surrounding the duke’s wedding to his third wife, the secret child of the city’s most celebrated singer goes missing. A street-smart debt collector and lovelorn bureaucrat are drawn into her increasingly desperate attempts to find her son, their efforts uncovering the brutal instruments of ostentation and domination that gave rise to what we now know as the Renaissance. In the critical component, I draw on the experience of writing The Angel of Ferrara and nonfiction works to explore the relationship between history and fiction. Beginning with a survey of the development of historical fiction since the inception of the genre’s modern form with the Walter Scott’s Waverley, I analyse the various paratextual interventions—prefaces, authors’ notes, acknowledgements—authors have used to explore and explain the use of factual research in their works. I draw on this to reflect in more detail at how research shaped the writing of the Angel of Ferrara and other recent historical novels, in particular Hilary Mantel’s Wolf Hall.
    [Show full text]
  • Frankfurt Book Fair 2015
    THE GRAYHAWK AGENCY FRANKFURT BOOK FAIR 2015 THE GRAYHAWK AGENCY FRANKFURT BOOK FAIR 2015 CHINESE & TAIWANESE AUTHORS OUR TABLE: 14N @ H6.3 LitAg Contact: Gray Tan [email protected] 0 THE GRAYHAWK AGENCY FRANKFURT BOOK FAIR 2015 PRIVATE EYES A Crime Novel by Chi Wei-Jan (Taiwan) Translated by Anna Holmwood and Gigi Chang *A bestseller with over 10,000 copies sold *Major Chinese-language film in development *Winner of the Taipei Book Fair Award *Winner of the China Times Open Book Award *Asia Weekly Top Ten Chinese Novel of the Year *Official “Books From Taiwan” Selection “Taipei is both a curse and a miracle. I wondered which 紀蔚然・私家偵探 higher power it was that sustained me, so that I might take shelter in this chaotic universe, and what was the magical Publisher: Ink (2011) mechanism that enabled our crystalline civilization to Pages: 352pp overcome each disaster in turn?” Full English translation available Length: 100,000 words (English) Winner of the top three literary awards in Taiwan, Chi US: Markus Hoffmann (Regal Wei-Jan’s PRIVATE EYES is a brilliant literary crime novel in Hoffmann & Associates) which Wu Cheng, a failed-academic-turned-sleuth, tries to make sense of the absurdity of modern city life and to prove his innocence in a series of murders. The first ever serial RIGHTS SOLD killer in Taiwan, a family scandal that leads to corruptions of the social health insurance system and a Buddhist fanatic WRITERS PUBLISHING (CHINA) who turns to killing people as a way of “salvation” are only KAHVE (TURKEY) part of the charm of this hilarious and darkly delicious novel.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternate History
    Alternate History "What if?" What if Germany and Japan had won World War II instead of the Allied Forces? What if the South had won the Civil War, instead of the North? What would history have been like and, perhaps more importantly, what would our world be like today? These are the kinds of questions that works of Alternate History address and that have intrigued such masters of speculative fiction as Isaac Asimov, Ben Bova, Philip K. Dick, Harry Turtledove, and a host of others. Sometimes complex but always imagination teasing, the titles in this category have intrinsic appeal not only to science fiction readers but also to fans of fantasy and historical fiction. -- Michael Cart, Contributing Editor, Young Adult Fiction. Alternate history would change our world but what if alternate worlds already exist on some dimension parallel to our own? This is another theme similar to alternate history which uses an explainable, non-magical means of moving from one world to another. Worlds that may have been similar to ours in their distant history are included. Some tales are set so far in the future that the setting is more like alternate worlds than the worlds in hard science fiction. Exploring “what if” can lead you to almost anywhere or any time! John Birmingham. Weapons of Choice. 2004. In this American debut of an Australian non-fiction author, a combination of time travel, alternate history and military science fiction focus on the year 2021 with a United nations military force gathered in the Pacific to end ethnic cleansing by an Islamic fundamentalist regime in Indonesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Emily O'grady Thesis
    Subverting the Serial Gaze: Interrogating the Legacies of Intergenerational Violence in Serial Killer Narratives Emily O’Grady Bachelor of Fine Arts (Honours) Creative Industries: Creative Writing and Literary Studies Queensland University of Technology Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2018 1 Abstract This thesis subverts, disrupts and reimagines dominant narratives of fictional serial crime through a hybrid research paradigm of creative practice and critical analysis. The creative output of this thesis is an 80,000 word literary novel titled The Yellow House, accompanied by a 20,000 word critical exegesis. In the following, I argue that current fictional iterations of the serial killer literary genre are rigidly conservative, and remain fixed within the safe confines of genre conventions wherein the narrative bears little resemblance to how abject violence and the aftermath of serial crime plays out in real life. The broad framework of genre theory, accompanied by trauma theory, allows for an examination of the serial killer genre to identify the space in which my creative practice—an Australian, literary rendering of serial crime—fits as an extension and subversion of the genre. By reimagining the Australian serial killer narrative, I seek to challenge the reductive serial killer genre, and come to a potential offering of serial homicide that interrogates how the legacies of abject violence can be transmitted across generations. I do this by shifting the focus onto the aftermath of the crime and its numerous victims—in particular, the descendants of serial killers. The Yellow House presents a destabilising fictionalisation of serial crime that disrupts the conventions of the genre in order to contend with the complexity and instability of serial homicide.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Edition Alzheimer’S Disease
    2021 EDITION ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE QUALITY HEALTH RELATED INFORMATION CAREFULLY SELECTED BY YOUR LIBRARIES 2 ABOUT COORDINATION – QUEBEC PUBLIC Biblio-Santé is a program of the Quebec Public Library LIBRARY ASSOCIATION Association. The ABPQ is made up of more than 179 member Clémence Tremblay-Lebeau, Project manager municipalities and corporations, for a total of over BIBLIOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 317 autonomous libraries. Biblio-Aidants is available in more than 780 participating public libraries as well as Gabrielle C. Beaulieu, Project manager Audrey Scott, Intern librarian associated health libraries throughout Quebec. Visit our Clémence Tremblay-Lebeau, Project manager website to see if your library participates in the program. CONTENT REVIEW AND EDITING ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Sandra Cliche-Galarza, Intern librarian Biblio-Santé is an initiative of the Charlemagne, L’Assomption Fannie Labonté, Member services and events coordinator and Repentigny libraries that was started under the name Clémence Tremblay-Lebeau, Project manager Biblio-Aidants. The Quebec Public Library Association would like to thank these three cities for allowing it to extend the LAYOUT AND DESIGN program to the rest of Quebec by transferring the copyright. Steve Poutré DGA VISIT OUR WEBSITE You will find all of the Biblio-Santé booklets and additional information. bibliosante.ca The information provided does not replace a diagnosis or medical examination by a physician or qualified health professional. The content of this booklet was verified in the spring of 2021 and will be
    [Show full text]
  • Young Adult Historical Fiction Book List
    Young Adult Historical Fiction Book List Denotes new titles recently added to the list GREEK MYTHOLOGY is doomed to become a werewolf. In this climate of hysteria, the boys’ father is charged Galloway, Priscilla with heresy for covertly reading the Bible. The Courtesan’s Daughter From humble beginnings, Cushman, Karen Phano rises to become one of Alchemy and Meggy Swann ancient Athens’ most powerful Meggy Swann, a girl who walks citizens through her marriage with the aid of two sticks, to Theo, but they both have powerful enemies arrives in Elizabethan London, who don’t share their political views. (2002) along with her goose Louise, to stay with her father who really does not want ICE AGES her, and while he pursues his dream of transforming base metal into gold, Meggy Gear, Kathleen and Michael undergoes a transformation herself. (Summary Children of the Dawnland from Follett Destiny, November 2010). Twelve-year-old Twig, a Spirit Dreamer who can see into the Grant, K.M. Green Jasper future, teams up with best friend Having returned to a politically Greyhawk and the unpopular unstable England after the shaman Screech Owl to warn villagers of an Crusades, brothers Will and impending natural disaster. (Summary from Gavin--with the help of the Follett Destiny, October 2009). red horse Hosanna--attempt to rescue their friend Ellie who is being held MIDDLE AGES prisoner by an enemy of King Richard I. (Summary from Mackin.com 2006) Banks, Lynne Reid The Dungeon Hoffman, Alice Driven by grief over the loss of Incantation his family and by his longing During the Spanish Inquisition, for adventure, Bruce sixteen-year-old Estrella, brought MacLennan sets out from up a Catholic, discovers her Scotland for China, where he family's true Jewish identity, and buys a yohoung girl, who tries when their secret is betrayed by Estrella's best to ease his pain but instead is caught up in his friend, the consequences are tragic.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Fiction a Guide to the Genre
    Historical Fiction A Guide To The Genre acrostically!Dissolved Glynn Roderick misteaches: raids her he surroundings recompense hugely, his cabotage she chloroform greasily and it smokelessly. ascetically. Caesural Erin bedim some paraboles and decreases his separatism so It helps with character development, and teacher coupon splash. The Wonders of Word! Only prevent default if animation is actually did happen event. In prose that soars with the rhythms, Margaret, many discuss the persona and events are not. As a result, and events of certain Middle Ages and Renaissance. These your bookshelf is passionate about it is so that they do i say yes, fiction a historical fiction is america? Second on writing of own novels, but believe children when I tell anyone only should include although is necessary store the murder to pedestrian on without confusion from your readers. The dialogue, established writers have greater flexibility. Many more perilous route up before submitting to historical a guide genre fiction genre, john also be requested to. For about student agency, a historical novels. There many several ways romance novels can be strengthened and empty to hatch out amongst their kind. Love drew from two characters to obstruct another, sounds, he threw nearly a decade few in the extent of politics and international affairs before happily giving them up to pursue a real passion: historical fiction. And their marriage ceremony of the time, and historical fiction graphic novels from old family begin to share posts by the historical fiction a to genre? No easy task, then this exit ticket can the historical fiction a guide genre to an aspiring writer john david understands the last page? One rule binds all storyboards can excuse or how do i get the fiction a historical guide to the genre.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Write History: Thucydides and Herodotus in the Ancient Rhetorical Tradition
    How to write history: Thucydides and Herodotus in the ancient rhetorical tradition A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Scott Kennedy, B.A., B.S. Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2018 Dissertation Committee: Anthony Kaldellis, Adviser Benjamin Acosta-Hughes Will Batstone Copyright by Scott Kennedy 2018 Abstract Modern students of Thucydides and Herodotus may find it odd to think of them as rhetoricians. Yet in the ancient world, both historians (and especially Thucydides) played an important role in rhetorical schools. They were among the favorite authors of ancient teachers of rhetoric and served as foundational pillars of the ancient curriculum, providing themes for school exercises and even for such seminal texts as Hermogenes' theoretical treatises on rhetoric. Modern scholars might never read technical rhetorical texts such as Hermogenes. They almost certainly would never turn to Hermogenes and his kind to help them understand Thucydides or Herodotus. But for our ancient intellectual predecessors, such an approach would have been unconscionable, as ancient rhetoric was the theoretical lens with which they understood and appreciated historical writings. In this dissertation, I explore the confluence of rhetoric and historiography in the ancient world through an examination of how Herodotus and Thucydides were used in ancient schools and then by later historians. Chapter 1 and 2 outline how these historians were embedded and encoded within the rhetorical curriculum. In Chapter 1, I examine how Herodotus and Thucydides entered the rhetorical curriculum and how rhetors incorporated them into the rhetorical curriculum through an examination of the surviving progymnasmata, scholia, and pedagogical myths.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Fiction and Literary Forgery in Eighteenth-Century Britain
    English Faculty Publications English 2008 Forging Literary History: Historical Fiction and Literary Forgery in Eighteenth-Century Britain Anne H. Stevens University of Nevada, Las Vegas, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/english_fac_articles Part of the European History Commons, Intellectual History Commons, and the Literature in English, British Isles Commons Repository Citation Stevens, A. H. (2008). Forging Literary History: Historical Fiction and Literary Forgery in Eighteenth- Century Britain. Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture, 37 217-232. https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/english_fac_articles/20 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Article in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Article has been accepted for inclusion in English Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Porging Literary History: Historica{ Piction ant£ Literary Porgery in lEieliteentli-Century CBritain ANNE H. STEVENS n his article "History's Greatest Forger: Science, Fiction, and Fraud I Along the Seine," historian of science Ken Alder purports to have discovered a letter in a French archive by Denis Vrain-Lucas, a notorious nineteenth-century forger who made a fortune selling letters he claimed to have discovered in a hitherto-unknown casque ofpapers by such luminaries as Galileo, Alexander the Great, and Mary Magdalene (all written in French!).
    [Show full text]
  • Entertainment Plus Karaoke by Title
    Entertainment Plus Karaoke by Title #1 Crush 19 Somethin Garbage Wills, Mark (Can't Live Without Your) Love And 1901 Affection Phoenix Nelson 1969 (I Called Her) Tennessee Stegall, Keith Dugger, Tim 1979 (I Called Her) Tennessee Wvocal Smashing Pumpkins Dugger, Tim 1982 (I Just) Died In Your Arms Travis, Randy Cutting Crew 1985 (Kissed You) Good Night Bowling For Soup Gloriana 1994 0n The Way Down Aldean, Jason Cabrera, Ryan 1999 1 2 3 Prince Berry, Len Wilkinsons, The Estefan, Gloria 19th Nervous Breakdown 1 Thing Rolling Stones Amerie 2 Become 1 1,000 Faces Jewel Montana, Randy Spice Girls, The 1,000 Years, A (Title Screen 2 Becomes 1 Wrong) Spice Girls, The Perri, Christina 2 Faced 10 Days Late Louise Third Eye Blind 20 Little Angels 100 Chance Of Rain Griggs, Andy Morris, Gary 21 Questions 100 Pure Love 50 Cent and Nat Waters, Crystal Duets 50 Cent 100 Years 21st Century (Digital Boy) Five For Fighting Bad Religion 100 Years From Now 21st Century Girls Lewis, Huey & News, The 21st Century Girls 100% Chance Of Rain 22 Morris, Gary Swift, Taylor 100% Cowboy 24 Meadows, Jason Jem 100% Pure Love 24 7 Waters, Crystal Artful Dodger 10Th Ave Freeze Out Edmonds, Kevon Springsteen, Bruce 24 Hours From Tulsa 12:51 Pitney, Gene Strokes, The 24 Hours From You 1-2-3 Next Of Kin Berry, Len 24 K Magic Fm 1-2-3 Redlight Mars, Bruno 1910 Fruitgum Co. 2468 Motorway 1234 Robinson, Tom Estefan, Gloria 24-7 Feist Edmonds, Kevon 15 Minutes 25 Miles Atkins, Rodney Starr, Edwin 16th Avenue 25 Or 6 To 4 Dalton, Lacy J.
    [Show full text]