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Durham E-Theses Durham E-Theses Settlement, Agrarian systems, and eld patterns in central Durham, 1600 - 1850: a study in historical geography Ingleson, J. S. How to cite: Ingleson, J. S. (1972) Settlement, Agrarian systems, and eld patterns in central Durham, 1600 - 1850: a study in historical geography, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10242/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 SETTLEJIEtfT, AGMRIAN SYSTEMS, AND FIELD PATTEHNS IN CENTRAL DURHAM, 1600 - 1850: A STUDY IN HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY. VOLUME TWO. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. CONTENTS List of Figures. Figures. Appendices. Bibliography - a) Primary Sources. b) Secondary Sources. I L .L USTRATION'S A-H figures to which reference is made in the text are set out in chapter order in the folloiring pages, in chronological order irithin chapters. The exception to this is Figure 2.1, which is a fold-out map to be foimd inside the rear cover of Volume One. LIST OF FIGURES Inside rear cover of Volume One - Fig. 2.1. Land use and field boundaries 1838. 1.1 A generalised division of County Durham, showing the area of study. -oOo- 2.2 (i) Helraington Row 1838 (ii) Helmington Row 1862 2.3 The area as shown on the First Edition i" Ordnance Survey Map. 2.4 Altitude and soil zones -oOo- 3.1 Township boundaries 3.2 Land purchases by the Russells 1796-1850 3.3 Estate boundaries circa 1750 3.4 The break-up of the Neville Estate 1630-2 3.5 Patterns of Ownership 1630-1850 -oOo- 4.1 Village forms in 1838 4.2 Brancepeth and Stockley 1797 4.3 Brancepeth and Stockley 1741 -oOo- 5.1 Land use in three farms in Brandon 1797-8-9. 5.2 Elements of Landscape circa 1750 5.3 Brancepeth: Pattern of tenure 1838/1741 5.4 Parts of Brancepeth and Stockley 1838/1741 5.5 Field boundaries in North West Brandon 1838-1741-1701 -oOo- 6.1 Byers Green : Land Ownership 1844 6.2 Byers Green : Pattern of Tenure 1844 6.3 Byers Green ; Land Utilisation 1844 6.4 Byers Green : Village Form 1809. -oOo- 7.1 Elements of Landscape circa 1600 (/) to Q o< >- O !2 _l tU ^ 3 < 7 4f I WOLSINGHAM 1 NtWCAiTLt OPOM TYMt ) ti^niilOSum SHUT i*. iririTiriTiTiTii''V!ViT!TiiTnTffl'rimrnTiTiTiT^T!''Tiiiiirr^^^ rni'^TfrrriiiTrnMiTiTrrnTfrnTrnTn'T i'::'""rf'i t\ ™Mm''''*'!T'i rn MJMgmiMajjjjjjmiJiijjjjiJiijjjjjjjjjjjjjjj.i.i.i.Lo.i. iiUiiiLyjiuJM^^ (BARNARD CASTLO hMb mt iMk W ft tlM>M Mil* O if) if) LU ^ irt t <z I § § ill iff g*8 a 3 1/1 o CD c X is 5 •D - i I I a S c Ifl I I E LU cn i5 o !? < LO GO s 3 I 6) C a: I tn OJ'-O •a in 3 r if) UJ £5 q: 5 "S u> o I 1 o > .c 1 g w 5 ii CD 5|g a a .^1 UJ CM o I O I UJ •D ID < o C UJ !5 o a, oc in R8 CD LU ' t LU LU • si! Ills ^5] -TO —I MP -0 ^5l > iij 00 _] u CO O CO I- 1/1 Q < u z tr< o ffl UJ O < z o a z < o cr z m iff \5 f/. LAND USE ON THREE INSET: BRANDON FARMS 1797-9 Farmstead Locations ^3 permanent grass W wheat C corn UP 880 ^ faUow 0 oats S seeds yards Brownoy CI clover Br.castia 1797 1798 1799 SLEETBURN REDBARNS L0WBARN5 110 -I (V 0> UJ o I/) UJ ^ o o- IT) o UJ I/) I q I I |!i nil, I }i ik' LIST OK APPENDIC33S 4.1 Population by township 1801 - 51. 4.2 Population in Brancepeth, Stockley, and parts of Brandon, to show location of dwellings. 4.3 Cottage Rents in Brancepeth and Stockley 1808 - 25. -oOo- 5.1 Leases 'Standard' clauses of 1854 compared with an actual lease of 1696. 5.2 The growth of a farm. Probate Inventories for Humbersledge, Brandon, 1581 - 1628 - 1675. 5.3 Sleetbum, Red Bams, and Low Bams. Cropping schedules. Appendix 4.1 (i) Population 1801 - 51 1200 POPULATION 1100 1. Stockley 2. Brancepeth 1000 3. Brandon 4. Willington 900 5. Helmington Row 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 |. 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 DATE OF CENSUS. Appendix 4.1 (ii) Population 1801 - 51 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 BRANCEFETH 367 455 539 329 352 370 STOCKLEY 89 62 103 57 53 44 BRANDON 522 435 609 478, 467 529 WILLINGTON 169 185 221 216 258 965. HEIMINGTON 120 154 97 435 1,182 ROW The figures for Helmington Row illustrate clearly the impact of coal meining, and should be seen in association with Figure 2,2, No explanatibn is offered here for the fluctuations between 1811 and 1831. Appendix 4,2 Extracts from the 1851 Census Township) Dwelling Place Number of Number Persons BRANDON 7 Bail Hill 11 8 Haslett House 12 9 New Ivesley 6 10 Old Ivesley 5 11 High Water House 3 (One house iminhabitei 12 Low Water House 6 30 Low Bumigill 3 31 Low Bumigill 4 32 Low Bumigill 2 33 LoAr Buraigill 5 BR4NCEPETH 16 All in Toti Brancepeth 89 26 Colliery 1 Castle 8 2 Castle Gates 2 .3 Rectory 15 4 Offices 9 44 Castle Stables 3 45 - ditto - 2 46 Garden 4 47 - ditto - 2 48 Kennel House 4 49 Farm House 4 STOCKLEY 1 Pagebank 10 2 - ditto - 2 3. Stockley Fell 6 4 Stockley 5 5 — ditto — 8 6 Ox Close 6 7 Goodwell Field 7 End of the Tp. of Stockley 00 •p CM. « CM O t) CO O rH c . (M ni 1 rH G FQ CO (M o (M C CO •H r-i u CO > -P >i C\J c 0) V H B M 9 O O f^ C\J «) e CO -p CQ C a) in ft -p >J 4^ o« EH CO in C\J" CM o CO 0) H^ a o a) in o in o in o in o in in in in CM CM Appendix 4.3 Cottage Rents in Brancepeth and Stockley 1808 - 25 Notes of the graph: 1 From this date onwards, the overseers of the poor began to pay rent for nine tenants formerly under the township of Brancepeth. It was paid in one entry, with no further indication in later years of the number of dwellings involved. 2. Amotmt paid by the overseers fell. 3, Amount paid by the overseers fose. 4. - ditto - 5, No change in the amoxmt paid by the overseers. The deeds to the estate show quite clearly that the Russells purchased several cottages during their consolidation of the estate, so it is surely not unreasonable to expect the number of cottage rents to rise, rather than fall. It might well be that the gradual decline ^ich began in 1817 shows the gradual demise of Stockley village over the four years up to 1820. Appendix 5.1 Leases; A comparison of the contents: of a lease listed by Bell in 1854 with an actual lease of 1699. (i) (Bell 1854 99-100) The usual stipulations in agreements with tenants in this county are - Not to plough or break up any portions of the lands laid down to permanent grass. To manage the arable lands according to the system of husbandry agreed upon To keep and leave in good repair all fences, gates:, drains etc. Not to sell any hay or straw from off the farm without bringing thereon in iieii.thereof five fothers of dung for every ton of hay or straw sold. Not to depasture in the last half year a greater number of stints than in the previous half years. To permit the incoming tenant previous to the expiration of the tenancy to sow with grass seeds the land so^m with the away going crop, and to roll in the same; and also to scale and dress meadow grounds; also to place lime or manure on some convenient part of the premises for his own use. To lead all materials which may be required for the repair or alterations of the farm buildings. To pay, in addition to the rent agreed upon, 5fo on the landlord's outlay in draining any part of the farm. The landlord reserves to himself or his agent the privilege of entering upon the farm at all season• able times, in order to see that it properly managed according to the agreed scheme of husbandry; and there is invariably a penalty specified of a certain additional rent per acre for every acre of the farm managed contrary to the stipulations or agreement.
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