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L ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
HEREFORD HOUSE & KERRIBREE
53,55 HEREFO.RD STREET
February 2000
Prepared for Perumal Murphy Wu
WendyThorp Cultural Resources Management Archaeological Assessment: 53-55 Hereford Street, Glebe
ICONTENTS OF THE REPORT
1.0 PRECIS OF THE REPORT. . ... 1 1.1 . The Site and the Work . . . . 1 1.2 Historical Context ...... 1 1.3 The Archaeological Resource 2 1.4 Cultural Significance . . . . 3 1.5 The Proposal and Its Impact 3 1.6 Management ...... 3
2.0 THE INVESTIGATION ...... 4 2.1 The Study Area and.Subject 4 2.2 Status of the Site ... 4 2.3 Methodology ...... 5 2.4 Objectives and Tasks .... 5 2.5 Authorship, Client and Acknowledgements 5 2.6 Abbreviations Used in the Text .... 6 Figure: The Study Area ...... 6 Views: Hereford House and Kerribree 7
3.0 HISTORICAL ANALYSIS 8 3.1 The Pre-European Environment and Aboriginal Occupation. 9 3.2 . The Clergy and School Lands Corporation & Subdivision 10 Undated Plan of Glebe Lands ...... 11 Plan ofForest Lodge Allotments 1845 3.3 William Bull and Hereford House: 53 Hereford Street 12 Plan ofHereford House in 1888 ...... 13 Plan ofHereford House in 1926 ...... 14 3.4 Joseph Leeds and Kerribree: 55 Hereford Street 15 Plan ofKerribree 1896 3.5 Camden College ...... 16 View ofKerribree and Dormitory 1915 18 3.6 The NSW College of Nursing . . . . . 19
4.0 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE .. 20 4.1 Assessing the Resource 20 4.2 The Site . 21 4.3 The Buildings . 22 4.3.1 Hereford House . . . . . 22 4.3.2 Kerribree . 24 4.3.3 Katie Zepps Library Building 26 4.3.4 Class Rooms . . . . 28 4.4 Archaeological Sites . . . . 29
o Archaeological Assessment: 53-55 Hereford Street, Glebe
4.4.1 Hereford House . 29 4.4.2 Kerribree .... 32 Site Plan 4.5 The Potential Archaeological Resource 33
5.0 CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE . . 34 5.1 Evaluation Criteria ..... 34 5.2 Assessment of Significance . 35 5.2.1 Nature of Significance .... 35 5.2.2 Comparative Significance .. 36 5.3 Statement of Cultural Significance 37
6.0 IMPACT AND MANAGEMENT ...... 38 6.1 The Proposal and Its Impact ... 38 6.2 Management of the Archaeological Resource 39
7.0 DOCUMENTATION 40 8.1 Endnotes .. 40 8.2 Bibliography. .. '.' 43
------~~ Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe
SECTION 1.0
IPRECIS OF THE REPORT
1.1 The Site and the Work
The subject of this report is the land and buildings at 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe. This site is occupied by two late nineteenth century free-standing houses and twentieth century out-buildings 'added to accommodate later, non-residential uses of the site. The objective of the work has been to determine the extent, nature, integrity and significance of any archaeological evidence and to provide recommendations for its future management. The historical narrative is also intended to inform and support the heritage impact assessment made of this place.
1.2 Historical Context
Originally characterised by an environment of tall eucalypt and angophora forest the study area was first alienated for European purposes in 1790 as part of a four hundred acre Church Glebe. It remained relatively untouched until the later 1820s. At that time the entire, estate was put to public auction. The study area was contained in Portion 15 which was purchased by A. K. Mackenzie in May 1828.
Mackenzie resubdivided the land and auctioned it in 1829. The majority of the propertywas purchased by Frederick Unwin. In 1831 he sold a portion which included the study area to John Wood. Wood's son John William bought it from his father in 1834. Woods retained ownership of this property until his death in 1875. His house was close to the study area and the latter may have been part of a garden or orchard. The entire property was subdivided and put to auction as the Glenwood Estate in 1875. William Bull paid 320 pounds for allotments 4 and 5 of the estate being both the present-day 53 and 55 Hereford Street.
Bull used part of his land almost immediately to build Hereford House. It was sold to the Goldsmith family in 1909. Thereafter, until 1981, it was occupied by two other families. In 1981 it was purchased by the NSW College of Nursing.
William Bull sold the vacant allotment adjoining his house to Joseph Leeds in 1888. The house, Kerribree, was built in 1888/89 for Leeds to a design by architect John Kirkpatrick. It was occupied by the family until 1907 and then leased for a few years. It was sold to a consortium intending to use it as an immigrant hostel in 1913. The proposal did not proceed and it was sold in 1914 to Camden College, a theological college established in the later nineteenth century. By the end of 1914 a new building had been constructed behind Kerribree to provide for additional college needs. This is the Katie Zepps building. The buildings and grounds were subject to a constant programme of renovations and repairs until their sale in 1975 to the NSW College of Nursing.
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The College was established in the 1940s and by the 1950s had acquired property in Alien Street Glebe. It was here that most work was conducted until the purchase of Kerribree in 1974. In 1977 an extensive programme of maintenance and restoration was carried out on the house and in 1979 a demountable classroom was added to the site. Hereford House was the subject of an immediate programme of renovation on its purchase in 1981 and it, too, acquired a separate demountable class room in 1985. The grounds of both houses have been relandscaped on several occasions and neither retains the nineteenth century out-buildings.
1.3 The Archaeological Resource
The potential archaeological profile of the study area may be characterised as follows:
• evidence of the pre-settlement landscape in remnant soil profiles and of the burning or stumping to remove it
• remnant evidence in the soil profile of the use of the land as part of garden or orchard from the 1830s
• Hereford House largely retains its original 1870s envelope; there is unlikely to be a sub-floor archaeological resource
• the foundations and part of one wall remain of stables built at the same time as Hereford House. There is no evidence of the additions to it at either end
• some of the brick walls remain of out-buildings added to Hereford House by the 1920s along the Kerribree House boundary and the fence bordering Wigram Lane. The remainder of these sites has been levelled and landscaped for car-parking. Some elements of the earlier buildings may remain but are likely to have been disturbed by the later work
• Kerribree House remains largely within its original envelope of 1888/89. It is unlikely to have a sub-floor archaeological resource
• there is no evidence of the only known out-building to Kerribree and this site has been landscaped. Some evidence may remain but it is likely to be disturbed. There is no evidence of any other out-building
• both Kerribree and Hereford House are likely to have tanks and/or wells close to the back of the buildings
• evidence of earlier landscape components such as paths or gardens is likely to be contained within the site
• there is unlikely to be a substantial accumulation of artefacts within the site.
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1.4 Cultural Significance
The land at 53-55 Hereford Street Glebe has important historical associations for the area but it has been assessed to have a low degree of local cultural significance for research purposes. This assessment has been made because there is unlikely to be a substantial archaeological resource within it capable of addressing or interpreting these historical associations and/or the occupation and use of the site in any way that will substantially add to or amend archival evidence for the place. Issues of technical and aesthetic value and community value are best addressed through the standing buildings and their role in the streetscape.
1.5 The Proposal and Its Impact
The proposed development seeks to demolish the out-buildings except the Katie Zepps building, adapt Kerribree for new purposes and construct town houses and basement car parking on part of the site. Any remnant archaeological material will be destroyed or disturbed by this work.
1.6 Management
This assessment has concluded that it is likely that the workwill disturb archaeological relics but these will have limited capacity to more accurately record on interpret the European associations and development of this site. It is proposed to apply for an Excavation Permit from the Heritage Council of NSWwith provisions for monitoring and recording any significant archaeological material unearthed during the course of redevelopment.
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SECTION 2.0
ITHE INVESTIGATION
2.1 The Study Area and Subject
This report addresses the history of the land and buildings at 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe and the archaeological resource which may be encompassed by this place. In this report it is referred to as "the study area". The site is contained within the block bound by Hereford Street, Walsh Avenue, Wigram Lane and Glebe Point Road. It is located on the north-western side of Hereford Street and has street frontages to that street, Walsh Avenue and Wigram Lane. It occupies Lot 1 of DP 745043 (No. 55) and Lot 1 of DP 77472 (No. 53) which are contained within the Parish of Petersham, County of Cumberland.
The study area is occupied by two later nineteenth century free-standing houses, Hereford House at No. 53 and Kerribree at No. 55. Behind and separate from both buildings are twentieth century additions including the Katie Zepps Library building constructed in 1914.
The houses are surrounded on most sides by similar development with particular exceptions to the immediate north-east, being a five-storey, post-war block of units, and across Walsh Avenue which is occupied by a three-storey block of flats.
This report broadly encompasses the European "heritage" values of the study area with respect to a possible archaeological resource. Heritage values are understood to mean the appreciation and value placed upon the resource by contemporary society in terms of the criteria expressed in the Burra Charter and formalised by the Heritage Office of NSW. Archaeological evidence, "relics", is defined by the Heritage Act of NSWto be physical evidence (structures, features, soils, deposits and portable artefacts) that provide evidence of the development of NSW, of non-Aboriginal origin and are fifty or more years in age. Aboriginal relics are provided protection by the National Parks and Wildlife Act of NSW.
2.2 Status of the Site
Hereford House is listed in the NSW State Heritage Register. It was included as an individual item in the 1989 Leichhardt Heritage Study and is a component of the Hereford Precinct identified by Leichhardt Council's Heritage Precinct Study. It is listed by the National Trust.
Kerribree was listed in the 1989 Leichhardt Heritage Study and is also included in Leichhardt Council's LEP 20. It is a component of the Hereford Precinct. Both properties are contained within the Glebe Conservation Area.
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A heritage impact assessment has been prepared of the proposed redevelopment of part of the site and the adaptive reuse of the principal buildings (Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd, Heritage Assessment- and Statement of Heritage Impact 53 -55 Hereford Street, Glebe. 1999 ). Apart from its role in developing an archaeological profile for the study area the archival evidence presented in this assessment is intended to provide additional information to inform the Conservation Management Plan.
The study area has not been the subject of any prior archaeological investigation or assessment.
2.3 Methodology
This report has been prepared in accordance with the principles required by the Heritage Office of New South Wales presented in "Archaeological Assessment Guidelines" (Department of Urban Affairs and Planning, 1996).
2.4 Objectives and Tasks
The principal objectives of the work have been to determine the development of the built environment and the landscape for each site and, secondly, to identify whether there is an archaeological issue to be addressed prior to and/or during the course of redevelopment. This report determines what may be retained in the ground as an archaeological resource, the significance of that material and the most appropriate means of managing it in the event of it being disturbed by future work. To this end the following tasks have been undertaken:
• primary historical research sufficient to determine the physical development of this site taking into account the research presented in the Heritage Impact Statement;
• site survey (visual inspection only);
• a determination of the probable archaeological resource;
• an evaluation of cultural significance with reference to standard criteria;
• recommendations for management strategies taking into account the impact of proposed works on the potential resource;
• complete documentation of the programme to standards acceptable to Leichhardt Council and the Heritage Office of NSW.
2.5 Authorship, Client and Acknowledgements
This report has been written and researched by Wendy Thorp to meet the requirements of the Heritage Office of NSW and Leichhardt Council. It was commissioned by Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd.
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The author would like to thank Mr Colin Kay of Sydney Water. Mr Chris Betteridge for providing a transcript of his oral history interview and Mr Craig Burton for discussing some aspects of his Glebe research. Mr Matthew Kelly (Godden Mackay Logan Pty Ltd) discussed his work at Tranby.
This assessment draws on both primary and secondary sources. A complete bibliography is attached to this report (Section 7.2).
2.6 Abbreviations Used in the Report
CT Certificate of Title
LTO Land Titles Office of NSW
ML Mitchell Library
SAONSW State Archives Office of NSW LANE ' ••' "'. "', .
/ The study area "
'", HEREFORD" STREET
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"Hereford House" from Hereford Street
~----
"Kerrlbree" from Hereford Street
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Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe
SECTION 3.0
!HISTORICAL CONTEXT
The study area was first alienated for European purposes in 1790 as part of several hundred acres set aside for Glebe lands. Virtually untouched until the later 1820s this estate was then put to auction. The study area was part of a second subdivision made in 1829 and was defined in its present form by another subdivision of 1875. The two houses which occupy the site were built in 1875 (Hereford House, No. 53) and 1889 (Kerribree, No. 55).
In this section evidence derived from archival sources is presented to describe this evolution and occupation of the study area. This analysis provides the basis for assessing what may be retained in the ground as archaeological evidence of that development as well as a context for determining the significance of that resource. This historical narrative is also used to inform the Conservation Management Plan.
The evidence is presented in several sections as follows:
• The Pre-European Environment and Aboriginal Occupation
• The Clergy and School Lands Corporation and Subdivision
• William Bull and Hereford House: 53 Hereford Street
• Joseph Leeds and Kerribree: 55 Hereford Street
• Camden College
• The NSW College of Nursing
Endnotes and a bibliography are presented in Section 7.0 of the report.
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Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe
3.1 The Pre-European Environment and Aboriginal Occupation
Glebe is now much altered from the environment which was home to Aboriginal people of the Guringai tribe for thousands of years and which Europeans first saw soon afterthe settlement was established at Sydney Cove in 1788. Blackwattle Creek and Blackwattle Bay were discovered and named in 1789.
Almost halfof the Aboriginal population was killed by disease within the first few years of white occupation and the survivors, with their traditional life shattered and increasing pressure put on their resources, retreated away from the principal settlement. It is likely that the relatively untouched area of Glebe provided some shelter but there are no known Aboriginal sites on or near the study area (1).
The area is based on a geology of sandstone with Wianamatta shale caps. The shallow sandy soil supported, on the ridge tops, robust forests of tall eucalypts and angophoras. Below was a shrubby under-storey that included acacias and banksias. The study area would have supported an environment of this type. Further down the ridges were black wattles, tea-trees and swamp oaks and these gave way at the marshy and muddy intertidal zone to mangroves. Blackwattle Bay extended in a rivulet to Parramatta Road. Wentworth Park occupies the reclaimed headwaters of this bay (2).
Governor Phillip made the observation that this land was,
"... in general so rocky that it issurprising that such large trees should find sufficient nourishment but the soil between the rocks is good and the summits of the rocks ...with few exceptions are covered with trees most of which are so large that the removing them offthe ground afterthey are cut down is the greatestpartofthe labour" (3).
The land was not suited to farming because of its topography and soils and the first European associated with it, the Reverend Richard Johnson, famously described his land as "four hundred acres not worth four pence" (4). Despite its limited use for agricultural purposes the timber was a valuable raw material and by the 1820s at least a substantial portion of the land in the vicinity of the study area had been cleared and fenced ready for sale.
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3.2 The Clergy and School Lands Corporation and Subdivision
In 1790 Governor Phillip reserved approximately 400 acres of land to the south and west of Blackwattle Creek as a Glebe devoted to supporting the Church. The Reverend Richard Johnson set about clearing it. He had few convicts to do so and considered the land poorly suited to agricultural purposes. In 1794 he exchanged his rights to this land for a separate grant (1). The Glebe land appears to have remained relatively untouched from this time until the 1820s.
In 1826 a Corporation was formed to administer all the lands reserved for clerical and educational use and income. This was the Clergy and School Lands Corporation. The Glebe land came under their authorisation as part of a Crown Grant made to the Corporation (2). The latter, being in a parlous financial situation, made the decision to sell this estate to generate income.
The land was sold as two subdivisions at two separate auctions the second being on 7 May 1828. At that time Mr A. K. Mackenzie purchased thirty-seven acres at fifteen pounds and six shillings per acre being portion 15 of the second subdivision. The study area is contained within it (3). The full extent of his holding is shown on an undated plan of the Glebe lands. During the following year he subdivided his purchase and submitted it for public auction in July 1829. It was reported in the Australian of 22 July 1829 that,
"Mr Bodenham has received instructions to sell, in the course ofthe next few days, thirty eight acres ofthe Glebe land situated between the estates ofGeorge Alien and George Williams, Esqs. The whole is fenced and will be sold in allotments ofabout six acres each of which ground plan and particulars are in preperetion".
Frederick Unwin purchased most of this land, including the study area, for a little over 564 pounds (4). In January 1831 an indenture was made between Unwin and John Wood for the sale of a portion of the property for 168 pounds. It included the study area (5). In 1834 Woods' son, John William, paid his father three hundred pounds and an annuity for life of 208 pounds for the property (6)
Because of a complicated arrangement of deposit and repayments of principal and interest between the original purchaser and the Clergy and School Lands Corporation which had been passed on to each new owner Williams did not come into full title of the property until he paid the agent of the Corporation (which had been dissolved in 1833) a balance of 175 pounds on his land. He was then granted title to a little over four acres. The title was issued on 31 March 1856 (7).
Woods retained ownership of this property until the 1870s. Council rate valuations of the 1860s record that he had a house, grounds, cottage and orchard very close to the study area closer to Glebe Point Road. It is likely that the study area was part of a garden or the orchard being this close to the main residence. The position of his house is shown on a plan of 1845 which shows Hereford Street as "Woods Road". The study area is shown to be vacant of any buildings on this plan.
CRM for Peru mal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 10 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe
Woods made a will in 1874 and appointed Trustees for his estate. He died in February 1875 (8).
The Trustees subdivided the property and it was auctioned as the Glenwood Estate. On 27 November 1875 William Bull paid 320 pounds for lots 4 and 5 of the Glenwood Estate (9). This encompassed both the present-day 53 and 55 Hereford Street.
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lJ"JC,.~. l ..... -- I l"':Y"m , .~ CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 11 • •I • ..# \V '" '\:' r I) S ~ -r.> f!'> ~ ;i '? ~ ~ ~ jL•.•."••~ j~ .. ,;#& \ . h" \\ 'f THE ~ ~ ®"I~ ~lt ~ Jl~!~ ~ o :r© S) -s 1J ©ill?) A 1tJ jL 't) 'Jf ...• I on. :tne . j 1).:," R t: Ai\IA '1: TA R (>'AD ...... O(!i~tl?A~ ON niy t I (H~cl )~e"" t-A,tV t IT.Y BOUND.t\;_RY ctnort by11:: ... ~tubb 8,ou .ilie rI' & a:a.}'"~~*~~~Arril, 18~ A plan ofthe district in 1845 prepared by J Armstrong which shows Wood's estate (near the top) with house and cottage to the right near the Glebe Road (1845) (Source: ML 2M2 811.18231184511) Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe 3.3 William Bull and Hereford House: 53 Hereford Street William Bull was born in 1819 in Liverpool the son of a First Fleeter. In Glebe Bull is said to have worked as a local wheelwright (1). By the time he built and occupied Hereford House he was listed in city directories as a Justice of the Peace or solicitor. Bull appears to have used part of his land (the present No. 53) almost immediately to build a new, two-storey residence he called Hereford House. He is listed in occupation by the mid-1870s in city directories and Council Rate assessments which simply describe his property as "house" (2). By 1889 it was home to six people (3). The earliest survey plan of the property dates from 1888. It shows Hereford House fenced off from the vacant block of 55 Hereford Street. It is fenced from its other neighbour, a very large residence called "Lask" (now demolished). Between the two, from Hereford Street, was a passage running the full depth of Hereford House. The house is shown to have a full width verandah both front and back with a small brick extension at one end of the back verandah. Behind the house, some distance from it on the boundary fence with 55 Hereford Street, was a large brick-built stables. This had a brick WC at one end and galvanised iron shed at the other. No evidence of landscape is recorded on this plan (4). William Bull died in the early years of the new century and the Executors of his estate sold Hereford House to Alice Goldsmith and her husband William in 1909 (5). William Goldsmith was a butcher. The improved capital value of their property was rated in 1919 as 1700 pounds (6). The Goldsmiths sold Hereford House to Alexander Levi in 1924 (7). Mr Levi leased the house to Ernest Arnold (8)..A survey plan of the property in 1926 shows that the out-buildings on the boundary with Kerribree had been extended by this date to the back fence. The galvanised iron shed had been more than doubled in size and abutting it and extending to the lane was another brick building. The water closets had been transferred to a block that occupied almost all of the back fence leaving a small gate between them and the brick shed on the boundary. Some extensions and changes are also shown to have been made to the back of Hereford House. Levi sold Hereford House in 1928 to Louise and Phillip Leonard (9). Sands Directory listings show that Mr Arnold continued to lease the property at least until the early 1930s. In 1951 the Leonards sold Hereford House to the McCormacks (10). It has been claimed that McCormack, a Mayor of Glebe, occupied this house since the 1920s and used the premises as a transport depot in his capacity as a growers' agent. The stables at the rear of the property are claimed to have accommodated draught horses which were used to transport produce from the railway at Darling Harbour to the city markets. While the property may have been used in this way there is no primary evidence to show an association between it and the McCormacks before the 1950s. Similarly the claim that there were two tennis courts at the rear of the property on which the champion Lew Hoad learnt to play may well be true but cannot find support in any primary evidence (11). CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 12 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe The property was still in the ownership of Stephen Patrick McCormack and Sons Pty Ltd when it was sold to the NSW College of Nursing in 1981. ~ ~-.~ f~~ .-.--.-..-,~--, I i I I i I ~i J ~ "i I I~ ~j I I 1' I I i I I ..... ,~ :l' \ " • j •! • ~. ~l / '; ~~' 1 / f w , k/ I ~~ \ I I I I i -1>. - :J! i ; I i . 1i 1 1------=1', "" '1 "• i ; ~,i ... Hereford House in 1888 showing the stables behind. The site ofKerribree is vacant. (Source: Sydney Water PWD FB 150514-15) CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 13 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street. Glebe " Sellls 40Feet to8n Inch. ~..,;::s::::' fff' f' ,.,.;,...,. _,. _hv Of "z',.,'It so Sy","q 1.1_ , 1Ir __ ,.. 1In"""'" AM. "H.~. "r'tr ...... 1, ud ~ IHJo,; lol IMt rJI ..""'.,.,. ... - "'- OIl ''''' " ....,. -.wt. tt) ,••t .n11"'" M.... {luHIi III ,..,..""".t1 etlHb .. .. -J- to t.Io __ .,. _lr ...,.".,.,. (0) ,.., .n ",,- MI _ -n1Ir II1II 11 ,"" ,orJI""" _ lil'''' It...... •r,. molllt#t1II1l, '" "".lI"" to ,. _ .,. --lr ,. ,1II IIwII tAo _ ..... MII. _ ...... ~ ....,_ W. HIt.... '_/011 ,_It.." _I., ,to7{" .. ,.""" ."''' _ III ,.. OollM A<4 1100. .._...... ,..1_..,.,... If s,..w..y tAl, _. ;.,,,~,1.0. tit, a&~~..jj.~~~~~.r-~-'- I'! 0,,,. .,Sur", '8""'7 ~.. S[. .'J ,'I ss: (>7~ r,,~ r c . 1" ;) r. Hereford House in 1926 showing the extended out-buildings (Source: LTO FP 77472) CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Lld Page 14 ::::;:::>'" Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe 3.4 Joseph Leeds and Kerribree: 55 Hereford Street From the time of his purchase of this allotment in 1875 until he sold it in 1888 William Bull appears to have made no use of the land. He sold the allotment in August 1888 to Joseph Leeds for 840 pounds (1). A tender notice appeared in the Sydney Morning Herald of 6 September 1888 for "the erection ofa Villa Residence in Hereford Street Glebe for J. Leeds Esq. " The tenders were to be addressed to the architect John Kirkpatrick. Kirkpatrick was a well known architect responsible for many substantial private and public buildings including the Australia Club and pavilions at the Sydney Cricket Ground. The property appeared in Council's valuation assessments of 1889 as a house, but at that time unoccupied; it was probably still under construction (2). It was occupied by 1890 but had not yet been named. By 1894 "Kerribree Villa" was listed in the rate assessments. A surveyor's report was made of Kerribree in 1896. It stated that within the boundaries of the land was erected a two-storey brick house with a slate roof. The residence was known as "Kerribree". There was a lane twenty feet wide along the northern and western boundaries. The plan accompanying this report shows Kerribree with its long attached service wing behind and a single out-building being a fern house contiguous to the stables at the adjoining Hereford House (3). Anecdotal evidence of the twentieth century suggests that there was a well or more probably a tank behind the house. There is no primary evidence for the appearance of Kerribree during the later years of the nineteenth century. The earliest photograph of the house, a part view of 1915, shows substantial trees or shrubs along the brick wall which extended along part of the boundary on Walsh Street. The front brick-built fence is part of the original design but the majority of the present-day landscaping is of twentieth century origin. Joseph Leeds died in 1897 (4). His family remained in the house until 1907. From then until 1912 it was leased to Phillip Hart (1908), Edward Hennequin (1909-1910) and Charles Penhaligon (1911-1912). In 1912 Leeds' widow Phoebe sold it to Tom Raine, Robert Dixson, Sir Alien Taylor,William Oakley and Herbert Easton for two thousand pounds (5). These men intended to convert the residence for use as an immigrant hostel (6). The proposal did not come to fruition and in 1913 the consortium sold the property to the Fellows of the Congregational Church for 2050 pounds (7). CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 15 /f J, p u '\-1 1 .z:..." !} r;:!J J 'WI-.- • 'Jii: ;;..,;-' z ..,,/ ..L2 :.-( r ...t •1. ~" , z~ ; . ! 25 o o Surveyor's plan accompanyingreport of 1896 on Kerribree, showing the fern house, and also showing the out-buildings of Hereford House (Source: LTO Deposited Deeds Packet 40829) Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe 3.5 Camden College Camden College owed its beginnings to the wealthy entrepreneurThomas Holt. Born in Yorkshire in 1811 he arrived in Australia in the 1840s and made a fortune from sheep and wool. He diversified his interests and by the second half of the nineteenth century was one of the wealthiest men in NSW. He represented Moreton Bay in the first Parliament and became the first Colonial Treasurer in the new ministry. Locally famous for his enormous mansion at Marrickville called The Warren, Holt was made responsible in the 1860s for supervising the newly introduced state primary school system. He had particular interests in the Congregationalists and made an offer to them to fund the formation of a theological college. The first meeting to discuss this offer was held in the Pitt Street Congregational Church in 1863 (1). He offered his house at Newtown, Camden Villa, and its land for a grammar school and theological college on a pound for pound basis and promised to waive four thousand pounds of the purchase price. A year later the funds were available (2). The college began its work in 1864. The first ten years of the collage were marked by increasing financial difficulties and dissension in the manner of its management. By 1876 it was in such decline that it was decided to subdivide the land at Newtown and close the school. Theological students boarded out and attended classes in rented premises in the city (3). The property was sold in 1880. By the early years of the twentieth century the college wished to have a residential community within easy walking distance of the University of Sydney. Glebe was the favoured location and it was decided to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the School by commencing an appeal for purchasing Kerribree. It was stated that, "the inconvenience ofrenting offices in the city for college purposes has long been felt to be great... the noise made study and lecturing difficult. Much time was wasted in passing to and from the university. The rent ofthe rooms was lately increased by 25 percent and a further rise seemed probable. In July last the Council determined to mark the Jubilee of the College...by securing permanent quarters. A house in Hereford Street Glebe was purchased and it is to be enlarged by the addition ofa building containing lecture room, library, students common room andeightbedrooms. When this is completed the College will be residential. Of the 4500 pounds required for the scheme 1850 pounds has been promised and an appeal is now being made to the Congregationalists ofNSW for the balance. The Warden is now living in the house where also classes will be conducted until the new building is completed" (4). In 1915 the accounts for the college stood at a cost of 4050 pounds for the premises with 131 pounds spent on repairs and another 181 pounds spent on alterations (5). It is likely that at this time the fern house adjoining Hereford House was demolished. Almost immediately plans were put into effect to provide for student accommodation and additional facilities. The result of this workwas the construction behind and some distance from Kerribree of a two-storey brick building now known as the Katie Zepps CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 16 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe Library. The foundation stone of the building was laid on 30 July 1914 by the Reverend J. D. Jones (6). It was completed by the end of the year. The Annual Report of the College described it as having a lecture room capable of seating about one hundred people, a library and a students' common room. Upstairs were study-bedrooms for eight students and a wide balcony with space for six beds. "The rooms are lofty and well lighted and the building is fitted with many modem conveniences such as electric light and gas water heater; altogetherit reflects great credit on the Honorary architects Messrs H.C. Kent and C.H. Slatyer" (7). A sketch of the building as it was first constructed appeared in the Annual Report for 1915. It demonstrates the great degree of change which has occurred in the succeeding years with respect to this building. The same report contains a photograph showing the building behind a part view of Kerribree. At this time the best available evidence for the college between these early years of the twentieth century and the 1950s is provided by oral history. By the 1930s - 1940s the front garden of Kerribree was characterised by circular lawns with a perimeter planting of roses. Edging tiles defined the gardens. The front of the house also had a display of hydrangeas and poinsettias. Entrance to the back of the property along the western side of the house was barred by a wooden gate but the eastern side had a tiled path. At the back of the house were small gardens along the edge of the building that had plants such as sweet peas and geraniums. Maidenhair ferns were grown in pots and asparagus fern close to the back door. There was a very substantial aviary housing fine specimens of budgerigars. Occasionally they were stolen. The garage was at the back of the house and a path led to the students' building at the back of the site. It was edged by a rockery. There were hibiscus plants around part of the dormitory block. Beyond, to the back lane, was an overgrown area of pittosporum. Near the dormitory was a cottage garden with plants such as delphiniums and hollyhocks. It.also included several herbs used in the preparation of the college meals. There was a lemon tree and a peach tree. The present site of the demountable building was occupied by a lawn with a clothes line. Many of the plants were purchased as seedlings from Grace Brothers or Anthony Horderns along with other supplies for the college. Small items like extra bread or soft drinks were purchased from a local corner shop. The garden and grounds were added to and changed over the following years; several of the trees such as the jacarandas and pepper tree probably date from the 1950s or later. The 1950s were a period of considerable renewal about the college. In 1957 it was reported that, "In June extensive renovations were begun. These have proved more considerable than had been anticipated and have meant a big tinenciel outlay. The inside CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Lld Page 17 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe renovations to the Lodge are completed as well as repairs to the structure and roof. There has also been some work on the college premises by volunteer labour (8). From this time until its sale in the 1970s the premises were subject to a steady stream of minor renovation programmes. For example, in 1958, the college building was painted and the chapel was redecorated (9). In 1961 it was reported that essential repairs were effected and the exterior painted and the interior of the lodge was being redecorated and new linoleum and carpet laid (10). In 1962 the path from the street to the college was reconcreted and a car port was built at the same time (11). There appear to have been no major programmes of change or adaptation during the final years of the college's occupation of the site. The property was purchased by the NSW College of Nursing in 1974 for $175,000 (12). Part view ofKerribree in 1915 with the newly-built dormitory behind (Source: Camden College Manual and Annual Report 1915) CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 18 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe 3.6 The NSW College of Nursing Initial proposals to found a College of Nursing were made as early as 1927 but formal discussion to this end did not commence until 1938. In 1943 an expert committee was formed to report on the need for reorganisation of the nursing profession. Their recommendations for the establishment of a Government College of Nursing were presented in 1944 . In 1948 a plan was devised for separate and autonomous colleges of nursing to be established in each state all to be linked by a Federal Council. On January 5, 1949, a meeting of NSWnurses called for the immediate implementation of post-graduate levels of teaching. The NSW College of Nursing was formed as a result of this action. It provided post graduate diploma and certificate courses for trained nurses. The first courses commenced in March 1949 (1). The College first purchased property in Glebe in 1955 . It was there at 58 and 36 Alien Street that the college conducted most of its work until the 1970s. The college purchased Kerribree jn 1975. In 1977 an art exhibition was held to raise money for the maintenance and restoration of the house. The Department of Public Works undertook an assessment and devised a maintenance programme for the building early in 1977. It was submitted to the Government for funding (2) and the work was carried out soon after. The Katie Zepps building, renamed thus by the College in honour of the former President and first Executive Director of the College, was adapted to provide for classrooms on the ground floor and a library above. More facilities, however, were required and in 1979 a four unit portable classroom known as the Pavilion was purchased to provide additional classroom space and meeting places. This was placed at the back of Kerribree (3). In June 1981 the College purchased the adjoining Hereford House and immediately renovated it the work being funded by donations, fund raising efforts and a state Heritage Council grant of $75,000 (4). The classroom at the back of Hereford House was placed there in 1985 and the garden was relandscaped at the same time. It is unclear when the earlier residential out-buildings were demolished but it is likely to have been during this period. Kerribree was repainted in 1988 and in 1991 the Katie Zepps building was completely renovated and given over entirely to library use. The college has leased and purchased additional inner city properties at Annandale and Balmain to cater for their needs during this time. CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 19 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe SECTION 4.0 ITHE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE 4.1 Assessing the Resource An assessment of the potential of a site to contain archaeological relics is a non-intrusive process. It relies on the evidence provided by archival sources, visual survey and, if available, geo-technical testing. Where appropriate it may draw from the results of archaeological investigations of comparable sites or those in the near environs. The historical or archival evidence for the evolution of this site has been presented in the preceding section of this report. It is a not a particularly well documented place but there is sufficient to acquire an appreciation of the principal periods of development, their general extent and nature. There is no geo-technical evidence available for this site. Very few excavations or investigations have been made of comparable sites in Glebe. A limited investigation of the back yard of the early nineteenth century residence of Lyndhurst was undertaken in the early 1980s and this principally revealed evidence of relandscaping. More recently excavations have been carried out at the back of Tranby in Glebe Point Road (c. 1870s). The work revealed that all evidence had been stripped from the site to the B-horizon and new soil was introduced to prepare for a new landscape. All evidence of out-buildings had been removed. Although both are residential sites the unique and individual histories of use of each and those of Hereford House and Kerribree make comparisons relatively meaningless except in the general qualities and appearance of the local soil profiles. The work undertaken at University Hall, at the intersection of Parramatta Road and Glebe Point Road, revealed a more complex archaeological profile of structural evidence associated with the former hotel as well as early nineteenth century brick-making activity. As before, though, the very different history of use makes comparisons between the various sites of dubious value. In this case, too, the association of this land with the Archdeaconry Estate, which had a quite different history of use and subdivision to the residential subdivision of the study area, as well as its proximity to Parramatta Road means that comparison between the archaeological evidence of this site and that of the possible resource contained within the study area would be largely invalid except in the general conclusions of original soil profile and, possibly, the initial European impact upon it. CRM for Peru mal Murphy Wu Pty Lid Page 20 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe 4.2 The Site The site is approximately rectangular in shape with the shorter ends being to Hereford Street and Wigram Lane. The two allotments have a combined area of 3285 square metres. There is a fall from the northern corner (Wigram Lane) to the southern corner of approximately six metres. Both sites step down in terraces from the back to the front with the building platforms of both Hereford House and Kerribree being lower than those of the out-buildings. The majority of each allotment is occupied by nineteenth and twentieth century buildings. The remainder comprises paths, gardens, concrete surfaces and some lawn. The landscape has been remodelled on several occasions during the twentieth century. Some remnant nineteenth century elements remain in the front gardens of both houses. Both retain their original front fences, palisade for Hereford House and face-brick for Kerribree. The dividing fence between the two, paling during the twentieth century, has been removed; a hedge provides some division between the two houses. The land at the back of the Hereford House allotment giving access to Wigram Lane has been formed into a car-park. There is access to a car-port behind Kerribree from Walsh Avenue. The front garden of Hereford House looking towards the front garden of Kerribree which is divided from this property by the nineteenth century face-brick wall. The other landscape components are largely a product ofthe twentieth century. CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 21 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe 4.3 The Buildings 4.3.1 Hereford House Hereford House is the first and only building to occupy this site. It was constructed during 1875. It is set back from the street frontage by approximately 7.5 metres. It is a masonry, two-storey residential terrace constructed in the Victorian Filigree style. It has a single storey wing attached at the back which is original to the house. There is a large amount of extant original fabric in the main part of the house including plaster ceilings, cornices and fireplaces but it has been subject to several periods and programmes of renovation. The house has been the subject of an inspection and analysis for the purpose of the Heritage Impact Assessment and Conservation Management Plan. The later nineteenth century date of the building, style of flooring and the changes made to the fabric of the house suggest that there is unlikely to be a sub-floor archaeological resource associated with the occupation of the place. It is likely that the house had a well or tank close to it as a water supply but there is no visible evidence of this type of feature and no archival or other evidence to confirm or locate it. The facade ofHereford House and the nineteenth century fence CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ud Page 22 ------_ ~------Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe Rear facade ofHereford House with the service wing in the foreground. ".. Behind Hereford House; there may be a well or tank in this area CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 23 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe 4.3.2 Kerribree Kerribree. also, is the first buildingto occupy this site and it retains its original envelope with some alterations including a single-storey service wing attached at the back. It was constructed in 1888/89. The house is set back from the street by 7.5 metres. It is a two-storey, masonry residential terrace constructed in the Victorian Italianate Filigree style. There is a substantial portion of extant original fabric in the main house including plaster ceilings, cornices and fireplaces but it has been subject to several periods and programmes of renovation. There is less original fabric in the service wing. The house has been the subject of an inspection and analysis for the purpose of the Heritage Impact Assessment and Conservation Management Plan. The later nineteenth century date of the building, style of flooring and the changes made to the fabric of the house suggest that there is unlikely to be a sub-floor archaeological resource associated with the occupation of the place. Anecdotal evidence suggests that there is a well or tank close to the back of the building. There is no visible evidence of this relic and no other source of evidence to more precisely locate it. Kerribree and its service wing behind from Wa/sh Avenue CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Lid Page 24 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street. Glebe The back section ofKerribree The service wing CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 25 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe 4.3.3 Katie Zepps Library This building is located behind Kerribree and towards the back of the allotment. It is a two-storey face brick structure which is rectangular in plan. It was constructed in 1914 to serve as a student dormitory and to provide additional lecture space and other facilities for the theological college. The building has been the subject of an independent assessment and analysis for the Heritage Impact Assessment and Conservation Management Plan. This found that there is a considerable amount of extant original fabric inside the building but some substantial changes have been made to the facade. Comparison between the 1914 sketch and the current building confirms this analysis. The building does not occupy the site of any known earlier building or use other than as part of the back garden of Kerribree. The date, style of building and use suggest that there is unlikely to be any sub-floor archaeological deposit. The dormitory as it appeared when it was newly constructed (Source: Camden College Manual and Annual Report 1915) CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 26 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe The Katie Zepps building CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 27 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe 4.3.4 Class Rooms The classroom behind Kerribree and the Katie Zepps Building close to the Wigram Lane boundary was added to the site in 1979. The large L-shaped building behind Hereford House was placed there in 1985. ', .... Neither building occupies any known earlier use except as part 0 CRM for Peru mal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 28 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe 4.4 Archaeological Sites 4.4.1 Hereford House There are few visible elements that identify archaeological sites. The principal site is that ofthe stables that once existed behind Hereford House and built on the boundary between it and Kerribree. The brick foundations of this building have been retained and, along with a concrete slab, form the base of an outdoor seating area. The brick wall on the boundary of this building survives to almost full height. The only visible evidence of any of the other out-buildings which are known to have occupied this boundary or the back fence line is a single brick wall along the boundary with Kerribree and partly along the Wigram Lane boundary which was the wall of the brick-building shown to have been added between the 1890s and 1920s. The brick wall of the WC block forms part of the remainder of this boundary line. The ground surface at the back of the allotment in the area of these buildings has been levelled and concreted to form a car-park. As discussed earlier it is likely that Hereford House had either or both a well or tank for its water supply. There is no archival or anecdotal evidence to locate it although a position close to the back of the house and the service wing would be likely. View ofthe stables platfonn and wall that now forms part ofa covered seating area CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 29 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe View ofremnant stables wall View to Wigram Lane boundary and remnant wall ofan out-building added in the later 1890s or early 1900s CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Ply Ltd Page 30 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe Views ofthe car-park, site offanner out-buildings CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 31 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe 4.4.2 Kerribree There is no visible evidence of any sub-surface archaeological site at Kerribree. There is no evidence of the fern house which occupied land on the boundary contiguous to the Hereford House stables. The site has not been reused but it has been landscaped. Anecdotal evidence suggests that Kerribree has a well or tank close to the back of the building. There is no visible evidence of its position. View along the boundary, the area ofthe former fern-house CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 32 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe 4.5 The Archaeological Profile Archival evidence shows that the site has evolved through quite distinct periods of historical association but few which are likely to have made any substantial addition to the site in the form of archaeological evidence. They may be summarised as follows: • a pre-settlement landscape characterised by tall timber which was gradually cleared from the 1790s to later 1820s. Some evidence may be retained in remnant soil profiles of this vegetation and the methods of its removal being burning and stumping. • associated with the Glebe lands but, apart from clearing, no evidence for any use or occupation and, thus, unlikely to leave a substantial trace within the archaeological profile except, perhaps, evidence of erosion or weed growth during its period of vacancy • subdivision and sale during the later 1820s and early 1830s. The study area may have been part of an orchard or garden associated with John Wood's house which was located closer to Glebe Point Road. This may have left some evidence in the soil profile of introduced species • subdivision and sale in the 1870s leading to the construction of Hereford House. The house remains largely in its original envelope. There is unlikely to be a sub-floor archaeological resource. • the foundations and a substantial portion of one wall remain of stables built at the same time as the house. (1875). There is no visible evidence of additions made to either end of this building. • brick-walls remain of a second out-building close to the stables and an 1890s or early-twentieth century toilet block along the back lane. This area has been levelled and relandscaped. Some elements of the earlier buildings may be found here but they are likely to be considerably disturbed. • Kerribree House constructed in 1888/9 remains largely within its original envelope. It is unlikely to have a sub-floor archaeological resource. • there is no evidence of the only known out-building, a fern-house, and this site has been landscaped. Some evidence may remain but it is likely to be disturbed. There is no visible evidence of any other out-building. • both Kerribree and Hereford House are likely to have tanks and/or wells close to the back of the buildings. • evidence of earlier landscape components such as paths or gardens is likely to be contained within the site. • there is unlikely to be substantial accumulations of artefacts. CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Lid Page 33 ------_ .. _----- Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe SECTION 5.0 ICULrURAL SIGNIFICANCE 5.1 Evaluation Criteria "Heritage significance", "cultural significance" and "cultural value" are all terms used to describe an item's value or importance to our own society. This value may be I contained in the fabric of the item, its setting and its relationship to other items, the response that the item stimulates in those who value it now and in the historical records that allow us to understand it in its own context. An assessment of what is significant is not static. Significance may increase as more is learnt about the past and as items become rare, endangered or are found to document and illustrate aspects that have acquired a new recognition of importance. Determining cultural value is at the basis of all planning for places of historic value. A clear determination of significance permits informed decisions for future planning that will ensure that the expressions of significance are retained, enhanced or at least are minimally impacted upon. A clear understanding of the nature and degree of significance will determine the parameters for and flexibility of any future development. An historical analysis provides the context for assessing significance. This analysis is presented in Section 3.0. An assessment of significance is made by applying standard evaluation criteria to the facts of the item's development and associations. These criteria are divided into two categories: • Nature of Significance • Comparative Significance The four basic criteria used in the nature of significance category are those of Evolution and Associations (Historic), Creative and Technical Accomplishment (Aesthetic), Community Esteem (Social) and Research Potential (Scientific). Comparative significance is assessed according to rarity or representative values. Items have value if they meet at least one of the nature of significance criteria and are good examples of either or both of the comparative criteria. CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 34 ------" Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe 5.2 Assessment of Significance An assessment of significance for the components of this place has been presented in the heritage impact assessment and conservation management plan. The conclusions of these assessments are summarised here and, where appropriate, amended or extended on the basis of the more complete historical evidence presented in this report. 5.2.1 Nature of Significance Historic Significance The Heritage Impact Assessment notes the following aspects of historical significance: • that these sites comprise some of the earlier residential developments in this area; • that Hereford House has particular associations with William Bull and Stephen McCormack, both prominent local figures; • that the association of Kerribree with the theological college has limited historical significance. • that the history of use by the College of Nursing has limited historical significance In addition, it may be added that: • the site is one small part of the earliest European association with Glebe and its subsequent history of subdivision and sale into increasingly small allotments is typical of the history of Glebe • that the residential use, style of house and the economic bracket they represent is characteristic for this part of Glebe during the later nineteenth century • that the association of Kerribree with Camden College represents one part of a long history of theological teaching and that this association is best exemplified by the Katie Zepps building. It demonstrates the scale and life of the college. The impact of the work of the college was felt most particularly outside Australia in the work of missionaries sent to, for example, Tonga and Fiji. Creative or Technical Accomplishment The Heritage Impact Assessment and Conservation Management Plan note the following aspects of creative, aesthetic or technical significance: • both houses are good examples of their late Victorian-period architectural styles (Victorian Filigree and Italianate Filigree) • both houses contribute to a Victorian streetscape CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 35 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe • Kerribree is a largely intact example of the prominent architect John Kirkpatrick's work • the Katie Zepps Library was a utilitarian structure with minimal detailing and it has been compromised by the degree of change made to it. This building does not contribute to the streetscape. In addition it may be added that: • the utilitarian nature of the Katie Zepps buildings is likely to be expressive of both the financial constraints and philosophy of the Congregationalists responsible for its construction. Social Significance The Heritage Impact Assessment and Conservation Management Plan note the following aspect of social significance: • that both houses are recognised by the local community as important contributors to the streetscape. In addition it may be added that: • the houses were typical of the community which occupied this part of Glebe during the later years of the nineteenth century and is expressive of their position in society and their aspirations and tastes. Research Significance The site is unlikely to contain a substantial and largely undisturbed archaeological resource. Some evidence may be found of the changes made to the landscape, wells or tanks and disturbed fragments of buildings already known to exist. The evidence which may be exposed by future work is likely to add to existing information in quite minor ways. It is unlikely to have potential for substantive interpretive or investigative values. 5.2.2 Comparative Significance The archaeological evidence which may be contained within the study area is likely to be limited, disturbed and unlikely to make a substantive contribution to extending or amending existing information. The two houses are good examples of their type but creatively and historically are representative rather than rare. The site has representative local significance and the archaeological resource low cultural value. CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 36 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe 5.3 Statement of Significance The study area is part of the four hundred acre Glebe granted in 1790, the first European association with this place. The history of subdivision into smaller residential allotments from the 1820s onwards is typical Qf Glebe. Kerribree and Hereford House are representative of the type of development associated with this part of Glebe during the later years of the nineteenth century. They illustrate the economic status, aspirations and taste of those able to afford this land. Both houses are good examples of their architectural styles, Victorian Filigree and Italianate Filigree, and make important contributions to the streetscape. The local community values them for this reason. Kerribree is a largely intact example of the work of the well known architect John Kirkpatrick. Until the twentieth century both were exclusively used for residential purposes and Hereford House has particular associations with Willliam Bull a prominent local figure. Kerribree has a closer historical association with the Camden Theological College a nineteenth century ministry which moved to Glebe in the early years of the twentieth century and remained there until the 1970s. The best expression of this period of occupation is the former dormitory, the Katie Zepps building. Its scale is indicative of the size of the student establishment engaged in studies and the limited architectural qualities and utilitarian nature of this building are certainly representative of the serious purpose of the place and its financial standing. The building has been compromised by the several programmes of adaptation and renovation which have been undertaken since it was built in 1914. From the 1970s and 1980s these places have been associated with the NSWCollege of Nursing. They are one of several places owned and rented by the College for teaching purposes and, thus, are contributory to the history of this institution although they do not represent any particular milestone or significant development or change associated with it. The archaeological evidence which may be contained within the study area is likely to be limited, disturbed and unlikely to make a substantive contribution to extending or amending existing information or more fully illustrating or explaining the historical associations of the place. Apart from its historical, aesthetic and community values the study area is assessed to have a low degree of local cultural significance as an archaeological or scientific resource. CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 37 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe SECTION 6.0 IIMPACT AND MANAGEMENT 6.1 The Proposal and Its Impact The proposed development seeks to: • resubdivide the land at 53 and 55 Hereford Street into three lots • construct nineteen town houses and units with basement level car parking • retain and refurbish Hereford House • make alterations to Kerribree to provide for two residential dwellings within the existing fabric • demolish the demountable buildings • retain and adapt the Katie Zepps building • preserve the street-front gardens of the two houses • remove of all but five trees in the rear part of the site. The demolition and excavation associated with the redevelopment of the site will disturb or remove all the known or likely areas of archaeological sensitivity. CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 38 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe 6.2 Management of the Archaeological Resource This analysis has identified that the proposed development is likely to disturb or destroy archaeological evidence on this site. This evidence has been assessed to have minimal value as a scientific or interpretive resource. The provisions of the Heritage Act of NSW require management by those who will be responsible for the destruction or disturbance of archaeological relics irrespective of their significance. !n this case that management should be limited to monitoring the excavation of the site during its redevelopment and identify and record, if necessary, substantial archaeological relics or evidence which may be used to more adequately describe the out-buildings and landscape. To do this it will be necessary to apply for an Excavation Permit from the Heritage Council of NSW. Application for a permit requires: • the owners/managers of the site to provide two copies of the application form signed by the owners, managers and archaeologist (both originals) • a copy of the development plan showing the extent of excavation • a copy of this assessment • a separate document stating in more detail how the site will be recorded or managed for archaeological purpose and the objectives of that work with respect to the information which will be recorded. This is termed a "research design". • a lodgement fee of $100 (cheque made payable to the Heritage Council of NSW). Approval for a permit, which must be acquired before any excavation commences on site, usually takes up to one month. The permit requires the owners to be responsible for curation of artefacts which may be retrieved from the site (cleaning, cataloguing and boxing). It requires the owners to nominate a repository in which artefacts will be stored (on-site is preferable, if possible). It requires the owners to submit complete documentation of all archaeological work at the conclusion of he project to ensure sign-off on the permit. CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Lid Page 39 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe SECTION 7.0 IDOCUMENTATION 7.1 Endnotes Section 3.1 1. Ann Ross, Tribal and Linguistic Boundaries: A Reassessment ofthe Evidence, 44 2. Doug Benson and Jocelyn Howell, Taken for Granted the Bushland ofSydney and Its Suburbs, 44. 3. Quoted in Ibid., 42. 4. Quoted in Freda MacDonell, The Glebe Porlraits and Places, 2. Section 3.2 1. Freda MacDonell, The Glebe Porlraits and Places, 2. 2. LTO, Primary Application 27472 3. LTO, Abstract of Title, Deposited Deeds Packet 40829. 4. Ibid. 5. Ibid. 6. Ibid. and LTO, Old Systems Book G No. 732. 7. LTO, Abstract of Title, Deposited Deeds Packet 40829. 8. Ibid. 9. Ibid. CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 40 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe Section 3.3 1. The Glebe Society, Historic Glebe. 2. Glebe Municipal Council, Inner Ward Glebe Rate Assessment 1876 3. Ibid., 1889 4. Sydney Vvater, Sheet 21 Glebe Survey of3 October 1888. PWD FB 1505. 5. LTO, Old Systems Book 894 No. 200. 6. Glebe Municipal Council, Valuation Book Municipality ofGlebe for Triennial Period Commencing 1 January 1917-1919. 7. LTO, Old Systems Book 1333 No. 331. 8. LTO, Primary Application 27472 9. LTO, CT Volume 4141 Folio 172. 10. Ibid. 11..The Glebe Society, Historic Glebe. Section 3.4 1. LTO, Old Systems Book 396 No. 610 2. Glebe Municipal Council, Inner Ward Glebe Rate Assessments 1889 3. LTO, Deposited Deeds Packet 40829 4. LTO Old Systems Book 976 No. 561 5. Ibid. 6. LTO, Old Systems Book 1006 No. 868 7. Ibid. CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 41 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe Section 3.5 1. John Garrett and L. W. Farr, Camden College a Centenary History, 4 2. Ibid., 5 3. Ibid. 16 4. Quoted in ibid, 35 5. Manual and Annual Report Camden College 1915, 11 6. John Garrett and L. W. Farr, Camden College a Centenary History, 35 7. Manual and Annual Report Camden College 1915, 11 8. Manual and Annual Report Camden College 1958 9. Ibid. 10. Manual and Annual Report Camden College 1961 11. Manual and Annual Report Camden College 1962 12. LTO, Old Systems Book 3177 No 608). Section 3.6 1. The NSW College of Nursing, History and Background 2. Annual Report NSW College of Nursing 1977,14 3. The NSW College of Nursing, The History of Kerribree 4. The NSW College of Nursing, The History of Hereford House CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 42 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe 7.2Bibliography 7.2.1 Books and Reports Graeme Aplin Sydney Before Macquarie: A Difficult Infant NSW University Press. 1988. Doug Benson and Jocelyn Howell Taken for Granted the Bushland ofSydney and Its Suburbs Kangaroo Press. 1995. Camden College Manual and Annual Reports 1915 - 1962 John Garrett and L. W. Farr Camden College a Centenary History Camden College. 1964. The Glebe Society Historic Glebe. Freda MacDonell The Glebe Portraits and Places Ure Smith. 1975. Max Kelly and Ruth Croker Sydney Takes Shape. Doak Press. 1978. NSW College of Nursing Annual Reports Perumal Murphy Wu Heritage Assessment and Statement of Heritage Impact 53 -55 Hereford Street Glebe. 1999. Bernard and Kate Smith The Architectural Character ofGlebe Sydney University of Sydney Press. 1973. CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 43 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe 7.2.2 Journal and News Articles Ann Ross Tribal and Linguistic Boundaries: A Reassessment ofthe Evidence Sydney Before Macquarie: A Difficult Infant, 42-53 J.F. Campbell "Notes on the Early History ofthe Glebe" Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Societv Volume 15 1929 pp 298 -306 Tender Notice for Kerribree Sydney Morning Herald 6 September 1888 Notice re auction of Glebe lands The Australian 22 July 1829 7.2.3 Land, Property and Council Records Glebe Municipal Council Valuation Books, Municipality of Glebe for Triennial Period Commencing 1 January 1917 and 1 January 1920 Sydney City Archives CRS 665 Glebe Municipal Council Inner Ward Glebe Rate Assessments 1868-1900 Sydney City Council Archives A92/124 Reel 5 Part 20 NSW Land Titles Office Primary Application 27472 Deposited Deeds Packet 40829 Old Systems Book 804 Folio 200 Old Systems Book 894 Folio 201 Old Systems Book 1100 Folio 515 Old Systems Book 1103 Folio 538 Old Systems Book 1333 Folio 330,331 Old Systems Book 3177 Folio 608,609 Old Systems Book 396 Folio 610 Old Systems Book 411 Folio 73 Old Systems Book 576 Folio 824 Old Systems Book 597 Folio 532 Old Systems Book 976 Folio 561 Old Systems Book 1006 Folio 868 Old Systems Book 3214 Folio 88 Old Systems Book 3741 Folio 334 Old Systems Book 3710 Folio 675 CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 44 Archaeological Assessment: 53 - 55 Hereford Street, Glebe Old Systems Book G No 732 CT Volume 4141 Folio 172 '; Sands and Kenney City and, Suburban Directory 1858 - 1932 ( I 7.2.4 Unpublished MSS The NSW College of Nursing History arid Background The NSW College of Nursing The History ofHereford House The NSW College of Nursing The History ofKerribree The NSW College of Nursing Katie Zepps Library Building Oral history: Warwick Betteridge to Chris Betteridge January 1999 7.2.5 Maps and Plans Plan ofthe Glebe Lands at Sydney (ND) SAONSWAO Map 1812 J. Armstrong The Forest Lodge Allotments on the Parramatta Road adjoining the Archdeaconry and near the City Boundary to be sold by auction by Mr Stubbs 10 April 1845 ML M2 811.1823/1845/1 Sydney Water Sheet 21 Glebe Survey of3 October 1888 PWD FB 1505 NSW Department of Lands Metropolitan Detail Series The Glebe Sheet 211889 MLM Ser4811.17/1 Plan ofpart of5 a Or4 p Grant to H. Bradley 1926 LTO, FP 77472 Deed plan ofKerribree DP 745043 CRM for Perumal Murphy Wu Pty Ltd Page 45 " 1155J" -~ ~.JtJOJ~ - .. ' . " ~4h l8~fJhfre ~l;;:;;i/nte. {)/{::k..s jr;,TJorihi -fo :b0" fA ollc fIVV( iXh f/I. ~ (/Vff.L::,.' , '; foolL # ff ''-/1 1/ -"', ,---~~~~~~JK.L/2J~~~th~tJ t fvtflj /f1;1- (Cff'", t:AMA- C-~e " t-- le. tto ~ to~ 1a ~ iOb. PR,{(IJ · e t.1 t '? W~ WNfq -t '1tUrvtA$ ~ ~F~fI ~. t'~1t.. (0'5" 1'1 ~=I- :M1'1 /~~. .:JOlt" 't().~ to . -:Tet tV'V> ~d glOot.lfb ;rr2~ 2- t~_~~d~ NI~ 11100 f~u~1 Iwtiit.. 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