Parte Políticas Atravess Falar/Ide Nota-Se Do Enga Debates Para Alé E Nacion Ponte, Resistên Sendo Coloniai Israel/Es Imagem

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Parte Políticas Atravess Falar/Ide Nota-Se Do Enga Debates Para Alé E Nacion Ponte, Resistên Sendo Coloniai Israel/Es Imagem Parte considerável das lutas políticas contemporâneas está “Desde 1948, os palestinos vivem condenados à humilhação atravessada pelo par “lugar de perpétua. Não podem nem respirar sem permissão. Perderam falar/identidade”. Nesta díade, sua pátria, suas terras, sua água, sua liberdade, tudo. Nem nota-se um esvaziamento trágico do engajamento das esquerdas por sequer têm o direito de eleger seus governantes. Quando debates que tenham um alcance votam em quem não devem votar são castigados. Gaza para além das fronteiras biográfi cas está sendo castigada. Converteu-se em uma ratoeira sem e nacionais. “Palestina” é um livro- ponte, nos conecta à história de saída, desde que o Hamas ganhou limpamente as eleições resistência de um povo que está de 2006.” sendo submetido às políticas coloniais e segregacionistas de Israel/Estados Unidos há 71 anos. A Gaza, por Eduardo Galeano imagem da ponte também nos serve para pensar o tipo de ética política sobre o qual o livro se estrutura. O “Outro”, o povo palestino, torna- se “Eu”. E aqui encontramos outra característica deste livro: é também Sayid Marcos Tenório é historiador um livro-testemunho. Não se trata e especialista em relações inter- de uma empreitada exclusivamente nacionais. É ativista internaciona- intelectual. Ao escrever sobre a lista da causa palestina há mais Palestina, Sayid também se inscreve, de 30 anos, com artigos publica- também se narra. Podemos rastreá- dos sobre temas relacionados à lo pelos artigos escritos, nos eventos Palestina e outras causas de direitos que participou e organizou. Este livro humanos, justiça social, lutas é a síntese provisória de três décadas populares e soberania dos povos. É dedicadas à causa de um povo que fundador e atual secretário-geral do experiencia, na pele e na terra, o Instituto Brasil-Palestina (Ibraspal) colonialismo e o apartheid. Não se e também diretor do Centro trata, portanto, “apenas” de um livro, Brasileiro de Solidariedade aos mas de uma declaração de amor à Povos e Luta pela Paz (Cebrapaz). justiça e à vida. E-mail do autor: Berenice Bento - Departamento de [email protected] Sociologia/UnB Direção Editorial: Sayid Marcos Tenório Revisão Técnica: Berenice Bento e Ahmed Shehada Revisão: Gerusa Bondan Traduções árabe-português: Danya Hubbi Traduções inglês-português: Manoela Gouveia Capa: alis Cantizani Projeto gráco e diagramação: Gráca e Editora Movimento Impressão: Gráca e Editora Movimento Dados Internacionais de Catalogação-na-Publicação (CIP) Tenório, Sayid Marcos T312p Palestina : do mito da terra prometida à terra da resistência / Sayid Marcos Tenório.—1. ed. — São Paulo : Anita Garibaldi , IBRASPAL, 2019. 412 p. ISBN 978-85-7277-202-0 1. Palestina. 2. Resistência palestina. 3. Sionismo. 4. Hamas. 5. Limpeza étnica. I. Título. CDU 956.94 Catalogação na Publicação: Eliane M. S. Jovanovich CRB 9/1250 Editora e Livraria Anita Garibaldi Rua Rego Freitas, 192 - República – Centro CEP: 01220-010 – São Paulo, SP, Brasil www.anitagaribaldi.com.br – [email protected] Instituto Brasil-Palestina (IBRASPAL) Rua Marconi, 23, 5º andar – Centro CEP: 01043-000 – São Paulo, SP, Brasil www.ibraspal.org – [email protected] C Mahmoud Darwish1 Ocuparam minha pátria Expulsaram meu povo Anularam minha identidade E me chamaram de terrorista. Conscaram minha propriedade Arrancaram meu pomar Demoliram minha casa E me chamaram de terrorista. Legislaram leis fascistas Praticaram odiado apartheid Destruíram, dividiram, humilharam E me chamaram de terrorista. Assassinaram minhas alegrias, Sequestraram minhas esperanças, Algemaram meus sonhos, Quando recusei todas as barbáries Eles… mataram um terrorista! 1 Mahmoud Darwich (Al-Birweh, 1942 - Houston, 2008), poeta e escritor palestino. Sua família foi expulsa na Nakba em 1948 e refugiou-se no Líbano. Voltou clandestinamente ao seu país e foi preso diversas vezes entre 1961 e 1967. Darwish é o autor da Declaração de Independência Palestina, escrita em 1988 e lida pelo líder palestino Yasser Arafat quando declarou unilateralmente a criação do Estado Palestino. Membro da Organização para a Libertação da Palestina (OLP), afastou-se do grupo em 1993, por discordar dos Acordos de Oslo. Darwish é considerado o poeta nacional da Palestina. Seu trabalho foi traduzido em mais de 20 línguas. 5 Para os mártires e para todas as pessoas que lutam por justiça na Palestina. Para Maria José, Marcos Antônio, Igor, Bárbara, Alice e Laís. Para o highlander Luiz Aparecido (in memoriam). Ao camarada de lutas e aventuras Elias Ferreira Lima (in memoriam). 7 “Nós sabemos muito bem que nossa liberdade é incompleta sem que haja liberdade para os palestinos.” Nelson Mandela 9 Por quanto tempo podemos continuar pedindo – e, mais ainda, esperando – que nossos irmãos palestinos mantenham a fé em nós, que não sucumbam completamente ao desespero e à mágoa que se tornaram suas vidas desde que Israel erigiu sua Fortaleza sobre seus vilarejos e cidades destruídas? Ilan Pappé – A limpeza étnica da Palestina (2016, p. 291) 11 S Agradecimentos ......................................................................................17 Prefácio ....................................................................................................21 Apresentação ...........................................................................................27 PARTE I - História do projeto colonial sionista ..................................37 1 Palestina antes do sionismo ................................................................39 1.1 Terra de Canaã, Filistina, Palestina ............................................41 1.2 A Palestina e o Islam ...................................................................50 1.3 Surge o movimento sionista .......................................................58 2 Sionismo: projeto colonial europeu ...................................................67 2.1 Balfour: Inglaterra doa o que não lhe pertence ........................69 2.2 O sionismo e a colonização da Palestina ...................................82 2.3 A Revolta Árabe de 1936-1939 ...................................................94 2.4 As relações entre sionistas, fascistas e nazistas .........................99 2.5 A fábula do sionismo de esquerda ...........................................102 3 Da partilha da ONU aos Acordos de Oslo ......................................107 3.1 Limpeza étnica da Palestina ......................................................124 3.2 A OLP e as negociações de paz ................................................136 4 Oslo: armadilha sionista contra palestinos .....................................145 4.1 Acordo sem consenso entre palestinos ....................................149 4.2 Oslo: acordo não cumprido por Israel .....................................152 4.3 Reexos dos Acordos de Oslo na atualidade ..........................161 PARTE II - Entre catástrofes, resistência e solidariedade .................167 5 A Nakba continua. A resistência e a solidariedade também .........169 5.1 Lei do “Estado-Nação”: o apartheid avança ............................171 5.2 A infância como alvo do genocídio sionista ..........................176 5.3 Presos políticos palestinos ........................................................183 5.4 Campos de refugiados: favelas palestinas ...............................188 5.5 Demolições como castigo coletivo ...........................................192 5.6 A dupla segregação dos beduínos ............................................195 5.7 Boicote como uma forma de resistência .................................198 5.8 A Flotilha da Liberdade .............................................................202 13 5.9 Um dia para o mundo lembrar Jerusalém...............................207 5.10 O movimento de solidariedade no Brasil ..............................224 5.11 Fórum Social Mundial Palestina Livre em Porto Alegre .....228 6 O Movimento de Resistência Islâmica .............................................235 6.1 Hamas e o futuro da Palestina .................................................244 6.2 A Grande Marcha do Retorno ..................................................251 PARTE III - Brasil e Palestina ..............................................................261 7 A presença árabe e islâmica no Brasil ..............................................263 7.1 As relação amistosas entre Brasil e Palestina ..........................270 7.2 Brasil-Palestina na era Lula/Dilma ..........................................279 7.3 Diplomacia bolsonarista: o Brasil descendo a ladeira............297 7.4 Bolsonarismo: o Brasil descendo a ladeira ..............................300 Conclusão ..............................................................................................307 Referências .............................................................................................313 Apêndice - Entrevista com Ismail Haniyeh, líder político do Movimento de Resistência Islâmica (HAMAS) .................................329 Anexos ....................................................................................................341 Anexo I - Excertos da Resolução da ONU n 181, de 28 de novembro de 1947 .................................................................................345 Anexo II - Excertos da Resolução n 194 (III), de 11 de dezembro de 1948 .................................................................................357 Anexo III - Resolução n 303 (IV) (1949), de 9 de dezembro de 1949 ..................................................................................................363
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