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Abdominal Cavity Contains Digestive Viscera

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Abdominal Cavity Contains Digestive Viscera Week 1 Introduction to Anatomy Expanded Studies OBJECTIVES • Anatomical Terminology • Planes of section • Body cavities • Abdominopelvic cavities • Organ & organ systems • Rat dissection REMINDER: Anything in the OBJECTIVES list can be on the Practical! Objective 1 Anatomic Terminology The language of ANATOMY Anatomical Position Describe the anatomical position: the body is erect the feet are on the floor toes forward upper appendages are at the sides palms forward face forward Regional Terms Used to designate specific body areas AXIAL DIVISION (Torso) APPENDICULAR DIVISION (Limbs) Frontal Occipital Otic “In FRONT of it ALL” Ox - sip it - alll Oh – tic Cervical (Tic-Toc) Sir - Vickle Orbital Acromial “Eye ORB” A–crow-meal Oral Oral speech Orbit - all A-chrome-eel Scapular Ache-row- Scapula bone me-all Mammary S-cap-yule-la Axillary Mammillary Brachial Skab-pew-la Axel-airy glands Break-ye-all Ma’am Mary Olecranal Antebrachial Olé-crane-all Palmar Ante “head of the elbow” (anterior) Palm of the hand Pollux Manus Poll-lucks MANual Digital Coxal Carpal Dig-it-all Cocks-all Femoral Carpal tunnel “Ox COX box” Femur bone syndrome Fee-more Popliteal Pop-lit-tea-all Car-pool Patellar Patella bone Sural Crural Pa-tell-her Sir-all Peroneal Per-O’Neal That’s a Calcaneal “cruel” word Tarsal Calcaneus bone Fibular to pronounce Tarsal bones Cal-can-heal Fibula bone Tar-sell CALLus-can-heal Fib-you-liar Pedal Call-Cain-ye-all Bike PEDAL Digital Dig-it-all Nasal Mental NASAL sound (Think of the statue Buccal of The Thinker w/ Vertebral “Buckle” hand on chin) VERTEBRAL Thoracic column Thoracic Cavity Sternal Thor-’acid’ Lumbar Sternum bone LUMBAR support Stir-’n-um Antecubital Abdominal ANTErior Abdomen Sacral CUbe SACRed Umbilical Pelvic Umbilical Pelvis cord Gluteal Pubic Inguinal Gluteus maximus Perineal Self-explanatory “PenGUIN” Per-any-all Glue-tea-all Plantar Hallux PLANT the foot down Hal-lucks 1 9 13 15 2 10 16 3 4 17 5 18 6 14 11 19 7 12 8 20 21 Directional Terms Directional terms are used to describe the position of one structure relative to the position of another structure. Directional terms always assume that the body is in the anatomic position. Superior: above Inferior: below Cranial (Cephalic): toward the head Caudal: toward the tail The head is The bladder is superior to the neck. inferior to the stomach. The normal birth position for a A caudal epidural is an injection human baby is cephalic. at the base of the spine. Anterior: front Posterior: behind Ventral: belly side Dorsal: backside A tumor was found on the The posterior surface of the ventral side of the stomach. human leg is its dorsal surface. What is the position of the gluteal region to the inguinal region? Posterior What is the position of the sternum (breast bone) to the spine? Anterior Superficial (External): toward the surface of the body Deep (Internal): away from the surface of the body Superficial (External) Deep (Internal) The skin is superficial (external) to the bones. The brain is deep (internal) to the skull. Medial: toward the midline Lateral: away from the midline Intermediate: between a medial and a lateral structure Medial Lateral Intermediate * Is the ear medial or lateral to the eye? * What is the eye to the nose and ear? Intermediate Proximal: toward the origin of a body part or attachment to the trunk Distal: away from the origin of a body part or its attachment to the trunk Proximal Distal Would the region of the femur (thigh bone) closest to the tibia (shin) be the proximal or distal end of the femur? * See skeleton Another look… (Ventral) Note how some directional terms are applied differently to quadrupeds. (Difference between Superior and Cephalic, for example) Superior = Above Dorsal = Backside Front Behind Anterior Posterior Cranial Caudal (Cephalic) the tail the head Inferior = Below Ventral = Bellyside Biped vs. Quadruped SUPERIOR CEPHALIC C E DORSAL P A P H O V D C N A E O A L S T N R U I T S D C T E R A A A L L E R L R I VENTRAL I O O R R CAUDAL INFERIOR Objective 2 Planes (Sections) An organism or organ can be cut (sectioned) along defined planes. These planes are: • Sagittal (para, mid) • Transverse • Frontal / Coronal Sagittal: divides a structure into right and left portions Midsagittal: produces equal right and left portions Parasagittal: produces unequal right and left portions Head Midsagittal Thorax, female Parasagittal Midsagittal Parasagittal (Median) Midsagittal would show the heart Sagittal = Side Transverse: divides a structure into superior and inferior portions; also called a horizontal, or cross section Brain Thorax Transverse = Top & Bottom Frontal: divides a structure into anterior and posterior portions; also called coronal Brain Thorax Frontal = Front & Back Identify the plane of section of each: Transverse / Frontal (Mid)sagittal Frontal Horizontal / If you do not understand Cross section this one, please see the diagrams of the heart in your Textbook, Ch. 18. Objective 3a Body Cavities A body cavity is a space within the body that contains organs (viscera). Dorsal Ventral Cavity Cavity There are two major body cavities: • Dorsal Cavity • Ventral Cavity Dorsal Cavity: Includes the cranial cavity which houses the brain and the spinal (vertebral) cavity which houses the spinal cord Cranial cavity Cranial contains brain cavity Vertebral cavity Vertebral cavity contains spinal cord Ventral Cavity: includes the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity Thoracic cavity contains heart and lungs Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominopelvic Cavity: is subdivided into the abdominal and pelvic cavities Abdominal cavity contains digestive viscera Pelvic cavity contains bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum Pelvic and Abdominal cavities • The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are separated from one another by the respiratory diaphragm • The abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity are separated from one another by an imaginary line called the pelvic inlet – The boundaries of this Pelvic inlet Pelvic imaginary line are the bones cavity that make up the pelvis The Pelvic Inlet Ventral Cavity Abdominopelvic Cavity Thoracic Cavity Inferior to the diaphragm Superior to the diaphragm Viscera there include the heart, lungs, thymus gland, trachea, esophagus Abdominal Cavity Pelvic Cavity Viscera there include Viscera there include The stomach, liver, The urinary bladder, Gall bladder, spleen, Internal organs of Pancreas, kidney, Reproduction, urethra Ureters, small (in women), and Intestine, and most Some portions of the Of the large intestine Large intestine Objective 3b Abdominopelvic Regions The abdomen is divided into 9 regions by four imaginary lines, two vertical and two horizontal. EPI = upon GASTR = stomach HYPO = below beneath CHONDRO = cartilage LUMBAR = loins (3-D) ILIUM = upper pelvis In which abdominopelvic region(s) does each organ reside? Liver Spleen Gall bladder Left Vermiform Kidney appendix Testis Not inside the ventral cavity Objective 4 ORGANS & ORGAN SYSTEMS Can you identify these body systems? What is their function? Name two organs in each system. See Textbook for answers Can you identify these body systems? What is their function? Name two organs in each system. Can you identify these body systems? What is their function? Name two organs in each system. Can you identify these body systems? What is their function? Name two organs in each system. Objective 5 RAT DISSECTION Many of the external and internal structures of the rat are quite similar in structure and function to those of the human, so a study of the gross anatomy of the rat should help you understand our own physical structure. Yes - The rat will be on the practical, too Some structures you will be identifying: Cavity? Thoracic Cavity? Abdominal Different from human body: Pay attention to: - Thymus gland - Respiratory Diaphragm - Cecum & Large intestine - Serous membrane - Uterine horns - Mesentary Thymus1 ? Gland (Right) Lung Heart Respiratory3 Diaphragm? Liver2 ? Stomach Uterine horn Intestines (pregnant) trachea esophagus1 ? ascending aorta2 ? Superior vena cava heart lung lung 1 ? pancreas2 ? (small) cecum (large) urinary bladder ovary testis Got all that? Time To pracTice…. Sample Questions Identify the anatomical region indicated ? Antecubital Sample Questions Identify the directional term The patellar region is ________________proximal to the tarsal region. Sample Questions Identify the (1) organ, (2) organ system and its (3) plane of section 1. Kidney 2. Urinary 3. Frontal Sample Questions Identify the organ and the specific cavity it resides in Spinal Cord Vertebra l Sample Questions Identify the abdominopelvic region Right Hypochondriac Sample Questions Identify the organs Adrenal 2 gland 1 Kidney .
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