Contact information: Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment of development of the Arctic. Arctic Centre, University of . [email protected] www.arcticinfo.eu

Design and layout: Halldór Jóhannsson and Ólafur Jensson, Arctic Portal, www.arcticportal.org

Cover image: Main road in Iceland. Photo: Halldór Jóhannsson, Arctic Portal Full page images: GettyImages Decorative images: GettyImages, GRID-Arendal www.grida.no, Arctic Portal www.arcticportal.org

Recommended citation: Dahlbäck Björn, Lize-Marié van der Watt, Kamil Jagodziński, Paula Kankaanpää (2014): European Arctic Initiatives Compendium. Preparatory Action, Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment of development of the Arctic. Arctic Centre, University of Lapland.

© European Union, 2014

The content of this report does not reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Responsibility for the information and views expressed in therein lies entirely with the authors. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. European Arctic Initiatives Compendium

Published by the Arctic Centre, University of Lapland

The European Arctic Initiatives Compendium is a deliverable within the Preparatory Action “Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment of development of the Arctic (December 2012 – June 2014). It was commissioned by the European Commission’s Environment Directorate General.

Project leader: Paula Kankaanpää, Arctic Centre, University of Lapland. Project manager: Kamil Jagodziński, Arctic Centre, University of Lapland.

Preparation of the European Arctic Initiatives Compendium Björn Dahlbäck, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat Lize-Marié van der Watt, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat Kamil Jagodziński, Arctic Centre, University of Lapland Paula Kankaanpää, Arctic Centre, University of Lapland

European Arctic Initiatives Compendium Team Roberto Azzolini, European Polar Board, European Science Foundation Nicole Biebow, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Georgina Cronin, Scott Polar Research Institute Heather Lane, Scott Polar Research Institute Anastasia Leonenko, Tromsø Centre for Remote Sensing Irina Zhilina, Arctic Centre, University of Lapland - 3 - - 4 - PARTNERS Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment of development of the Arctic

Alfred Wegener Institute

Scott Polar Research Institute University of Cambridge Sami Education Institute

- 5 - All the partners in the Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment of development of the Arctic contributed information to the team compiling the European Arctic Initiatives Compendium Report.

Arctic Centre, University of Lapland Paula Kankaanpää, Kamil Jagodziński, Timo Koivurova, Adam Stępień, Nicolas Gunslay, Markku Heikkilä, Małgorzata Śmieszek

Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Nicole Biebow

Arctic Centre, University of Groningen Annette Scheepstra, Kim van Dam

Arctic Portal Halldór Jóhannsson, Lísa Z. Valdimarsdóttir, Federica Scarpa

Committee on Polar Research Polish Academy of Sciences Michał Łuszczuk

Ecologic Institute Elizabeth Tedsen, Arne Riedel

Ecorys Hans Bolscher, Marie-Theres von Schickfus, Johan Gille

European Polar Board and European Science Foundation Roberto Azzolini

Finnish Meteorological Institute Jouni Pulliainen, Mikko Strahlendorff

Fram Centre Gunnar Sander, Jo Aarseth

GRID-Arendal, UNEP Peter Prokosch, Lawrence Hislop, Tina Schoolmeester

International Polar Foundation Joseph Cheek, Thierry Touchais, Dave Walsh

National Research Council of Italy Simona Longo, Roberto Azzolini

Pierre and Marie Curie University Jean Claude Gascard, Debra Justus

- 6 - Sámi Education Institute Liisa Holmberg, Outi Paadar

Scott olarP Research Institute, University of Cambridge Heather Lane, Georgina Cronin

Swedish Polar Research Secretariat Björn Dahlbäck, Lize-Marié van der Watt

Tromsø Centre for Remote Sensing, University of Tromsø Pål Julius Skogholt, Anastasia Leonenko

University of the Arctic Thematic Networks: Thule Institute of the University of Oulu Kirsi Latola

- 7 - Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION...... 13

I. METHODOLOGY AND LITERATURE OVERVIEW...... 17

I.1 Methodology...... 17

I.1.1 European Union Initiatives in the Arctic...... 17

I.1.2 European Union Member States’ Arctic Initiatives...... 18

I.2 Literature Review...... 18

I.2.1 Reports and Documents...... 19

I.2.2 Other Digital Lists and Databases...... 20

II. EUROPEAN UNION INITIATIVES IN THE ARCTIC...... 25

II.1 European Union Initiatives in the Framework of Developing a European Arctic Policy...... 25

II.1.1 Arctic Specific International and Intergovernmental Agreements and Regulatory Bodies (Alphabetical)....25

II.1.2 Policies and Initiatives that Influence the Arctic (Selection)...... 25

II.1.3 EU Endeavours in Addressing Arctic Trends...... 29

III. STRUCTURAL INITIATIVES OF EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES...... 113

III.1 Processes: EU and EEA Arctic Countries’ Policies ...... 113

III.2 Institutions: European Union Arctic Countries...... 114

Kingdom of Denmark...... 114

Finland...... 114

Sweden...... 116

III.3 European Union Observers at the Arctic Council...... 117

France...... 117

Germany...... 118

Italian Republic...... 118

The Netherlands...... 118

Poland...... 118

Spain...... 119

United Kingdom...... 119

III.4 Other European Union Countries...... 119

- 8 - IV. OTHER EUROPEAN INITIATIVES...... 123

IV.1 Non-Governmental, Inter-Governmental and Regional Initiatives...... 123

Non-Governmental Initiatives...... 123

Intergovernmental...... 123

Regional...... 123

IV.2 Monitoring and Assessment Initatives...... 124

IV.3 Commercial Development in the European Arctic...... 126 Commercial Development...... 126

IV.4 Other European States...... 127

Norway...... 127

Iceland...... 128

V. CONCLUSION...... 133

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Chapter cover image: Southern Greenland. Photo: GettyImages INTRODUCTION

The European Arctic Initiatives compendium presents manner that is both responsible and beneficial to Arctic flagship initiatives undertaken by the European Union states and local communities.2 in Arctic regions, as well as initiatives undertaken by The Commission subsequently implemented a member states and actors operating within states preparatory action to test the feasibility of an information belonging to the European Union (EU). Furthermore, it platform consisting of a network of leading Arctic centres includes initiatives by European states such as within the EU and EEA/EFTA, together with a strategic and Iceland, as well as territories such as Greenland, assessment of the impact of development in the Arctic. which are highly relevant in the context of the European The European Union Parliament has reiterated its support Arctic, and in many cases strongly linked to the EU, for an Arctic Information Centre in a “Joint Motion for a for example, the European Research Area (ERA). Resolution on the EU strategy for the Arctic”, adopted in The compendium has been compiled as part of the March 2014.3 Preparatory Action for a Strategic Environmental Impact The description of Arctic initiatives undertaken by the Assessment of the Arctic. EU and of relevance to the EU outlines the nodes of The compendium’s aim is three-fold: to assist in an Arctic knowledge-producing initiatives. This can be drawn upon Information Centre feasibility study; to provide a window to identify knowledge strengths as well as ascertaining onto Arctic initiatives that may inform the European opportunities to build capacity to address potential Arctic Impact Assessment (EUAIA) which forms part of information and knowledge gaps. the Preparatory Action; and to inform the European The Compendium aids in the identification of recent and Commission on European Arctic Initiatives. current initiatives on a cross-sectorial basis. As such, the Compendium can be used by a variety of actors within the European Union Arctic Information Centre European Commission, but also by European institutions feasibility study interested in building collaborations. A continuously updated Compendium will be invaluable in minimizing The compendium is the first step in conducting a feasibility the duplication of work, and in identifying gaps and study to gauge the effectiveness and sustainability opportunities for the EC and European institutions to of a network of leading polar research centres and contribute to the sustainable development of the Arctic. universities specialising in Arctic issues. Ultimately, the goal of this feasibility study is to test the workability of a European Union Arctic Information centre. Such a centre could facilitate information exchange between EU institutions, Arctic stakeholders and the general European public. The idea of establishing an EU Arctic Information centre is rooted in the EU’s objective of having a responsible and active presence in the Arctic. The idea of such a centre already appears /is referred to in the European Commission’s 2008 Communication on The European Union and the Arctic Region, the first articulation of a European Union approach to the Arctic.1 Exploring the possibilities for such a centre is one of the proposals for action to contribute to the enhancement of multilateral governance in the Arctic. International cooperation is one of the EU’s main objectives in the Arctic, alongside the promotion of sustainable management and use of natural resources, as well as protecting and preserving the Arctic in collaboration with its population. The Joint Statement on Progress since the 2008 Communication further clarified how a European Union Arctic Information Centre can contribute towards 2. European Commission High Representative of the European Union for For- these objectives, through harnessing information in a eign Affairs and Security Policy. Joint Communication to the European Parlia- way that ensures policy-makers are well-informed and ment and the Council. Developing a European Union Policy towards the Arctic that the development of the Arctic can proceed in a Region: progress since 2008 and next steps. Brussels, 26.6.2012. Available at eeas.europa.eu/arctic_region/docs/join_2012_19.pdf 1. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament 3. European Parliament. Joint Motion for a Resolution on the EU strat- and the Council. The European Union and the Arctic Region. Brus- egy for the Arctic (2013/2595 (RSP)). 10.03.2014. http://www.eu- sels 20.11.2008. Available at eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ. roparl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+MO- do?uri=COM:2008:0763:FIN:EN:PDF TION+P7-RC-2014-0229+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN

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Chapter cover image: Tower in Snow. Photo: GettyImages The sectionsare: the section. aimsof the and data the on depending slightly differs section Initiatives each and underlying comprehensive methodology is The Arctic integrative. that account an European give to in order sections three the into divided been of has Compendium content The OVERVIEW I. METHODOLOGYANDLITERATURE or lobbying initiatives. as those internationally coordinating governance strategies such meetings policy-shaping at present delegates strategies, having or workshops consultative in part co-management taking as such leadership, adaptive This includes and regulation activities. Arctic its shape and inform that EU processes the within as strategic institutions by followed identified be can which policy of self-contained form in the framework of developing a European Union Arctic the initiativesHowever, are compendium. there this of part largest the out makes which projects, take or programmes can Initiatives developing aEuropeanUnionArcticpolicy European UnionInitiativesintheframeworkof THE ARCTIC I.1.1 EUROPEANUNIONINITIATIVESIN I.1 METHODOLOGY an gives as well as overview ofexisting Compendium, compendia and reports that complements thisproduct. the of sections different the underlying methodology the discusses chapter This rns eoae el ih h fcs n h changing the on focus the assessment. with for well baseline resonate as Trends well as used basis a itself as assessment trends the and The EUAIA report is theEuropean methodology (EUAIA). Assessment Impact main product Arctic the Union which of Action broadermuch a of part is Compendium The Preparatory trends European UnionInitiativesaddressingArctic • • • Other European Initiatives European UnionMemberStates’ Arctic Initiatives European UnionInitiatives inthe Arctic • • trends Arctic in addressing Initiatives Union European developing aEuropean UnionArctic policy of framework the in initiatives Union European these changes both in the Arctic and within the EU.Arctic the the within in changes and these both of effects the to responses offer as well as trajectories adverse the ofthese limit to measures possible the drivers as and changes both affecting as context this in seen are policies EU developments. and values future the and situation, turn, current in forces influencing, driving and currentdynamics the to leading causes the understand to possible it made trends of analysis The well. purpose this served ‘trends’ of notion broad a and change Arctic of direction the generalize to necessary been has it EUAIA), the or Compendium the with diverse case to organize the is (as assessment broad a into and developments Arctic Nevertheless, temporal diversity. transformations, spatial changes, and various of bundle developments a fact in is trend as each general simplification, major a extent has pace. great a trends” to and been “Arctic discussing direction that general acknowledge their We future, in expected near and currentlythe past, recent the the in in region occurring changes as understood were Trends and globaltrends inthe2030perspective. ofthe work current the EuropeanStrategyEU SystemPolicyAnalysis the and on into well fits also trends of in terms Thinking “state”). static a than dynamic rather change on focusing (although framework response) (driver-pressure-state-impact- DPSIR the with and Arctic 30.04.2013. Strategic Environmental Impact ofdevelopment Assessment of the Arctic, 2. Adam Stepien et al,“EU Arctic Impact Assessment: Methodology Report” 30.04.2013. Strategic Environmental Impact ofdevelopment Assessment of the Arctic, 1. Adam Stepien et al,“EU Arctic Impact Assessment: MethodologyReport” identified, are: havebeen trends which within themes, identified The is explained ineachcase. trend a specific addressing to initiative the of relevance • • • • • • • Social andCultural Changes inthe European Arctic intheEuropean Arctic Increasing Land Use Pressures in the European Arctic Developing OilandGasResources inArctic Waters Changing Nature ofArctic Fisheries Changes inArctic Maritime Transport Climate Change intheArctic 1

2 - 17 - The

I. I. - 18 - 3. Availableat Initiatives. t avenues main two used We to focus oninitiatives withthe following characteristics: assess the impact of development of the Arctic -we chose a European Arctic Information Centre and to strategically goals of the Preparatory Action – to test the feasibility of differ vastly in scale and type. In the context of the larger to have an overview of these. These initiatives, however, initiatives, Arctic EU policy,Arctic and EU an developing of context in the is crucial it and initiatives Arctic many a undertake States Member Union European Individual ARCTIC INITIATIVES I.1.2 EUROPEANUNIONMEMBERSTATES’ are available online. and consultations stakeholder the for developed were theme each on factsheets The EUAIA. the to Annex an as attached also is sub-section This Action. Preparatory the compendium draws on the internal coherence of the been consultations, stakeholder extensive also the during have pivotal which trends, utilizing by Moreover, involved. projects and programmes of range broad the EU is responding to the complexities of Arctic change, and the illustrateshow also but instruments, and bodies EU A thematic approach does not only cut across a variety of ment-factsheets • • • • • • initiatives. Arctic countries’ their into channels as byasking act to PA them the in partners from input published Soliciting and inventories materials existing Consulting of the framework within development oftheArctic. fall that Initiatives Arctic region at its core. or havethe asArctic, self-identify that Initiatives with different resource allocations. in countries undertaken initiatives or influential for major comparatively allows of mention approach the this Development structured, and are sectors Research for their of, terms how in example, countries European of diversity the Given countries. initiatives respective the major in undertaken describe to seeks compendium taken. The are they context the in level high and on-going currently are long-term, that Initiatives initiatives taken by, for example, lobbying groups. and initiatives business or industrial major include to possible it makes This governments. national by not exclude initiatives which have notdoes beenthis mandated words, other In scale. non-governmental or multi-lateral bilateral, national, on is whether level, a country on place taking are that Initiatives http://www.arcticinfo.eu/en/the-u-arctic-impact-assess 3

identify European Arctic European identify o - well. as compendium the of sections readersother consultto andthe arbitrary, same initiative can take on ultimately different roles, we encourage is categorisation Since is therefore onindustry included. section A short production. knowledge and information of example, sources influential also are not), or For process. indigenous (whether institutions cultural and industries production knowledge the institutions and could, however, exclude infrastructures important systems that listing underlie Only research country. traditional by organised are These ended. initiatives which are intended permanent be open- to or include We mainly of section. this in the majority described initiatives research form institutions institutions, and infrastructures research Action the Preparatory overwhelmingly in are partners the Since formalised Arctic. to the on reference with is capacity focus production knowledge the study, feasibility Centre Within the context of a European Union Arctic Information development. commercial or programmes research the example for – the Arctic. These systems also enable initiative processes in activities that facilitates oractual, virtual initiatives, in the Arctic. Institutions are administrative or organizing infrastructural initiatives that is necessary for operations to initiatives or on focusses Arctic, the in activities for systems mostly underlying establish part second The for orposition, example, andtheseare strategy listed. an Arctic of articulation the sustainable impact is through takecountries initiatives Arctic which ways in may manifest more the of One that Arctic. the in development products deliver to States’ Member of Union European Initiatives is on divided into two parts. The first is descriptive section The these for further consultation. to links providing also sources, digital and reports these This section is intended as an overview of the content of for specifickindsof resources. tosearchused Theredigitalsourcesare be thatcanalso institutes. the research various by as produced materials and such Board Polar bodies European Foundation’s Science pan-European European other by readily made are compilationsbody, Union European a of that commission in or by inventories prepared databases and texts include and accessible reports Recent I.2 LITERATUREREVIEW , namely on-going activities and processes and on-goingactivities namely , procedures ‘nrsrcue’ nal physical entail ‘Infrastructures’ infrastructures. European the information onEUpoliciesthat may impacttheArctic. by initiated Commission, DG Environment contained comprehensive report, The were also developed. EU policy footprint improving future for Options and scenarios. current to relate policies these how including analysed, be also were policies -related Arctic the current environmentof the EU‘s effectiveness The time. over on change could footprint it how evaluated EU‘s and environment the of assessment an undertook study The region. Arctic the to respect with policies environmental EU of effectiveness the improve The EU Arctic Footprint and Policy Assessment EU Arctic Footprint and Policy Assessment pdf Available at 21.12.2010. Contract: EuropeAid/128561/C/SER/Multi. 6. SandraCavilieri et. al.‘TheEU Arctic FootprintandPolicy Assessment’ ment=SV&file=33381 europarl.europa.eu/committees/sv/studiesdownload.html?languageDocu- 5. Koivurovaet. al. EU Competencies Affecting the Arctic. Available at docs/swd_2012_182.pdf ing a European Union Arctic Policy. Available at pate such aposition.’ The inventory of activities in theframeworkofdevelop position of the Commission and of the EEAS on this issue, nordoesit antici official an represent not does It purposes. information for document working noted hereinfull:‘Thisdocument is aEuropeanCommissionandEEASstaff 4. Intheinterestsoftransparencydisclaimer to thisparticular document is Arctic Union European a policy. developing of inthe document framework undertaken working been staff have that joint activities a detailing is recent most The of inventory Union Arctic Policy. a European The developing of framework Document: the in activities Working Staff Joint I.2.1 REPORTSANDDOCUMENTS initiatives. Arctic for opportunities for scanning when report this of takecognisance to thereforeprudent is It take place. initiatives Arctic EU which in framework legal a provide do – they specific Arctic not are competencies these of majority vast the and as such- initiatives Arctic not are competencies legal Whilst Department. Policy Policies’ Parliament’sEuropeanDirectorate- External for General by the commissioned was Arctic, affecting the EU the of morespecific report, regardingA legal the competences EU Competencies Affecting the Arctic the European Commission: accordingactivities three- the to pronged policy of goals • • • Contributing to enhance cooperation useof and resources management sustainable Promoting its population with unison in Arctic the preserving and Protecting 4 t s toog dcmn wih describes which document thorough a is It 5 http://arctic-footprint.eu/sites/default/files/AFPA_Final_Report.

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6 aimedto www. - - were distilled following a survey of on-going research of on-going survey a following distilled were they as here, repeating worth are which issues priority ten identified document The Area. Research European the into regions polar the in research of integration full describing running research initiatives and calling for the Polar 2010 in European strategydocument a released ) bi-polar ( Board Foundation’s Science European The initiatives which were augmented bythe IPY. existing as well as 2007/2008, IPY the during launched initiatives the science detailing report summary hefty eerh Te eot atrs eerh odce at poles. both conducted research captures report The research. special Climate a and EnvironmentPolar on in focussed that report summarised were IPY the projects into 6 fed FP which and 5 FP the of results The 2007/2008. IPY the during role central added a played countries European and regions polar the momentum to increasing public interest in in polar science. science capacity conduct build helped to It these. of many for catalyst a International Polar Year of 2007/2008 can be considered potential mapped of the execution and to that run-up The initiatives. research reports or released regions, in polar were initiatives the research reports public several major documented decade, that last the In FP 5,6and7supported reports pdf able at overview ofresearch infrastructures in the Arctic and Antarctic. 2008.Avail landscape of Europeanpolarresearch. Volume II:Europeanpolarcapacity – an ments/Publications/ESF_polarV1.pdf nition andprocesses.2010. Available at www.esf.org/fileadmin/Public_docu ume I: An assessment of current strategic management, polar programme defi- 9. European PolarConsortium. The landscape of European polar research. Vol- tions/reports-and-reviews/ipy-summary/IPY-JC-Summary-Full.pdf International Council for Science (ICSU). Available at Polar Year 2007-2008. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the 8. IPY JointCommittee. Understanding Earth’s PolarChallenges: International able at projects, EUR22415.Availmate: Results andInformation fromFP5andFP6 7. European Commission. European research on PolarEnvironment and Cli- rather thantheinitiatives themselves. initiatives, funding of types to referred only publication the result, a As incommensurable. largely are systems these countries within because countries individual of terms in categorized been not however, has initiatives, research strategic and funding-lines of types of survey European-wide The vessels. research of upgrading and the maintenance the example for in long-term, being them of listed infrastructures research consortium’s publications are still the operational, with some of Most Antarctic. the and Arctic the in infrastructuresresearch European of overview an gave II Volume and processes and definition programme polar strategicmanagement, current of assessment an contained I Volume research. polar European of landscape the mapping publications 2005 until 2009. The consortium’s products included two a coordination was action funded by the EC’s Framework Programme Consortium 6 from Polar European The ec.europa.eu/research/environment/pdf/Polar_catalogue_final.pdf www.esf.org/fileadmin/Public_documents/Publications/ESF_polarV2. 7 The IPY joint committee also published a published also committee joint IPY The andEuropeanPolarConsortium. The 9

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- 19 - - - - - I. I. uvy sn a epae ht nldd mx f open- of mix a included that template a using survey written a by was project this for information collect to and means primary The region. Arctic the regional within levels local sub-national, national, at implemented arebeing that activities adaptation change climate on element (Component B) of this larger initiative. It focused - 20 - 2013. Availableat 11. Arctic Council “Taking Stock of Adaptation Programs in the Arctic” May gions.pdf org/fileadmin/Public_documents/Publications/European_Research_PolarRe- in theEuropean Arctic Research Area. November2010. Available at www.esf. the PolarRegions:Relevance, strategic context and settingfuturedirections 10. European Science Foundation, EPB strategic paper. European Research in initiatives. cin fr Cagn Aci” “aig Stockof “Taking Arctic”. the Arctic” in a Changing Programs Adaptation “Adaption aninitiative, for Actions adopted Council Arctic The Adaptation Actions foraChanging Arctic • • • • • • • • • • media andinthenewer forms ofsocialmedia. by enhanced be increasing regions, the visibility can of polar research polar people, in traditional young the by especially towards affinity public’s The between Europe andothernations. and complex researchimportantpolar an factorrelationsis the in increasingly become will Arctic the in out research ofcarrying dimension political The these efforts into the future for the of benefit of society. clusters and ideas research groups. A major issue is of the sustainability of explosion an in resulted 2007- Year Polar nations 60 scientists and involving50,000 over2008 International the of legacy The integrated withnatural sciences. the of continuously be to need components interconnectedsystemand critical are in Regions research Polar of and the dimensions social and human investment The significant require involved coordination. and are that continuous assets research The in difference is important magnitude of implementation of orderresearch beyond national sources. an provide funding to supranational European large versus the disparity small of countries. approaches and the programmes between by polar characterised national between is and scope in scale research differences significant polar significant European have fields crucial socioeconomic implications. in science polar programmes European successful of results The crosses many domains. Research in the polar regions is multidisciplinary and regional climate ofEurope. on the impact significant a have regions polar The 10

http://www.amap.no/documents/download/1890 11 represents one attempt to also cover someoftheseinitiatives here. whose primary goal may not be knowledge creation. We initiatives or that are initiatives, run by political-strategic non-governmental organisation major or Arctic, the in initiativesmajor that undertaken being are industries by excludes it research, public of framework broader the major European Arctic Initiatives are only defined within However, if Arctic. the of in development sustainable actors the crucial are broadly, more sector knowledge the and research Academic research. academic often closely to are tied that initiatives on primarily focus to tend above described bases data and documents The SeventhFramework Programme (FP7). the by funded multi-institution programmes as major such projects, as well including as projects projects, individual EU-funded from output research Service (CORDIS) has a searchable database which details The Community Research and Development Information Operators. Research Arctic of Forum the of website the on listed are Countries European by The major Arctic research stations and infrastructures run DATABASES I.2.2 OTHERDIGITALLISTSAND theme. is it nevertheless this on research further for basis substantial a but provides initiatives, adaptation-related Arctic all representative of picture fully a present to not was project the of intent The activities. these torelated factors ofdescriptive number a of elaboration the for allowed has and region Arctic the in occurring are that provided a “snapshot” of a range of adaptation activities for theproject.The analysis of theinformation gathered Permanent Participant project representatives identified supplemented and state Council Arctic with consultations follow-up questions, by choice multiple and ended Arctic-Databases-and-portals 13. 12. http://faro-arctic.org/ developing web services dealing with the Arctic and Arctic the Barents region. with dealing services web developing and maintaining is Lapland, of University the at http://www.arcticcentre.org/InEnglish/SCIENCE-COMMUNICATIONS/ 13 12 The Arctic Centre Arctic The - 21 -

I.

Chapter cover image: A global view over Europe and the Arctic. Photo: GettyImages 3. http://www.arcticobserving.org/ 2. http://www.beac.st/in-English/Barents-Euro-Arctic-Council 1. http://www.arctic-council.org/index.php/en/ Sustained Arctic Network Observing (SAON) promoting and development inNorthernEurope. stability strengthening sustainable and cooperation competitiveness integration, economic as concrete well and as dialogue platform promoting common a providingfor at aims It . and Norway Iceland, countries partner and States Member a EU, its is the involving cooperation Dimension for framework policy Northern The Dimension. the Northern through BEAC the in partner principal a is EU The Barents-Euro ArcticCouncil Response (EPPR)working groups. Environment (PAME); and the Emergency Prevention, Marine Preparedness Ocean & Arctic the Arctic of Protection (AMAP); Review; Programme Assessment and Monitoring Arctic the including Council, the of groups engagesactively severalEU in Proceedings.The working are concerns some Council observe can EU the meantime the In addressed. until affirmatively, decision application final the EU’s deferring the received Council Arctic the 2013 In 2008. in Council Arctic the to status observer permanent for applied EU The observers. and Arctic Council has the category of Permanent Participants States of America. United In addition to the Member States, Iceland, the the (including and Finland, , Federation, Islands), Denmark Russian Norway, Faroe Canada, the and are Greenland States Member Arctic Council Arctic. and the development in protection of sustainable environmental issues particular in communities issues, Arctic Indigenous common on withthe inhabitants Arctic Arctic other and the States, of Arctic involvement the among interaction and provide a means for promoting cooperation, coordination Arctic Council as a high level intergovernmental forum to The Ottawa Declaration of 1996 formally established the Arctic Council (ALPHABETICAL) AGREEMENTS ANDREGULATORYBODIES AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL II.1.1 ARCTICSPECIFICINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPING AEUROPEANARCTICPOLICY II.1 EUROPEANUNIONINITIATIVESINTHEFRAMEWORKOF ARCTIC II. EUROPEANUNIONINITIATIVESINTHE 1 2 3 International Arctic Science Committee (IASC). Committee cultural Science Arctic and International economic the and Council Arctic the by established was social, It issues. environmental, to related particularly needs, societal sharing serve that data systems and observing the pan-Arctic strengthen coordinated a and support to development of processmultinational engagement for sustained a is SAON 7. http://unfccc.int/2860.php 6. http://www.unep.org/ccac/ 5. http://www.eea.europa.eu/ 4. http://www.iasc.info/ climate change intheArctic. address also initiatives roadmap Negotiation EU. the of a legally- forge binding global regime and is conferences a core international strategy the and convention The Climate Change(UNFCCC) United NationsFrameworkConventionon The ConferenceoftheParties(COP)to emissions, includingthoseaffecting the Arctic. should complement UN efforts to initiative reduce global greenhouse gas This 2012. in pollutants climate lived short- to reduce aims that coalition the joined EC The Short-Lived ClimatePollutants Climate andCleanAirCoalitiontoReduce intergovernmental and regional International, INFLUENCE THEARCTIC(SELECTION) II.1.2 POLICIESANDINITIATIVESTHAT no, akd ih rvdn sud independent sound, providing information ontheenvironment. with tasked Union, European the of agency an is EEA The Board. SAON the European Environmental Agency (EEA) is represented on agreements and regulatory bodies regulatory and agreements 7

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II. II. - 26 - 13. http://www.mercuryconvention.org/ 12. http://www.imo.org/MediaCentre/HotTopics/polar/Pages/default.aspx 11. http://www.imo.org/Pages/home.aspx 10. http://iwc.int/home 9. http://www.unece.org/env/eia/eia.html _000000 8.http://www.ospar.org/content/content.asp?menu=01481200000000_000000 from environment the and health human protect to designed treaty international an is and 2013 in signed was Treaty The Mercury. on Convention Minamata up to the leading negotiations the of driver a was EU The Minamata ConventiononMercury Code thesub- which Polar to The reports. Code Polar the designing committee Committee, Safety Maritime the and such as Committee Protection Environment Maritime example the for mandates, committees relevant IMO Arctic of number with a on involved is EU The (IMO) Maritime Organisation International The Arctic non-human and environment. human the on impact an has the regulations Whaling member. a is Union European with The charged conservation body of whales and the management of whaling. isthe intergovernmental (IWC) global Commission Whaling International The International WhalingCommission(IWC) European Arctic. the impacts which convention, the ratify to procedures internal of Federation’s launch Russian the with closely impact environmental collaborated has EU the adverse 2011, Since boundaries. across significant a have likely are to that consideration under projects major all on other each consult and notify to States of obligation general the down lays also It planning. of stage early an at Partiesactivities to certain of of impact environmental the assess the obligations out sets convention The Assessment Espoo ConventiononEnvironmentalImpact Atlantic, North-East the including Arctic waters. of environment Europe, marine of the catchments and coasts together with the European Union, cooperate to protect western the of Governments fifteen which by mechanism the OSPARis (OSPAR Convention) rine EnvironmentoftheNorth-EastAtlantic The ConventionfortheProtectionofma- operating in the inhospitable waters surrounding the two Poles. surrounding waters inhospitable the in operating and rescue ships to relevant matters protection environmental and search training, operational, equipment, construction, design, of range full the covering waters, 12 will regulate safety for ships operating in polar in operating ships for safety regulate will 9

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11 boundary AirPollution(UNECELRTAP) for EuropeConventiononLong-RangeTrans the UnitedNationsEconomicCommission Passage incontext ofUNCLOS andshipping regulations. developments in the Northern Sea Route and North-West whose regulation are sought by these protocols and protocols bythese conventions. sought are regulation whose points, tipping and forces climate lived short on Force under UNECE LRTAP as well as to the Arctic Council’s Task signatory. The EU contributed to Arctic related initiatives from environment the persistenta is organicEU the pollutants(POPs)which to and treaty health aglobal human is protect to (2004) Convention The Stockholm Convention Islands, Faroe Iceland andNorway. Greenland, with agreements bilateral Atlantic Conservation Salmon Organization (NASCO) and North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC); North by the includes of partner a is EU that the Arctic dimension formed organisations countries with international fishing interests in an area. RFMOs with are an RFMOs (RFMO) Regional FisheriesManagementOrganisations its effects intheArctic inparticular. and understandingmercury global of contributedthe to mercury compounds. Several Arctic Council reports have and mercury of releases and emissions anthropogenic gal_aspects_arctic_shipping_summary_en.pdf 20. view_convention.htm 19. 18. http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/DRIPS_en.pdf 17. http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap 16. http://www.unido.org/index.php?id=5279 15. http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/international/rfmo/ ments?download=1898:minamata-convention-on-mercury-october-2013 arctic-council.org/index.php/en/document-archive/category/407-state- mata ConventiononMercury”9-11 October2013. Available at http://www. 14. Arctic Council,“Statement to theDiplomatic Conference ontheMina- e.g. “Legal on (2010). Shipping” sponsored Arctic of Aspects EU also The Arctic. the of terms in including UNCLOS to compliant fully is EU The United NationsLawoftheSea(UNCLOS) with indigenous peoplesintheArctic. Indigenous of Peoples framesthe Rights the on context of Declaration EU engagement Nations United 2007 The Indigenous Peoples United NationsDeclarationontheRightsof http://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/documentation/studies/documents/le http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_over 15 18

16 andtheProtocolof 20 14 The EU is following is EU The 17

19 - - - Assessment ofBlack CarbonandTropospheric Ozone. environmental importance andglobalsignificance. of stakeholders on the characteristics of northern soil, its project included science communication to a broad group The (2010). Polar Year International the to contribution USA and Russia produced the the soil atlas in 2010 as Canada, part of their Greenland, Iceland, Norway, as well as countries, EU northern from partners with JRC, The 25. http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/library/maps/Circumpolar/ 24. http://www.eea.europa.eu/soer cooperation.pdf 23. 22. http://www.unep.org/dewa/Portals/67/pdf/BlackCarbon_report.pdf code=NWS&lang=en#iabcto 21. infrastructures such as: the include These space. from including scales, to different on region, Arctic the of monitoring and research supports significance that infrastructure of to substantially contributes EU The infrastructures supported EU Soil Atlas oftheNorthernCircumpolar Region. of Arctic issues,includingclimate change intheArctic. European Environment Agency and addressed a number the by authored was report The 2010. in published was Report Outlook and State Environment European The European Environment-StateandOutlook change. to climate relation in particularly Ocean, Arctic the with Ocean Atlantic the of interplay the study also will work observation three partners. The ocean the effortsthe of connect and resources its of management sustainable the promote and Ocean Atlantic the understand better to is goal The Research. Atlantic Ocean forceson join to agreed partners The 2013. in Canada and States United was signed by representatives of the European Union, the Cooperation’ Ocean Atlantic on Statement‘Galway The Galway Statement onAtlantic OceanCooperation security’. food and health human improving and change climate in was2012, entitled ‘Simultaneously mitigating near-term published article, The resultant implications. Arctic other partners conducted research on black carbon, with several and (WMO) Organization Meteorological World (UNEP), Programme Environment Nations United the with cooperation in (JRC) Centre Research Joint EC The agreements related Black carbonresearch research and Research Arctic http://ec.europa.eu/research/iscp/pdf/galway_statement_atlantic_ocean_ http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/jrc/index.cfm?id=1410&obj_id=14370&dt_ 21 It was rooted in the 2011 UNEP led Integrated 25

23 24

22 Group on Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) water management, agriculture andfood security, etc. management, forest planning, spatial as such domains of variety a in applications supports It cycle. water the variablesrelated, for instance, tovegetation the state or service on providesgeographical monitoring and cover land information on businesses land Copernicus makers, The decision citizens. and to change climate and a of Copernicus provides reliable Observation. and establishmentup-to-date Earth information the on for planetary the capacity is (Global European for Security), GMES Programme and European as Environment for known Monitoring previously Copernicus, Copernicus directive falls undertheJoint Research The Commission. Arctic. the including boundaries, across in policy-making assist will Infrastructure Data Spatial informationspatial A Europeanto across Europe. access public facilitate better and among organisations sector information public spatial the environmental enable of will sharing This infrastructure. data spatial (EU) Union European a create to aims directive INSPIRE The (INSPIRE) Directive Infrastructure InformationinEurope for Spatial 29. http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/satnav/galileo/index_en.htm 28. http://www.earthobservations.org/geoss.shtml 27. http://www.copernicus.eu/ 26. http://inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index.cfm navigation intheArctic Ocean. systems. It has Arctic implication in terms of, for navigationexample, satellite ground global other two the GLONASS, associated and GPS the with inter-operable be and will Galileo satellitesinfrastructure. 30 of will system consist deployed fully The control. civilian under service positioning global guaranteed accurate, highly a navigation satellite providing system, global of-the-art a state- Europe’sinitiative for is programme Galileo The Galileo Arctic Observing System. the includes This sets. data coherent into combined be can instruments different of thousands the from data It seeks to promote common technical standards so that the development of new systems support where gaps currently exist. and planned world the and around existing systems observing together link to aims of systems’ ‘system This initiative. GEOSS the supports EU The 29

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II. II. Eye onEarth Platform environmental includes monitoring data from theArctic Region. SEIS processes. information and existing systems modernizing and simplifying by information system, information environmental and EU-wide enabled, data web- integrated environmentalan create to aims SEIS Europe. across of use and SEIS was established to improve the collection, exchange - 28 - 33. http://ec.europa.eu/research/index.cfm 32. http://www.eyeonearth.org/en-us/Pages/Home.aspx tion-system-1 31. 30. http://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/policy/marine_knowledge_2020/ 7 FP and 6 FP Key this. in role a plays research related Arctic and challenges, societal tackling and industrial leadership science, excellent on emphasis its with this coupling on and inclusive growth and jobs in the EU. It seeks achieve focusses sustainable smart, enhance to innovation and 2014-2020, research and for analyses programme environmental framework the Horizon2020, on research. change climate focussing calls in and seventh funding instrument of research the EU. The Arctic major sixth the was especially important the in programmes, framework important was Arctic with The Areas Policy Framework ProgrammesforResearch and Institutions Instruments, EU It includes Arctic data. science. citizen and the access data public promotes of principles network computing-based cloud new This environment. about data discovering for and community sharing online the Network, Earth on Eye the tolaunch collaborated Corporation Microsoft and Esri and public organisations. TheEuropean Environment Agency (EEA), industry from expertise together bringing public-privatepartnershipa of result the is EarthEye on Shared Environmental Information System (SEIS) monitoring ande-infrastructures European EnvironmentalAgencyinitiativesin This includesdata ontheArctic basin. from data marine different sources withtheaimof: together Marine brings 2020 2020 Knowledge Knowledge Marine initiated, Recently Marine Knowledge2020 Arctic applications Arctic • • mrvn te nesadn o hw h seas the how of behave. understanding the Improving develop new products andservices. find the data and make more effective use of them to researchers and authorities industry,public Helping http://www.eea.europa.eu/about-us/what/shared-environmental-informa- 32 30

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a framework to: in 1999 and renewed in 2006. The policy aims at providing initiatedwas Policy ND The Iceland. and Norway Russia, EU, between policy joint a is Dimension Northern The Northern Dimension ofthis chapter. section thematic the in highlighted are grants 35. http://www.eidhr.eu/ 34. http://eeas.europa.eu/north_dim/index_en.htm pursue traditional livelihoods intheRussian Federation. and to building is capacity sub-Arctic contribution and Arctic Democracy Its largest issues. indigenous for on society working civil organisations to support direct Instrument provides Rights Human European The man Rights European InstrumentforDemocracyandHu Norway andIceland,alsoparticipating are: Russia, EU, namely Partners ND four the to addition In To facilitate ND project implementation, four implementation, the project with following thematic deal issues: to established ND been have Partnerships facilitate To community into NDcooperation. have been established to involve academia and business (NDBC) Council Business ND and (NDI) Institute ND An • • • • • • • • • • • • • sustainable development inNorthernEurope. promote economic integration, competitiveness and intensified and economic cooperation well-being stability, strengthen promote dialogueandconcrete cooperation Belarus participates inpractical cooperation. Canada andtheUnited States asobservers and business centers community research and universities Nordic the other financialinstitutions and (NIB) Environment Finance Corporation (NEFCO) as well as Bank Investment the Nordic (EIB), Bank e.g. Investment European the (EBRD), (IFIs), Institutions European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Financial International of Ministers (NCM) Council Nordic the and (CBSS) States Sea Baltic the of the Council (BEAC), Council Euro-arctic Barents the (AC), Council Arctic the e.g. Councils, Regional EU Members States innational capacity culture (NDPC) transport andlogistics (NDPTL) public healthandsocialwell-being (NDPHS) environment (NDEP) 35 34

- The EC approved the Operational Programme ‘North’ Programme Operational the approved EC The Cross-border programmes section ofthischapter thematic by the under highlighted are funded projects individual Additionally, here. programmes given are programme major of funded. type each the been have of Arctic Summaries European the of regions these programmes, several projects in the northernmost PAY=FI&gv_reg=ALL&gv_PGM=1287&gv_defL=7&LAN=7 40. index_en.cfm 39. index_en.cfm 38. index_en.cfm 37. 36. http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/cooperate/cooperation/index_en.cfm 38 programmes Co- cross-border Territorial -2013: 2007 period the in programmes European three types of covered the which (ETC), objective financed operation ERDF The Development Fund(ERDF) European UnionRegionalPolicy: eiae I te 0422 faeok te “Northern the framework, 2014-2020 the In heritage. accessibility, competitiveness, sustainable development, natural resources and cultural of business the fields in innovation, collaboration transnational through achieved was This potential. environmental and social economic, their develop to Europe of margins northern aimed to help peripheral and remote communities in the Islands, Greenland, Iceland and Norway. The programme the United Kingdom, with the and participation the of the Faeroe Sweden Finland, Ireland, in of regions incorporation some the TerritorialEuropean framework, Objective Co-operation for within regions populated support Programme sparsely northernmost, 2007-2013” community Periphery involved “Northern The Transnational co-operation programmes structures that facilitate cooperation and between the regions. methods developing by region border the cross- in identified challenges common and needs and sustainable ecological way. The Programme an strategy addressed the in resources their of use making by industry and life cultural Sami develop to was aim the sub-Programme, Sápmi the For region. the of cohesion the of objective overall and competitiveness the strengthen to The was Programme service. of level good a market labour vast regionsresult additional in costs in maintaining of terms the while communications, and infrastructure on demands heavy make distances long and climate cold location, geographical The period 2007-2013. the for Norway and Sweden Finland, between and interregional co-operation programmes.co-operation interregional and http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/cooperate/cooperation/transnational/ http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/cooperate/cooperation/interregional/ http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/country/prordn/details_new.cfm?gv_ http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/cooperate/cooperation/crossborder/ 37 ; transnational co-operation programmes co-operation transnational ; 36 39 Through 40

such as Kolarctic, as such programmes co-funds it ERDF the with Together 2007. h Erpa Nihorod n Partnership and (ENP). Policy Neighbourhood Instrument (ENPI) European supports the European Neighbourhood The Instrument European NeighbourhoodandPartnership policies. regional Finland. and local and Sweden Northern in projects funded IVC INTERREG their the of for responsible development ideally are who partners and instruments. among experiences of exchange the on policies built typically the Projects of regional improve to was effectiveness Programme of IVC objective INTERREG overall the The (ERDF). Fund Development co-operation Regional European the territorial through financed and objective Community’s interregional European under is implemented for the It funding Europe. across provides cooperation IVC INTERREG Interregional co-operation programmes “Northern the by Periphery andArctic Programme” succeed is Programme” Periphery 46. http://www.kolarcticenpi.info/en 45. http://eeas.europa.eu/enp/index_en.htm 44. http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/how/finance/enpi_en.htm ROPE_Cooperation_Programme_summary.pdf 43. 42. http://www.interreg4c.eu/programme/ 41. http://www.northernperiphery.eu/en/content/show/&tid=237 region fragile aparticularly is Arctic The inhabitants. ofits the lives and ecosystems the Arctic of affect fundamentals These activities. human from aerosols and has that gases greenhouse changeof emissions to due occurred of already evidence clear is There Earth. on Arctic region climate changing the rapidly most the in is Arctic The Change Climate trends II.1.3. Safety Authority, Maritime EMSA). European the and and (EEA agencies (EEAS) the Service Action the External European between the EC, exchange information continuous and forregular achannel is Group Inter-Service Arctic The Arctic Inter-ServiceGroup(AISG) 2020 asINTERREG EUROPE. chapter. Kolarctic the of this of section thematic incorporatedthe areprojects in Some funding. EU was million €28.4 which of million, €70.48 to amounted has Kolarctic for budget 2007-2013 The participates. Federation Russian the northern regions of Finland, Sweden, Norway and the http://www.interreg4c.eu/fileadmin/User_Upload/PDFs/INTERREG_EU 42 EU endeavoursinaddressingArctic The programme is being continued from 2014- 45 44 It has been operational since 1 January 1January since operational been has It 46 adevelopment programme which in 43 41

- 29 - - II. II. - 30 - http://www.clim-atic.org/ Climate Change —Adapting to TheImpacts, by CommunitiesinNorthern Peripheral Regions Clim-ATIC and habitats hydrology, cryosphere, Arctic the affects change Climate environments. marine and landscapes Arctic in changes significant of evidence clear is There Europe andbeyond. for consequences theArctic increasing have in dynamics ecosystem Changes amplification”. “Arctic called is strong are there ecosystem feedbacks that regions, accelerate changes. This effect other to compared where, Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Clive Bowman Sogn ogFjordane County Governor, Norway University ofLapland,Finland University ofLaplandArctic Centre, Finland Finnish Environment Institute, Finland Thule Institute at University ofOulu,Finland Finnish Forest Research Institute, Rovaniemi Research Unit,Finland Åre municipality, Sweden Umeå University, Sweden The LaplandRegional Environment Centre, Finland Research Institute, Norway Arctic Technology Centre, Greenland Municipality, Sweden Lead partner:UHIMillenniumInstitute, Scotland Northern Periphery Programme 2 348139EUR/1317143 01/2008 -02/2011 management, transport, tourism andenergy. economic impacts of climate change with the focus on such areas as risk and response socio- to adapt to them enabling communities, rural of sustainability the support to knowledge disseminate, to service self-financing sustainable, a EstablishesClim-ATIC service. real adaptations made by communities; international information, and advice training, change climate tools; communication and visualizations air), impact community waste change strategies; climate adaptation assessments; vulnerability water, change climate Community (soil, pollution change, management. climate protection, Environmental Scotland, Finland,Sweden, Norway, Svalbard, Greenland Supporting rural peripheral communities toadapt totheimpactsofclimate change. Change intheArctic. endeavours to better understand and respond to Climate EU’s the illustrates actions of compilation following The in turnimpactsonpeople’s livelihoods. of which transformations, landscape to loss due compositions the to linked are important habitats for species, as well regimes as shifts in species water and cover snow cover, -ice sea temperature, in Changes species. http://cryoland.eu/ Snow andLandIce CryoLand -CopernicusService CryoLand Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Thomas Nagler Swedish Meteorological &Hydrological Institute, Sweden GAMMA Remote Switzerland Sensing, National Meteorological Administration, Romania Norwegian ComputingCenter, Norway Northern Research Institute, Norway Kongsberg Satellite Norway Services, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland Finnish Environment Institute, Finland EOX Austria ITServices, Lead partnerENVEO ITGmbH,Austria Copernicus, 7thFramework Programme 2 829000€/n.k. 02/2011 -02/2015 in snow cover andsea-ice. growthshrinkage,glacier monitoringand of changesand and Observing data services. geospatial of chaining and publication, provision the environmentssupporting service and service infrastructure lines for variousprocessing product Operational types will services. be developed on glacier top of and existing snow web operational up Building forServices academic snow andlandicemonitoring, publications. cross-disciplinary landicemonitoring, Snow monitoring, (Earth observation). Pan-European for monitoring snow andlandice. service sustainable operational an validate and implement Develop, - 31 -

II. II. - 32 - http://www.polarview.org/ Polar View Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Thomas Puestow Lead partner:C-CORE, 30member-organizations European SpaceAgency, theEuropean Commission,theCanadianSpaceAgency European Commission,withparticipation bytheCanadianSpace Agency (CSA). the and (ESA) Agency Space European the by supported is consortium View Polar The 2005 - and responses as well ashydropower applications. research related hydrology and forecasts, flood research,climate in use for as well as change, climate to respond and adapt to needing residents, Northern including users, Polar View serve an importantsnow services source for of largethe decisions group of observation data satellite Earth using cover ice and snow significant with mid-latitudes the of parts and Integrated monitoring andforecasting inthe services Polar Regions Earth Monitoring Services Antarctic, BalticSea,European Arctic, NorthAmerican Arctic sustainable economic development, safety andenvironmental stewardship. Enabling earth monitoring contributes to both business and society in three main areas: http://www.coreclimax.eu/ Coordinating earthobservation data validation for RE-analysis forclimateservices CoreClimax Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Professor Bob Su Chinese Institute, Research Engineering Academy of Sciences,China and Environmental Regions Arid and Cold Institute ofTibetan Plateau Research, ChineseAcademy ofSciences,China MeteoFrance, France Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland Flemish institute for technological research, Belgium Deutscher Wetterdienst, Germany European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, United Kingdom The European Organisation for theExploitation of Meteorological Satellites, Germany Twente, TheNetherlands Facultypartner: Geo-InformationLead of and Observation, Science Earth University of 7th Framework Programme 1 997635EUR/n.k. 01/2013 -06/2015 physical long-term climateform data records. ofavailable to records data existing previously identification with reconciled be the can that measurements coordinating is CORE-CLIMAX partners its with both conjunction In for impacts. climate event) expected the drought and drivers climate and identified the precipitation temperature, of indices records and climate on warming) based ocean (e.g. and melting sheet ice rise, level sea increase, mitigation measures by providing access to several and climateadaptation indicatorsclimate (e.g. temperature support to helping is Service Change Climate Copernicus the In response to environmental and societal challenges associated with climate changes, asair such cover data records. (ECV), Variables snow temperature, surface sea Climate level, sea dioxide, carbon precipitation, temperature, Essential (GCOS) System Observing Climate Global provide to capability European the assessing for developed datasetsTools and Climate system monitoring Pan-European of longterm climate data records the creation and variables change climate ofessential identification the Coordination - 33 -

II. II. - 34 - http://www.access-eu.org/ Arctic Climate Change, Economy andSociety /Climate Change andtheArctic environment WG ACCESS Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim 7th Framework Programme, OceanofTomorrow 10 978468EUR 2011-2015 climate changes. Arctic of context the in preempted are transportation marine and extraction gas and oil fisheries, sectors of economic the including ACCESS, of activities other The project. ACCESS the of overarchingactivity an is changeclimate context of the environment in onspecific impact Arctic The domain. Arctic the in sustainability and environmentaltosensitivities given andtheir is attention Particular decades. next the scenarios over activities human and change sectors economic climate Arctic evaluates ACCESS different scenariosand routes onNSRandNWSR • • and inthefuture • Climate Change • Reports on: Climate Change, Transport &Tourism, Resource Extraction, Arctic Governance Arctic Region sectors andhumanactivities over the decades.next Evaluation of the Arctic climate change scenarios and their impact on specific economic Report presenting results of ICEROUTE calculations of traveling timefor of traveling calculations ICEROUTE of results presenting Report Recent iceconditions intheArctic + recommended navigation routes Noise propagation from commercial fishing and vessel traffic in the Arctic today effectedby zones as shipping indifficult and NSR on efficiency Navigation Continue onnext page Contacts involved partners and Institutions [email protected] Jean-Claude Gascard Nordic BulkCarriers A/S, Danemark Association Lecercle polaire, France Energiewirtschaftliche Institut an derUniversität zu Köln(EWI),Germany Stiftelsen Sintef, Norway Cicero Senter for Klimaforskning, Norway Sintef Fiskeri ogHavbruk AS,Norway Arctic Centre oftheUniversity ofLapland,Finland Economic andSocialResearch Institute, Ireland Arctic andAntarctic Research Institute of Roshydromet, Russia Deutsches Zentrum fürLuftundRaumfahrt EV, Germany Universitat Politecnica deCatalunya, Spain IMPAC Offshore EngineeringGmbH,Germany P.P. Shirshov Institute ofOceanologyRussianAcademy ofSciences,Russia Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien, TheBeijerInstitute of Ecological Economics, Sweden The Scottish Association forMarineScience,United Kingdom Fastopt GmbH,Germany Meteorologisk Institutt, Norway Norsk Polarinstitutt, Norway Hamburgische Schiffbau-Versuchsanstalt, Germany andMaritime Nofima MarinAS,Norway for Polar entity consulting Technology, Germany Independent Schwarz, Joachim Dr-Ing. Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Germany University ofCambridge, United Kingdom Institut für Weltwirtschaft, Germany Natural Environment Research Council,United Kingdom O.A. Sys-Ocean Atmosphere Systems GmbH,Germany LOV, France LATMOS, France LOCEAN, France Lead partner:University Pierre et MarieCurie,France - 35 -

II. II. - 36 - http://www.eu-atp.org Arctic TippingPoints Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Elisabeth Halvorsen The BeijerInstitute of Ecological Economics, Sweden Meteorologie, Germany Max-Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V., Max-Planck-Institut für Shirshov Institute ofOceanology, Russian Academy ofSciences,Russia Greenland Institute ofNatural Resources, Greenland Université dePierre et MarieCurie,France Center ofMarineSciences,Portugal University ofCambridge, United Kingdom Institute ofOceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland Aarhus Universitet, Denmark SINTEF Fiskeri oghavbruk AS Akvaplan-niva AS, Norway Consejo SuperiordeInvestigaciones Científicas, Spain Lead partner:University ofTromsø, Norway 7th Framework Programme 6 545776EUR/4998098 01/02/2009 -31/01/2012 Enhanced knowledge onArctic climate change andoptions foradaptation. Arctic ecosystems. White paper evaluating different policy options in avoiding exceeding tipping points for resources.of arctic governance and activities socioeconomic for Arctic the in changes of implications the of Assessments shifts. regime during inter-relationships their components and in relationships ecosystem b) changes and responses expected biological and of forcing climate a) between Evaluation shifts. regime and points tipping trajectories, future Modeled school. summer PhD Exhibitions. publications. Academic Investigating tippingpoints inthe European Arctic: Climate change, marineecosystems Arctic the European Arctic. marine ecosystemopportunities on the risks dependentand economic activities for of determine the Inaddition, effect of crossing elements. those thresholds tipping for the Arctic those marine ecosystems, in and the associated shift regime inducing drivers climate corresponding the of levels the establish and change, climate to response in Identifying the elements ofthe Arctic marine ecosystemlikely toshow abrupt changes http://www.epoca-project.eu/index.php/who-are-we.html European Project onOCeanAcidification EPOCA Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Lina Hansson Germany Gmbh, Kustenforschung Und Material- Fur Zentrum Geesthacht Helmholtz-Zentrum Stichting KoninklijkNederlands Instituut Voor Zeeonderzoek (Nioz), The Netherlands United Nations Educational, Scientific AndCultural Organization –Unesco, France Commissariat ALEnergie Atomique Et AuxEnergies Alternatives, France Helmholtz Zentrum FurOzeanforschung En Kiel,Germany Onderzoek Wetenschappelijk University OfPlymouth-HigherEducation Corporation, United Kingdom Onderwijs Hoger Patientenzorg, Christelijk TheNetherlands Voor Vereniging Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie Van Wetenschappen -Knaw, TheNetherlands Hafrannsoknastofnunin, Iceland Goeteborgs Universitet, Sweden Alfred-Wegener-Institut Fuer Polar- UndMeeresforschung, Germany The Scottish Association ForMarineScience,United Kingdom Marine Biological Association OfTheUnited Kingdom, United Kingdom Plymouth MarineLaboratory, United Kingdom University OfSouthampton. United Kingdom Philippe SaugierInternational Educational Projects, France Sir Alister Hardy Foundation For OceanScience,United Kingdom University OfBristol, United Kingdom Universite Libre DeBruxelles, Belgium Universitetet IBergen, Norway Universiteit Utrecht, TheNetherlands University OfCambridge, United Kingdom Eidgenössische Technische HochschuleZürich,Switzerland Universitaet Bern,Switzerland Natural Environment Research Council,United Kingdom Max PlanckGesellschaft Zur Foerderung DerWissenschaften E.v., Germany Leibniz-Institut FuerMeereswissenschaften AnDerUniversitaet Kiel,Germany Lead Partner: Centre National DeLa Recherche Scientifique, France 7th Framework Programme 9 766950EUR/6548995EUR 01/05/2008 –30/+04/2012 Enhancing knowledge andunderstanding ofoceanacidification uncertainties, thresholds. Itshedlight ontippingpoints. and of future changes in ocean chemistrybiota; and biogeochemical onmarine feedbacks in terms of hotspots, acidification ocean changes of impacts spatio-temporal the of present acidification; ocean and of past of understanding our improved EPOCA Ocean acidification Arctic, North Atlantic, North Pacific implications ofoceanacidification. Advancing the understanding of the biological, ecological, biogeochemical, and societal - 37 -

II. II. - 38 - http://www.damocles-eu.org/about_damocles/index.shtml Developing Arctic Capabilities ModellingandObserving forLong-term Environmental Studies DAMOCLES Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Jean-Claude Gascard 48 institutions in11European countries +theRussian Federation andBelarus. Lead partner:Université Pierre et MarieCurie,France 6th framework Programme 24 817021EUR/16099700 12/2005 -05/2008 strategies. adaptation appropriate identified and modelling improved It domain. sub-Arctic and Arctic the of ocean and atmosphere sea-ice, in changes the on light shed DAMOCLES Publications, contribution to International Polar Year2007–2008. Sea-ice, atmosphere andocean Arctic Region Arctic. forecasting and monitoring the in changes climate ice-atmosphere-oceanquantifying and understanding observing, for systemdesigned integrated an was project The http://monarch-a.nersc.no/ MONitoring andAssessingRegional Climate change inHighlatitudes andtheArctic MONARCH-A Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Johnny Johannessen A. Institut Francais de Recherche pourl’Exploitation delaMer, France Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, Denmark Universitetet iBergen, Norway Centre National dela Recherche Scientifique, France Universitat Hamburg, Germany The University ofSheffield, United Kingdom Lead partner:NansenEnvironmental andRemote SensingCenter, Norway 7th Framework Programme 3 942504EUR/2884484 03/2010 -05/2013 andUnderstandingoEnhancing Observing ofArctic Climate Change Reports Space &satellite research, Arctic andMarine Remote SensingStudies Arctic Region, high-latitude regions feedback mechanisms and ocean and circulation andthemarine carbon cycle level sea fluxes, water forcing and carbon terrestrial mutual in changes and their with associated Variables Climate Essential multidisciplinary of a subset to tailored package information dedicated a Generating - 39 -

II. II. - 40 - http://page21.org/ Changing Permafrost intheArctic anditsGlobal Effects inthe21st Century PAGE21 Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim viitanen http://page21.org/component/contact/contact/60-coordination-team/4-leena- Leena -Kaisa Viitanen Moscow State University RussianFederation, Russia Arctic Portal, Iceland Institute for Biological Problems ofCryolithozone Russian Federation, Russia University ofEastern Finland,Finland Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland Kingdom, Great Britain andNorthernIreland, United Kingdom United the of Defence the for State of Secretary the of behalf on and for Office, Met Commissariat àl’Energie Atomique et auxEnergies alternatives, France University ofHamburg, Germany University ofCopenhagen, Denmark Lund University, Sweden Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung derWissenschaften e.V., Germany University ofExeter, United Kingdom Université JosephFourier, France Technische Universität Wien,Austria Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, theNetherlands Universitet, Sweden The University Centre inSvalbard Norway, Norway Lead partner:Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar andMarine Research, Germany 7th Framework Programme 9 269927EUR/6951895 11/2011 -11/2015 andUnderstandingoEnhancing Observing ofArctic Climate Change Field sites, academic publications Permafrost, arctic, climate change, carbon Arctic Region greenhouse gas emissionsfrom permafrost zones global climate, and to investigate the feedback mechanisms associated with increasing changing a to environments permafrost of vulnerability the quantify and Understand http://www.eu-interact.org/transnational-access/ International Network for Terrestrial Research andMonitoring intheArctic INTERACT Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim 7th Framework Programme 9 362620EUR/7300000 01/2011-12/2014 Research facilitation and capacity building to conduct research on Arctic climate change secondary andtertiary students) primary,stakeholdersand public, the interactwith and (informOutreach Russia); and Activities; Transnational Access (access to 20 research stations inNorthernmost Europe managers and between managers and other partners and stakeholders); Joint Research Station Managers forum (platform for exchange of information between research station Terrestrial research Arctic andadjacent northern territories environmental changes throughout thewideenvironmental andland-use diverse to responding and predicting understanding, identifying, Tofor capacity build Continue onnext page - 41 -

II. II. - 42 - Contacts involved partners and Institutions [email protected] Terry V. Callaghan Yugra State University (YSU), Russia World WideFundfor Nature Uppsala University (UU),Sweden University ofTurku (UTURKU), Finland University ofOulu(UOULU), Finland University ofOslo(UO),Norway University ofHelsinki University ofCopenhagen (UCPH),Denmark University ofAlaska Fairbanks, (UAF), United States Swedish University ofAgricultural Sciences Swedish Polar Research Secretariat (SPRS), Sweden Stockholm University ofM.V. Lomonosov of Geography Moscow State Faculty University (MSU),Russia Institution Scientific and Education State The Royal Swedish Academy ofSciences(KVA), Sweden Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI),Norway Norwegian Institute for Agricultural andEnvironmental Research (BIOFORSK), Norway Natural Environmental Research Council(NERC), Great Britain National Environmental Research Institute (NERI),Denmark Lund University (ULUN), Sweden The Institute for Biological Problems ofCryolithozone (IBPC),Russia IT University ofCopenhagen Greenland Institute ofNatural Resources (GINR),Greenland Finnish Forest Research Institute (METLA),Finland Faroe IslandsNature Investigation (FINI), Faroe Islands CLU srl(CLU), Italy Centre for NorthernStudies(CEN)Canada Barrow Arctic ScienceConsortium (BASC), United States Technologies (ATHENA RC), Greece & knowledge Communication Information in Centre Innovation ATHENAand research Arctic Monitoring andAssessment Programme Secretariat, (AMAP) Arctic Institute ofNorthAmerica (AINA),Canada Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar andMarine Research (AWI), Germany Agricultural University ofIceland(AUI), Iceland Partners: The Royal Swedish Academy ofSciences(KVA), Sweden Coordinating body: (UH),Finland (SU),Sweden (WWF) (ITU), Denamark (SLU), Sweden http://www.sios-svalbard.org/prognett-sios/Home_page/1234130481072 Svalbard Integrated Earth System Observing SIOS Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim 7th Framework Programme 6 688418EUR/4455627 2010 -2013 Facilitation of Research. and Coordination Change. Climate Arctic f Understandingo and Observing Enhancing SIOS Educational programme SIOS interactive web-portal Concept paperfor theKnowledge Centre, Knowledge Centre implementation plan Scientific coordination and integration strategy Infrastructure Svalbard Arctic change to relevant stakeholders System models with observational evidence and provide near-real-time information on Creation of an optimized observational infrastructure which can match advanced Earth Continue onnext page - 43 -

II. II. - 44 - Contacts involved partners and Institutions Jon Børre Ørbæk [email protected] The Governor ofSvalbard, Norway Norwegian Ministry ofEducation and Research, Norway Norwegian Directorate ofEnergy andWater Resources, Norway Northern Research Institute Tromso AS,Norway Kongsberg Satellite AS,Norway Services Norwegian University ofScienceandTechnology, Norway Norwegian Institute ofNature Research, Norway Akvaplan-niva AS.,Norway NORSAR, Norway Kings Bay AS,Norway University ofOslo, Norway Norwegian Institute of Water Research, Norway National Science Foundation, USA Arctic Centre -University ofLapland,Finland Geophysical Survey -RussianAcademy ofSciences,Russia Kola ScienceCentre -RussianAcademy ofSciences,Russia EISCAT Scientific Association, Sweden University ofLeicester, United Kingdom Scottish Association forMarineScience,United Kingdom Institute ofBotany -Czech Academy ofSciences,Czech Republic Spanish Ministry ofScienceandInnovation, Spain National Centre for Antarctic andOcean Research, India forPolar Associated partners: Institute -National and Systems Research, Japan Information of Organization Research Andøya Rocket Range, Norway Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Norway Institute ofMarine Research, Norway Nansen Environmental andRemote SensingCenter, Norway Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway University ofTromsø, Norway University ofBergen, Norway Stockholm University, Sweden Institute of Oceanology- Polish Academy ofSciences, Poland Polar Geophysical Institute -RussianAcademy ofSciences,Russia Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute - Korea Polar Research Institute, Korea French Polar Research Institute, France Polar Research Institute ofChina,China University ofGroningen, TheNetherlands Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland National Environmental Research Institute -AarhusUniversity, Denmark Norwegian Ministry ofTrade andIndustry -Norwegian SpaceCentre, Norway Natural Environment Research Council,United Kingdom National Research CouncilofItaly, Italy Institute of Geophysics - Polish Academy ofSciences, Poland Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar andMarine Research, Germany The University Centre inSvalbard, Norway The Norwegian Polar Institute, Norway Partners: Lead partner:TheResearch CouncilofNorway, Norway http://smacs-project.eu/ Small Craft Emergency Response andSurvival Training for Arctic Conditions SMACS The following compilation highlights theEU’s actions inandof relevance to Arctic Maritime Transport. to ships owners, portsandmaritimeindustries delivering ships andequipment. human from protect effectively been have far so influence by sea-ice. On the other hand, Arctic voyages thatmay lead to lower costs, growing trade and economic benefits areas to damage environmental about concerns are There Safety ofnavigation isaserious concern for ships operating inharsh conditionsand remote areas far fromsalvage. maps, communication means and search and rescue capabilities present significant navigational challenges to that ports must from be overcome. ranging infrastructure critical in Deficits season. sailing the extends and watersnavigable of area the expands sea-ice summer Melting transport. maritime expanded for outlook the determinefactors Many magnitude offuture traffic levels. toexpand,transit will as traffic longer the However, run. in there is considerable uncertainty regarding and timing the is expected Arctic the in shipping Destinational Asia. and voyagesEuropetransitbetween made fewships A growing. activities within the Arctic and of economic the export to development of raw materials suchlinked isclosely as petroleum and minerals. traffic Arcticgrowing cruise The tourism increase. isalso to set is Arctic the in transport Maritime Changes inArcticMaritimeTransport Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] John Barrett Norwegian Society for SeaRescue (NSSR),Norway ICE-SAR, Iceland Chalmers University ofTechnology, Sweden Swedish SeaRescue Society, Sweden Lead partner:CorkInstitute of Technology, Ireland Northern Periphery Programme 954 167EUR/519270 10/ 2012-09/2014 in Arctic seafaring. toand/orlack the remoteness SAR Arctic.of capacities the in It promotes competency responds The project small-craft training. Arctic-specific access to difficult currently is It mariners. small-craft Arctic of needs the on programmetrainingspecifically focused The primary objective of the SMACS project is the development of a safety and survival E-learning technologies, desktop andfull-scale virtualsimulators, practical simulators Search andrescue, maritimetraining Ireland, Iceland,Sweden, Norway needs ofsmall-craft Arctic mariners the on focused specifically programme training survival and safety a of Development - 45 -

II. II. - 46 - The BarentsFreeway Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Ulla Alapeteri, LaplandELY Road Agency Centre “The Russia , “Murmanskavtodor” Region Administration Road Regional Murmansk - Organization State the Arkhangelsk of Murmansk Regional Ministry ofTransport andCommunications, Russia Institution “Arkhangelskavtodor””, Russia Public State region, Arkhangelsk Russia the of Communication and Transport Industry, of Ministry The Regional CouncilofLapland,Finland Nordland Fylkeskommune, Norway Fylkeskommune, Norway Troms Fylkeskommune, Norway the and Transport County Administrative Development, Board ofNorrbotten, Sweden Economic for Centre Environment, Finland Lapland partner: Lead Kolarctic ENPI CBC 1 400000EUR/621419 09/2012 -12/2014 infrastructure developing. transport in effect synergy launch and making decision when approach system apply to platform a create to order strategy,in transport Region Barents common the into country each of projects and thanks plans strategies, transport current periphery the of Northern Integration to and Arctic the in arising challengers new to responding infrastructure development on a base of the common Barents Region Transport Strategy of optimization through transport advanced Kolarctic the area in communities local of social development and economic The infrastructure. of existing utilization efficient the and towards in working as to understanding as well in transport, competition be relevant multi-modal for planning will This platform. logistics and transport and modal rail flight, road, improve to proposals of waterway connections, port packagesystems and to create a a joint concept of the Barents forth multi- put will project The Common Barents Region Transport Strategy Transport flows Barents Region intotheglobal Region of the economies of economy local integration the of Acceleration To improve accessibility of regional, national and international markets for the producers Elimination ofborder constraints inorder to addfluencyof transport flows Integration ofthecurrent transport strategies, plansandprojects ofeach country http://www.tkk.fi/Units/Ship/Research/SafeIce/Public/ Increasing theSafety ofIceboundShipping SAFEICE Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Prof. Kujala Pentti Arctic andAntarctic Research Institute, Russia Tallinn Technical University, Estonia Swedish MaritimeAdministration, Sweden National Research CouncilCanada,Canada National Maritime Research Institute, Japan Hamburgische Schiffbau-Versuchsanstalt GmbH,Germany Germanischer Lloyd AG, Germany Finnish MaritimeAdministration, Finland Chalmers University ofTechnology, Sweden 6th RTD Framework Programme 2 175226EUR/1050000EUR 09/2004 -09/2007 Sea andCanadianwaters were usedasvalidation for iceloadpredictions. The target was to decrease theriskinvolved inwinter navigation. BalticSea,Okhostk damages. ice analyze to methods develop to and frames and plating shell of strength ultimate estimate to methods develop to hull, ship on loads ice design the assess to models interaction ship-ice develop to load, ice and conditions operational between relationshipfind to hull, ship on loads ice the determine to measurements on based methods semi-empirical develop to were project SAFEICE the in purposes main The Database oniceloadsandpressures methodologies support decision & AssessmentSafety, and Security inland), & (sea transport Water Baltic Sea,Okhostk Sea, Canadian waters Increasing Road, RailandWaterborne Safety andAvoiding Traffic Congestion - 47 -

II. II. - 48 - http://arctic-transform.org/ Arctic Transform/ShippingWorkingGroup Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Sandra Cavalieri The HeinzCenter, United States ofAmerica Netherlands Institute for the Law of the Sea (NILOS) Utrecht University, The Netherlands Arctic Centre, University ofLapland,Finland Ecologic -Institute for International andEuropean Environmental Policy, Germany Lead partner:Ecologic, Germany European CommissionDirectorate General for External Relations 535 752EUR/482177EUR 01/2008 -06/2009 on focusing shipping, Arctic marinearea. Arctic for options protection preservation and marine the of environment policy biodiversity marine and the in developed TRANSFORM ARCTIC Expert policypaper"Arctic Shipping" Hydrocarbon, Offshore Shipping Peoples, Indigenous Fisheries, Governance, Environmental Arctic Region environment Arctic the marine in adaptation supporting for options transatlantic policy Developing http://www.access-eu.org/ Arctic Climate Change, Economy andSociety /Transport & Tourism WG ACCESS Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim 7th Framework Programme, OceanofTomorrow 10 978468EUR 2011-2015 and tourism, andarctic shipping governance underclimate change conditions. Furthermore, research is conducted into the socio-economic aspects shipping. of Arctic Arctic transport of economy and safety the improve analysed. to made are are Recommendations shipping increased by Ocean Arctic the in pollution and assessed are transport in view of changing ice conditions. Infrastructure needs for increased shipping change on Arctic shipping. ACCESS is researching rules and regulations for marine climate Arctic of Impact investigating is ACCESS package, Tourismwork Transportand its In different scenariosand routes onNSRandNWSR • • and inthefuture • Climate Change • Reports on: Climate Change, Transport &Tourism, Resource Extraction, Arctic Governance Arctic Region sectors andhumanactivities over the decades.next Evaluation of the Arctic climate change scenarios and their impact on specific economic Report presenting results of ICEROUTE calculations of traveling timefor of traveling calculations ICEROUTE of results presenting Report Recent iceconditions intheArctic + recommended navigation routes Noise propagation from commercial fishing and vessel traffic in the Arctic today effectedby zones as shipping indifficult and NSR on efficiency Navigation Continue onnext page - 49 -

II. II. - 50 - Contacts involved partners and Institutions [email protected] Jean-Claude Gascard Nordic BulkCarriers A/S, Danemark Association Lecercle polaire, France Energiewirtschaftliche Institut an derUniversität zu Köln(EWI),Germany Stiftelsen Sintef, Norway Cicero Senter for Klimaforskning, Norway Sintef Fiskeri ogHavbruk AS,Norway Arctic Centre oftheUniversity ofLapland,Finland Economic andSocialResearch Institute, Ireland Arctic andAntarctic Research Institute of Roshydromet, Russia Deutsches Zentrum fürLuftundRaumfahrt EV, Germany Universitat Politecnica deCatalunya, Spain IMPAC Offshore EngineeringGmbH,Germany P.P. Shirshov Institute ofOceanologyRussianAcademy ofSciences,Russia Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien, TheBeijerInstitute of Ecological Economics, Sweden The Scottish Association forMarineScience,United Kingdom Fastopt GmbH,Germany Meteorologisk Institutt, Norway Norsk Polarinstitutt, Norway Hamburgische Schiffbau-Versuchsanstalt, Germany andMaritime Nofima MarinAS,Norway for Polar entity consulting Technology, Germany Independent Schwarz, Joachim Dr-Ing. Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Germany University ofCambridge, United Kingdom Institut für Weltwirtschaft, Germany Natural Environment Research Council,United Kingdom O.A. Sys-Ocean Atmosphere Systems GmbH,Germany LOV, France LATMOS, France LOCEAN, France Lead partner:University Pierre et MarieCurie,France http://www.joules-project.eu/Joules/index.xhtml Joint Operation for Ultra Low EmissionShipping JOULES involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Disciplines involved Scope ofapplication Main aim Contacts 7th Framework Programme 14 250109EUR/8500000EUR 05/2013 -05/2017 gasshipping, emissions European builtships Significantly reducing the gas emissionsofEuropean builtships http://www.joules-project.eu/Joules/contact.xhtml WARTSILA FINLANDOY, Finland Rolls-Royce plc,United Kingdom MTI HollandB.V., The Netherlands UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DEMADRID, Spain University ofStrathclyde, United Kingdom NEXANS France, France Yachtglass GmbH& Co.KG, Germany Compagnia Generale Trattori Italy SpA, AALTO-KORKEAKOULUSÄÄTIÖ, Finland Balearia Eurolineas Spain Maritimas SA, AKER ARCTIC TECHNOLOGY OY, Finland FranceSAFT S.A., Centre for Concepts inMechatronic, TheNetherlands ItalyCETENA, Couple Systems GmbH,Germany Stichting Maritiem Research Instituut Nederland,The Netherlands HyGear FuelCellSystems B.V., TheNetherlands Caledonian MaritimeAssets Ltd, United Kingdom BUREAU VERITAS, France Netherlands Organisation for AppliedScientific Research, The Netherlands Technical University ofDelft,TheNetherlands TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET HAMBURG-HARBURG, Germany Imtech Marine Netherlands, TheNetherlands Institut fuerEnergie- undUmweltforschung, Germany TechnicalVTT Research Center ofFinland,Finland SSPA Sweden AB, Sweden Det Norske Veritas AS,Norway Universite deLiege, Belgium BALance Technology ConsultingGmbH,Germany Center ofMaritime Technologies e. V., Germany WAERTSILA NETHERLANDS B.V., TheNetherlands MAN Diesel&Turbo, Germany Fincantieri Cantieri Navali Italiani SpA, Italy STX FinlandOY, Finland STX France SA, France Navantia Spain S.A., MEYER WERFTGmbH,Germany Damen Shipyards Group, Denmark Lead partner:Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft mbH&Co. KG,Germany - 51 -

II. II. - 52 - http://www.nersc.no/project/netmar networkOpen service for MarineEnvironmental Data NETMAR Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Stein Sandven METEOROLOGISK INSTITUTT, NORGE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH COUNCIL, UNITED KINGDOM CEDRE, FRANCE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CORK, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OFIRELAND, CORKÉIRE/IRELAND INSTITUT FRANCAISDERECHERCHE POURL’EXPLOITATION DELAMER,FRANCE PLYMOUTH MARINELABORATORY, UNITEDKINGDOM Lead partner:NansenEnvironmental andRemote SensingCenter, Norway 7th Framework Programme 3 892852EUR/2970950 02/2010 -2013/01 atlases. relation between physical and biological variables and data exchange with coastal web and ecosystem the validate an will study cases model, use blooms the Furthermore, ice. sea Arctic plankton spills, oil of forecasting and monitoring include cases use The Academic publications, NETMARSemantic Framework Arctic andMarine Remote SensingStudies Europe searching, for areas. (EUMIS) System coastal and ocean from Information data model and situ in satellite, integrating and Marine downloading European pilot a Developing http://www.gsa.europa.eu/galileo-0 European GlobalSatellite-Based Navigation System Galileo Funding source Budget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim European Commission,European SpaceAgency operational, i.e. asfrom 2014-2015 €590millions programme. Added to this will be the operating costs of the system once it has become Galileo the with infrastructureassociated the complete to 2014-2019 period the over The estimates made to date point theGalileo to a requirement for around million), € 1 million). 900 400 € (around million €600 EGNOS of operation inthe funding and billion), 2.4 (€ phase deployment around of for completion (accounting namely phase activities, development main Galileo three the the across split been has budget This € 3.4billion,inaddition to whichthere is,inter alia,a contribution from Norway. The EU contribution and to the Galileo EGNOS programmes for 2007-2013 amounts to 1999-2020 Search andrescue for maritimetransport inopen applicable access navigation, commercial navigation, search programme and rescue. (GNSS) Systems Satellite Navigation Global own EU Aerodynamics, remote physics, engineering, sensing, propulsion, materials science,IT. Global research, tourism andleisure, andothers. applications, agriculture, surveying, land fisheries, environmental protection, scientific be applicable in public and private sectors i.e. in transport and logistics, communication the locations of objects, other people and goods at any given moment. The system will Global applications. other Navigation Satellite amongst Systems (GNSS) allow users navigation, worldwide environment,to pinpoint their locations the and or of communication monitoring meteorology, the for tools necessary become have satellites As - 53 -

II. II. - 54 - http://www.eco-fish.org Environment friendlyfish farming anduseofcleanerfish EcoFish The EUisinvolved inmany initiatives addressing thechanging nature of Arctic fisheries,as presented here. as oceanclimate, chemistry and,for example, sea-beddisturbance dueto bottom trawling. An increase in fishing, as well as the changing nature andspatial of fisheries also impacts activities biodiversity, it processing affects fish biomass and as well fishing andtraditional conflicts may arise. local on impacts aquaculture and Commercialization employer and industry a key are across the Arctic, fisheries with some communities almost Historically wholly reliant on fish catch. and fish processing global for their economic survival. the of 5% about represent fisheries Sub-Arctic stable, aquaculture production continues expanding. and Fish indirectly. and fishery directly toan products are among both the most income, traded food and Inaddition commodities worldwide. While livelihoods capture fisheries provides production and prosperity. remains sector fisheries the well-being source, world’s food important the to contributions crucial make aquaculture and Fisheries Changing NatureofArcticFisheries Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Geir Mikkelsen Indigo Rock MarineResearch Centre, Ireland Marine Ryan Institute, Ireland Viking FishFarm Ltd,, Scotland Norwegian Institute for Agricultural andEnvironmental Research –Bioforsk, Norway Lead partner:BodøUniversity College, AFN,Norway Northern Periphery Programme 1 594678EUR/884079EUR 01/2008 -12/2011 all countries oftheNorthernPeriphery area. in industry the of expansion further the limiting issue is health major the is which lice sea by caused problems on attention focused has farming salmon of However, the expansion rapid communities. coastal marginal particularly societies European North industry which is making a significant contribution to the culture of and economy of many use aquaculture and salmon the to firmly farming anchored is project fish The aquaculture. in fish friendly cleaner environment in need the to responds project The salmon cages. in wrasse Ballan of use protocol for wrasse, Ballan of production hatchery on Manual Aquaculture, fish farming Norway, Scotland andIreland and salmonfarming industry cod the by use for fish cleaner rear to required technology and methods Developing http://www.northcharr.eu Sustainable Aquaculture ofArctic charr Northcharr Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Eva Brännäs Holar University Collage, Iceland Nofima Marine,Norway Lead partner:SLU, Wildlife, FishandEnvironmental Studies,Sweden Northern Periphery Programme 1 132792EUR/478683 06/2008 -09/2011 in aquaculture. conditions and slaughter. The project was thus relevant to faring environmental for criteria welfare sustainability developing and charr Arctic for feed fish the in ingredients the development of Arctic charr production. The project focussed on using sustainable improve strongly to tools with periphery Northern the in stakeholdersprovided and expertise using to approach holistic a took project The areas. rural in opportunities job important creating while product quality high unique, a with markets EU provide to opportunity therefore the have farms fish periphery periphery.Northern northern the in areas rural to restrictedlargely is Europe in species this farm to possibility the reason, this water.brackishFor or fresh cold to access requires species this Farming establishment oftheAquaculture Centre North. inquest to thegovernmental help to input and farmers.; services advice making”; the Aquaculture“Sweden, in nation an thefarming initiated; of countries participating all coordination in programs; industry breeding national expanded and Secured Aquaculture Iceland, Norway, Sweden Developing farming ofArctic charr - 55 -

II. II. - 56 - http://www2.fylkesmannen.no/hoved.aspx?m=67246 Kolarctic Salmon Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Bente Christiansen Institute ofMarine Research, Norway Norwegian Institute ofNature Research, Norway Knipovitch Polar Research Institute ofMarineFisheriesandOceanography, Russia Turku University, Finland Game andFisheriesResearch Institute, Finland Lead partner:FinnmarkCounty Governor´s office,Norway Kolarctic ENPICBC 3 100000EUR/1500EUR 01/2011-12/2013 research various management, disciplines, seasalmonfishingorganizations andlocal fishermen. among dialogue and cooperation active of legacy a leaves also It region. Barents the in stocks salmon of management knowledge-based Kolarctic Salmon will generate recommendations on how to provide a more sustainable, and migration patterns ofthedifferent stocks development the on knowledge region, the stocks on salmon wild the of map Genetic Fisheries management Barents Region of theAtlantic salmon Merging modern science with traditional knowledge to improve the future management http://arctic-transform.org/ Arctic Transform/FisheriesWorkingGroup Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Sandra Cavalieri The HeinzCenter, United States ofAmerica Netherlands Institute for the Law of the Sea (NILOS) Utrecht University, The Netherlands Arctic Centre, University ofLapland,Finland Ecologic -Institute for International andEuropean Environmental Policy, Germany Lead partner:Ecologic, Germany European CommissionDirectorate General for External Relations 535 752EUR/482177EUR 01/2008 -06/2009 of analyzing interms regulatory frameworks. on international Relevant asmanagement. based well as conservation pursue, or to, offisheries regulation instruments and intergovernmental the and other relevant international bodies that relate for recommendations Policy Expert policypaper"Arctic Fisheries" Hydrocarbon, Offshore Shipping Peoples, Indigenous Fisheries, Governance, Environmental Arctic Region environment Arctic the marine in adaptation supporting for options transatlantic policy Developing - 57 -

II. II. - 58 - http://www.access-eu.org/ Arctic Climate Change, Economy andSociety /Fisheries WG ACCESS Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim 7th Framework Programme, OceanofTomorrow 10 978468EUR 2011-2015 of thefisheriesandaquaculture industry, andits effect onmarinemammals. Arctic climate how changes affect aspects of socio-economic analysis the taskis major intothe more broadly it looks sensitivity of the ecosystems and their response in that to essential climate variables. Another questions fisheries to relevance of is ACCESS • strategies to climate-related changes infisheries • • • • • • sectors Past andpresent impactofbiophysical changes onfisheries • Reports on: Climate Change, Transport &Tourism, Resource Extraction, Arctic Governance Arctic Region sectors andhumanactivities over the decades.next Evaluation of the Arctic climate change scenarios and their impact on specific economic Results from field experiments intheArctic and practices adaptation management, fishery national and International Market responses to climate change Indicators for sustainable development intheArctic fisheriessector Climate change impacts,andhumanresponses, affecting traditional whaling Climate change andArctic aquaculture Economic impactsofglobalwarming onfisheries Economic settings, societal and cultural priorities in the fishery and aquaculture Continue onnext page Contacts involved partners and Institutions [email protected] Jean-Claude Gascard Nordic BulkCarriers A/S, Danemark Association Lecercle polaire, France Energiewirtschaftliche Institut an derUniversität zu Köln(EWI),Germany Stiftelsen Sintef, Norway Cicero Senter for Klimaforskning, Norway Sintef Fiskeri ogHavbruk AS,Norway Arctic Centre oftheUniversity ofLapland,Finland Economic andSocialResearch Institute, Ireland Arctic andAntarctic Research Institute of Roshydromet, Russia Deutsches Zentrum fürLuftundRaumfahrt EV, Germany Universitat Politecnica deCatalunya, Spain IMPAC Offshore EngineeringGmbH,Germany P.P. Shirshov Institute ofOceanologyRussianAcademy ofSciences,Russia Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien, TheBeijerInstitute of Ecological Economics, Sweden The Scottish Association forMarineScience,United Kingdom Fastopt GmbH,Germany Meteorologisk Institutt, Norway Norsk Polarinstitutt, Norway Hamburgische Schiffbau-Versuchsanstalt, Germany andMaritime Nofima MarinAS,Norway for Polar entity consulting Technology, Germany Independent Schwarz, Joachim Dr-Ing. Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Germany University ofCambridge, United Kingdom Institut für Weltwirtschaft, Germany Natural Environment Research Council,United Kingdom O.A. Sys-Ocean Atmosphere Systems GmbH,Germany LOV, France LATMOS, France LOCEAN, France Lead partner:University Pierre et MarieCurie,France - 59 -

II. II. - 60 - http://arctic-transform.org/ Arctic Transform/OffshoreHydrocarbonWorkingGroup opportunities andchallenges inthis regard. the engage to activities several undertaking been has EU The hydrocarbonresources. onshore to applicable also are and environmental political EU’seconomic, the for implications factorsthe about EU discussion the motivatingthe and of developments, andof gas oil role impacts Much landscape. has also exploitation gas and oil of prospect The resourcesmayhave those clear that is it Yet predict. to difficult is Arctic important impacts ontheArctic environment, economies andsocieties. in the gas exploitation and oil of timing extentand the So variables. dynamic other among change,climate and security development,energyeconomic with Investmentexplorationin development and are influenced markets, global by energy policies and concerned demand particular challenges to developing theArctic’s offshore oiland gas resources. present conditions extreme in operating of costs high and aspects environmental and technical the yet significant is base resource the date, to untapped Largely resources. onshore of development in continues progress while years, sea ice due to climate change. Concurrently, diminished interest as in exploiting offshorewell oil and as gas in the Arctictechnologies, has improved grown in recent to due accessible more becoming are Ocean Arctic the of parts Many an uncertain future. largely a frontier region. What is common is that the development of the Arctic’s offshore hydrocarbon resources faces reserves in Russia are dominated by natural gas; onshore resources have been producing for decades while offshore is region’s the of most many while Alaska holds has Arctic reserves, Exploitation oil of faces: hydrocarbons region the in Developing OilandGasResourcesintheArctic Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Sandra Cavalieri The HeinzCenter, United States ofAmerica Netherlands Institute for the Law of the Sea (NILOS) Utrecht University, The Netherlands Arctic Centre, University ofLapland,Finland Ecologic -Institute for International andEuropean Environmental Policy, Germany Lead partner:Ecologic, Germany European CommissionDirectorate General for External Relations 535 752EUR/482177EUR 01/2008 -06/2009 hydrocarbon offshore standards. Arctic of technical to enhance governance recommendations policy as well as explorationexploitation, and regarding recommendations Policy Expert policy paper "Offshore Hydrocarbon: Current Policy Context in the Marine Arctic" Hydrocarbon, Offshore Shipping Peoples, Indigenous Fisheries, Governance, Environmental Arctic Region environment Arctic the marine in adaptation supporting for options transatlantic policy Developing http://www.access-eu.org/ Arctic Climate Change, Economy andSociety / Resource Extraction WG ACCESS Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim 7th Framework Programme, OceanofTomorrow 10 978468EUR 2011-2015 identification of ecologically vulnerable areasand existing conservation plans. and (d) pollution, environment,quality,noise the air (c) of on health drilling (b) oil gasand forecasting, trajectory detection, remote tracking. of iceberg Assessing potential environmental pressures with respect to (a) the impact of accuracy (e) extraction, resource safe a to tailored system observing an of design the for recommendations (d)providing eventscenarios, and extreme predictions change climate different for gas products in cold environment, (c) the impact of present inice-covered and future and oil oil spill scenarios of types different of technologies behaviour the (b) and planning, contingency including waters capabilities response spill oil inArctic (a) regarding transportation waters and extraction exploration, thesevessels. resource for of and risks Arctic the requirements rescue Assessing and identifying existing or vessels Assessing developments. crafts andprovide evacuation technological Arctic development, future for thathinder pathways gaps of technological Identification • Emissionsofalarge set ofatmospheric compounds ingas/oil extraction facilities • Simulator oftheeffects ofnoisefrom oilindustry operations onmarinemammals • Interactive noisemaps of exploration/ exploitation sites • Oilspillresponse capabilities and technologies inice-free andice-covered water Reports on: Climate Change, Transport &Tourism, Resource Extraction, Arctic Governance Arctic Region sectors andhumanactivities over the decades.next Evaluation of the Arctic climate change scenarios and their impact on specific economic Continue onnext page - 61 -

II. II. - 62 - Contacts involved partners and Institutions [email protected] Jean-Claude Gascard Nordic BulkCarriers A/S, Danemark Association Lecercle polaire, France Energiewirtschaftliche Institut an derUniversität zu Köln(EWI),Germany Stiftelsen Sintef, Norway Cicero Senter for Klimaforskning, Norway Sintef Fiskeri ogHavbruk AS,Norway Arctic Centre oftheUniversity ofLapland,Finland Economic andSocialResearch Institute, Ireland Arctic andAntarctic Research Institute of Roshydromet, Russia Deutsches Zentrum fürLuftundRaumfahrt EV, Germany Universitat Politecnica deCatalunya, Spain IMPAC Offshore EngineeringGmbH,Germany P.P. Shirshov Institute ofOceanologyRussianAcademy ofSciences,Russia Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien, TheBeijerInstitute of Ecological Economics, Sweden The Scottish Association forMarineScience,United Kingdom Fastopt GmbH,Germany Meteorologisk Institutt, Norway Norsk Polarinstitutt, Norway Hamburgische Schiffbau-Versuchsanstalt, Germany andMaritime Nofima MarinAS,Norway for Polar entity consulting Technology, Germany Independent Schwarz, Joachim Dr-Ing. Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Germany University ofCambridge, United Kingdom Institut für Weltwirtschaft, Germany Natural Environment Research Council,United Kingdom O.A. Sys-Ocean Atmosphere Systems GmbH,Germany LOV, France LATMOS, France LOCEAN, France Lead partner:University Pierre et MarieCurie,France http://maires.nersc.no/ Monitoring Arctic landandseaiceusingRussianEuropean satellites MARIES Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Stein Sandven of Geodesy andCartography, Russia State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Moscow State University Research Center for Earth Operative Russia Monitoring, Russia Scientific foundation Nansen International Environmentaland Remote Sensing Centre, Institute ofInformation andCommunication Technology, Austria Lead partner:NansenEnvironmental andRemote SensingCenter, Norway Copernicus, 7thFramework Programme 500 000EUR 06/2011 -06/2014 the oilandgas exploration and exploitation. ArcticstrengthensMARIES the relevantin processestakingknowledgeplace about for the Arctic. in activities human other operationsoffshore and shipping, forimportance activities. Improved monitoring of sea ice and icebergs in the Barents and Kara Seas is of Arctic economic offshore support which researchcapabilities develop to help Projects Data, models,maps andreports onArctic glaciers, seaiceandicebergs Arctic andMarine Remote SensingStudies,Climate Processes, Variability andChange Barents andKara Searegion icebergs. and ice sea glaciers, Arctic of monitoring satellite for methodologies of Development - 63 -

II. II. - 64 - http://www.marcoast.eu/ Marine &Coastal Environmental Information Service MarCoast /2 Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] The MarCoast consortium is composed of32partners from 10European countries Lead partnerTHALES ALENIASPACE -France European spaceagency ESA-ESRIN 11.5 M€intotal (over 6years) 11/2005 -11/2008,201003/2013 andgas oil in beapplied later exploration inArctic seas. can initiative monitoring this in gained Knowledge andcustomizedOil spillsurveillance information, Oil SpillandWater Qualitymonitoring Norwegian Sea,NorthBalticBay ofBiscay, Mediterranean sea,Blacksea Delivers downstream for services theoperational monitoring ofmarine water quality http://www.myocean.eu/ MyOcean /MyOcean2 Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Special Features Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Pierre Bahurel Core operators. Service Consortium of 59 partners from across Europe structured around a core team of Marine 7th Framework Programme 55 M€/33.8 04/2009 –03/2012;04/2012-09/2014 andsystemsservices already implemented withthebudget of41M€. the of extension and continuation controlled a ensure to launched was 2 Ocean My Mediterranean SeaandBlackSea)globalmodels. Centres and Forecasting operateregional (Arctic, North Baltic, West shelf, Irish-Bay Biscay Coast, of Iberian and monitoring The cycle. repeating perpetually to anagreed generally and and forecasts analyses innearreal and generate data models thematic ocean assimilate to forecasting.time numerical isrunning weather and My Ocean2 seasonal activities, its climate, Amongst and environment coastal and marine resources, safety, marine maritime : applications marine all for users to (OMF/GMS) and sustainable Ocean Monitoring and Forecasting system of the GMES Marine Service The main objective of the MyOcean2 project is to deliver and operate a rigorous, robust the physical state biogeochemical oftheoceananditsprimary parameters Information service providing observations, analysis, reanalysis and forecasts describing Ocean monitoring Atlantic, Arctic OceanandtheMediterranean Sea Setting up an integrated pan-European capability for ocean monitoring and forecasting - 65 -

II. II. - 66 - http://sidarus.nersc.no Sea IceDownstream for Services Arctic andAntarctic Users and Stakeholders SIDARUS Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Stein Sandven B.I. Stepanov Institute ofPhysics, Belarus Nansen International Environmental and Remote SensingCenter, Russia Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway United Kingdom University of Cambridge, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University ofBremen, Institute ofEnvironmental Physics, Germany Collecte Localisation Satellites SA (CLS),France Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar andMarine Research, Germany Nansen Environmental andRemote SensingCenter, Norway European Earth Observation Programme Copernicus,7thFramework Programme 3 475000EUR/2498507 01/2011- 01/2014 navigation intheArctic Ocean. which are relevant for the oil and gas exploration and exploitation. It is also relevant for Positive effects on strengthening knowledge about the processes in place taking Arctic Sea icethicknessfrom satellite radar altimeter ,Seaicedrifton regional scale Bears, tracking - Polar ARGOS Animal forecasting BarentsKara and Seas; ice the Sea in MarinesafetySea icemonitoring, Arctic Region, Antarctic of climate research, marinesafety andenvironmental monitoring area the in downstream services ice sea of set a implementation of and Development In Horizon 2020 framework, a number of calls potentially of relevance to trends in the development of oil and gas and oil of resources inArctic development waters andelsewhere. Thisisillustrated the by the following table: in trends to relevance of potentially calls of number a framework, 2020 Horizon In shore economy off innovative future the for Preparing BG-5-2014: New offshore challenges: Oceans: and Seas of Unlocking potential the Growth: Blue u-e tcnlge for atnew services sea technologies sub-sea the Delivering BG-06-2014 New offshore challenges: Oceans: and Seas of Unlocking potential the Growth: Blue aiis o i sil and spills marine pollutions oil to pacities ca- Response BG-7-2015: New offshore challenges: Oceans: and Seas of Unlocking potential the Growth: Blue lar research cooperation po European BG-15-2014: New offshore challenges: Oceans: and Seas of Unlocking potential the Growth: Blue Energy andTransport tute for Insti - CentreResearch Joint European Commission Project’s name - - the bio-economy waterinland research and and maritime and marine forestry, and agriculture 2: sustainable security, Food Challenge Societal PROGRAMME 2014-2015 WORK – 2020 HORIZON the bio-economy waterinland research and and maritime and marine forestry, and agriculture 2: sustainable security, Food Challenge Societal PROGRAMME 2014-2015 WORK – 2020 HORIZON the bio-economy waterinland research and and maritime and marine forestry, and agriculture 2: sustainable security, Food Challenge Societal PROGRAMME 2014-2015 WORK – 2020 HORIZON the bio-economy waterinland research and and maritime and marine forestry, and agriculture sustainable security, Food Societal Challenge 2: PROGRAMME 2014-2015 WORK – 2020 HORIZON major hazards of control better supply through hydrocarbon Ensuring EU analysis acci- dent past from Lessons gas operations: and oil offshore of Safety Programme utial ad economically feasible businessmodels. environmentally and sustainable most promising, the and economy shore off the in developments nomic eco- and social the identify and Analyse required to work undersea components main their and/or robots and vehicles underwater new of prototypes and design innovative on focused Research extreme oceanicconditions. in including & gas), oil ticularly (par events pollution coastal or and/ offshore major to capacity response operational an integrated of development Providing research programme managers. tific communityand/or needs tothe appropriate scien- action should communicate user the dialogue stakeholder uous a contin- up setting By gramme. Pro- Research Polar European and development acomprehensive Europe in research polar of coordination at aims Project severity ofaccidents formation the frequency on and statisticalgetto in useful also is It learning. lessons and parency toinformation, of sharing trans- related conditions existing identify the to order in sector the in accidents past of analysis the is support this to contributing activity One legislation. safety offshore the of implementation and development the supports programme its work through institutional and ENERGY DG with -Understanding of - dum Memoran - a through JRC, The Main scope - - - 2020 Horizon in receivefunding to eligible the are which countries in es- tablished entities Legal From 2014 2020 Horizon in receivefunding to eligible the are which countries in es- tablished entities Legal From 2014 2020 Horizon in receivefunding to eligible the are which countries in es- tablished entities Legal From 2015 2020 Horizon in receivefunding to eligible the are which countries in es- tablished entities Legal Since 2014 ergy andTransport En for Institute tre Cen- Research Joint 2012 Duration and coverage - strengthen EU position and expertize inthisarea position EU strengthen offshore economicwill dimension and the social in both economy, in models especially for feasible business developments, innovative and sustainablefor basis Providing offshore Arctic the in exploitation the advantagesdevelopment in of companies EU offers nologies tech- innovative Supporting areas. in highrisk ecosystems sensitive protect help to works infrastructure for recommendations Setting ment ofsuchevents. manage- the in making cision better a de- support forand preparedness tested be can grated modelsandtoolsthat inte- particular pollu within marine tions, and spills oil response capacity to operational European the Improvementof sciences. UNFCCC othersand related to polar and protocol, treal Mon the Council, Arctic the commitmentsrespect with to international EU’s the to port at advice sup and level EU and national policy to tribute con additionally will Project control and interoperability. quality access, data changeof open in thedomain global improve step a induce cooperation and also may It European resources. of use efficient the and coherent increase and Europe in cooperation research polar of ambition and scale the in crease substantially will Project operations gas about and oil offshore of states safety member and expertise of the EU institutions growthprojectof support This Relevance (Whichtrend, issue, driver, impact?) - - - - - cluding oilandgas exploitation activates, in offshore of development on impact Positive existing andnew European offshore economy. ofthe competitiveness and cost-effectiveness Increase pean industries inextreme andArctic conditions Euro- by operations offshore safe and sustainable Enable resources. their and environment sea deep the column, water the Improve the scientific capacity to observe and understand it can Additionally, conditions. Arctic harsh in helpful be could which standards European on based technologies and effective of safety development for effects Positive high potential for knowledge sharinginthisfield. their given Canada, and US the particular in innovation, and research in cooperation international development - ing SMEswithinthemarineindustrial sector; includ industry European of competitiveness of growth - - for societal acceptance ofoffshore activities; to pollutionfrom oiland gas installations EMSA’seffectiveness of to- respond operational capacity nean; Mediterra- the in Convention Barcelona the of Protocol the Offshore to and activities production exploration and the Directive of 2013/30/EU on safety of offshore oil and gas prospection, implementation the to contributing - trans-boundary co-operation; and cross-border including pollution, with dealing with charged agencies government relevant scientific and the community between integration the improvement - ties; communi and economies coastal environment, marine on pollution marine of impacts of negative mitigation - & gas); oil (particularly events pollution re- marine major optimally to spond to capacity integrated an development - Positive effect on: from theUSandCanada,Russia,Japan,China,India. partners with especially and innovation, research in cooperation EU strategy for international search anddevelopment ofobjectives ofthe re- polar European of the significance on effect Positive ations, includingtheArctic areas. and the EUinstitutions oper safetystates and gas offshore member oil of about of on expertise effect Positive Assessment oftheimpact(qualitative) - 67 - - - - - II. II. - 68 - http://www.tunturilappi.fi/ North CalotteNetworkforSustainableTourismDevelopment Collated here are themajorEUinputsattending to increasing land-usepressures intheEuropean Arctic. compete for space. and oneanother that influence destination. activities human various between Today, conflicts faces region Arctic the herding, hunting and fishing. People are also drawn to what is perceived as the pristine nature of the Arctic as aleisure reindeer as such livelihoods traditional and structures social to challenges as well negative as environmental impacts and economic positive bring may changes Land-use conservation. nature and tourism urbanisation, developments, putting are which pressure activities on land human use in fuel the integration European economic Arctic and including forestry, mobility greater hydrocarbon as and such mineral processes extractionGlobalisation energy and transport Increasing LandUsePressuresintheEuropeanArctic Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Liisa Mäenpää Lyngen region vidStorfjord kommune, Norway Vågan kommune, Norway Heart ofLaplandekförening, Sweden Lead partner:Tunturilapin kehitys Ry, Finland Interreg IVA North 650 373EUR/223274EUR/ 11/2011 -06/2014 by activities oftourist of contributing to sustainable pressure industry operation organization use land spatial mitigated project the The transforming regions. of border the capable is and Europe of borderlands northern the in place-making co-operative of form significant a become Tourismhas Interaction network-platform, community development North Calotte Area Raising awareness ofsustainable tourism intheArctic. Increasing cooperation between thoseinvolved in tourism intheArctic area. http://www.ulapland.fi/InEnglish/Units/Faculty-of-Law/Research/Research-Projects/DILACOMI Different LandUseActivitiesand Local CommunitiesinMining Projects DILACOMI Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source Total budget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Mikko Jokinen, University ofOulu,Finland University ofLapland,Finland Lead partner:TheFinnishForest Research Institute, Finland European Regional Development Fund 2011 -2013 tourist destinations inLapland. to located close projects mining and Integrationof nature-based economies activities. mining concerning planning use land of practices and processes The life. community of and SEA aspects EIA social and economic planning, ecological, between use interrelationship and land processes to relation in projects mining the in forthe stake-holders participation towards contribution communities, local the to by project caused mining changes of evaluation use, land regarding law environmental of Analysis Master’s thesis,articlesand reports Handbook -best practices guidebook for mininginNorth socialandculturalmining, sustainability Finnish Lapland to able are and affect they how and function inthelocal communities. mines, and mining is research of subject The - 69 -

II. II. - 70 - http://lsp.act4region.ru/ LSP Reconstructionoftheroad“Kandalaksha-Alakurtti–CheckpointSalla” Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Olga Buch Lapland development Centre for Economic, Transport andEnvironment, Finland Municipality ofSalla,Finland Lead partner:MurmanskRoad Administration, Russia Kolarctic ENPICBC, Large Scale Project 2 230000EUR/ 06/2012 -12/2014 the border between NorthernRussiaandtheFinland projectcontributes crossing of barrier-freeincreasinglybeneficial toThe mutually and passenger traffics across theborder. and cargo the increasing residents, of mobility and business international and border Reconstruction of the road sectors, reducing the barriers for development of the cross- Murmansk Region, Russia 130km oftheroad Salla-Alakurtti. 100- section reconstructtothe is purpose ProjectBarentsregion. the developmentof social-economic infrastructure transport and the of development the to Contributing http://www.polarwind.ru/ LSP PolarWind Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim e-mail: [email protected] Andrey Reznichok MUE Severzhilkomservice, Russia Not-for-profit Partnership North-West Centre, FundingService Russia The FinnishMeteorological Institute, Finland OOO NorthWest United Generating Company, Russia Department,Lead partner:Construction, Russia HousingandCommunalServices Kolarctic ENPICBC, Large Scale Project 2 300000EUR/ 08/2012 –11/2014 put pressures onlocal economies. can in land-use changes that economically, given communities Arctic the benefit can The project facilitates renewable energy development and research in the Arctic, which Development ofenvironmentally friendlywind-dieselpower installations Modernization ofthemunicipalpower systems Engineering works andsurveys Nenets Russia Autonomous Okrug, Creating stable andenvironmentally cleanenergy supply for thevillages - 71 -

II. II. - 72 - http://www.metsa.fi/sivustot/metsa/en/Projects/NeighbourhoodProjects/ABCGheritage/Sivut/default.aspx Arctic Biological, Cultural andGeological Heritage ABCG Heritage Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Riina Tervo Lapland State Natural Biosphere Reserve andPasvik State Nature Reserve, Russia Geological Institute ofthe Kola ScienceCentre, Russia Nordland Research Institute, Norway Finnmark County AuthorityNorway County Governor ofFinnmark,Norway Bioforsk Svanhovd, Norway Lapland Centre for Economic Development, Transport andtheEnvironment, Finland Geological Survey ofFinland,Finland Lead partner:Metsähallitus, Natural Heritage Finland Services, Kolarctic ENPI CBC 1 800000EUR/approx. 700000EUR 03/2011-12/2014 conservation. create positive knowledge impact and contribute to sustainable ecotourism and nature andprovide and management forgenuinethe opportunity regionallocaland the participation. Educational materials useplanning land of issues address plansand services of specific Development tourism. and conservation to contributing is project The Tour for Geotourists” guidebook. “Lapland and Fennoscandia. of Belt Green trails the for plan Nature Development boards. information operators. and tourism education environmental and protection Fennoscandia.Educational material schools, teachers,for personnel nature in working in Urho Kekkonen and Pyhä-Luosto National Parks. Travelling exhibition of Green Belt of Nature guiding (incl. mobile applications) and services for cultural and geological sights Education, tourism, nature conservation East-Lapland, Kola Peninsula andNorthernNorway whichdo new, of Fennoscandia, create long-term nature conservation work andestablish Belt sustainable nature tourism. areas the Green recreational and along protected networks co-operative of innovative use sustainable the increase To also for tourists, local residents andnature tourism operators but concerned, are schoolchildren where Toparticularly knowledge, regional increase http://www.metsa.fi/SIVUSTOT/METSA/EN/PROJECTS/STRUCTURALFUNDPROJECTS/CBCNATIONALPARKSOFBOTHIANBAY/Sivut/default.aspx Cross-Border Co-operationofNationalParksBothnianBay Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Saša Dolinšek City ofTornio, Finland County Administrative Board ofNorrbotten, Sweden Metsähallitus, Natural Heritage Ostrobothnia, Services Finland Lead partner:cityofHaparanda, Sweden Interreg IVA Nord 64 500EUR/38700 06/2013 -05/2014 regional and local the for cooperation. opportunity genuine the provide and management and to local economies. Feasibility study for join services address issues of land use planning cultural and heritage in protected natural areas is of relevant for management sustainable tourism use and contributing land in practices best and information of Exchange joint for study visitor Joint visionfor services. thefuture Feasibility co-operation actions. services). visitor areas, protected in heritage cultural and natural and cultural heritage, inventory methods and management practices of natural Exchangeinformationof best and practices(e.g.of in protection work fields of various protectionLand useplanning, ofnatural andcultural heritage, visitor services Bothnian Bay Cross-border co-operation between theonlymarinenational parks inBothnian Bay. - 73 -

II. II. - 74 - http://minehealth.eu/ MineHealth Here, we focus onEUinitiatives that have abearingonminingintheEuropean Arctic. there isaboomunderway ashighmarket pricesandimproved technology hastriggered action by mining. labour.skilled Yetof availabilitylimited and roads of environment,lack extremeremoteness, the complicatedby is It creation wealth for on opportunity as well an as as a both threat viewed to be people’s may livelihoods. industries Extracting resource extractive mineralscommunities, inthese theIn Arcticfelt. mostly is both challenging and expensive. for significant often national economies, it is in local Arcticis communities that the environmental, economic, andmining socio-cultural impacts are While society. and use land environment, physical the on impacts considerable have can mining consequences:contributes without Mining development,not economictodemand. growingto but global The European Arctic contains vast amounts of mineral resources. Mining activity in the Arctic is intensifying in response Mining intheEuropeanArctic Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Lage Burström SINTEF, Norway Norut Alta As,Norway University Hospital NorthNorway, Norway Northwest PublicHealthResearch Center, Russia Lapland University ofAppliedSciences,Finland Finnish Institute ofOccupational Health,Finland Medicine Clinical & Health Public of Occupational andEnvironmental Medicine, Sweden Department University Umeå partner: Lead Kolarctic ENPI CBC 2 979670EUR/955075 03/2012 -12/2014 region. society, and increase productivity and profitability in the mining industry in the Barents in the circumpolar region. The outcome can lead to lower costs for the enterprises and The project is relevant also outside the Barents region; as in other mining communities protective equipment. Promote work well-being, abilityandhealth. personal and clothing miner's arctic of Optimization actions. Learning material and education plans/programs as well as technical and administrative Environmental sciences,education andtraining. Barents Region region. and to adopt preventive measures for working in the mining industry within the Barents environmentthe with cope to how on knowledge increased by industry mining the in Providing long-term sustainability of well-being, health and work ability among workers http://www.ulapland.fi/InEnglish/Units/Faculty-of-Law/Research/Research-Projects/SUMILCERE Sustainable local communities Mining, andenvironmental regulation in Kolarctic area SUMILCERE Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Kai Kokko Center, Science Russia Murmansk,Russia Kola, the of North the of Problems Ecology Industrial the of Institute Northern Research Institute, Tromsø, Norway Luleå University ofTechnology, Norrbotten, Sweden, Lead partner:University ofLapland,Finland Kolarctic ENPI CBC 1 093704EUR 1/2013-12/2014 planned miningenterprises. the of impacts environmental and social of management to contributes project The the plannedminingenterprises. proceduresmethodology and for management environmentaland social of of impacts Indicatorscommunities. development socio-economic of the target in area. Suggested Recommendations to improve the socio-economic development of territories and local sustainableMining, development Barents Region investments; sustain research network collaboration. development; licensing, environmental regulation; contribute to the sustainable diminishing risks in global mining the achieving developedof using the enhance practices and recommendations sustainable for social for collaboration public-private Support - 75 -

II. II. - 76 - Fennoscandia ExplorationandMining Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Riitta Muhojoki Geological Survey ofSweden, Sweden County administrative Board ofNorrbotten, Sweden Lead partner:Regional CouncilofLapland,Finland Interreg IVANorth 105 164EUR/63064 05/2008 -05/2010 andvia Region the Barents organizing in the FEM conference to policy making inmining and business cooperation in the interest region increasing the reflects project The FEM conference Trade andindustry development Norway: Finnmark,Troms andNordland counties Finland: Lappland,NorthÖsterbotten andCentral Österbotten Malåand Norsjö inVästerbotten , county. of Skellefteå, municipalities the and county Norrbotten theFEM Sweden: with can continue which organisation/association conferences inthefuture withoutconsiderable publicfinance. an find or create To http://projects.gtk.fi/envimine/news/ Developing environmental andgeodynamical safety related to mineclosure intheBarents region ENVIMINE Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Kimmo Pietikäinen Kola MiningInstitute oftheAcademy ofScience,Russia Luleå University ofTechnology, Sweden Lead partner:Geological Survey ofFinland,Finland Kolarctic ENPICBC 635 318EUR/314292 04/2012-02/2014 Updated database from Finland,Sweden andRussiainselected study areas administration environmental and industry mineral between closure mine of practices Coordination Data andinformation onenvironmental impactsofmines environmentalMining, impactassessment Barents Region countries willbedeveloped aswell. the participating between studies environmental mining in cooperation and region, Developing innovative and environmentally safe methods for mine closure in the Barents - 77 -

II. II. - 78 - http://arcticngoforum.org ARCTIC NGOFORUM The following compilation features theEU’s actionsof relevance tosocialandcultural changes intheEuropean Arctic. decades. Thesechanges create bothopportunitiesandchallenges andoccuralonglocal, regional andgloballines. in coming to grow predicted are impacts its and locations, some in cultures and societies influences change Climate world markets are alsoimportant and drivers inArctic socialtransformation. Globalization rights. peoples’ indigenous of recognition and change cultural global policies, government accessibility, increased by driven is Change capacity. adaptive challenges change of magnitude and ratetoday’s yet Arctic societies – both indigenous and non-indigenous inhabitants – are considered to be highly resilient and adaptive, Social andCulturalChangesintheEuropeanArctic Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] John Crump: Oceana Northern Forum International Polar Foundation Indigenous Peoples Secretariat Greenpeace Friends oftheEarth /Norges Naturvernforbund Earthjustice Circumpolar Conservation Union Bellona Foundation Arctic Portal Alternatives North Alaska WildernessLeague Lead partners: GRID-Arendal (Norway) andECORYS (Netherlands) European CommissionDirectorate General for theEnvironment 2011 -2013 expert opiniononemerging issues. providing and awareness, raising interest, of common to areas attention directing in play to role a has circumpolar. theArctic. Forum or The regional national, of be may policies These development the sustainable to support Forum contributes that The policies of elaboration the policy-making. influencing and cooperation Promoting Policy advice,dialogue Environmental protection, sustainable development, community development Circumpolar community. Arctic global the issues to to advice provide and perspectives together,getand exchangeideas environmental Arctic with concerned (NGOs) organisations governmental non- for way a consistent to provide aims that initiative an is Forum NGO Arctic The http://fp7hunt.net/ Hunting for sustainability HUNT Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Justin Irvine The Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Department, Ethiopia The SchoolofBiological Sciencesat Aberdeen University, Scotland The Environmental Economics Research Group, University United Kingdom ofStirling, The ImperialCollege Conservation Sciencegroup, United Kingdom The Department ofPolitical Science,UmeåUniversity, Sweden The Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Norway The Faculty ofVeterinary Medicine,University ofZagreb, Croatia The University ofLjubljana,Slovenia Instituto deInvestigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Spain Institute ofEnvironmental Scienceand Technology, University ofBarcelona, Spain Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Tanzania Frankfurt Zoological Society –Africa, Germany Lead partner:TheJamesHutton Institute, United Kingdom 7th Framework Programme 3 841106EUR/2929300 11/2008 -04/2012 practices specific to Scandinavia have beenincludedinthe research. including mining. As institutions from Norway and Sweden were involved in the project, both regarding social and cultural changes as well as interactions context, with otherArctic land users, the in relevant highly was research the societies, Arctic in visible very use and institutional frameworkof land of hunting practices. As hunting is one of theactivities issues practices, hunting over conflicts values, environmental and economic The project included research on hunting as an activity connected with social, cultural, Academic publications, Insights for policyandpractice Environmental protection, sustainable development Europe (includingSweden andFinland),Africa Assessing the social, cultural, economic and ecological functions and impacts of hunting - 79 -

II. II. - 80 - http://www.barentsinfo.org/mediasphere#.UwBtSfmSySp Improving Cross-Border Communications Barents Mediasphere Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Virpi Komulainen Barents Press International BarentsObserver, Norway GTRK Murman,Russia Lead partner:Arctic Centre at theUniversity ofLapland,Finland Kolarctic ENPI CBC 899 730EUR/344096 08/2012 –12/2014 a vital component ingovernance ofsocialchanges. is which media, local supports also information.project The and practices knowledge, exchanging for networks regional of creation and cross-border Russia for with especially cooperation, need addresses project the Therefore, North. the in media the by for improving cooperation strengthening of cross-border information channels. The project also supporting contributes as a general support to communication and information flow within the Barents contributes region, thus development and project The cooperation. documentary; in assistance media and for offering desks by of journalists exchange practicalfor help marriages” “Mixed The developed. content Barents-related as Barentsinfo. with org such websites existing available; material interest human and and news programs training establishing inNordic forum professionalcourses Barentson related expertise journalists the for in region; working editors visibility Barents Arctic region monitored); Circumpolar briefings, countries and information information Barents Barents integrated, media, information European for guide Barents identifies, region Barents on information of (needs visibility region Barents Increased Journalism, communication Barents Region the region. media in the Barents region, and increases its visibility in media both inside and outside for mechanisms cooperation flexible create to aims project Mediasphere Barents The To improve cross-border communication and information flow within the Barents region. http://italappi.lappi.fi/salla-gate-business-and-tourism-partnership Salla Gate-BusinessandTourismPartnership Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Regis Rouge-Oikarinen Kemijärvi Development Ltd, Finland Administration of Terskiy District, Russia Administration ofthe Town Apatity, Russia Administration if Kovdor District, Russia Administration ofthe Kandalaksha District Municipality, Russia Kirovsk CityAdministration, Russia Lead partner:Local Federation of East Lapland,Finland Kolarctic ENPI CBC 1 993251EUR/388000 04/2012 -01/2015 contributes to stronger cross-border networks between businesses. project The communities. local of entrepreneurs of vulnerability economic the reducing is cooperation project the cross-border supporting By expertise. locally-based resource extraction through diversification of economic activities as well assupporting complementing development, tourism through extraction resource towards pressure the and sector primary on dependence economic of trend the addresses project The of thearea inthetravel markets. Training for sector. miningsupportservice knowhow of CBC. Increased cooperation in tourism. Improved Practical visibility and knowledge used. cooperation border cross with connection in development economic strategicforof Principles planning area.partnership Russian the in Enterpriseservices Tourism, mining Finnish East Lapland,MurmanskRegion, Happaranda key industries; tourism andsupportingservices for mining two in companies and entrepreneurs of network functioning a creating at Aims - 81 -

II. II. - 82 - http://www.ulapland.fi/Suomeksi/Yksikot/Kasvatustieteiden-tiedekunta/Tutkimus/Projektit-ja-tutkimushankkeet/A-School-For-All A Schoolforall-DevelopmentofinclusiveEducation Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Mare Rantaniemi TrainingIn-Service Institute for Education andCulture’, Russia Regional ‘Murmansk Education Vocational of Additional Institution Educational State Ministry of Education, ScienceandCulture ofArkhangelsk region, Russia Murmansk State HumanitiesUniversity, Russia Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Russia Lead partner:University ofLapland,Finland Kolarctic ENPI CBC 1 097063EUR/548531 08/2012 -12/2014 to whichiscalled for intheEUAIA report. The Arctic communities. of project addresses the needs of those vulnerable members of Arctic societies,and empowerment attention capital human Arctic enhancing for The project addresses the issue of rising role of education and research – a foundation inclusive education. A Resource Centre for Inclusive Education inArkhangelsk region. of Promotion packages. educational developed Jointly research. education in inclusive CBC Increased education. inclusive in experiences and of knowledge of Exchange Education, inclusive education North Calotte, North-West ofRussia their accessto andparticipation insociety Promoting educational opportunities of persons considered as vulnerable by increasing http://www.barentsinfo.org/barentsstudies/English International sciencejournal for theBarents Region Barents Studies Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Monica Tennberg Barents Institute at theUniversity of Tromsø, Norway of Sciences,Russia Luzin Institute for Economic Studies of the Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy Lead partner:Arctic Centre at theUniversity ofLapland,Finland Kolarctic ENPI CBC 393 733EUR/146912 12/2012 -12/2014 development ofregion-focus academic information channels. and cooperation cross-border supports project the region Barents the on information topical and latest knowledge scientific disseminating and providing By communities. and education research of - a foundation role for the enhancing Arctic human increasing capital and of empowerment of trend Arctic the facilitates and utilizes project The Issue #4-Popularized. Issue #3-Autumn2014Theme:Economic sustainability intheBarents Region Issue #2-Summer2014Theme:Socialsustainability intheBarents Region Issue #1-Winter 2013/2014Theme:Political sustainability intheBarents Region Research, sciencecommunication, regional cooperation Barents Region and economic context. purpose is to expand the understanding of the Barents Region in global, social, political Region by sharing topical scientific news through the new journal. At the same time the To promote research co-operation and popularization of research results in the Barents - 83 -

II. II. - 84 - http://www.nedaordym.fi/index.php/en/home Culture Tourism Project oftheIndigenous Peoples oftheNorth2010–2013 NÉDA Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Erkki Halmetoja Hotelli Korpikartano, Inari,Finland,Russia Nenets Russia Autonomous Okrug, Nenets Naryan-Mar, Naryan-Mar,Administration; District Nenets the of People Okrug, Indigenous of Department Autonomous Nenets the Russia Autonomous Okrug, of Centre Ethnocultural Okrug, Russia Autonomous Nenets Naryan-Mar, College, Socio-Humanitarian Naryan-Mar Manzara, Naryan-Mar, Nenets Russia Autonomous Okrug, Yasavey Centre Information and Research and Yasavey People Nenets of Association Lead partner:SámiEducation Institute, Finland Kolarctic ENPI CBC 1 000EUR/682503 11/2010 –07/2013 contributes to fostering economic diversification inthe area. hence and combining entrepreneurs and Sámi for support including business, and culture traditional cooperation cross-border supporting with corresponds project The and starting points by meansofnetworking, product development andtraining. perspective own peoples’ indigenous regions’ the from basis sustainable ecologically Create, develop and market culture and package tour services on ethnically, ethically and Culture, tourism, business Finnish SámiArea, Nenets Komi Autonomous Okrug, Republic. as administrative personnel involved in tourism. the needs of local indigenous people fromand to arisen educate have entrepreneurs that and products trainees as tourism well and The culture develop opportunities. to is investment objective concrete local expand and identity their consolidate regions, Komi and Nenets Sámi, the of appeal the enhance to is objective main project’s The Reindeer Hide-QualityHigh Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim Naryan-Mar, Russia Autonomous Non-Profit Organisation “Information-Research Centre, Yasavey Manzara, Alex Ltd. Arkhangelsk, Russia Lead partner:LapinNahka Oy, Finland Kolarctic ENPICBC n.k. /387520EUR 1/2013 –12/2014 and activities through enhancing sustainable economic development oftraditional activities. identity traditional livelihood on based and entrepreneurship resilience local strengthening community to contributes project The processing hide reindeer in investments micro equipment. and training includes project The North-West Russia reindeer among processing owners andslaughterhouses hide inNorth-West Russia. reindeer raw in know-how and methods Improve - 85 -

II. II. - 86 - http://www.esf.org/coordinating-research/eurocores/completed-programmes/boreas.html BOREAS Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Dr. Rüdiger Klein Naryan-Mar, Russia Autonomous Non-Profit Organisation “Information-Research Centre, Yasavey Manzara, Alex Ltd. Arkhangelsk, Russia Lead partner:LapinNahka Oy, Finland National Science Foundation, United States Royal Academy ofLetters, History andAntiquities, Sweden Polish Academy ofScience,Poland Research CouncilofNorway, Norway The IcelandicCentre for Research, Iceland Academy of Finland,Finland Estonian ScienceFoundation, Estonia Danish Agency for Science,Technology andInnovation, Denmark Social SciencesandHumanities Research CouncilofCanada(SSHRC), Canada European ScienceFoundation 5 000EUR 2006 -2009 and family structures, enhances understanding in ofNorthern history. changes migration, policies, crucial state change: issues social Arctic addressing for cooperation, cross-border scientific supports project The • UMCN-Understanding Migration intheCircumpolar North and northernCanada Finland from Evidenceprehistory: Nordic in environment the and Change - SCENOP • from Norway,Iceland, andCanada Accounts Geographical and Social Narratives: Northern - NORSAGA • of Uses Competing North: Russian the in Religiosity after Socialism Movements Religious New - NEWREL • in the Resettlement Circumpolar North and Relocation on Perspectives State: the by Moved - MOVE • • HHH-Home,Hearth,andHouseholdintheCircumpolar North Century Arctic Science • CEE - Colony, Empire, Environment: A Comparative International History of Twentieth 7 Collaborative Research Projects: publications Narratives (BOREAS),”Environments,Movements, – North the from “Histories Report Social, natural andmedical sciences. Circumpolar North sciences through innovative collaboration between Europe, the US, Canada and Russia. to collaborate more effectively and offers synergies between social, natural and medical BOREAS as a coordinated programme of research on the North enabled the humanities http://yie.act4region.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3&Itemid=3&lang=en Young InnovativeEntrepreneurs Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Saila Vaara Association ofHigher Education in Eastern Norrbotten, Haparanda, Sweden Länsipohjan yrittäjät, Finland The NorthChamberofCommerce andIndustry, Murmansk,Russia Murmansk State Technical University, Russia Murmansk State HumanitiesUniversity, Russia Rovaniemi MunicipalFederation of Education/RUAS, Finland Socium+”, Russia Union and Scientific-Research Innovation, “Education, partnership Non-commercial Barentssekretariatet, Norway Finland Lead partner: Kemi-Tornionlaakso Municipal Education and Training Consortium Lappia, Kolarctic ENPICBC 1 365940EUR/485523 03/2012 -12/014 in peripheral Northernregions. people to work and live in the North, tackling the key challenges faced by rural societies The project provides support for young entrepreneurship, and thus, encourages young Mentoring programme, matchmaking conferences Entrepreneurship, education andtraining. Barents Region and the development enhance will that implementation of innovative system business support ideas across wide the borders a region by young entrepreneurs of Creation - 87 -

II. II. - 88 - http://bcbu.oulu.fi/ Barents Cross Border University Development Project BCBU+ Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Tarja Orjasniemi Luleå University ofTechnology, Sweden UniversityNarvik College, Russia Petrozavodsk State University, Russia Northern State Medical University, Russia Murmansk State Pedagogical University, Russia Murmansk State Technical University, Russia Karelian State Pedagogical Academy, Republic ofKarelia, Russia Arkhangelsk State Technical University, Russia Pomor State University, Arkhangelsk. Russia Lead partner:University ofLapland,Finland Kolarctic ENPICBC 944 576EUR/366324EUR 04/2011- 4/2013 research and development initiatives through academic partnership across the education, borders.strengthens and well-being, and research and education of role the enhances project The health work, (social fields four environmental engineeringandinformation systems) in programmes Degree Master Education, academic exchange Barents Region academic cooperation Cross-Border promoting by Region Barents the of development the to contributeTo AgroPark Alakurtti Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Svetlana Ivanova Department ofAgribusinessandVeterinary ofNenets Autonomous District, Russia Murmansk Regional Employment Agency, Russia State regional unitary enterprise “Tuloma”, Russia Committee ofagribusinessand food market intheMurmansk region, Russia Administration of Kandalaksha district municipality, Russia Village settlement Alakurtti of Kandalaksha district, Russia Proagria Lappiry, Finland Municipality ofSalla,Finland Hushållningssällskapet Rådgivning Nord AB, Sweden Medium BusinessSupportAgency”, Russia Lead Partner: Autonomous non-commercial organisation “Murmansk Regional Small & Kolarctic ENPICBC 2 798928EUR/343660 12/2013-12/2014 entrepreneurship culture. supporting and sector non-extractive of development area,via economy business local diversifying SME developing by resilience community to contributes project The management, Increased attractiveness ofthe project areas forvisitors, investors, inhabitants waste leisure, and sport municipal cooperation entrepreneurship, agriculture, Tourism, Alakurtti, Russia Promotion of sustainable socialandeconomic development - 89 -

II. II. - 90 - North Calottetransports Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Bo-Erik Ekblom National RailAdministration, Futurum PortofNarvik, Participats: Ostbothnia, Northern The Lapland, of of Council Council Regional Regional Lead Partner/Applicant: County Administrative Board ofNorrbotten Interreg IV/ANorth 253800 /108600 08/2008-06/2011 under- on much especially region, Calotte for developed East-West axis. environment North administrative/network in creating accessibility to of improvement contribute to is project The Supporting intra-North Calotte connections. area. Calotte North the in facilities transport sustainable for Conducting activities possibilities develop that possibilities. transport for better needs basic identify to order in administration railway and authorities regionalindustry, of network a Establishing Transport, Environment North Calotte Area, Norway, Sweden, Finland Improving accessibility for sustainable transport facilities intheNorthCalotte area http://indigee.org/ Indigenous entrepreneurship Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Anders Blom International Barents secretariat Norwegian SamiNational Association Suoma SámiGuovddassearvi SSG Lead partner:Swedish SamiNational Association (SSR) InterregIVANorth/Sapmi 953 298EUR/228055EUR 06/2010 -12/2011 contributing to strengthening ofpan-Samiidentity among youngpeople. the tackles industries indigenous on out-migration.youth cross-borderproblem of Sami cooperation, also Project supports based businesses build to them encouraging and people young on Focusing developments. cultural Sami and identities indigenous supports entrepreneurshipNorth, the of projectcontributesin building cultureto The also offered ongoing businessadvicethroughout theproject. arranged.Participantshavebeen seminars conferencesdevelopmentthree Three and Entrepreneurship Barents Region region for indigenous peoples'own conditions the Barents in Barents the outside and inside traditions and culture indigenouspromote and region, peoples indigenous between cooperation strengthen communities, in the Barents region, creating jobs for people belonging to indigenous peoples in their entrepreneurs indigenous between relationships business strong creating region, the of development the in peoples indigenous include to is project the of aim main The - 91 -

II. II. - 92 - http://indigee.org/ Indigee 2 Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Lars MiguelUtsi Public Association ofNenets peopleinNenets Autonomous Okrug, Yasavey International Barents Secretariat Norske samers Rikförbund SOGSAKK Lead partner:Swedish SamiNational Association (SSR) InterregIVANorth/Sapmi 1 770849EUR/379597EUR 10/2012 -06/2014 contributing to strengthening ofpan-Samiidentity among youngpeople the tackles industries indigenous on out-migration.youth cross-borderproblem of Sami cooperation, also Project supports based businesses build to them encouraging and people young on Focusing developments. cultural Sami and identities indigenous supports entrepreneurshipNorth, the of projectcontributesin building cultureto The Participants alsoare offered ongoing businessadvicethroughout the project Group work inworkshops Conferences Entrepreneurship Barents Region up to Indigenous entrepeneurship. The project aims to encourage successful business based on indigenous values. Follow- Before andovertheborders–long-termchangesinSamisociety Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Elisabeth Pirak-Kuoljok Universitetet iNordland, Bodø Luleå tekniska universitet Umeå universitet Centrum för samiskforskning Àrran –lulesamiskt centrum Lead partner:Àjtte, svenskt fjäll-ochsamemuseum InterregIVANorth/Sapmi 411 917EUR/137747 01/2012 -06/2014 changes andlandusechanges andconflicts intheNorth. landscape is one of key challenges in understanding the implications of current cultural and culture between interaction the of understanding The landscape. of use the with interconnectedsociety Sami within change cultural of issues the takesup project The Cultural heritage andarts,education Nothern Norway, NorthernSweden the useofcultural landscape, from prehistoric tillmoderntimes. in reflected are society the in changes cultural how study to is project the of aim The - 93 -

II. II. - 94 - http://www.economusee.eu Craft International Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Mr. Terje Inderhaug Teagasc (Agriculture andFood Development Authority),Ireland Jämtland County, Sweden Greenland Tourism andBusinessCouncil,Greenland Causeway Coast andGlensHeritage Trust, NorthernIreland The Research Center for SocialDevelopment, Faroe Islands Innovation Center Iceland,Iceland The Economusee Society Network, Canada Lead partner: County Council,Norway Northern Periphery Programme 1 715641EUR/888249,80EUR 07/2011 -03/2014 development. Important part of the project is support for cultural heritage and innovative ways of its industries, creative supporting areas, tourism remote and recreation, in and innovation therefore, economic promotes diversification project and smart specialization.The 3 regional tourism strategies 8 new Economusee, Tourism, recreation, cultural heritage, languages Northern Periphery Area selected andbadged artisanbusinesses To use integrated visitor/local sales/e-sales activities to improve chances of survival for http://www.darraproject.eu Digital Age in Rural andRemote Areas DARRA Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Janne Hirvonen University ofLimerick,Ireland Rovaniemi Regional Development Agency, Finland Western Norway Research Institute, Norway Sogn ogFjordane County Governor, Norway Shannon Development, Ireland Ireland European Regions Network for the Application of Communications Technology, ERNACT, Federation ofPrivate Enterprises Västernorrland, Sweden Mid Sweden University, Sweden The Association ofLocal Authoritiesin Västernorrland, Sweden Kainuun Etu Oy, Finland Joint AuthorityofKainuu Region, Finland Lead partner:Kemi-Tornio University ofAppliedSciences,Finland NorthernPeriphery Programme 1 423789EUR/833024EUR 01/2008 -12/2010 contributing to local entrepreneurship andlocal interconnectedness rural areas, and populated enterprises medium and small sparsely for and sector public for effective solutions developing the in connectivity ICT supported project The tool (measurement each of e-ladder needs development company. real an the up with bring to indicated tool DARRA-project) been in developed have maturity ICT of Level Electronic Invoicing ande-Invoicing Calculator Information and communications technology Northern Periphery Area Closing thedigital dividebetween sparsely populated /rural areas andurbanareas - 95 -

II. II. - 96 - http://www.creativeyouth.eu Northern Creative Youth NoCry Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Mr. Kaj Kostiander The Nerve Centre, NorthernIreland Rovaniemi University ofAppliedSciences,Finland PowerHouse, MunicipalityofKramfors, Sweden Norut Tromsø AS,Norway Moray College, Scotland MediaEnter -StudyCentre, MunicipalityofKramfors, Sweden Luleå University ofTechnology, Department for MusicandMedia,Sweden Faroe IslandsEnterprise (Samvit), Faroe Islands Entrepreneurship Training Centre Intotalo, Finland Lead partner:Kemi-Tornio University ofAppliedSciences,Finland NorthernPeriphery Programme 1 807643EUR/035107EUR 01/2008 -06/2010 way encouraging youth to live andbeactive intheNorth this activism, entrepreneurship and youth Supporting people. young the of especially problems, social combating diversification, economic industries, creative for Support Regional creative incubator pilots been finalisedandthe results and experinces are beingassessed distances have over co-production with training Tour,experimentalfilm the as well as Road the programme, education management cultural international experimental An The first versionwww.incubiz.eu ofthe onlineplatform Creative industries, visualandperforming arts,design,media Northern Periphery Area creative industry NPP areato and provide better understanding potential business the of that the in lies Improving and supporting the entrepreneurial competence among young artists in the http://www.facebook.com/northernCREATIVEyouth2 http://www.creativeyouth.eu NorthernCreative Youth2 NoCry2 Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Ewa Billmark The Nerve Centre, NorthernIreland Troms County (Troms fylkeskommune), Norway Kemi-Tornio University ofAppliedScience,Finland Lead Partner: PowerHouse, MunicipalityofKramfors, Sweden NorthernPeriphery Programme 992 907.93EUR/575480.39EUR 01/2011 -12/2013 way encouraging youth to live andbeactive intheNorth. this activism, entrepreneurship and youth Supporting people. young the of especially problems, social combating diversification, economic industries, creative for Support A businesshubfor/with young entrepreneur was started project issupported themunicipalityofHarstad, by e.g. Norway. new The project. the in involved creatives young the and partners NoCry2 Plastelina, experimental new a of start House- yrkesopplæringskontor, the Youth Troms the between project cross-collaboration As 2013. February in wasofficially Norway Harstad,youth in opened creative for/with arena multi the regional A and StudioNoCry-Norway: entrepreneur NoCry2 a by developed animation created by anentrepreneur site at theNerve Centre, NorthernIreland. Conference Annual NPP The Two International Seminar/Gatherings, Various workshops/ tutorials/ coaching session and integrated withtheprojects othersocialmediachannels collaboration between existing youth clusters /community members, partly connected The Cloud Creative Community established as a closed Facebook community for on-line A prototype for aninteractive thebusinesssupportservice; multi web-shop Creative industries, visualandperforming arts,design,media Northern Periphery Area for young creative entrepreneurs andSMEs opportunities business and conditions better create to catalyst a as industry creative growth and employment in rural and remote areas of the northern periphery, using the for potential the to increase objective overall the with collaboration, multidisciplinary and approach entrepreneurial entrepreneurship, youth promoting and Encouraging - 97 -

II. II. - 98 - http://www.ourfuture.eu Our Life asElderly–implementation OLE 2 Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Ms. Anna-LenaSvensson Institution Care Naerverkid, ofPrimary Services, Faroe Islands Health Care Center andCommunityHospital ofSoutheast Iceland Municipality ofHafnarfjördur, Iceland Department ofSocialServices, The Nursing HomesinAkureyri, Iceland The CityofOulu,Finland Association of Faroese Municipalities, Faroe Islands Municipalilty ofBodø, Dep.OfHealthandSocialCare, Norway Lead partner:CityofLuleå,Sweden NorthernPeriphery Programme 2 003371EUR/1074704EUR 06/2008 -05/2011 specific experience todevelopinnovative also strongly The supportsproject solutions. of exchange Arctic- The follow-up project tackles demographic challenges of Northern regions by attempting employment system. and school in our prospects long-term with communication proactive for function A A system for property bankconcerning adapted housingfor seniorcitizen A property solutiontype“vintagefor +55 housing” A comprehensive modelfor physical andinformal meeting places for elderlyinsociety likewww.lulesenior.se andwww.eldri.fo meetingweb platformA based citizen senior for withon focus transnational solutions, A system for Safe Medication. in thecare chain. A functional system for a better-coordinated health care between respective providers Solutions for integrated andpermanent staff development. in professions for care. A concept of “ambassadors” for a better long-term general marketing of existing careers Demographics (youth, senior, women, indigenous), socialinclusion Northern Periphery Area a product format for easy useby othermunicipalities Defining and implementing actual changes the four different project areas. Developing http://www.recruitandretain.eu Recruitment andRetention ofHealthCare Providers andPublicSector Workers in Remote Rural Areas Recruit andRetain Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Deanne Gilbert Cooperation and Working Together (CAWT), NorthernIreland Northern Ontario School ofMedicine,Canada The University CourtoftheUniversity ofAberdeen, Centre for Rural Health,Scotland + Health Care Center,Centre Sweden Medical &Disaster Emergency Västerbotten, of council County Helse FinnmarkHealthTrust, Norway FSA University Hospital, Iceland The Agency ofHealthandProtection, Greenland Lead partner:NHSWestern Isles,Scotland NorthernPeriphery Programme 2 997271.68EUR/1976409.23EUR 06/2011 -06/2014 rural the in development social challenges and northern peripheries key demographics the life, of of quality one with areas, connected remote in service-delivery supports project The Human resources, education, employment, capacity building Northern Periphery Area encouraged, trained andsupported to work inaremote rural community To put in place mechanisms whereby front line health care providers can be identified, - 99 -

II. II. - 100 - http://www.roadex.org ROADEX Network Implementing Accessibility ROADEX IV Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Krister Palo Norwegian PublicRoads Administration, Norway Property andEmergency Agency, Greenland Icelandic PublicRoad Administration, Iceland Swedish Forest Agency, Luleå,Sweden National Roads Authority, Ireland Department of Transport, Ireland Forestry CommissionScotland, Scotland Western IslesCouncil,Scotland Highland Council,Scotland Finnish Road Administration, Finland Lead partner:Swedish Transport Administration, Sweden NorthernPeriphery Programme 2 163473.36EUR/1194205.20EUR 07/2009 -06/2012 supports project The users. few is by which characterised exchange ofArctic-specific is experiences. infrastructure but of region development the of for necessary problem regions Northern for typical The project addresses the issue of accessibility in remote regions and tackles challenges ROADEX E-learning –Four ROADEX e-learninglessonsare beingwritten: RE3 “Vibration in vehicles andhumansdue to road condition”. ofroads”.RE2 “Widening RE1 “Climate change anditsconsequences onthemaintenance oflow volume roads”. The Research Projects: D6 “HealthandVibration” D5 “Roads onPeat” D4 “Rutting, from theory to practice” D2 “Road friendlyvehicles andTPC” D2 “Road friendlyvehicles andTPC” D1 “Drainage Maintenance Guidelines” The Demonstration Projects: The ROADEX Consultancy Transport, logistics, infrastructure Northern Periphery Area of climate change andincreasing environmental awareness Periphery low volume public roads, Northern forest on roads innovations and privateand techniquesroads ROADEXwithin the of framework use everyday the encourageTo http://www.ltu.se/centres/eic/Avslutade-projekt/MyHealth-Age-1.90415?l=en MyHealth@Age -Improved Health,Safety andWell-being for ElderlyPeople livinginNorthernPeriphery regions MyHealth@Age Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Lennart Isaksson University ofUlster, Londonderry, NorthernIreland Luleå University ofTechnology, Sweden Southern HealthandSocialCare Trust Ulster ,NorthernIreland Social Welfare Department ofTromsø, Norway North Norway HF, of Norway Hospital University Telemedicine, and Care Integrated for Centre Norwegian The Municipality ofBoden,Sweden NorthernPeriphery Programme 1 527678EUR/891993 01/2008 -12/2010 innovation developments andICT supports project the time same the In services. health including services, accessing of difficulties possible with faced are out-migration by troubled areas rural in especially The project addresses challenges of one of region’s vulnerable groups, the elderly, who, feel confident usingthat, theotherproducts are andservices released. end-usersthe Network. When insteadSocial sitebegin with Ireland trial Northern The these with comfortable are end-users the products, theSocialNetwork product can beintroduced. as soon As moment. the at product the evaluate end-users the and released been has functionality Alarm Safety Mobile The usage. At the Swedish trial site, daily life usage has started with Prescribed Healthcare. productsThe have developed. been Education/training has started as trial field as well researchers. co-operation between healthcare people, elderly and welfare staff,ICT and companies close in prototype a developed and requirements the specified far so has project The Emergency, natural disasters, riskprevention, health Northern Periphery Area each individualsspecificneedsandcircumstances on based people elderly safety-,to applications network treatment-social self and prescribedprovide to possible it makes that platform product modular new a Creating - 101 -

II. II. - 102 - http://www.ryeproject.eu Rural Youth Entrepreneurship RYE Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Eamon McMullan The Advantage Foundation, NorthernIreland Kajaani University ofAppliedSciences,Finland The Research Center for SocialDevelopment, Faroe Islands Qeqqata BusinessCouncil,Greenland Lead partner:NorthernIreland Rural Development Council,NorthernIreland NorthernPeriphery Programme 904 563EUR-517546 09/2011 -03/2014 people, theproject addresses demographic challenges intheNorth. young on focusing By development. rural for necessary mass critical a building thus, and facilitating areas, rural entrepreneurshipcontributetoremote to in is project The Initial context analysis undertaken & gap analysis currently being compiled Business development, trade, marketing Northern Ireland, Faroe Islands,FinlandandGreenland by stimulating latent entrepreneurial abilitiesamong youngpeople To contribute to local, regional, national and transnational rural economic development http://www.tg4np.eu/ Tourist Guidefor NorthernPeriphery TG4NP Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Ellinor Berglund Western Norway Research Institute, Norway Greenland Tourism andBusinessCouncil,Greenland Luleå University ofTechnology, Sweden Ireland European Regions Network for the Application of Communications Technology, ERNACT, Kemi-Tornio University ofAppliedScience,Finland North Karelian University ofAppliedSciences,Finland Regional CouncilofNorthKarelia, Finland West Regional Authority(WRA),Ireland University ofUlster, Londonderry, NorthernIreland Icelandic Centre for Retail Studies,Iceland Lead partner:Skellefteå Municipality, Sweden NorthernPeriphery Programme 2 455798EUR/1448461EUR 06/2010 -09/2013 accessibility andconnectivity. of problems addresses project The heritage. natural and cultural of development the and tourism) on (focusing North the in diversification economic supports project The Tourist guideapplications Northern Periphery Programme Northern Periphery Area mobile ofmultimodal help the with information services. destinations heritage natural and cultural in To support tourism industry of peripheral regions by enhancing the visitors’ experiences - 103 -

II. II. - 104 - http://ador.ru/innovations/kolarctic/ Barents LowVolumeRoadManagement Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim h Sae raiain f h Mras Rgoa RoadAdministration Regional [email protected] Murmansk the Svatkova Elena of Organization (Russia) “Murmanskavtodor” State The Lapland Centre for Economic Development, Transport andtheEnvironment (Finland) (Russia) Arkhangelskavtodor” Agency “Road Region Arkhangelsk State the OrganizationThe of Lead partner:ADCLtd. (OOOAvtoDor Consulting), Russia Kolarctic ENPICBC 399 567EUR/199784EUR 01/2011 -7/2013 and supportscross-border cooperation withRussia characterisedregionis but fewby users.project toThe developis innovative solutions the for necessary is which infrastructure of management i.e. areas, these for typical The project addresses the issue of accessibility in remote regions and to tackles a the users challenge with dialogue increase outputsoftheroad sector. developing client-orientation, sector road Improvinf 4. and to addressed approach road maintenance accurate solutions(basedonbetter diagnostics) costly (too general from Shifting 3. good road structure healthwithin theNorthernconditions 2. Road drainage improvement as one of the priority actions and essential condition of among road defects maintenance road of engineers (relationship between the reason andthesequence/problem) diagnostics visual of skills developing 1. (problem prevention) by: Shifting from reactive management (elimination of existing problems) to proactive one to increase professionalism oftheRussianroad engineers N(A)FU in lectures professionalseminars, media, mass via results ProjectDisseminate Region territories. Barents the of development economic and social for effect” “border of elimination to Increaseprofessionalism engineersthroughof know-how transfer contributethus and Russian to beaccessiblefor theRussianengineers. into translated were materials and reports of amount significant Projects, 1998-2012 into Russiandatabase ofROADEX Increase of informational resource of Russian engineers through access to the translated Challenge №3–climate change Challenge №2–allyear round road usage Challenge №1–heavier transport loadsonroads – 3. There isastrong needto beready to address challenges ofnearfuture: adaptation to Russian conditions are developed. its with database ROADEX from practices tried-and-true on recommendations The 2. 1.The problems ofRussianlowvolume roads are identified Road maintenance Lapland, Murmansk,Arkhangelsk, Karelia Testing andestablishing new solutionsandinnovations adapted to local conditions Barents Logistics2 Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Ulla Lehtinen The Ministry ofEconomic Development oftheMurmanskregion, Russia Port ofKemi, Finland Port ofOulu,Finland Socium+´, Russia Union and Scientific-Research Innovation, “Education, partnership Non-commercial Russia and Gas Specialists´, Oil of for Training Centre “Arctic organization Non-commercial Association ofSuppliers for OilandGasIndustry “Murmanshelf´,Russia Luleå University ofTechnology, Industrial Logistics, Sweden University ofOulu,OuluBusinessSchool,Finland(leadpartner) Kolarctic ENPI CBC 1.7 M€ 2011-2013 resource from developments expected as benefit not will region that risk a creates expertise local benefit more to of lack where industries, extractive of case regions the in especially the Northern developments, the from allowing thereby logistics, of management activitiesbecomeincreasinglygrowth requiring importantindustriesand tothe in due The project is to develop local competence in the area of logistics, which is expected to education, seminars Publications, Master thesis, Practice-related courses for expertise in logistics. Vocational Logistics, research andtraining Barents Region universities and educationalinstitutions together withpublic and business organizations the between co-operation educational deepen and competencies Tologistics develop - 105 -

II. II. - 106 - ArctiChildren InNet-EmpoweringSchoole-HealthModelintheBarentsRegion Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Eiri Sohlman University ofLapland Kemi-Tornio University ofAppliedSciences Northern Arctic Federal University Murmansk State HumanitiesUniversity Finnmark University College Luleå University ofTechnology Lead partner:Rovaniemi University ofAppliedSciences Kolarctic ENPI CBC 1 325503EUR 03/2012 -12/2014 throughoutservices theEuropean Arctics projects similar term, long maycreate significantlycritical mass a life improving of quality the via better access to the In users. youngest the for remote addressing ICT, arising from regions opportunities underdeveloped still far so addresses project The Empowering school e-HealthModeldeveloped New interventions/practices created atthree levels activity 4. in described levels three the at implemented be will practices and interventions new Build up an ICT environment (i.e website, virtual environment) where needs andbenchmarking the dialogue with and use, attitudes ICT process to develop schoole-Healthande-Learningapplications actual the assess to study Action an empowering schoole-Health/e-Learningmodel A cross-border framereference of createdthe project about cooperation for achieving Systems andSocialServices Health of Development Health, Adolescent and Child applications, Technologies (ICT) Barents Region cultural identity and through Information security andCommunication andwell-being, health spiritual and social emotional, psychological, psychical, schoolchildren´s the of challenges common the improve To The BarentsFreeway Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Ulla Alapeteri Arkhangelsk Avtodor Transport Agency oftheArkhangelsk Murmansk Avtodor Murmansk Regional Ministry ofT&C Finnmark Fylkeskommune Troms Fylkeskommune Nordland Fylkeskommune Norbotten County Administration Regional CouncilofLapland Lapland ELY Centre Kolarctic ENPICBC 1,4 M€ 09/2012 -12/2014 transport strategy iskey inenhancingNorth-Northconnectivity. regional of Development improvements. for proposalstargeted of series a via region Barents the in connectivity and accessibility of challenge the addressed projects The a modelof of implementation and be a multi-component interests equipmentto procurement modal and cal national, Strategy of Transport synthesis Region Barents the of Introduction Transport logistics Barents Region into acommon Barents Region Transport Strategy Integrating current transport strategies, plans and projects of each participating country - 107 -

II. II. - 108 - The NorthernBeauty Contacts involved partners and Institutions Funding source granted funding EU / Totalbudget Period Relevance Output Disciplines involved Geographical scope Main aim [email protected] Tuija Hautala-Hirvioja Sámi Center for Contemporary Art,Finnmark,Norway Murmansk regional artmuseum,MurmanskOblast, Murmansk,Russia Konsthallen, Luleå,Norrbotten, Sweden Arts Promotion Centre Finland, Regional OfficeofLapland, Rovaniemi, Finland Kemi ArtMuseum,Kemi, Lapland,Finland Lead Partner University ofLapland,Rovaniemi, Lapland,Finland Kolarctic ENPI CBC 617 498EUR 04/2012 –12/2014 anddeveloping and protecting identity regional cultural heritage.of regional development to contributing Russia, with especially borders, across cooperation and arts visual Northern Support 5. Project management performed andevaluation done. materials) and promotional articles DVD, developed anddisseminated. reviews, (publication, results Project 4. 3. Future cooperation master plandeveloped. and workshops organised andperformed. symposiums research art joint and exhibition Culture and TransferableArt 2. Barents place. in is region Barents the of institutions cultural and art researchers, art of Network 1. Visual Arts Barents Region history art and arts visual concerning especially culture, and arts in co-operation Enhancing - 109 -

II.

Chapter cover image: Sperm whale diving into water. Photo: GettyImages * Government agencyand notministry. III.1 PROCESSES:EUANDEEAARCTICCOUNTRIES’POLICIES UNION COUNTRIES III. STRUCTURALINITIATIVESOFEUROPEAN 2. EEA state 1. EEA state 2 1 Norway United Kingdom Poland The Netherlands Germany France Sweden Finland Iceland Kingdom of Denmark Country 2 1

Office Foreign andCommonwealth Ministry ofForeign Affairs Ministry ofForeign Affairs Federal Foreign Office Scientific Research* The National Center for Ministry ofForeign Affairs Prime Minister’s Office Ministry ofForeign Affairs Ministry ofForeign Affairs Parliament Authority releasing document UK Policy Towards theArctic Council to Swedish Presidency oftheArctic Statement ofMinister M.Szpunar (Summary ofDutch(Summary document) and thePolar Regions, 2011-2015 Policy Framework: TheNetherlands opportunities Assume responsibility, seize Germany’s Arctic policyguidelines: Prospective recherches polaires Region Sweden’s Strategy for theArctic Finland’s Arctic Strategy Strategy for theArctic 2011-2020 Islands: Kingdom ofDenmark Denmark, Greenland andtheFaroe strategies The HighNorth:Visionsand Iceland’s Arctic Policy A Parliamentary Resolution on Title oflatest document 2013 2012 2012 2013 2012 2011 2013 2011 2011 2011 Date of release - 113 -

5. 5. extension ofStation substantial North innorthernmost Greenland. the for grant a received University Aarhus 2013, early In Greenland. of government the by owned n scr booia dvriy Te Kangerlussuaq of Mittarfeqarfiit/Greenland Airports, The environment diversity. the facility, (KISS) Support subsidiary International Science a biological protect to secure as and well as around and Greenland of in resources anassessment living the for of use sustainable basis scientific the provide to intended are institute the through and by undertaken Initiatives Pâmiut. R/V and Sanna R/V vessels research the and Kobbefjord at station field the for responsible - 114 - 9. arctic.au.dk/ ger-forskningsstation-i-nordgroenland/ 8.scitech.au.dk/en/current-affairs/news/show/artikel/aarhus-universitet-byg- 7. www.zackenberg.dk/ 6. geo.ku.dk/english/research/field_station/ 5. arktiskstation.ku.dk/english/about/ 4. www.mit.gl/ ([email protected]) 3. www.natur.gl/en/ 2. www.mfa.fo/Files/Filer/fragreidingar/kunningarfaldari-eng8.pdf 1. InformationhasbeenupdatedtoendofMarch2014 (ARC), Centre Research Arctic the hosts also University Aarhus is Resources, Natural of Institute Greenland Education The and Research especially in the context of fisheries and climate change. Arctic an active strategy,has but initiatives, institutional The Faroe Islands have negligible Arctic infrastructural or place at thenegotiating tableofthe Arctic Council. its regained 2013) the (August recently of and Realm, part Danish is Greenland EU. the with arrangements so- the called of Overseas one Countries is and Territoriesbut member with EU association an not is Greenland KINGDOM OFDENMARK COUNTRIES EUROPEAN UNIONARCTIC III.2 INSTITUTIONS: reln. ahs nvriy prts Zackenberg operates Station, Research University Aarhus Greenland. et reln. h Uiest o Cpnae also Sermilik Copenhagen the maintains of University The Greenland. west central in DiskoIsland the of coast south the on locatedStation Arctic year-round of the maintains University Copenhagen The universities. by maintained mostly are Denmark from operated infrastructures Research to theinlandicecap. western Greenland, serves as an important logistical hub The Faroes are notpartoftheEuropean Union. f Greenland. of the government by owned institution, research major 9 an institutional initiative launched in 2012. The in2012. launched initiative institutional an 3 Located in Nuuk, the institute is also is institute the Nuuk, in Located 7 located in North-East Greenland and Greenland North-East in located 1 6 summer station in South East South in station summer 4 at Kangerlussuaq,

a 8 2 5

design and their interaction. Additionally, it is assigned is Additionally, it interaction. their and design populations, communities, the Arctic environment, and art on and research conducts It Union. European the in The University of Lapland is the northernmost university and physics. research, for example in the fields of geology, geography Helsinki of University Arctic considerableFinnish percentagea forof accounts The Finland. northern in units effecting –development inthe Arctic. – and affecting generateknowledge also that industries key the of one exploration, mineral and oil to support infrastructural essential provides it such As settlements. Greenlandic between and Greenland from and to cargo sea all of transportation the for exclusiveconcession an has infrastructure. It specific non-research a of example Greenland Founded in 1992, the Royal Arctic Line A/S Line Arctic Royal the 1992, in Founded Industry Institute, Meteorological Danish the include area focus distinct a as Arctic the include which state-runinstitutions Danish State has been in thelongrun. possibility department a the into turn may Centre the that articulated time-limited, currently interdisciplinary is joint, on focusses research campaigns. Although funding for the institution Centre Partnership Science the Arctic and an of in the University (Canada) and Manitoba Resources Natural of Institute Greenland the with agreement partnership a has ARC 18. www.utu.fi/en/Pages/home.aspx 17. www.oulu.fi/english/ 16. www.ulapland.fi/InEnglish 15. www.helsinki.fi/university/ 14. appmech.aalto.fi/en/department/facilities_and_equipment/infras/ 13. www.royalarcticline.com/ 12. www.gst.dk/English/ 11. www.geus.dk/ 10. www.dmi.dk/en/about-the-dmi/profile/introduction-to-dmi/ hydrodynamic of conditions. range ice-free in wide phenomena a of study the enables which tank, testing ice multipurpose a Tank, Ice Aalto the also operates University Aalto trade. international in engaged companies for opportunities business major research areas, are both important to Finland as it offers key navigation, and winter technology apriority. maritime Arctic is technology Arctic Engineering, of School and development related to the Arctic. Education At Several Finnish universities Aalto have focus areas on research University’s and Research FINLAND Helsinki, 15 10 Lapland, h Gooia Sre o Dnak and Denmark of Survey Geological the 11 andtheDanishGeodata Agency. 16 Oulu 17 and Turkuand 14 The universities of universities The 18 operate research 12 13 is an is exhibition activities and expert duties related tothe related duties Arctic and Barents Euro-Arctic Council. and expert information, scientific activities role exhibition of nationwide dissemination Its the region. the includes in law minority environmentaland and development sustainable global change, with concerned is Lapland, of University the at University of the Arctic International Secretariat , the houses also Lapland of University The Information. Arctic for Centre EU the as itself establish to seeking is Sciences Applied of University Rovaniemi The regions. northern the in teachers and students researchers, of exchange the promote network the to belonging universities Arctic countries. The the of and institutions educational polytechnics other universities, the between network cooperation the of administration the for responsible is Institute The university’s Thule The culture. and language Saami the in education science. Institute of Giellagas fields several science in international issues an is Arctic and northern into research in Oulu engaged university of University The hospitability industry. Technology of University Luleå the with collaboration in established 21. 20. www.beac.st/in-English/Barents-Euro-Arctic-Council 19. www.arcticcentre.org/InEnglish Centre, Arctic The nation. Saami the to related research legal and social for responsibility nationwide The Saami Education Institute (Sámi oahpahusguovddáš), University ofOulu. Geophysical Sodankylä the to subordinated institute The national a is industry.Observatory mining the of Tourism Institute Tourism Lapland the tourism college and jointly Sciences runs the Applied Multidimensional of University Rovaniemi the Lapland, of University The conditions. low-temperature naturalof managementresources;use of the the and of developmentsustainableof forest coordinationthe use; niomna ad aua rsucs eerh The School research. Mining Oulu resources natural and environmental coordinating network the NorNet and Medicine Arctic fields of activity. For this northern purpose, it operates and a Centre resources for natural environment, the into cle&id=56&Itemid=1&lang=en 29. 28. www.ltu.se/ 27. nordicminingschool.eu/ 26. www.oulumining.fi/ 25. www.oulu.fi/thuleinstitute/ 24. www.oulu.fi/giellagasinstitute/ 23. matkailu.luc.fi/In-English/Institute 22. www.ramk.fi/en al%20Secretariat ternationalSecretariat&title=UArctic%20President%20and%20Internation- www.uarctic.org/organizations2.aspx?group=AdmUArcticDirectorAndIn 25 22 , based at the university, is engaged in research is also specialises in the specialisesin is also research, trainingand 28 in Sweden in respondto thegrowingneeds www.sogsakk.fi/index.php?option=com_content&view=arti 23 , an expert in the Arctic tourism and tourism Arctic the in expert an , 24 has the mandate has toprovide 26 n te odc iig School Mining Nordic the and 20 The Arctic Centre 19 21 based which 27 29 , - -

Finland of Survey Geological the is mandate regions northern a hpig n te oten niomns te Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) the environments, northern the and shipping ice research, ecology, ofmarine fields the in expertise of effectiveness and risks to the assessment ofthe theassessment to risks and effectiveness of evaluation the and schemes control of preparation the in northern regions. The institute’s expertise ranges from exploration resources natural and research geophysical NaturalResourcesInstitute. a form to 2015 amalgamated in will institutes three The Institute has launched 100 million Euro Arctic sea program. sea Arctic Innovation Euro for million Agency 100 launched Funding has Finnish the - Tekes Meteorological the Finnish of Institute’s one is research Arctic offering awide range of vocational training. as well as culture and language Saami the in instruction providing of education institute multi-disciplinary a is 41. en.gtk.fi/ DF9420920A6413CBE0430392D0C1757C 40. 39. www.rktl.fi/english/ 38. www.metla.fi/index-en.html 37. portal.mtt.fi/portal/page/portal/mtt_en tal-security-ICT-and-research-infrastructures/ April-2014-call-Academy-funding-for-Arctic-research-energy-research-socie- 36. arctic-seas/ 35. 34. www.vtt.fi/?lang=en 33. www.ttl.fi/en/contact/oulu/Pages/default.aspx 32. www.syke.fi/en-US 31. en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/arctic-research 30. en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/ AgrifoodResearch Finland, State Centre located in Sodankylä, Lapland. Sodankylä, in locatedCentre polar ResearchArctic operatesthe also environment.FMI the the of earth, the generating layers accurate of data on surface the atmosphere, climate the various and and biosphere atmosphere, the studies Division The Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Oulu unit Oulu Health Occupational of Institute Finnish The (SLCF). forcers climate short-lived and change climate toxins, environmental on data gather to projects Council Arctic funding call. specific Arctic at an has bodies, science international polar Finland represents which Finland, of Academy The out low-temperature not- research, low-temperature technology. a carries (VTT), organisation, Finland for-profit of Centre Research The temperatures.Technical low of impacts detrimental the of management and evaluation the into research initiated Institute www.tekes.fi/en/whats-going-on/news/finland-sets-its-sights-on-growth-in- www.aka.fi/en-GB/A/Academy-of-Finland/Media-services/Releases1/ portal.mtt.fi/portal/page/portal/mtt_en/mtt/news/pressreleases/2013/ 41 38 which carries out geological, geochemical and geochemical geological, out carries which 39 and the Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Fisheries and Game Finnish the and 30 operate respectivetheir in north. the in fields strategic priorities. The FMI Arctic Research Arctic FMI The priorities. strategic 36 37 40 the Finnish ForestFinnish Researchthe 32 Another state agency with stateagency Another is in involvedin is a range in of 31 34 In addition to its to addition In - 115 - 35 33

5. 5. Arctic Business Forum Business Arctic support forsupport Arctic the research, does Royal as Insitute of institutional provide who universities the amongst are severely cold conditions. Arctia Shipping Oy Shipping Arctia conditions. or cold severely icy in operations and technologies with associated services, engineering services field other technology expeditions, and training and design consulting, of types s lo okn twrs Cruplr Chamber Circumpolar Shipyard a Helsinki Arctech towards Commerce. of working Chamber also The North. is High European the in interests business with companies international leading together - 116 - 52. www.uu.se/en/ 51. www.umu.se/english 50. www.lunduniversity.lu.se/ 49. www.su.se/english/ 48. www.ink.su.se/english/tarfala-research-station 47. www.arctia.fi/services 46. www.akerarctic.fi/company.htm 45. arctech.fi/ 44. www.arcticbusinessforum.com/ 43. www.lapland.chamber.fi/index.php/in-english 42. www.stuk.fi/en_GB/ world. the close to Storglaciären, one of the best studied glaciers in highalpine Kebnekaise Mountains, northern Sweden and University,Stockholmoperatedthe by and in situated is Education The Tarfala Research Station, another INTERACTand member Research SWEDEN Commerce of Chamber Lapland The Industry (STUK)’s Authority Safety Nuclear and Radiation governmental The production. and consumption of impacts lifecycle testing services, Aker Arctictesting services, scale full and model to addition In Finland. of and Russia clusters industry marine the between cooperation and fosters also Arctech like company a technology shipbuilding, Arctic shipbuilding Arctic innovation. Apart from the infrastructural importance of in They specialized (USC). Corporation Shipbuilding United and Russian Finland STX by shares equal with owned venture monitoring andassessment network for Arctic areas. monitor radioactivity. It is also part of the environmental to Union European the in laboratory northernmost the The Stockholm, done. is research applied and basic both and disciplines to ensure safe operations in the offshore oil- andgas oil- fields. offshore the in operations safe ensure to their multipurpose icebreakers work in the Arctic waters Finnish ports runs smoothly. During the summer season, and from to traffic maritime that ensure they seasons cold the During fleet. icebreaker Finnish the operates 42 einl aoaoy n oten iln is Finland northern in laboratory regional 48 Polar research in Sweden runs the gamut of gamut the runs Swedenresearch Polarin 49 Lund, 50 Umeå 44 , with the view of bringing bringing of view the with , 46 , forexample,, offers sundry 51 and Uppsala 43 hascreated the 52 45 Universities 47 s joint a is owns and Sciences institutions like the Stockholm Environmental Institute, Technology,KTH 63. www.eiscat.se/ 62. www.snsb.se/en/Home/Space-Activities-in-Sweden/Satellites/Odin/ 61. www.irf.se/ 60. www.arcum.umu.se/english/ 59. foi.se/en/ 58. www.sipri.org/ 57. www.stockholmresilience.org/ 56. www.sei-international.org/ 55. http://www.gu.se/english 54. www.slu.se/en/ 53. www.kth.se/ programmes. Similarly, the FOI, ec Rsac Institute Research Peace The Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF) Physics Space of Institute Swedish The development inthenorth. future and present demands of research-based knowledge for a sustainable to response multi-disciplinary a provides It knowledge. research-based for demand the Arcum is of relevance for the society and is a response to of University Umeå the more generally. Research within the of framework of focus research Studies Northern (EISCAT) Association Scientific Scatter Incoherent European The and theeffects ofglobal warming (aeronomy). atmosphere earth’s the in layer ozone the of depletion the behind mechanisms the of and (astronomy)system solar formation/early star of studies in spacecraft single a on disciplines scientific two combine to designed was its study of ozone depletion. Launched in 2001, the Odin and the Odin satellite, which has an Arctic specific mission in also operates Agency and France Space Finland, Canada, European specifically the with cooperation t må nvriy (Arcum). University Umeå at CentreArctic Research the establishmentof the is focus recentA institutional initiative specific withvery a Arctic into Arctic securityissues. research conducting also is Force, Defence Swedish the for – exclusively not but – mainly researchdefence and mesosphere. The Swedish National Space Board Space National Swedish The and stratosphere mesosphere. troposphere, the of chemistry aeronomy of electrodynamics, and dynamics, comprising the of Programme, studies Research Atmospheric the Polar runs which institute research governmental igo, oa-ersra Evrnet Laboratory, United Environment Council, Solar-Terrestrial Facilities Norway, TechnologyKingdom, of and Council Research Science the Japan, Research, of Polar Institute National China, of Republic People’s Circle. Propagation, Radiowave of Institute Research in China the Arctic located the between shared of are are costs operational and Investments north EISCAT sector of Scandinavian the sites experimental The h Sokom eiine Centre Resilience Stockholm the 54 63 and the University of Gothenburg. Universityof the and a is edures n iua Sweden. Kiruna, in headquarters its has 53 the Swedish University of Agricultural of UniversitySwedish the 58 lo ae ogtr Arctic long-term have also 60 59 ru i roe i the in rooted is Arcum which conducts security 57 n te Stockholm the and 55 Research 61 isa 62 in 56

north oftheArctic Circle in Sweden. km 200 about member INTERACT an Station, Research section focussing specifically onNorthern forestry. of the Arctic and the Swedish Forest Agency. It also has a to protection environmental relating initiatives Swedish 71. www.smhi.se/ecds 70. www.skogsstyrelsen.se/en/ 69. www.swedishepa.se/ 68. www.havochvatten.se/ 67. www.sjofartsverket.se/en/ 66. www.polar.se/en/abisko breakers/Research-VesselIcebreaker-Oden/ 65. 64. www.polar.se/ expeditions. research polar Swedish from data contains It process. Sweden’s IPY data and researchis a repository of past and current whole the throughout scientists to support infrastructure,additional providing searching and publication of relevant data; and a service The ECDS climate. and the forallowing mechanism, clearinghouse a of consists environment of fields the searching, the in an research for is data of storage long-term facilitating and publication (ECDS) initiative Sweden infrastructural Data Climate Environment The Swedish Polar Research Secretariat State radar technique. upper and atmosphere and middle ionosphere using lower,the incoherent scatter the on research conduct establishedto was It Council. Research Swedish the and Finland Academy, Finish the Japan, University, Nagoya tasks include the Swedish Maritime Administration, Maritime Swedish the include tasks specific or Northern Arctic with institutions state Other purposes. research for Oden icebreaker and vessel research the use to Authority Maritime Swedish the with agreement time long a has SecretariatResearch Polar Swedish The regions. polar the in protection environmentalimprove Arctic to works actively Secretariat the The regions. Antarctic and to to expeditions as research well lead as and organise development, and research plans collaborations follows and The Secretariat EU. negotiations, the with cooperation international and and in promote monitor, assist as well as development, and research polar Swedishco-ordinates and promotes that Research and Education of Ministry the under agency that concerns the Arctic. The Swedish Environmental Agency Protection Swedish The Arctic. the concerns that agreements international relevant the for responsible and research activities and their international unit is also The environmental monitoring and ofBothnia. fishing for responsible is Management Water infrastructural Gulf and Marine the for Agency and Swedish crucial Baltic the providing in support fleet, icebreaker responsiblefor also Sweden’sis from Oden, apart which www.sjofartsverket.se/en/Maritime-services/Winter-Navigation/Our-Ice- 65 The Secretariat also operates Abisko Scientific 69 provides the institutional base for base institutional the provides 66 64 is a government is 71 ECDS is ECDS 70 67 68

been usedinEU-funded projects, suchasDAMOCLES tion.php?id_page=1 COUNCIL OBSERVERS ATTHEARCTIC III.3 EUROPEANUNION Kiirunavaara(LKAB) AB The Swedish state-owned mining company, Luossavaara- Industry public. SMHIalsoconducts Arctic generalResearch. the and sector private the services, public for provides knowledge and advanced decision-making data develops information on weather, water and climate that Institute (SMHI), a government agency that manages and Hydrological and MeteorologicalSwedish the by hosted 78. 77. www.awi.de/en/infrastructure/stations/awipev_arctic_research_base/ 76. www.awi.de/en/institute/ 75. www.chantier-arctique.fr/en/index.php 74. www.institut-polaire.fr/ipev/l_institut 73. www.lkab.com/ tic-ice-1.29845 72. areas. asailing polar in operates which Tara, vessel research the operates which Expeditions, Tara supported publically and run privately the is initiatives scientific enabling infrastructureresearch important An the Arctic. in research scientific support to statal para- bodies. and IPEV public is an nine agency by of resources formed and group expertise interest public a is (IPEV) Victor Emile Paul Institute Polar French The FRANCE base at Ny-Ålesund onSvalbard. the expansion ofminingoperations. – itself Kiruna of sector townthe mostcentreof order including in to– facilitate a moving of task major the rail and port infrastructures, the company maintaining is undertaking and building north, than far Other Sweden’s Kiruna. in including mines ore iron the are assets major Their world. the around countries of number a in Institute: Helmholtz Centre for Polar andMarine for Polar (AWI)Research Centre Helmholtz Institute: ofArctic Wegner Alfred database German the anational with Togetherresearchers. runs in also issues It scientific Arctic. the key interdisciplinary on research highly for runs programmes It agencies. and bodies research French leading of consortium a is and 2013 in partner of the French Arctic Initiative www.smhi.se/en/Research/satellite-data-provide-insight-into-melting-arc- oceans.taraexpeditions.org/en/a-2-5-years-marine-and-scientific-expedi 76 , IPEV runs the AWIPEV Arctic ResearchAWIPEVArctic the runs IPEV , 73 has subsidiaries and operationsand subsidiaries has 77 75 and was launched 72 74 PV s a is IPEV 78 Ithas - 117 - - 5. 5. cmd Lbrtr fr oa ad aie Research Marine and (OSL) Polar for the Otto Laboratory is Schmidt initiative infrastructure research Russian onre, s el s aaa n sm international some and institutions. Canada as well as countries, Polarstern. This initiative is supported byand (Sweden) several Oden icebreakersheavy European European the of operation the joint for Consortium a International / implement European to aims Consortium which (ARICE), Icebreaker Europe Research for Arctic an create to Arctic and Antarctic. Recently, an initiative was launched floating large laboratoryscale support to research the in and vesselresearch breaking ice class high Polarstern,a all in government German matters concerning the the polar regions. It operates the advise R/V to alsohas mandate It a Programme. Antarctic and Arctic the National German of agency implementation and manager is also responsible for the Italian Arctic Station Dirigible Station Arctic Italian the for responsible also is the International Arctic Science Committee, IASC marine research inArctic areas. Helmoltz Centre for Ocean Research in Kiel also conducts in Arctic research and in all areas of the Arctic region. The engaged countries all Arctic in research, of aspects all in cooperationfacilitate and encourage to is mission IASC The organization. scientific international governmental, - 118 - 86. www.cnr.it/sitocnr/Englishversion/Englishversion.html 85. pomor.spbu.ru/ 84. www.otto-schmidt-laboratory.de/?Home 83. www.awi.de/en/infrastructure/stations/samoylov_station/ 82. http://www.geomar.de/en/research/expeditionen/exp/completed/0/0/ 81. www.iasc.info/ ARICE_for_FARO.pdf 80. 79. www.awi.de/en/institute/ Research National the by Council. undertaken mainly are initiatives Arctic infrastructural and institutional Italy’s ITALIAN REPUBLIC Reserve. Delta Lena Russian the Delta with Lena the in Samoylov Station Research the operates also AWI French, the with run jointly is which Svalbard, on AWIPEV station research the from Apart regions. polar the for forresearchfacility Centre Helmholtz German central the is (AWI)Research Marine and Institute: Polar Wegner Alfred The GERMANY (POMOR). Research Marine and Polar for Program Master the as such programmes specific Arctic runs jointly institutions research other with together and Germany and Russia in scientists young of support the on especially focusses FederationRussian betweenthe Germany. and OSL The Agreement on Cooperation in Polar and Marine Research projects carried out within the framework of the Bilateral research the of development and coordination for basis 84 , located in Saint Petersburg. The OSL provides a provides OSL The Petersburg. Saint in located , faro-arctic.org/fileadmin/Resources/DMU/GEM/faro/2013_Nicole__ 86 It has a dedicated Polar Support Unit, which Unit, Support Polar dedicated a has It 85 80 AWI also undertook the initiative to host to initiative the undertook also AWI 82 83 nte German- Another 79 It is the National the is It 81 , a non- Amsterdam Institute for Sea Research Sea Netherlands for the Royal Institute including initiatives, research withArctic institutions themajor It includes activities. Dutchpolar to contributes actively which institutes of in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. The National Institute of Institute National The (OGS) GeophysicsExperimental and Oceanography Svalbard. Ny-Ålesund, in ehrad Plr Program Polar Netherlands the initiatives, research polar for instrument funding a has council research national Netherlands’ The Arctic. the in in research involved related Humanities is largely and Science Social Centre Arctic The host. (2013) part of the Willem Barentz Polar Institute and its current Nicolaus Copernicuc University Polar Station, Kaffioyra The Willem Barentz Willem The Polar Institute THE NETHERLANDS Italia 100. www.home.umk.pl/~geopolar/stacja/STACJA.HTML 99. polar.geom.uni.wroc.pl/ 98. hornsund.igf.edu.pl/index.php 97. www.kbp.pan.pl/index.php?lang=en 96. www.arcticstation.nl/ lar+Programme 95. 94. www.rug.nl/research/arctisch-centrum/ Arctic.htm 93. 92. www.falw.vu.nl/en/ 91. www.knmi.nl/index_en.html 90. www.nioz.nl/ 89. wbpi.webhosting.rug.nl/index.php?nr=89 88. www.ogs.trieste.it/en 87. www.polarnet.cnr.it/content/view/162/58/lang,en/ infrastructures research the scientific patronage and development of Polish Polar for responsible isalso than24 It in Poland. more institutions scientific from come and disciplines scientific all represent PRC of members The research. polar Polish of Sciences provides the organizational infrastructure for The Committee on Polar Research of the Polish Academy POLAND Siedlecki Polish Polar Station in Hornsund Stanisław the namely Svalbard, Spitsbergen, on stations Centre Station is a government supported infrastructural inNy- Ålesund, Svalbard months supported summer during a government operates and initiative is Station eerlgcl Institute Meteorological Baranowski Polar Station of Wroclaw University Wroclaw of Station Polar Baranowski committees. researchresearchpolar managementand infrastructure international of number a on Italy represents OGS the and researchactivity of dedicatedpillar a as AreasPolar has institution, research public oriented internationally 87 www.wageningenur.nl/en/Research-Results/Projects-and-programmes/ , a multidisciplinary research facility located facility research multidisciplinary a , 94 www.nwo.nl/en/research-and-results/programmes/Netherlands+Po- bsd t h Uiest o Goign i also is Groningen, of University the at based , 92 ad aeign University Wageningen and ,

96 . ItisanINTERACT observer. 97 91 . This includes five research five includes This . te re nvriy of University Free the , 90 95 te oa Netherlands Royal the , Te ehrad Arctic Netherlands The . 89 is a conglomerationa is 98 , the Stanisław 93 Te Arctic The . 99 the , 88 , an , 100 , (NERC) Council Research Environmental Natural the by funded operates several research aircraft ht nue ln tr aciig f data of archiving term long ensures that The Palmas. Las vessel National Polar Data Centres is an support infrastructural initiative the and Hesperides R/V vessel, research polar its administers Navy Spain’s 106. 105. //hielo.igme.es/index.php/en/ 1000001d04140aRCRD 5cd345b4f34f09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=9b6fefb8b7c0f210VgnVCM- 104. 103. www.am.gdynia.pl/en/ 102. www.staff.amu.edu.pl/~svalbard/ 101. geografia.umcs.lublin.pl/wyprawy/ University the Calypsobyen Polar Station of Maria Curie Skłodowska the task of the NERC Arctic Office Arctic NERC the the UKis of task the in coordination and support research Arctic UNITED KINGDOM Committee The national polar authority of Spain is the Spanish Polar SPAIN A large number of universities in the UK have Arctic UK have Group Russell the in most the including projects,research in universities of number large A (BAS) oh oa rgos t h Uiest o Cambridge of University the at regions polar both isthe a centre research into for Institute, Research Scott Polar themselves, runs several and initiatives, for aspringboard Arctic provides which institution Another of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań in University Mickiewicz Adam of Gdynia MaritimeUniversity the by owned is research, Arctic for used also is which II, Horyzont vessel research and training The Oceania. RV ship, tall the owns also Sciences of Academy Polish PolarStation, observer an is INTERACT. Hornsund to The Arctic projects currently running with groups research institutes research Spanish fifteen and some universities have research themes focussing themes research have universities some and Ocean Arctic eastern the in Ross primarily operates Clark James The Cook. James RRS and RRS Discovery Shackleton, Ernest Ross, Clark James the vessels, research polar four the operates also NERC Observer. INTERACT an is station the Svalbard, on Ny-Ålesund at 114. www.russellgroup.ac.uk/our-universities/ 113. www.spri.cam.ac.uk/ 112. www.arctic.ac.uk/infrastructure/aircraft/ www.arctic.ac.uk/infrastructure/research-vessels/111. 110. www.arctic.ac.uk/infrastructure/research-station/ 109. www.antarctica.ac.uk/ 108. www.nerc.ac.uk/index.asp?cookieConsent=A 107. www.arctic.ac.uk/ load=183:spain. formation-day-of-the-arctic-council-in-copenhagen-28-may-2010?down- www.arctic-council.org/index.php/en/document-archive/category/50-in 109 108 . BAS manages the UK Arctic Research Station Research Arctic UK the manages BAS . n hse b te rts Atrtc Survey Antarctic British the by hosted and 101 104 and the “Skottehytta” - expedition base - expedition “Skottehytta” the and www.idi.mineco.gob.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac wih nlds tcncl secretariat. technical a includes which , 103 . 106 112 . 107 . . The Arctic Office is Office Arctic The . 105 102 Mr than More . . The Polish The . 111 . It also It . 113 114 110 . - -

Southampton (NOCS) Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre International Polar Foundation Polar International policymaker –stakeholder interaction. high-level promoting symposium, Futures Arctic annual the running as promoting well as exploration, and education polar include initiatives Arctic foundation’s The provides an interface between polar science and good, society. public for foundation a as Statute Royal Belgian EU/EEA and affiliated countries represented onthe Board represented Polar European countries affiliated and EU/EEA UNION COUNTRIES III.4 OTHEREUROPEAN Aberdeen of University sub-Arctic the Arctic and as research,on such 119. www.polarfoundation.org/ 118. www.polarresearch.at/ ences/about/membership.html 117. 116. www.southampton.ac.uk/oes/index.page? 115. www.abdn.ac.uk/the-north/ at the participating organisations participating polar sciences the of at area the in education coordinates and and research promotes that consortium research a is Institute Research Polar Austrian the example, for includes, This EPB). the of members necessarily all not are institute (the countries the these of some in institutes within located various countries, thereprojects are also Arctic and polar specific research time-limited Besides Switzerland.Portugal Luxembourg,and Estonia, Republic, Czech the Bulgaria, Belgium, include Council, and austral poles), but who are not observers at the Arctic www.esf.org/hosting-experts/expert-boards-and-committees/polar-sci- 115 n te nvriy f Southampton, of University the and 116 117 . (which covers both the boreal the both covers (which 119 rcgie b the by recognized , 118 I Blim the Belgium, In . - 119 -

5.

Chapter cover image: Aerial view of iceberg. Photo: GettyImages The International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs Indigenous (IWGIA) for Group Work International The 7. www.iwgia.org/regions/arctic 6. www.unece.org/# 5. www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home.html 4. www.unep.org/regionalseas/programmes/independent/arctic/ tic-impacts/ 3. 2. wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/arctic/ 1. www.arctic-council.org/index.php/en/about-us/arctic-council/observers (UNEP) the Programme all Environment the Nations countries, involving European United of level, majority overwhelming intergovernmental On Intergovernmental Arctic Council, alist ofwhichisavailable onitswebsite the to observers are them of all, not but Many, strategies. management and leadership Arctic informto aim that initiatives launched have countries European within level intergovernmental or and networks national at operating organisations high-profile of number A Non-Governmental Initiatives AND REGIONALINITIATIVES INTER-GOVERNMENTAL IV.1 NON-GOVERNMENTAL, IV. running a highly visible ‘Save the Arctic’ the ‘Save visible highly a running been sideof has Greenpeace group the other activist the On spectrum the Council. Arctic the to and isan observer projects and advocacy research scientific of The WWF programme, founded in 1992, entails a variety Arctic Council the at status observer with rights peoples’ indigenous non-governmental human rights organization supporting not anobserver to theArctic Council. initiative in the form of the WWF Arctic Programme WWF the of form the Arctic in an running initiative been has Iceland, except countries foundation with national offices in all the European Arctic conservation WWF, a the example, For groups. to activist foundations conservation independent involved from groups range the front, non-governmental the On coordinated Arctic activities, utilizing itsglobal (UNDP) Program Development Nations United to authority utilizing contribute to sustainable conveningdevelopment in the Arctic. The and activities, mandate well- environmental planning Arctic a process coordinated initiated recently also has ECE) (UN- Europe for Commission Economic Nations United 6 also have observer status at the Arctic Council. Arctic the at status observer have also www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/climate-change/arc- 7 OTHER EUROPEANINITIATIVES

,headquartered in Denmark, is an international,,headquarteredan is Denmark, in

3 campaign. It is It campaign. 5 and the and 1 . 2 . 4

institution. NordForskinstitution. been participating in several of the Council’s working the Council’s groups. of in several participating been has ICC The Arctic Council. the in participant permanent coordinated by the International Barents Secretariat. Barents councils, International cooperative the two by coordinated through routed is Region The facilitation of cooperation in the Barents Euro-Arctic has launched a major initiative to establish a cross- to establish cutting initiative Nordic co-funding programme, Noria-Net major Arctic a launched has Nordic Council of Ministers (NCM) Ministers of Council Nordic observer programmes with as part of their focused organizations Arctic broader running and mandate, Council, include Arctic the the at status specific Nordic Other Arctic the to status Council. observer has reindeer WRH about husbandry. information disseminates and world, the of peoples reindeer different the between contact the hosts – which promotes professional, government,commercial, and cultural Norwegian Secretariat of Husbandry the the Association of World Reindeer Herders Reindeer by for funded Centre International The Nordic Council Saami the include Europe in bodies focused regionally More Regional 15. www.nammco.no/Nammco/Mainpage/ 14. www.nordforsk.org/en/programs/noria-net-arctic 13. www.nordforsk.org/en 12. www.nefco.org/ 11. www.norden.org/en/nordic-council-of-ministers 10. reindeerherding.org/about-us/ 9. www.inuit.org/ 8. www.saamicouncil.net study ofmarine mammalsintheNorthAtlantic and management conservation, the on cooperation for Marine Mammal Commission (NAMMCO), Atlantic an international body North the of signatories founding the are Islands Faroe the and Greenland Iceland, Norway, opportunities that theArctic regioncurrently meets. new and challenges societal multiple the to response in Finance Corporation (NEFCO) Corporation Finance governmental co-operation and the Nordic Environment r lvn. ni i Genad r rpeetd y the by (ICC) Council represented Circumpolar Inuit are Greenland Saami in the Inuit where living. countries are four the in interests rights and Saami of promotion the is Council Saami the of aim primary The EU. and UN the with collaboration in worksCouncil Sweden.NorwayThe and Russia, Finland, in organizations member Saami with Council Arctic the 8 , and NGO and permanent participant to participant permanent and NGO and , 13 ,an organisation under the NCM, the under organisation ,an 12 , an international finance international an , 9 , an NGO that is also a also is that NGO an , 11 , a forum for Nordic for forum a , 15 . - 123 - 14 10 , ,

IV. IV. be held in October 2013. The Arctic Frontiers (AF) Frontiers Arctic The 2013. October will in held be summit inaugural The partners. media and NGOs universities, bodies, cross funding of section companies, decision-makers across all sectors. Participants includea the decision-making process through involving a range of forum with a mission to facilitate dialogue and strengthen Initiated by the Icelandic president, the Arctic Circle andfunding relations. Norwegian-Russian on competence of centre a by promoting also is north Norwegian-Russian cooperation the projects. The Secretariat in relations Norwegian-Russian the developing at aims Secretariat Barents Norwegian The office. Nenets and Archangelsk Murmansk, offices: Russian three are There Finnmark. northernmostcounties Norway: of Nordland, Troms and The Norwegian Barents Secretariat is owned by the three with corresponding bodiesinothercountries. awareness about Arctic issues and for forging connections for raising responsible is Board Advisory the addition, In activities. its relation to in policy Finnish coordination of andto region the Arctic in activities Finland’s monitor h Uiest o te Arctic the of University The Circumpolar and research. development for priorities define to stakeholders arctic all for platform a provides Norway,Tromsø, in summit annual an organising network Norwegian independent education and research intheNorth. to higher committed organisations other and universities, colleges, European of contingent large a including It is a cooperative network of more than 130 institutions, hosted at member institutions in the Circumpolar North. organization, offices, functions with programs other and - 124 - 22. www.uarctic.org/Frontpage.aspx?m=3 21. www.arctic-frontiers.com 20. www.arcticcircle.org/ 19. arktinenseura.yhdistysavain.fi/ Working-Group-of-Indigenous-Peoples 18. al-Council 17. 16. www.beac.st/in-English/Barents-Euro-Arctic-Council/Introduction Council Arctic Barents-Euro intergovernmental The ru o Idgnu Peoples Indigenous of Group The Working entities. sub-national of counties thirteen collaboration include, for example the Arctic Society the Arctic in Finland example international for tofacilitate include, collaboration initiatives specific Country to boththecouncils. from the Sámi, Nenets and Vepsians has an advisory role nergoa Brns einl Council Regional The Commission. Barents European Interregional the and Sweden Norway,Russia, Iceland, Finland, Denmark, include members www.beac.st/in-English/Barents-Euro-Arctic-Council/Working-Groups/ www.beac.st/in-English/Barents-Euro-Arctic-Council/Barents-Region 19

salse i 21 am t spot and support to aims 2012 in established 18 wt representatives with , 22 s decentralized a is 17 consists of 21 20 , an , isa 16 -

be found ontheSAON website bypromoting country and organisation specific observingin particular activities can on efforts. Reports (CBM) monitoringcommunity-based activities, people observing indigenous of Arctic in to inclusion is committed the also facilitating SAON information. and data of (“building blocks”), and promoting sharing and synthesis networks data and observing existing among synergies byactivities facilitating observing partnershipswide and Arctic- enhance to is goal Its benefits. societal provide and services value-added global and pan-Arctic realize will thatdata quality high and open free,to haveaccess users to enable networks that observing well-defined of social, environmental, to economic and cultural issues. SAON promotes the vision related particularly needs, societal serve that multinationalsystems sharing data and observing of pan-Arctic coordinated and development sustained for engagement the strengthen and Ice Drift Trajectories; River Ice Monitoring; Lake Ice Monitoring; Ice Monitoring; GlacierMonitoring; Snow Monitoring. River Trajectories; Drift Ice Edge Monitoring; Ice Monitoring; Iceberg Forecasting; and Monitoring Ice Sea include: lines service CurrentPV community.changeclimate and science cryospheric the with way beneficial mutually a in interfaces and users; to private products and services EO-related additional (EO)- provides users; Observation public a to products Environmentaland provides services related products; desirable and of services suite the of of convinced are value who the users end of spectrum wide a engages objectives: international following cohesive the meets a that build network to aims It UK. the and Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Canada, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Australia, Norway, fromSweden, members team and participants has with PV programme. Copernicus Commission, European the participation from the Canadian Space and Agency, under the (ESA) Agency oa Ve (PV) View Polar share information to internationally inthefuure. beable to is the ambition in The Semlja east. Novaja and north areas the in Pole coastal North the west, and the in Greenland to sea south, the in Denmark for from monitoring system comprehensive information a and is It development BarentsWatch. continuous the of of part as partners future recognised the of in number the expand to is aim The institutes. research and agencies state Norwegian newy ic ery 2007 hasbeen early and since underway(AC) Council Arctic the by initiated was The Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON) process ASSESSMENT INITATIVES IV.2 MONITORINGAND 26. www.polarview.org/ 25. www.barentswatch.no/ id=66&Itemid=100017 24. 23. www.arcticobserving.org/ aetWth (BW) BarentsWatch www.arcticobserving.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article& 26 was initiated by the European Space European the by initiated was 25

s n ntaie y 27 central by initiative an is 23 Is ups i t support to is purpose Its . 24 . The European Space Agency or ESA or Agency Space European The (Abisko), Sweden Finland (Sodankylä)andRussia(Tiksi andCherskii). Svalbard), on (Ny-Ålesund Norway Greenland), in (Summit Denmark of Kingdom Eureka), and (Alert Canada (Barrow,AK), USA the in located are observatories Partner expertise. and assets IASOA from to contributions synergistic mobilizing science and socially-relevant derived services (3) and gateway, single a (1) capacity, (2) facilitating observational through data access and usability through comprehensive developing observatories strategically independent atmospheric from pan-Arctic objectives research coordinated from geostationary and polar orbits, respectively. orbits, polar and geostationary from monitoring composition atmospheric will for Sentinel-5 data and provide Sentinel-4 land. and ocean relevant the services to for data provide will Sentinel-3 and services land for images optical high-resolution deliver will Sentinel-2 services. ocean and land for used be to Sentinel-1 from images radarall-weather, night and day the with starting observations, of set unique a provide ofwhich has been scheduled to launch in 2013. The Sentinels will first the Copernicus, for specifically missions tableESAThe 2.2). developingis five Sentinel of families see (also (EEA) Agency Environment European the and Commission (EC) in the European partnership with by the European Space Agency is headed (ESA) initiative This date. to programmes observation Earth ambitious mist programme, newname the the for Copernicus, initiatives. infrastructure research major two manages agencies), and countries states in Europe and cooperation agreements with other NSIM: drsig e Calne i Satellite in ChallengesBased Maritime Surveillance and Arctic Monitoring New Addressing ANISTIAMO: 29. www.esa.int/ESA 28. iasoa.org/iasoa/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1 maritime-surveillance-and-arctic-monitoring-%28anistiamo%29.html 27.www.cmrc.ie/projects/addressing-new-challenges-in-satellite-based- International Arctic Systems for Observing the Observing for Systems Atmosphere (IASOA) Arctic International sectors. consideredservices and the target within demand the viability of a future operational case for the products on evidence convincing compile delivered; services and from participating end users on the utility of the products operational under conditions; obtain clear,end users credible statements of products and group representative set of a to Arctic services adefined and for utility demonstrate security and benefits maritime community; the Monitoring in Environmental users end by expressed information for requirements to responding services and products provide to capability the validate to: are initiative the of objectives primary the mind, in this With services. and productssatellite-based of users (e.g. naval organisations, coast guards) that are potential agencies maritime with working continue to seeks and surveillance, maritime for information derived satellite andFinland. previousresearchon focused thatbuilds ANISTIAMOon in Ireland by organisations participation with Norway in Services Satellite Kongsberg of initiative Global Monitoring for Environment and Security and Environmentfor Monitoring Global rvosy nw a GE, s n o the of one is GMES, as known previously 28 is an on-going initiative to advance 29 , (with 20 member 20 (with , 27 isan Survey t prnr icue h Dprmn o Bioscience, of Department University the Aarhus include partners Its Greenland. West Arctic low in programme monitoring ecological cross-disciplinary extensive an is Basic Nuuk international search and rescue (SAR) system. COSPAS-SARSATthe from signals radio receive also will and satellites remote- telecommunication and operational weather already sensing on based be will Satellite cluster Arctic new The Organization. Meteorological World the from support received also has ROSCOSMOS Russian Economic Development Agency and according to the approvedbyrecently been systemhas The services. communications high-speed provide as well as region Arctic the in resources energy be survey worth changes, climatic to monitor will US), billion ($2.5 estimated roubles billion 70 around system, Arktika The others. among Italy from interest of indications (ROSCOSMOS), SpaceAgency Federal byRussian initiative an Arktika, operational of important role. and an plays Arctic support forecasting the which in monitoring, climate environmentalglobal in and sets, meteorological data long-term continuous, provide to is objective organisation’s prime h Uiest o Copenhagen of University the h Cryosat-2 The shipping anddisaster respone. northern monitoring, pollution policy cover, for monitoring land in data security changes providing Arctic, and the in sovereigntypriorities and development economic environment, to contribute will 1-3 Sentinels 36. www.asiaq.gl/ 35. www.ku.dk/english/ 34. www.natur.gl/index.php?id=663&L=3 33. www.natur.gl/en/ 32. bios.au.dk/en/ 31. www.eumetsat.int/website/home/Satellites/index.html 30. www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/CryoSat Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Exploitation EUMETSATSatellitesor PolarSystemMetop (EPS) the for st Organization European 26 are makingto meanglobalriseinsealevel. Arctic in contribution that the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets trends regional perennial sea-ice thickness and determinemass; and determine the primarily: will CryoSat-2Antarctica. and Greenland overlie that sheets in the floating polar oceans ice and variations marine in the of thickness of thickness the vast the ice in changes the of monitoring precise to dedicated is and caps, ice CryoSat-2’sESA. the Earth’sthe studyto is mission polar Resources 36 andreceives bothprivate andpublicfuning. 33 ,

h Genad lmt Rsac Centre Research Climate Greenland the 30

infrastructure initiative also falls under falls also initiative infrastructure 32 ates participate in the European the in participate ates , the Greenland Institute of Natural of Institute Greenland the , 35 n Aiq Greenland - Asiaq and

31 - 125 - . This . 34 , IV. IV. f hc i t mk Fnad goa lae o the of leader global a Finland make to is which of Programme Mining a Green launched Innovation, and Technology in Arctic drilling by the Italian-based multinational Eni multinational Italian-based the by drilling Arctic in to Arctic, such as Lamor (Larsen Marine Oil Recovery) Oil Marine (Larsen adapted Lamor as such equipment Arctic, to researching recovery spill companies oil include developing edge and Arctic an with exploration all initiatives in with industries Finnish Greenland. interestsin licenses public all represents and government Greenland the by owned fully is example, and gas company, Total, oil French for exampleof the activities the Arctic (LNG) Gas Natural Liquefied for example resources, Arctic exploiting of process the initiated have companies gas and oil based ar Arctic - 126 - 44. www.tekes.fi/programmes/GreenMining 43. www.tekes.fi/en/community/Home/351/Home/473 42. www.lamor.com/ 41. nunaoil.gl/en/about-nunaoil/nunaoil.html 40. www.maerskoil.com/pages/default.aspx 39. www.shell.com/global/future-energy/arctic.html in-the-arctic/Eni-in-the-Arctic.pdf 38.www.eni.com/en_IT/attachments/investor-relations/presentation/2012/eni- sectors/lng/innovations/lng-arctic 37.total.com/en/energies-expertise/oil-gas/exploration-production/strategic- Initi and transport tourism. fisheries, minerals, and Hydrocarbons each of the four areas covered or by the EU 2012 inventory: areregional yet others multinational. and with states associated nation specific closely or headquartered are others states, nation by majority-owned are companies Some this compendium. in included is initiatives commercial of importance potential the Arctic resources European economy, the for of perusal a and nations, companies for revenue create tax agreements, trade other and co- only Arctic environment. the Given the European Free on Trade Area effect not tangible a have but knowledge, initiatives produce development Commercial Com EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT INTHE IV.3 COMMERCIAL nldn i te uoen Arctic European the in including conditions, in arctic initiatives exploration and projects company,Anglo-Dutch an several Shell, has Royal Dutch in the Arctic. Tekes Arctic. the in recoveryand response spill oil Stateson United the and Canada Finland, including countries, Arctic several with closely works and Finland in headquarters its has which companies and several other mining initiatives are linked and to it. Nunaoil gas oil, major to restricted the isnot initiatives extraction mineral and Hydrocarbons has already beendiscussedelsewhere Sweden) inthiscompendium. (mining, LKAB and Norway) gas, and (oil has licenses off the Greenland coast in Baffin Bay. Statoil atives to exploit to atives mercial devel e often in the media spotlight. Several Europe Several spotlight. media the in often e 44 initiative (2011-2016), the main objective main the (2011-2016), initiative Samples 43 hydrocarbons and minerals and hydrocarbons te ins Fnig gny for Agency Funding Finnish the , ARCTIC opment of initiatives are given based for based given are initiatives of 39 Dns Mes Oil Maersk Danish . 37 ,

or theinvestments in the 41 , for 38 42 40 .

h Iead epnil Fseis Foundation Fisheries Responsible Iceland inEU The role animportant played environmental politics. has fisheries and export major the EU market for Arctic fish (especially from the the North Atlantic) Norway Nevertheless, namely Iceland. EU, and the of members not are Europe such as the International Union of Marine Insurance of Marine Union International the as such bodies international by supported is which document, Declaration Practice industry-led Best Marine Arctic voluntary the is Another,initiative Area. Barents the reporting in ship mandatory example for regions, Arctic some in place shipping affects that in umbrella IMO the already under agreements This other waters. polar several in dovetails operations shipping for polar a EU and Arctic countries are members, is busy developing clni fseis opne sc a HB Grandi as such companies fisheries Major Icelandic management. fisheries responsible and waters Icelandic and in catches fish of origin Icelandic the indicates government the Icelandic by operates the Iceland Responsible Fisheries logo. This logo funded initiative efo idsr. Havfisk Norwegian industry. Seafood the for communication and management risk reputational does and Seafood Norwegian markets fisheries in the Arctic Ocean Arctic the of in anassessment fisheries running is fisheries, sustainable for 54.www.iumi.com/images/gillian/Clippings/IUMI%20Arctic%20 53. www.imo.org/MediaCentre/HotTopics/polar/Pages/default.aspx arctic-ocean/ 52.www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/fisheries-in-the-program/in-assessment/ 51. www.msc.org/ 50. www.havfisk.no/en 49. en.seafood.no/ 48. www.samherji.is/en 47. www.is.is/ 46. www.hbgrandi.com/Home 45. www.responsiblefisheries.is/ h to onre wt te largest the with countries two The sustainable mineral industry. Seafood Council Seafood twrsi Council Stewardship around and Sea Marine Barents the others,by, amongstendorsed is It Svalbard. the ‘, coast along Norwegian trawls company, the fish white largest Norway’s is Seafood The International Maritime Organisation Maritime International The underway. are initiatives major two least at processes been have initiatives, Finland discussed infrastructuralin in the previous section. In companiesterms of Several governance by taken North. especially far oremined of the the export in for especially region, Arctic Barents- the in system transport railway the expand to shipping. partnerships and public-corporate initiate to region Barents transport the within rail 2013) (September on-going to are Discussions related usually are European Major asNorth Atlantic orNorth-ast Atlantic. but rather Arctic, as self-identify necessarily 47 and Samherji and 49 is an initiative with another angle – it angle another with initiative an is initiatives in the Arctic in initiatives transport 51 a oni wih es standards sets which council a , 48 uses the logo. The Norwegian The logo. the uses 50 peiul Ae Seafoods) Aker (previously 52 . Most fisheries do not do fisheries Most . Arctic fisheries Arctic 53 o hc all which to , 45 is an is 46 ISI , in 54

UiT The Arctic University of Norway of University Arctic The UiT in the Arctic areas of European countries isusually countries of European regulated regionally by counties andmunicipalitis. areas Arctic the in Tourismtourists. for guidelines visitor as well as AECO, formandatoryguidelines touroperators thatof are part expedition Arctic cruise operators and related of industries. It has views the represent and regulate to industry in initiative major a is belong, operators tour operation oficemanagement for Arctic operations and quantification in specialize thatcompany Swedish a MarineSolutions, Arctic by driven partly was initiative regions, and UiT is an initiating partner of the National the Northern of partner initiating the an is UiT and in regions, expertise special with research industry commissions, and sector public out carries which owner of the Northern Research Institute (Norut) Institute Research Northern the of owner also has the including and initiatives, establishment of national related research groups. It university is Arctic a linguistics majority other The several bio-prospecting, chemistry. computational marine fishery physics, science, space biology, medical telemedicine, transformation, conflict and research, peace climate people, indigenous environment, polar the on focuses prominentmember.another FRAM is keyUiT´s research PolarInstituteNorwegian The North. the in resourcesnatural and environment of management the contributing to maintaining Norway’s prominent status in 62. www.norut.no/en/Norut/About-us 61. uit.no/startsida 60. www.arctic-council.org/index.php/en/contact 59. www.npolar.no/en/about-us/ 58. www.framsenteret.no/ 57.www.aeco.no/about-aeco/ 56. arcticmarinesolutions.se/index.php 55.www.cefor.no/Industry-Policy/News/Arctic-Best-Practice-Declaration/ Declaration%20Release%2023%204%2013.pdf Climate for the Environmentand Centre Research North High the FRAM, is One of the major institutional Arctic initiatives in Norway NORWAY IV.4 OtherEuropeanStates Insurers Marine of Association Nordic the and hosts theArctic CouncilSecretariat also centre FRAM The Ny-Ålesund. in Station Research Sverdrup the as well as Lance and vessel research the owns expeditions major organises and equips Institute The Antarctica. is Norway’s in authority and environmental competent occasions various on internationally matters relating to the polar regions, represents Norway The Institute thematic strategic and in authorities Norwegian advises Antarctica. and Arctic the in monitoring and environmental scientific research, mapping of fields international forums. The several Norwegian Polar Institute on is active Norway within the represents FRAM, of Cruise Operators Expedition (AECO) Arctic of Association based Norwegian The 58 , a constellation of institutions of constellation a , 57 , to which many major European 60 61 . located in Tromsø,in located 59 , a member a , tourism 55 56 The . . 62 , ytm (SIOS) System chargeSvalbardthe of Integrated Arctic Observing Earth in also is UNIS Svalbard. on animportant research for house is clearing It platform. research as international Svalbard of an research, development quality the to high contribute out to and carry to studies, Arctic education in level university provide to are a goals UNIS’s also Research. and Education of (UNIS), Ministry Norwegian the by Svalbard owned company, share-holding a in is FRAM, of member Centre University The Icebreaker vessel 10 which shouldbeready for delivery in2015. Polar research ice-class of an Haakon”, “Kronprins construction the commissioned has Norway of University Arctic The UiT and Research, Marine for Institute the Institute, Polar Norwegian The to the use of the station for research and education. and research Svanhovd Bioforsk for station the of use the equal rights have to and Bergen of Universities the that condition the on provided was station the building owner,official for the funding state is Oslo of University the Evenplateau.mountainHardangerviddathough the Alpine Finse initiative. EU-INTERACT CentreResearch the of part are stations Norwegian two stations, research of terms In research andmonitoring plaforms. all from processes of biological and studies chemical geophysical, the integrates that Svalbard System around Observing and Earth in Arctic an establish to is SIOS The Institute of Marine Research Marine of Institute The related research inanArctic context. extraction- petroleum several on focus brings to together institutions and 2012 in state Norwegian the money from seed received Tromsø, in seated be to centre, latter The Arctic. the in Activities Petroleum for Centre 68. www.chnl.no/ dim2=19514 id=19512&p_menu_id=19528%20%20%20&p_sub_id=19513&p_ 67.www.bioforsk.no/ikbViewer/page/prosjekt/hovedtema?p_dimension_ 66. www.finse.uio.no/ Hovedsidemal&cid=1234130481072 65. www.sios-svalbard.org/servlet/Satellite?c=Page&pagename=sios/ They_Bear.pdf/en 64. 63. www.imr.no/en The Centre for High North Logistics (CHNL) Logistics North High for Centre The It islocated inthePasvik area inNorth-East Norway. (Bioforsk). Research Environmental and Agricultural for by the Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs. The Affairs. Coastal and institute owns several research Fisheries vessels to this end of Ministry the by financed are activities their of 50% About zone. coastal Norwegian the and Sea North the Sea, Norwegian the Sea, Barents the of ecosystems the and aquaculture on authorities Norwegian to advice provide to is task main FRAM, is Norway’s largest centre of marine science. Their established as an international knowledge hub for hub knowledge international an as established www.imr.no/filarkiv/2003/12/Our_Ships_And_The_Men_Whose_Names_

65 se al 22. h oeal ol of goal overall The 2.2). table (see 66 is located is the northwestern in partof 67 belongs to the Norwegian Institute Norwegian the to belongs 63 ,

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IV. IV. Protection oftheArctic Marine Environment (PAME) research and the matters of the Stefansson Arctic Stefansson Institute Arctic the Stefansson of The Institute. matters the in Arctic and research partners between cooperation enforce and to mission strengthen the committeelegally with bound the for Ministry Affairs a is Committee The Icelandic Resource.Natural and Environment the Arctic of operates auspices the on norðurslóða), under málefni Committee um Joint (Samvinnunefnd Icelandic The in collaborative international projects inscienceand technology. participation Icelandic promotes and - 128 - 76. http://www.arcticportal.org/ 75. http://www.pame.is/ 74. http://www.caff.is/ 73. http://www.rha.is/nrf 72. http://www.svs.is/english/ 71. http://www.rannis.is/ 70.www.statoil.com/en/OurOperations/FarNorth/Pages/default.aspx +Transportation+Information+System%29 69. The Icelandic Centre for Research (RANNIS) ICELAND the in logistics Arctic and shipping resources, non-living on a (ARCTIS), System knowledge hub to provide the best available Information information Transportation and Resources Arctic database, online an of creation the is initiatives their of One areas. sea northern for solutions so authorities logistics sustainable and effective and develop can they that institutions research businesses, The secretariat for the Norther Research Forum (NRF) ForumResearch Norther the secretariatfor The Arctic the in region. development sustainable of dimension Icelandic Ministry for the Environment with a the focus on the human of institute independent an is Akureyri, Sta Since Also located in Akureyri is the Arctic Portal Arctic the is Akureyri in located Also Conservation of Arctic Fauna and Flora (CAFF) and Flora Fauna Arctic byIceland, of Conservation hosted secretariats Council Arctic two as the to global significance. relevant They have are located in the to same building believed problems and agenda and Northern contemporary issues on research intensive and a wide range of other arctic promote stakeholder; it facilitates to communityresearch the is of members between dialogue the Forum of purpose Research The Northern Akureyri. of University the and Akureyri in Institute Arctic Stefansson the by shared is the challenges ofoilandgas extraction inthenorth. researchdevelopmentand programs tailored tomeet has in conducting initiative corporate Statoil institutional an taken north, the in development infrastructural the far north of the Norwegian continental shelf. Besides majority share, has a dedicated Arctic unit and a specific focus on a holds government Norwegian the which in toil www.arctis-search.com/ARCTIS+Database+%28Arctic+Resources+and

69 70 much of its activities take place in the Arctic, in place take activities its of much . , the Norwegian oil and gas extraction company extraction gas and oil Norwegian the 72 71 lctd in located , coordinates 76 initiative, 74 and 75 . 73

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IV.

Chapter cover image: Musk oxen in snow. Photo: GettyImages V. CONCLUSION Categorising initiatives has not been a formulaic task, as the drivers behind initiatives often make them The Arctic Initiatives Compendium set out to present incommensurable. Every nation state, for example, some of the flagship initiatives undertaken in the Arctic has different constellations of institutions tasked with regions by member states and actors operating within managing and conducting polar research, and even more states belonging to the EU and/or the EEA. Even when complex are commercial initiatives as the ways in which just skimming the surface, it is clear that a large number they are associated with countries differ vastly. This can of initiatives are being undertaken, and that capacity is lead to questions to what extent a commercial initiative being built to launch these initiatives. Is also clear that can really be tied to a country. The Norwegian government, Arctic initiatives do not necessarily operate exclusively for example, is a majority shareholder of Statoil, whereas in the Arctic, and that not all initiatives undertaken in the French government has very few shares in Total – even the Arctic self-identify as Arctic. What is clear though is though it is known as a French multinational. Therefore a that not all knowledge about the Arctic is produced by narrative style is more suited to a compendium in booklet research projects. Although scientific remains a central form. A continuously updated searchable electronic tenet in understanding the Arctic, there are many other, database with proper meta-data would be much more sometimes nebulous, sometimes targeted, initiatives that servicable. The tractability and longevity of recently affect how the Arctic is known. started initiatives are hard to judge, and a volume such as this will be quickly outdated. It is extremely important Besides research and other knowledge production that entities supplying information about their Arctic initiatives, the EU is contributing substantial resources initiatives understand how the information is to be used to sustainable arctic communities through a variety of and what value it may have for them. Furthermore, due to instruments, contributions that are easy to overlook the sheer heterogeneity of EU and EEA members, it would since they do not appear in CORDIS and very often do no be difficult to capture a birds-eye view of initiatives in the contain the keyword Arctic. Arctic without access to information being facilitated by network partners. Whilst the primary goal of the compendium has been providing information about the Arctic, much can also be learnt from the process of compiling the compendium.

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