The Effect of the Ethanol Extract from the Dracontium Spruceanum Rhizome on Hematologic and Biochemical Profiles and Performance Parameters of Broiler Chickens
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Scientia Agropecuaria 9(2): 411 – 416 (2018) a. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Scientia Agropecuaria Universidad Nacional de Website: http://revistas.unitru.edu.pe/index.php/scientiaagrop Trujillo The effect of the ethanol extract from the Dracontium spruceanum rhizome on hematologic and biochemical profiles and performance parameters of broiler chickens Daniel Paredes-López*; Rizal Robles-Huaynate; Darío Mendoza-Isla; Clarita Mendoza-Pérez; Hugo Saavedra-Rodríguez Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva, Carretera Central Km 1.21, Po Box 156, Tingo María, Peru. Received August 10, 2017. Accepted September 4, 2018. Abstract The objective of the research was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and effect of the ethanol extract from the Dracontium spruceanum rhizome (EERDs) on the blood, biochemical and productive parameters of chickens. To do so, ninety, male, Cobb 500 broiler chickens were used. Once the dehydrated extract was obtained, it was place in the drinking water at concentrations of 0.0, 0.35 and 0.70 mg/mL of EERDs. The birds were distributed into three treatments, five repetitions and each repetition had six chickens. The variance analysis was done with the statistical program InfoStat and the averages of the treatments were analyzed with the 5% Tukey test. The results showed that chickens that consumed drinking water with EERDs presented (p < 0.05) greater concentrations of hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocytes; meanwhile, the serum protein and the glucose did not change (p > 0.05). The daily food consumption diminished (p < 0.05) and the DWG and FRC were not influenced (p > 0.05) by the consumption of EERDs in the drinking water. It is concluded that the consumption of EERDs by broiler chickens from 1 to 35 days of age produces greater concentrations of the levels of red blood cells and diminishes the feed intake. Keywords: Dracontium spruceanum; hematocrit; productive performance; antioxidant capacity. 1. Introduction stress and the productive indices, The intensive production of domestic ani- traditionally, we resort to the use of mals, conditions them to stressful oxidative pharmaceuticals which, on one hand, processes, due to the handling conditions develop microorganism’s resistant to the such as the confinement, the breeding drugs and on the other hand, generate density, productive stage, etc. (Huerta- residuals in the derived products that could Jimenez et al., 2005; Koknaroglu and have collateral effects for the consumer Akunal, 2013). (Bistoletti et. al., 2011; Sakai et al., 2016). Oxidative stress occurs in all animal Due to this, at present the industry is intro- species, above all, in those with early ducing natural antioxidants to eliminate the growth, like the broiler chicken, which due factors that negatively affect production to its physiological characteristics and (Jahanian and Mirfendereski, 2015; intense metabolic activity, is permanently Boostani et al., 2015; Gerasopoulos et al., producing oxidative substances (DrÖge, 2015; Soltani et al., 2016). 2002). To overcome this demand, the first Dracontium spruceanum is a plant in the line of action of the organism is to resort to Peruvian Amazon which is characterized by its endogenous antioxidant reserves and its antioxidant and immunomodulatory the use of nutrients to alleviate the negative properties (Giovannini and Howes 2017; effects. Benavides et al., 2009; Napolitano et al., To improve the adverse effects of oxidative 2011; Lovera et al., 2006); due to this, its --------- * Corresponding author © 2018 All rights reserved E-mail: [email protected] (D. Paredes-López). DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2018.03.12 -411- Daniel Paredes-López et al. / Scientia Agropecuaria 9(3) 411 – 416 (2018) use in the feeding of broiler chickens could with a factorial arrangement of 3 x 2 + 1 improve their well-being and health. The (three levels of EERDs x 2 ages + 1 control). objective was to determine the effect of the The productive performance parameters ethanol extract from the Dracontium were submitted to a completely randomized spruceanum rhizome in the well-being and design (CRD) with three treatments, five health of broiler chickens under an inten- repetitions and each repetition with six sive rearing system, through the evaluation chickens. The variance analyses were done of the in vitro antioxidant activity, blood with the statistical program InfoStat profiles and productive parameters. (Universidad Nacional de Cordova, 2016) and the averages were compared using the 2. Materials and methods Tukey test (5%). Obtaining the Ethanol Extract from the Dracontium spruceanum Rhizome 3. Results and discussion For this, a 200 g sample of the rhizome, Antioxidant Activity of the Ethanol Extract dried and crushed, was placed in a jar, from the Dracontium spruceanum Rhizome later ethanol was added at 75% to reach The inhibition capacity was related to the one liter and it was left macerating for forty- concentration of EERDs, with T1 (250 eight hours. Later, the suspension was µg/mL) showing the greatest free radical stirred and filtered with cotton. The filtered inhibition capacity (p < 0.05) (Table 1). substance, containing the extract, was submitted to evaporation of the ethanol, Table 1 using a rota vapor and finally, finished Effect of the Ethanol Extract from the Dracontium drying in an oven at 65 °C. The ethanol spruceanum Rhizome (EERDs) on the in vitro inhibition of DPPH extract obtained was packaged and stored. Concentration de Absorbance Inhibition Determining the antioxidant activity in vitro EERDs 515nm (%) e The antioxidant capacity of the ethanolic T1: 250 µg/mL 0.260 ± 0.01 71.92 extract from D. spruceanum, was evaluated d T2: 175 µg/mL 0.403 ± 0.01 56.56 using the method of sequestering the free T3: 125 µg/mL 0.577 ± 0.01 c radical 1,1 diphenil-2-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) 37.79 b (100 uM) (Brand-Williams et al., 1994; T4: 75 µg/mL 0.752 ± 0.01 18.88 a Sánchez-Moreno, 2002), causing a reaction T5: 25 µg/mL 0.858 ± 0.01 7.41 Different letters in the same column indicate statistical with 25, 75, 125, 175 and 250 µg/mL of differences (SNK 5%). EERDs; the readings were done in a UV light spectrophotometer and Electron By the linear equation, it was determined Corporation visual, Genesys-6 model, with that he concentration of EERDs required to a 515 nm filter, every thirty seconds for a inhibit the DPPH at 50% was 164.37 µg/mL total time of ten minutes. (Figure 1). The treatments with 25 µg/mL The percentage of inhibition of the DPPH and 250 µg/mL generate an inhibition of obtained by each of the concentrations was 7.41 and 71.92%, respectively; showing used to determine the Inhibition Coefficient that the greater the concentration of (IC50), which was expressed in µg/mL, EERDs, the greater the inhibition of the indicating the necessary quantity of the DPPH radical. Velandia (2009), did a test on aqueous atomized extract from D. the antioxidant activities, with fraction and spruceanum to inhibit, at 50%, the DPPH extracts from Dracontium croatti, at radical. different concentrations (1-100 μg/ml), with Experimental Animals butanol, on the retention effect of the The work was done with ninety baby male DPPH; obtaining an IC50 with 25.12 μg/ml of chickens from the Cobb Vantress 500 the extract. This difference could be breed, with an average weight of 46.11 ± associated to the specie of Dracontium. 1.6 g; which were distributed into three The antioxidant activity of Dracontium treatments, with five repetitions and each spruceanum could be associated to the repetition with six birds, which were bred presence of highly unsaturated nuclei such under similar handling and feeding as polyphenols, flavonoids and quinones conditions. Three balanced diets were (Rivera, 2012), as well as to the presence of formulated, the composition of which was aromatic compounds like sterols, triter- according to the requirements of the breed penoids and alkaloids (Rengifo, 2007). In a (Rostagno et al., 2011). similar study with an aqueous atomized extract from Uncaria tomentosa, it was Design and Statistical Analysis found that the inhibition of the DPPH radical The hematological profiles were submitted was 88.17% with 250 µg/ml of the extract to a completely randomized design CRD (Sandoval, 2012). -412- Daniel Paredes-López et al. / Scientia Agropecuaria 9(3) 411 – 416 (2018) Table 2 Hematological and biochemical profiles of broiler chickens under the effect of EERDs in the drinking water at different age Hematocrit Erythrocytes Serum Protein Factors Hemoglobin (g/dL) Glucose (g/dL) (%) (x106/uL) (g/dL) EERDs Age 0.027 0.008 0.012 0.978 0.111 E x A 0.011 0.001 0.001 0.007 0.012 0.002 0.032 0.049 0.411 0.756 cv (%) 9.57 19.35 21.83 18.78 6.47 Level of EERDs 0.00 mg/mL 24.84b 8.12b 1.28b 2.33 195.0 0.35 mg/mL 25.53a 8.98b 1.72a 2.29 205.0 0.70 mg/mL 26.54a 10.39a 1.89a 2.27 200.0 Age in Days 1 day 25.73ab 6.87c 0.743c 2.49a 192.0b 14 days 26.37a 8.31b 1.36b 2.44a 196.0b 28 days 24.61b 10.44a 2.08a 2.10b 206.0a abc: Different letters in the same column indicate statistical differences (SNK 5%). EERDs: Ethanol extract from the Dracontium spruceanum rhizome. This profile also increased as an effect of the age of chickens up to fourteen days only in the control group, (p < 0.05) (Tables 2 and 3). This could be associated to the fact that the antioxidant effect of the EERDs on the cells allows for a lengthening of the life of the erythrocytes, covering up the effect of age on erythrocytes life span in the treatment groups chickens; contrasting with the physiological patterns which are characterized by a progressive increase in Figure 1.