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Appendix I: Number of Intercessionary Acts

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Appendix I: Number of Intercessionary Acts A PPENDIX I: NUMBER OF INTERCESSIONARY ACTS Y e a r Margaret Isabella P h i l i p p a Sept 1299– 1 x x Dec 1299 1300 9 x x 1301 3 x x 1302 6 x x 1303 8 x x 1304 5 x x 1305 13 x x 1306 5 x x 1307 5 x x 1308 0 6 x 1309 2 4 x 1310 2 6 x 1311 1 5 x 1312 0 3 x 1313 0 11 x 1 3 1 4 0 1 0 x 1315 1 9 x 1316 1 3 x 1317 0 13 x 1318 1 1 x 1319 x 6 x 1320 x 3 x 1321 x 0 x 1322 x 0 x 1323 x 0 x 1324 x 0 x 1325 x 0 x 1326 x 0 x 1 3 2 7 x 1 6 x 1328 x 8 2 1329 x 10 2 Continued Appendix I Continued Year Margaret Isabella P h i l i p p a 1330 x 7 0 1331 x 0 12 1332 x 0 3 1333 x 2 3 1334 x 0 0 1335 x 0 2 1336 x 1 1 1337 x 3 6 1338 x 1 9 1339 x 0 1 1340 x 2 1 1341 x 3 3 1342 x 4 1 1343 x 4 3 1344 x 4 2 1345 x 4 5 1346 x 5 1 1347 x 1 1 1348 x 1 6 1349 x 2 2 1350 x 2 0 1351 x 3 1 1352 x 1 1 1353 x 1 0 1354 x 2 0 1355 x 5 1 1356 x 7 4 1357 x 3 0 1358 x 0 0 1359 x x 1 1360 x x 0 1361 x x 0 1362 x x 1 1363 x x 4 1364 x x 4 1365 x x 1 1366 x x 0 1367 x x 6 1368 x x 1 1369 x x 0 Continued Appendix I Continued Average Average Total number number average per year per year number as consort as dowager per year as queen Margaret 6 .75 3.15 I s a b e l l a 3 . 5 7 4 . 2 1 3 . 5 7 Philippa 2.2 N/A 2.2 N OTES 1 Modern Studies of Queenship 1 . J. H. Round, “The Landing of Queen Isabella in 1326,” EHR 14 (1899): 104–105; Joseph Hunter, “The Mission of Queen Isabella to the Court of France and of Her Long Residence in That Country,” Archaeologia 36 (1855): 242–256; Agnes Strickland, Lives of the Queens of England, from the Norman Conquest, 6 vols. (London: Henry Colburn, 1840–1849); Blanche C. Hardy, Philippa of Hainault and Her Times (London: John Long, 1910). 2 . Elizabeth A. R. Brown, “The Political Repercussions of the Marriage of Edward II of England and Isabelle of France,” Speculum 63 (1988): 573–595; Caroline Shenton, “Edward III and the Coup of 1330,” in The Age of Edward III, ed. J. S. Bothwell (York: York Medieval Press, 2001), 13–34; Claire Valente, “The Deposition and Abdication of Edward II,” EHR 113 (1998): 852–881; F. D. Blackley, “Isabella of France, Queen of England (1308–1358) and the Late Medieval Cult of the Dead,” Canadian Journal of History 15 (1980): 23–47; Anne Rudolf Stanton, The Queen Mary Psalter: A Study of Affect and Audience (Philadelphia, PA: American Philosophical Society, 2001); Julia Marvin, “Albine and Isabella: Regicidal Queens and the Historical Imagination of the Anglo-Norman Prose Brut Chronicles,” Arthurian Literature 18 (2001): 143–191; John Carmi Parsons, “The Intercessionary Patronage of Queen Margaret and Isabella of France,” in Thirteenth-Century England VI, ed. Michael Prestwich, R. H. Britnell, and Robin Frame (Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 1995), 145–156; Sophie Menache, “Isabelle of France, Queen of England: A Reconsideration,” JMH 10 (1984): 107–124; Michael Bennett, “Isabella of France, Anglo-French Diplomacy and Cultural Exchange in the Late 1350s,” in The Age of Edward III, ed. J. S. Bothwell (York: York Medieval Press, 2001), 215–225; Hilda Johnstone, “Isabella, the She Wolf,” History 21 (1936): 208–218; Veronica Sekules, “Dynasty and Patrimony in the Self-Construction of an English Queen,” in England and the Continent in the Middle Ages, ed. John Mitchell and Matthew Moran (Donington: Shaun Tyas/Paul Watkins Publishing, 2000), 157–174; Caroline Shenton, “Philippa of Hainault’s Churchings: The Politics 176 Notes of Motherhood,” in Family and Dynasty in Late Medieval England, ed. Richardson Eales and Shaun Tyas (Donington: Shaun Tyas /Paul Watkins Publishing, 2003), 105–121; Michael A. Michael, “A Manuscript Wedding Gift from Philippa of Hainault to Edward III,” Burlington Magazine 127 (1985): 582–599. 3 . M i c h a e l P r e s t w i c h , Edward I (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997); Roy Martin Haines, King Edward II: Edward of Caernarfon, His Life, His Reign, and Its Aftermath, 1284–1330 (Montreal: McGill Queen’s University Press, 2006); W. M. Ormrod, Edward III (Stroud: Tempus, 2005); Seymour Phillips, Edward II (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010); W. M. Ormrod, Edward III (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011); Natalie Fryde, The Tyranny and Fall of Edward II, 1321–1326 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979). 4 . H e l e n C a s t o r , She-Wolves: The Women Who Ruled England before Elizabeth (New York: Harper Collins, 2011); Paul Doherty, Isabella and the Strange Death of Edward II (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003); Paul Doherty, “Isabella, Queen of England 1296–1330” (PhD diss., University of Oxford, 1977); Alison Weir, Queen Isabella: Treachery, Adultery, and Murder in Medieval England (New York: Ballantine Books, 2005); Katherine G. Allocco, “Intercessor, Rebel, Regent: The Political Life of Isabella of France” (PhD diss., University of Texas, Austin, 2004). Allocco’s thesis became available during the course of the research and writing of this book. The work presented in this book is based on my own research and will cite Allocco when this study relies directly on her work. 5 . W. M. Ormrod, “Love and War in 1294,” in Thirteenth-Century England VIII, ed. Michael Prestwich (Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 2001), 143–152. 6 . TNA, SC 1/14/112; TNA, SC 1/19/112a; TNA, SC 1/31/184; TNA, SC 1/14/111; TNA, SC 1/12/203, 204. 7 . See section 5.4 “Achieved Power and Authority: Children as Adults.” 8 . See section 5.4 “Achieved Power and Authority: Children as Adults.” 9 . See section 5.4 “Achieved Power and Authority: Children as Adults.” 10 . See section 3.3 “Manipulating Intercession” for more detail about the Leeds Castle incident. 11 . Scholars believe overwhelmingly that Isabella and Mortimer were lovers, but recently Seymour Phillips has expressed doubt that their relationship was anything more than political: Phillips, Edward II , 491. 12 . A regency council was established, and Henry, duke of Lancaster, was made keeper of the king’s body. Notes 177 13 . John Carmi Parsons, “Isabella (1295–1358),” ODNB , vol. 29, 419–422. 14 . W. M. Ormrod, Edward III (2005), 126–127. 15 . W. M. Ormrod, “The Royal Nursery: A Household for the Younger Children of Edward III,” EHR 120 (2005): 401; W. M. Ormrod, “Edward III and His Family,” Journal of British Studies 26 (1987): 399; Juliet Vale, “Philippa (1310/15–1358),” ODNB , vol. 44, 35–37. 1 6 . O r m o r d , Edward III (2005), 128. 1 7 . CPR, 1364–1367, 109; CPR, 1364–1367, 114; CPR, 1364–1367, 235. 18 . Juliet Vale, “Philippa (1310/15–1358),” ODNB , vol. 44, 35–37. 1 9 . A l c u i n B l a m i e r s , Women Defamed and Defended: An Anthology of Medieval Texts (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992), 2. 2 0 . B l a m i e r s , Women Defamed and Defended, 3–5. 21 . For example, Strickland, Lives of the Queens of England; Mary Anne Everett Green, Lives of the Princesses of England, from the Norman Conquest, 6 vols. (London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longman & Roberts, 1857). 22 . Charles Beem, The Lioness Roared: The Problems of Female Rule in English History (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006), 15. 2 3 . B e e m , The Lioness Roared , 15. 2 4 . E i l e e n P o w e r , Medieval Women , ed. M. M. Postan (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975). 2 5 . A l c u i n B l a m i r e s , The Case for Medieval Women (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998). 26 . Pauline Stafford, “Fathers and Daughters in Early Medieval England,” Centre for Medieval Studies’ Annual Riddy Lecture, University of York, Thursday, November 12, 2009. 2 7 . J u d i t h B u t l e r , Undoing Gender (New York: Routledge, 2004), 1–16, 59; Catherine A. MacKinnon, “Feminism, Marxism, Method and the State: An Agenda for Theory,” in Feminist Theory: A Critique of Ideology, ed. Nannerl O. Keohane, Michelle Z. Rosaldo, and Barbara C. Gelpi (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982), 17. 2 8 . B u t l e r , Undoing Gender, 42. 2 9 . S . H . R i g b y , English Society in the Later Middle Ages: Class, Status, and Gender (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1995), 243. 3 0 . E v e K o s o f s k y S e d g w i c k , Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985), 22. 3 1 . B e e m , The Lioness Roars, 3–4; Judith Bennett, “Medievalism and Feminism,” Speculum 68 (1993): 312, 315–316, 320–323.
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