DOCSLIB.ORG

ABOMINAL CAVITY Part Three

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ABDOMINAL CAVITY the third lecture Abdominal cavity – third part Small intestine (small bowel) Large intestine (large bowel) Lymphatic drainage of the intestine Innervation of the intestine Unpaired visceral branches of the aorta Small intestine Consists of: - duodenum - jejunum - ileum Extends from the pylorus to the ileocecal junction Duodenum First and shorter part of the small intestine The widest and most fixed part Pursues a C-shaped course around the head of the pancreas Begins at the pylorus on the right side and ends at the duodenojejunal junction (duodenojejunal flexure) on the left side (at the level of the L2 vertebra, 2 to 3 cm to the left of the midline) Duodenum Divides into four parts: superior (1st), descending (2nd), horizontal (3rd), ascending (4th). Superior (first) part of duodenum Short, aproximately 5cm Lies anterolateraly to the body of L1 vertebra Ascends from the pylorus and is overlapped by the liver and gallbladder The first 2 cm, immediately distal to the pylorus has a mesentary and is mobile- - ampulla (duodenal cap) Ampulla superiorly attached by the hepatoduodenal ligament and the greater omentum inferiorly Relationship of the duodenum Superior (1st part)- L1 vertebra anterior: peritoneum gallblader quadrate lobe of liver posterior: common bile duct, gastroduodenal artery, portal vein, inferior vena cava superior: neck of gallblader inferior: neck of pancreas Descending (2nd) part of the duodenum Runs inferiorly Curving around the head of the pancreas Initially lies to the right and parallel to the inferior vena cava The common bile and pancreatic ducts enter its posteromedial wall (the eminence- the major duodenal papilla) Entirely retroperitoneal (secondary retroperitoneal) Relationship of the duodenum Descending (2nd part)- L2/L3 vertebra anterior: transverse colon, transverse mesocolon, coils of small intestine posterior: hilum of right kidney, renal vessels, ureter, psoas major medial: head of pancreas, pancreatic duct, common bile duct The inferior (horizontal) part of the duodenum Runs transversely to the left, passing over the inferior vena cava, aorta and L3 vertebra Is crossed by the superior mesenteric artery and vein and the root of the mesentery of the jejunum and ileum The anterior surface- covered with peritoneum Superiorly – the head and uncinate process of pancreas Posteriorly- separated from the vertebral column by the right psoas major, inferior vena cava, aorta and the right testicular/ovarian vessels Relationship of the duodenum Horizontal (3rd) part, anterior to L3 vertebra anterior: superior mesenteric artery superior mesenteric vein, coils of small intestine posterior: right psoas major, right ureter, inferior vena cava, abdominal aorta superior: head and uncinate process of pancreas, superior mesenteric artery superior mesenteric vein The ascending part (fourth) of the duodenum Runs superiorly and along the left side of the aorta to reach the inferior border of the body of the pancreas Curves anteriorly to join the jejunum at the duodenojejunal junction, takes the form of an acute angle – the duodenojejunal flexure (supported by the ligament of Treitz) Two or three inconstant folds and fossae are around the duodenojejunal junction If the loop of intestine enters this fossa, it may strangulate Ligament of Treitz Supports the duodenojejunal flexure Suspensory muscle Composed of a slip of skeletal muscle from diaphragm and a fibromuscular band of smooth muscle from the third and fourth parts of the duodenum Contraction of this muscle widens the angle of the flexure, facilitating movement of the intestinal contents Passes posterior to the pancreas and splenic vein and anterior to the left renal vein Relationship of the duodenum Ascending (4th)part, left of L3 vertebra anterior: the root of mesentery, coils of jejunum posterior: left psoas major, left margin of aorta medial: head of pancreas superior: body of pancreas Abdominal aorta Unpaired visceral branches: celiac trunk superior mesenteric artery inferior mesenteric artery Arteries of the duodenum From the celiac trunk (via the gastroduodenal artery) and the superior mesenteric artery The anastomosis between them occurs approximately at the level of entry of the common bile duct The pancreaticoduodenal arteries (superior and inferior) lie in the curve between the duodenum and the head of the pancreas Veins of duodenum Follow the arteries and drain into the portal vein or through the superior mesenteric and splenic veins Lymphatic vessels of the duodenum Anterior- drain into the pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes located along the superior and inferior pancreatico- duodenal arteries Anterior- also drain into the pyloric lymph nodes that lie along the gastroduodenal artery Posterior- drain into the superior mesenteric nodes Efferent lymphatic vessels- drain into the celiac lymph nodes (form the intestinal lymphatic trunk) The nerves of duodenum From the vagus and sympathetic nerves through the celiac and superior mesenteric plexuses on the pancreaticoduodenal arteries Jejunum and ileum The jejunum begins at the duodenojejunal flexure The ileum ends at the ileocecal junction – the union of the terminal ileum and the cecum Together: 6 to 7 meters long The jejunum constituting approximately two-fifths and the ileum approximately three-fifths No clear line of the demarcation between the jejunum and the ileum The differences between jejunum and ileum Color: deeper red (paler pink) Caliber: 2-4cm (2-3cm) Wall: thick and heavy (thin and light) Circular folds (plicae circulares): large, tall and closely packed (low and sparse, absent in distal part) Lymphoid nodules (Peyer’s patches): few (many) The differences between jejunum and ileum Vascularity: greater (less) Vasa recta (straight arteries): long (short) Loops of arcades: a few large (many short) Jejunum and ileum The layers of small intestine Intestinal villi - tiny projections of the mucous membrane - increase the internal absorptive surface area of the intestinal wall Lacteals Specialized lymphatic vessels in the intestinal villi Absorb fat Drain in turn into lymphatic vessels between the layers of the mesentery Ileal (Meckel’s) diverticulum The most common problem that occurs in the digestive system Congenital disease A remnant of the proximal part of the embryonic yolk stalk 50 cm from the ileocecal junction (30-60 cm in infants) Occurs in 1 out of every 50 people Diffucult to diagnose Symptoms are mistaken for appendicitis or a peptic ulcer The mesentery of the small intestine A fan-shaped fold of peritoneum- attaches the jejunum and ileum to the posterior abdominal wall Extends from the duodenojejunal juction on the left side of the L2 vertebra to the ileocolic junction and the right sacroiliac joint The average breadth of the mesentery from its root to the intestinal border is 20 cm The root of the mesentery Crosses: Ascending and horizontal parts of the duodenum Abdominal aorta Inferior vena cava Right ureter Right psoas major Right testicular/ovarian vessels Superior mesenteric artery Arises from the abdominal aorta at the level of the L1 vertebra, approximately 1 cm inferior to the celiac trunk Runs between the layers of the mesentery, Sends 15 to 18 branches to the jejunum and ileum. Arterial arcades (arches, loops) - the union of the branches, give rise to straight arteries (the vasa recta) Relations of superior mesenteric vein and artery in root of mesentery Lies anterior and to the right of the superior mesenteric artery in the root of mesentery of the small intestine Superior mesenteric vein Ends posteriorly to the neck of the pancreas Unites with the splenic vein to form the portal vein Lymph vessels and nodes of the small intestine The lymphatic vessels pass between the layers of the mesentery The lymph nodes are close to the intestinal wall (juxta- intestinal), among the arterial arcades (mesenteric) and along the proximal part of the superior mesenteric artery (superior, central) Efferent vessels from mesenteric lymph nodes drain to the superior mesenteric (central) lymph nodes From the terminal ileum through ileocolic lymph nodes Innervation of the small intestine Presynaptic sympathetic fibers reach celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia (prevertebral) through greater and lesser splanchnic nerves Parasympathetic fibers (presynaptic nerves) derive from posterior vagal trunk and synapse with intrinsic postsynaptic neurons in the wall (Auerbach plexus- myenteric plexus) Referred site – umbilical region Innervation of the small intestine Sympathetic stimulation – reduces motility and secretion of the intestine and acts as vasoconstrictor (reducing or stopping digestion and making blood (and energy) available for fleeing or fighting Parasympathetic stimulation increases motility and secretion of the intestine, restoring digestive activity Large intestine Consists of: Cecum with appendix Colon: ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid Rectum and anal canal The large intestine The differences between small and large intestine Teniae coli (omental, mesocolic, free)- three thickned bands of muscle Haustra- sacculations of the colon between the teniae Omental appendices- small fatty projections of the omentum Caliber- the internal diameter is much longer Semilunar folds (internal surface) The cecum The first part of the large intestine Continuous with the ascending colon A blind intestinal pouch Approximately 7.5cm in both length and breadth Lies in the right lower quadrant (iliac fossa) Lies inferior to the junction of the terminal ileum and the cecum Ileocecal
Recommended publications
  • The Anatomy of the Rectum and Anal Canal

    The Anatomy of the Rectum and Anal Canal

    BASIC SCIENCE identify the rectosigmoid junction with confidence at operation. The anatomy of the rectum The rectosigmoid junction usually lies approximately 6 cm below the level of the sacral promontory. Approached from the distal and anal canal end, however, as when performing a rigid or flexible sigmoid- oscopy, the rectosigmoid junction is seen to be 14e18 cm from Vishy Mahadevan the anal verge, and 18 cm is usually taken as the measurement for audit purposes. The rectum in the adult measures 10e14 cm in length. Abstract Diseases of the rectum and anal canal, both benign and malignant, Relationship of the peritoneum to the rectum account for a very large part of colorectal surgical practice in the UK. Unlike the transverse colon and sigmoid colon, the rectum lacks This article emphasizes the surgically-relevant aspects of the anatomy a mesentery (Figure 1). The posterior aspect of the rectum is thus of the rectum and anal canal. entirely free of a peritoneal covering. In this respect the rectum resembles the ascending and descending segments of the colon, Keywords Anal cushions; inferior hypogastric plexus; internal and and all of these segments may be therefore be spoken of as external anal sphincters; lymphatic drainage of rectum and anal canal; retroperitoneal. The precise relationship of the peritoneum to the mesorectum; perineum; rectal blood supply rectum is as follows: the upper third of the rectum is covered by peritoneum on its anterior and lateral surfaces; the middle third of the rectum is covered by peritoneum only on its anterior 1 The rectum is the direct continuation of the sigmoid colon and surface while the lower third of the rectum is below the level of commences in front of the body of the third sacral vertebra.
  • Rectum & Anal Canal

    Rectum & Anal Canal

    Rectum & Anal canal Dr Brijendra Singh Prof & Head Anatomy AIIMS Rishikesh 27/04/2019 EMBRYOLOGICAL basis – Nerve Supply of GUT •Origin: Foregut (endoderm) •Nerve supply: (Autonomic): Sympathetic Greater Splanchnic T5-T9 + Vagus – Coeliac trunk T12 •Origin: Midgut (endoderm) •Nerve supply: (Autonomic): Sympathetic Lesser Splanchnic T10 T11 + Vagus – Sup Mesenteric artery L1 •Origin: Hindgut (endoderm) •Nerve supply: (Autonomic): Sympathetic Least Splanchnic T12 L1 + Hypogastric S2S3S4 – Inferior Mesenteric Artery L3 •Origin :lower 1/3 of anal canal – ectoderm •Nerve Supply: Somatic (inferior rectal Nerves) Rectum •Straight – quadrupeds •Curved anteriorly – puborectalis levator ani •Part of large intestine – continuation of sigmoid colon , but lacks Mesentery , taeniae coli , sacculations & haustrations & appendices epiploicae. •Starts – S3 anorectal junction – ant to tip of coccyx – apex of prostate •12 cms – 5 inches - transverse slit •Ampulla – lower part Development •Mucosa above Houstons 3rd valve endoderm pre allantoic part of hind gut. •Mucosa below Houstons 3rd valve upto anal valves – endoderm from dorsal part of endodermal cloaca. •Musculature of rectum is derived from splanchnic mesoderm surrounding cloaca. •Proctodeum the surface ectoderm – muco- cutaneous junction. •Anal membrane disappears – and rectum communicates outside through anal canal. Location & peritoneal relations of Rectum S3 1 inch infront of coccyx Rectum • Beginning: continuation of sigmoid colon at S3. • Termination: continues as anal canal, • one inch below
  • Gross Anatomy

    Gross Anatomy

    www.BookOfLinks.com THE BIG PICTURE GROSS ANATOMY www.BookOfLinks.com Notice Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the infor- mation contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs. www.BookOfLinks.com THE BIG PICTURE GROSS ANATOMY David A. Morton, PhD Associate Professor Anatomy Director Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City, Utah K. Bo Foreman, PhD, PT Assistant Professor Anatomy Director University of Utah College of Health Salt Lake City, Utah Kurt H.
  • Name: David Daniella Christabel Matric Number: 18/MHS03/002 Department: Anatomy College: Medicine and Health Sciences Course Code: Ana 212

    Name: David Daniella Christabel Matric Number: 18/MHS03/002 Department: Anatomy College: Medicine and Health Sciences Course Code: Ana 212

    Name: David Daniella Christabel Matric Number: 18/MHS03/002 Department: Anatomy College: Medicine And Health Sciences Course Code: Ana 212 Question: Discuss the anal canal. The anal canal is the terminal segment of the large intestine between the rectum and the anus. The anal canal is located within the anal triangle of the perineum between the right and left ischioanal fosse. It is the final segment of the gastrointestinal tract, around 4cm in length. The canal begins as a continuation of the rectum and passes inferoposteriorly to terminate at the anus. Anal canal is traditionally divided into two segments, upper and lower, separated by the pectinate line also known as the dentate line. Except during defecation, the anal canal is collapsed by the internal and external sphincters to prevent the passage of faecal material. The anal canal is surrounded by internal and external anal sphincters, which play a crucial role in the maintenance of the faecal continence. • Internal Anal Sphincters: surrounds the upper 2/3 of the anal canal. It is formed from a thickening of the involuntary circular smooth muscle in the bowel wall. • External Anal Sphincter: voluntary muscle that surrounds the lower 2/3 of the anal canal (and so overlaps with the internal sphincter). It blends superiorly with the puborecrtalis muscle of the pelvic floor. At the junction of the rectum and the anal canal, there is a muscular ring known as the anorectal ring. It is formed by the fusion of the internal anal sphincter, external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle, and is palpable on digital rectal examination.
  • 48 Anal Canal

    48 Anal Canal

    Anal Canal The rectum is a relatively straight continuation of the colon about 12 cm in length. Three internal transverse rectal valves (of Houston) occur in the distal rectum. Infoldings of the submucosa and the inner circular layer of the muscularis externa form these permanent sickle- shaped structures. The valves function in the separation of flatus from the developing fecal mass. The mucosa of the first part of the rectum is similar to that of the colon except that the intestinal glands are slightly longer and the lining epithelium is composed primarily of goblet cells. The distal 2 to 3 cm of the rectum forms the anal canal, which ends at the anus. Immediately proximal to the pectinate line, the intestinal glands become shorter and then disappear. At the pectinate line, the simple columnar intestinal epithelium makes an abrupt transition to noncornified stratified squamous epithelium. After a short transition, the noncornified stratified squamous epithelium becomes continuous with the keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of the skin at the level of the external anal sphincter. Beneath the epithelium of this region are simple tubular apocrine sweat glands, the circumanal glands. Proximal to the pectinate line, the mucosa of the anal canal forms large longitudinal folds called rectal columns (of Morgagni). The distal ends of the rectal columns are united by transverse mucosal folds, the anal valves. The recess above each valve forms a small anal sinus. It is at the level of the anal valves that the muscularis mucosae becomes discontinuous and then disappears. The submucosa of the anal canal contains numerous veins that form a large hemorrhoidal plexus.
  • The Digestive System Overview of the Digestive System • Organs Are Divided Into Two Groups the Alimentary Canal and Accessory

    The Digestive System Overview of the Digestive System • Organs Are Divided Into Two Groups the Alimentary Canal and Accessory

    C H A P T E R 23 The Digestive System 1 Overview of the Digestive System • Organs are divided into two groups • The alimentary canal • Mouth, pharynx, and esophagus • Stomach, small intestine, and large intestine (colon) • Accessory digestive organs • Teeth and tongue • Gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas 2 The Alimentary Canal and Accessory Digestive Organs Mouth (oral cavity) Parotid gland Tongue Sublingual gland Salivary glands Submandibular gland Esophagus Pharynx Stomach Pancreas (Spleen) Liver Gallbladder Transverse colon Duodenum Descending colon Small intestine Jejunum Ascending colon Ileum Cecum Large intestine Sigmoid colon Rectum Anus Vermiform appendix Anal canal Figure 23.1 3 1 Digestive Processes • Ingestion • Propulsion • Mechanical digestion • Chemical digestion • Absorption • Defecation 4 Peristalsis • Major means of propulsion • Adjacent segments of the alimentary canal relax and contract Figure 23.3a 5 Segmentation • Rhythmic local contractions of the intestine • Mixes food with digestive juices Figure 23.3b 6 2 The Peritoneal Cavity and Peritoneum • Peritoneum – a serous membrane • Visceral peritoneum – surrounds digestive organs • Parietal peritoneum – lines the body wall • Peritoneal cavity – a slit-like potential space Falciform Anterior Visceral ligament peritoneum Liver Peritoneal cavity (with serous fluid) Stomach Parietal peritoneum Kidney (retroperitoneal) Wall of Posterior body trunk Figure 23.5 7 Mesenteries • Lesser omentum attaches to lesser curvature of stomach Liver Gallbladder Lesser omentum
  • Structure of the Human Body

    Structure of the Human Body

    STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN BODY Vertebral Levels 2011 - 2012 Landmarks and internal structures found at various vertebral levels. Vertebral Landmark Internal Significance Level • Bifurcation of common carotid artery. C3 Hyoid bone Superior border of thyroid C4 cartilage • Larynx ends; trachea begins • Pharynx ends; esophagus begins • Inferior thyroid A crosses posterior to carotid sheath. • Middle cervical sympathetic ganglion C6 Cricoid cartilage behind inf. thyroid a. • Inferior laryngeal nerve enters the larynx. • Vertebral a. enters the transverse. Foramen of C 6. • Thoracic duct reaches its greatest height C7 Vertebra prominens • Isthmus of thyroid gland Sternoclavicular joint (it is a • Highest point of apex of lung. T1 finger's breadth below the bismuth of the thyroid gland T1-2 Superior angle of the scapula T2 Jugular notch T3 Base of spine of scapula • Division between superior and inferior mediastinum • Ascending aorta ends T4 Sternal angle (of Louis) • Arch of aorta begins & ends. • Trachea ends; primary bronchi begin • Heart T5-9 Body of sternum T7 Inferior angle of scapula • Inferior vena cava passes through T8 diaphragm T9 Xiphisternal junction • Costal slips of diaphragm T9-L3 Costal margin • Esophagus through diaphragm T10 • Aorta through diaphragm • Thoracic duct through diaphragm T12 • Azygos V. through diaphragm • Pyloris of stomach immediately above and to the right of the midline. • Duodenojejunal flexure to the left of midline and immediately below it Tran pyloric plane: Found at the • Pancreas on a line with it L1 midpoint between the jugular • Origin of Superior Mesenteric artery notch and the pubic symphysis • Hilum of kidneys: left is above and right is below. • Celiac a.
  • Subserosal Haematoma of the Ileum

    Subserosal Haematoma of the Ileum

    Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.35.183.509 on 1 October 1960. Downloaded from SUBSEROSAL HAEMATOMA OF THE ILEUM BY ANTONIO GENTIL MARTINS From the Department of Surgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool (RECEIVED FCR PUBLICATION DECEMBER 21, 1959) Angiomas of the ileum are rare. Their association communicate with the lumen of the small bowel. with a duplication cyst has not so far been described. Opposite, the mucosa had a small erosion'. The unusual mode of presentation, with intestinal Microscopical examination (Figs. 3, 4 and 5) showed and a palpable mass (subserosal that 'considerable haemorrhage had occurred in the obstruction serous, muscular and mucous coats. The mucosa, haematoma) simulating intussusception, have however, was viable and the maximal zone of damage prompted the report of the present case. was towards the serosa. Numerous large capillaries were present in the coats. The lining of the diverticulum Case Report formed by glandular epithelium suggesting ileal mucosa N.C., a white male infant, born June 18, 1958, was was partly destroyed, but it had a well-formed muscular admitted to hospital on May 18, 1959, when 11 months coat': it was considered to be probably a duplication. old, with a five days' history of being irritable and appar- The main diagnosis was that of haemangioma of the ently suffering from severe colicky abdominal pain for ileum. the previous 24 hours. On the day of admission his bowels had not moved and he vomited several times. He looked pale and ill and a mass could be felt in the copyright.
  • Progress Report Anal Continence

    Progress Report Anal Continence

    Gut: first published as 10.1136/gut.12.10.844 on 1 October 1971. Downloaded from Gut, 1971, 12, 844-852 Progress report Anal continence Anal continence depends on an adaptable barrier formed at the ano-rectal junction and in the anal canal by a combination of forces. These are due in part to the configuration of the region and in part to the action of muscles. The forces are activated in response to sensory information obtained from the rectum and the anal canal. In order to understand some of the concepts of the mechanism of anal continence, some of the features of the anatomy and physiology of the region will be discussed. Anatomy (Fig. 1) The lumen of the rectum terminates at the pelvic floor and is continued, downwards and posteriorly, as the anal canal, passing through the levator ani muscle sheet and surrounded by the internal and external anal sphincters. The anal canal is 2.5 to 5 cm in length and 3 cm in diameter when distended. The axis of the rectum forms almost a right angle (average 820) with the axis of the anal canal. It has been established by radiological studies that the anal canal is an antero-posterior slit in the resting state.' The former concept of http://gut.bmj.com/ the anal canal being surrounded successively craniocaudally by the internal anal sphincter and then the external anal sphincter has been replaced by the knowledge that the two muscles overlap to a considerable extent with the external sphincter wrapped round the internal sphincter2'3.
  • Normal Gross and Histologic Features of the Gastrointestinal Tract

    Normal Gross and Histologic Features of the Gastrointestinal Tract

    NORMAL GROSS AND HISTOLOGIC 1 FEATURES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT THE NORMAL ESOPHAGUS left gastric, left phrenic, and left hepatic accessory arteries. Veins in the proximal and mid esopha- Anatomy gus drain into the systemic circulation, whereas Gross Anatomy. The adult esophagus is a the short gastric and left gastric veins of the muscular tube measuring approximately 25 cm portal system drain the distal esophagus. Linear and extending from the lower border of the cri- arrays of large caliber veins are unique to the distal coid cartilage to the gastroesophageal junction. esophagus and can be a helpful clue to the site of It lies posterior to the trachea and left atrium a biopsy when extensive cardiac-type mucosa is in the mediastinum but deviates slightly to the present near the gastroesophageal junction (4). left before descending to the diaphragm, where Lymphatic vessels are present in all layers of the it traverses the hiatus and enters the abdomen. esophagus. They drain to paratracheal and deep The subdiaphragmatic esophagus lies against cervical lymph nodes in the cervical esophagus, the posterior surface of the left hepatic lobe (1). bronchial and posterior mediastinal lymph nodes The International Classification of Diseases in the thoracic esophagus, and left gastric lymph and the American Joint Commission on Cancer nodes in the abdominal esophagus. divide the esophagus into upper, middle, and lower thirds, whereas endoscopists measure distance to points in the esophagus relative to the incisors (2). The esophagus begins 15 cm from the incisors and extends 40 cm from the incisors in the average adult (3). The upper and lower esophageal sphincters represent areas of increased resting tone but lack anatomic landmarks; they are located 15 to 18 cm from the incisors and slightly proximal to the gastroesophageal junction, respectively.
  • Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Findings of Acute Pancreatitis in Ectopic Pancreatic Tissue: Case Report and Review of the Literature

    Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Findings of Acute Pancreatitis in Ectopic Pancreatic Tissue: Case Report and Review of the Literature

    University of Massachusetts Medical School eScholarship@UMMS Radiology Publications and Presentations Radiology 2014-07-28 Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI findings of acute pancreatitis in ectopic pancreatic tissue: case report and review of the literature Senthur Thangasamy University of Massachusetts Medical School Et al. Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Follow this and additional works at: https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/radiology_pubs Part of the Digestive System Diseases Commons, and the Radiology Commons Repository Citation Thangasamy S, Zheng L, Mcintosh LJ, Lee P, Roychowdhury A. (2014). Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI findings of acute pancreatitis in ectopic pancreatic tissue: case report and review of the literature. Radiology Publications and Presentations. https://doi.org/10.6092/1590-8577/2390. Retrieved from https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/radiology_pubs/259 Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This material is brought to you by eScholarship@UMMS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Radiology Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of eScholarship@UMMS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JOP. J Pancreas (Online) 2014 July 28; 15(4):407-410 CASE REPORT Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Findings of Acute Pancreatitis in Ectopic Pancreatic Tissue: Case Report and Review of the Literature Senthur J Thangasamy1, Larry Zheng1, Lacey McIntosh1, Paul Lee2, Abhijit Roychowdhury1 1Department of Radiology and 2Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA ABSTRACT Context Acute pancreatitisCase report in ectopic pancreatic tissue is an uncommon cause of acute abdominal pain and can be difficult to diagnose on imaging.
  • Yagenich L.V., Kirillova I.I., Siritsa Ye.A. Latin and Main Principals Of

    Yagenich L.V., Kirillova I.I., Siritsa Ye.A. Latin and Main Principals Of

    Yagenich L.V., Kirillova I.I., Siritsa Ye.A. Latin and main principals of anatomical, pharmaceutical and clinical terminology (Student's book) Simferopol, 2017 Contents No. Topics Page 1. UNIT I. Latin language history. Phonetics. Alphabet. Vowels and consonants classification. Diphthongs. Digraphs. Letter combinations. 4-13 Syllable shortness and longitude. Stress rules. 2. UNIT II. Grammatical noun categories, declension characteristics, noun 14-25 dictionary forms, determination of the noun stems, nominative and genitive cases and their significance in terms formation. I-st noun declension. 3. UNIT III. Adjectives and its grammatical categories. Classes of adjectives. Adjective entries in dictionaries. Adjectives of the I-st group. Gender 26-36 endings, stem-determining. 4. UNIT IV. Adjectives of the 2-nd group. Morphological characteristics of two- and multi-word anatomical terms. Syntax of two- and multi-word 37-49 anatomical terms. Nouns of the 2nd declension 5. UNIT V. General characteristic of the nouns of the 3rd declension. Parisyllabic and imparisyllabic nouns. Types of stems of the nouns of the 50-58 3rd declension and their peculiarities. 3rd declension nouns in combination with agreed and non-agreed attributes 6. UNIT VI. Peculiarities of 3rd declension nouns of masculine, feminine and neuter genders. Muscle names referring to their functions. Exceptions to the 59-71 gender rule of 3rd declension nouns for all three genders 7. UNIT VII. 1st, 2nd and 3rd declension nouns in combination with II class adjectives. Present Participle and its declension. Anatomical terms 72-81 consisting of nouns and participles 8. UNIT VIII. Nouns of the 4th and 5th declensions and their combination with 82-89 adjectives 9.