Two New Species of Aaptos (Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from Brazil (Western Atlantic)

Zootaxa 3750 (4): 357–366 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3750.4.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:78D7A4C5-69D8-4503-A1A4-83BD5DBF1B5E Two new species of Aaptos (Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from Brazil (western Atlantic)

MARIANA DE S. CARVALHO1,3, SUZANE M. DA SILVA2 & ULISSES PINHEIRO2 1Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. E-mail*: [email protected] 2Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Nelson Chaves, s/n, C. Uni- versitária, Recife, 50373-970, Pernambuco State, Brazil. Email: [email protected] 3Corresponding author

Abstract

Twenty-one species of Aaptos Gray, 1867 are known world-wide, of which only three were reported from Brazil. Two new species of this genus are here described from the Brazilian coast (Potiguar Basin, Northeastern Brazil): A. hajdui sp. nov. and A. potiguarensis sp. nov. Both possess only one category of strongyloxeas and one of styles, although both with wide size variation, suggesting that the diagnosis of the genus should be revised. Previous Brazilian records of A. aaptos have their status re-evaluated here, and only three species of the genus can be considered valid in Brazil: A. glutinans, A. hajdui sp. nov. and A. potiguarensis sp. nov.

Key words: Porifera, Suberitidae, Taxonomy, Rio Grande do Norte State, Potiguar Basin

Introduction

Aaptos Gray, 1867 is a cosmopolitan genus with 21 species known world-wide, although many other may be hidden among the widespread records of A. aaptos (Schmidt, 1864; van Soest 2002, van Soest et al. 2013). The genus poses special challenges to the Porifera taxonomists due to a shortage of conspicuous anatomical characters. Species may have strongyloxeas in three overlapping size categories frequently hard to tell apart and the intermediate and smaller spicules are occasionally oxeas, styles or tylostyles. The distinction between the species is very difficult as the descriptions currently provide little basis for species definition, because spicule dimensions, general morphology and skeletal details vary little between species in the literature (Kelly-Borges & Bergquist 1994). Only three species of Aaptos are known from Brasil: A. aaptos from Espírito Santo State (Solé-Cava et al. 1981), Santa Catarina State (Mothes & Lerner 1994, as A. aff. aaptos), and Atol das Rocas (Moraes 2011); A. bergmanni de Laubenfels, 1950 from Bahia State (Hechtel 1976) and Pernambuco State (Boury-Esnault 1973 as A. aaptos); and A. glutinans Moraes, 2011 from Atol das Rocas (Moraes 2011). This is the first time that the genus is found at the continental shelf of Rio Grande do Norte State. There are other several records of unidentified Aaptos spp. from Brazil, viz. Bahia, Rio Grande do Norte (Atol das Rocas) Espírito Santo, São Paulo, and Santa Catarina States (see Muricy et al., 2011). In this paper, we describe two new species of Aaptos from Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil and provide a brief review of bibliographic records of other species of the genus from Brazil.

Material and methods

The Potiguar Basin is located on the north continental shelf of Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará States (Northeastern Brazil; Fig. 1). The studied specimens were collected by trawling on board of the R.V. ‘Astro Garoupa’ in two

Accepted by J.Hooper: 2 Dec. 2013; published: 20 Dec. 2013 357 bergmanni has strongyloxeas up to 950 µm and styles with 150 µm, and the figures available in Boury-Esnault (1973) show that they are actually a smaller category of strongyloxeas, not styles. Furthermore, the spicular dimensions of the specimens studied by Boury-Esnault (1973) do not approach those of any species of Aaptos, neither with A. bergmanni nor with A. aaptos, which possesses strongyloxeas and true styles. Thus, we consider invalid all records of A. bergmanni from Brazil (from Bahia and Pernambuco State; sensu Hechtel, 1976), until the revision of these specimens. They probably belong to another species, yet undescribed in the Brazilian coast, and are better referred to as Aaptos sp. According to Van Soest et al. (2013), A. durissima was described from the Caribbean. However, despite the name of the species has been proposed by Carter (1882, p. 357 as Trachya durissima), the description of the species was published by Carter (1876, p. 393) from South Africa’s material. Anyway, according to his description, A. durissima presents strongyloxeas with tylostyle-like modifications, differing from the styles of both new species. Based on the above discussion, only three species of Aaptos can be considered valid in Brazil: A. glutinans, A. hajdui sp. nov. and A. potiguarensis sp. nov., while the records of A. aaptos and A. bergmanni are not accepted here and should be better examined. A comprehensive revision of all Brazilian Aaptos is in progress.

Acknowledgements

CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior), CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), FAPERJ (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro), FACEPE (Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do estado de Pernambuco) and CENPES– PETROBRAS are deeply thanked for the provision of grants and fellowships. The authors are thankful to Guilherme Muricy (Museu Nacional, UFRJ) for critically reading the manuscript and for help with the identification.

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