DOCSLIB.ORG

The Communication Cord Is Rather “P2 from Acorns Grow”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Communication Cord Is Rather “P2 from Acorns Grow” 60163 TORNADO 2007 PRINCE OF WALES 3403 ANON New Steam for the Main Line Building Britain’s Most Powerful Steam Locomotive Recreating Gresley’s last design THE COMMUNICATION CORD No. 61 Spring 2021 Simon Apsley/Frewer & Co. Engineers A superb rendering by Simon Apsley of the 3D CAD of Prince of Wales's front end, cut away to show the Lentz gearbox and the double Kylchap exhaust in the smokebox. POETRY IN MOTION? by Graham Langer Despite the difficulties of the past year has involved Frewer and Co. Engineers of No. 2007 – in consequence he has the P2 project continues to forge ahead undertaking the Computational Fluid been sending us the most impressive and we have reached the stage of fine- Dynamics [CFD] analysis of the cylinder renderings of parts and sections of tuning the design for the cylinders and block steam passageways and one of the new P2, some of which we are valve gear so that construction can be their team, Simon Apsley, has got a delighted to feature in this edition of The put out to tender. Part of the process bit carried away with the 3D CADs Communication Cord. TCC 1 CONTENTS EDITORIAL by Graham Langer FROM THE CHAIR by Steve Davies PAGE 1 Poetry in motion? As I write this towards the use of coal. However, the n recent weeks time, from Leicester to Carlisle via the physically meeting. Video conferencing is PAGE 2 editorial Tornado sector produces a tiny percentage of we have all felt spectacular Settle & Carlisle Railway. It probably here to stay but punctuated by Contents is still “confined to the country’s greenhouse gasses and Idrawn even might seem premature to say this, but I periodic ‘actual’ meetings. It therefore Editorial barracks” pending rail transport (including steam-hauled more closely to am sure we will be reporting a successful follows that we as a Trust must return PAGE 3 a return to the trains) has a smaller carbon footprint our Sovereign, run in the next edition of TCC. The to getting the P2 Roadshow series nd From the Chair main line on 22 per passenger than many other forms Her Majesty The locomotive has been exceptionally of gatherings back on track as soon May with ‘The of transport, especially long-haul air Queen, as she well cared for whilst in residence at as possible – direct engagement with PAGE 4 Pennine Explorer’ mourns the loss the National Railway Museum and A1 Engineering report flights. We will be returning to this potential contributors, preferably in the and in the absence topic in future TCCs but outline our of her husband the conditions have therefore been presence of the locomotive at Darlington, PAGE 6 of news about our tours I make no first steps to becoming carbon neutral and consort, established for a successful return to is without doubt the most efficient way Keeping Tornado on the tracks apology for the fact that this edition of in this edition, as they say, “oak trees His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, the main line. I know our customers of exciting the senses and recruiting PAGE 7 The Communication Cord is rather “P2 from acorns grow”. Duke of Edinburgh. This was indeed are certainly looking forward to once people to the cause. That’s also why we Shed notices heavy”. We are approaching the stage Times Darlington & Stockton an exceptionally sad occasion, and in again enjoying the thrill and majesty of are looking forward immensely to the PAGE 8 in the build when increasing resources many ways marked the passing of an an A1 Pacific in full cry. Whilst on the annual Convention, which as previously Tornado Tour Diary 2021 will be required to get the job done. era. Given his close association with our subject, I would like formally to record advertised takes place in Darlington Covenantors' Diary A huge amount of work is continuing organisation, you will wish to be aware, our appreciation of the way in which on Saturday 25th September. We have PAGE 9 off-site and at Darlington Locomotive I’m sure, that a personal letter was sent the NRM has hosted us so royally over much to bring you up to speed on, but Railtours Works, miles (literally!) of pipework to His Royal Highness The Prince of the last year. They have been extremely most importantly we want your direct PAGE 10 and wiring are being fitted to the Wales expressing the collective sadness, patient as we maintained the locomotive feedback on a wide range of subjects. Carbon neutrality – is it possible for chassis – this was an area of activity condolences and best wishes of all of in first class condition, and I hope that Over the coming weeks and months the A1 Steam Trust? that significantly slowed the completion us associated with the Trust. We look in the not-too-distant future we will we will hopefully be providing you PAGE 12 of No. 60163 but with the benefit of forward to future engagement with him be able to repay the kindness of the all with updates on a number of key A1 Accidents this experience and the huge amount and The Duchess of Cornwall in happier Museum Director, Judith McNicol, and milestone events, one of which should PAGE 16 of pre-assembly design work, much times. her team, with a visit by Tornado to one be the exciting news that we have A1 profile - No. 60132 Marmion of it in 3D CAD, the elaborate ‘kit of There is a pessimistic phrase in the of the NRM’s events. selected a contractor to manufacture PAGE 19 parts’ is going together well. Money Army along the lines of in the interest Early on in the pandemic it was the newly designed cylinder block for Blown away by a Tornado is, as ever, the governing factor and the of economy the light at the end of the forecast that virtual meetings via Zoom Prince of Wales, and of course updates PAGE 20 simple rule of thumb is that the sooner tunnel has been switched off. Well, I am and the like would be the ‘new normal’ on the delivery schedule of the first of The big picture we complete the locomotive the less delighted to report that far from the even once restrictions were lifted. I our two new boilers, and a whole host PAGE 22 expensive it will be! light being extinguished it is in fact don’t know about you, but if there is of new components. I therefore hope P2 engineering update Steve Davies pays tribute to the late HRH Prince Philip, Duke of growing brighter as we begin to emerge one thing I yearn for it is actual human you can see that despite Covid-19 and Edinburgh on the footplate of PAGE 29 Duke of Edinburgh in his column and from the Covid-19 restrictions which interaction. I am fortunate to live close all that it has thrown at us, this is a great Mallard at the NRM. 3D printing as part of the P2 I am sure many of us will mourn his have unfortunately but necessarily to Darlington and frequently enjoy the time to remain engaged with the Trust design process passing. Prince Philip was a man of blighted our lives for more than a year. (socially distanced!) pleasure of visiting and indeed, if possible, to enhance one’s diverse talents and his influence could Red face department! I have to By the time you read this edition of the engineering team working on the P2 involvement. My very best wishes to PAGE 30 Smoke lifting study be felt across an incredibly wide range apologise for an avoidable gaff in The Communication Cord, Tornado should but what I and my colleagues want to you all, and I do hope you will be able of organisations. No stranger to the captioning which appeared in TCC 60. have hauled, on 22nd May, its first main resurrect just as soon as possible is the to travel behind Tornado on one of the PAGE 31 footplate of a steam locomotive, he In the ‘Workshop Notes’ column we line tour in what seems a very long ability to enjoy the collegiate benefits of trains in its very busy schedule. TCC The P2 Support Coach Appeal and The Queen toured parts of the stated that the photo of Cock o’ the P2 Roadshows Commonwealth extensively by train, North featured a bell whistle rather PAGE 32 many of these trips being steam-hauled than the chime whistle originally fitted. The Boiler Club at a time when the steam locomotive Clearly this could not have been a PAGE 33 was losing its pre-eminence on railways wartime expedient since No. 2001 had P2 Dedicated Donations update around the world. The A1 Steam been rebuilt with an A4 front by the Powering No. 2007 to completion Locomotive Trust certainly owes him beginning of WW2! Must do better… with The Turbogen Club a debt of gratitude since The Prince TCC PAGE 34 was the progenitor of Gift Aid, the Ian MacCabe Is there light at the end of the government scheme that adds 25% tunnel? to donations made using the facility. PAGE 36 Although it was said slightly tongue Workshop notes in cheek, we always stated that the PAGE 37 government was the biggest donor to The Tender Club Tornado, albeit using your money! Club Badges In this edition of The Communication PAGE 38 Cord you will find an article addressing Come on, come on, do the loco- the thorny issue of carbon production motion with me! and capture by the Trust.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 60163 TORNADO New Steam for the Main Line
    60163 TORNADO New Steam for the Main Line Thursday 28th April 2011 Dear fellow covenantor Changes to Tornado’s 2011 tours diary and Brunswick Green unveiling at the National Railway Museum There have been a number of developments since the enclosed edition of The Communication Cord went to press that the Trustees of The A1 Steam Locomotive Trust need to share with you. We regret that it has not been possible to reach an acceptable working arrangement with Train Operating Company West Coast Railways in spite of many attempts over the past three years. Tornado will continue to be operated on the Network Rail main line by DB Schenker, which has worked successfully with the Trust since the locomotive’s completion in 2008. This change is unrelated to the recently completed repairs to Tornado’s boiler which took place at DB Meiningen. Unfortunately, this late change will result in a significant re-working of Tornado’s tours diary for the early part of the summer. As a consequence of not being able to work with West Coast Railways, Tornado will not now be hauling ‘The Cathedrals Express’ on Thursday 26th May (London to Bath & Bristol and return), Saturday 4th June (London King's Cross to York and return) and Saturday 11th June (London to Shrewsbury and return) promoted by Steam Dreams. The promoter will be in contact separately with those of you who originally booked on ‘The White Rose’ and transferred to ‘The Cathedrals Express on 4th June. Although Tornado will be ready for traffic for 26th May, her first main line train in her new Brunswick Green livery will now be ‘The Canterbury Tornado’ on Saturday 18th June from Poole (Tornado from Willesden) to Canterbury and return promoted by Pathfinder.
    [Show full text]
  • RAILTOURS by Sophie Bunker-James
    3403 ANON Recreating Gresley’s last design THE COMMUNICATION ORD No. 56 Winter 2020 C Daniela Filová No. 2007’s tender tank nears completion at North View Engineering. THE P2 PROGRESSES! This edition of The Communication Cord works. At Darlington Locomotive Works boiler parts are beginning to appear for focuses on the volume of work that has great strides continue to be made with the two new diagram 118a boilers, the first been completed on No. 2007 Prince of dozens of sub-assemblies and parts are of which should be assembled later this Wales. Construction of the locomotive now being produced for the fabrication of year. The accelerating rate of construction has moved forward on many fronts but the pony truck in parallel with the on-going means that we must re-double our efforts none more so than the tender, the tank manufacture of the complex electrical to finance all this work if No. 2007 is to be of which is nearly finished at North View system at both DLW and in deepest completed in 2022 – you all know what to Engineering as are the frames at Ian Howitt’s Cambridgeshire (see page 22). In Meiningen do! TCC 1 CONTENTS editorial by Graham Langer PAGE 1 We live in changing and challenging times! With the The P2 progresses! PAGE 2 confirmation that HS2 is going ahead it is becoming clear that Contents there will be massive changes in the way in which the West Editorial Coast route evolves and subsequent benefits for many of the PAGE 3 secondary lines that feed into it.
    [Show full text]
  • Didcot Railway CENTRE
    THE COMMUNICATION ORD No. 49 Winter 2018 C Shapland Andrew AWARDS AND ACCOLADES by Graham Langer Tornado in the dark. No. 60163 is seen at Didcot during a night photography session. At the annual Heritage Railway for “reaching out with Tornado to new film. Secondly we scooped the John Association awards ceremony held at the and wider audiences” in recognition Coiley Locomotive Engineering award for Burlington Arcade Hotel in Birmingham of the locomotive’s adventures in the work associated with the 100mph on 10th February, the Trust was 2017, initially on the ‘Plandampf’ series run. Trustees and representatives of DB honoured to be awarded not one but on the Settle & Carlisle railway, then Cargo, Ricardo Rail, Resonate, Darlington two national prizes. Firstly we received the 100mph run and its associated Borough Council and the Royal Navy the Steam Railway Magazine Award, television coverage and finally in her were among the Trust party who ➤ presented by editor Nick Brodrick, appearance in the PADDINGTON 2 attended the event. TCC 1 Gwynn Jones CONTENTS EDItorIAL by Graham Langer PAGE 1-2 Mandy Gran Even while Tornado Awards and Accolades up his own company Paul was Head of PAGE 3 was safely tucked Procurement for Northern Rail and Editorial up at Locomotive previously Head of Property for Arriva Tornado helps Blue Peter Maintenance Services Trains Northern. t PAGE 4 in Loughborough Daniela Filova,´ from Pardubice in the Tim Godfrey – an obituary for winter overhaul, Czech Republic, joined the Trust as Richard Hardy – an obituary she continued to Assistant Mechanical Engineer to David PAGE 5 generate headlines Elliott.
    [Show full text]
  • Queensland Railways Steam Locomotives 1900-1969
    Create exciting Web pages - http://www.mcwebsoftware.com http://freespace.virgin.net/johnk.pb15/qrsl3.html QUEENSLAND RAILWAYS STEAM LOCOMOTIVES 1900 - 1969 DESIGN AND OPERATION CORRIGENDA (The book is available from ANGRMS Sales, PO Box 1135, Woodford, Queensland 4514, tel (evgs) (07)3273 2014.) This corrects various statements in the book, and expands on others to avoid misunderstanding. It also corrects errors in a review of the book. This is the October 2008 version, containing additions to earlier versions. Corrections of further errors which come to light will be added to this page. Various expansions, explanations and further examples have occurred or been told to the author since the book was published. They are being progressively added to the text of the book on his computer, along with these corrections. They are available to anyone interested. Contact the author at the email address given on the home page. Two of these expansions etc are so close to corrections that they have been added to this page. These are an important addition to 10.12, and a whole section on Conclusions from the Perform Program. 1.02 Construction Standards p 10 RH, para 1 - There were indeed vertical curves between changes in gradient, even if not shown in the Working Plans and Sections. The Standard Specifications for construction of 1896 required that a vertical curve of two miles radius be introduced between changes in gradient during construction. Such curves were important for preventing coupled axleboxes of locomotives from striking the tops of cut outs or horn blocks above and keeps below (as sometimes happened where a siding on a steep gradient joined another line without such a vertical curve).
    [Show full text]
  • TRACKS Binders: with 768 Pages of Valuable Information Now Contained Within a Years Issues of TRACKS It Is Worth Keeping Your Copies Protected
    TTRRAACCKKSS Inter City Railway Society - February 2016 Inter City Railway Society founded 1973 www.intercityrailwaysociety.org Volume 44 No.2 Issue 518 February 2016 The content of the magazine is the copyright of the Society No part of this magazine may be reproduced without prior permission of the copyright holder President: Simon Mutten (01603 715701) Coppercoin, 12 Blofield Corner Rd, Blofield, Norwich, Norfolk NR13 4RT Chairman: Carl Watson - [email protected] Mob (07403 040533) 14, Partridge Gardens, Waterlooville, Hampshire PO8 9XG Treasurer: Peter Britcliffe - [email protected] (01429 234180) 9 Voltigeur Drive, Hart, Hartlepool TS27 3BS Membership Sec: Colin Pottle - [email protected] (01933 272262) 166 Midland Road, Wellingborough, Northants NN8 1NG Mob (07840 401045) Secretary: Stuart Moore - [email protected] (01603 714735) 64 Blofield Corner Rd, Blofield, Norwich, Norfolk NR13 4SA Events: Louise Watson - [email protected] Mob (07921 587271) 14, Partridge Gardens, Waterlooville, Hampshire PO8 9XG Magazine: Editor: Trevor Roots - [email protected] (01466 760724) Mill of Botary, Cairnie, Huntly, Aberdeenshire AB54 4UD Mob (07765 337700) Sightings: James Holloway - [email protected] (0121 744 2351) 246 Longmore Road, Shirley, Solihull B90 3ES Photo Database: John Barton Website: Trevor Roots - [email protected] contact details as above Books: Publications Manager: Carl Watson
    [Show full text]
  • The Mikado Messenger | Issue No. 66| April 2020 Ian Matthews Sanding the Filler, on the Tender Tank, Before It Is Painted
    The Mikado Messenger | Issue No. 66| April 2020 Ian Matthews sanding the filler, on the tender tank, before it is painted - A1SLT Welcome to edition No. 66 of The Mikado Messenger, our monthly eNewsletter which aims to provide a regular progress update on the construction of new Gresley class No. 2007 Prince of Wales. Thanks to our supporters’ continued generosity, over £3.5m has now been donated or pledged – this equates to over 70% of the required £5m. This month see the launch of a brand new club - The Pony (Truck) Club - please see below for more information. Stephenson Engineering Ltd have sent us a fabulous video of the CNC machining programme that will be carried out on the coupling rods - it can be found in the Motion Update section, below. We are following Government guidelines with regards to the coronavirus, and whilst our office-based staff are now working from home, our workshop staff are continuing to work at Darlington Locomotive Works where they are taking all necessary precautions. However, as many of our supporters and volunteers are from vulnerable groups, the Works is currently closed to non-essential staff. In addition, Nene Valley Railway have cancelled all their events until the end of May 2020 so this means we can no longer hold the P2 Roadshow on Saturday 23rd May 2020 and the Supporters’ and Tornado Team day on Sunday 24th May 2020. We are sorry to have to make these changes. We hope you understand that the circumstances are beyond our control and the restrictions are very necessary at this challenging time.
    [Show full text]
  • Doncaster's Wheels, Wings & Moving Things
    Doncaster's Wheels, Wings & Moving Things History | Health | Happiness Doncaster’s Wheels, Wings and Moving Things Introduction: Doncaster has a strong industrial and railway heritage; some of the most famous locomotives in the world were built and designed at ‘the Plant.’ Doncaster hosted one of the world’s first aviation meetings in 1909 and the first British fighter jets to be used in the Second World War, Gloster Meteors, were stationed at RAF Finningley, what is now a busy and expanding Robin Hood Airport. Ford cars also once rolled off production lines in the town. Perhaps you have your own memories of some of these great moving machines? What Above: Approach to Doncaster station. memories do wheels bring back for you? Your Image: Heritage Doncaster first bike, your first car, rail journeys to the seaside? In this pack you will find a variety of activities that relate to Doncaster’s history of wheels, wings and moving things. We hope you enjoy this opportunity to reflect. Please feel free to share your thoughts and memories by emailing: [email protected]. We’d love to hear from you! Contents Within the sections below you will find a variety of activities. Page 2: A Coaching Town Fit for the Races Page 3-10: Doncaster’s Railway Heritage Pages 11-13: Give us a Coggie/ Doncaster Cycling Stories/On your Bike Pages 14-15: Ford in Doncaster/British Made Ford Cars Page 16: Music on the Move Quiz Page 17: Word Search Page 18-19: Trams and Trolleybuses Page 20: Guess the Wheels, Wings and Moving Things Page 21: Crossword Page 22: England’s First Flying Show! Page 23: The Flying Flea The Gloster Meteor in level flight, 1st January 1946.
    [Show full text]
  • East Coast Modern a Route for Train Simulator – Dovetail Games
    www.creativerail.co.uk East Coast Modern A Route for Train Simulator – Dovetail Games Contents A Brief History of the Route Route Requirements Scenarios Belmont Yard – York Freight Doncaster – Newark Freight Grantham – Doncaster Non-Stop Hexthorpe – Marshgate Freight Newark – Doncaster Works Peterborough – Tallington Freight Peterborough – York Non-Stop Selby – York York – Doncaster Works Operating Notices Acknowledgements © Copyright CreativeRail. All rights reserved. 2018. www.creativerail.co.uk A Brief History of the Route The first incarnation of the East Coast Main Line dates back to 1850 when London to Edinburgh services became possible on the completion of a permanent bridge over the River Tweed. However, the route was anything but direct, would have taken many, many hours and would have been exhausting. By 1852, the Great Northern Railway had completed the 'Towns Line' between Werrington (Peterborough) and Retford, which saw journey times between York and London of five hours. Edinburgh to London was a daunting eleven. Over time, the route has endured harsh periods, not helped by two world wars. It only benefited from very little improvement. Nevertheless, journey times did shrink. Names and companies synonymous with the route, such as, LNER and Gresley have secured their place in history, along with the most famous service - 'The Flying Scotsman'. Motive power also developed with an ever increasing calibre including A3s, A4s Class 55s and HSTs that have powered expresses through the decades. The introduction of HST services in 1978 saw the Flying Scotsman reach Edinburgh in only five hours. A combination of remodelling, track improvements and full electrification has seen a further reduction to what it is today, which sees the Scotsman complete the 393 miles in under four and a half hours in the capable hands of Class 91 and Mk4 IC225 formations.
    [Show full text]
  • Lima 2-8-0 “Consolidation”, Developed for TS2013, by Smokebox
    Union Pacific 4000 Class 4884-1 "Big Boy" circa 1948-49 Developed by Smokebox TM for Dovetail Games' Train Simulator © Smokebox 2021, all rights reserved Issue 1 Union Pacific 4000 Class 4884-1 "Big Boy" Steam Locomotive Page 2 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 32- and 64-bit TS ................................................................................................................................................ 7 Expert or Simple Controls mode, HUD and Automatic Fireman ....................................................................... 7 "All-in-one" .................................................................................................................................................... 7 Standard TS Automatic Fireman .................................................................................................................... 8 F4 HUD ........................................................................................................................................................... 8 High Detail (HD) and Standard Detail (SD) ........................................................................................................ 8 Recommended Settings ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Cab Layout ......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Union Pacific No. 119
    Union Pacific No. 119 Operating Manual Developed by Smokebox for Dovetail Games' Train Simulator 2018TM © Smokebox 2018, all rights reserved Issue 1 Train Simulator - Union Pacific No. 119 - Operating Manual Page 2 Contents Introduction....................................................................................................................................................... 4 Locomotive Technical Specifications................................................................................................................. 4 Positions of the Controls and Gauges in the Cab .............................................................................................. 5 Key Assignments................................................................................................................................................ 9 Animations....................................................................................................................................................... 12 Lights................................................................................................................................................................ 13 Sanding ............................................................................................................................................................ 13 Particle Effects................................................................................................................................................. 14 Other Special Effects ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Unauthorised History of ASTER LOCOMOTIVES THAT CHANGED the LIVE STEAM SCENE
    The Unauthorised History of ASTER LOCOMOTIVES THAT CHANGED THE LIVE STEAM SCENE fredlub |SNCF231E | 8 februari 2021 1 Content 1 Content ................................................................................................................................ 2 2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 5 3 1975 - 1985 .......................................................................................................................... 6 Southern Railway Schools Class .................................................................................................................... 6 JNR 8550 .......................................................................................................................................................... 7 V&T RR Reno ................................................................................................................................................. 8 Old Faithful ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 Shay Class B ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 JNR C12 ......................................................................................................................................................... 10 PLM 231A .....................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Economics of Coal As a Locomotive Fuel on US Class I Railroads
    The Economics of Coal as a Locomotive Fuel on US Class I Railroads By John Rhodes Overview • Coal‐Burning Steam Locomotive: 73% Fuel Savings US Class I RR’s • $8.9 Billion 2007 Class I Diesel Fuel Bill • $2.5 Billion Coal Bill Instead • $6.4 Billion Cost Saving • 2007 Operating Ratio Could Have Been 67% Instead Of 78% Presentation Outline • Mechanical Engineers of Modern Steam • The Modern Steam Locomotive • Important Technologies Of Modern Steam • American Class I Railroad: Needs • Maintenance: Modern Steam and Diesel • Comparisons: Modern Steam and Diesel • Infrastructure and Servicing: Modern Steam • Next Steps • Other Locomotive Alternatives The Mechanical Engineers of Modern Steam Pioneers (Deceased): • Andre Chapelon • Livio Dante Porta Current: • David Wardale • Phil Girdlestone • Shaun McMahon • Roger Waller • Nigel Day Andre Chapelon • French Mechanical Engineer 1892‐1978 • SNCF, Steam Locomotive Design Division • Grandfather Of Modern Steam • Applied Thermodynamics And Fluid Dynamics To The Steam Locomotive • Chapelon’s Former Boss, George Chan, From The SNCF Described Him As “The Man Who Gave New Life To The Steam Locomotive” Andre Chapelon cont. • 1946 Design And Construction Of The 3- Cylinder Compound: SNCF 242A.1 – Rebuilt From A 3-Cylinder Simple Locomotive – Raised IHP From 2,800 To 5,500; 96% Increase – Twice The Thermal Efficiency Of American Steam Livio Dante Porta • Argentinean Mechanical Engineer 1922‐2003 • Father Of Modern Steam • Developed 3 Most Important Parts Of Modern Steam: • Clean High Efficiency Combustion • High Efficiency Exhaust • Heavy‐Duty Boiler Water Treatment Livio Dante Porta Cont. • 1949 Built “Argentina” From A 4-6-2 – 2,100 DBHP – High Power-to-Weight Ratio: 65 lb.
    [Show full text]