LM Montgomery, Anne of Green Gabels
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L.M. MONTGOMERY and Anne of Green Gables Lucy Maud Montgomery Lucy Maud Montgomery (always called Maud) was born on 30 November, 1874 in the little town of Clifton (now called New London) on Prince Edward Island (a province of Canada), the place she would make famous around the world. She came from a long line of Prince Edward Island ancestors and had a large network of aunts, cousins and other relatives who would figure largely in her fiction. The family was Scottish in origin. Maud’s father, Hugh John Montgomery and mother, Clara Woolner MacNeill Montgomery. ca.1870s. Courtesy University of Guelph Library L.M. Montgomery and Anne of Green Gables Susannah Fullerton © 2017 2 https://susannahfullerton.com.au When Maud was only 21 months old, her mother Clara died of Tuberculosis. The loss of a mother is a common theme in Maud’s novels – Anne, Emily, Kilmeny and Jane are all motherless. Her father headed west and Maud saw little of him. She lived with her MacNeill grandparents, strict and religious people who did their duty by her, but showed little warmth. Family possessions (china dogs), her own games (a Katie Maurice who lived in a glass door), family events (her aunt Emily’s wedding) all later went into her books. Lucy Maud Montgomery’s grandmother - Lucy MacNeill (ca.1870s) - who raised Maud as a child, and exterior view of her grandparents’ home Cavendish, where Maud lived (ca.1890s). Courtesy University of Guelph Library Maud was an imaginative child. “I had in my imagination a passport to fairyland”, she wrote later. Books took her into another world and she read voraciously. Sometimes she had a version of Emily’s ‘Flash’, a glimpse into another world which “always made life worthwhile” and throughout her life she had a strong interest in the supernatural and telepathy (something which comes into her Emily books). She especially loved poetry – Tennyson, Scott, Shakespeare, Byron and Longfellow. With friends, she formed a writing club, so they could record the stories they told each other. When she was 9 she began to write her own poems. In 1887, her father remarried and moved to Saskatchewan. Maud disliked her stepmother, but went to live with them and helped care Lucy Maud Montgomery age 8, for her half-brother when he was born. Her schooling was ca.1882. Courtesy University of Guelph Library interrupted during this time. She missed her beloved Prince Edward L.M. Montgomery and Anne of Green Gables Susannah Fullerton © 2017 3 https://susannahfullerton.com.au Island and was happy to return there. Her father died in 1900, but Maud saw little of him in his last years. Her first poem appeared in print when she was 16. This set her on ‘the Alpine Path’ to fame as a writer – it was not an easy road for her, but she persevered. She studied for her teacher’s certificate in Charlottetown, then began to teach. In order to fit in writing time, she got up at 6am, wrapped herself in coats, and wrote. She went to Nova Scotia to do a course in literature at Dalhousie College (which becomes Redmond in her novels). By this time she was getting regular payments for stories and poems. However, her grandparents needed her back in Cavendish. Her grandfather died, leaving a complicated will which left Maud and her grandmother struggling to hold on to their home. Had Maud been born a boy, there would not have been a problem. Maud became assistant postmistress and lived in Cavendish for the next 13 years of her life so that she could care for her grandmother (apart from one year working for a newspaper). She found 2 pen-pals - Ephraim Weber, and a man in Scotland called George Macmillan, and kept up these epistolary friendships for the rest of her life. Life with her grandmother was hard – she had to disguise her real feelings, do many domestic chores, keep her job and find time to write (stern women, such as Marilla Cuthbert Lucy Maud Montgomery’s old room in the home of her MacNeill grandparents, Cavendish, ca.1880s. Courtesy University of Guelph Library and Elizabeth Murray, often appear in her books). Escaping into the dreams of childhood was one of the ways in which she coped. In 1906 she earned more than $700 for her writing. She was slim and attractive and adored clothes so dressed fashionably, and she received several proposals (even accepting one, but later breaking it off), but she was not satisfied with her life. “Isn't it nice to think that tomorrow is a new day with no mistakes in it yet?” L.M. Montgomery L.M. Montgomery and Anne of Green Gables Susannah Fullerton © 2017 4 https://susannahfullerton.com.au In 1906, when she was 32, Maud sat down to write a story. The idea came from a jotting in one of her notebooks: “Elderly couple apply to orphan asylum for a boy. By a mistake a girl is sent them.” It was a slight plot, but she turned it into magic by creating such a vivid girl – one who talked and talked, whose imagination was so intense, who responded so sensitively to the world of nature and who would enchant generations of readers for the next century. The book, Anne of Green Gables, was published in 1908 and astonished its creator by becoming a best- seller. One reviewer wrote: “Anne of Green Gables will appeal to only 3 classes of readers, those who have imagination, those who have some sense of that rarest of qualities, humour, and those who have not allowed themselves to grow old or to forget that once upon a time they were children.” Mark Twain was hugely impressed and wrote to tell her so. In the next 5 years the book went through 32 editions and Maud sat down to write a sequel, Anne of Avonlea. That was followed by Anne of the Island (1915), Anne’s House of Dreams (1917), Rainbow Valley (1919) and Rilla of Ingleside (1920). Maud felt that 6 books about one girl were quite enough, but her adoring public did not agree, so she had to go back into Anne’s life and write Anne of Windy Willows (also known in the USA as Anne of Windy Poplars) in 1936 and Anne of Ingleside in 1939. She was very sick of Anne by the time she was finished. Rilla of Ingleside was written as a tribute to the young women of Canada during World War I and remains one of the finest books ever written about that war and its effect on the women waiting at home. There were other books when she needed a break from Anne. The Story Girl (this was her own favourite amongst her books) appeared in 1911, Kilmeny of the Orchard in 1910 (a charming book about a girl who cannot speak), The Golden Road in 1913, and The Alpine Path (about her own career as a writer) in 1917. L.M. Montgomery and Anne of Green Gables Susannah Fullerton © 2017 5 https://susannahfullerton.com.au In 1911 her grandmother died and this finally left Maud free to marry. She had met the Reverend Ewen (Maud always spelled his name Ewan, instead of Ewen) Macdonald 5 years before and got engaged to him when she was 32. It was no romantic love affair – she felt life would be safe and respectable with him. They married in 1911 in her uncle’s Cavendish home and went to England on honeymoon. Maud had done some travel in America – visiting Boston and the homes of Louisa May Alcott and Emerson, for example, but travel always made her realise that her real home was Prince Edward Island. Rev. Ewan Macdonald, 1910. Courtesy University of Guelph Library The couple went to live in Leaskdale, Ontario, where Ewan had the local manse (now the L.M. Montgomery Leaskdale Manse Museum). That was their home for 15 years, then they lived in Norval, near Toronto, for another 9 years (today there is a memorial garden to her there). Maud conscientiously did her duty as minister’s wife, although the congregation did not Leaskdale Manse in Uxbridge, Ontario, Canada. The home of always approve of their minister’s wife LM Montgomery when she wrote 11 of the 22 works published writing made-up stories. She struggled with during her lifetime. the Presbyterian religion – her own religious views were vague and rather pantheistic. The couple had 2 sons, Chester and Stuart (plus one stillborn baby in 1914). Visits home to Prince Edward Island refreshed her spirits and all her books except The Blue Castle are set on PEI. Her married life was a difficult one – Ewan suffered from depression and religious persecution mania, something that was not openly discussed in those days. “Those whom the Gods wish to destroy they make minister’s wives”, she once wrote. In 1938 she suffered a nervous breakdown. Writing was a solace and escape from her domestic problems. In 1919 a film was made of Anne of Green Gables – incredibly, considering it was about a heroine who talked so much, it was a silent movie. Maud got no money from the film rights – no-one thought of such things in contracts in 1908. A later version with sound did not appeal to her at all. L.M. Montgomery and Anne of Green Gables Susannah Fullerton © 2017 6 https://susannahfullerton.com.au Anne of Green Gables (1919) is a silent film directed by William Desmond Taylor based upon the novel, Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery.