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Women's Faculty Club The University of California, Berkeley Women’s Faculty Club HISTORIC STRUCTURE REPORT MAY 2014 The University of California, Berkeley Women’s Faculty Club HISTORIC STRUCTURE REPORT Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................07 Interior Description ....................................................................... 95 Purpose and Scope .......................................................................09 Circulation .......................................................................................... 95 Subject of this Study .....................................................................10 First Floor ........................................................................................... 96 Methodology .....................................................................................10 Second and Third Floors ............................................................ 99 Basement ........................................................................................... 101 HISTORICAL CONTEXT .................................................................15 Attic ...................................................................................................... 101 Early History of Berkeley: 1820-1859 ................................... 16 Materials and Features .............................................................. 102 College of California: 1860-1868 ..............................................17 Landscape ........................................................................................ 102 Early Physical Development of the Berkeley Campus ............................................................................ 18 Exterior .............................................................................................. 105 Early Non-Academic Facilities and Faculty Groups .... 19 Interior ...................................................................................................111 Foundations .......................................................................................22 Condition ............................................................................................119 The Hearst Plan ................................................................................22 Landscape ..........................................................................................119 Development of Campus Clubs at Berkeley ....................23 Exterior .............................................................................................. 120 Precedents and Parallels at Other Universities ............ 24 Interior .................................................................................................122 Women Faculty and Women’s Activities ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE .................. 127 at Berkeley ........................................................................................ 28 Existing Historical Status ..........................................................128 Formation of the Women’s Faculty Club ........................... 31 Significance ......................................................................................128 The Women’s Faculty Club – Chronology ........................ 38 Period of Significance.................................................................133 The Club Builds ...............................................................................40 Integrity ..............................................................................................133 The Women’s Faculty Club Site ............................................40 Areas of Significance ..................................................................133 Planning and Design of the Club Building ........................ 42 Significance of Features and Materials ............................ 134 Development of the Landscape ..............................................53 Early Decades of the Club ..........................................................57 RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................139 The Club in the Mid-Century, and the Landscape ........................................................................................140 Merger Controversy ....................................................................64 Exterior ................................................................................................141 Evolving Landscape and Garden .......................................... 70 Interior ................................................................................................ 143 Construction Chronology ...........................................................74 John Galen Howard .......................................................................78 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................147 Women’s Role in American University Faculties ......... 79 APPENDICES Women’s Faculty Groups............................................................ 81 I Bibliography First Bay Region Tradition ........................................................82 II Original Drawings III Drawings for Alterations 1956 DESCRIPTION & CONDITIONS ASSESSMENT ................85 IV Drawings for Alterations 1976 Campus District .............................................................................. 86 V Significance Diagrams Setting and Site ............................................................................... 88 VI Survey Forms: Exterior Elevations and Selected Rooms Landscape Description ...............................................................90 VII Additional Photographs Exterior Description ..................................................................... 93 Introduction A view of the Women’s Faculty Club, probably from the 1920s or 1930. Photograph courtesy of The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. PURPOSE AND SCOPE Knapp Architects prepared this historic structure report (HSR) for the Women’s Faculty Club and the Office of Physical and Environmental Planning of the University of California, Berkeley. The purpose of this HSR is to provide a single reference resource for the building, and to inform and assist future development of the building. An HSR is commonly prepared to evaluate the existing conditions and historic status of a potential historic resource prior to the commencement of any major rehabilitation, restoration, or any other work that may affect the resource. According to the National Park Service’s cultural management guidelines: A Historic Structure Report (HSR) is prepared whenever there is to be a major intervention into historic structures or where activities are programmed that affect the qualities and characteristics that make the property eligible for inclusion in the National Register. The report consists of the collection, presentation, and evaluation of anthropological/archeological, historical and architectural/ engineering research findings on a historic or pre-historic structure, and their setting…It analyzes and records all periods of construction (not just significant periods), modifications, source materials, building techniques, other evidence of use, and setting.1 The Women’s Faculty Club, completed in 1923, is a three-story-plus-basement wood shingle building representative of the First Bay Region Tradition. It has public rooms, a dining room, and a kitchen on the main floor and guest sleeping rooms on the upper two floors. Designed by renowned campus architect John Galen Howard, the building is eligible to the National Register of Historic Places for its association with the growing role of women in teaching, research, and administration and as the work of a master architect. The building retains a high level of historical integrity, and continues to function much as it has since its original completion. The building is surrounded by relatively private outdoor spaces, and is visually almost secluded in the riparian setting along Strawberry Creek. Along with two neighbors already listed in the National Register of Historic Places, the (Men’s) Faculty Club and Senior Hall, the Women’s Faculty Club and the wooded setting are an important element of the picturesque part of the Berkeley campus. The Women’s Faculty Club is historically significant as an institution and has been strongly associated with the building the group planned and financed within a few years of its 1 “NPS-28: Cultural Resource Management Guideline:” UC Berkeley 2020 LRDP EIR Continuing Best Practice CUL- 2-a states in part: “If a project could cause a substantial adverse change in features that convey the significance of a primary or secondary resource, an Historic Structures Assessment (HSA) would be prepared.” University of California, Berkeley 2020 LRDP EIR, Volume 1, 4.4-54. WOMEN’S FACULTY CLUB HISTORIC STRUCTURE REPORT KNAPP ARCHITECTS 9 formation. The organization has a strong association with the increasingly important role of women in the faculty and administration at UC Berkeley during the 20th century. In its first decades, the Club building was literally home to a number of women faculty and staff, though its sleeping rooms are now used exclusively for short-term guests. This HSR includes six chapters, and an appendix, including a bibliography. Following the Introduction is the Historical Context, which provides historical background on the founding of the University of California, the Women’s Faculty
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