The,Tirupur Area Development Pxogram: Public Disclosure Authorized
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E-121 VOL. 5 The,Tirupur Area Development Pxogram: Public Disclosure Authorized .~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. .-- -- , - . Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Project Documentation,- Envir'onmental & Social; Public Disclosure Authorized Assessment Repoprt Environmental and Social Assessment Report Tirupur Area Development Project Prepared for Infrastructure Leasing and Financial Services Ltd. Prepared by Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai Tamil Nadu Institute of Urban Studies, Coimbatore October 1998 Environmentaland Social Assessment Report TirupurArea Development Project Table Of Contents Chapter Title Page Number Number List of Annexures List of Acronyms List of Tables List of Figures EXECUTIVESUMMARY i-xvi 1.0 CONTEXTOF THE PROJECT 1.1 Background 1-1 1.2 SituationAnalysis 1-1 1.2.1 Populationof Tirupur 1-3 1.2.2 Industrial Scenario 1-3 1.2.3 ExistingWater System 1-3 1.2.4 ExistingSanitation Facilities 1-4 1.2.5 ExistingDomestic WastewaterSystem 1-4 1.2.6 ExistingIndustrial Wastewater System 1-4 1.3 Need for the Project 1-5 1.4 Project Scope 1-6 1.5 Approachto Project Implementation 1-6 1.6 Objectiveof the Environmentaland Social Assessment(ESA) 1-7 1.7- Methodology 1-8 1.7.1 EnvironmentalAssessment (EA) 1-8 1.7.2 SocialAssessment (SA) 1-9 1.8 Organisationof the Environmentaland Social AssessmentReport 1-10 (ESAR) 2.0 PROJECTDESCRIPTION 2.1 Preamble 2-1 2.2 Water SupplySystem 2-1 2.2.1 Water Source 2-1 2.2.2 Intake Works 2-1 2.2.3 Raw Water Main 2-3 2.2.4 Water TreatmentPlant 2-3 2.2.5 Treated WaterPumping Station and TransmissionMain 2-3 2.2.6 En-route supply 2-3 2.2.7 MasterBalancing Reservoir (MBR) 2-4 2.2.8 FeederMains 24 2.210 Local WaterDistribution Station Outside TM 2-4 2.2.9 Water DistributionStations (WDS) 2-4 2.2.11 Water DistributionSystem with TM 2-4 2.3 SewerageSystem 2-5 2.3.1 Sewers 2-5 2.3.2 SewagePumping Station 2-5 2.3.3 SewageTreatment Plant (STP) 2-5 Environmentaland SocialAssessment Report TirupurArea DevelopmentProject Chapter Title Page Number Number 2.4 Low Cost Sanitation 2-7 2.5 ConstructionSchedule 2-7 3.0 ENVIRONMENTALSETTING 3.1 Preamble 3-1 3.2 Surface WaterQuality 3-1 3.2.1 Cauveryand Bhavani Rivers 3-1 3.2.2 Surface WaterQuality - Noyyal and Nallar Rivers and 3-6 S.PeriyapalayamLake 3.3 GroundWater Quality in and aroundTirupur 3-8 3.4 EcologicalAssessment 3-11 3.4.1 Aquatic Flora and Fauna 3-12 3.4.2 TerrestrialFlora and Fauna 3-13 3.5 Summary 3-14 4.0 ANALYSISOF ALTERNATIVES 4.1 Preamble 4-1 4.2 Identificationof StrategicAlternatives for Sourceof Water Supply 4-1 4.2.1 Analysis Of Alternativesfor Sourceof Water 4-2 4.3 Analysis of Alternativesfor Siting the Project Componentsand 4-3 Routing 5.0 PREDICTIONAND ASSESSMENTOF IMPACTS 5-1 5.1 Pre-constructionPhase Impacts 5-1 5.1.1 Impact on Vegetation 5-1 5.1.2 Noise and Dust 5-2 5.1.3 Other Impacts 5-2 5.2 Construction phase Impacts 5-2 5.2.1 Impact on Air Quality 5-2 5.2.2 Noiselmpacts 5-4 5.2.3 Other Impacts 5-5 5.3 OperationPhase Impacts 5-6 5.3.1 Noise Pollution 5-6 5.3.2 Reductionin the downstreamof the river 5-7 5.3 3 Sludge generationfrom the water treatmentplant 5-7 5.3.4 Sludge generationform sewageplant 5.3.5 Sludge disposal 5-8 5.4 Summaryof Adverse Impacts 5-8 5.5 Project Benefits 5-12 6.0 ENVIRONMENTMANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) 6.1 Preamble 6-1 6.2 EMP for the ConstructionPhase impacts 6-1 ii Environmentaland SocialAssessment Report TirupurArea DevelopmentPmject Chapter Title Page Number Number 6.2.1 Managing Impact on Vegetation 6-1 6.2.2 Management of Noise Impacts 6-2 6.2.3 Managing Impacts due to Movement of Construction Machinery 6-3 6.2.4 Managing Impact on Air Pollution 6-4 6.2.5 Managing Impact due to Labor Camps 6-4 6.3 EMP for the Operation Phase Impacts 6-5 6.3.1 Disposal of sludge from Water Treatment Plant 6-5 6.3.2 Sludge Generated from Sewage Treatment Plant 6-6 6.3.6 Overall environmental management plan 6-6 6.4 EnvirornmentalMonitoring 6-10 6.4.1 Infrastructure requirements 6-11 6.4.2 Institutional Arrangement 6-11 7.0 SOCIAL SETTING AND LAND ACQUISITION PROCEDURE 7-1 7.1 Introduction 7-1 7.2 Distribution of Project Components 7-2 7.3 Constitution of TLPA 7-4 7.4 Decadal Growth of TLPA 7-4 7.5 Socio-Economic Profile 7-4 7.6 Projected Occupational Pattem of TLPA - 2001 7-6 7.7 Social Amenities 7-6 7.7.1 Water Supply 7-6 7.7.2 Drainage and Sewerage 7-7 7.7.3 Health 7-7 7.8 Land Use Pattem of TLPA 7-8 7.9 Proposed Land Use Pattern 7-9 7.9.1 Residential Use 7-9 7.9.2 Commercial Use 7-9 7.9.3 Industrial Use 7-9 7.9.4 Land Values and Ownership 7-10 7.9.5 Social Attitude towards Possession of Land 7.10 Land and Property Acquisition Procedures 7-11 7.11 Acquisition of Other lands 7-13 8.0 PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS - IDENTIFICATION, 8-1 MINIMIZATION AND PROFILE 8.1 Introduction 8-1 8.2 Definitions 8-1 8.2.1 Project Affected Persons 8-2 8.2.2 Project Affected Families 8-2 8.3 Identification of PAPs at Sites for Project Components 8-2 8.4 Identification of PAPs along the Water Transmission Main 8-4 (WTM) 8.5 Identification of PAPs along the Feeder Main Routes 8-5 8.6 Identification of PAPs along the Sewer Lines 8-6 iii Environmentaland SocialAssessment Report TirupurArea DevelopmentProject Chapter Title Page Number Number 8.7 Categoriesof PAPs 8-7 8.7.1 Land OwnerPAPs 8-7 8.7.2 EncroachersPAPs 8-7 8.7.3 PartiallyAffected Persons 8-8 8.8 Detailed Identification 8-8 8.8.1 Land HolderPAPs 8-8 8.8.2 EncroacherPAPs 8-11 8.9 Socio-EconomicProfile of SquattersPAPs 8-11 8.9.1 Social Structure 8-11 8.9.2 DemographicFeatures 8-12 8.9.3 SpecialPopulation 8-12 8.9.4 EconomicCondition 8-12 8.10 Assessmentof StructuresOwned by PAPs 8-13 8.11 CommonInfrastructure Facilities and Living Conditions 8-13 8.12 HousingCondition 8-14 8.13 Housing Size and SurroundingArea 8-14 8.14 InfrastructureFacilities Available for PAPs 8-15 8.15 Preferenceof PAPs for Compensation 8-15 8.16 Minimizationof Social Impacts 8-16 8.16.1 Minimizationof Social Impacts at Sites for Project Components 8-16 8.16.2 Minimizationof social impactsalong WTM routes 8-17 8.16.3 Minimizationof social impactsalong the Feeder Mains routes 8-19 8.17 Impacton Host Communities 8-19 9.0 RESETTLEMENTACTION PLAN (RAP) 9-1 9.1 Introduction 9-1 9.2 Approachfor Mitigationof Social Impacts 9-1 9.3 Assessmentof Compensation 9-2 9.3.1 WaterIntake Well 9-2 9.3.2 Raw WaterTransmission Line and WaterTreatment Plant 9-3 9.3.3 WaterTransmission Line and FeederMains 9-4 9.3.4 Master BalancingReservoir 9-4 9.3.5 ServiceReservoirs on Feeder Main 1 9-5 9.3.6 ServiceReservoirs on FeederMain II 9-6 9.3.7 ServiceReservoirs on Feeder Main II 9-8 9.3.8 Sewage Treatment Plant - East 9-8 9.3.9 Sewage Treatment Plant - West 9-9 9.3.10 SewagePumping Stations 9-9 9.3.11 Booster PumpingStations 9-10 9.4 ResettlementAction Plan 9-11 9.5 Rehabilitation 9-13 9.5.1 Budget for Training 9-13 9.5.2 Placement 9-14 9.6 CommunityDevelopment 9-14 9.6.1 Balwadi 9-14 iv Environmentaland SocialAssessment Report TirupurArea DevelopmentProject Chapter Title Page Number Number 9.6.2 NationalLiteracy Mission Unit 9-14 9.6.3 De-addictionCenter 9-14 9.6.4 ConvergenceEfforts 9-14 9.6.5 Public Informationand Consultation 9-17 9.6 InstitutionalArrangements for RAP 9-17 9.6.1 ImplementationResponsibility 9-17 9.6.2 ProjectLevel R&R Implementationand MonitoringCommittee 9-18 9.6.3 Structureof RAP Implementationand MonitoringCommittee 9-18 9.6.4 Tasksfor the NGO/Consultant 9-19 9.6.5 ImplementationSchedule 9-20 9.6.6 Monitoringand Evaluation(M&E) 9-20 9.6.7 Budget for the NGO and M&E Agency 9-20 9.6.8 Monitoringby IL&FS 9-21 9.7 OverallBudget for RAP 9-21 10.0 RISK MANAGEMENT 10-1 10.1 Introduction 10-1 10.2 Public Resentmentto CompensationRelated to LA 10-1 10.3 Uncertaintyin Assured Off-takesfrom the Water Source 10-2 10.4 Contaminationof Water at the Intake Works 10-4 10.5 Closureof Industriesdue to EnvironmentalNon-compliance 10-5 10.6 Conclusion 10-7 v Environmentaland SocialAssessment Report TirupurArea DevelopmentProject List of Annexures Annexure 3A Surface Water Quality in CauveryRiver at Kodumudi Annexure 3B Surface Water Quality in Bhavani River at Savandapur Annexure 3C Surface Water Quality in Cauvery River at Urachikkottai Annexure 3D Test Characteristics for Drinking Water Annexure 3E Water Quality of Tirupur Municipal Water Supply Source from Bhavani River at Mettupalayam Annexure 3F Characteristicsof Water in Bhavani and CauveryRivers (as on 8.6.96) Annexure 3G Characteristicsof Water in River Bhavani (18.6.96) Annexure 3H ChemicalQuality of Surface Water in Tirupur (2.6.96) Annexure 31 Characteristicsof Water in Nallar River at Nallathupalayam (19.6.96 and 20.6.96) Annexure 3J BacteriologicalQuality of Surface Water in Tirupur (MPN/I 00 ml) Annexure 3K Ground Water Quality in Tirupur Annexure 3L KoilvazhiBore Well Water Quality Annexure3M Ground Water Quality in Tirupur Master Plan Area Annexure 3N Sampling locationfor groundwater quality in and around Tirupur Annexure 30 ChemicalQuality of Ground Water in Tirupur (9.6.96and 10.6.96) Annexure 3P Chemical Quality of Ground Water in Tirupur (28.7.96 and 29.7.96) Annexure 3Q Color Intensity of Ground Water in Tirupur (9.6.96and 10.6.96) Annexure 3R BacteriologicalQuality of Ground Water in Tirupur (MPN/I00 ml) Annexure 3S Aquatic and ShorelineMacro Faunal Compositionin Cauvery River System Annexure 6A Details of Labour Camps Annexure 8A Squatter PAFs-Identification, Assets and Income Annexure 9A Minutes of PIC Meeting Annexure I OA Stage DischargeData of Cauvery System vi Environmentaland Social Assessment Report TirupurArea Development