DOCSLIB.ORG

Chatham House, the United Nations Association and the Politics of Foreign Policy, C. 1945-1975

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chatham House, the United Nations Association and the Politics of Foreign Policy, C. 1945-1975 CHATHAM HOUSE, THE UNITED NATIONS ASSOCIATION AND THE POLITICS OF FOREIGN POLICY, c.1945-1975 By JAMIE KENNETH JOHN PERRY A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of History School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham June 2015 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract This thesis details the purchase of liberal internationalism on elite and public opinion between 1945 and 1975 by examining two of its bastions, the Royal Institute of International Affairs, better known as Chatham House, and the United Nations Association, the successor organisation to the League of Nations Union. It reveals how liberal internationalism survived the collapse of the League of Nations and the Second World War by exploring the relationships Chatham House and UNA had with the public, media, Whitehall and the main political parties. Chatham House and UNA had a significant impact upon these groups, acting as democratising agents in foreign policy by extending debate over international affairs beyond Whitehall. Nonetheless, although elite and popular liberal internationalism survived past 1945, it struggled to do so and in order to fully appreciate how, it is necessary to simultaneously assess the confines they and their fellow NGOs worked within. Chatham House and UNA’s impact upon the politics of foreign policy must also be understood in connection with the formal and informal political structures that restricted their attempts to democratise foreign policy; structures that promoted the illusory bifurcation of domestic and international affairs. ii Acknowledgements A profound debt of gratitude is owed to my supervisor Nick Crowson whose formidable knowledge and generous support ensured that this project could attempt its more ambitious directions while remaining a logistical possibility. It has been a great pleasure to work with him. At the University of Birmingham, I have further benefited from the excellent advice of Matthew Hilton, James McKay, Jean-François Mouhot, Ben White, Sadiah Qureshi, Kevin O’Sullivan, Corey Ross, Chris Moores, Su Lin Lewis, Shirley Ye, David Gange, William Purkis and Chris Hill. I would also like to thank Antony Best, James Ellison, Michael Dockrill, Michelle Blagg, Michael Kandiah, Susan Pedersen, Larry Witherell and Anne- Isabelle Richard for their insights on various aspects of this work. I am immensely grateful to friends at Birmingham for their own insights, encouragement and provision of excuses to escape my desk. My thanks therefore go to Saima Nasar, Daisy Payling, Patrick Longson, Andy Jones, Amy Edwards, Rebecca Crites, Kelly Waterhouse, Sam Humphreys, Bob Brown, Geoff Humble, Ellis Stacey, Eliana Hadjisavvas, David Kerr and Rebecca Jones. This project was made possible by a College of Arts and Law scholarship. The Royal Historical Society kindly provided further funding to cover a significant portion of my research expenses. I am also very grateful for the assistance provided during my research by the staff at the BBC Written Archives Centre, the Bodleian Library, the British Library of Political and Economic Science, Chatham House, the Churchill Archives Centre, Hull History Centre, the University of Warwick Modern Records Centre, the Museum of English Rural Life, the National Archives, the Parliamentary Archives, the People’s History Museum and the Royal United Services Institute. Finally, heartfelt thanks must go to my family and old friends who have helped keep my spirits high throughout my doctoral research while enduring my neglect with grace and understanding. Special thanks go to my friends Mike Collins and Sarah Unwin, George House, Rebecca Kealey, Rebecca Cavill, Rebecca Warren, Tom Woodward and Mark Gosling. I am extremely grateful for the support provided by my sister Marie Perry and her partner Tim McCarthy, my grandmothers Valerie Whent and Marguerite Perry, my great- uncle Arthur Gamblin and my partner’s parents Alan and Jackie Brooks. Without the unwavering support, past and present, supplied by my parents Melvyn and Joanne Perry, this project would never have come into fruition. Without the patience and generosity of my partner Gemma Brooks, this thesis would have been a pale imitation of what follows. iii Contents List of Illustrations and Figures vi List of Tables vii List of Abbreviations viii 1 Introduction: Beyond the Twenty Years’ Crisis 1 The Strange Survival of Liberal Internationalism 4 Loud and Quiet Actors 15 The Existing Literature 28 Squaring the Circle 33 Argument and Organisation 40 2 Cultivating Public Opinion: Understanding the Public Understanding of 43 International Affairs A Tale of Two Models 46 The King-Hall Model Challenged 56 Internationalism with the International Politics Left In 76 Educating Unreliable Educators 98 The Public Understanding of International Affairs 116 Conclusion 126 3 The Same Old Diplomacy? Whitehall and Being an Insider 129 Dividing the China 133 New Beginnings 141 Unofficial Diplomacy at Home and Abroad 145 The World Federation of United Nations Associations 151 ‘Irresponsible Malcontents’ 155 Highs and Lows 162 Money 169 Conclusion 180 4 Fighting for Consensus: Party Politics and Internationalism 183 Politically Apolitical 186 Westminster 198 The Labour Movement 210 Conservatism 232 The Liberal Party and Centrism 251 Conclusion 261 5 Conclusion: Whatever Happened to Liberal Internationalism? 265 The Fracturing of Liberal Internationalism 266 More Sinned against than Sinning? 271 iv Lost Opportunities 276 After the Seventies 280 Extrapolations 286 Appendix: Chatham House and UNA’s Principal Officers, 1945-1975 291 Bibliography 293 v List of Illustrations and Figures Illustration 2.1. UNA advert in the Guardian, part of the 1968/69 membership 96 campaign. Figure 1.1. Total individual membership of UNA and CND, 1945-1988. 25 Figure 1.2. Total number of mentions received by UNA and CND in a range of 25 newspapers, 1945-1975. Figure 2.1. Chatham House membership intake and wastage, 1945-1953. 66 Figure 2.2. Membership of Chatham House, 1945-1975. 66 Figure 2.3. Total number of Chatham House’s corporate subscribers, 1945- 67 1975. Figure 2.4. Proportion of Chatham House’s total income from individual and 67 corporate membership, 1945-1975. Figure 2.5. UNA total individual membership, 1945-1975. 78 Figure 2.6. Total number of branches, 1945-1975. 78 Figure 2.7. Number of mentions of Chatham House in a selection of 99 newspapers, 1945-1975. Figure 2.8. Number of mentions of UNA in a selection of newspapers, 1945- 99 1975. Figure 4.1. Balance of party affiliation among the MPs sitting on the Chatham 187 House Council, 1945-1975. Figure 4.2. Balance of party affiliation among the MPs sitting on the UNA 187 Executive Committee, 1945-1975. Figure 4.3. Number of parliamentary debates and written submissions that made 205 reference to Chatham House, 1945-1975. Figure 4.4. Number of command papers and reports of committees that made 205 reference to Chatham House, 1945-1975. Figure 4.5. Number of parliamentary debates and written submissions that made 209 reference to UNA, 1945-1975. Figure 4.6. Number of command papers and reports of committees that made 209 reference to UNA 1945-1975. Figure 4.7. Party affiliation of MPs or peers who first mentioned Chatham 219 House within a parliamentary debate, 1945-1975. Figure 4.8. Party affiliation of MPs or peers who first mentioned UNA within a 219 parliamentary debate, 1945-1975. Figure 4.9. Number of mentions of Chatham House in parliament by party and 221 government, 1945-1975. vi List of Tables Table 2.1. The questions posed in UNA’s 1955 Citizens’ Enquiry. 87 Table 2.2. The questions and replies to UNA’s 1960 Disarmament Enquiry. 88 vii List of Abbreviations ABCA Army Bureau of Current Affairs AGM Annual General Meeting BCA Bureau of Current Affairs CEWC Council for Education in World Citizenship CFR Council on Foreign Relations CND Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament ECSC European Coal and Steel Community EEC European Economic Community EPA Empire Parliamentary Association EU European Union FORD Foreign Office Research Department FRPS Foreign Research and Press Service IISS International Institute for Strategic Studies IPR Institute of Pacific Relations ISD International Service Department LNU League of Nations Union NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NCANWT National Council for the Abolition of Nuclear Weapons Tests NGO Non-Governmental Organisation PSU Policy Studies Unit PUS Permanent Under-Secretary TUC Trade Union Congress UDC Union of Democratic Control UN United Nations UNA United Nations Association UNAPPG United Nations All Party Parliamentary Group UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund UNSA United Nations Student Association VSU Voluntary Services Unit WEA Workers’ Educational Association WFUNA
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mozambique to 2018 Managers, Mediators and Magnates Executive Summary and Recommendations
    Chatham House Report | Executive Summary Alex Vines, Henry Thompson, Soren Kirk Jensen and Elisabete Azevedo-Harman | June 2015 Mozambique to 2018 Managers, Mediators and Magnates Executive Summary and Recommendations Recent political developments in Mozambique mark the The challenges for Mozambique’s government are beginning of an important era. The party of government, interlinked. The lack of large-scale revenues and the the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO), is clearly persistence of a constrained tax base mean that it does not anxious to back the newly elected head of state, Filipe have the funding required to develop the roads, railways Nyusi, who – following an initial tussle with his predecessor and electrification that would hugely benefit internal and – is apparently keen to open a different style of dialogue external trade, and bring investment into the business with his rivals both among the country’s opposition parties sector. Furthermore, the country’s economic growth is and within FRELIMO itself. This apparent political maturing partly offset by the scale of the ‘youth bulge’ coming on to comes at a time when the prospect of significant economic the labour market. Unless its young people are able to find transition is gaining ground. employment, any real gains in alleviating Mozambique’s persistent poverty will be lost. Opportunities bring challenges Cognizant of the political sensitivities involved, and working with international donors and investors, Mozambique’s policy-makers have to select and undertake Foreign investors are committing to Mozambique, and a clear and unambiguous set of measures that balance the this can only have been encouraged by recent political short-term needs of commercially competitive industries developments.
    [Show full text]
  • Liberalism, Social Democracy, and Tom Kent Kenneth C
    Liberalism, Social Democracy, and Tom Kent Kenneth C. Dewar Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d'études canadiennes, Volume 53, Number/numéro 1, Winter/hiver 2019, pp. 178-196 (Article) Published by University of Toronto Press For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/719555 Access provided by Mount Saint Vincent University (19 Mar 2019 13:29 GMT) Journal of Canadian Studies • Revue d’études canadiennes Liberalism, Social Democracy, and Tom Kent KENNETH C. DEWAR Abstract: This article argues that the lines separating different modes of thought on the centre-left of the political spectrum—liberalism, social democracy, and socialism, broadly speaking—are permeable, and that they share many features in common. The example of Tom Kent illustrates the argument. A leading adviser to Lester B. Pearson and the Liberal Party from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, Kent argued for expanding social security in a way that had a number of affinities with social democracy. In his paper for the Study Conference on National Problems in 1960, where he set out his philosophy of social security, and in his actions as an adviser to the Pearson government, he supported social assis- tance, universal contributory pensions, and national, comprehensive medical insurance. In close asso- ciation with his philosophy, he also believed that political parties were instruments of policy-making. Keywords: political ideas, Canada, twentieth century, liberalism, social democracy Résumé : Cet article soutient que les lignes séparant les différents modes de pensée du centre gauche de l’éventail politique — libéralisme, social-démocratie et socialisme, généralement parlant — sont perméables et qu’ils partagent de nombreuses caractéristiques.
    [Show full text]
  • Nunsthorpe Garden City History Group Memories
    Nunsthorpe Garden City History Group Memories Compiled by Roy and Sheila Ellis between 2007 and 2017 Acknowledgement We would like to thank all the contributors to this document for their time and patience and most of all their memories. Many thanks to the Second Avenue Resource Centre staff and special mention to Margaret Horsburgh for her help throughout the time we have been meeting at the centre and her special talent for proof reading. Full marks to Jayne Smith for her skills as a tutor to two very inexperienced computer students, we appreciate the help given us, some of which was in her own time. To David Cowell for the photographs of 1936 school days which he made available to us. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Table of Contents MURIEL PARKER (NEE GREEN) ................................................................................ 1 GLADYS WARMAN (NEE KULLICH) ........................................................................ 3 The Lamp Lighter ................................................................................................................ 5 Tiger Kullich ....................................................................................................................... 9 RON ELLIS ..................................................................................................................... 13 JACK HOPPER ............................................................................................................... 17 BETTY MARRIOTT (NEE ROSS) ..............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 'The Left's Views on Israel: from the Establishment of the Jewish State To
    ‘The Left’s Views on Israel: From the establishment of the Jewish state to the intifada’ Thesis submitted by June Edmunds for PhD examination at the London School of Economics and Political Science 1 UMI Number: U615796 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615796 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 F 7377 POLITI 58^S8i ABSTRACT The British left has confronted a dilemma in forming its attitude towards Israel in the postwar period. The establishment of the Jewish state seemed to force people on the left to choose between competing nationalisms - Israeli, Arab and later, Palestinian. Over time, a number of key developments sharpened the dilemma. My central focus is the evolution of thinking about Israel and the Middle East in the British Labour Party. I examine four critical periods: the creation of Israel in 1948; the Suez war in 1956; the Arab-Israeli war of 1967 and the 1980s, covering mainly the Israeli invasion of Lebanon but also the intifada. In each case, entrenched attitudes were called into question and longer-term shifts were triggered in the aftermath.
    [Show full text]
  • Young Arab Voices Moving Youth Policy from Debate Into Action Contents
    Research Paper Claire Spencer and Saad Aldouri Middle East and North Africa Programme | May 2016 Young Arab Voices Moving Youth Policy from Debate into Action Contents Summary 2 Introduction 3 Methodology and Contextual Review 8 Challenges and Opportunities for Youth Engagement: The Regional Context 13 Key Issues 20 Conclusions and Recommendations 28 Appendix: Interview/Focus Group Questions 32 About the Authors 33 Acknowledgments 34 1 | Chatham House Young Arab Voices: Moving Youth Policy from Debate into Action Summary • European and US funders have increased their provision of youth-focused programming in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) since the popular uprisings of 2011, but the majority of those in the 18–25 age range have largely disengaged from formal political participation. • For young people, access to channels for civic participation, within or outside political parties, remains extremely limited. Feelings of disempowerment are prevalent, and policy-making is perceived as being dominated by an older generation of elites who are out of touch with the aspirations and needs of today’s youth. • External assumptions made about the risks of youth radicalization – above all, affiliation to groups such as Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) – often fail to reflect the more commonly expressed desire of many young people to seek ownership and agency in shaping the future of their communities and societies as active and constructive citizens. • The centralization of political power is a key driver in youth marginalization, blocking their engagement in social and political issues of interest and concern to them. ‘Top-down’ approaches to national youth policies not only fail to engage young people but also risk increasing their disillusionment.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes to the Introduction I the Expansion of England
    NOTES Abbreviations used in the notes: BDEE British Documents of the End of Empire Cab. Cabinet Office papers C.O. Commonwealth Office JICH journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History Notes to the Introduction 1. J. C. D. Clark, '"The Strange Death of British History?" Reflections on Anglo-American Scholarship', Historical journal, 40: 3 (1997), pp. 787-809 at pp. 803, 809. 2. S. R. Ashton and S. E. Stockwell (eds), British Documents of the End of Empire, series A, vol. I: Imperial Policy and Colonial Practice, 1925-1945, part I: Metro­ politan Reorganisation, Defence and International Relations, Political Change and Constitutional Reform (London: HMSO, 1996), p. xxxix. Some general state­ ments were collected, with statements on individual colonies, and submitted to Harold Macmillan, who dismissed them as 'scrappy, obscure and jejune, and totally unsuitable for publication' (ibid., pp. 169-70). 3. Clark,' "The Strange Death of British History"', p. 803. 4. Alfred Cobban, The Nation State and National Self-Determination (London: Fontana, 1969; first issued 1945 ), pp. 305-6. 5. Ibid., p. 306. 6. For a penetrating analysis of English constitutional thinking see William M. Johnston, Commemorations: The Cult of Anniversaries in Europe and the United States Today (New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers, 1991). 7. Elizabeth Mancke, 'Another British America: a Canadian Model for the Early Modern British Empire',]ICH, 25: 1 (January 1997), pp. 1-36, at p. 3. I The Expansion of England 1. R. A. Griffiths, 'This Royal Throne ofKings, this Scept'red Isle': The English Realm and Nation in the later Middle Ages (Swansea, 1983), pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Mary Benson's at the Still Point and the South African Political Trial
    Safundi The Journal of South African and American Studies ISSN: 1753-3171 (Print) 1543-1304 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rsaf20 Stenographic fictions: Mary Benson’s At the Still Point and the South African political trial Louise Bethlehem To cite this article: Louise Bethlehem (2019) Stenographic fictions: Mary Benson’s AttheStillPoint and the South African political trial, Safundi, 20:2, 193-212, DOI: 10.1080/17533171.2019.1576963 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2019.1576963 © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Published online: 08 May 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 38 View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rsaf20 SAFUNDI: THE JOURNAL OF SOUTH AFRICAN AND AMERICAN STUDIES 2019, VOL. 20, NO. 2, 193–212 https://doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2019.1576963 Stenographic fictions: Mary Benson’s At the Still Point and the South African political trial Louise Bethlehem Principal Investigator, European Research Council Project APARTHEID-STOPS, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel ABSTRACT KEYWORDS From the mid-1960s onward, compilations of the speeches and trial South African political trials; addresses of South African opponents of apartheid focused atten- Mary Benson; the Holocaust; tion on the apartheid regime despite intensified repression in the Eichmann trial; wake of the Rivonia Trial. Mary Benson’s novel, At the Still Point, multidirectional memory transposes the political trial into fiction. Its “stenographic” codes of representation open Benson’s text to what Paul Gready, following Foucault, has analyzed as the state’s “power of writing”: one that entangles the political trialist in a coercive intertextual negotiation with the legal apparatus of the apartheid regime.
    [Show full text]
  • From Behind Closed Doors to the Campaign Trail: Race and Immigration in British Party Politics, 1945-1965 Nicole M
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 11-14-2008 From Behind Closed Doors to the Campaign Trail: Race and Immigration in British Party Politics, 1945-1965 Nicole M. Chiarodo University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Chiarodo, Nicole M., "From Behind Closed Doors to the Campaign Trail: Race and Immigration in British Party Politics, 1945-1965" (2008). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/174 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. From Behind Closed Doors to the Campaign Trail: Race and Immigration in British Party Politics, 1945-1965 By Nicole M. Chiarodo A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Graydon Tunstall, Ph.D. Co-Major Professor: Kathleen Paul, Ph.D. Co-Major Professor: Fraser Ottanelli, Ph.D. Date of Approval: November 14, 2008 Keywords: great britain, race relations, citizenship, conservative, labour © Copyright 2008, Nicole M. Chiarodo TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract i Introduction 1 In the Aftermath of War 9 The 1950s Conservative Government 21 Towards Restriction and Into the Public Gaze 34 Smethwick and After 46 Conclusion 59 Works Cited 64 i From Behind Closed Doors to the Campaign Trail: Race and Immigration in British Party Politics, 1945-1965 Nicole M.
    [Show full text]
  • Literaturverzeichnis
    Literaturverzeichnis Jürgen Peter Schmied Sebastian Haffner Eine Biographie 683 Seiten, Gebunden ISBN: 978-3-406-60585-7 © Verlag C.H.Beck oHG, München Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis I. Quellen A Ungedruckte Quellen 1. Akten Archiv der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin. Matrikelbuch, Rektorat, 600/116. Jur. Fak., Bd. 309. BBC Written Archive Centre, Reading. RCont 1, Sebastian Haffner File 1. Bundesarchiv. Personalakte Raimund Pretzel, R 3001, 71184. Personalakte Raimund Pretzel, ehemals BDC, RKK 2101, Box 0963, File 09. Bundesbehörde für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Berlin. ZA, MfS – HA IX/11. AF Pressemappe. ZA, MfS – HA IX/11. AF Z I, Bd. 3. ZA, MfS – HA IX/11. AF N-II, Bd. 1, Bd. 2. ZA, MfS – F 16/HVA. ZA, MfS – F 22/HVA. National Archives, Kew. FO 371/24424 FO 371/26554 FO 371/106085 HO 334/219 INF 1/119 KV 2/1129 KV 2/1130 PREM 11/3357 Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amtes, Berlin. B 8, Bd. 1498. B 11, Bd. 1019. 2 2. Nachlässe NL Konrad Adenauer Stiftung Bundeskanzler-Adenauer-Haus, Rhöndorf. NL Raymond Aron École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Paris. Centre de recherches politiques Raymond Aron. NL David Astor Privatbesitz. NL Margret Boveri Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Handschriftenabteilung. NL Willy Brandt Archiv der sozialen Demokratie. Friedrich-Ebert- Stiftung, Bonn. NL Eugen Brehm Institut für Zeitgeschichte, München. NL William Clark Bodleian Library, Oxford. Department of Special Col- lections and Western Manuscripts. NL Arthur Creech Jones Rhodes House Library, Oxford. NL Isaac Deutscher International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam. NL Sebastian Haffner Bundesarchiv.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Divided Within Itself': the Parliamentary Labour 'Right'
    Article 'Divided Within Itself’: The Parliamentary Labour ‘Right’ and the Demise of Post- war Revisionist Social Democracy in the 1970s Meredith, Stephen Available at http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/21721/ Meredith, Stephen ORCID: 0000-0003-2382-1015 (2019) 'Divided Within Itself’: The Parliamentary Labour ‘Right’ and the Demise of Post-war Revisionist Social Democracy in the 1970s. Parliamentary History, 38 (2). pp. 244-261. ISSN 0264-2824 It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-0206.12446 For more information about UCLan’s research in this area go to http://www.uclan.ac.uk/researchgroups/ and search for <name of research Group>. For information about Research generally at UCLan please go to http://www.uclan.ac.uk/research/ All outputs in CLoK are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including Copyright law. Copyright, IPR and Moral Rights for the works on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the policies page. CLoK Central Lancashire online Knowledge www.clok.uclan.ac.uk ‘Divided Within Itself’: The Parliamentary Labour ‘Right’ and the Demise of Post- war Revisionist Social Democracy in the 1970s The article seeks to identify a neglected dimension of the ‘crisis’ and schism of British social democracy in the 1970s from within the ranks of the parliamentary Labour ‘right’ itself. Accounts of the so-called ‘Labour right’ and its influential revisionist social democratic tradition have emphasised its generic cohesion and uniformity over contextual analysis of its inherent intellectual, ideological and political range and diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • HBCP Dudley 3.Pdf
    HITCHMOUGH’S BLACK COUNTRY PUBS DUDLEY (Inc. Harts Hill, Kates Hill, Priory, Woodside) 3rd. Edition - © 2014 Tony Hitchmough. All Rights Reserved www.longpull.co.uk INTRODUCTION Well over 40 years ago, I began to notice that the English public house was more than just a building in which people drank. The customers talked and played, held trips and meetings, the licensees had their own stories, and the buildings had experienced many changes. These thoughts spurred me on to find out more. Obviously I had to restrict my field; Black Country pubs became my theme, because that is where I lived and worked. Many of the pubs I remembered from the late 1960’s, when I was legally allowed to drink in them, had disappeared or were in the process of doing so. My plan was to collect any information I could from any sources available. Around that time the Black Country Bugle first appeared; I have never missed an issue, and have found the contents and letters invaluable. I then started to visit the archives of the Black Country boroughs. Directories were another invaluable source for licensees’ names, enabling me to build up lists. The censuses, church registers and licensing minutes for some areas, also were consulted. Newspaper articles provided many items of human interest (eg. inquests, crimes, civic matters, industrial relations), which would be of value not only to a pub historian, but to local and social historians and genealogists alike. With the advances in technology in mind, I decided the opportunity of releasing my entire archive digitally, rather than mere selections as magazine articles or as a book, was too good to miss.
    [Show full text]
  • Accepted Manuscript, Lovell, the Common Wealth
    Media History For Peer Review Only The ‘Common Wealth Ci rcus’: Popular Politics and the Popular Press in Wartime Britain, 1941–1945 Journal: Media History Manuscript ID CMEH-2016-0038.R2 Manuscript Type: Articles Common Wealth Party; by-elections; Second World War; Daily Mirror; Keywords: Daily Express; Daily Mail. URL: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/CMEH Email: [email protected] Page 1 of 27 Media History 1 2 3 4 THE ‘COMMON WEALTH CIRCUS’: 5 6 Popular politics and the popular press in wartime 1 7 Britain, 1941–1945 8 9 10 Kristopher Lovell 11 12 The popular press is often seen as the ‘voice of the people’. However, an intensive 13 examination of the Daily Mirror, Daily Mail and Daily Express during the Second World War 14 demonstratesFor some Peer problems with thisReview claim. In fact, the wartime Only popular press was 15 uninterested in popular political movements, notably the Common Wealth Party, which had a 16 string of by-election successes in the second half of the war. They only took notice of the 17 organisation after it was electorally successful, and even then, its focus was less on its 18 popular support than on the political elites within the party. This paper discusses the 19 Common Wealth Party’s relationship with the press and the implications this has for our 20 understanding of the way non-mainstream political parties were represented in the wartime 21 popular press. It adds to current scholarship by presenting the first detailed discussion of the 22 Common Wealth Party’s coverage in the British press, and widens the debate on the role of 23 24 the press during the war.
    [Show full text]