Invasive Alien Species - Prioritising prevention efforts through horizon scanning ENV.B.2/ETU/2014/0016 Final report Dr Helen E. Roy July – 2015 Invasive Alien Species - Prioritising prevention efforts through horizon scanning EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for the Environment Directorate B — Natural Capital Unit B2 — Biodiversity Contact: Myriam Dumortier E-mail: [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels EUROPEAN COMMISSION Invasive Alien Species - Prioritising prevention efforts through horizon scanning ENV.B.2/ETU/2014/0016 Final report Coati, Nasua nasua ©Riccardo Scalera Directorate-General for the Environment 2015 EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for the Environment 2015 Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). LEGAL NOTICE This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015 ISBN 978-92-79-50349-8 doi: 10.2779/096586 © European Union, 2015 Reuse authorised. For reproduction or use of images or photos, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holder. Image(s) Nasua nasua ©Riccardo Scalera Invasive Alien Species - Prioritising prevention efforts through horizon scanning ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The project team is grateful to the European Commission for funding this study. Particular thanks to Myriam Dumortier and Spyridon Flevaris for their support and guidance throughout. Collaborations through the COST Action TD1209 “ALIEN Challenge” have been invaluable and the authors would like to acknowledge the COST Association. Katharine Turvey provided administrative support throughout and her diligence was widely noted and appreciated. CITATION Roy, H.E., Adriaens, T., Aldridge, D.C., Bacher, S., Bishop, J.D.D., Blackburn, T.M., Branquart, E., Brodie, J., Carboneras, C., Cook, E.J., Copp, G.H., Dean, H.J., Eilenberg, J., Essl, F., Gallardo, B., Garcia, M., García-Berthou, E., Genovesi, P., Hulme, P.E., Kenis, M., Kerckhof, F., Kettunen, M., Minchin, D., Nentwig, W., Nieto, A., Pergl, J., Pescott, O., Peyton, J., Preda, C., Rabitsch, W., Roques, A., Rorke, S., Scalera, R., Schindler, S., Schönrogge, K., Sewell, J., Solarz, W., Stewart, A., Tricarico, E., Vanderhoeven, S., van der Velde, G., Vilà, M., Wood, C.A., Zenetos, A. (2015) Invasive Alien Species - Prioritising prevention efforts through horizon scanning ENV.B.2/ETU/2014/0016. European Commission. DISCLAIMER The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in the study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. 5 Invasive Alien Species - Prioritising prevention efforts through horizon scanning ACRONYMS IAS – Invasive Alien Species CBD – Convention on Biological Diversity CEFAS – Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science CEH – Centre for Ecology & Hydrology CICES – Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services COST – European Cooperation in Science and Technology EAA – Environment Agency Austria EASIN – European Alien Species Information Network ENSARS – European Non-native Species in Aquaculture Risk Assessment Scheme EPPO – European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation EPPO DSS – EPPO Decision Support Scheme EPPO PP – EPPO Prioritization Process EPPO PRA – EPPO Pest Risk Analysis EC – European Commission EC-ASR – Council Regulation No. 708/2007 of 11 June 2007 concerning use of alien and locally-absent species in aquaculture EFSA PLH for PRA – European Food Safety Authority Panel on Plant Health for Pest Risk Analysis EU – European Union FI-ISK – Freshwater Invertebrate Invasiveness Screening Kit FISK – Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit GABLIS – German-Austrian Black List Information System GB NNRA – Great Britain Non-Native Risk Assessment GISD – Global Invasive Species Database GISS – Generic Impact-Scoring System IEEP – Institute for European Environmental Policy INBO – Research Institute for Nature and Forest INRA – French National Institute for Agricultural Research IPPC – International Plant Protection Convention ISEIA – Invasive Species Environmental Impact Assessment Protocol 6 Invasive Alien Species - Prioritising prevention efforts through horizon scanning ISPM – International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures ISSG – IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group IUCN – International Union for Conservation of Nature JRC – Joint Research Centre of the European Commission MAES – Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services MS – Member State MSFD – Marine Strategy Framework Directive OIE – World Organisation for Animal Health PRA – Pest Risk Analysis RA – Risk assessment WFD – Water Framework Directive WoRMS – World Register of Marine Species WRA – Weed Risk Assessment WTO – World Trade Organisation 7 Invasive Alien Species - Prioritising prevention efforts through horizon scanning AUTHORS Helen E. Roy - Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, UK Project leader and Principal Scientist, leads zoological research within the UK Biological Records Centre (part of the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology). The current focus of her research is predicting the biological impact of invasive alien species (IAS). Helen has worked on IAS for 10 years and as a community ecologist for 20 years. She is the chair of the newly formed COST Action ALIEN Challenge (TD1209) which has been implemented to link and analyse information on IAS across Europe. Helen was the project leader for the recently completed “Invasive alien species – framework for the identification of invasive alien species of EU concern” (ENV.B.2/ETU/2013/0026) and “Scientific workshop to complete selected invasive alien species (IAS) risk assessments” (ARES (2014) 2425342 - 22/07/2014). Helen led this project and contributed expertise on terrestrial invertebrate species. Tim Adriaens – Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Belgium Conservation ecologist at INBO, a Flemish government research institute. IAS expert at the Department of Management and Sustainable Use, research group on wildlife management. Coordinates IAS activities throughout the scientific community and provides support in relation to implementation of European IAS regulation in Belgium. Provide expertise and support to the government and the Agency for Nature and Forest with regards to invasive species management and biodiversity. Current invasion biology topics include control of invasive amphibians and exotic geese populations, invasive weeds and shrubs, ruddy duck and Pallas squirrel eradication, aquatic invasive species, exotic insects used for biological control, invasive species recording through citizen science, surveillance and early warning systems for IAS, among others. Performs and reviews risk assessments for selected IAS and involved in the development of the Harmonia+ protocol. Very active in the European-funded projects Invexo (www.invexo.eu), RINSE (www.rinse-europe.eu) on IAS management, research and policy. Contributed expertise on terrestrial vertebrates. David Aldridge – Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK Head of the Zoology Department’s Aquatic Ecology Group, with broad research interests in applied aquatic ecology and conservation. Two areas of particular interest are the prediction, ecology and control of IAS and the restoration of polluted freshwaters. Work involves extensive collaboration with the water industry, government agencies and NGOs and currently includes projects in four continents. David has taken the lead on a number of national and international projects to horizon-scan, risk-assess and prioritise existing and future freshwater invaders. David co-led the group for freshwater species in the horizon-scanning exercise for IAS likely to have an impact on biodiversity in the UK . He is also currently leading a project funded by the UK government to review the evidence base for the management of high-risk freshwater invaders. In this project, David was the lead for the freshwater fish and invertebrate group of experts. Sven Bacher – University of Fribourg, Switzerland Sven is head of the Biological Invasions research group at the University of Fribourg. He received his PhD in 1996 at the ETH Zurich and since then was leading research groups on agro-ecology, pest control, and invasive species at the universities of Bern and Fribourg. Sven participated in several European research projects, among others ALARM, DAISIE, PRATIQUE, and advises the national and international authorities on 8 Invasive Alien Species - Prioritising prevention efforts through horizon scanning issues of biological invasions. His research focuses on invasion biology and risk analysis including management of pest organisms. He was instrumental in developing impact assessment protocols, e.g. the GISS and the IUCN EICAT schemes. Sven serves on the editorial board of Oecologia, Neobiota, and Journal of Applied Entomology. In this project, he was