Jordan and Emirates Carry out Airstrikes in Syria Against Islamic

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Jordan and Emirates Carry out Airstrikes in Syria Against Islamic A12 N THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 2015 Jordan and Emirates Carry Out Airstrikes in Syria Against Islamic State By HELENE COOPER raids; Mansour Jaboor, the head defend our religion, our nation, American military officials ed Arab Emirates officials that that the most significant contri- and ANNE BARNARD of Jordan’s Air Force, said that and the future of our country and maintained that Islamic State they had sent additional rescue bution that Jordan could make WASHINGTON — Fighter jets Jordan had carried out 56 air- our sons. fighters captured the Jordanian helicopters to Erbil, Iraq. could be through its intelligence deployed by Arab allies launched strikes against the Islamic State But in other ways, since last pilot, First Lt. Moaz al-Kasasbeh, In an interview on Tuesday, contacts, strengthened by clan a series of airstrikes in Syria in in recent days, as King Abdullah week, when the video of the pilot within minutes after his plane Yousef al-Otaiba, the United Arab and tribal links to Iraqis across the early hours Tuesday, as the of Jordan continued to make being burned alive was released, went down, and said that search Emirates ambassador to the the border. United Arab Emirates returned good on his promise to avenge King Abdullah has been stepping teams did not have enough time United States, said that Emirati President Bashar al-Assad of to combat missions against the the immolation of a Jordanian pi- up raids on the Islamic State — or to locate him before he was cap- concerns had been addressed. Syria, in a rare interview with the Islamic State for the first time lot by the militant Sunni group. at least increasingly publicizing tured. A senior military official “The suspension of combat op- BBC on Monday, denied the wide- since December, and Jordan sep- Bahrain’s ruler issued a public them — and working to increase said that Lieutenant Kasasbeh’s erations was made for purely op- ly documented use of indiscrimi- arately continued its escalation of statement that his country was Arab participation in the coalition parachute had been spotted erational and planning reasons, nate barrel bombs by Syrian gov- strikes against Sunni militants. ready to assist Jordan in the fight against the group. quickly by the militants and that not political ones,” Mr. Otaiba ernment forces against civilian A squadron of Emirati F-16 against the Islamic State, accord- The public announcements of he had landed right in their said. He added that the Emirates areas. fighters struck Islamic State tar- ing to a statement released by increased Arab participation in midst. was “fully committed” to defeat- “I know about the army,” Mr. gets in Syria and returned safely Jordan’s palace. the fight against the Islamic But his capture raised ques- ing the Islamic State “and will Assad said. “They use bullets, to base in Jordan, the U.A.E. Jordanian officials denied re- State, also known as ISIS or ISIL, tions about whether rescue not back down.” missiles and bombs. I haven’t Armed Forces announced. ports of a large movement of is welcome news for the Obama teams would have been able to But far more than the oil-rich heard of the army using barrels, Emirati officials said the con- ground troops toward the Iraqi administration, which has sought get to him within the so-called Gulf Arab states, Jordan is deal- or maybe cooking pots.” cerns that had prompted them to border, and asked journalists to to characterize the fight against golden hour, after which time ing with poverty and unemploy- Mr. Assad also maintained that suspend combat missions — that “be careful and to abide by the in- the Sunni militants as an interna- chances of survival from a crash ment, said Hasan Abu Hanieh, a Damascus was being informed the United States Central Com- formation that is issued by the tional coalition with Arab partici- or injury drop sharply. When Jordanian expert on Islamist about airstrikes against the Is- mand had not deployed sufficient concerned agencies and the Jor- pation. United Arab Emirates officials groups. The Obama administra- lamic State, and said that they assets closer to the battlefield to dan Armed Forces.” While American pilots have by discovered that most of the res- tion has increased aid to Jordan, could help his government if they rescue downed pilots — had now “There is no talk about a far carried out the bulk of the cue teams and aircraft were and Congress is prodding the were “more serious.” been addressed. ground war,” one official said, combat missions in Iraq and Syr- based in Kuwait, they said that White House to increase military But the Pentagon press secre- Jordan also stepped up its speaking on the condition of ano- ia, the United States is loath to their pilots would not fly until assistance as well. tary, Rear Adm. John Kirby, said nymity in accordance with gov- appear as if it is acting alone. So there was a system in place for Jordan, however, “needs to the United States was not “com- Helene Cooper reported from ernment protocol. “We will not be the suspension of Emirati combat more rapid search and rescue. make sure the public feels they municating or coordinating our Washington, and Anne Barnard reluctant to face this criminal missions in December came as a Last week, the United States have a real say in this,” Mr. military operations with the As- from Beirut, Lebanon. gang in any place in the world to blow. Central Command notified Unit- Hanieh said. Other analysts said sad regime.” Proof of Death in Hand, Family Honors Hostage By RUKMINI CALLIMACHI and explained that they had con- and ERIC SCHMITT ducted detailed surveillance to For one tortured weekend, the make sure that no hostages were parents of Kayla Mueller refused seen going in or out. But a senior to believe that their daughter American official who requested was dead. From their home in anonymity to discuss classified Prescott, Ariz., they issued an im- information acknowledged that passioned plea to the Islamic they had not been able to survey State, which had held her captive the building around the clock. since August 2013, and urged the “We have no definitive evi- extremist organization to contact dence of how, or when, she died,” them privately with proof of her he added. death. The militants acquiesced Described by friends and fam- and sent at least three photo- ily members as a deeply ideal- graphs of her corpse. istic young woman eager to help Those photos are among the those less fortunate, Ms. Mueller few clues about her life and death was just shy of her 25th birthday in captivity, as is a letter that she on Aug. 4, 2013, when she disap- wrote from her cell last year and peared in the northern Syrian that her family made public on city of Aleppo. Tuesday. She had arrived in Syria a day Two people briefed on the fam- earlier with a Syrian man who ily’s communication with the Is- has been described as her boy- lamic State said that her parents friend or colleague. had received at least three pho- He had been contracted to fix ASSOCIATED PRESS/COURTESY OF THE MUELLER FAMILY tos. Two showed Ms. Mueller, the Internet connection at a Doc- who was 26, in a black hijab, or tors Without Borders office, and Muslim head covering, that part- employees of the international ly obscured her face. Another charity were flabbergasted when showed her in a white burial Ms. Mueller showed up with him. shroud, which is used in tradi- Syria was then a no-go zone for tional Muslim funerals. The im- most international aid workers, ages showed bruises on the face, said employees of the charity, but both people, who reviewed who explained that they had re- the photographs and asked not to luctantly housed her overnight be identified given the sensitivity and agreed to drive her to a bus Kayla Mueller, above, wrote about her captivity in a letter that station for what was supposed to of the matter, said it remained her family made public Tuesday. At left, Ms. Mueller’s aunts, unclear whether her injuries be her trip back to Turkey. were consistent with being killed Her car was ambushed on the Terry Crippes and Lori Lyon, paid tribute to her. in the rubble of a flattened build- way, and she and her Syrian com- ing, as the Islamic State reported. panion were abducted. He was in high school, where she became after to Israel. In 2010, she volun- The group, also known as ISIS later freed and has declined to involved with a campaign that teered with the International Sol- or ISIL, said on Twitter last week speak about what happened. aimed to stop Flagstaff, Ariz., city idarity Movement in the Palestin- that Ms. Mueller had died in a Once in the hands of the mil- officials from using recycled ian territories, according to Ab- building that had been demol- itants, Ms. Mueller was forced to waste water to make snow on a dullah Abu Rahma, the group’s ished by Jordanian airstrikes, a wear the hijab and was placed in set of peaks considered sacred to coordinator in the village of claim that both the White House a cell with female detainees, ac- the Hopi people. By the time she Bil’in. and Jordan’s government said cording to two former hostages enrolled at Northern Arizona He said Ms. Mueller had joined was unfounded. held in the same facility. She was University in 2007, the Save the them in using nonviolent means Yet the images sent to her fam- moved a number of times, and Peaks campaign was just one of to protest the Israeli occupation.
Recommended publications
  • The ISIS Bride
    American University National Security Law Brief Volume 11 Issue 2 Article 4 2021 The Right of Return: The ISIS Bride Casey Hare-Osifchin Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/nslb Part of the National Security Law Commons Recommended Citation Casey Hare-Osifchin "The Right of Return: The ISIS Bride," American University National Security Law Brief, Vol. 11, No. 2 (2021). Available at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/nslb/vol11/iss2/4 This Response or Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University National Security Law Brief by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Right of Return: The ISIS Bride Casey Hare-Osifchin* ABSTRACT With the migration of Westerners to fight as a part of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (“ISIS” or “ISIL”), there is an often-overlooked group of others who flock to the region in order to do what they consider to be their part. This is a group comprised of women, often extremely young, some even minors, who have felt compelled to fulfill their perceived duty to the Caliphate. They are usually branded ISIS brides. These girls and women are frequently radicalized online, and they subsequently travel to war-torn areas to be married to a member of ISIS and provide children for the Caliphate.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Citizens Kidnapped by the Islamic State John W
    CRS Insights U.S. Citizens Kidnapped by the Islamic State John W. Rollins, Specialist in Terrorism and National Security ([email protected], 7-5529) Liana Rosen, Specialist in International Crime and Narcotics ([email protected], 7-6177) February 13, 2015 (IN10167) Overview On February 10, 2015, President Barack Obama acknowledged that U.S. citizen Kayla Mueller was killed while held in captivity by the terrorist group known as the Islamic State (IS). This was the fourth death of an American taken hostage by the Islamic State: Abdul-Rahman Kassig (previously Peter Kassig), James Foley, and Steven Sotloff were also killed. The death of Mueller and the graphic videos depicting the deaths of the other three Americans have generated debate about the U.S. government's role and capabilities for freeing hostages. In light of these deaths, some policymakers have called for a reevaluation of U.S. policy on international kidnapping responses. Questions include whether it is effective and properly coordinated and implemented, should be abandoned or modified to allow for exceptions and flexibility, or could benefit from enhancements to improve global adherence. Scope The killing of U.S. citizens by the Islamic State may be driven by a variety of underlying motives. Reports describe the group as inclined toward graphic and public forms of violence for purposes of intimidation and recruitment. It is unclear whether the Islamic State would have released its Americans hostages in exchange for ransom payments or other concessions. Foley's family, for example, disclosed that the Islamic State demanded a ransom of 100 million euros ($132 million).
    [Show full text]
  • “State of Civil Society Report: 2015
    the year in review State of Civil Society report 2015: THE YEAR IN REVIEW ...these stories tell us that only civil introduction society, in its broadest sense, is taking a It has been another year of hard work and high achievement for civil society. The story of the year since the stance against the 2014 State of Civil Society Report was published has partly been one of a continuing series of attacks on civil concentration of society in the many countries where, when civil society asks difficult questions about power, the powerful seek to silence it. But is has also been a story of impressive and sustained civil society response, in a world that has power in the hands of become more turbulent and contested. a tiny, global, super- rich elite, and against As we show below, civil society faces challenges - of lack of space, under-resourcing and limited access to the attempts of many decision-makers. Civil society also needs continually to prove its connection with and relevance to citizens, political leaders and and it needs to demonstrate its ability to stay ahead of trends and innovate. When civil society groups do not corporate interests do these, they fail. But so often, we see civil society leading the response to crisis, taking on difficult issues, contributing to change, and winning arguments for social justice. to undermine human rights and This year in review section of the 2015 CIVICUS State of Civil Society Report is complemented by our report’s the value of people’s special thematic section on the resourcing for civil society, and the 27 guest contributions, from civil society participation.
    [Show full text]
  • ISIS Propaganda and United States Countermeasures
    BearWorks MSU Graduate Theses Fall 2015 ISIS Propaganda and United States Countermeasures Daniel Lincoln Stevens As with any intellectual project, the content and views expressed in this thesis may be considered objectionable by some readers. However, this student-scholar’s work has been judged to have academic value by the student’s thesis committee members trained in the discipline. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student-scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees. Follow this and additional works at: https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons Recommended Citation Stevens, Daniel Lincoln, "ISIS Propaganda and United States Countermeasures" (2015). MSU Graduate Theses. 1503. https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/1503 This article or document was made available through BearWorks, the institutional repository of Missouri State University. The work contained in it may be protected by copyright and require permission of the copyright holder for reuse or redistribution. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ISIS PROPAGANDA AND UNITED STATES COUNTERMEASURES A Masters Thesis Presented to The Graduate College of Missouri State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science, Defense and Strategic Studies By Daniel Stevens December 2015 Copyright 2015 by Daniel Lincoln Stevens ii ISIS PROPAGANDA AND UNITED STATES COUNTERMEASURES Defense and Strategic studies Missouri State University, December 2015 Master of Science Daniel Stevens ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is threefold: 1. Examine the use of propaganda by the Islamic State in Iraq and al Sham (ISIS) and how its propaganda enables ISIS to achieve its objectives; 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Mining Pro-ISIS Radicalisation Signals from Social Media Users Conference Or Workshop Item
    Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs Mining Pro-ISIS Radicalisation Signals from Social Media Users Conference or Workshop Item How to cite: Rowe, Matthew and Saif, Hassan (2016). Mining Pro-ISIS Radicalisation Signals from Social Media Users. In: Proceedings of the Tenth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM 2016) pp. 329–338. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2016 Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM16/paper/view/13023/12752 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk Proceedings of the Tenth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM 2016) Mining Pro-ISIS Radicalisation Signals from Social Media Users Matthew Rowe Hassan Saif School of Computing and Communications Knowledge Media Institute Lancaster University The Open University Lancaster, United Kingdeom Milton Keynes, United Kingdeom [email protected] [email protected] Abstract work, to recruit Westerners - in particular Muslims from Eu- ropean countries to join them in Syria - and to carry out ter- The emergence and actions of the so-called Islamic State rorist activities in western countries. There have been nu- of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL/ISIS) has received widespread merous reports of people from European countries, in par- news coverage across the World, largely due to their cap- ticular the United Kingdom, France and Belgium, moving ture of large swathes of land across Syria and Iraq, and the publishing of execution and propaganda videos.
    [Show full text]
  • TITLE Ll—AUTHORITY for the USE of MILITARY FORCE AGAINST
    DAV15E09 S.L.C. AMENDMENT NO.llll Calendar No.lll Purpose: To authorize the use of the United States Armed Forces against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES—114th Cong., 1st Sess. (no.) lllllll (title) llllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll Referred to the Committee on llllllllll and ordered to be printed Ordered to lie on the table and to be printed AMENDMENT intended to be proposed by Mr. KAINE (for himself and Mr. FLAKE) Viz: 1 At the appropriate place, insert the following: 2 TITLE ll—AUTHORITY FOR 3 THE USE OF MILITARY FORCE 4 AGAINST THE ISLAMIC STATE 5 OF IRAQ AND THE LEVANT 6 SEC. l1. SHORT TITLE. 7 This title may be cited as the ‘‘Authority for the Use 8 of Military Force Against the Islamic State of Iraq and 9 the Levant Act’’. 10 SEC. l2. FINDINGS. 11 Congress makes the following findings: DAV15E09 S.L.C. 2 1 (1) The terrorist organization that has referred 2 to itself as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant 3 and various other names (in this resolution referred 4 to as ‘‘ISIL’’) poses a grave threat to the people and 5 territorial integrity of Iraq and Syria, regional sta- 6 bility, and the national security interests of the 7 United States and its allies and partners. 8 (2) ISIL holds significant territory in Iraq and 9 Syria and has stated its intention to seize more ter- 10 ritory and demonstrated the capability to do so. 11 (3) ISIL leaders have stated that they intend to 12 conduct terrorist attacks internationally, including 13 against the United States, its citizens, and interests.
    [Show full text]
  • The Islamic State's Use of Online Social Media
    Military Cyber Affairs Volume 1 Issue 1 Article 4 2015 The Islamic State’s Use of Online Social Media Lisa Blaker University of Maryland, Baltimore County, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/mca Part of the Communication Technology and New Media Commons, and the Social Influence and Political Communication Commons Recommended Citation Blaker, Lisa (2015) "The Islamic State’s Use of Online Social Media," Military Cyber Affairs: Vol. 1 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. https://www.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2378-0789.1.1.1004 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/mca/vol1/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Military Cyber Affairs by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Blaker: The Islamic State’s Use of Online Social Media The Islamic State’s Use of Online Social Media LISA BLAKER, University of Maryland, Baltimore County 1. INTRODUCTION The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has made great use of the Internet and online social media sites to spread its message and encourage others, particularly young people, to support the organization, to travel to the Middle East to engage in combat—fighting side-by-side with other jihadists, or to join the group by playing a supporting role—which is often the role carved out for young women who are persuaded to join ISIS. The terrorist group has even directed sympathizers to commit acts of violence wherever they are when traveling to the Middle East isn’t possible.
    [Show full text]
  • MENA Women News Briefdownload
    MENA Women News Brief August 11, 2015-August 25, 2015 Egypt August 12: Egypt's prosecutors take aim at pop stars “Rida al-Fouly, also called Salma, is known for her video clip ‘Sib Idi’ (‘Let Go of my Hand’). Suha Muhammad Ali, known as Egypt's Shakira, has a famous video clip called ‘Al-Kamoun’ (‘Cumin’), and Dalia Kamal Youssef, whose stage name is Radis, is the dancer in ‘Ya Wad ya Tqil’ (‘You Cold- Hearted Man’). On June 2, lawyer Mohammed al-Nimr filed charges with the general prosecutor's office against the three Egyptian dancers for incitement, immorality, and indecency, crimes punishable by three months to more than three years in prison.” (Al-Monitor) August 24: Anti-harassment campaign stirs controversy in Egypt “A Facebook campaign called ‘Mat3brhash’ (‘Don’t Give Her Attention’) stirred controversy July 19, when it attacked Egypt’s women with harsh words such as ‘She’s not worth it, it’s not like she’s Angelina Jolie,’ angering women and men alike. Many women found this campaign insulting and worried it could lead to a rise in harassment, while men feared it could affect their efforts to fight harassment.” (Al-Monitor) Iran August 2015: 50 Iranian Women You Should Know The Iran Wire is profiling “50 Iranian Women You Should Know.” Entries are published every few days and include profiles on Shirin Ebadi and Fatemeh Karroubi most recently, among others. (Iran Wire) August 24: In Iran, a Women’s Soccer Revolution “Women, and women’s sports, still face stiff winds of resistance in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • Answering Christ's Call to Witness in the Middle East
    PRESBYTERIAN MISSION AGENCY / Spring 2015 pcusa.org/missioncrossroads mission ANSWERING CHRIST’S CALL TO WITNESS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AT THE CROSSROADS | By Amgad Beblawi, World Mission Area Coordinator for the Middle East and Europe Mission Crossroads is a Seeing the Middle East Presbyterian Mission Agency publication about the church’s through Christ’s call mission around the world. As reports of turmoil and conflict in the Middle East continue Presbyterian World Mission is to make news headlines, Western governments continue to committed to sending mission deliberate and strategize how to protect their national interests in personnel, empowering the the region. global church, and equipping On the other hand, the church’s outlook and response to events the Presbyterian Church (USA.) in the world is diametrically different. Compelled by the love for mission as together we address of God, the church responds to Christ’s call – “you will be my the root causes of poverty, work for witnesses” (Acts 1:8). reconciliation amidst cultures Christians in the Middle East have, in fact, been Christ’s witnesses since the Day of Pentecost. Successive generations of Christ’s followers proclaimed the of violence, and share the good Gospel to the region’s inhabitants for the past two millennia. However, since the dawn of Islam in news of God’s saving love the seventh century, Christians gradually became a small minority. By the beginning of the 19th through Jesus Christ. century, Orthodox, Assyrian, Maronite, and Eastern Catholic churches that trace their origin to the Apostolic Era were in a state of decline. EDITOR Presbyterian churches in the US and Scotland heard God’s call to send missionaries to Kathy Melvin strengthen indigenous churches in the land where Christianity had its cradle.
    [Show full text]
  • Gw Extremism Tracker Terrorism in the United States
    GW EXTREMISM TRACKER TERRORISM IN THE UNITED STATES INDIVIDUALS HAVE BEEN CHARGED IN THE U.S. ON OFFENSES RELATED 217 to the Islamic State (also known as IS, ISIS, and ISIL) since March 2014, when the first arrests occurred. Of those: Their activities were located in 30 states and the District of Columbia the average age of are male 90% 28 those charged. have pleaded or * the average length 157 were found guilty 13.2 of sentence in years. *Uses 470 months for life sentences per the practice of the U.S. Sentencing Commission were accused of attempting 39% to travel or successfully traveled abroad. were accused of being 31% involved in plots to carry out attacks on U.S. soil. were charged in an operation MALE 58% involving an informant and/or an undercover agent. FEMALE indicates law enforcement operation Acknowledgement Disclaimer This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as under Grant Award Number 20STTPC00001‐01 necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Apprehensions & Charges for Other conspirators were involved in the IS “hostage-taking scheme,” which resulted in the kidnapping and subsequent death of Jihadist Groups James Foley, Kayla Mueller, Steven Sotloff, Peter Kassig, as well as British and Japanese nationals. The pair, who also face material support charges, were captured in January of 2018 by OCT 21 VA the Syrian Democratic Forces and transferred to American custody in 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Resonance Analysis
    Working Paper Resonance Analysis A Method for Detecting Author Affiliations Through Distinctive Patterns of Word Choice Joshua Mendelsohn, William Marcellino, Jaime L. Hastings, and Steven J. Morgan RAND Center for Network Analysis and System Science WR-A1008-1 January 2021 Prepared for the Pardee RAND Graduate School RAND working papers are intended to share researchers’ latest findings and to solicit informal peer review. This paper has been approved for circulation by the RAND Pardee Graduate School. Unless otherwise indicated, working papers can be quoted and cited without permission of the author, provided the source is clearly referred to as a working paper. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. is a registered trademark. For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WRA1008-1.html Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2021 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous.
    [Show full text]
  • European Fighters in Syria and Iraq: Assessments, Responses, and Issues for the United States
    European Fighters in Syria and Iraq: Assessments, Responses, and Issues for the United States Kristin Archick, Coordinator Specialist in European Affairs Paul Belkin Analyst in European Affairs Christopher M. Blanchard Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs Carla E. Humud Analyst in Middle Eastern and African Affairs Derek E. Mix Analyst in European Affairs April 27, 2015 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44003 European Fighters in Syria and Iraq Summary The rising number of U.S. and European citizens traveling to fight with rebel and terrorist groups in Syria and Iraq has emerged as a growing concern for U.S. and European leaders, including Members of Congress. Several deadly terrorist attacks in Europe over the past year—including the killing of 17 people in Paris in January 2015—have heightened the perception that these individuals could pose a serious security threat. Increasingly, terrorist suspects in Europe appear to have spent time with groups fighting in the Middle East, especially with the Islamic State organization (also known as ISIL or ISIS). Others, like the gunman who murdered two individuals in Copenhagen in February 2015, seem to have been inspired by Islamist extremist propaganda. U.S. intelligence suggests that more than 20,000 foreign fighters have traveled to the Syria-Iraq region, including at least 3,400 Westerners, since 2011. The vast majority of Western fighters are thought to be from Europe, although roughly 150 Americans have traveled or attempted to travel to Syria. U.S. authorities estimate that a handful of Americans have died in the conflict; they also assert that military operations against the Islamic State group since August 2014 have killed thousands of fighters, including an unknown number of foreigners.
    [Show full text]